Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Daniel Ciobotu
23-09-2005
Abstract
.
Ei ∩ Ej = ∅, ∀i, j = 1, n, i 6= j, (1)
1
• reflexiva, daca
(x, x) ∈ G, ∀x ∈ A. (2)
• simetrica, daca
(x, y) ∈ G ⇒ (y, x) ∈ G. (3)
• antisimetrica, daca
• tranzitiva, daca
â =: {x ∈ E|xRa} . (6)
2
Definition 12 O aplicatie
f
(G0 , +) → (G, ∗) (7)
Proposition 13
(Im f, ∗) ≤ (G, ∗) . (10)
Proof.
f (x) ∗ [f (y)]−1 = f (x) ∗ f (−y) = f (x − y) .
Proposition 14
(Ker f, +) ≤ (G0 , +) . (11)
Proof.
” ⇒ ”
Fie x ∈ Ker f ⇒ f (x) = 1G . Dar f (0G0 ) = 1G . Rezulta
deci ca f (x) = f (0G0 ) . Dar f este o aplicatie surjectiva. Deci
x = 0G0 ⇒ Ker f = {0G0 } .
3
Proof.
” ⇐ ”
Fie x, y ∈ G cu proprietatea ca f (x) = f (y) .Atunci
f (x) ∗ [f (y)]−1 = 1G ⇒ f (x − y) = 1G ⇒ (x − y) ∈ Ker f .
| {z }
f (−y)
∀h ∈ H, −g + h + g ∈ H. (12)