1

Funcia arcsinus

Funcia : 1;1 f (

, ( ) sin f x x = este o funcie periodic de
perioad principal
0
2 T = . Acest lucru ne permite s reducem studiul
unor proprieti la un interval de lungimea unei perioade principale ,
de exemplu ) 0,2

.
Principalele valori ale funciei sinus pe ) 0,2

Cadranul I
x 0 0 =

30
6

=

45
4

=

60
3

=

90
2

=


( ) sin f x x =
0
1
2

2
2

3
2
1
Cadranul II
x
2
120
3

=


3
135
4

=


5
150
6

=

180 =


( ) sin f x x =

3
2

2
2

1
2
0
Cadranul III
x
7
210
6

=


5
225
4

=


4
240
3

=


3
270
2

=


( ) sin f x x =

1
2

2
2

3
2
1
Cadranul IV
x
5
300
3

=


7
315
4

=


11
330
6

=

2 360 =


( ) sin f x x =

3
2

2
2

1
2
0

2
Reprezentarea grafic a funciei : 0, 2 1;1 f ( (

, ( ) sin f x x =

Reprezentarea grafic a funciei : 1;1 f (

, ( ) sin f x x =

Funcia : 1;1 f (

, ( ) sin f x x = nu este inversabil . Vom
considera restricia funciei f la intervalul ,
2 2
(

(

cu valori n
1,1 (

pe care o notm tot cu : , 1,1
2 2
f
(
(
(

, ( ) sin f x x =
Tabelul de valori
x
2

0
6

sinx 1
3
2

2
2

1
2
0
1
2

2
2

3
2
1
Reprezentarea grafic

3
Funcia : , 1,1
2 2
f
(
(
(

, ( ) sin f x x = este inversabil .
Notm funcia invers
1
: 1,1 ,
2 2
f

(
(
(

,
1
( ) arcsin
not
f x x

= .
arcsinx y = siny x =
Tabelul de valori
x 1
3
2

2
2

1
2
0
1
2

2
2

3
2
1
arcsinx
2

0
6

1. Reprezentarea grafic

2. Intersecia cu axele :
1 1
(0, 0)
f f
G Ox G Oy O

= = ;
3. Ecuaia ( )
1
0 f x

= arcsin 0 x = 0 x = ;
4. Paritate : funcia
1
: 1,1 ,
2 2
f

(
(
(

,
1
( ) arcsin f x x

= este
impar arcsin( ) arcsin x x = , ( ) 1,1 x ( e


5. Simetria graficului :
arcsin
G este simetric n raport cu originea O
6. Monotonie : arcsin pe 1,1 (


1 2
( ) , 1,1 x x ( e

,
1 2
x x <
1 2
arcsin arcsin x x <
7. Semnul funciei : Dac ) 1, 0 x e

arcsin 0 x <
arcsin
G este
situat sub axa Ox ;
Dac (0,1 x ( e

arcsin 0 x >
arcsin
G este situat deasupra axa Ox ;
4
8. Concavitate/convexitate : arcsin este concav pe 1, 0 (


1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
arcsin( ) arcsin arcsin q x q x q x q x + > + ,
1 2
( ) , 1, 0 x x ( e

,
1 2
( ) , 0 q q > ,
1 2
1 q q + =
Caz particular ( definiia lui Jensen ) :
1 2
1
2
q q = =
1 2 1 2
arcsin arcsin
arcsin
2 2
x x x x | | + +
>
|
|
\ .
,
1 2
( ) , 1, 0 x x ( e

;
arcsin este convex pe 0,1 (


1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
arcsin( ) arcsin arcsin q x q x q x q x + s + ,
1 2
( ) , 0,1 x x ( e

,
1 2
( ) , 0 q q > ,
1 2
1 q q + =
Caz particular ( definiia lui Jensen ) :
1 2
1
2
q q = =
1 2 1 2
arcsin arcsin
arcsin
2 2
x x x x | | + +
s
|
|
\ .
,
1 2
( ) , 0,1 x x ( e

;
0 x = este un punct de inflexiune pentru funcia arcsin adic punctul
n care funcia trece din concav n convex .
8.Bijectivitate : Funcia arcsin : 1,1 ,
2 2
(
(
(

este bijectiv
deoarece orice paralel la axa Ox dus printr-un punct ,
2 2
y
(
e
(


taie graficul funciei ntr-un singur punct .
9.Inversabilitate : Deoarece funcia este bijectiv este
inversabil iar inversa ei este funcia sin : , 1,1
2 2
(
(
(


sin(arcsin ) x x = , ( ) 1,1 x (

e
arcsin(sin ) x x = , , ( )
2 2
x
(
(

e

5
Exerciii

1) Determinai domeniul maxim de definiie D pentru funcia
: f D n cazurile : a) ( )
1
arcsin
1
f x
x
=
+
;
b) ( ) arcsin2 f x x = ; c) ( ) arcsin
1
x
f x
x
=
+
;
d) ( )
2
2
arcsin
1
x
f x
x
=
+
;
2) S se calculeze : a)
1
arcsin
2
; b)
( )
arcsin 1 ; c)
3
arcsin
2
;
d)
2
arcsin
2
| |
|
|
\ .
;
3) S se arate c : a)
( ) ( )
arcsin sin 5 2 5 = ;
b)
( )
arcsin sin4 4 = ; c)
2 3
arcsin arcsin
5 7
< ;
d)
2 3
arcsin arcsin
2 2
2 3
arcsin
4 2
| | | |
+ | |
| |
| |
+
\ . \ .
< |
|
\ .
;
4) S se determine unghiul
1 3
arcsin arcsin
3 4
+ ;
5) S se calculeze
( )
arcsin sin10
6) S se afle mulimea valorilor funciei 2arcsin 5 y x = + ;
7) S se arate c funcia
5 7
: , 1,1
2 2
f
(
(
(

,
( )
sin f x x = este
inversabil , avnd inversa
1
5 7
: 1,1 ,
2 2
f

(
(
(

,
( )
1
3 arcsin f x x

=
1
Exerciii

1) Determinai domeniul maxim de definiie D pentru funcia
: f D n cazurile : a) ( )
1
arcsin
1
f x
x
=
+
;
b) ( ) arcsin2 f x x = ; c) ( ) arcsin
1
x
f x
x
=
+
;
d)
( )
2
2
arcsin
1
x
f x
x
=
+
;
2) S se calculeze : a)
1
arcsin
2
; b) ( ) arcsin 1 ; c)
3
arcsin
2
;
d)
2
arcsin
2

| |
|
|
\ .
;
3) S se arate c : a)
( ) ( )
arcsin sin 5 2 5 = ;
b) ( ) arcsin sin 4 4 = ; c)
2 3
arcsin arcsin
5 7
< ;
d)
2 3
arcsin arcsin
2 2
2 3
arcsin
4 2
+
+
<
| | | |
| |
| |
| |
\ . \ .
|
|
\ .
;
4) S se determine unghiul
1 3
arcsin arcsin
3 4
+ ;
5) S se calculeze ( ) arcsin sin10
6) S se afle mulimea valorilor funciei 2arcsin 5 y x = + ;
7) S se arate c funcia
5 7
: , 1,1
2 2
f
(
(
(


,
( )
sin f x x = este
inversabil , avnd inversa
1
5 7
: 1,1 ,
2 2
f

(
(
(


,
( )
1
3 arcsin f x x

=
2
Soluii

1) Determinai domeniul maxim de definiie D pentru funcia
: f D n cazurile : a) ( )
1
arcsin
1
f x
x
=
+
;
soluie
Funcia arcsin este definit prin arcsin : 1,1 ,
2 2
(
(
(



1
1
1,1
x +
( e


1
1 1
1 x
s s
+

1
1
1 x
s
+
(1) i
1
1
1 x
s
+
(2)
(1)
1
1
1 x
s
+

1)
1
0 1
1
x
x
+
s +
+

1 1
0
1
x
x
+ +
s
+

2
0
1
x
x
+
>
+

2 0 x + = 2 x =
1 0 x + = 1 x =
x 2 1 +
2 x + 0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 a =
1 x + 0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 a =
2
1
x
x
+
+
0 / + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
2
0
1
x
x
+
>
+

( ( )
1
, 2 1,
not
x D ( e + =

(2)
1
1
1 x
s
+

1)
1
1 0
1
x
x
+
s
+

1 1
0
1
x
x

s
+
0
1
x
x

s
+

0 x = 0 x =
1 0 x + = 1 x =
x 1 0 +
x 0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 a =
1 x + 0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 a =
2
1
x
x
+
+
/ 0 + + + + + + +
0
1
x
x

s
+

( ) )
2
, 1 0,
not
x D e + =

3

( )
1 2
, 2 0, D D D ( = = +


4
b) ( ) arcsin2 f x x = ;
soluie
Funcia arcsin este definit prin arcsin : 1,1 ,
2 2
(
(
(



2 1,1 x ( e

1 2 1 x s s : 2
1 1
2 2
x s s
1 1
,
2 2
x
(
e
(


1 1
,
2 2
D
(
=
(


5
c) ( ) arcsin
1
x
f x
x
=
+
;
soluie
Funcia arcsin este definit prin arcsin : 1,1 ,
2 2
(
(
(



1
1,1
x
x +
( e

1 1
1
x
x
s s
+
1
1
x
x
s
+
(1) i 1
1
x
x
s
+
(2)
(1) 1
1
x
x
s
+

1)
0 1
1
x
x
x
+
s +
+

1
0
1
x x
x
+ +
>
+

2 1
0
1
x
x
+
>
+

2 1 0 x + = 2 1 x = |: 2
1
2
x =
1 0 x + = 1 x =
x 1
1
2
+

2 1 x + 0 + + + + + + + + + 2 a =
1 x + 0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 a =
2 1
1
x
x
+
+
+ + + + + + + + / 0 + + + + + + + + +

2 1
0
1
x
x
+
>
+

( )
1
1
, 1 ,
2
not
x D
|
e + =
|
.

(2) 1
1
x
x
s
+

1)
1 0
1
x
x
x
+
s
+

1
0
1
x x
x

s
+

1
0
1 x

s
+

1 0 = (F)
1 0 x + = 1 x =
x 1 +
1
1 x + 0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 a =
2 1
1
x
x
+
+
+ + + + + + + + /

1
0
1 x

s
+

( )
2
1,
not
x D e + =
6

1 2
1
,
2
D D D
|
= = +
|
.


7
d)
( )
2
2
arcsin
1
x
f x
x
=
+
;
soluie
Funcia arcsin este definit prin arcsin : 1,1 ,
2 2
(
(
(



2
2
1
1,1
x
x +
( e

2
2
1 1
1
x
x
s s
+

2
2
1
1
x
x
s
+
(1) i
2
2
1
1
x
x
s
+
(2)
(1)
2
1 )
2
2
0 1
1
x
x
x
+
s +
+

2
2
2 1
0
1
x x
x
+ +
>
+

2
2
2 1
0
1
x x
x
+ +
>
+

2
2 1 0 x x + + =
2 2
4 2 4 1 1 4 4 0 b ac A = = = =

1 2
2
1
2 2 1
b
x x
a
= = = =

2
1 0 x + =
2 2
4 0 4 1 1 0 4 4 0 b ac A = = = = <
1,2
x e
x 1 +
2
2 1 x x + + + + + + + + + + + + 0 + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 a =
2
1 x + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 a =
2
2
2 1
1
x x
x
+ +
+
+ + + + + + + + + + 0 + + + + + + + + + + + +

2
2
2 1
0
1
x x
x
+ +
>
+

1
x D e =
(2)
2
2
1
1
x
x
s
+

2
1 )
2
2
1 0
1
x
x
x
+
s
+

2
2
2 1
0
1
x x
x

s
+

2
2
2 1
0
1
x x
x
+
s
+

2
2 1 0 x x + =
2 2
4 2 4 ( 1) ( 1) 4 4 0 b ac A = = = =
1 2
2
1
2 2 ( 1)
b
x x
a
= = = =


2
1 0 x + =
2 2
4 0 4 1 1 0 4 4 0 b ac A = = = = <
1,2
x e

8
x 1 +
2
2 1 x x + 0 1 a =
2
1 x + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 a =
2
2
2 1
1
x x
x
+
+
0

2
2
2 1
0
1
x x
x
+
s
+

2
x D e =

1 2
D D D = =

9
2) S se calculeze : a)
1
arcsin
2
;
soluie
2)
1
arcsin
2
2
arcsin
2 4

= =
b) ( ) arcsin 1 ;
soluie
( ) arcsin 1
2

= sau
arcsin impar ( ) arcsin 1 arcsin1
2

= =
c)
3
arcsin
2
;
soluie
3
arcsin
2 3

=
d)
2
arcsin
2

| |
|
|
\ .
;
soluie
2
arcsin
2 4

| |
= |
|
\ .
sau
arcsin impar
2
arcsin
2
2
arcsin
2 4

| | | |
= = | |
| |
\ . \ .


10
3) S se arate c : a)
( ) ( )
arcsin sin 5 2 5 = ;
soluie
Avem arcsin(sin ) x x = , ( ) ,
2 2
x

e
(
(

(*)

2

1, 57 (aproximare prin lips ) 1, 57 1, 58

2

< <
1, 57 1, 58
2

< < | ( ) 1 1, 58 1, 57
2

< <
=> 1, 58 1, 58
2 2

< < < => , 1, 58;1, 58
2 2
(
( c
(




Deci 5 ,
2 2
(
e
(

i nu putem aplica formula (*). De aceea vom face o
reducere la intervalul ,
2 2
(

(

.

Funcia sin : 1,1 (

este periodic de perioad principal
0
2 T =
sin(2 5) sin( 5) = arcsin(sin( 5)) arcsin(sin(2 5)) = (1)

3,14( aproximare prin lips ) 3,14 3,15 < < | 2
6,28 2 6, 30 < < | 5 1, 28 2 5 1, 30 < <
1, 57 1, 28 2 5 1, 30 1, 57
2 2

< < < < < < 2 5 ,
2 2

(
e
(


arcsin(sin(2 5)) 2 5 = (2)


(1),(2)
( ) ( )
arcsin sin 5 2 5 =

=>
11
b) ( ) arcsin sin 4 4 = ;
soluie
Avem arcsin(sin ) x x = , ( ) ,
2 2
x

e
(
(

(*)

, 1, 58;1, 58
2 2
(
( c
(


4 ,
2 2
(
e
(



sin( ) sin cos cos sin a b a b a b =
sin( 4) sin cos 4 cos sin 4 0 cos 4 ( 1) sin 4 sin 4 = = = (1)

3,14 3,15 < < 4 0, 86 4 0, 85 < <
1, 57 0, 86 4 0, 85 1, 57
2 2

< < < < < < 4 ,
2 2

(
e
(


arcsin(sin( 4)) 4 = (2)

(1),(2) arcsin(sin 4) 4 =

12
c)
2 3
arcsin arcsin
5 7
<
soluie
arcsin pe 1,1 (


1 2
( ) , 1,1 x x ( e

,
1 2
x x <

1 2
arcsin arcsin x x <
Fie
1
2
1,1
5
x ( = e

i
2
3
1,1
7
x ( = e


Pp. c
2 3
5 7
< 2 7 3 5 < 14 15 < (A)
2 3
5 7
<
2 3
arcsin arcsin
5 7
<


13
d)
2 3
arcsin arcsin
2 2
2 3
arcsin
4 2
+
+
<
| | | |
| |
| |
| |
\ . \ .
|
|
\ .
;
soluie
arcsin este convex pe 0,1 (


1 2 1 2
arcsin arcsin
arcsin
2 2
x x x x | | + +
s
|
|
\ .
,
1 2
( ) , 0,1 x x ( e

( definiia lui Jensen )
Fie
1
2
0,1
2
x ( = e

i
2
3
0,1
2
x ( = e


2 3
arcsin arcsin
2 2
arcsin
2 2
2 3
2 2
+
+
<
| | | |
| |
| |
| | |
\ . \ .
|
|
|
\ .

2 3
arcsin arcsin
2 2
2 3
arcsin
4 2
+
+
<
| | | |
| |
| |
| |
\ . \ .
|
|
\ .

OBSERVAIE .
2 3
arcsin arcsin
2 2
2 3
arcsin
4 2
+
+
<
| | | |
| |
| |
| |
\ . \ .
|
|
\ .

2 3
4 3
arcsin
4 2

+
+
<
| |
|
|
\ .

2 3
arcsin
4
7
24
+
<
| |
|
|
\ .

14
4) S se determine unghiul
1 3
arcsin arcsin
3 4
+ ;
soluie
Notm
1 3
arcsin arcsin
3 4
+ =
sin( ) sin cos cos sin a b a b a b + = +

1 3 1 3
sin sin arcsin cos arcsin cos arcsin sin arcsin
3 4 3 4

| | | | | | | |
= +
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .


sin(arcsin ) x x = , ( ) 1,1 x ( e



1
1,1
3
x ( = e


1 1
sin arcsin
3 3
| |
=
|
\ .

3
1,1
4
x ( = e

3 3
sin arcsin
4 4
| |
=
|
\ .


3
cos arcsin ?
4
| |
=
|
\ .

Notm
3
arcsin ,
4 2 2
a
(
= e
(


3
sin 0
4
a = > 0,
2
a
(
e
(


2 2
sin cos 1 a a + = (formula fundamental a trigonometriei )

2
2
3
cos 1
4
a
| |
+ =
|
\ .

2
9
cos 1
16
a + =
2
9
cos 1
16
a =
2
16 9
cos
16
a

=
2
7
cos
16
a =
0,
2
a
(
e
(

cos 0 a >

7
cos
4
a =
3 7
cos arcsin
4 4
| |
=
|
\ .


=>
=>
15
1
cos arcsin ?
3
| |
=
|
\ .

Notm
1
arcsin ,
3 2 2
a
(
= e
(


1
sin 0
3
a = > 0,
2
a
(
e
(


2 2
sin cos 1 a a + =
2
2
1
cos 1
3
a
| |
+ =
|
\ .

2
1
cos 1
9
a + =
2
1
cos 1
9
a =

2
9 1
cos
9
a

=
2
8
cos
9
a =
0,
2
a
(
e
(

cos 0 a >

8 2 2
cos
9 3
a = =
1 2 2
cos arcsin
3 3
| |
=
|
\ .

1 7 2 2 3
sin
3 4 3 4
= +
7 6 2
sin
12

+
=
7 2, 64 (aproximare prin lips) 2, 64 7 2, 65 < <
2 1,41 (aproximare prin lips ) 1, 41 2 1, 42 < < 6
8, 46 6 2 8, 52 < <
11,10 7 6 2 11,17 < + < : 12
7 6 2
0, 925 0, 93
12
+
< <
7 6 2
1,1
12
+
( e


7 6 2
sin
12

+
=


=>
=>
7 6 2
arcsin
12

| |
+
= |
|
\ .
=>
16
5) S se calculeze ( ) arcsin sin10
soluie


7
3 10
2

< < 3 0 10 3
2

< <
arcsin(sin ) x x = , ( ) ,
2 2
x
(
e
(


arcsin(sin(10 3 )) 10 3 = => (1)
Funcia sinus este periodic de perioad principal
0
2 T =
sin(10 3 ) sin(10 3 2 ) sin(10 ) sin10cos cos10sin = + = = =
sin10 ( 1) cos10 0 sin10 = = (2)
(1),(2) arcsin( sin10) 10 3 =
arcsin impar
arcsin(sin10) 10 3 = ( 1) arcsin(sin10) 3 10 =

=>
=>
17
6) S se afle mulimea valorilor funciei 2arcsin 5 y x = + ;
soluie
arcsin : 1,1 ,
2 2
(
(
(


arcsin
2 2
x

s s 2
2arcsinx s s 5 + 5 2arcsin 5 5 x s + s +
5 , 5 y ( e +



18
7) S se arate c funcia
5 7
: , 1,1
2 2
f


(
(
(

, ( ) sin f x x = este
inversabil , avnd inversa
1
5 7
: 1,1 ,
2 2
f

(
(
(

,
( )
1
3 arcsin f x x

=
soluie

Folosind reprezentarea grafic a funciei
5 7
: , 1,1
2 2
f


(
(
(

, ( ) sin f x x = se observ c orice paralel la
axa Ox dus printr-un punct 1,1 y ( e

taie graficul funciei ntr-un
singur punct funcia este bijectiv deci inversabil .
Fie 1,1 y ( e

astfel nct ( ) f x y = sinx y =
,
5 7
,
2 2
x
(
e
(

(1)

5 7
,
2 2
x
(
e
(


5 7
2 2
x

s s 3 3
2 2
x

s s
sin( 3 ) sin( 3 2 ) sin( ) sin cos cos sin x x x x x = + = = =
sin ( 1) cos 0 sin x x x = = sin sin( 3 ) x x = (2)
(1),(2) sin( 3 ) x y = sin( 3 ) x y = 3 arcsin( ) x y =
3 arcsin x y = 3 arcsin x y =
1
5 7
: 1,1 ,
2 2
f

(
(
(

,
( )
1
3 arcsin f x x