Prezentul Perfect

(The Present Perfect Tense)

Cum se formeaza
has/have + past participle Cand se foloseste & Exemple
1. pentru o actiune trecuta cand nu se precizeaza timpul exact (dar se stie ca e in trecut) I have seen that movie 10 times. (Am vazut acel film de 10 ori.) Yes, I have seen that movie. (Da, am vazut acel film.) Uneori se pot folosi adverbe de frecventa sau de timp care nu precizeaza timpul cu exactitate (ever, never, often, seldom, always, sometimes): I have never seen him. (Nu l am vazut niciodata.) . actiunea din trecut are repercursiuni in prezent

I have seen an interesting museum.

(Am vazut un muzeu interesant.) ... in prezent imi amintesc bine acel muzeu.

A terrible accident has happened.

(Un accident teribil a avut loc.) ... inca sunt afectat de acel lucru. !. actiunea e terminata in trecutul apropiat. It has just rained. (!ocmai a plouat.) "n #eneral, propozitiile contin adverbe precum just, recently, lately, latterly, till

now, up to now, so far, up to the present, last week.

". cand actiunea e inceputa in trecut# continua in prezent si se folosesc $%& sau '()CE I have been at home since 5Pm. ($unt acasa de la ora % pm.) I have been at home for 2 hours. ($unt acasa de & ore.) $"N'(: specifica de la ce data) ora. *+,: specifica perioada "n cazul in care actiunea) activitatea e facuta fara intrerupere sau se doreste accentuarea ei se va folosi !-e .resent .erfect 'ontinuous *. in propozitiile care se folosesc adver+ele ,ET (-()C.) si ./&E.0, (-0E1.)

Have you learned Polish curses already ?

(Ai invatat de/a cursurile in poloneza0 )

I have already learned the Polish curses.

(Am invatat d1/2 cursurile in poloneza.)

I have not learned the Polish curses yet.

("nca nu am invatat cursurile in poloneza.) 2. cand actiunea trecuta s3a desfasurat intr3o perioada care a inceput in trecut dar care nu s3a terminat I have eaten a good cake this morning. (este ora 9 am si dimineata nu s-a terminat) (Am mancat o pra/itura buna in aceasta dimineata.) "n acest caz se folosesc constructii ca: this week, this day, this year, this month, all day, all night, today, etc.

Exercitii
!raduceti in en#leza urmatoarele propozitii:

(l stiu pe 0an de 4 ani. (propozitie ce foloseste $"N'( sau *+,)

. nins. (prezentul e afectat3 vedem zapada afara)

(nca nu ti3ai facut temele. (propozitie ce foloseste 4(! sau A5,(AD4)

.m vazut un film interesant in aceasta saptamana. (saptamana nu e terminata)

Form of the Present Perfect

6e form t-e .resent .erfect 7it- -ave and t-e past participle (re#ular verbs: infinitive 8 ed3 irre#ular verbs: 9rd column of t-e table of t-e irre#ular verbs) -ave)-as 8 past participle -as: 9rd person sin#ular (-e, s-e, it) -ave: all ot-er forms past participle: re#ular verbs: infinitive 8 ed irre#ular verbs: 9rd column of t-e table of t-e irre#ular verbs

Affirmative sentences
regular verbs I/we/you/they have opened the window. He/she/it has opened the window. irregular verbs I/we/you/they have gone to the supermarket. He/she/it has gone to the supermarket.

N+!(: 6e use -as in t-e 9rd person sin#ular (-e, s-e, it).

Negative sentences
regular verbs I/we/you/they have not opened the window. He/she/it has not opened the window. irregular verbs I/we/you/they have not gone to the supermarket. He/she/it has not gone to the supermarket.

N+!(: 6e use -as in t-e 9rd person sin#ular (-e, s-e, it).

Questions
regular verbs Have I/we/you/they opened the window? Has he/she/it opened the window? irregular verbs Have I/we/you/they gone to the supermarket? Has he/she/it gone to the supermarket?

N+!(: 6e use -as in t-e 9rd person sin#ular (-e, s-e, it).

Long forms and short forms in the Present Perfect

6e often use s-ort forms of t-e auxiliaries. !-e .resent .erfect is formed 7it- t-e auxiliar: -ave. $o s-ort forms are used fre;uentl: 7it- t-e .resent .erfect.
affirmative long form I, we, you, they: I have gone he, she, it: he has gone short form I, we, you, they: I've gone he, she, it: he's gone

negative (have not) long form I, we, you, they: I have not gone he, she, it: he has not gone short form I, we, you, they: I haven't gone or I've not gone he, she, it: he hasn't gone or he's not gone

Present Perfect - Signal words

!-ese 7ords tell :ou 7-at tense :ou -ave to use. *or t-e .resent .erfect t-e follo7in# 7ords are used fre;uentl::
just yet never already ever so far up to now recently

since for

Present Perfect - Spelling

4ou -ave to <no7 all forms of t-e irre#ular verbs ver: 7ell. *or t-e .resent .erfect :ou need t-e form of t-e verb 7-ic- can be found in t-e 9rd column of t-e table of t-e irre#ular verbs. #o 7ent #one Add ed 7it- re#ular verbs.
regular verbs infinitive !ed

$ometimes t-e are exceptions in spellin# 7-en addin# ed.

1) consonant after a short, stressed vowel at the end of the word

Double t-e consonant. stop = stopped s7ap s7apped 6e do not double t-e consonant if it is not stressed: benefit benefited (>ere 7e stress t-e first ?e?, not t-e ?i?.) "n @rits- (n#lis- 7e double one l at t-e end of t-e 7ord: travel travelled
) one -e at the end of the word

5eave out t-e e. Add d. love = loved save = saved

!) ver"s ending in -#

verbs endin# in ?:? preceded b: a vo7el (a, e, i, o, u):Add ed. pla: pla:ed '-an#e ?:? to ?i? after a consonant. !-en add ed. 7orr: 7orried
irregular verbs

"rd column of the ta#le of the irregular ver#s

Special ver"s in the Present Perfect

1) have as a full verb affirmative sentence I, we, you, they: I have had a #ook. he, she, it: He has had a #ook. He has not had a #ook. Has he had a #ook? I have not had a #ook. Have I had a #ook? negative sentence question

2) be as a full verb affirmative sentence I, we, you, they: I have #een to $ritain. he, she, it: He has #een to $ritain. He has not #een to $ritain. Has he #een to $ritain? I have not #een to $ritain. Have I #een to $ritain? negative sentence question

3) do as a full verb affirmative sentence I, we, you, they: I have done an e%ercise. he, she, it: He has done an e%ercise. He has not done an e%ercise. Has he done an e%ercise? I have not done an e%ercise. Have I done an e%ercise? negative sentence question

N+!(: 6e sometimes use s-ort forms for -ave (-as) 7it- affirmative or ne#ative sentences.

Present Perfect - $se

1) %esult of an action in the past is important in the present

" -ave cleaned m: room.

) %ecentl# completed action

>e -as /ust pla:ed -andball.

!) State "eginning in the past and still continuing

6e -ave lived in 'anada since 1ABC.

&) together with latel#, recentl#, #et

" -ave been to 5ondon recentl:.

Signal words
/ust, :et, never, alread:, ever, so far, up to no7, recentl:, since, for

Form
-ave)-as 8 past participle

'(amples
Affirmative sentences) I have cleaned my room. I've cleaned my room. &ou have cleaned your room. &ou've cleaned your room.

Negative sentences) I have not cleaned my room. I've not cleaned my room. I haven't cleaned my room. &ou have not cleaned your room. &ou've not cleaned your room. &ou haven't cleaned your room.

Questions)

"n t-e .resent .erfect 7e put t-e auxiliar: (-ave or -as) before t-e sub/ect (Auxiliar: $ub/ect Derb ,est). see: Euestions in .resent .erfect
Have I cleaned my room? Have you cleaned your room?

.ut in t-e verbs in brac<ets into t-e #aps. Use Present Perfect.

1) Faren &) Dave and .at 9) " G) !-e: %) Harcus C) 6e I) " B) (mil: A) 5isa and 'olin 10) H: friends

me an e mail. (to send) t-e museum. (to visit)

at t-e pet s-op. (to be) alread: t-eir ruc<sac<s. (to pack)

an accident. (to have) t-e s-oppin# for our #randmot-er. (to do) /ust m: bi<e. (to clean) -er room. (to paint) to a concert. (to go) smo<in#. (to give up)

.ut in t-e verbs in brac<ets into t-e #aps. Use Present Perfect. Hind t-e si#nal 7ords (if #iven).

1) !-e students &) !-e cat 9) Jac< and @rian G) >e %) Julia C) H: friends I) " B) !-e bab: -ed#e-o#s A) !-e teac-er

a fli#-t to Dienna. (to book) a mouse. (just/to catch) t-is picture. (to draw) -is friends. (already/to invite) a table 7it- t-ree columns. (to make) t-e Keo#rap-: test. (to pass) t-e rabbits. (just/to feed) t-e 7ater. !-e: are sleepin# no7. (to drink) t-e <e:s, so -e can?t open t-e door. (to lose)

10) 6e t-e 7or<s-eets. (already/to download) .ut in t-e verbs in brac<ets into t-e #aps and form ne#ative sentences in Present Perfect.

1) +ur class &) !im and Joe 9) "t G) !-e cat %) " C) 6e I) *red B) !-e: A) $teven 10) !-e teac-er

t-e test :et. (not/to write) a box. (not/to carry) to sno7. (not/to start) onto t-e table. (not/to jump) t-e castle. (not/to visit) out of t-e room. (not/to go) t-e mone:. (not/to steal) Anne about it. (not/to tell) t-rou#- t-e par<. (not/to walk) to t-e part:. (not/to come)

.ut in t-e 7ords in brac<ets into t-e #aps in Present Perfect. Hind t-e si#nal 7ord (if #iven).

1) $-e &) !-e: 9) H: fat-er G) !-e c-ildren %) Jason and !on: C) >is mot-er I) " B) H: boss A) >e 10) $ara-

-er room a !ablet .'

. (not/to tidy up/yet) . (not/to use/so far)

t-e car. "t is still dirt:. (not/to polish) t-e comics . (not/to read/yet)

t-e 7ords, so t-e: 7ill probabl: fail t-e test. (not/to learn) brea<fast on a la<e in 7inter . (not/to make/so far) . (not/to skate/yet)

t-e -elpline. (not/to phone) -is favourite ! s-irt -imself. (not/to wash) -er do# . (not/to take out/yet)

.ut in t-e correct verb forms into t-e #aps. Use t-e Present Perfect.

1) &) 9) G)

:ou :our brot-er Julian ever

t-e <itc-en door0 (to paint) t-e s-oppin#0 (to do) a spider0 (to touch) on an elep-ant0 (to ride)

:our fat-er ever

%) C) 6-at I) B) A) 6-o 10)

5ee :ou @ill :ou ever

-is parents :et0 (to ask) in :our text0 (to write) t-e radio0 (to turn off) in a -elicopter0 (to fly)

t-e 7indo70 (to break) :ou ever for :our friends0 (to cook)

.ut in t-e 7ords in brac<ets into t-e #aps in Present Perfect. Hind t-e si#nal 7ord (if #iven).

1) $-e &) !-e: 9) H: fat-er G) !-e c-ildren %) Jason and !on: learn) C) >is mot-er I) " B) H: boss A) >e 10) $ara-

-er room a !ablet .'

. (not/to tidy up/yet) . (not/to use/so far)

t-e car. "t is still dirt:. (not/to polish) t-e comics . (not/to read/yet)

t-e 7ords, so t-e: 7ill probabl: fail t-e test. (not/to brea<fast on a la<e in 7inter . (not/to make/so far) . (not/to skate/yet)

t-e -elpline. (not/to phone) -is favourite ! s-irt -imself. (not/to wash) -er do# . (not/to take out/yet)

.ut in t-e verbs in brac<ets into t-e #aps. Use Present Perfect. 6atc- t-e punctuation and form sentences or ;uestions.

1) (mma &) >o7 often 9) G) Jo-n

t-is film on !D. (not/to see) s-e t-e Hillers t-e office0 (to phone) :et0 (to arrive)

on a trip t-rou#- Alas<a. (not/to go)

%) C) And: I) 6-at B) " A)

t-e: ever

to Ne7 4or<0 (to be)

-is sister?s bi<e. (not/to repair) :ou a ne7 laptop. (to buy) !ob: -is blue pen0 (to find) in t-e <itc-en0 (to drop)

10) !-e students t-eir -ome7or<. (not/to forget) .ut in t-e 7ords in brac<ets into t-e #aps. Use Present Perfect. Hind t-e t:pes of t-e sentences and t-e si#nal 7ords (if #iven).

1) " &) 9) !-e: G) %) $-e C) H: parents I) >e B) 6e A) !om 10) Fen and *red

in a restaurant before. (never/to work) t-e sc-ool bus0 (Robin/to miss/ever) eac- ot-er :our -air "ndia t7ice. (to visit) me a lot -is teet" lost m: /ob. (to help/since) . (not/to brush/yet) a lon# time no7. (to know/for) 0 (you/to dye/yet)

t-e apple tree. (already/to plant) a lot " last sa7 -im. (to grow up/since) to #o to t-e part: . (not/to decide/yet)

$a: 7-at :ou -ave already done (8) and 7-at :ou have not done :et ( ).

1) " &) " 9) " G) " %) " C) " I) "

. (+/already/to listen to music) . (-/not/to go swimming/yet) . (+/already/to take some photos) . (+/already/to help Jane in the kitchen) . (-/not/to play the guitar/yet) . (+/already/to have fun with my friends) . (-/not/to wash my shirts/yet)

B) " A) " 10) " ,our Test

. (-/not/to make my bed/yet) . (+/already/to do the washing-up) . (-/not/to speak to my aths teacher/yet)

.) &e5rite the phrase into Present Perfect. (xample: -e cries he has cried 1) t-e: clean &) 7e don?t for#et 9) s-e pla:s G) " run %) s-e doesn?t <no7 C) :ou finisI) :ou bou#-t B) -e finds A) it rains 10) 7e sin# 6) )e7ate the sentences. 1) 6e -ave seen t-e film.

&) !-e t7ins -ave bro<en t-e 7indo7.

9) Anne -as lost -er mobile p-one.

G) $am -as built a tree -ouse.

%) .ats: -as cut -er fin#er.

C) $-e -as done t-e s-oppin#.

I) !-e: -ave stolen t-e lipstic<.

B) !-e: -ave #one to t-e par<.

A) Jeff -as made pizza.

10) " -ave learned ne7 7ords.

C) since or for8 1) a fe7 minutes &) '-ristmas 9) a lon# time G) t7o -ours %) $unda: C) five :ears I) 1& o?cloc< B) :ears A) 1AAI 10) " 7as t-ree :ears old 0) 9hich ans5er is correct8 1) (n 5hich sentence is the Present Perfect put in correctl:8 !-e lesson -as /ust be#an. !-e lesson -as /ust be#un.

!-e lesson -ave /ust be#un. &) (n 5hich ;uestion is the Present Perfect put in correctl:8 >ad :ou -ad spa#-etti for lunc-0 >as :ou -ad spa#-etti for lunc-0 >ave :ou -ad spa#-etti for lunc-0 9) (n 5hich ;uestion is the Present Perfect put in correctl:8 >as :ou ever seen an ea#le0 >ave :ou ever sa7 an ea#le0 >ave :ou ever seen an ea#le0 G) (n 5hich sentence is the Present Perfect put in correctl:8 (mil: -as losed -er -andba#. (mil: -as lost -er -andba#. (mil: -ave lost -er -andba#. %) (n 5hich sentence is the Present Perfect put in correctl:8 !-e: -as met at t-e airport. !-e: -ave meeted at t-e airport. !-e: -ave met at t-e airport. C) (n 5hich sentence is the Present Perfect put in correctl:8 6e -as left for (dinbur#-. 6e -ave leaved for (dinbur#-. 6e -ave left for (dinbur#-. I) (n 5hich sentence is the Present Perfect put in correctl:8 " -as bou#-t a ne7 computer. " -ave bou#-t a ne7 computer. " -ave bu:ed a ne7 computer. B) (n 5hich sentence is the Present Perfect put in correctl:8

5iam -as dra7ed a picture. 5iam -as dra7n a picture. 5iam -ave dra7n a picture. A) (n 5hich sentence is the Present Perfect put in correctl:8 >e -as for#etted -is -ome7or<. >e -as for#otten -is -ome7or<. >e -ave for#otten -is -ome7or<. 10) (n 5hich ;uestion is the Present Perfect put in correctl:8 6-ere -as :ou #one0 6-ere -ave :ou #oed0 6-ere -ave :ou #one0 E) 9hich ans5ers are correct8 1) 9hich ver+ forms are used 5ith the Present Perfect8 -ad 8 infinitive 8 ed -ad 8 past participle -as 8 past participle -ave 8 infinitive 8 ed -ave 8 past participle infinitive 8 ed &) 9hich ver+ forms are used 5ith the Present Perfect8 -ad -ad -ad -as -as -ad -ave -ad 9) 9hat are t:pical si7nal 5ords for the Present Perfect8 alread: at t-e moment

ever /ust last ni#-t usuall: :et $) 9hich form is correct8 1) t-e: -oped &) t-e: listened 9) it c-an#ed G) -e ta<en %) s-e drun< C) :ou sold I) it closed B) 7e fed A) :ou #ro7n 10) " t-ro7n

(rre7ular ver+s
infinitive be bear beat become be#in bend betL bid bind bite simple past 7as)7ere bore beat became be#an bent bet bid, bade bound bit past participle been borne)born (A() beaten become be#un bent bet bid, bidden bound bitten

bleed blo7 brea< breed brin# broadcast build burstL bustL bu: cast catcc-oose clin# come cost creep cut deal di# dive do dra7 drin< drive eat fall feed feel fi#-t find flee flin# fl: forbid forecastL for#et forsa<e freeze #et #ive #rind #o #ro7 -an#

bled bled ble7 blo7n bro<e bro<en bred bred brou#-t brou#-t broadcast broadcast built built burst burst bust bust bou#-t bou#-t cast cast cau#-t cau#-t c-ose c-osen clun# clun# came come cost cost crept crept cut cut dealt dealt du# du# dived)dove(A() dived did done dre7 dra7n dran< drun< drove driven ate eaten fell fallen fed fed felt felt fou#-t fou#-t found found fled fled flun# flun# fle7 flo7n forbade, forbad forbidden forecast forecast for#ot for#otten forsoo< forsa<en froze frozen #ot #ot, #otten (A() #ave #iven #round #round 7ent #one #re7 #ro7n -un# -un#

-ave -ear -ide -it -old -urt <eep <no7 la: lead leave lend let lie li#-tL lose ma<e mean meet pa: proveL put ;uitL read rid ride rin# rise run sa: see see< sell send set se7L s-a<e s-earL s-ed s-ine s-oot s-o7L s-ut sin# sin<

-ad -eard -id -it -eld -urt <ept <ne7 laid led left lent let la: lit lost made meant met paid proved put ;uit read rid rode ran# rose ran said sa7 sou#-t sold sent set se7ed s-oo< s-eared s-ed s-one s-ot s-o7ed s-ut san# san<

-ad -eard -idden -it -eld -urt <ept <no7n laid led left lent let lain lit lost made meant met paid proven put ;uit read rid ridden run# risen run said seen sou#-t sold sent set se7n s-a<en s-orn s-ed s-one s-ot s-o7n s-ut sun# sun<

sit sla: sleep slide slin# slin< slit so7 spea< speedL spend spin spit split spread sprin# stand steal stic< stin# stin< stride stri<e strin# strive s7ear s7eep s7ellL s7im s7in# ta<e teactear tell t-in< t-riveL t-ro7 t-rust tread understand 7a<eL 7ear 7eave 7eep 7etL

sat sle7 slept slid slun# slun< slit so7ed spo<e sped spent spun spat, spit split spread spran# stood stole stuc< stun# stan<, stun< strode struc< strun# strove s7ore s7ept s7elled s7am s7un# too< tau#-t tore told t-ou#-t t-rove t-re7 t-rust trod understood 7o<e 7ore 7ove 7ept 7et

sat slain slept slid slun# slun< slit so7n spo<en sped spent spun spat, spit split spread sprun# stood stolen stuc< stun# stun< stridden struc< strun# striven s7orn s7ept s7ollen s7um s7un# ta<en tau#-t torn told t-ou#-t t-rived t-ro7n t-rust trodden, trod understood 7o<en 7orn 7oven 7ept 7et

7in 7ind 7rin# 7rite

7on 7ound 7run# 7rote

7on 7ound 7run# 7ritten

L re#ular form (8 ed) also possible. !-e trend, in (n#lis-, and especiall: in American (n#lis-, is to standardize t-e irre#ular verbs. 6e do not foresee all t-e irre#ular verbs ever bein# standardized, but some of t-e more minor variations in less commonl: used 7ords 7ill probabl: disappear in t-e next #enration or t7o. !-e follo7in# (n#lis- irre#ular verbs are no7 obsolete and use t-e standard past and participle forms ( ed). infinitive d7ell <neel lean mo7 smell spell spill spoil trust !-e follo7in# verbs use t-e standard past and participle forms ( ed) in American (n#lis-. infinitive burn dream learn