joiecia CRI FUNDAMENTALE

ale CULTURII ROMNE

Coperta: Ctlin tefan Popa
MAX BLECHER
NTMPLRI N IREALITATE A IMEDIAT
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5N CUTAREA IDENTITII IERDUTE
C*l*"oriile s*rac/l/i% TeriEila &%ferin3 a ro2antiilor a on&tit%it#o boala secolului.
Conte2poranii l%i No$ali& (i La2artine+ ai l%i BNron (i Leopar)i era% atin(i )e
2elanolie BnfriC%rat+ )e ElaOare (i no&talCie+ o&il4n) &o2noro(i Bntre rO$rtire (i
ini&2+ Bn&inC%rat+ !it%it )e !i2ere+ iOolat )e &oietate+ bolnavul ro2anti B(i ereta
interioritatea % %i2iri a%rorale+ )e&opeprin) aii eniC2e e3oa&e+ analoCii
2iroEolante+ )ar (i prileD )e on&olare" EnCleOii &%ferea% )e spleen, franeOii )e mal
du siecle, iar Cer2anii )e Weltschmertz. Balaniii+ Bn &!i2E+ era% !in%i3i )e o
2ala)ie fanariot+ % o!tt%ri (i apelpi&ii+ reia Bi &p%nea% lihtis. B(i $or fi a$%t+
)e&iC%r+ (i italienii+ (i &paniolii Eolile lor+ pe are+ )a n% le#a% f%t eleEre+ e )e
reO%t le#a% re&i23it % eCal inten&itate"
N#a% &pat nii 2o)erni(tii )e &petr%l a2enin3tor al Eolii" Dintr#o &%ferin3
&%fletea&+ 2ala)ia ro2anti &#a pref%t Bntr#%na fiOi+ t%lE%r4n) &piritele (i
24n4n)%#le &pre Eolni3e (i &anatorii" Spleen-ul (i Weltschmertz-ul a% fo&t Bnlo%ite %
t%Eer%loOa (i ftiOia+ iar aE%lia (i tri&te3ea+ % )%rerea &iner (i a%tenti" 5iC%r+ pare o
ipoteO prea nat%rali&t aea&ta+ )e a#i Bnf3i(a pe 2o)erni Bntr#o i2aCine patoloCi+
)ar par n#a% exi&tat niio)at at43ia &riitori 2ina3i )e Eoal+ &ili3i & olin)e toat
$ia3a &pitalele are a$ea% & )e$in no%a lor realitate+ Bntin(i pe C%tiere &a% Bnf(%ra3i Bn
atapla&2e+ ae(ti &riitori (i#a% Bn)reptat aten3ia Bn !ip" aproape proCra2ati tre
interioritatea aE&tr%&+ tre otloanele ele 2ai a&%n&e ale fiin3ei" ?r%&tra3i )e o
o2%niare expan&i$+ )e &pontaneitatea Eoe2ei+ &%ferinOii epoii 2o)erne (i#a% C&it
on&olarea Bn propriile o(2ar%ri+ Bn &pa3i%l fiti$ al propriei i2aCina3ii+ f4n) )in
Eolile lor eea e C!arle&#Lo%i& P!ilippe n%2ea extre2 )e &%Ce&ti$ Pltoriile
&ra%l%iL"
Da ro2antiii a% )e&operit &inC%rtatea Bn %r2a %nor %tri neE%loa&e+ f4n) )in
ea %n $ii% (i o otra$+ 2o)ernii a% aD%n& la
;
RADU G. EPOSU
&olit%)ine prin fatalitatea &%ferin3ei" Boala fiOi a fo&t %na )in ile pe are
in)i$i)%ali&2%l # on&i)erat )e *alerN a fiin) 2ara 2o)erni&2%l%i # a ptr%n& el
2ai &iC%r+ fr opreli(ti (i potiniri" 5iC%r n% to3i &riitorii Bnera3i )e &oart a%
profitat )e )ra2a lor pentr% a pro)%e opere )%raEile" Tratate &%perfiial+ % %n &oi )e
ex!iEare $ol%ptoa&+ a&tfel )e te2e p%tea% tree )e&eori a reproEaEile &%E 2a&a
literat%rii )e analiO" Era fire&+ prin %r2are+ a &%ferin3a afetat+ )e pro&t C%&t+ &
atraC )eOa$%area ritiii" Cel are+ Bn literat%ra noa&tr+ (i#a 2anife&tat oproEriile ele
2ai $e!e2ente a fo&t E%Cen lone&%" Bntr#%n o2entari% prileD%it )e ro2an%l L%iei
De2etri%&+ Tineree, roniar%l literar )e la P?alaL oE&er$a Ptoat literat%ra aea&ta
)e a%toanaliO are &e rela2 )e la l%i)itate M )e la %noa(tere M n% e&te )e4t o
analiO la Bn)e24na orir%i' o fal& l%i)itate' o %noa(tere aproxi2ati$ a &trilor
&enti2entale periferieL+ alifi4n)#o 2ai Bnolo a Po )eOC%&ttoare ole3ie 2%r)ar+
leioa& )e 2rt%ri&iri ner%(inate a r%(inilor 2ii in)i$i)%ale+ a Bntri&trilor+ a
t%rpit%)inilor+ a 2iOeriilor+ a Dalni%l%iL" De$enit 2o) literar+ te2a &%ferin3ei a
i&pitit pe 2%l3i a%tori (i n% e )e 2irare aea&ta a pro)%& Bn epo o a)e$rat
in)%&trie literar+ o $eritaEil 2o)+ ataloCat )e Cline&%+ Bn Istoria &a+ a literat%r
a Pexperien3elorL" Mi!ail Celarian%+ Con&tantin ?4nt4ner%+ Ani(oara F)ean%+ Dan
Petra(in%+ Mi!ail erEan+ Ion BiEeri+ Petr% Manoli%+ Fta$ %l%3i%+ L%ia De2etri%&+
Petr% erEne&%+ Q" Boni%+ >rN Bena)or+ Ti% Ar!ip+ 5orana K%rian+ Mirea
Da2ian+ K" M" *l)e&%+ T" C" 5tan+ iat n%2ai 43i$a )in proOatorii ro24ni are a%
)eprin& )eCraE re3eta+ in$a)4n) liErriile epoii % ro2anele lor fri$ole
An)re Ki)e nota Bn Jurnalul &% PEolile &%nt !ei are ne pol )e&!i)e an%2ite %(i"
Cre) &%nt an%2ite %(i pe are n%2ai Eoala le poate )e&!i)e" Exi&t o &tare )e
&ntate are n% ne BnC)%ie & Bn3eleCeir orie"L Bn ro2an%l Paludes, proOator%l
franeO e&te Bn 2ai ra)ial:
P# 5ntatea n% 2i &e pare %n E%n at4t )e $re)ni )e#a fi in$i)iat" E' n% repreOint
)e4t %n e!iliEr%+ 2e)ioritatea Bn toate' e aE&en3i !ipertrofiilor" N% $alor2 )e4t
prin eea e ne )eo&eEe(te )e eilal3i i)io&inra&ia e Eoala noa&tr )e $aloare' &a%+ %
alte %$inte+ e ar Bn&e2ntate Bn noi e eea e noi &inC%ri po&e)2+ e n% poate fi C&it
l ni2eni alt%l+ eea e omul normal al )%2itale n% are+ prin %r2are+ ee e n%2i3i
Eoal" Ci Bneta3i a 2ai pri$i Eoala )rept o lip&' ea R )i2potri$+ e$a Bn pl%&' %n
oo(at e %n o2 pl%& o ooa( (i prefer & on&i)era3i &ntatea )rept aE&en3a Eolilor"L
.Bn ro24ne(te )e *la)i2ir Colin
Da pentr% Ki)e Eoala are $aloare 2ai )eCraE eti (i Cno&eoloCi' pentr% NietO&!e
aea&ta apt o $aloare e2ina2ente exi&ten3ial: fi &%ferin3 # &p%ne filo&of%l Bn
Ecce homo -, &ntatea n#ar p%tea niio)at la on(tiin3a )e &ine"
STUDIU INTRODUCTIV
Tot An)re Ki)e Bnto2ea+ Bn aela(i Jurnal al &%+ %n &oi )e antoloCie a 2arilor Eolna$i:
profe3ii+ 5f4nt%l Pa$el+ 5f4nt%l loan+ Hean#HaS%e& Ro%&&ea%+ NietO&!e+ Do&toie$&Ti+ ?la%Eert"
Exi&t (i Bn literat%ra ro24n %n a&tfel )e po2elni+ Bnto2it )e Ca2il BaltaOar (i o2pletat
)e Cline&%+ a r%i $ol%ptate a&%n&+ )e a &otoi Bn fi(ele 2e)iale ale &riitorilor+ e )e
a%2 (ti%t" Din aea&t tri&t en%2erare e#i pri$e(te pe interEelii fa parte: t%Eer%lo(ii
KiE I" Mi!e&%+ B" ?%n)oian%+ tefan Peti+ B" Ne23ean%+ M" Ble!er+ N" Mil%+ loan
Ciorne&%' ftiOiii D" laoEe&%+ Alexan)r% 5a!ia ("a" Boala a %r2at prea 2%lte pro2i&i%ni
a & poat fi tre%t % $e)erea (i+ 4n) Ca2il BaltaOar on&tata Pt%Eer%loOa a lo$it Cre%
literat%ra noa&trL+ 24!nirea n%#i era neBnte2eiat"
>n%l )in &riitorii are a% iOE%tit & Bnfr4nC li(eele $re2ii (i & fa )in Eoala lor o
experien3 % a)e$rat t%lE%rtoare a fo&t M" Ble!er" Retient (i aproape pe)ant Bn
oE&er$a3iile &ale+ 2in%3io& (i a&pr% Bn analiO+ on(tient toate triE%la3iile trite n% &%nt )e4t
%n p%rCatori% pe are e &ilit &#l tra$er&eOe+ Ble!er (i#a pri$it Eoala % &enti2ent%l %nei
fatalit3i )eente+ % on(tiin3a in%raEilit3ii ei" De(i a Bnerat toate ile )e a &e Bnl3a
)ea&%pra nenoroirii # i %ra )eCrinCola)a fiOi #+ a%tor%l Inimilor cicatrizate a fo&t &ilit &
onte2ple proCre&ia lent a 2ala)iei/fr $aiet%l ConCori al lepro&%l%i )in poeOia l%i
?%n)oian%+ fr $ol%ptatea aConiei pe are o afi(a prin3%l Maxen3i% )in Concert de muzic de
!ach )e Qorten&ia Papa)at#BenCe&%" DeCrinCola)a fiOi a fo&t )i&ret+ )e(i &#a !in%it
Bn)el%nC+ (i n% o )at a 2rt%ri&it Bn &ri& $ol%ptatea Eolii Bi e &trin" Ca (i pentr% T!o2a&
Mann+ pentr% Ble!er Eoala era for2a )eO23at a $ie3ii" Con&i)era &%ferin3a P&t%pi)L (i
Bnera & &e &2%lC )in 2aCneti&2%l ei 2aliCn prin let%ri 2eti%loa&e+ prin $iOitele
prietenilor+ prin ore&pon)en3" L%i Miron Krin)ea Bi &ria P2 Bn&pi24nt )%rerile fiOie
(i+ 4n) a%) prieteni )e#ai 2ei &%fer+ a( $rea & pot fae e$a Bntr#a)e$r efiae & le
trea )%rerea" ."""/ i a&ta n% % %n &enti2entali&2 )e 2il (i aritate+ i % %nia rea3i%ne
onoraEil Bn fa3a i2en&ei &t%pi)it3i a l%2ii fiOie"L Bn fine+ Bntr#o &ri&oare )in 6 i%lie ,-70+
tre 5a(a Pan+ Ble!er rep%)ia to2ai ipo&taOa )e $irt%oO al &%ferin3ei:
PBoala Bnepe & fa )in 2ine %n profe&ioni&t al e2oti$it3ii (i al &%&eptiEilit3ilor+ # a2
aD%n& Bn faOa )e are 2 te2ea2 2ai 2%lt: "assister sa propre de#rin#olade$%.
?ie (i n%2ai )in ae&te 2rt%rii+ e Cre% )e pre&%p%& Ble!er a$ea $oa3ia in&talrii Bn
nenoroire+ #(i exalta infir2itatea+ Clorifi4n)#o" DeOn)eD)ea l#a in$a)at t4rOi%+ )%p
Bn)el%nCi pereCrinri la BerT &%r Mer+ LeN&in+ Bra(o$+ Te!irC!iol (i B%%re(ti+ are a%
&f4r(it+ tri&t#ere2onio&+ Bn a&a % er)a (i li$a) )e pe &tra)a Co&ta!e Mor3%n )in t4rC%l
Ro2an%l%i"
N% e 2ai p%3in a)e$rat a%tor%l &izuinii luminate P&#a n&%t &%E &e2n%l su'erinei (i a
trit#o Bn )in opilrie+ a &it%a3ie#li2it+ a)i Bn
RADU G. TEPOSU
2o) exi&ten3ialL+ # %2 Eine a oE&er$at I" NeCoi3e&% #+ Bn& aea&t on(tiin3 a
exi&ten3ei %lerate Ble!er a a$%t#o 2ai t4rOi%" P4n la no%&preOee ani+ 4n) 2orE%l
l%i Pott l#a )oEor4t la pat+ &riitor%l prea %n te2pera2ent roE%&t+ 2oEil+ partiipant
Oelo& la toate a3i%nile &porti$e (i %lt%rale ale Ci2naOi%l%i PRo2an#*o)L+
olaEorator ati$ la PEo%l Ro2an%l%iL' prea 2ai )eCraE %n t4nr E%rC!eO $ol%pto&
)e4t %n 2ala)i$ pre)i&p%& la &%ferin3" Era intere&at )e literat%r (i pe 2a&a &a )in
Ro2an &e afla% %lti2ele r3i (i re$i&te pri2ite )e pe&te !otare+ pe are le r&foia % o
%rioOitate !rprea3" A &i2patiOat % &%prareali&2%l # Bn al r%i tri%2f i2pet%o& a
reO%t tot ti2p%l #+ fr & &priDine &a% & a)ere Bn !ip expliit la $re%n Cr%p literar"
Din fel%l )e a tri )i&ret a f%t %n &til )e $ia3+ iar neferiita &a &!i$niie a
on&i)erat#o tot ti2p%l %n ai)ent al )e&tin%l%i" 5%rta &a exi&ten3 &#a &%rt lent (i
!in%itor Bntre &peran3 (i )eOn)eD)e+ &%ferin) la C4n)%l &inC%rt3ii (i ex%lt4n) la
$iOitele prietenilor &i )e$ota3i+ 5a(a Pan (i Keo BoCOa+ fa3 )e are n% %ita &#(i arate
re%no(tin3a )e fieare )at" Era Bn &tare )e Ce&t%ri &%rprinOtoare !iar 4n) &tarea
&nt3ii Bl t%lE%ra" De ori%n)e &e afla+ erea prin3ilor Eani pentr% ne$oi Bn!ip%ite+
pentr% a#i tri2ite prietenilor afla3i Bn )ifi%ltate" A fo&t o fiin3 retient (i or)ial+ Bn
i%)a Eolii are n#a iOE%tit &#l fa nii %r&%O+ nii rpno&"
*ia3a l%i Ble!er a fo&t &ra Bn e$eni2ente" 5%ferin3a a fo&t at4t )e inten&+ Bn4t i#a
onfi&at BntreaCa EioCrafie" De&pre a%itatea propriei &ale )%reri i#a 2rt%ri&it l%i 5a(a
Pan+ Bntr#%na )in Oilele &f4r(it%l%i:
PA2 trit Bn 1- )e ani 2ai 2%lt )e4t al3ii Bn ,88" A2 ltorit+ a2 $O%t+ a2 &ri&"
5p%ne &%rorilor 2ele &#(i tria&+ fr exe&e+ )ar &#(i tria& $ia3a" 5 %2Ele pe
propriile lor piioare" ."""/ 5 &e pli2Ee %n)e &%nt flori+ & %leaC flori" De 2ine &
%ita3i" i $e3i %ita" E 2ai Eine )e pl4n& l4nC %n 2or24nt )e4t )e o2pti2it %n
&%ferin)"L
5#a n&%t+ pe n%2ele &% o2plet Max L" Ble!er+ la : &epte2Erie ,-8-+ Bn fa2ilia
%n%i neC%&tor e$re% Bn&trit+ la Boto(ani+ or(el en%(i% (i po&o2or4t+ %n fel )e
Dro!oE4i 2ol)a$+ pe are#l $a &!i2Ea la &%rt ti2p % t4rC%l Ro2an%l%i+ %n)e B(i $a
fae (oala pri2ar (i lie%l (i $a olaEora la Oiar%l loal+ Bn entr%l Ro2an%l%i+ tatl
&% a$ea & )e&!i) %n 2aCaOin )e por3elan%ri+ a &#(i 2en3in ranC%l )e 2i
E%rC!eO pe are#l 2o(tenea" La &f4r(it%l lie%l%i+ t4nr%l Ble!er plea la Pari& a &
%r2eOe 2e)iina+ )ar n% ap% & tria& 2iraD%l &t%)en3iei+ i &e B2Eoln$e(te Bn
&%rt ti2p+ )e$enin) %n infir2" La n%2ai no%&preOee ani+ Bn ,-1:+ Ble!er &e
)e&parte )efiniti$ )e $ia3a ati$+ fiin) i2oEiliOat la pat p4n la &f4r(it" Ca (i KiE
Mi!e&% Bn %lti2ii ani+ a%tor%l Inimilor cicatrizate B(i $a &rie ro2anele pe o pla )e
le2n+ 2ere% Bn aeea(i poOi3ie: Ppe &pate+ % Cen%n!ii B2pietri3i Bn U Bntor&L+ %2 l#a
oE&er$at 5a(a Pan" A olin)at+ a (i VafTa &a% ?%n)oian%+ 2ai 2%lte &anatorii )in
?ran3a+ El$e3ia (i Ro24nia+ fr nii %n folo& Bn&" De aeea+ &#a retra&+ % p%3in
%
STUDIU INTRODUCTIV
ti2p Bnainte )e a &f4r(i+ Bn ora(%l &% # pre%2 RoEert Ual&er la Biel+ )%p Bn)el%nCi
pereCrinri EerlineOe #+ %n)e &#a &tin& )in $ia3+ on(tient )e 2o2ent%l 2or3ii+ la 7,
2ai ,-7:" Boala l#a ep%iOat fiOie(te+ i#a &%E3iat fa3a (i i#a )ilatat pri$irea+ &2%lC4n)%#l
pentr% tot)ea%na )in fo(Ciala $ie3ii" L%i F$" 5" Cro!2lniean% Bi apare % Po fa3
(lef%it )e &%ferin3 a %n fil)e(" 5%E o fr%nte &oa& ap&at Bn relief prin &%rparea
t42plelor+ o!ii 2ari+ p%3in &tilo(i+ ."""/ exa2ineaO l%2ea BnonD%rtoare % o aten3ie
Bnor)at+ prea%t+ )eOn)D)%it"L *enit &#l $iOiteOe la &anatori%+ ?elix A)era
&%rprin)e Pfanto2a ri&pat (i )eterioratL a %n%i a)ole&ent Bnfr4nt )e ti2p%ri%+ iar M"
5eEa&tian e ople(it )e ei P)oi o!i 2ari+ p%3in &tilo(i+ )ilata3i )e o l%nC in&o2nieL+
)e P$oea &%r)+ foarte rar aE%rit )e lar2i nepl4n&eL"
In p%3inii ani pe are i#a trit+ Ble!er &#a &tr)%it & &parC poDC!i3a &inC%rt3ii prin
&ri&ori+ $iOite (i on$er&a3ii % ei apropia3i" A ore&pon)at % 2%l3i &riitori (i oa2eni
)e %lt%r ai $re2ii+ intere&4n)%#&e )e tot e era no% Bn $ia3a literar+ er4n) infor2a3ii
(i p%n4n)%#&e la %rent % %lti2ele )e&operiri" A &!i2Eat &ri&ori % Ca2il BaltaOar+
Keo BoCOa+ L%ia De2etri%&+ Marietta 5a)o$a+ Mi!ail 5eEa&tian+ 5a(a Pan+ Cla%)e
A$eline+ An)re Breton+ Leon#Pa%l ?arC%e+ Mi!eline ?on)ane+ An)re Ki)e+ Martin
Qei)eCCer+ Ilarie *orona ("a"+ )e&pre are a (i &ri& Bn parte+ % )iferite oaOii"
Epi&tolele a% fo&t pentr% Ble!er n% )oar %n prileD )e in&tr%3ie (i )e infor2are+ i 2ai
% &ea2 )e o2%niare" A% fo&t pentr% el o (an& )e inteCrare &pirit%al+ o for2 )e a
fi Bn l%2e+ o ane&teOie a &%ferin3ei" A2rt%ri&it#o el Bn&%(i Bntr#o &ri&oare tre 5a(a
Pan+ r%ia i &e pl4nCea e BnonD%rat )e terea elorlal3i: PTerile Bn)el%nCate 2
&or2one& a)4n+ 2 )or (i na& Bn 2ine tot fel%l )e fanto2eL" i+ 2ai )eparte:
P5ri&oarea )$" 2i#a potolit o &ete (i 2i#a &2%l& )in piept o E%r%ianL .6 i%lie ,-70/"
?iin) o fiin3 %ltraCiat+ % o i)entitate fraCil (i )iOar2oni+ &%ferin) %n )efet )e
exi&ten3+ %2 ar &p%ne 5artre+ Ble!er a Bnerat & ia& )in aea&t prearitate
ontoloCi prin proietarea &a Bntr#o o2%niare ontin% % eilal3i" Rep%)iin) Eoala+
i2aCinea tr%p%l%i O%t+ or%pt )e &%ferin3+ pe are tot%(i l#a eretat % %n
rafina2ent aproape )ea)enti&t+ proOator%l &#a &tr)%it & &ape )e i)entitatea &a
&in)at !iar (i Bn $ia3a oEi(n%it+ a&%nO4n)%#&e n% o )at Bn &patele p&e%)oni2elor"
C%2 el Bn&%(i re%noa(te+ Ble!er a$ea o P2anie a 2(tilor (i tra$e&ti%rilorL+ &i23ea
ne$oia )e a fi %n alt%l .a &e2nat+ Bn pre&+ % p&e%)oni2ele Mi!ail Bera+ In#Interi2
("a"/ (i to2ai )e aeea+ Bntr#o &ri&oare+ Bl r%Ca pe 5a(a Pan & re&taEilea& a)e$r%l
ono2a&ti fa3 )e Keo BoCOa+ r%ia Bi a&%n&e&e n%2ele:
P*#a( fi re%no&tor )a a3i tran&2ite )#l%i Keo BoCOa 2%l3%2iri pentr% artea
po(tal" BiOara 2anie a 2(tilor (i a tra$e&ti%rilor 2#a f%t &#i in)i )rept n%2e %n
p&e%)oni2 oareare" * roC & re&taEili3i a)e$r%l"L
.- aprilie ,-70/
-
RADU G. EPOSU
m(mmm)*m++m+)m++m)+,m+++)m
5e2n tipi )e 2o)ernitate+ aea&t )i&oiere Bn on(tiin3 in)i o %tare feEril a %nei
realiti compensatoare, a unei soluii de exi&ten3" Niolae Manole&% a$ea )reptate 4n)
afir2a )e&pre Ble!er Pn% alteritatea e )%reroa&+ i ip&eitateaL" Proietarea Bn alte$a+
Bnerarea )e a &e &al$a )in riO+ ref%O%l propriei i)entit3i rnite $in Bn& )intr#o ip&eitate
prear+ )intr#o )ra2 onti" To2ai fiin) n% e BnOe&trat % $oa3ia &%ferin3ei+ Bn ter2enii
filo&ofii l%i Ha&per&+ )e(i I"JNeCoi3e&% )e&oper Bn Ble!er P%n &riitor )e tip
exi&ten3iali&tL+ a%tor%l (nt-mplrilor (n irealitatea imediat $a tatona &ol%3iile )e a Bnfr4nCe
)ra2a+ )e a re)oE4n)i inteCritatea ontoloCi+ )e a aD%nCe la %n e!iliEr% feriit" N#a f%t#o
Bn& % te!niile ro2anti&2%l%i #)e(i $iOi%nea orCanii&t )in proOa &a 2o(tene(te 2%lte )in
)etrit%&%rile ar2oniei ro2antie #+ 4t % proe)eele )ea)enti&2%l%i" Ca (i pentr% NietO&!e+
o2%l e&te pentr% Ble!er %n Pani2al fanta&tiL a r%i 2re3ie on&t Bn $oin3a &a )e il%Oie+ Bn
Papaitatea &a )e a on&tr%i o BntreaC re3ea )e onepte il%Oorii (i )e 2eani&2e Bn(eltoare+
are fal&ifi realitateaL+ BntreaCa oper a l%i Ble!er n% e&te alte$a )e4t %n tri%2f al il%Oiei
o2pen&atoare+ Bn toat plenit%)inea artifiialit3ii ei+ Bn toat exploOia ontrafaerii ei
fa&t%oa&e: PToat realitatea ontriE%ie 4teo)at la ro2anti&2%l (i propria ei fal&ifiare p4n la
artifiialitateL # &rie a%tor%l Bn &izuina luminat. EJeea e Niolae Manole&% n%2e(te+ m
.rca lui /oe, literat%r orinti+ Bn aea&t l%2e pop%lat )e flori artifiiale (i oroane
2ort%are+ )e &tat%ete ieftine )e E4li (i taElo%ri prf%ite+ )e Cra2ofoane (i $a&e )e faian3+ )e
pp%(i )in a%i% (i 2rCele+ )e pl%(%ri &o2noroa&e (i !4rtie reponat+ fiin3a rnit a l%i
Ble!er B(i a%t o no% a%tentiitate (i o no% o2oCenitate+ p%n4n) la Etaie toate re&ort%rile
ei inteCratoare" De4t o fiin3 2%tilat Bn realitatea )iOar2oni # pare & &p%n &riitor%l #+
2ai Eine o 2arionet a%tenti Bn E4li%l artifiial al l%2ii"
E6as)erarea crea"oare% M" Ble!er n#a l&at %n H%rnal )e rea3ieL+ %2 a f%t#o M"
5eEa&tian (i Mirea Elia)e la noi+ ori Ki)e (i T!o2a& Mann+ Bn are &#(i ri&taliOeOe o poeti
a proOei (i &#(i exp%n te!niile rea3iei" Nat%ra a%toEioCrafi a &ri&%l%i &%+ ton%l onfe&i$
al nara3iei+ )e&ele 2rt%ri&iri % are (i#a B2p4nOit proOa la& tot%(i &%fiiente po&iEilit3i )e a
reon&tit%i+ fie (i fraC2entar+ %n dosar de creaie. Ae&t P?ilotet a r%i $ia3 a Bn&e2nat %n
(ir al pati2ilorL # %2 l#a n%2it Niolae Balot # a fo&t fa&inat p4n la BnfriC%rare )e 2i&ter%l
i2penetraEil al rea3iei (i )e interioritatea fanta&t a tr%p%l%i+ r%ia i#a eretat toate analele
oE&%re+ toate a$it3ile a&%n&e &pate Bn arne"
5%r&a )e in&pira3ie a BntreCii opere a l%i Ble!er e&te+ in)i&%taEil+ experien3a trit" Boala+ pe
are a f%t#o expliit+ riOele )e pal%)i&2+ le(in%rile+ priOonierat%l &anatoriilor &%nt tot
at4tea prileD%ri )e onfe&i%ne" Mrt%ri&irea e o for2 )e exploatare a a)4ni2ilor fiin3ei+ %n
2o) )e a fi one&t % propria EioCrafie" 5ri&%l prel%nCe(te fi)el+ Bn paCin+ )4ra )e
&'
STUDIU INTRODUCTIV
&4nCe+ tre2%r%l 2%(!ilor+ !al%ina3ia+ )elir%l &enOorial" E o proietare feEril a
interiorit3ii Bn 3e&t%ra plp4n) a fraOelor+ o ep%iOare a fiin3ei+ o $lC%ire a ei" PIEt e
&ri% a fo&t 4n)$a $ia3 a)e$ratL # noteaO a%tor%l la Bnep%t%l &izuinii luminate.
Mai 2%lt Bn& )e4t fi)elitate a tran&rip3iei+ e aii o ne$oie a%t )e exp%lOare a
interiorit3ii Bn text+ )e o )i&loare a i)entit3ii+ )e o &po$e)anie )%reroa&" ReC&i2
ae&t efort aproape paroxi&ti (i la VafTa+ E%noar+ 2rt%ri&it fr ooli(%ri Bntr#o
&ri&oare tre ?elie Bla%er: PA &rie Bn&ea2n a te 2rt%ri&i pe&te 2&%r+ % o
&ineritate (i o )r%ire ne2rCinit"""L" 5ri&%l l%i Ble!er &ea2n % o $eCeta3ie
la%&tr: )in a)4ni2ile 24loa&e+ r)inile plantelor aE&orE BntreaCa &e$+ pentr% a )a
fa&t (i pro&pe3i2e florilor are pl%te& pe l%i%l apei"
TipoloCi+ proOa l%i Ble!er apar3ine+ a(a)ar+ )ire3iei a%tentii&te (i experi2entale+
literat%rii )e fat%r &%Eieti$+ onfe&i$+ pro2o$at (i teoretiOat la noi )e Ca2il
Petre&%" Aea&t apartenen3 a fo&t &e&iOat )eCraE )e K" Cline&%+ F" %l%3i%+
Ca2il BaltaOar+ F$" 5" Cro!2lniean% ("a" N%2ai Ble!er e preo%pat 2ai p%3in
)e n%an3ele infiniteOi2ale ale interiorit3ii+ )e )ina2ia &enti2ent%l%i+ )e $oltele )eli#
ate ale p&i!oloCiei" FE&e&iile proOator%l%i &%nt ima#inarul subiectivitii, 'antasmelor
interioritii, irealitatea halucinant a ad-ncimilor psihice, pro'unzimile
incon0tientului, spectacolul teri'iant al abisalului. Antenele proOator%l%i oEoar+ a
ni(te C!eare a&%3ite+ Bn 2aC2a t%lE%re a &%Eon(tient%l%i+ pentr% a &oate la &%prafa3
BntreaCa l%i fa%n pe&tri3+ &tri)ent (i ne$ero&i2il" Pentr% Ble!er+ l%2ea pe are
%$intele o a%t % exa&perri ep%iOante+ )e ani2al )e pra)+ e aeea a $i&%l%i" E&te
irealitatea imediat Bn are $ia3a oEi(n%it &e )e&poaie )e arnea ei fla& (i a2orf+
pentr% a r24ne Bn ipo&taOa Crote&#fa&inant )e &!elet+ )e fanto( ireal+ artifiial"
Realitatea # are e+ pentr% Ble!er+ o fiin3 Creoaie (i E%i2a # poart Bn p4nteele ei
Cer2enii $i&%l%i+ %n BntreC i2peri% )e proie3ii onirie" De&pre aea&t &%Etil onf%Oie
Bntre $eC!e (i o(2ar afl2 o 2rt%ri&ire e)ifiatoare Bn &izuina luminat1
P>r2re& )e 2ai 2%l3i ani Bn $i& o a3i%ne e re$ine Bn aela(i )eor (i pe are+ )a o
Bn&e2n aii+ Bn 2o2ent%l )e fa3+ Bn n% pot )i&erne prea Eine Bn are D%2tate a
$ie3ii 2ele &e petree ea Bn fon)+ pentr% exat aeea(i ontin%itate+ &a% 2ai Eine
&p%&+ aeea(i )i&ontin%itate a $ie3ii exi&t (i Bn l%2ina aea&ta Bn are &ta% &%f%n)at
4n) &ri%+ a (i Bn laritatea aeea a Oilei Bn are &e petre EiOarele (i 2elanoliele
fapte )in W$i&XL"
Bn ae&t p%nt+ M" Ble!er &e Bnt4lne(te % i)eile 2anife&tate ale &%prareali(tilor+ )e a
ror fer$oare+ Bn epo+ t4nr%l &riitor n#a fo&t to2ai &trin+ )ar (i % 2it%rile
)ea)en3ei are op%n realit3ii &rite+ lip&ite )e &%E&tan3+ )e$italiOate+ o l%2e a
aparen3elor+ iOelat+ artifiial+ ontraf%t+ prin are %rCe &4nCele alEa&tr% al
fi3i%nii" La $re2ea 4n) &riitor%l &e Bnera Bn ele )int4i pro)%3ii literare+ artiole
f%l2inante+
&&
RADU G. TEPOSU
B(
)e orientare a$anCar)i&t+ fea% apoloCia $i&%l%i+ er4n) &riitorilor & a)% Bn
textele lor P$i&%l tr&net are & )e&pie fiin3a (i &#i re$eleOe o alt l%2e+ ."""/ $i&%l
2ai )e &%E&tan3+ 2ai &r4(nit+ mai edi'icator dec-t (ns0i realitatea .&"n"/L" Profe&4n)
el Bn&%(i oniri&2%l .at4t Bn poeOie (i proO+ 4t (i Bn )e&enele pe are le exe%t % o
24n %i2itor )e &iC%r/+ Ble!er %ta Bntot)ea%na fri&on%l ree al l%i)it3ii+ apaEil
& pro)% perplexitatea+ %i2irea BnC!e3at+ &t%poarea" P4n)ea P)e2en3a aeea la ree+
perfet liOiEil (i e&en3ialL+ are &#i failiteOe tran&p%nerea Bn literat%r a ten&i%nii )in
pit%ra l%i 5al$a)or Dali .&ri&oarea tre 5a(a Pan )in 6 i%lie ,-70/" PoeOiile (i
&!i3ele &ale 2ai % &ea2 2,errant, 3on Jazz, Jenic, I4-5i4-6i4 ("a"/ a% e$a )in
Pextra$aCan3ele !ipere&tetie ale ira3ionalit3ii oretateL+ pe are le %lti$a pitor%l
&paniol+ $iOiEile % pre)ere Bn )e%plaD%l i2aCinii+ )e o Crat%itate &tri)ent (i
alofil+ Bn a&oierile )eonertante )e &i2Eol%ri (i repreOentri"
Inon(tient%l e+ a(a)ar+ %n teritori% pri$ileCiat pentr% rea3ia Ele!erian" E&te
)epoOitar%l t%t%ror !i2erelor+ &%r&a i2aCinar%l%i+ o2E%&tia )i&%r&%l%i narati$+
oriCinea )elir%l%i Eine te2perat are ali2enteaO re$ela3ia (i in&pira3ia" N% e $orEa )e
o in&pira3ie )e tip ro2anti+ )e &orCinte 2aCi (i extati+ i )e %na pro$oat prin
te!niile extro$ertirii+ ale )i&lorii &trat%rilor CeoloCie ale aEi&al%l%i" Re&ort%rile
inti2e ale inon(tient%l%i l#a% preo%pat+ )e altfel+ pe a%tor+ Bn )in anii )e (oal+
)%p %2 afl2 )intr#o Bn&e2nare r2a& Bn 2an%&ri&:
PP%terea inon(tient%l%i e&te foarte 2are" >n inon(tient Eine orCaniOat ."""/ ne poate
a)%e i)ei la are on(tient%l no&tr% n#ar fi aD%n& niio)at" A&tfel+ iteO )o%
2anife&tri arateri&tie ale ae&tei p%teri: re$ela3ia (i in&pira3ia"L
ProOa l%i Ble!er p%ne+ a(a)ar+ prea p%3in pre3 pe realitate" PPo$e&titor%l l%i M"
Ble!er # &p%ne Niolae Manole&% # n% D%r pe realitate+ i pe irealitate"L At4ta 4t
e&te+ aea&ta ptr%n)e Bn $i&+ &e e&to2peaO+ &e tope(te Bn retortele onirismului critic,
B(i pier)e ont%rile" LoCia narator%l%i D%p%ie(te Bnt42plrile )e pielea lor atifelat+
l&4n)%#le Bn ipo&taO )e eor(e%+ )e fapte &4nCer4n)e+ ele Bn&ele aproape ireale+
aproape fanta&te" Narator%l )in &izuina luminat 2rt%ri&e(te el Bn&%(i )ifi%ltatea )e a
tra&a o Crani3 fer2 Bntre frea2t%l $ie3ii (i Bnre2enirea fa&t%oa& a repreOentrilor
)in $i&:
PC% 2are 2irare+ 4n) reite& e#a2 &ri&+ reC&e& Bn ele po$e&tite exatitatea
Bnt42plrilor are &#a% petre%t Bn realitate+ B2i e&te at4t )e Cre% & le )eCaDeO )e ele
e n% &#a% Bnt42plat niio)at@ E&te at4t )e Cre% & le %r3 )e OC%ra )e $i&%ri+ )e
interpretri (i )e )efor2ri la are le#a2 &%p%&+ Bn fieare lip+ B2i $in Bn 2inte alte
i2aCini+ alte re$erii &a% &i2ple $iOi%ni &e)%toare pe are treE%ie & le Bn)eprteO
pentr% a p&tra po$e&tirii 2ele oareare loCi (i la %r2 &%nt pri2%l are 2 2ir
eea e a2 &ri& poate fi inteliCiEil" Dar a( $rea 4teo)at &#2i Bn&e2n
&)
STUDIU INTRODUCTIV
(i toate re$eriile (i toate $i&ele not%rne pentr% a )a % a)e$rat i2aCinea $iO%inii
l%2inate are &t Bnf%n)at Bn Bnt%neri%l 2e% el 2ai fa2iliar (i el 2ai inti2"
Poate $oi p%tea &rie o)at toate Bnt42plrile )in $i& tot at4t )e pa&ionante a (i ele
)in $ia3+ poate Bn& for3ele B2i $or &lEi (i n% $oi 2ai p%tea &rie )elo"""
Bn ae&t aO+ 2i#ar prea r% & n% fi on&e2nat )e exe2pl% (i $i&%ri are 2#a% a2%Oat
&a% 2#a% fa&inat % 2%lt 2ai inten& pa&i%ne )e4t $ia3a realit3ii"L
PC%noa(terea ira3ionalL )e tip &%prareali&t are %n e!i$alent+ la ni$el%l at%l%i p%r al
&riit%rii+ Bn eea e a2 n%2it onirism critic, te!ni a ira3ionalit3ii rei )e orCaniOare
a i2aCinar%l%i epi" De(i proOa l%i Ble!er e&te in%n)at )e i2en&e re&%r&e )e
poetiitate+ a$4n) 2%lt )in &til%l l%&tr%it (i pe)ant al 2arilor )ea)en3i+ a%tor%l n%
re&pinCe ere2onioa&a o2e)ie a 2efien3ei fa3 )e %$4nt: Pi a&tfel )e fo&fore&en3e
pier)%te pentr% tot)ea%na Bn noapte+ fr &en&+ &%nt (i r4n)%rile (i fraOele 2eleL # &rie
el % %n &oi )e )%io(ie iporit+ Bn realitate+ Ble!er e %n rafinat+ %n fin %lti$ator )e
i2aCini+ %n proOator % %lt%l pla&tiit3ii (i al )etali%l%i e2Ele2ati: PC%$intele
oEi(n%ite n% &%nt $alaEile la an%2ite a)4ni2i &%flete(ti+ Bner & )efine& exat
riOele 2ele (i n% C&e& )e4t i2aCiniL # noteaO Bn (nt-mplri (n irealitatea imediat.
i+ 2ai )eparte: PC%2 p%tea2 &#o fa & Bn3eleaC .pe E))a+ n"n"/ &%nt %n opaY
Era )e tran&2i& Bn %$inte+ i2ateriale (i infor2e+ prin aer+ o oroan )e ra2%ri (i
fr%nOe+ &%perE (i enor2+ a(a %2 o &i23ea2 Bn 2ine"L Aii n% e $orEa at4t )e %n
ref%O al alofiliei+ )e %n )i&pre3 &%$eran fa3 )e arti&tiitate .%2 a$e2+ E%noar+ la
5artre (i Ki)e/+ i )i2potri$+ )e o i&pitire a %$intelor+ )e o &tare )e p4n) liri p4n
4n) ae&tea &e i$e& Bn BntreaCa &plen)oare a inflore&en3ei lor" C!iar )a Ble!er
&rie extre2 )e Cre%+ P% o BnfriC%rare a&%3it la extre2L .&ri&oarea tre 5a(a Pan
)in ; i%lie ,-70/+ trin) Bntot)ea%na o &tare )e exa&perare reatoare+ %2 ar fi Oi& Keo
BoCOa+ fraOa &a are+ )i2potri$+ &trl%iri )ia2antine+ fo(niri 2t&oa&e+ o &enO%alitate
)e atifea+ are &%nt )eparte )e &riit%ra n%) a a$anCar)i(tilor+ )e&rnat (i re)%& la
)ite%" De&rierea %n%i par+ E%noar+ Bn &izuina luminat, are e$a )in i2aCinile
$iio& iOelate ale l%i Ern&t HlinCer )in Pe 'alezele de marmur1
P*a&ele era% )e faian3 alEa&tr )e oEalt+ iar plantele )in ele % fr%nOele CalEene a
l24ia at4rna% B2preD%r a o a)2iraEil oaf%r $eCetal+ iar ontra&t%l )intre alEa&tr%l
prof%n) (i CalEen%l $i% al fr%nOelor le ))ea %n a&pet )e extraor)inar fine3e (i %n
far2e ne&p%&L"
A&tfel )e fraC2ente &%nt nen%2rate Bn proOa l%i Ble!er (i ele arat + )eparte )e a fi
%lti$ator%l %n%i li2EaD analiti+ &peialiOat (i )enotati$+ el e&te %n $ol%pto& al i2aCinii
&enO%ale+ %n pratiian al nara3i%nii l%x%riante+ l%rate Bn filiCran+ B2EiEate )e &e$e (i
aro2e pe are a2intirea
,7
"""""""""" RADU G. EPOSU
real%l%i n% le 2ai poate re&%&ita" Iat o &inC%r fraO )e Inimi cicatrizate, Bn are
tiet%ra i2aCinii are &trl%iri 2anieri&te: PLa o otit%r Bntre )o% (ir%ri )e a&e Bnalte
apr% o lip+ Bn f%n)+ linia aO%rie (i &trl%itoare a oean%l%i %lat pe ni&ip a o
&pa) arOtoareL" 5a% aea&t re2e2orare tan)r )in &izuina luminat1
PBn pli2Erile 2ele la 3ar a2 f%t 2%lte )e&operiri (i 2i#a2 atra& 2%l3i prieteni+
fe2ei Co&po)ine+ &i2ple (i El4n)e+ are trCea% tr&%ra Bn %rtea Co&po)riei pentr% a#
2i arta fie p%i )e iep%re noi n&%3i+ % Eoti(or%l roO (i tan)r% a o petal )e tran)afir
%)at )e ro% Oorilor+ fie 4te $reo Cin &tra(ni o%toare"""L"
A%tentiitatea+ at4ta 4t e Bn proOa l%i M" Ble!er+ 3ine )e fon)%l ei onfe&i$ (i )e
nat%ra a%toEioCrafi a nara3i%nii" 5tili&ti+ Bn&+ ro2anele (i &!i3ele &ale onl%reaO
te2eini la Bnte2eierea %n%i i2aCinar e2ina2ente arti&ti+ oniri Bn &en& &%prareali&t+
artifiial Bn &en& )ea)enti&t"
I2aCinea Bn&(i a orp%l%i+ Colit )e on3in%t ontoloCi+ a&%n)e %n topo& 2anieri&t+ al
fiin3ei re)%&e la anato2ia $a%+ fr p%l&i%nile $ie3ii+ fr ex%ltant fiOioloCi" E&te
i2aCinea ael%i homo bulla, Bn &patele reia C!ii2 %n ni!ili&2 exi&ten3ial+ 2a&
#oal, lip&it )e ont%r%l real al fe3ei" Iat )e&rierea ae&tei fiin3e $i)e+ fr
interioritate &%fletea&+ Bn &izuina luminat. Corp%l e )oar %n 2%laD+ 2enit &
&%E&tit%ie realitate p%l&atil+ %n )eor pe o &en in$a)at )e per&onaDe )e panopti%2:
PC4n) &ta% )%p#a2iaOa Bn Cr)in+ Bn &oare+ (i Bn!i) o!ii+ 4n) &%nt &inC%r (i Bn!i)
o!ii ori 4n) Bn 2iDlo%l %nei on$er&a3ii B2i tre 24na pe&te oEraO (i &tr4nC
pleoapele+ reC&e& Bntot)ea%na aeea(i Z Bnt%nei2e ne&iC%r+ aeea(i a$ern
inti2 (i %no&%t+ aeea(i $iO%in D l)%3 (i il%2inat )e pete (i i2aCini
nelare+ are e&te interior%l tr%p%l%i 2e%+ on3in%t%l Wper&oaneiX 2ele )e W)inoaeX
)e pieleL"
L%2ea proOei l%i Ble!er e %n &pa3i% al il%Oiei 24nt%itoare+ Bn are fiin3a %lerat
trie(te %lti2a &peran3 a inteCralit3ii ei" Bn l%2ina pali) a a2%rC%l%i+ per&onaD%l%i
ae&tei proOe $i&eaO o exi&ten3 &%El%nar"
Ro(a#/l a/"o!io7ra8ic% La Bnep%t%l &eol%l%i al 99#lea+ 4n) literat%ra B(i %ta o
no% &tr%t%r+ D%rnal%l inti2 )e$eni&e oEiet%l %nor )i&p%te aprin&e+ Cener4n) 4n)
)eniCrri $iolente+ 4n) ple)oarii l)%roa&e" N% re&%re3ia ae&t%i Cen era a(teptat
.)e(i eloOi%nea ro2anti a Bn&e2nrilor Oilnie intra&e Bntr#o no% etap/+ 4t
po&iEilitatea )e on$ertire a D%rnal%l%i Bn literat%r propri%#Oi&+ )e &%E2inare a
fiOiono2iei &ale on&arate (i )e a&i2ilare a ae&t%ia )e tre noile Pfor2eL literare"
Di&%3iile )e$enir at4t )e aprin&e+ Bn4t p4n (i %nele per&onaDe a$ea% & partiipe la
aea&t PeartL teoreti" 5[ann+ )in %no&%t%l ro2an al l%i Pro%&t+ anCaDat Bntr#o
)i&%3ie )eliat+ 3ine & fa o )i&tin3ie Bntre H%rnal%l a)2iraEil &ri&L+ pre%2 aela
al l%i 5aint#5i2on+ (i
&*
STUDIU INTRODUCTIV
H%rnalele plitioa&eL" D%4n) 2ai )eparte )e2on&tra3ia Bntr#o eleCant 2anier
e&ei&ti+ &%Etil%l per&onaD C&e(te )e %$iin3 & )ea o repli &a$ant %nei inter$en3ii
ano)ine a 2t%(ii Celine+ repro(4n) D%rnalelor exe&%l )e Pl%r%ri neBn&e2nateL+ are e
o for2 )e &terilitate epi" A(a)ar+ n% for2%la D%rnalier a literat%rii pre)i&p%&e la
a%tenitate e inri2inat+ i D%rnal%l a &%2 )e nota3ii in&ipi)e+ fr oriOont%l i)eii (i
fr an$erC%r"
C%no&4n) o Bn)el%nCat proliferare+ D%rnal%l a$ea & irite Bntr#at4t on(tiin3a ititorilor
(i a ritiii+ Bn4t orie oper apleat &pre experien3a inti2 era &%&petat )e
antonarea nep%tinioa& Bn aea&t for2%l epi" Nep%tin3a )i&oierii )e$eni repe)e
o2plex )e inferioritate+ iar rOE%narea a$% )rept 3int literat%ra+ Bn are &e $e)ea prea
a)e&ea o &i2pl al!iere a D%rnal%l%i" A&tfel+ tot e &e po$e&tea la per&oana Bnt4i era
taxat )rept &i2pl% )o%2ent+ iar ei a$iOi )e Pa)e$rL Bnep%r in$e&tiCa3ia
2in%3ioa&+ Bn lo & )% la o onl%Oie prei&+ &t4rnea% ne)%2eriri+ 2ari Bn%rt%ri
(i a2Ei3ii repetate" 5e (tie Bn& + tot Bn aea $re2e+ literat%ra )elan(a&e o rO$rtire
f3i( B2potri$a nor2elor la&ie+ a nara3i%nii pretin& oEieti$e" Relatarea o2ni&ient
a$ea & fie Bnlo%it % %na &%Eieti$ (i par3ial+ Bn& to2ai prin aea&ta 2ai
re)itaEil" Ro2an%l )e tip EalOaian n#a &%o2Eat+ )ar+ on%rat )e Pno%a &tr%t%rL+
el (i#a pier)%t pre&tiCi%l )inainte" Ton%l &!i2Erii l#a )at+ la noi+ Ca2il Petre&%+ Bn
%no&%t%l e&e% /oua structur 0i opera lui 5arcel Proust. I)eile %prin&e aolo &%nt
prea %no&%te a & le 2ai repet" 5 re3ine2 )oar relatarea la per&oana Bnt4i a&iC%r
o P&%pre2 one&titate )e $iOi%neL (i+ prin aea&ta+ a%tentiitatea nara3i%nii"
Re&tr4nCerea per&peti$ei naratoriale al%nC )in proO ael po$e&titor aE&trat+ l&4n)
tot%l pe &ea2a per&onaD%l%i are e+ Bn eCal 2&%r+ protaConi&t (i narator al propriilor
Bnt42plri" ProEle2a re)iEilit3ii retorie &e 2%t+ a&tfel+ Bn ea a re)iEilit3ii epie"
Tri%2f%l )ire3iei a%tentiit3ii Bn literat%r n#a iOE%tit & o2pro2it+ tot%(i+ for2%la
D%rnal%l%i .are a ontin%at & fie la 2are in&te/+ )ar i#a a&i2ilat &tr%t%rile+
)iCer4n)%#le (i tran&for24n)%#le Bn noi te!nii ro2ane(ti" P4n la o2oloCarea
onfe&iei n%)e+ i2p%)ie+ are a t%lE%rat firile iporite+ no%a literat%r a a$%t )e l%ptat
% preD%)e3ile" Tot e era &%&pet )e a%tentiitate+ )e &%Eieti$itate )e(n3at+ era
)eCraE )i&re)itat (i a%Oat )e P2rt%ri&ire ner%(inatL" A$% lo a&tfel+ (i la noi+ o
2i eart Bntre Ptri$ialiL .a)ep3ii a%tentiit3ii+ repreOenta3i )e &riitori/ (i Pp%)iiL
.ritiii % reOer$e+ %nele % a)e$rat Bnte2eiate+ 2ai p%3in )i&p%(i & pro2o$eOe noile
experi2ente/"
Bn fapt+ ontro$er&a p%rtat Bn pri2ele )eenii ale &eol%l%i pe &ea2a a)$er&it3ii )intre
a%tentiitate (i fi3i%ne $iOa+ Bn alt plan+ opoOi3ia )intre D%rnal (i ro2an" Neafl4n)%#&e
li2itele experien3ei per&onale Bn literat%r+ n% &e p%tea% &taEili nii Crani3ele )intre ele
)o% for2%le epie" MaDoritatea inter$en3iilor ritie .ori p%Elii&tie/ pe aea&t te2
onf%n)a
,;
RADU G. EPOSU
no%l ro2an+ e onD%Ca experien3a pro%&tian % ea Ci)ian+ % &tr%t%ra D%rnal%l%i+
a&i2ilat )e ae&ta" Cine n#are rE)area+ E%noar+ & $a) Bn Paludes al l%i Ki)e %n
ro2an are folo&e(te te!nia p%nerii Bn aEi& poate taxa )eCraE artea )rept D%rnal"
Cine ref%O & $a) Bn 7reaa l%i 5artre %n ro2an )e&pre )eOC%&t%l )e a fi Bl poate
re)%e %(or la %n D%rnal Bn are Antoine RoS%entin B(i on&e2neaO 2elanoliile+
le(in%rile (i !al%ina3iile" P4n e D%rnal%l (i a%toEioCrafia & fie a&%2ate )e ro2an+
literat%ra onfe&i$ a fo&t Bn)el%nC &tiC2atiOat (i on&i)erat o r%) &ra a
nara3i%nii la&ie"
Nii M" Ble!er n#a &pat )e pla&a preD%)e3ilor" El a fo&t on&i)erat+ pe r4n)+ fie %n
Eolna$ ref%Ciat Bn literat%r .eea e e a)e$rat p4n la %n p%nt/+ fie %n i2p%)i )in
&tirpea nat%rali(tilor+ preo%pat &#(i ex!iEe )%rerile+ riOele+ on$%l&iile"
Re%no&4n)%#i#&e l%i Ble!er o a%itate a tririlor neoEi(n%it+ n% i &#a re%no&%t+ Bn
&!i2E+ p4n t4rOi%+ (i p%terea )e a#(i orCaniOa epi $iOi%nile" Retien3a fa3 )e proOa
l%i Ble!er aii B(i are 2oti$a3ia: Bn re)%erea filo&ofii la %n &i2pl% &enti2ent al
exi&ten3ei+ la trirea on$%l&i$" La oriCinea neBn3eleCerii &t o onf%Oie teoreti"
5it%at &%E Oo)ia D%rnal%l%i ori a literat%rii )e frontier+ proOa l%i Ble!er a fo&t pri$it
a %n experi2ent in&olit+ Bn)eaD%n& )e pro$oator a & n% fie iCnorat+ prea ionola&t
a & fie o2oloCat )e literat%ra a)e$rat" De&pre (nt-mplri (n irealitatea imediat
.,-7\/+ Po2pili% Con&tantine&% nota Pn% e %n ro2an+ )ar nii %n e&e%+ n% e %n
poe2 (i nii %n D%rnal inti2L" ?or2%la !iEri) a ae&tei proOe .i ni2i )in epoa
tra)i3ional n% reC&i2 Bn &rierile l%i Ble!er/ i#a Bn)e2nat la pr%)en3 pe aproape
to3i o2entatorii" ProOa Ele!erian a fo&t alifiat+ prin %r2are+ a fiin) H%rnal inti2L
.Fta$ %l%3i%/+ Pat )e eliEerare+ a orie onfe&i%neL .Mi!ail 5eEa&tian/+ H%rnal )e
nota3ii inti2eL .Din% Pillat/+ Pr3i )e onfe&i%neL+ P%n fel )e D%rnal inti2L .E%Cenia
T%)or Anton/" Al3i o2entatori a% eOitat & n%2ea& o for2%l narati$ prei&+
$orEin) 4n) )e Pliterat%r onfe&ional )e %lti2 e2i&i%ne a noii Cenera3iiL .E"
Lo$ine&%/+ 4n) )e H%rnal%l oEieti$at al %n%i per&onaDL .Ca2il BaltaOar/" Toate
ae&te inertit%)ini $in )in a&i2ilarea aE%Oi$ a epicului % romanescul. A(a %2
exi&t %n ro2ane& al i)eii .for2%la Bi apar3ine l%i Niolae Manole&%/+ tot a&tfel exi&t
%n%l al tririi+ al $ie3ii interioare" Deo&eEirea e 2ai 2%lt )e oEiet al nara3i%nii )e4t )e
2o)alitate a narrii" 5#a% &!i2Eat )oar plan%l oE&er$a3iei+ per&peti$a narator%l%i"
?apt%l proOator%l B(i rer%teaO 2ateria epi )in propria experien3 .are n% 2ai
are+ )eoa2)at+ pre&tiCi%l 2arilor te2e &oiale/ are prea p%3in i2portan3" E&en3iale
&%nt arti&tiitatea )i&%r&%l%i (i+ 2ai % &ea2+ on&i&ten3a ro2ane& a i2aCinar%l%i+
orCaniOarea epi a tririlor"
Bnainte )e a Bn!i)e proOa l%i Ble!er Bn a)rele %nei for2%le+ & $e)e2 Bn e 2&%r
ataloCarea ei a Pepi )e analiO p&i!oloCiL .E"
&+
STUDIU INTRODUCTIV
Lo$ine&%/+ a literat%r a Pexperien3elorL .K" Cline&%+ F$" 5" Cro!2lniean%/ e %
a)e$rat Bnte2eiat+ Bn entr%l t%t%ror Bnt42plrilor )in ro2anele l%i Ble!er .le $oi
n%2i a&tfel p4n $o2 on$eni a&%pra nat%rii epie/ &t orp%l+ tr%p%l po$e&titor%l%i+
Bnainte )e a perepe l%2ea prin aE&tra3ii+ prin ra3iona2ente (i no3i%ni+ narator%l o
re&i2te e2piri+ printr#%n &oi )e fri&on orCani+ printr#o ex%ltant a tr%p%l%i" 5i23%rile
B(i trie& fer$oarea+ &l)4n) fiin3a Bn efl%$ii &enOoriale" E 2o2ent%l )e Eeatit%)ine (i
extaO+ 4n) l%i)itatea+ reflexi$itatea+ oE&er$a3ia &%nt BnE%(ite )e paroxi&2%l orp%l%i"
Ae&t )%El% reCi&tr% l#a oE&er$at foarte Eine Fta$ %l%3i%+ Bntr#%n o2entari% la
(nt-mplri1 PEro%l ae&tei r3i trie(te Bn per2anen3 Bn pt%ra &%fletea& %n)e
2aterial%l &enOorial Bnepe & &e tran&for2e Bn fapt aE&trat+ p&i!oloCi+ )ar n% &#a
)e&prin& Bn )e arater%l 2aterial al realit3ii" E o $ia3 a &i23%rilor pe !otar%l %n)e
ele Bnep & trea Bn aE&tra3ii+ Bn no3i%ni (i Bn &enti2ente" Ero%l trie(te % o!ii+ %
%re!ile+ % na&%l+ % pielea+ % to3i porii+ % li2Ea" Toate &i23%rile a% o a&%3i2e
neoEi(n%it+ patoloCi" i a%tor%l e+ Bn aela(i ti2p+ )e o fin l%i)itate"L
Da e a)e$rat e &p%nea *alerN+ partea ea 2ai prof%n) a o2%l%i e pielea &a+
$o2 Bn3eleCe 2ai Eine )e e proOa l%i Ble!er e o epopee a &i23%rilor Bn alert+ a
orp%l%i iritat )e realitate" Aii+ la ni$el &enOorial+ fiin3a trie(te il%Oia inteCrrii+ a
ie(irii )in ip&eitatea Eolna$+ a f%Oi%nii % orCani%l" Experien3a+ Bn proOa l%i Ble!er+
are+ a(a)ar+ &en&%l )e %tare a %nei &ol%3ii )e exi&ten3+ %n &en& &oterioloCi" N% 2ai
a$e2 )e#a fae % experi2ent%l nat%rali(tilor+ n&%t )in ontrol%l tririlor EaOat pe
ra3iona2ent+ %2 pretin)ea Cla%)e Bernar)+ Bn a &a Introducere (n studiul medicinei
e4perimentale. Nat%rali(tilor le#a% lip&it Bntot)ea%na &enti2ent%l Bn)oielii Bn propriile
lor oE&er$a3ii+ )ar (i Bnlina3ia tre analiO" A% a$%t 2i&tia e$i)en3ei (i preD%)eata
fapt%l%i a)e$rat+ %2 Oie <ola"
Nii analiO Bn &en&%l %rat al %$4nt%l%i n% afl2 Bn ro2anele l%i Ble!er" 5tarea )e
onentrare a narator%l%i+ $ein a)e&ea % perplexitatea+ n% are Bn $e)ere o
&%Eieti$itate )e nat%r p&i!oloCi" Interioritatea+ inti2itatea &%nt pri$ite Bn lat%ra lor
onret+ anato2i (i fiOioloCi+ iar n% Bn aeea i2pon)eraEil" Niolae Manole&%
are )in no% )reptate 4n) on&tat intro&pe3ia Pn% 2ai are Bn $e)ere fiin3a
e2o3ional &a% reflexi$+ a&%n& Bn a)4n%l &%flet%l%i+ i pare a preCti re$elarea %nei
fiin3e )e arne (i oa&e+ aflat W)inoaeX )e piele+ Bntr#o interioritate p%r fiOiL" ?iin)
o riO )e nat%r onti+ n% p&i!oloCi+ &pirit%l analiti are+ la Ble!er+ Bn3ele&%l )e
)en%n3 al prearit3ii fiin3ei+ )e &on)are a infir2it3ii ontoloCie"
Ceea e )eo&eEe(te ro2anele l%i Ble!er )e $ariantele BnC%&t#a%toEioCrafie ale
literat%rii e+ Bnt4i )e toate+ aE&en3a a eea e P!ilippe LeDe%ne+ %n &peiali&t al Cen%l%i+
n%2e(te Ppat%l referen3ialL" 5pre )eo&eEire )e for2ele fi3i%nii+ EioCrafia (i
a%toEioCrafia &%nt texte
,-t./(0ri ,- ir12(it2t12 i.13i2t0
,6
RADU G. EPOSU
referen3iale+ Bnto2ai a (i )i&%r&%l (tiin3ifi &a% i&tori # &p%ne 2: )eparte
erettor%l" PretinO4n) a f%rniOa infor2a3ii )e&pre realitate ae&tea &%port ori4n)
proEa $erifirii" Da n% p%ne2 la &ooteal onfe&i%nea aEr%pt % are &e )e&!i)e
&izuina luminat, &%Eintit%lat+ )e altfel+ Jurnal de sanatoriu .PTot e &ri% a fo&t
4n)$a $ia3 a)e$ratL/+ # are (i aea&ta poate fi on&i)erat %n tr% literar+ % are
2o)ernii ne#a% oEi(n%it Bn exe& #+ p%3ine+ prea p%3ine &%nt )etaliile EioCrafie le&ne )e
$erifiat" 5 reapit%l2: Eoala .P2orE%l l%i PottL/+ ele )o% &anatorii .BerT &%r Mer+
LeN&in/ &%nt infor2a3ii prea $aCi (i prea lip&ite )e rele$an3+ a & inl%)e2 proOa l%i
Ble!er Bn ateCoria textelor referen3iale+ BntreaCa 2aterie epi a ro2anelor
intere&eaO prin &e2nifia3ia ei exi&ten3ial+ iar n% prin aeea )o%2entar .are e
re&orEit Bn pla&2a tririlor (i a $iOi%nilor/" Po2pili% Con&tantine&% oE&er$a+ %
fine3e+ aea&t &eparare a plan%rilor+ are ne B2pie)i & a&i2il2 aE%Oi$ %n text )e
fi3i%ne % %n%l )o%2entar:
PA)e$rata realitate e#n plan%l &pirit%l%i' ro2ane&%l e&te o )at &!e2ati+ &%2ar+
pentr% %noa(terea )e &ine" ."""/ Qal%ina3ia l%i) oor)oneaO+ leaC l%ntri (i
in$iOiEil %n fil2 retrit Bn &pirit+ a pe %n 2aCi eran" Aii treE%ie & %t2 $aloarea
literar a r3ii )#l%i Ble!er"L
De altfel+ !iar narator%l )in &izuina luminat, Bn i%)a preten3iei )elarate )e a
re&peta a%tentiitatea faptelor+ re%noa(te la %n 2o2ent )at Bi e&te tot 2ai Cre% &
&taEilea& Crani3a Bntre real%l trit (i el $i&at:
PBntot)ea%na+ Bn)at e $rea% & )eli2iteO teren%l $i&%l%i (i &#l )iferen3ieO )e aela al
realit3ii+ 2 Bn%r (i treE%ie & ren%n3L"
i apoi+ e Bn&ea2n a)e$rat (i a%tenti Bn proOY >n o(2ar+ %n $i&+ o !al%ina3ie pot
fi a)e$rate Bn raport % interioritatea el%i are le trie(te+ fiin) a%tentie pentr%
narator" 5i2ple fi3i%ni pentr% ititor+ ele pot fi $ero&i2ile Bn& Bn or)ine arti&ti+ (i
ae&ta e riteri%l el 2ai i2portant at%ni 4n) D%)e2 opera %n%i &riitor"
Bn fine+ eea e Bn)eprteaO 2%lt proOa l%i Ble!er )e &peia D%rnal%l%i e (i on(tiin3a
)e a%tor pe are o C&i2 expliit for2%lat Bn &izuina luminat1
PPentr% n% &ri% Bn& aea&t arte nii pentr% onfort%l 2e% &%flete& (i nii pentr%
ael al etitor%l%i+ $oi po$e&ti (i aea&t Bnt42plare oriEil (i Denant pentr% 2ine+ a (i
pentr% aeea are a a$%t )e &%ferit )e pe %r2a eiL"
Fr+ pentr% Alain Kirar)+ are a on&arat D%rnal%l%i %n 2e)i% re2araEil+ (n 8e Journal
intime .,-\7/+ ei are 3in Bn&e2nri Oilnie Pn% pretin) niio)at a% a on&tr%i o
operL" De&pre a%tentiitatea o2porta2ent%l%i )e &riitor al l%i Ble!er e+ prin
%r2are+ )e pri&o& a 2ai fae preiOri" 5 a2inti2 )oar o e$oare a l%i 5a(a Pan
)e&pre feErilitatea % are proOator%l B(i petreea nop3ile la 2a&a )e &ri&+ % tot
pateti&2%l ei e)%lorat:
&%
STUDIU INTRODUCTIV
PM" Ble!er itea+ &ria+ tran&ria )e nen%2rate ori (i+ 2ai ale& Bn nop3ile )e
B2Eel(%Cate in&o2nii+ C4n)ea" I)eile l%i a% l%at for2e tran&parente+ iar 2intoarele
&%ferin3e+ %n)%ioa&e &trl%iri )e arCint (i Cra$itatea i2pre&ionant a pi&%rilorL"
Tre pe&te %n alt riteri% )e )eli2itare &taEilit )e Alain Kirar) .D%rnal%l e %n text &ri&
POi )e OiL/+ Bntr%4t a )e$enit prea relati$ a & 2ai poat fi l%at Bn &ea2+ pentr% a
a2inti %na )in oE&er$a3iile ele 2ai pertinente are ne aD%t & p%ne2 )i&%3ia Bn
ter2eni ore3i" H%rnal%l #&p%ne erettor%l M &e Bnte2eiaO pe %n P&enti2ent al
exi&ten3eiL are n% e o filo&ofie (i nii o onep3ie oerent a&%pra $ie3ii" Per&onaD%l#
narator al l%i Ble!er )in (nt-mplri (n irealitatea imediat (i &izuina luminat, a (i
E2an%el din Inimi cicatrizate, trie(te+ )i2potri$+ o riO ontoloCi+ o o&ila3ie
)%reroa& Bntre &enti2ent%l in)eter2inrii+ )e nat%r exi&ten3iali&t+ (i a&pira3ia
orCanii&t" 5en&%l t%t%ror riOelor+ al o(2arelor+ al $iOi%nilor onirie+ al freneOiei
&enOoriale+ al )elir%l%i )in proOa l%i Ble!er &t Bn )ra2a+ Bn nep%tin3a protaConi&t%l%i
)e a#(i re)oE4n)i P%nitatea ontoloCiL+ )e a#(i repta a%tentiitatea exi&ten3ial+
%2 &p%ne Qei)eCCer" ?iin3a e alterat+ fiin) l%2ea e&te ina%tenti+ iar Bntr#o
exi&ten3 or%pt &inC%ra (an& a fiin3ei e )e a tri reifiarea a pe o a )o%a nat%r"
Ce &%nt+ tot%(i+ ro2anele l%i Ble!er+ )a nii literat%r referen3ial (i nii D%rnal n%
par a fiY Aela(i P!ilippe LeDe%ne $orEe(te+ Bn &t%)i%l &%+ )e&pre romanul
autobio#ra'ic .&a% romanul personal9, are ar fi o &peie ro2ane&+ a(a)ar+ text )e
fi3i%ne+ Bn are Pititor%l poate a$ea toate 2oti$ele )e a En%i+ pornin) )e la
a&e2nri pe are re)e le C!ie(te+ exi&t o i)entitate Bntre a%tor (i per&onaD+ Bn
on)i3iile Bn are a%tor%l a re&pin& aea&t i)entitate ori+ el p%3in+ a )ei& & n#o
afir2eL " Bn 2ai li2pe)e e&te preiOarea l%i Alain Kirar):
PRo2an%l per&onal tran&p%ne experien3a &%E 2a&a %nei i&torii fiti$e' e&te pro)%&%l
%nei lente elaEorri+ e on&tr%it a o oper (i &ri& pentr% a fi oferit p%Eli%l%iL"
Iat o onfir2are a ae&tei D%)e3i Bn &izuina luminat, %n)e narator%l onfir2 o )at
Bn pl%& arater%l elaEorat al onfe&i%nii:
PBn ti2p e &ri%+ Bn ti2p e on)ei%l alearC pe !4rtie Bn %rEe (i linii+ (i on)%lri e
$or Bn&e2na %$inte (i+ &pre )eplina 2ea &ati&fa3ie+ $or a$ea &en& pentr% oa2enii
ne%no&%3i 2ie are le $or WetiX .pentr% + pentr% 2ine+ at%l &ri&%l%i p4n a%2
r24ne prof%n) ino2pre!en&iEil (i &%Eiet%l %nei 2ari %l%iri/+ Bn ti2p )ar e &ri%+ Bn
fieare ato2 )e &pa3i% &e Bnt42pl e$aL"
Ceea e )efine(te aea&t proO e+ a(a)ar+ to2ai orCaniOarea epi a tririlor"
:omanele autobio#ra'ice .& le &p%ne2 a&tfel )in ne$oia )e a le )efini/ ale l%i Ble!er
fa &alt%l )e la &i2pla nota3ie referen3ial la nara3i%nea reflexi$+ relatarea la per&oana
Bnt4i fiin) on&ein3a %nei
,-
RADU G. TEPOSU
op3i%ni arti&tie on(tiente" Pentr% a n% r24ne Bn a)rele ane)otei p%re experien3a B(i
rela2 for2a potri$it+ are+ Bn aO%l )e fa3+ e proietaree ei Bn teriEile &enarii ale
il%Oiei+ )epri2ant#fa&t%oa&e+ Bnfiorate )e p4lp4irile 2or3ii+ o&tentati$e la 2o)%l
)ean)ent+ &enarii are &tiliOeaO )i&perarea Bnl34n)#o la ranC )e perplexitate"
Cere2onial%l )i&perrii" 5%ferin3ele t4nr%l%i Ble!er Bnep % 2%ll Bnainte )e a
)e$eni lient%l &anatoriilor" Per&onaD%l &% .narator%l )ir (nt-mplri (n irealitatea
imediat (i &izuina luminat, E2an%el )in Inim cicatrizate9 e atin& Bn )in opilrie
)e o Eoal &%Etil+ )ar ne&%ferit are &e n%2e(te Plip&a i)entit3iiL+ &enti2ent%l
)e)%Elrii (i al Bn&trinrii &enOa3ia in)eter2inrii" C% o expre&ie 2ai prof%n) (i 2ai
prei& Qei)eCCer i#ar fi &p%& aE&en3a P%nit3ii ontoloCieL+ Bn fapt+ a$ea2 )e#Y f&e
!iar % o )ra2 onti+ pe are a% &e&iOat#o )eDa Al" Protopope&% ( Niolae
Manole&%" Cel )int4i a $orEit )e o PriO ontoloCiL+ )e o P)eta(ri )e &%ferin3a
per&onal+ pentr% Bn3eleCerea %nor ro&t%ri 2ai Cenerale alR fiin3eiL" La r4n)%l &%+
Niolae Manole&% a &e&iOat Pperplexitatea )R nat%r ontoloCiL pe are o trie(te
per&onaD%l ori )e 4te ori e aCre&at )i oEietele inerte )in D%r%l &%" (nt-mplri (n
irealitatea imediat .,-7\/ &R )e&!i)+ )e altfel+ !iar % )e&rierea &i2pto2elor Eolii:
PC4n) pri$e& 2%lt ti2p %n p%nt fix pe perete+ 2i &e Bnt42pli 4teo)at & n% 2ai (ti%
nii ine &%nt+ nii %n)e 2 afl%" 5i2t at%n lip&a i)entit3ii 2ele )e )eparte+ a (i %2
a( fi )e$enit+ o lip+ o per&oani % tot%l &trin" Ae&t per&onaCi% aE&trat (i per&oana
2ea real B2 )i&p%t on$inCerea % for3e eCale"L
T%lE%rarea+ re&i23it la Bnep%t a o %rioOitate iritat+ 2ai apoi i )epri2are El4n)+
)e$ine % ti2p%l &tarea nor2al a per&onaD%l%i Mo2entele )e relati$ lini(te (i
)eliate3e o2pen&atoare .a aelea Bi are Ualter Bl ini3iaO pe narator Bn te!nia
HaponeOL a )e&prin)erii %ne flori )e orol/ a% )oar o $aloare &i2Eoli (i ele n% fa
)e4t & &tiliOeO )%rerea" 5trile alterneaO a Bn &%ferin3ele iloti2iilor+ f4n
i2po&iEil o oniliere onti" CriOa e&en3ial n% pro$ine+ a(a)ar+ )i: trirea %n%i
2o2ent traCi an%2e+ i )in aE&en3a )eter2inrii+ )i: &enti2ent%l )eper&onaliOrii+
are or%pe a%tentiitatea fiin3ei" Per&onaDe trie(te+ )%p o )ialeti in&i)ioa&+ Crea3a
(i &tena!oria+ )i&perarea re (i 2elanolia+ &enti2ent%l reifirii (i Bn&trinarea+ )ei&
Bntot)ea%na &#& a%te i)entitatea pier)%t"
P*orEin) % o fin Bn3eleCere )e&pre re&ort%rile a)4ni ale riOei+ A Protopope&% n#a
&pat nii el )e apana exaCerrii at%ni 4n) i &#pr%t )e&oper # a (i F$" 5"
Cro!2lniean% # o $eritaEil $oa3ie &%ferin3ei+ P%n i2n al alienriiL" De aii (i p4n
la &it%area ro2an%l%i &% &e2n%l filo&ofiei l%i Ha&per& n% e )e4t %n pa&+ (i
o2entator%l+ )a n% fae+ Bl &%CereaO" D%p Ha&per&+ su'erindul re&pinCe %
pre2e)itare orie Bnerare )e a ie(i )in riO+ p%n4n) Bn lo%l &peran3ei re&e2narea
l%i)'
)'
STUDIU INTRODUCTIV
El trie(te &%ferin3a a &it%a3ie#li2it+ a )a2nare" In proOa l%i Ble!er+ re&e2narea
lip&e(te" Per&onaD%l tatoneaO 2eto)i toate &ol%3iile )e re%perare a a%tentiit3ii+ )e
&inroniOare % exi&ten3a+ )e &it%are Bn l%2e+ a)i" I)eal%l &% e inteCralitatea fiin3ei+
P&ntateaL ontoloCi" ?ieare )ere Bn teratoloCi+ Bn aEi&%l &%ferin3ei B(i on3ine
proie3ia+ Bn poOiti$+ a &ol%3iei o2pen&atoare" CriOa B(i a%t Bntot)ea%na re2e)i%l"
5tarea )e )eCrinCola)+ Bn&trinarea )er%ta $in )in riOa )e i)entitate" PPer&onaCi%l
aE&tratL (i Pper&oana .2ea/ realL &%nt polii are oaC%leaO efort%rile )e inteCrare Bn
l%2e+ &%&pen)ate+ 2ere%+ la li2ita il%Oiei" C4n) &e a2plifi+ fi&%ra ontoloCi pro)%e
o &tare )e le!a2ite+ P&pai2a )e a n% 2 p%tea reC&i niio)atL+ a Bn 8ehamitea l%i
AlEerto Mora$ia+ )ar 2ai % &ea2 a Bn 7reaa l%i 5artre:
P5enOa3ia )e )eprtare (i &inC%rtate+ Bn 2o2entele 4n) per&oana 2ea oti)ian &#a
)iOol$at Bn inon&i&ten3+ e )iferit )e orie alte &enOa3ii" C4n) )%reaO 2ai 2%lt+ ea
)e$ine o fri+ o &pai2 )e a n% 2 p%tea reC&i niio)at+ Bn )eprtare+ per&i&t )in
2ine o &il%et ne&iC%r+ BnonD%rat )e o 2are l%2inoOitate+ a(a %2 apar %nele
oEiete Bn ea3" TeriEila BntreEare Wine an%2e &%ntX trie(te at%ni Bn 2ine a %n orp
Bn BntreCi2e no%+ re&%t Bn 2ine % o piele (i ni(te orCane e#2i &%nt o2plet
ne%no&%te"L
Cine a a$%t %rioOitatea & fa o let%r Bn paralel a (nt-mplrilor l%i Ble!er (i a
7reei l%i 5artre .&ri& Bn aela(i an+ )ar tiprit )oi ani 2ai t4rOi%/ $a fi fo&t %i2it+ %
&iC%ran3+ )e a&e2nrile iOEitoare )intre ele )o% ro2ane" N% )oar re&ort%rile
filo&ofie ale $iOi%nii &%nt ople(itor )e apropiate .exi&ten3iali&2%l B(i tria $oCa la ora
aeea/+ i (i lait2oti$ele epie .Cra2ofon%l/+ Ce&tia per&onaD%l%i" Iat %n pa&aD )in
artea &riitor%l%i franeO+ aproape tra& la in)iCo )%p fraOa )e Bnep%t a ro2an%l%i l%i
Ble!er:
PIn ele )in %r2+ 2 )e&prin) )e i2aCinea 2ea (i 2 prE%(e& Bn pat" Pri$e&
ta$an%l+ a( $rea & )or2 al2" Cal2" A2 Bnetat )e a &i23i al%nearea+ atinCerile
ti2p%l%i" *) i2aCini pe ta$an" Cer%ri )e l%2in 2ai Bnt4i+ apoi r%i" Tot%l fl%t%r"
i apoi+ iat for24n)%#&e alt i2aCine Bn a)4n%l o!ilor 2ei+ aea&ta" E %n ani2al
2are+ BnCen%n!eat"L
.Bn ro24ne(te )e Alexan)r% KeorCe"/
Pre&i23in) ri&%rile in&talrii Bn nenoroire+ narator%l &e OEate+ a(a)ar+ &e re$olt+
iJtot%l i2plor o &ol%3ieL" Re%perarea i)entit3ii+ are e!i$aleaO % P&enOa3ia )e
%(oar Ee3ieL+ e&te oE&e&ia ae&tei fiin3e 2%tilate" Per&onaD%l te&teaO %n BntreC ar&enal
)e &trateCii pentr% a re)oE4n)i %nitatea fiin3ei: )e la ontat%l &enOorial % orCani%l
p4n la e$aOi%nea Bn i2aCinar" Il%Oia ontin% a inteCrrii Bn l%2e &e EiO%ie pe o
viziune or#anicist, inteCrali&t la 2o)%l (tiin3ifi+ iar n% &pirit%ali&t+ anti2eanii&t (i
antitran&en)entali&t" E eea e %n filo&of al (tiin3ei+ KeoffreN C!e[+ a n%2it 'iloso'ia
bootstrape1 %ni $er&%l n% e on&tit%it )in entit3i &eparaEile+ reate )e )i$initate+ i
)intr#o re3ea )ina2i ale rei
)&
RADU G. TEPOSU
ele2ente n% &e )eo&eEe& a e&en3" Tri2 Bntr#o l%2e Bn are fraC2ent% on3ine
BntreC%l+ iar pr3ile l%i on&tit%ti$e &%nt propriet3i ale elorlalte Ne 2i(2 # &p%ne
filo&of%l # Bntr#o l%2e alt%it )in rela3ii+ n% )ii entit3i in)epen)ente+ )in are a%
)i&pr%t Crani3ele in)i$i)%alit3ii ( &enti2ent%l finit%l%i+ iar )i$iOi%nea arteOian
)intre e% (i l%2e n% 2 f%n3ioneaO+ fiin) lip&it )e &en&" Aea&t $iOi%ne a
PBntreptr%n)eriiL %2 ar n%2i#o 2i&tia oriental+ &e Bnte2eiaO pe %lti2ele
)e&operir )in fiOia ato2i (i &%Eato2i (i pro2o$eaO o onep3ie orCani potri$i
reia parti%lele &%nt 2ai 2%lt proe&e )e4t oEiete" *o2 reC&i (i li Ble!er aea&t
repreOentare+ !iar )a Bn for2a int%iti$: efort%ril. fiin3ei )e a &e in&in%a Bn alte$a+
)e a &e topi Bn 2aC2a l%2ii &%nt a&tfe )e onfir2ri ale orCanii&2%l%i"
Tran&a+ !al%ina3ia+ a2e3eala+ le!a2itea+ le(in%l+ a)i tot R oE&tr%3ioneaO (i
O)rnie(te pereperea exat a real%l%i+ &%n pro$oate+ Bn pri2%l r4n)+ )e aele
P&pa3ii Ele&te2ateL+ 2alefie+ preOen3i (i Bn proOa l%i Br%no 5!%lO+ E%noar" Ele
&e2nifi o PriO a real%l%iL #&p%ne Niolae Balot#+ are o )%EleaO pe aeea a
per&onaD%l%i" Tot%l (i#] pier)%t a%tentiitatea Bn proOa l%i Ble!er: fiin3a+ l%r%rile+
nat%ra" L%2e^ e %n i2en& panopti ani2at n% )e &%fl% $ital+ i )e o 2eaniitatf
&teoreotip+ Crote&"
PPoiana 2iL )in par%l ora(%l%i e %n%l )in lo%rile ptoa&e+ %r &pa3i% apan are
pro)%e )epre&ie (i $ertiD:
PT%fi(%rile )e 2ie(i (i &al42i pitii are BnonD%ra% .poiana/ &t )e&!i)ea% Bntr#o
&inC%r parte &pre pei&aCi%l )eOolant al %n%i 42D p%&ti%" N% exi&ta lo Bn l%2e 2ai
tri&t (i 2ai pr&it" Terea &e )ep%ne^ )en& pe fr%nOele prf%ite+ Bn l)%ra &tt%t a
$erii"L
Lo%l ae&ta+ are &ea2n 2%lt+ prin re&%r&ele l%i 2aliCne+ i otlon%l )in po$e&tirea
Pan a l%i Br%no 5!%lO .Pfior) pier)%t+ )in are 2 exi&t nii o ie(ireL/+ e %n &pa3i%
perfi)+ B2EiEat )e o 2elanolie otr$itoare are )e&o2p%ne fiin3a+ o neantiOeaO" >n
alt Plo Ele&te2atL &e afl ;h ellalt apt al ora(%l%i+ Bntre 2al%rile Bnalte (i C%noa&e
ale r4%l%iL+ Br fapt o Croap in&al%Er+ )ar i&pititoare prin &enOa3ia Cer2inati$ pe art o
e2an+ prin frea2t%l olitor al 2ateriei aflate Bn )e&o2p%nere" Dt 4te ori
narator%l oEoar aii+ perep3ia i &e t%lE%r+ &i23%rile &e preipit pro)%4n) o &tare
oxi2oroni+ P%n le(in pl%t (i a2e3itorL are CrEe(te PBnfr4nCerea )efiniti$L" La
apt%l a2e3elii p4n)e(te !al%ina3ia" C%prin& )e o letarCie $ilean+ per&onaD%l &e
prE%(e(te Bntr#o l%2e a $e)eniilor Crote& (i terifiant+ are#i a2plifi )eri$a+ Bn
!ip para)oxal Bn&+ riOa &e )i2in%eaO Bn lipa f%Oi%nii % ele2ent%l orCani"
AtinCerea 2ateriei p%tri)e ) &enOa3ia %nei o2%ni%ni &pontane % real%l+ &%Cer4n)
inti2itatea+ inteCrarea+ Pe!iliEr%l feriitL+ %2 ar &p%ne Hean#Pierre Ri#!ar) Bn li2EaD
te2ati&t" ExtaO%l e o for2 )e pier)ere a on(tiin3ei prin B2pr(tierea Bn l%r%ri:
))
STUDIU INTRODUCTIV
l
t De
P?%Oi%ne Bn&ea2n )if%Oi%ne # &p%ne riti%l Cene$eO' B2pr(tiere &%e&i$ Bn l%r%ri"
i pier)erea aea&ta are pare aii aCreaEil $a fi re&i23it % )%rere at%ni 4n) $a
p%ne aent%l n% pe oEiet%l are atraCe+ i pe on(tiin3a pier)%t: i &%pri2area
inter$al%l%i )%e la inon(tien3 (i Bn aela(i ti2p la extaO"L
ProOator%l a2plifi aea&t rela3ie orCani+ ri)i4n) &enOa3ia la $iOi%ne+ Bn4t
ontat%l epi)er2i &%CereaO )eBn)at %n &enti2ent $ital" Protei&2%l fanta&t al
2ateriei ) il%Oia inteCrrii (i a o2oCeniOrii fiin3ei+ a refaerii i)entit3ii p%l$eriOate"
Bn !ip &i2ilar i &e Bnt42pl narator%l%i 4n) ptr%n)e Bntr#o a2er ne%no&%t"
FEietele )in Bnpere &e ani2 )e o o&pitalitate iporit+ &e Bn&%fle3e& )e o inti2itate
f3arni+ )elan(4n) Ple(in%l &%a$ (i teriEilL" E&te aeea(i rep%l&ie e2o3ionat pe are
o &i2te (i Antoine RoS%entin+ per&onaD%l l%i 5artre )in 7reaa, fa3 )e oEietele )in
D%r%l &%" D%p o e)%are a perep3iei+ a2era apt Bn& Po no% exi&ten3L'
protaConi&t%l B2Era !aina reifirii+ 2aterialitatea Er%tal &e B2El4nOe(te+ &e
e%fe2iOeaO p4n la o Pextati exaltareL+ l%r%rile )oE4n)e& o fiOiono2ie
tenta%lar" 5l)ate )e o no% i)entitate+ oEietele )e$in prietenoa&e+ Bntre ele (i
per&onaD &e in&tit%ie leCt%ri &erete+ tot%l e Bn$l%it Bntr#%n aE%r EeniCn:
PPri$ea2 % o!ii )e&!i(i tot e era Bn D%r%l 2e%+ )ar oEietele B(i pier)ea% &en&%l lor
o2%n: o no% exi&ten3 le &l)a"
Ca (i %2 ar fi fo&t &%Eit )e&pa!etate )in !4rtii &%E3iri (i tran&parente Bn are ar fi &tat
Bn$elite p4n at%ni+ a&pet%l lor )e$enea inefaEil )e no%" Prea% 2enite %nei noi
%tilit3i &%perioare (i fanta&tie+ pe are Bn Oa)ar 2#a( fi Onit &#o C&e&"
Dar n% n%2ai at4t: oEietele era% ap%ate )e o a)e$rat freneOie )e liEertate" Ele
)e$enea% in)epen)ente %nele fa3 )e altele+ )ar )e o in)epen)en3 e n% Bn&e2na
n%2ai o &i2pl iOolare a lor i (i o extati exaltare"
Ent%Oia&2%l )e a exi&ta Bntr#o no% a%reol 2 %prin)ea (i pe 2ine: a)eren3e
p%ternie 2 leCa% )e ele+ % ano&to2oOe in$iOiEile e fea% )in 2ine %n oEiet al
o)ii la fel a elelalte+ Bn aela(i 2o) Bn are %n orCan Crefat pe arne $ie+ prin
&!i2E%ri &%Etile )e &%E&tan3e+ &e inteCreaO tr%p%l%i ne%no&%t"L
:ei'icarea e o no% il%Oie a inteCrrii+ explorarea %nei noi o2oCenit3i+ )e a&t )at
artifiiale+ oEiet%ale+ )in are &#a &%r& tot &4nCele a%tentiit3ii" Din BntreC frea2t%l
$ie3ii a r2a& %n &%roCat )e exi&ten3+ pop%lat )e oEiete" Exi&ten3a Bn&(i a )eO%t la
ranC )e E%taforie" Artifiial%l a Bnfr4nt nat%ra+ alien4n)#o" Ipo&taOa 2eano2orf e Bn
eCal 2&%r riO (i il%Oie" Re)%& la aparen3+ la a&pet%l ei )e feno2enalitate p%r+
fiin3a trie(te )ra2a a a2Cire+ Bn &patele ae&tei oEiet%alit3i frenetie p4n)e(te
neant%l" Per&onaD%l e o fiOiono2ie fr &%E&tan3ialitate+
)4
RADU G. EPOSU
%n $i) % !ip %2an+ o 2a& fr re&pira3ie+ %n hollouu m-n, %2 i &p%ne Eliot" E
r%) E%n % fratele l%i HaT%E )in Tratatul despre manechii al l%i Br%no 5!%lO .%
are Ble!er are ne&f4r(ite afinit3i/+ prefai Bntr#%n t%E )e a%i%"
F no% riO e o no% )i&perare+ Bn lipele )e )eOn)eD)e+ narator%l a: )in no%
pre&i23irea Col%l%i )e fiin3+ fiin) teroriOat )e P&enti2ent
,
prof%n)ei in%tilit3i a l%2iiL
.Bn 7reaa l%i 5artre+ fiin3a Bn&(i e&te in%tila Bnf3i(4n)%#&e %n%i 2e)i+ per&onaD%l
afl+ Bn &f4r(it+ (i %n n%2e penti &%ferin3a &a: e Eolna$ )e pal%)i&2+ a)i )e friC%ri+ a
(i Titir al l%i Ki )in Paludes. Bn ro2an+ Eoala in)i Bn& %n &i2pto2 2ai a)4n:
&in)are fiin3ei Bn aparen3 (i e&en3+ )eper&onaliOare+ pier)erea i)entit3ii" Di aea&t
priin+ per&onaD%l trie(te per2anent &peran3a refaerii %nit3 ontoloCie .are e 2area
no&talCie a exi&ten3iali(tilor/+ a %nit3ii fiin3e FE&e&ia inteCrit3ii oriCinare .PBntre 2ine
(i l%2e n% exi&t nii o )e&pr3ire e p%ntea are leaC epi%l %trii )e ro2ane&%l
tririi" FrCanii&2%l e&t e2Ele2a filo&ofi a proOei l%i Ble!er+ 2ara ei onept%al"
Efort%l inteCrrii %l2ineaO Bntr#o Oi ploioa& )e toa2n 4n per&onaD%l are re$ela3ia
BnfriC%rat apar3ine+ Bn !ip f%niar+ l%2 !toniene" Bn fa3a l%i &e )elan(eaO
inen)i%l %nor Bn!ip%iri CroOa$e $iOi%nea ro2anti a totalit3ii+ &enti2ent%l %nit3ii
entele!ie pre&i23irea %nei noi CeneOe:
PIntrai Bn noroi 2ai Bnt4i % %n piior+ apoi % ellalt" K!etele 2ei al%near pl%t Bn
al%at%l ela&ti (i lipiio&" Era2 aolo re&%t )in noroi %na % )4n&%l+ a 34(nit )in
p24nt" ."""/
E% Bn&%2i era2 o rea3ie &peial a noroi%l%i+ %n 2i&ionar tri2i& )i el Bn aea&t l%2e"
5i23ea2 Eine Bn aela lipe %2 a2intirea l%i B2 re$ine+ (i B2i a)%&ei a2inte )e
nop3ile 2ele )e O$4roliri (i Bnt%nei2 fierEin3i+ 4n) noroi%l 2e% e&en3ial l%a a$4nt%ri
in%tile (i &e Onea &] ia& la &%prafa3+ Bn!i)ea2 at%ni o!ii (i el ontin%a & fiarE
Br oE&%ritate % EolEoro&iri neBn3ele&e""" Bn D%r%l 2e% &e Bntin)ea 2ai)an% plin )e
noroi"""
Aea&ta era arnea 2ea a%tenti+ D%p%it )e !aine+ D%p%it )e piele D%p%it )e 2%(!i+
D%p%it p4n la noroi"L
5petaol%l+ a&oiat )e Niolae Manole&% Ppri$eli(tilorL l%i ?%n)oian%+ 2ai apropiat
Bn& )e elan%l t$lirii prin noroi al l%i Mer&a%lt )in ro2an%l 8a 5ort heureuse al l%i
Ca2%&+ e )eopotri$ fa&inant+ prin ere2onia+ aproape rit%ali+ a &%f%n)rii Bn
2aterie+ (i terifiant+ prin a&pet%l o(2are& al f%Oi%nii" *iOi%nea eloOi%nii orCanie ia
aii propor3ii faE%loa&e" Noroi%l pare o 2aterie pri2or)ial )in are 34(ne&+ Bntr#%n
&enari% 2itoloCi+ arEorii+ a&ele+ oa2enii" F!i%l narator%l%i $e)e+ a Bntr#o
per&peti$ ana2orfoti+ o l%2e r&%it+ Bntoar&+ aEerant" P24nt%l # )%p
Ker2ain BaOin # e o re&%r& 2aCi+ %n prinipi% al totalit3ii ar2onioa&e:
)*
STUDIU INTRODUCTIV
P.P24nt%l/ e&te fior%l l%i Ero&+ prinipi%l#frate+ are fae a &%E&tan3ele (i (i fiin3ele
& )e&opere afinit3ile pe are le a% %nele % altele (i le Bn)ea2n & &e B2pre%neOe"L
RepreOentrile a% o on$%l&ie r%)+ o ele2entaritate aCre&i$+ o freneOie ri&pat"
?%Oi%nea e o oEor4re CeoloCi Bn orCaniitatea l%2ii" Qal%ina3ia+ o(2ar%l+ )elir%l
&%nt &i2pto2e ale ina%tentiit3ii fiin3ei+ &e2nele %nei )ereClri ontoloCie" Fta$
%l%3i% a &e&iOat foarte Eine oexi&ten3a a )o% $iOi%ni Bn proOa l%i Ble!er: Po teorie
2ona)i a l%2ii+ o teorie leiEniOian+ )%p are l%2ea e for2at )in entit3i
entele!iale (i i2penetraEileL+ repreOent4n) %n i)eal inti2+ (i Pon(tiin3a )i&tin3iei
)intre eu (i 2e)i%l BnonD%rtorL+ on&ein3 a pier)erii %nit3ii oriCinare" Din ae&t
2oti$+ toate efort%rile )e inteCrare ale protaConi&t%l%i a% on&ein3e para)oxale"
ExaerEarea il%Oiei &f4r(e(te Bn &enti2ent%l artifiialit3ii" La apt%l e!iliEr%l%i
feriit Bnflore(te+ a o plant arni$or+ )ra2a" Ina%tentiitatea tri%2f+ Bn tot l%&tr%l ei
aroCant+ pro)%4n) aea &enOa3ie )e oEiet%alitate aCre&i$" Narator%l re)e$ine %n
&trin Bn &%&%r%l 2eani al exi&ten3ei:
P<Co2ot%l &trOii B2i rea2inti )e )eparte ora(%l+ )ar a%2 ora(%l &e Bn$4rtea foarte
lent Bn D%r%l 2e% a o pla )e Cra2ofon"L
Noroi%l (i plaa )e Cra2ofon &%nt reperele &i2Eolie Bntre are &e onentreaO
$iOi%nea per&onaD%l%i: a%tentiitatea orCani (i oEiet%alitatea 2eani+ (nt-mplri
(n irealitatea imediat .in)i&%taEil+ o apo)oper a ro2an%l%i ro24ne&+ n% Bn)eaD%n&
)e pre3%it/ )en%n3 lip&a )e o2oCenitate a exi&ten3ei+ prearitatea ei ontoloCi"
5
5 5
Cea )int4i oE&er$a3ie are &#a f%t Bn leCt%r % ro2an%l Inimi cicatrizate .,-76/+
intit%lat Bn 2an%&ri&+ !erc<, 2ai apoi =esut cicatrizat, pri$e(te a&e2narea l%i
iOEitoare % 5untele vr>it al l%i T!o2a& Mann" Co2para3ia a 2er& %neori at4t )e
)eparte+ Bn4t K" Cline&%+ Bn Istoria &a )in ,-0,+l#a on&i)erat Po i2ita3ieL )%p
ro2an%l &riitor%l%i Cer2an: PIn lo%l &anatori%l%i alpin )e t%Eer%lo(i p%l2onari+
a$e2 Bnaintea noa&tr %n &anatori% 2ariti2 )e t%Eer%lo(i o&o(i" Ca (i Bn ro2an%l l%i
T!o2a& Mann+ Eolna$ii )% o $ia3 proprie (i o2plet % %ni$er&%l lorL" Ca2 Bn
aeia(i ter2eni a o2entat artea+ la apari3ie+ (i Miron Krin)ea: PM" Ble!er ne#a )at+
Bn WIni2i iatriOateX+ o e!i$alen3 ro24nea&+ Bn propor3ii 2ai 2ii+ a
W<a%EerEerCX#l%i l%i T!o2a& MannL" La r4n)%l &%+ F$" 5" Cro!2lniean% a 3in%t &
a)a%Ce + )e(i &e a&ea2n Bn 2%lte pri$in3e+ ele )o% ro2ane &e )eo&eEe&
f%n)a2ental )atorit aE&en3ei P&%Etext%l%i &i2EoliL+ Bn fine+ Niolae Manole&% $a
n%an3a (i 2ai 2%lt )iferen3ele+ art4n) + Bn pofi)a t%t%ror a&e2nrilor+ Inimi
cicatrizate e
)6
RADU G. EPOSU
H%rnal%l %nei 2ala)ii oEi(n%ite+ aproape in)i$i)%ale' 5untele - al riOei &pirit%l%i
e%ropean Bn&%(iL" 5iC%r+ &%nt 2%lte ele2ente epie .(i )e re%Oit/ are Bn)rept3e&+
p4n la %n p%nt+ alt%rarea elor )o% ro2ane" Ca (i BerC!of al l%i T!o2a& Mann+
&anatori%l l%i Ble!er e %n lo al apti$it3ii 2i&terioa&e+ o apan+ %n )roC are
reeaO )epen)en3:
P# >ite+ a&ta e e$a foarte %rio&""" BerT e alte$a )e4t %n ora( )e Eolna$i" E o otra$
foarte &%Etil" Intr )e#a )rept%l Bn &4nCe" Cine a trit aii n%#(i C&e(te lo%l niieri Bn
l%2eL # Bi &p%ne Erne&t l%i E2an%el"
In fine+ )oa2na Uan)e&Ta+ o poloneO rafinat (i )i&tin&+ e (i ea o 2i&terioa&"
Cla%)ia C!a%!at are+ )e(i $in)eat+ a24n 2ere% plearea+ a si Qan& Ca&torp+ )e
altfel" Dinolo )e ae&te p%nte o2%ne .o2para3ia e Bn )efa$oarea &riitor%l%i
ro24n/ &e a(terne o per)ea )e )eo&eEiri" TipoloCia Bn&(i a per&onaD%l%i B2Era for2e
)iferite' E2an%el )in Inimi trie(te Eoala a pe o po$ar+ a pe o %$ert%r a 2or3ii+ fr
$ol%pt3i (i fr &enint3i linie" K4n)%l tr%p%l &% $a )e$eni %n apti$ al
&%ferin3ei Bl t%lE%r pe protaConi&t p4n la &pai2 (i rep%l&ie:
P# M !in%ie C4n)%l Bnet+ Bnet $a treE%i & )e$in %n a)e$rat Eolna$""" C tot e
ia% a%2 )rept lene$ie (i o)i!n $a )e$eni Bn %r4n) %n priOonierat teriEil""" Mi#e fri
)e &oEor4(""" Mi#e fri & n% aD%nC a %2Ela % )o% Ea&toane+ &rin) a o Eroa&"L
C% toat replierea Bn fa3a Eolii+ E2an%el $a a$ea+ Bn ele )in %r2+ re$ela3ia
po&o2or4t a 2iOeriei fiin3ei+ a )eteriorrii ei p4n la &ta)i%l )e&o2p%nerii fiOie" E
i2aCinea o2%l%i in sttu de#radationis, %2 &p%nea% re(tinii 2e)ie$ali+ are
pro$oa .pre%2 5f4nt%l%i ICna3i%/ %n &enti2ent al r%(inii (i onf%Oiei+ o ne&f4r(it
%2ilire"
PI2pre&ia )e )%rere (i )e tort%r &e )e&pr3ea% a&tfel %l%itor prin e$i)en3a aeea &i2pl
(i %2il are re$ela )intr#o )at ep%iOarea $ie3ii elei 2ai e&en3iale (i in$aOia ree (i
)epri2ant a &%ferin3ei p4n la li2itele tr%p%l%i+ p4n aolo %n)e _%itone+ )intr#%n
o2 $iril % pofte (i elan%ri+ )e$enea o &i2pl alt%ire )e orCane are p%treOe& r4n)
pe r4n)+ % $erteErele 2%eCite (i % &ex%l # &ex%l )e o)inioar are ))ea tr%p%l%i tot
&en&%l (i toat $i$aitatea l%i M )e$enit o E%at )e arne e &e &tr4nCea fla& (i &e
)e&o2p%nea Bnet+ Bnaintea p%treOii%nii finale"L
Di2potri$+ fa3 )e reCi&tr%l nat%rali&t al ro2an%l%i l%i Ble!er+ Qan& Ca&torp al l%i
T!o2a& Mann trie(te o exi&ten3 e2ina2ente &pirit%al+ l)it pe &i2Eol (i paraEol"
C4n) per&onaD%l l%i T!o2a&& Mann+ aD%n& la BerC!of+ e repartiOat Bntr#%n Ppat )e
2oarteL+ &enintatea l%i E%rC!eO n% &e ri&peaO" Con$in& e P%n pat )e 2oarte %
tot%l oEi(n%itL+ el &e in&taleaO )eCraE Bn no%a realitate+ a)or2in) fr 2ari t%lE%rri"
A$e2 aii )o% riOe op%&e: %na a &pirit%l%i ople(it )e preD%)e3i+ alta a tr%p%l%i
%2ilit )e prE%(irea fiOi"
Proa&pt &o&it Bn &anatori%+ n% o )at !it%it )e C4n)%l &in%i)erii+ tre4n) prin
)i&perri prel%nCite (i prin o(2ar%ri ale propriei &tinCeri+
)+
STUDIU INTRODUCTIV
E2an%el a%t+ Bn &!i2E+ o &ol%3ie )e ree!iliErare" Pentr% &ex%l P) tr%p%l%i tot
&en&%lL+ int%ie(te at%l eroti poate fi o for2 )e B2El4nOire a &%ferin3ei+ )e
re%perare a a%tentiit3ii exi&ten3iale" Ne$oia )e inteCritate ontoloCi # &p%ne H%li%&
E$ola+ %n 2etafiOiian al a2or%l%i #Pon&tit%ie fon)%l e&en3ial (i inon(tient al
i2p%l&%l%i &ex%alL" Pre%2 ontat%l &enOorial )in (nt-mplri, at%l eroti e+ Bn Inimi,
o po&iEil ale )e Bn&nto(ire a fiin3ei+ )e re)oE4n)ire a %nit3ii ontoloCie+ )e
reafir2are a o2oCenit3ii"
La Bnep%t+ E2an%el prati Po )raCo&te !iCieni+ lip&it )e 2ari $ol%pt3iL+ %
Colette+ are e Po fat &i2pl (i net a o E%at )e !4rtieL" I&pitele erotie &e a2plifi
Bn& .& ne a2inti2 + Bn (nt-mplri, narator%l+ a343at )e Po poft &ex%al
BnCroOitoareL+ f%&e&e ini3iat Bn at%l eroti )e Clara/+ i2aCina3ia &e BnfierE4nt+
&i23%rile &e preipit" >n p&i!iatr%+ H%&tin Ne%2an+ pretinO4n) a fae o in$e&tiCa3ie
p&i!analiti+ a $O%t Bn proOa l%i Ble!er %n )o%2ent al ref%lrii &ex%ale+ %n &inop&i&
al fr%&trrilor" E&te e$i)ent Bn& )orin3a eroti are aii %n fon) exi&ten3iali&t+ $iOiEil
!iar Bn 2anife&tarea paroxi&ti a f%Oi%nii"
D%p &%rte tatonri+ )%p %2ilin3a %n%i at e(%at % 5olanCe+ Bntre ei )oi &e Bn!eaC
o o2%niare aproape on$%l&i$+ feEril+ o no% orCaniitate:
PCl)%ra &e in&in%a Bn (%$i3e fine a o re$r&are apoa& prin )eCete Bn tot tr%p%l"
Co2%nia% a&tfel prin &4nCe (i fierEin3eal p4n Bn &trf%n)%ri orCanie Bnt%neoa&e"
Contat%l ae&ta le %nifia ir%la3ia+ (i E2an%el reC&ea p%l&%l l%i Bn Etile ini2ei
ei"L
De a&t )at+ n% 2ai a$e2 )e#a fae % o experien3 &enOorial p%r+ % o infla2are
epi)er2i .pre%2 Bn (nt-mplri9, i % o experien3 Pp&i!o#&en&iEilL+ a & folo&e&
o expre&ie a l%i VierTeCaar)+ are e !iar )efini3ia prof%n) a a2or%l%i" F experien3
are+ fie (i Bn for2a ei &lEati#exploOi$+ e o Ptran&en)en3 tritL+ o $ali)are a
&%E&tan3ei prin e2o3ie+ %2 ar &p%ne Denio& )e Ro%Ce2ont+ o ie(ire )in 2aterialitatea
opre&i$ a tr%p%l%i" At%l eroti e&te el Bn&%(i o a$ent%r a fiin3ei+ o tatonare a
o2pletit%)inii+ o %tare a i)entit3ii pier)%te"
Bntr#%n pa&aD )in final%l ro2an%l%i+ )e&t%(area &enO%al ia for2a %n%i inen)i%
tr%pe&+ Bn B2Er3i(rile l%i E2an%el (i ale VattNei e o freneOie 2i&t%itoare+ o Bnor)are
&pa&2o)i+ %n frea2t fiOioloCi are )a% B2pre%nrii o not fanta&t:
PB(i lipi C%ra )e pielea ei ro(ie (i ar& )e &oare+ ea Bner Bn o )at & &e OEat+ )ar
r2a&e 3int%it )e Bnor)area l%i" Apoi+ el B(i Bnoli Era3ele (i &e r&t%rn % o
2i(are Er%& pe&te )4n&a+ % piept%l Col lipit )e &4nii fierEin3i+ Bntr#o OEatere )e
2i(ri )eOor)onate (i &lEatie+ a Bntr#o $4l$taie )e flri $ii+ tr%pe(ti"L
N% 2ai a$e2 aii ni2i )in a2or%l per$er&#rit%ali )in (nt-mplri (n irealitatea
imediat. Tot aer%l ti2i) oE&e&ional )e#aolo a explo)at Bn 2ari efl%$ii erotie+ Bn
Bnle(tri 2aCnetie"
)$
&& 7ii i,((8T97c8(5((:
RADU G. EPOSU
BB
Il%Oia extaO%l%i eroti+ a e!iliEr%l%i feriit )%reaO Bn& 4t $ia3a %nei efe2eri)e" D%p
ef%Oi%nile $%lanie+ %r2eaO POile l)%3e )e pliti&eal (i &%ferin3L+ Ptri&te3ea
inel%taEil a Oilelor )e EoalL+ o(2ar%l (i irepre&iEila &enOa3ie )e artifiialitate+ are
exit Bn!ip%irea" *lC%it (i reO%t Bn 2ara&2%l &%ferin3ei+ E2an%el re&i2te a2or%l
a pe o in&%fiien3+ a pe %n rit%al &tereotip" P<ilniele rit%ri )e )raCo&teL a%
$a%itatea %nor 2eanie a)en3e+ Pa2or%l el 2ai &%a$ )in l%2eL Bl aCa&eaO+
&%prafe3ele atifelate ale pielii l%i 5olanCe Bi par o prerie ari):
PC!iar &enti2ent%l i2en&ei l%i a)2ira3ii pentr% orp%l ei p%r Bnep% &#l aCa&eOe" II
pliti&ea (i pielea ei fin (i )raCo&tea lor li2pe)e+ (i 2anierele ele2entare pe are ea le
Bn$3a&e tot )e la )4n&%l+ a &#i pla+ Bntr#a)e$r+ Bntr#a)e$r+ ar fi $r%t & n% &e 2ai
atinC )e at4ta perfe3i%ne" Ce#i folo&ea liEertatea (i %r3ia alt%i tr%pYL
C% E%n (tiin3+ E2an%el exp%lOeaO orp%l l%i 5olanCe Bntr#%n teritori% al inter)i3iei+
al inae&iEilit3ii i2p%&e" Pentr% el+ fiOi%l Crail al fe2eii a )e$enit %n Ptr%p
interOi&L+ a la Pro%&t+ are e %n &i2Eol al &%&pen)rii ontoloCie" E2an%el+ a (i
narator%l din (nt-mplri, e o fiin3 lip&it )e i2e)iate3e" InapaEil & f%OioneOe Bn alt%l+
% tot efort%l l%i il%Oori%+ per&onaD%l e ref%Oat )e real+ atap%ltat Bn propria &a
interioritate )e&tr2at" Dinolo )e fiin3 &e Bntin)e )e(ert%l lip&ei )e &e2nifia3ie"
In &patele aparen3ei n% 2ai exi&t )e4t $i)%l i2penetraEil" >2anitatea Bn&(i a
&anatori%l%i apt %n aer )e $o)e$il l%C%Er%+ a Bn teriEil%l pa&aD .%n%l )in ele 2ai
E%ne fraC2ente ale r3ii/ Bn are I&a Doa r3i % Celina pe $ia3a ae&teia )in %r2"
?ieare p%nt 4(tiCat )e tre I&a Bn&ea2n o Oi &O%t )in $ia3a Celinei (i a)%Cat
propriei $ie3i" Ho%l ae&ta+ &or3o& (i f%til+ e+ Bn fon)+ o 2a&ara) tri&t: I&a B(i
onfe3ioneaO % E%n (tiin3 il%Oiile+ tri(4n) (i Bner4n) & a24ne 2oartea+
Bn&enarea+ are e o &%Ce&tie a neant%l%i )in fiin3+ are e$a )intr#o po$e&tire
rep%&%lar a l%i Mi!el )e K!el)ero)e+ 5irosul de brad, Bn are narator%l+ pro$oat
la o parti) )e (a! !iar )e tre 2oarte+ Bnear &#(i Bnfr4nC a)$er&ar%l prin )i$er&e
tertip%ri+ tot a&tfel %2 I&a 2&l%ie(te r3ile:
PM a(tept a Bntr#o Oi &#i 4(tiC toate Oilele $ie3ii""" (i ea+ )eo)at+ &t4n) l4nC 2ine+
& &e Bnline ep%iOat (i & 2oar""" Ca o pp%( )in aelea pe are le %2pli % aer (i &e
)eO%2fl Bneti(or 4n) )e&!iOi &%papa""" Da""" )a""" $oi 4(tiCa"
T% o lip+ apoi+ )eo)at+ foarte aCitat:
# i pentr% e o & 4(tiCY""" Bn fon)+ &ta e &eret%l""" M#a%OiY""" ti: pentr% eY"""
# Pentr% """ pentr% tri(eO+ iOE%ni ea"L
BntreC%l ere2onial al riOei (i )i&perrii )in Inimi cicatrizate &e re&oarEe Bn
pre&ti)iCita3ia ae&t%i per&onaD traCi" Il%Oia Bnfr%nt $iate pentr% a &f4r(i Bn far&
Crote&"
)%
STUDIU INTRODUCTIV
5 5
&izuina luminat .apr%t fraC2entar Bn re$i&te Bn perioa)a ,-06#l-68 (i Bn $ol%2 Bn
,-6,/ &e )e&!i)e+ a (i (nt-mplrile, % %n exeri3i% )e onte2plare+ % o $iOi%ne
a%to&opi" De a&t )at+ pri$irea narator%l%i n% &e 2ai onentreaO Bn& a&%pra
l%2ii )in afar+ i a&%pra interiorit3ii proprii+ a&%pra laEirint%l%i anato2i" Aea&ta
e&te vizuina luminat1 ;o a$ern inti2 (i %no&%t+ aeea(i $iO%in l)%3 (i
il%2inat )e pete (i i2aCini nelare+ are e&te interior%l tr%p%l%i 2e%+ on3in%t%l
Wper&oaneiX 2ele )e W)inoaeX )e pieleL" Din aea&t i2aCine 2anieri&t a tr%p%l%i+
realiOat par % raOe RoentCen+ &%flet%l a o realitate p&i!oloCi a )i&pr%t )efiniti$"
A$e2 )oar Bn$eli(%l 2ateriei &en&iEile+ aparen3a ei 2aterial+ orCani" Pre%2 Bn
taElo%rile l%i C!aCall+ narator%l B(i $e)e anato2ia )inafar" Tot relief%l interior+ %
aEi&%: l (i re&te ai)entale+ e apropiat+ 2rit+ $O%t a)i prin l%p"
&izuina e+ Bn &en& fiC%rat+ %n D%rnal )e $i&e" De altfel+ toate !al%ina3iile )e&ri&e Bn
arte+ )e(i a% preten3ia a%tentiit3ii+ &%nt o ontrafaere oniri a real%l%i" E&te
i2po&iEil )e tra&at o Crani3 prei& Bntre $i& (i $ia3a a)e$rat" Nii 2ar narator%l
n% iOE%te(te & fa a&ta+ )e(i D%r pe a)e$r%l propriilor o(2ar%ri" I2aCina3ia
l%reaO Bn aea&t arte % elan )e pitor &%prareali&t" K4n)%l 2or3ii e %n E%n prileD )e
exeri3i% )e&ripti$:
Plat#2 a%2 % C%ra Bntre)e&!i&+ nep%t4n) a &#o 2ai Bn!i) (i neiOE%tin) & 2ai
traC Bn piept o &inC%r BnC!i3it%r )e aer+ a (i %2 $ol%2%l aer%l%i &#ar opri la
)e&!iOt%ra C%rii 2ele (i ptr%n)erea l%i 2ai )eparte i#ar fi i2po&iEil .a( Oie
aer%l aolo a O%t Bntr#%n f%n) )e &a &a% (i#a )at )e apt/L"
Ae&te exeri3ii )e i2aCina3ie repetate+ Bn i%)a fon)%l%i lor el 2ai a)e&ea Crote&+
in)i o ne$oie )e il%Oie+ )e ie(ire )in apti$itatea tr%p%l%i+ o e$aOi%ne Bn i2aCinar"
*i&%l (i+ Bn &en& larC+ l%2ea fanta&2elor repreOint o no% Bnerare )e re%nifBare a
fiin3ei &in)ate+ )e reC&ire a on(tiin3ei pier)%te" D%p e#a te&tat $irt%3ile &enOoriale
ale 2ateriei orCanie Bn (nt-mplri... (i re&%r&ele ontoloCie ale at%l%i eroti+ (n Inimi
cicatrizate, per&onaD%l l%i Ble!er ar%n o %lti2 na) Bn $i)" Bnainte )e a fi i&pitit )e
re&ort%rile 2aCie ale oniri&2%l%i+ narator%l )in &izuina e fa&inat Bn& )e
artifiialitatea p%r a i2aCinilor+ )e EiOareria &enariilor fanta&te" *i&%l fal&ifi real%l+
topin)%#l (i reon&tr%in)%#l )%p te!niile $iioa&e ale 2anieri&2%l%i+ &tr4nC4n)%#l Bn
!inCa i2aCina3iei+ f4n) )in el %n arti'icium. Ae&t tri%2f al artifiial%l%i &e
Bnte2eiaO pe o e&teti a $i)%l%i+ pe o prearitate a real%l%i" Manieri&2%l # &p%ne
QoTe+ (n 8umea ca labirint #e&te pro)%&%l %n%i para)ox: ) il%Oia o2%ni%nii %
aE&ol%t%l+
);
RADU G. TEPOSU
)ar !rne(te (i PneBnre)erea fa3 )e orie realitate a l%2ii 2aterialeL"?. eea e narator%l
l%i Ble!er &p%ne el Bn&%(i+ expliit+ Bn &izuina luminate
PC4te$a interferen3e )e fel%l ae&ta a% i&pr$it prin a#2i O)r%nin % tot%l re)in3a Bntr#o
realitate Eine Bn!eCat (i &iC%r )e )4n&a"""L"
Ceea e#l fa&ineaO pe per&onaD n% e oefiient%l )e real+ i to2D 2i&ter%l ae&tei ar&
combinatoria are leaC $i&ele Bntr#%n fa&t%o& &petaR al !i2erelor" Narator%l )in
&izuina... e %n $ol%pto& al ontrafaerii &%Etili Bn i%)a &%ferin3ei" De altfel+ Eoala n%
Er%&!eaO &i23%l arti&ti+ i exit+ Bl poten3eaO+ Bl eletriOeaO:
PDe altfel+ n% aor) nii o i2portan3 ae&tei !e&ti%ni 4n) B2i Wre$ $i&ele &a%
a2intirile" M pa&ioneaO Bnainte )e toate fr%2%&e3ea &a EiOareria lor+ at2o&fera lor tri&t
&a% al2 &a% )ra2ati&2%l lor )%rere &a% &f4(ietor"L
Per&onaD%l i%Ee(te $i&%l pentr% fr%2%&e3ea l%i anar!i" 5iC%r+ &%r (i 2o2ente 4n)
e$aOi%nea Bn $i& in)i o ne$oie $ital )e il%Oie+ o plonDai Bn )ialeta oE&%r a exi&ten3ei+
o Bnerare )e a )ep(i &it%a3ia#li2it are e praC%l in&talrii Bn &%ferin3" Ca (i elelalte
per&onaDe ale l%i Ble!e narator%l )in &iziunea n#are $oa3ia &%ferin3ei Bn &en&%l filo&ofii
l%i Ha& per&" Are+ )i2potri$+ oroare )e Eoal+ f4n) n% o )at eloCi%l &nt3i El e %n
Eolna$ atipi+ inapaEil )e &%ferin3+ )e aea )iCnitate a re&e2nri Boala n% e pentr% el o a
)o%a nat%r+ i o arapae &trin % are n% & poate oEi(n%i+ e oDte2ni3 a tr%p%l%i+
pre%2 or&et%l )e C!ip& pe are poart narator%l" In ae&t &en&+ per&onaD%l l%i Ble!er &e
afl la antipo)i protaConi(tilor l%i T!o2a& Mann )in 5untele vr>it, are pri$e& Eoala
pe o otra$" Iat e le &p%ne 5ette2Erini l%i Nap!ta (i Qan& Ca&tori Bntr#%na )in
on$er&a3iile lor pe)aCoCie:
PBolna$%l e&te+ p%r (i &i2pl%+ n%2ai %n o2 Eolna$+ % fel%l &% )eo&eE: )e a fi (i %
&en&iEilitatea &!i2Eat pe are o i2pli Eoala' i Eoal altereaO pe o2 Bn a(a fel+ Bn4t
p-n la urm se obi0nuie0te cu ea .&"n"/+ i2 % &ea2 apar feno2ene )e &en&iEilitate
atrofiat+ &tri )e inon(tiente toropeli alintoare+ a)i tot &oi%l )e &%Eterf%Cii (i
expe)iente &pirit%ale & 2orale )e are &nto&%l Bn nai$itatea l%i %it & 3in &ooteala"L
.Bn ro24ne(te )e Petr% Manoli%
Topit Bn $i& a Bntr#o retort+ trin) il%Oia refaerii+ printr#o &%Etil 2aCie &%Eli2inal+ a
i)entit3ii &in)ate+ narator%l )in &izuina ar p%te exla2a+ pre%2 Ki)e: PB2i plae $ia3a (i
prefer &o2n%l n% )atorit neant%l%i+ i )atorit $i&%l%iL" F )at % (terCerea ont%r%rilor
)i&tint ale fiin3elor (i l%r%rilor+ Bnepe )iOol$area realit3ii Bn o(2ar" RetraCere Bn
!i2er+ )erea Bn $i& # oE&er$ I" NeCoi3e&% # e Po )e2on&tra3ie in%tilit3ii f%niare a
real%l%i+ .a/ o &a)i ereEral ontor&i%ne a l%i pri: p%terea )e2on&tra3iei 2alefi
ra3ionaleL" CriOa onti &trEate proOa I% Ble!er a o %n) )e (o+ onta2in4n) tot e
Bnt4lne(te Bn ale: fiin3e l%r%ri+ 2aterie orCani"
4'
STUDIU INTRODUCTIV
Tot Bn $i&+ narator%l are+ la %n 2o2ent )at+ repreOentarea fanta&t a %n%i i2peri%
%linar" L%r%rile &e 2eta2orfoOeaO 2iroEolant Bn ali2ente+ real%l oEiet%al &e
)iOol$ Bn &%E&tan3 orCani o2oCen" E o exploOie a C%&tati$%l%i+ %n tri%2fal
&enOa3iei" Toat fiOiono2ia ree+ &trin+ aCre&i$ a realit3ii B2pr%2%t o i)entitate
fraCil+ o aparen3 epi)er2i+ )iCeraEil" Tran&for2ate Bn &%E&tan3 o2e&tiEil+
oEietele a% fraCran3+ &e la& BnC!i3ite+ 2e&teate+ &a$%rate+ &%Cer4n) o f%Oi%ne a
fiin3ei % on&i&ten3a orCani a l%2ii+ e pare alt%it+ a%2+ )intr#o %ni &%E&tan3
o2oCen:
PToate ofetriile a$ea% for2 )e prDit%ri % re2 (i fri(a+ 2aCaOinele )e
Cra2ofoane p4lnii enor2e+ iar 2eOelriile era% Bn for2 )e Da2Eon p%& pe lat" ."""/ Era
%n 2aCaOin % raft%ri (i teDC!ele a oriare alt%l+ )ar f%te % tot%l Bn 2o) )eo&eEit+
pere3ii )in tot%r )e 4rnat pre&at are a$ea )e )eparte a&pet%l %n%i 2oOai ro(% )e
toat fr%2%&e3ea+ raft%rile )in felii &%E3iri )e &lnin Bntrite % %n proe)e% &peial+
eea e le fea & par )e fil)e( (i teDC!elele )in pate%ri % a&pi+ tare a &tila+ %rate
(i &trl%itoare a Bn orie 2eOelrie Eine 3in%t"
Era o a)e$rat plere C%&tati$ & pri$e(ti toate ae&tea"L
Aea&t proliferare+ aproape aCre&i$+ a 2ateriei %linare+ are ar%n o p%nte Bntre
fiin3 (i l%2e+ are r%pe for2ele l%r%rilor (i )iOol$ Earierele Bntre reCn%ri+ are
tope(te riCi)it3ile+ f4n)%#le & al%nee )intr#o &tare Bn alta+ & f%OioneOe+ e n%2ai o
a2Cire a fiin3ei &en&iEile" In &patele ae&tei op%len3e p4n)e(te &petr%l 2or3ii"
Ali2entele &%nt n%2ai o E%taforie f%neEr" La o &i2pl inter$en3ie+ ele &e prefa Bn
oEiete f%nerare+ &%Cer4n) o antia2er a 2or3ii:
PMaCaOin%l are Bn exterior a&pet%l %n%i enor2 Da2Eon (i Bn interior e&te+ )%p %2
$eOi+ % pere3i )e &ala2+ raft%ri )e &lnin (i teDC!ele )e a&pi+ iar Bn Oilele )e po2pe
f%neEre+ % aD%tor%l %nor 2ii ae&orii )e toalet e &e aCa3 % %(%rin3 )e ni(te
4rliCe (i (%r%E%ri &i&te2ati f%te+ Bntr#%n &fert )e or B2i tran&for2 Da2Eon%l
exterior Bn rani% 2ort%ar % )in3i CalEeni (i orEite Bnf%n)ate (i interior%l Bn a$o%L"
Bn nii o alt proO a l%i Ble!er n% afl2 i2aCinar 2ai $iolent+ 2ai exploOi$+ 2ai
terifiant+ 2ai !al%inat a Bn &izuina. 5%Ce&tiile 2or3ii &e aClo2ereaO aii p4n la
exe&+ p4n la &at%ra3ie+ ero)4n) il%Oiile (i p%n4n) &%E &e2n%l Bn)oielii $iOi%nea
orCanii&t" Tot ae&t l%&tr% artifiial+ aea&t )erepit%)ine poleit+ ae&t fa&t
Bnre2enit preCte(te extin3ia+ intrarea ere2onioa& Bn 2oarte" >neori+ per&onaD%l
$i&eaO+ pre%2 narator%l )in Craii de Curtea-&eche, fe2ei !ieratie+ B2po$rate )e
far)%ri Crele+ )e p%lEeri farinoa&e+ are n% &%nt )e4t ni(te 2(ti 2ort%are:
Pi $i&ai o)i &plen)i)e Bn are fr%2oa&ele Eolna$e % oEraDii far)a3i+ Bn !alate alEe e
aEea le aoperea% toat Colii%nea+ 2 pri2ea% Bn orele )e tere (i e% treea2 a&tfel
)in o)aie Bn o)aie+ %no&4n) (i i%Ein) Bn fieare )%p 2a& fa&inante onte&e Coale+
% oliere )e perle Bn D%r%l
7,
C4t%l%i (i extraor)inare Er3ri pe 24n+ 2ai ale& onte&e+ ae&tea era% Bn $i&%l 2e%
fe2eile preferateL"
ReC&i2 Bn &izuina... 2%lte a&e2enea pa&aDe+ are &%nt $eritaEile poe2e Bn proO+
n%lee )e o liriitate on)en&ar+ %2 n% afl2 )e4t ! 2arii &riitori )ea)enti(ti"
5tili&ti $orEin)+ M" Ble!er e+ % toatB proEle2atia exi&ten3iali&t a &ri&%l%i &%+ %n
proOator )in &tirpea I% Matei% I" CaraCiale+ a l%i La2pe)%&a+ H%nCer+ DAAnn%nOio" E %n
$iio& a i2aCinii rep%&%lare+ al onte2pla3iei extatie+ al fanta&2elor rei"
La apt%l at4tor e(e%ri ontoloCie+ narator%l )in &izuina.. Bnear experien3a
)efiniti$ a 2or3ii' n% a &in%i)erii+ i a a)4niri on(tiente Bn 2r%ntaiele
Bnt%neri%l%i" In $i& .are e o )er%t ' real%l%i+ o )i&ol%3ie a l%i+ o li!efiere a
aparen3elor/+ per&onaD%l B:Y a&%2 experien3a ea 2ai prof%n) (i 2ai 2i&t%itoare:
trirea morii a neantului. >lti2%l $i&+ % are &e (i Bn!eie+ )e altfel+ arteO iOE%ne(te
Bntr#o noapte )e arna$al .are e o alt 2etafor a Do%T aparen3elor/ 4n)+ )%p o
l%nC perioa) )e aE&tinen3 aloolie narator%l &e Bnfr%pt )intr#o &til % $in"
Alool%l in%n) n% )oa a$it3ile orp%l%i Eolna$+ i (i+ Bn !ip &i2Eoli+ &pa3i%l+
a2era+ pre%i o &%E&tan3 i&teriCen .Pa (i %2 o)aia ar fi E%t (i )4n&aL/" To3i intr
Bntr#o )i&ol%3ie f%ne&t+ )ea&%pra &anatori%l%i f4lf4ie BnCeri 2or3ii+ )in real%l ElaDin
)inainte r&ar 2on(trii apoalip&ei" Per&onaDi Bn&%(i trie(te o(2ar%l Crote& al
prE%(irii Bn teneErele nefiin3e Proietat Bn rani%l %n%i al+ narator%l B(i trie(te
2oartea BnfriC%rri )e2oniae" Co(2ar%l t!anati &%rtir%iteaO toal &peran3ele
$in)erii+ a)4ne(te $i)%l ontoloCi+ reteaO il%Oiile+ Colir fiin3a )e %lti2ele re&%r&e
$itale" Ca (i NietO&!e+ narator%l )in &izuir, poate exla2a+ la apt%l le(in%l%i+ PE%
e&te 2ort@L:
PC% ealalt 24n liEer aprin&ei l%2ina (i at%ni $O%i alerC4n pe 2arCinea
%$ert%rei+ (oriel%l are B2i ron3i&e pleoapa+ Bn aela(i ti2 al3i (oriei &peria3i (i
Opi3i )e l%2in alerCar pe %$ert%r+ l%neai Bn Do& pe ro3ile r%ior%l%i" ."""/
C% %n Ee3i(or &or2onii prin C%ri+ )ar ni2i n% &e a%Oea (i nii i (oriel n% ie(ea la
!e2area 2ea" Era %n friC BnCroOitor pe i2ent%l re. )4r)4ia2 % p%tere+ Bn aela(i
ti2p o)aia $O%t )e Do& 2i &e prea 2%lte lo%ri ne%no&%t+ era a)e$rat ex%r&ie
Bn reCi%ni fanta&tie+ C%rile+ Bn fa3a 2ea C%rile neCre (i rot%n)e B(i )e&!i)ea% o!ii
Bnt%neri" Era a (i %2 2#ar fi pri$it )in orEitele lor Coale" i r2a& 2%t )e
&t%pefa3ie pri$in) la ele" In fa3a 2ea era% )o% a ni(te orE: a$ernoa&e Bntr#a)e$r+ a
(i %2 2#a( fi C&it Bn interior%l %r2i rar Col (i pri$ea2 prin orEitele %&ate afar"
A!a@ A&ta era@ B2i a2intii )eo)& tot%l" P4n at%ni %n)e B2i f%&e&er 2in3ileY Bntr#o
pri2$ar+ Bn Oapa )eOColit )eparte )e ora(+ pe 42piile )eOC!e3ate % C%noaie
f%2eC4n Bn &oare (i &t4r$%ri+ )e&operii %n al 2ort e f%&e&e 24nat )e l%pi
4)
STUDIU INTRODUCTIV
iarn (i p%treOea a%2 Bn aer%l l)%3 (i %2e) al pri2$erii Bntr#%n O%2Oet )e 2%(te (i
)e C4n)ai e foia% Bn el"
Tot%l era 2%r)ar+ p%t%ro&+ rn%ri &triate (i $erOi % li!i)e e &e &%rCea% $4&o&
)intre 2%(!ii p%treOi+ Bn& ap%l+ ei Eine ap%l era &plen)i)+ a )e fil)e(+ % tot%l (i %
tot%l alE+ in&etele Bl ataa&er 2ai Bnt4i (i Bi ro&e&er pielea p4n la o&+ l&4n) %n
rani% &%perE % )in3i 2ari CalEeni )eOColi3i+ %n &tra(ni EiEelo% arti&ti pentr% o
$itrin % por3elan%ri fine (i fil)e(%ri &%2pe+ Bn fa3+ C%rile o!ilor pri$ea% neCre la
&oarele !al%inat (i la 42pia Bn )e&o2p%nere" Era %n rani% at4t )e %rat (i )e
fr%2o&+ Bn4t prea )e&enat+ (i Bntr#a)e$r &e $e)ea% toate Bn!eiet%rile )intre )iferitele
l%i oa&e a ni(te &plen)i)e (i fine aliCrafii &ri&e pe o& % o )exteritate (i %n
rafina2ent 4t &e poate )e )e&$4r(it"
i %2 n% 2 C4n)i&e2 la a&taY
Iat+ a&tea era% C%rile neCre are 2 pri$ea% pe )in%ntr%"
Era2 Bn rani%+ Bn rani%l al%l%i+ Bn &plen)i)%l (i %&at%l Col al oa&elor l%i %&ate" Era
o)aia 2ea+ o o)aie a oriareY Era% rpt%rile pere3ilor rpt%ri a)e$rateY In are
ol3 2 %ita2 reC&ea2 rani%l+ interior%l )e i$ori% (i oa&e+ rpt%rile n% era% )e4t
Bn!eiet%rile % are &e &tr4nCea% oa&ele" i r4n)%l aela )e oEiete CalEene (i l%nCi+
r4nDin) la 2ine" Era% r3i &a% )in3iY Era% )in3i+ % a)e$rat )in3ii al%l%i+ (i e% era2 Bn
rani%+ Bn rani%l l%i"
In &patele 2e%+ )eparte+ &e Bntin)ea &t4r$%l Bn p%treOii%ne" Tot &anatori%l p%treOea
aolo al%nCit+ % tot%l )e&o2p%&" C% oa&ele afar+ fo(nin) )e C4n)ai (i )e $ier2i
are Bi ro)ea% &t4r$%l" i n% n%2ai C4n)aii Bl ro)ea%+ era% (i (oareii are Bi
in$a)a&er (i are ron3ia% (i e% % E%%rie )in !oit+ )in &anatori%l p%tre)+ plin )e
p%r%len3e (i )e rn%ri )e&o2p%&e+ %itat Bn $iDelie+ &%E ronnit%l orEilor (i %rlet%l
$4nt%rilor"
Era2 pe i2ent+ )4r)4ia2 )e friC (i n% (tia2 e & fa"L
I2aCinea al%l%i+ foarte fre$ent Bn proOa l%i Ble!er+ )ar 2ai % &ea2 Bn poe2ele
&ale+ e %n &i2Eol al reCre&i%nii Bn ele2entar' &%CereaO o&2oOa+ pier)erea Bn PteneErele
l%2ii !tonieneL+ Bn P2r%ntaiele p24nt%l%iL+ )%p %2 &p%n erettorii
&i2Eol%rilor"
C% toat CroO$ia nat%rali&t a )etaliilor+ Ble!er n%#(i repri2 nii Bn a&tfel )e relatri
terifie C%&t%l pentr% artifiial+ pentr% re%Oita )ea)enti&t" Bntr#%n reCi&tr% al 2axi2ei
alofilii+ proOator%l ne#a )at i2aCinea fiin3ei )e&po$rate )e propri%l ei orp+ Bn are &#
a %iErit+ $ol%pto&+ &%ferin3a" Ca (i la Cno&tii .la neoplatonii % pre)ere/+ tr%p%l
n% e %n )ar ere&+ i o po$ar Bn alea 24nt%irii" @uis me liberabit de corpore mori0
huiusA Cine 2 $a eliEera )e tr%p%l ae&tei 2or3iY+ &e BntreEa% )i&ipolii l%i Plotin+
fr & pre&i2t BntreEarea $a pl%ti pe&te $ea%ri fr r&p%n&"
Ra+/ 9% e)os/
3 - ntmplri n irealitatea imediat
33
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