Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
-un mediu;
Un diapazon
Infrasunete 0 20 Hz
Sunete 20 20.000 Hz
Intensitate (W/m2)
Exemplu
-
100 dB?
Test1 Test2
Hearing Response of the Ear
Unde sferice
Energ
Sunet
Exemplu
a)
b)
automobil?
a) 126 W; b) 96 dB
Efectul Doppler
Observator fix
Simulare
Exemplu
Ana
960
Ana este 1000 Hz (c=343 m/s).
14,29 m/s
Efectul Doppler
Sursa se apropie:
Exemplul 1
de 21,4 m/s,
3520 Hz (c = 343 m/s).
a) Hz
b) cm
c) Hz
Exemplul 2
de cu viteza de
21,4 m/s, tren)
3520 Hz (c = 343 m/s).
a) 3300 Hz
b) 9.74 cm
c) 3106 Hz
Exemplul 2
Ox
Observatorul A: ;
Observatorul B: ;
Observatorul C: ;
Observatorul D: .
Exemplul 4
Hz,
. , un observator cu
:
Hz;
Hz;
c) Nu
Sau
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvJAgrUBF4w
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odJxJRAxdFU
.
, , .
0,5 m/s
(bangul sonic)
Un boom sonic apare c nd un obiect se
deplaseaz mai rapid dec t sunetul.
Este produs de undele de presiune din aer
care se acumuleaz n fa a obiectului, fiind
eliberate apoi sub forma undei de soc.
Cu t obiectul are dimeniuni mai mari, cu
at t bangul sonic e mai puternic.
Bangul sonic genereaz cantit i uria e
de energie. Avioanele nu au voie sa zboare
la altitudini joase deasupra ora elor
datorit posibilelor consecin e,
asem natoare cu cele produse de explozii.
Boomul sonic nu
sunet continuu generat de un
PROBLEMA 1.17
Un avion cu cu viteza m/s la n l imea km.
Care este forma frontului undei de avion? La ce de o cas se
va afla avionul geamurile acesteia ncep s vibreze?
Viteza sunetului este m/s.
, apare
un fenomen de compresie a acestora. va rezulta o
Cu cat viteza avionului e mai mare, cu atat unghiul conului e mai mic.
electrice.
Sonic Boom
Suprapunerea undelor (pachet de unde)
,
Intensitatea undei
Viteza de grup
vg v
-
Cutremure unde seismice
Sunetul
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hxJa7EvYoFI
Cutremur
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nTlgtf7TME
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jXnp4a1t6y8
3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aY6SG7GPAlo
Mercalli
Scara Richter a fost creata in 1935 de seismologul american Charles F Richter.
Aceasta de este si permite stabilirea
epicentrului unui seism. sunt cu ajutorul seismografelor. Scara de
magnitudine Richter este o scara logaritmica, ceea ce ca puterea
cutremurului se de 10 ori de la un grad la altul.
Scara Mercalli este bazata pe personale, subiective, din timpul
cutremurului. Aceasta scara intensitatea cutremurului in de efectele
acestuia asupra si a mediului Stabilirea valorii se face subiectiv,
cu descrierile din tabel, nefiind de aparate. Aceasta scara a fost
inventata de seismologul italian Giuseppe Mercalli.
Efectele unui cutremur valoarea pe scara Mercalli) nu depind de valoarea
magnitudinii (Richter) ci de mai parametri: cutremurului (un cutremur
de este mult mai unul de calitatea materialelor
de folosite in regiunea in care are loc seismul, etc.
XII
Distrugere totala. de teren, au loc importante de relief, obiectele sunt
aruncate in aer.
Tsunamis
Preethi Ganapathy
Physical Oceanography
November 20, 2007
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBkMLYUyUZg
Tsu Nami
Physics of Tsunamis
Causes of Tsunamis
Physics of Tsunamis
Tsunamis have very long wavelengths and
periods
Equations of motion:
x= x0sin(kx t)
y= - y0cos(kx t)
Vertical amplitude: y0= x0kH
Velocities:
Vx= x0( t)cos(kx t)
Vy= x0kH( t)cos(kx t)
Energies:
U=2 Lg x02kH2
T= 2 L 2 x02 2 H/k
Dispersion Relation: 2=gHk2
Physics of Tsunamis
Dispersion Equation shows:
Phase velocity: vp= gh)
Group velocity: vg=d /dk gh)
Causes of Tsunamis
Tsunamis from:
Earthquakes
Landslides
Volcanism
Cosmic Impact
Causes of Tsunamis
Tsunami from Earthquakes. Most common cause of Tsunamis:
Subduction of plate causes transfer of energy to water during rupture
Water rushes landward and seaward
Tsunami History
The 1755 Lisbon earthquake, along with the resulting tsunami and fires, led to near total
destruction of the Portuguese capital.
One of the worst tsunami disasters engulfed whole villages along Sanriku, Japan, in
1896. A wave more than seven stories tall (about 20 m) drowned some 26,000 people.
1946: An earthquake in the Aleutian Islands sent a tsunami to Hawaii, killing 159 people
(only five died in Alaska).
1958: A very localized tsunami in Lituya Bay, Alaska was the highest ever recorded: more
than 500 m (1500 ft) above sea level. It did not extend much beyond the outlet of the fjord
in which it occurred, but did kill two people in a fishing vessel.
1976: August 16 (midnight) a tsunami killed more than 5000 people in the Moro Gulf
region (Cotabato city) of the Philippines.
1983: 104 people in western Japan were killed by a tsunami spawned from a nearby
earthquake.
July 17, 1998: A Papua New Guinea tsunami killed roughly 3,000 people. A 7.1
magnitude earthquake 15 miles offshore was followed within 10 minutes by a tsunami
about 12 m tall. While the magnitude of the quake was not large enough to create a
tsunami directly, it is believed the earthquake generated an undersea landslide, which in
turn caused the tsunami. The villages of Arop and Warapu were destroyed.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-HwPR_4mP4
Modelare tsunami https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SlwZzbGh7Cw