1

Funcia arctangent

Funcia : \ (2 1)
2
f k k

+ e
`
)
,
sin
( )
cos
x
f x tgx
x
= = este o
funcie periodic , de perioad principal
0
T = . Prin urmare , studiul
acestei funcii se realizeaz pe un interval de lungime
0
T . Acest
interval este ,
2 2
| |

|
\ .
.
Tabelul de valori al funciei : ,
2 2
f
| |

|
\ .
, ( ) f x tgx =
x
2

0
6

tgx
/ 3 1
3
3
0
3
3
1 3 /
Reprezentarea grafic a funciei : ,
2 2
f
| |

|
\ .
, ( ) f x tgx =

2
Reprezentarea grafic a funciei : \ (2 1)
2
f k k

+ e
`
)
,
( ) f x tgx =

Funcia : \ (2 1)
2
f k k

+ e
`
)
, ( ) f x tgx = nu este
inversabil . Restricia acesteia la intervalul ,
2 2
| |

|
\ .
cu valori n
este ns inversabil .
Notm funcia invers
1
: ,
2 2
f

| |

|
\ .
,
1
( )
not
f x arctgx

=
arctgx y = tgy x =
Tabelul de valori
x 3 1
3
3
0
3
3
1 3 +
arctgx
2
/

0
6

2
/

3
1. Reprezentarea grafic

2. Intersecia cu axele : ( ) 0, 0
arctg arctg
G Ox G Oy O = = ;
3. Ecuaia 0 arctgx = 0 x = ;
4. Paritate : arctg este impar ( ) arctg x arctgx = , ( )x e ;
5. Simetria graficului :
arctg
G este simetric fa de punctul (0, 0) O ;
6. Monotonie : arctg pe
1 2
( ) , x x e,
1 2
x x <
1 2
arctg x arctg x < ;
7. Semnul funciei :Dac ( ) , 0 x e 0 arctgx <
arctg
G este situat
sub axa Ox ;
Dac ( ) 0, x e + 0 arctgx >
arctg
G este situat deasupra axei Ox ;
8. Concavitate/convexitate : arctg este convex pe ( ) , 0
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
arc ( ) arc arc tg q x q x q tgx q tgx + s + , ( )
1 2
( ) , , 0 x x e ,
1 2
( ) , 0 q q > ,
1 2
1 q q + =
Caz particular ( definiia lui Jensen ) :
1 2
1
2
q q = =
1 2 1 2
arc arc
arc
2 2
x x tgx tgx
tg
| | + +
s
|
|
\ .
, ( )
1 2
( ) , , 0 x x e ;
arctg este concav pe ( ) 0, +
4
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
arc ( ) arc arc tg q x q x q tgx q tgx + > + , ( )
1 2
( ) , 0, x x e + ,
1 2
( ) , 0 q q > ,
1 2
1 q q + =
Caz particular ( definiia lui Jensen ) :
1 2
1
2
q q = =
1 2 1 2
arc arc
arc
2 2
x x tgx tgx
tg
| | + +
>
|
|
\ .
, ( )
1 2
( ) , 0, x x e + ;
0 x = este punct de inflexiune ( punctul n care funcia trece din
convex n concav ) ;
9.Bijectivitate :funcia : ,
2 2
arctg
| |

|
\ .
este bijectiv deoarece
orice paralel dus printr-un punct ,
2 2
y
| |
e
|
\ .
la axa Ox taie
graficul ntr-un singur punct .
9. Inversabil : : ,
2 2
arctg
| |

|
\ .
este bijectiv este
inversabil . Funcia invers este : ,
2 2
tg
| |

|
\ .
.
( ) tg arctgx x = , ( )x e
( ) arctg tgx x = , ( ) ,
2 2
x
| |
e
|
\ .
;


5
Exerciii

1) S se determine domeniul de definiie al funciei : f D ,
( )
2
3 f x arctg x x = ;
Soluie
Avem : ;
2 2
arctg


| |
|
\ .

2
3x x e
2
3 0 x x >
2
3 0 x x = ( ) 3 0 x x = 0 x = sau 3 0 x = 0 x = sau
3 x =
x 0 3 +
2
3x x
0 + + + + + 0

2
3 0 x x >

0;3 x e (



6
2) Calculai ( ) 1 arctg ;
Soluie
( 1)
4
arctg

= sau
: ;
2 2
arctg


| |
|
\ .
este o funcie impar ( ) arctg x arctgx =
( ) ( ) 1 1
4
arctg arctg

= =

7
3) Calculai
( )
1
1 arccos
2
arctg
| |
|
\ .
;
Soluie
( ) 1
4
arctg

=
( ) arccos arccos x x =
1 1
arccos arccos
2 2
= =
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .

3 2
3 3 3

= = =
( )
1 2 3 8 5
1 arccos
2 4 3 12 12
g arct

= = =
| |
|
\ .


8
4) Calculai : a)
( )
sin 3 arctg ; b)
4
arcsin
5
tg
| |
|
\ .
;
Soluie
a) 3
3
arctg

=
( )
3
sin 3 sin
3 2
arctg

= =
b)
4
arcsin
5
x = , ,
2 2
x

e
(
(


4
sin
5
x = , ,
2 2
x

e
(
(


4
5
nu este una din valorile cunoscute ale funciei sinus .
4 sin
arcsin
5 cos
x
tg tgx
x
= =
| |
|
\ .

2 2
sin cos 1 x x + =
2
2
4
cos 1
5
x + =
| |
|
\ .

2
16 25 16 9
cos 1
25 25 25
x

= = =
9 3
cos
25 5
x = =
4
sin 0
5
x = > 0,
2
x

e
(
(

cos 0 x >

3
cos
5
x =
4
4 4 5 4
5
arcsin
3 5 5 3 3
5
tg = = =
| |
|
\ .

9

5) Calculai
1
arctg
x
dac
1
,1, 3
3
x e

`
)

Soluie
Dac
1
3
x =
1
3
1
3
3
arctg arctg

= =
Dac 1 x =
1
1
1
4
arctg arctg

= =

Dac 3 x =
1 3
3
3
6
arctg arctg

= =

10
6) S se compare numerele
1
3
arctg i
1
2
arctg .
Soluie
: ;
2 2
arctg


| |
|
\ .
este strict cresctoare pe
1 1
3 2
< 3 2 > (A)

1 1
3 2
arctg arctg <

=>
11

7) S se calculeze :
a)
1
3
arctg ; b)
( )
3 arctg ; c)
3
3
arctg
| |
|
|
\ .
;
d)
3
3 arcsin
2
arctg +
| |
|
|
\ .
;
Soluie
a)
1 3
3 6
3
arctg arctg

= = ;
b)
( )
3
3
arctg

= ;
c)
3
3 6
arctg

=
| |
|
|
\ .
;
d)
3
3 arcsin 0
2 3 3
arctg

+ = + =
| |
| |
|
|
|
\ .
\ .
;

12
8) S se calculeze : a)
5
arcsin
13
tg
| |
|
\ .
; b)
1 1
2 4
tg arctg arctg +
| |
|
\ .
;
c)
1 3
8 7
tg arctg arctg
| |
|
\ .
; d)
3
cos 2
4
arctg
| |
|
\ .
; e) ( ) 2 3 tg arctg ;
f) ( ) sin 2 3 arctg ;
Soluie
a)
5
arcsin ?
13
tg =
| |
|
\ .

Notm
5
arcsin
13
x =
5
sin
13
x = , ,
2 2
x

e
(
(


5 sin
arcsin
13 cos
x
tg tgx
x
= =
| |
|
\ .
(*)
2 2
sin cos 1 x x + =
2
2
5
cos 1
13
x + =
| |
|
\ .

2
25 144
cos 1
169 169
x = =
12
cos
13
x =
5
sin 0
13
x = > 0,
2
x

e
| (
(
\
cos 0 x >
12
cos
13
x =
(*)
5
5 5 13 5
13
arcsin
12 13 13 12 12
13
tg = = =
| |
|
\ .


13
b)
1 1
?
2 4
tg arctg arctg + =
| |
|
\ .

( )

1
tg a tg b
tg a b
tg a tg b
+
+ =

1 1
2 4
tg arctg arctg + =
| |
|
\ .

1 1
2 4
1 1
1
2 4
tg arctg tg arctg
tg arctg tg arctg
+
= =

| | | |
| |
\ . \ .
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .
(*)
( ) tg arctg x x = , ( )x e (*)
1 1 2 1
3 8 6
2 4 4
1 1 8 1 4 7 7
1
2 4 8
+
+
= = = =

14
c)
1 3
?
8 7
tg arctg arctg =
| |
|
\ .

( )

1
tg a tg b
tg a b
tg a tg b

=
+

1 3
8 7
tg arctg arctg =
| |
|
\ .

1 3
1 3 7 24 17

8 7
8 7 56 56
1 3 56 3 59 1 3
1 1
8 7 56 56 8 7
tg arctg tg arctg
tg arctg tg arctg

= = = = =
+
+ +
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .

17 56 17
56 59 59
= =

15
d)
3
cos 2 ?
4
arctg =
| |
|
\ .

soluie
Au loc egalitile ( substituia universal ) :
2
2
sin
1
t
t
=
+
,
2
2
1
cos
1
t
t

=
+
,
2
2
1
t
tg
t
=

unde
2
t tg

=
3
2
4
arctg =
3
2
3 3
4
2 2 4 4
arctg
t tg tg tg arctg

= = = =
| |
|
| |
|
|
\ . |
|
\ .


2
2
2 2
3
9 16 9
1
1
4 3 1
16 16
cos 2 cos
9 16 9 4 1
3
1
1
16 16
4
t
arctg
t

= = = = = =
+ +
+
+
| |
|
| |
\ .
|
\ . | |
|
\ .

7 16 7
16 25 25
= =

16
e) ( ) 2 3 ? tg arctg =

soluie

2 3 arctg =
( )
2 3
3 3
2 2
arctg
t tg tg tg arctg

= = = =
| |
|
\ .

( )
2 2
2 2 3 6 6 3
2 3
1 9 8 4 1 1 3
t
tg arctg tg
t

= = = = = =



17

f) ( ) sin 2 3 ? arctg =

soluie

2 3 arctg =
( )
2 3
3 3
2 2
arctg
t tg tg tg arctg

= = = =
| |
|
\ .

( )
2 2
2 2 3 6 6 3
sin 2 3 sin
1 9 10 5 1 1 3
t
arctg
t

= = = = = =
+ + +