1

3. The este articol hotarat pentru orice substantiv

CURS DE ENGLEZA si la singular si la plural. La substantivele care
incep cu o vocala, exemplu: uncle, aunt, the
IN 900 DE PASI rimeaza cu cuvantul romanesc zi.

1.ARTICOLUL baiatul - the boy

fata - the girl
baietii - the boys
fetele - the girls
unchiul - the uncle
1. A este articol nehotarat pentru orice substantiv
matusa - the aunt
care incepe cu o consoana sau cu o semivocala (w,
y sau sunetul iu)
An este articol nehotarat pentru orice substantiv
care incepe cu o vocala. 4. Daca dorim sa accentuam un substantiv care
incepe cu o consoana, the se pronunta ca in cazul
un baiat - a boy substantivelor care incep cu o vocala.
o fata - a girl
un unchi - an uncle Iata! Aceea este casa (cu pricina)! - Look! That is
o matusa - an aunt THE house!
o fereastra - a window
un razboi - a war
un an - a year 5. Un substantiv la singular cu cateva exceptii
un european - a European (eu se citeste iu) trebuie sa aiba un determinativ, acesta poate fi un
o universitate - a university (u aici se citeste iu) articol: a, an, the; un adjectiv pronominal (posesiv,
o umbrela - an umbrella (u aici se citeste ca a din demonstrativ, etc) my house = casa mea, this house
padure) = casa aceasta sau un numeral, ten cars = zece
masini, in romaneste acest lucru nu e totdeauna
obligatoriu

2. Some se foloseste ca plural pentru articolul in dulap - in the cupboard

nehotarat. pe raft - on the shelf
in sertarul meu - in my drawer
In limba engleza, articolul nehotarat nu are plural.
In limba romana insa, articolul nehotarat are la
plural forma niste.
Acesta se traduce prin some care in limba engleza 6. Articolul se pune intre prepozitie si substantiv
apartine altei categorii gramaticale. dar inaintea oricarui adjectiv.

niste baieti - some boys un baiat inalt - a tall boy

niste fete - some girls fata inalta - the tall girl
niste unchi - some uncles in copacul inalt - in the tall tree
niste matusi - some aunts

7. Partile corpului se folosesc cu un adjectiv

posesiv daca actiunea e facuta de cel ce detine acel

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corp dar cu un articol daca actiunea e facuta

asupra acelei persoane.
11. Pentru materii nu se foloseste articol:
A fost impuscat in brat - He was shot in the arm.
L-a privit in ochi - He looked him in the eye aurul straluceste - gold shines
El a ridicat mana - He raised his hand matasea e moale - silk is soft
El s-a uitat la piciorul sau - He looked at his leg
Iesi cu mainile deasupra capului - Come out with
your hands above your head
12. Substantivele abstracte nu neecesita:

Iubirea nu moare niciodata - Love never dies

8. La meserii se pune a, an la singular atunci cand Inteligenta nu poate fi usor masurata - Intelligence
meseria face parte dintr-un predicat nominal can not be measured easily
(verbul propozitiei e a fi = to be) la plural insa nu
se pune articol.
De fapt orice substantiv singular din cadrul unui
predicat nominal cere articol in caz ca nu are alt 13. La plural nu se foloseste articolul, ca si pe
determinativ (vezi ultimele doua exemple) romaneste daca se fac afirmatii generale

Sora mea e profesoara -My sister is a teacher. Cartile sunt grele dar trebuie sa iau cartile mari cu
Vreau sa fiu pompier - I want to be a fireman mine - Books are heavy but I must take THE big
Ei vor sa fie pompieri - They want to be firemen books with me.

Ea e matusa mea - She is my aunt

Shawn is a boy. - Shawn este baiat.
14. In titlurile articolelor din ziar de multe ori
articolele sunt omise

9. La popoare se pune the si adjectivul cu litera Un student incendiaza o casa - Student burns down
mare house
iar pentru terminatiile sh, s si ch se foloseste Barbat muscat de un papagal - Man bit by parrot.
singularul (adica nu se mai pune un s):

francezii - the French

elvetienii - the Swiss 15. Articolul se omite in indicatii scenice
americanii - the Americans
italienii - the Italians Hamlet isi pune intrebarea celebra - Hamlet asks
famous question

10. Spre deosebire de limba romana, la

substantivele folosite in sens general este necesar 16. Articolul ca si in romaneste nu apare la
articolul nehotarat: inceputul explicatiilor din dictionare

Ca prieten - As a friend Peru: tara din America de Sud - Petru: country in

Ce om! - What a man! South America

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2.SUBSTANTIVUL fier - iron

apa - water
aer - air
etc
17. Ca si in romana substantivele se pot numara si
se acorda in numar cu alte parti de vorbire (articol,
verb) 22. In cazul numelor de substante, substantivele nu
au plural
un baiat, doi baieti - one boy, two boys
Un fermier are o ferma - A farmer has a farm apa - water
Some farmers have a farm - Niste fermieri au o aer - air
ferma. fier - iron
lemn - wood
silk - matase
sange - blood
18. Substantivul nu se acorda cu adjectivul

un baiat inalt - a tall boy

niste baieti inalti - some tall boys 23. Substantivele abstracte nu au plural:

o fata inalta - a tall girl prietenie - friendship

niste fete inalte - some tall girls bucurie - joy
lucrare - work

19. In general substantivele nu au gen si chiar cand

au, substantivul si adjectivul nu se acorda nici dupa
gen, nici dupa numar, nici dupa caz.
Exemplu: adjectivul friendly ramane neschimbat.
un chelner prietenos - a friendly waiter
o chelnerita prietenoasa - a friendly waitress
chelneri prietenosi - friendly waiters
chelnerite prietenoase - friendly waitresses
24. Substantive fara singular:
fizica - physics, politica - politics; acestea se
folosesc cu verbul la singular:
fizica este o stiinta - physics is a science
foarfece - scissors, ochelari - eyeglasses (obiecte
pereche)se folosesc cu verbul la plural: These
scissors are sharp (Aceasta foarfeca e ascutita).

25. Cand un obiect pereche e folosit cu "a pair of"

20. Pentru substantivele colective(politie, counsiliu verbul e la singular.
etc) desi substantivul e la singular, verbul se poate
pune la plural: There is a pair of eyeglasses on the table - Este o
pereche de ochelari pe masa.
consiliul nu ajunge la o intelegere - the council
disagree (in loc de disagrees)

26. Ca regula generala pluralul se formeaza

21. Ca si in limba romana exista substantive fara adaugand un s.
plural
3

boy - boys (baiat - baieti)
girl - girls (fata - fete)
aunt - aunts (matusa - matusi)
uncle - uncles (unchi - unchi)
27. Daca substantivul la rostirea lui nu accepta s
se pune o alta terminatie dupa caz.
28. Daca substantivul se termina in s la plural se
pune es:
bus - buses (autobuz - autobuze)
class - classes (clasa - clase)
boss - bosses (sef, sefi)
29. Daca substantivul se termina in ch la plural se
pune es:
church - churches (biserica - biserici)
patch - patches (petec - petece)
bench - benches (banca - banci)
30. Daca substantivul se termina in x la plural se
pune es:
box - boxes (cutie - cutii)
fox - foxes (vulpe - vulpi)
mix - mixes (amestec - amestecuri)
31. Daca substantivul se termina in z la plural se
pune es:
buzz - buzzes (biziit - biziituri) quiz - quizes
(extemporal - extemporale)
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32. Daca substantivul se termina in sh la plural se
pune es:
bush - bushes (tufis - tufisuri)
crash - crashes (ciocnire - ciocniri)
eyelash - eyelashes (geana - gene)
33. Daca substantivul se termina in f sau fe la
plural se pune ves:
calf - calves (vitel - vitei)
knife - knives (cutit - cutite)
wife - wives (sotie - sotii)
34. Daca substantivul se termina in doi f nu se pune
ves la plural
cuff - cuffs (buton - butoni)
muff - muffs (manson - mansoane)
35. Daca substantivul se termina in consoana + y
la plural y devine i si pluralul se face cu es:
country - countries (tara - tari)
fly - flies (musca - muste)
party - parties (petrecere - petreceri)
36. Daca insa substantivul se termina in vocala + y
pluralul se face cu s:
day - days (zi - zile)
play - plays (piesa de teatru - piese de teatru)
37. Daca substantivul se termina in o pluralul se
face cu es:
tomato - tomatoes (rosie - rosii)
potato - potatoes (cartof - cartofi)
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38. Exista exceptii de formare a pluralului
man - men (barbat - barbati)
woman - women (femeie - femei)
child - chidren (copil - copii)
goose - geese (gasca - gaste)
mouse - mice (soarece - soareci)
ox - oxen (bou - boi)
39. Daca substantivul e neologism pluralul poate
avea alta forma:
analysis - analyses (analiza - analize)
datum - data
40. Unele substantive au pluralul identic cu
singularul, dar verbul se pune in functie de
numarul la care se refera contextul.
series - series
sheep - sheep (oaie - oi)
deer - deer (caprioara - caprioare)
There is a deer in the bush. - E o caprioara in tufis.
There are deer in these forests - Sunt caprioare in
aceste paduri
41. Cateodata pluralul se refera la mai multe tipuri
din substantivul respectiv:
fruit (fruct, fructe) - fruits (tipuri de fruct) fish
(peste, pesti) - fishes (tipuri de peste)
cheese (branza) - cheeses (branzeturi)
meat (carne) - meats (carnuri)
42. Genul substantivului:Daca substantivul prin
inteles are un gen atunci pronumele care ii tine
locul va fi he pentru masculin, she pentru feminin si
it pentru neutru.
5
My friend is ten. He is in fourth grade - Prietenul
meu are zece ani. El e in clasa a patra.
My sister is six. She is in first grade - Sora mea are
sase ani. Ea e in clasa intai.
My room is small. It is a mess. - Canera mea e
mica. Ea e dezordonata.
43. Unele substantive pot capata gen prin
personificare:
Ship - Vapor, poate fi she
44. Genul poate fi format prin adaugarea sufixului
ess la feminin. Dar numai pentru anumite cuvinte.
Nu adaugati daca nu stiti ca acel cuvant accepta
aceasta:
waiter - chelner, waitress - chelnerita
actor - actor, actress - actrita
lion - leu, lioness - leoaica
45. La pasari doar daca se vrea sa se precizeze
genul se zice cock sau hen.
sparrow - vrabie
cock sparrow - vrabioi
hen sparrow - vrabiuta
parrot - papagal
cock parrot - mascul de papagal
hen parrot - femela de papagal
46. Exceptie de la aceasta regula:
peacock e paun in general iar peahen e paunita.
Pea singur ar insemna mazare.
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47. La unele animale se formeaza altfel genul (tot
ca mai sus, numai daca trebuie precizat):
goat - capra: billy goat, nanny goat
ass - catar: jack ass, jenny ass
48. Nominativ:
Raspunde la intrebarea: cine? sau ce?
Dan merge la scoala. Cine merge la scoala? Dan.
Dan goes to school - Dan merge la scoala.
The boy goes to school - Baiatul merge la scoala
49. Genitiv:
Raspunde la intrebarile: al cui? a cui? ai cui? ale
cui?
Copertile cartii sunt verzi.
Ale cui coperti sunt verzi? Ale cartii.
Copertile cartii sunt verzi.
The covers of the book are green
sau
The book's covers are green
50. 's se numeste genitivul saxon sau posessive
case.
E mult mai folosit decat forma cu of.
Apostrophe s, apostrophe s
Shows the things that we posses
Apostrof s, apostrof s,
Arata ceea ce noi posedam
51. Genitivul saxon 's se foloseste: la singularul
substantivelor:
my brother's friend - prietenul fratelui meu
the cat's kittens - pisoii pisicii
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52. Genitivul saxon 's se foloseste si la pluralele
care nu se termina in s:
men - barbat, men's - barbatilor
Men's cloting is changing - Imbracamintea
barbatilor (pentru barbati) se schimba
53. Daca substantivul e la plural si se termina cu s,
genitivul saxon devine numai apostrof si nu se
citeste
My friends' cars are out there - Masinile prietenilor
mei sunt acolo
The girls' recital is tomorrow. - Recitalul fetelor are
loc maine
54. Daca substantivul e la singular se pune 's chiar
daca se termina in s:
My boss's car is out there (boss's se citeste la fel ca
bosses)
55. Anumite cladiri (house, shop, office etc)se omit
dupa acest genitiv saxon
la casa unchiului meu:
at my uncle's house - at my uncle's
la cabinetul doctorului
at the doctor's office - at the doctor's
56. Dativ: Raspunde la intrebarea cui?
Am dat cartea Matildei
Cui am dat cartea? Matildei
I gave the book to Matilda Am dat cartea Matildei
I gave the book to my friend - Am dat cartea
prietenului meu.
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Am dat cartea lui Octavian - I gave the book to
Octavian
57. Dativul in engleza poate sta si inainte si dupa
verb. Daca dativul vine inainte de verb nu se pune
to altfel se pune.
Give Rose my love sau Give my love to Rose -
Transmite-i lui Rose dragostea mea.
I gave Octavian the book sau I gave the book to
Octavian
58. Acuzativ: Raspunde la una din intrebarile:Pe
cine? ce?
L-am vazut pe Octavian
Pe cine am vazut? Pe Octavian
I saw Octavian - L-am vazut pe Octavian
I fed the puppy - Am hranit catelusul
I skipped lunch - Am sarit masa de pranz
3.ADJECTIVUL
59. Adjectivul sta inaintea substantivului
tall woman - femeie inalta
happy girl - fata fericita
white swan - lebada alba
60. Diminutivele in engleza se formeaza punand
little sau small in fata substantivului
Small descrie mai mult marimea, deci pentru a
arata afectiune folositi little
My little girl is in kindegarten - Fetita mea e la
gradinita
I want to buy the small book, please. - As Vrea va
rog, sa cumpar cartea cea mica.
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61. Adjectivul se pune intre articol si substantiv
the old man - barbatul batran
the little boy - baietelul
a tall man - un barbat inalt
the short men - barbatii scunzi
62. Adjectivele nu au gen si nici plural
a tired waiter - un chelner obosit
a tired waitress - o chelnerita obosita
10 tired waiters - 10 chelneri obositi
63. Ca si in romaneste adjectivele pot fi folosite cu
verbul to be - a fi (predicat nominal) sau cu alte
verbe de legatura dupa cum veti vedea la capitolul
verbe..
the cat is grey - pisica este cenusie
a grey cat - o pisica cenusie
children are curios - copiii sunt curiosi
curious children - copii curiosi
64. Adjective demonstrative: acest, aceasta, acesti,
aceste
totdeauna sunt insotite de un substativ,. Cand sunt
singure sunt pronume demonstrative.
Acest baiat e fiul meu - adjectiv demonstrativ
Baiatul acesta e fiul meu - adjectiv demonstrativ
Acesta e fiul meu - pronume demonstrativ
65. In engleza, adjectivul demonstrativ
acest/aceasta si pronumele demonstrativ
acesta/aceasta este this
This boy is my son - Acest baiat e fiul meu
This is my son - Acesta e fiul meu
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This girl is my daughter - Aceasta fata e fiica mea,
Fata aceasta e fiica mea.
This is my daughter - Aceasta e fiica mea.
66. In engleza, adjectivul demonstrativ
acesti/aceste si pronumele demonstrativ
acestia/acestea este these
These boys are my sons - Acesti baieti sunt fiii mei,
Baietii acestia sunt fiii mei.
These are my sons - Acestia sunt fiii mei
These girls are my daughters - Aceste fete sunt
fiicele mele, Fetele acestea sunt fiicele mele.
These are my daughters - Acestea sunt fiicele mele.
67. In engleza, adjectivul demonstrativ acel/acea si
pronumele demonstrativ acela/aceea este that
That boy is my son - Acel baiat e fiul meu, Baiatul
acela e fiul meu.
That is my son - Acela este fiul meu
That girl is my daughter - Acea fata e fiica mea,
Fata aceea e fiica mea.
That is my daughter - Aceea e fiica mea.
68. In engleza, adjectivul demonstrativ acei/acele si
pronumele demonstrativ aceia/acelea este those
Those boys are my sons - Acei baieti sunt fiii mei,
Baietii aceia sunt fiii mei.
Those are my sons - Acela sunt fiii mei
Those girls are my daughters - Acele fete sunt
fiicele mele, Fetele acelea sunt fiicele mele.
Those are my daughters - Acelea sunt fiicele mele.
8
69. Adjective posesive:  meu, mea/tau, ta/sau,
sa/nostru, noastra/vostru, voastra/lor totdeauna
sunt insotite de un substativ,. Daca ar fi singure ar
fi pronume posesive.
Adjective posesive:
Cainele meu e alb
Pisica mea e bej
sau
Al meu caine e alb
A mea pisica e bej
Pronume posesive:
Cainele alb e al meu
Pisica bej e a mea
70. In engleza, adjectivul posesiv meu/ mea/ mei/
mele este <b<my< b=""> </b<my<>
My son is a teacher - Fiul meu e profesor
My daughter is a teacher - Fiica mea e profesoara
My sons are teachers - Fiii mei sunt profesori
My daughters are teachers - Fiicele mele sunt
profesoare
71. In engleza, adjectivul posesiv tau/ ta/ tai/ tale
este <b<your< b=""> </b<your<>
My son is a doctor - Fiul meu e doctor
My daughter is a doctor - Fiica mea e doctor
My sons are doctors - Fiii mei sunt doctori
My daughters are doctors - Fiicele mele sunt
doctori
72. In engleza, adjectivul posesiv lui este <b<his<
b=""> </b<his<>
His son is a doctor - Fiul lui e doctor
His daughter is a doctor - Fiica lui e doctor
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73. In engleza, adjectivul posesiv ei este <b<her<
b=""></b<her<>
Her son is a lawyer - Fiul ei e avocat
Her daughter is a lawyer - Fiica ei e doctor
74. In engleza, adjectivul posesiv nostru/ nostra/
nostri/ noastre este <b<our< b=""></b<our<>
Our son is a barber - Fiul nostru e barbier
Our daughter is a barber - Fiica noastra e barler
Our sons are barbers - Fiii nostri sunt doctori
Our daughters are barbers - Fiicele noastre sunt
barbierite
75. In engleza, adjectivul posesiv vostru/ voastra/
tostri/ voastre este <b<your< b=""> </b<your<>
Your son is a tailor - Fiul vostru e croitor
Your daughter is a dressmaker - Fiica voastra e
croitoreasa
Your sons are tailors - Fiii vostri sunt croitori
Your daughters are dressmakers - Fiicele voastre
sunt croitorese
76. In engleza, adjectivul posesiv lor este their
Their son is a painter - Fiul lor e pictor
Their daughter is a painter - Fiica lor e pictor
Their sons are painters - Fiii lor sunt pictori
Their daughters are painters - Fiicele lor sunt
pictori
77. In engleza, adjectivul posesiv mai are o forma
its - pentru obiecte
Pentru obiecte multiple insa, adica la plural, se
foloseste, la fel ca pentru fiinte their.
That is my book.Its cover is torn - Aceea este cartea
mea. Coperrta ei este rupta.
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Those are my books.Their covers are torn - Acelea
sunt cartile mele. Coperrtile lor sunt rupte.
78. Dupa cum se vede in exemplele de mai sus,
atunci cand punem my sau oricare din formele
adjectivului posesiv, nu se mai foloseste articolul.
a dog - un caine
the dog - cainele
some dogs - niste caini
my dog - cainele meu
your dogs - cainii tai
their dog - cainele lor
79. WHAT inseamna CE.
What is that? - Ce este aceea?
What day is it? - Ce zi este azi?
What is his name? - Ce este numele lui (Cum il
cheama)?
What age is he? - Ce este varsta lui (Cati ani are)?
What is in a name? - Ce este intr-un nume (ce
inseamna un nume)? - (Romeo si Julieta
Shakespeare)
What a man! - Ce om!
What are his parents? - Ce sunt parintii lui?
What kind of bread is that? - Ce fel de paine este
aceea?
80. WHICH inseamna CARE si PE CARE Cand
nu e intrebare which se refera deobicei la obiecte
sau animale. In cazul oamenilor se foloseste WHO
Sigur, cand nu e intrebare insa, nu putem vorbi de
pronume interogativ.
Which car is Peter's? - Care masina e a lui Peter?
Which ones are your parents? - Care sunt parintii
tai?
Which is better? - Care e mai bun?
That is the book WHICH I need. - Aceea e cartea
care-mi trebuie.
dar
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That is the boy WHO is my neighbor.- Acela e
baiatul care e vecinul meu.
The book WHICH I bought. - Cartea pe care am
cumparat-o.
That which we call a rose - Cel pe care il numim
trandafir (ce numim noi trandafir) - (Romeo si
Julieta - Shakespeare)
81. WHO inseamna CINE si dupa cum am vazut
mai sus poate insemna si care.
Who nu poate fi niciodata adjectiv, nu sta pe langa
un substantiv.
Who are you? - Cine esti?
Who is there? - Cine e acolo?(la usa de exemplu)
Who is calling? - Cine suna?
Who are your parents? - Cine sunt parintii tai?
I am who I am - Sunt cine sunt
That is the lady who is my teacher - Aceea este
doamna care este profesoara mea
82. WHOSE inseamna AL CUI, A CUI, AI CUI,
ALE CUI dar si
AL CARUI, A CARUI, AI CARUI, ALE CARUI
Whose book is that? - A cui e cartea acee?
The boy whose mother is an engineer - Baiatul a
carui mama e inginer
Chidren, whose nose is long? Pinocchio's! - Copii,
al cui nas e lung? Al lui Pinocchio!
83. SOME inseamna NISTE, CEVA, UNII,
UNELE
I have some apples - Am niste mere.
Some apples are sweet but some are sour - Unele
mere sunt dulci dar unele sunt acre
84. Interogativ. In intrebari SOME e pozitiv, Nu
presupune ca n-ai
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Do you have SOME money? - Ai ceva bani?
85. Interogativ. In intrebari ANY e negativ - cel ce
intreaba presupune ca n-ai
Do you have any money? - Ai vreun ban, cat de
cat?
86. La negativ se foloseste any sau no, nu se
foloseste some. ANY inseamna in acest caz
NICIUN, NICIO
Trebuie observat ca in romaneste substantivul care
urmeaza lui niciun, nicio e totdeauna la singular pe
cand in engleza acest lucru nu e obligatoriu.
I don't have any brothers - Nu am niciun frate
sau I don't have any brother - Nu am niciun frate
87. Any in propozitiile negative (nu interogative)
cere ca verbul sa fie la negativ, in afara de cazul
cand verbul insusi presupune o negatie.
I don't have any coins. - Nu am nicio moneda
I don't see any stars - Nu vad nicio stea
He refused to hear any explanations - A refuzat sa
auda vreo explicatie.
He denied any wrongdoing - A negat orice
faradelege.
88. NO se foloseste numai cu verbul fara negatie.
Any este mai des folosit decat no, in special cu alte
verbe dacat to be si to have.
T have no time - Nu am timp
I have no coins. - Nu am monezi
I see no stars - Nu vad stele
No good deed goes unpunished - Nici o fapta buna
nu scapa nepedepsita
I see no evil, I hear no evil, I speak no evil - Nu vad
vreun rau, nu aud vreun rau, nu vorbesc vreun rau.
(Cele trei maimute cu mainile pe ochi, pe urechi si
pe gura care simbolizeaza asa zisul om curat ca
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lacrima care nu poarta nicio vina.Cum zicem noi:
N-am vazut, n-am auzit.)
89. In propozitiile afirmative ANY are intelesul de
ORICE
Ask any question - Pune orice intrebare
Any help is appreciated - Orice ajutor e apreciat
Any book will do - Orice carte e buna (merge)
(Vrem sa citim ceva, orice - nu conteaza ce)
90. Cu some, any si no se pot forma multe cuvinte
noi apropiate ca inteles de aceste trei forme de
baza.
De remarcat ca orice compus de-al lui no,
pastreaza regula de a scoate orice alta negatie din
propozitie. In engleza nu exista negatii duble.
Deasemeni orice compus de-al lui any se foloseste
in propozitii interogative si negative in locul
compusului echivalent cu some
someone - cineva
anyone - oricine
no one - nimeni
Someone is at the door. - Cineva e la usa.
Does anyone know the answer?
Anyone can read. - Oricine poate sa citeasca
No one can open that door - Nimeni nu poate
deschide usa aceea
91. somebody e la fel ca someone anybody e la fel
ca anyone nobody e la fel ca no one In general
aceste variante sunt mai folosite
Somebody is on the phone. - E cineva la telefon
Anybody can see the difference - Oricine vede
diferenta
Is anybody there? - E cineva?
Nobody can tell you what to do - Nimeni nu-ti poate
spune ce sa faci.
11
92. where - unde
somewhere - undeva
anywhere - oriunde, nicaieri
nowhere - nicaieri
Where are you? - Unde esti? I left my keys
somewhere - Mi-am lasat cheile undeva
Anywhere I go, I am still Romanian - Oriunde ma
duc, sunt inca roman(ca) I can not find him
anywhere.
I found him nowhere
93. way - fel
someway - cumva
anyway - oricum
no way - in nici un caz, nu!,nici sa nu te gandesti! -
e argou
Someway, we will solve this - Cumva o s-o
rezolvam.
Anyway I am glad you came - Oricum, imi pre bine
ca ai venit
No way, am I going to do that! - In nici un caz nu
fac asta!
94. day - zi
someday - intr-o zi, intr-o buna zi
somedays - in unele zile
one day - intr-o zi
One day e mai precis decat someday. De aceea se
foloseste mai ales la trecut.
any day - in orice zi, nu are un inteles deosebit.
no day - nu exista.
Someday my prince will come - Intr-o buna zi imi
va veni printul (cantecul din Alba ca Zapada)
Someday I will learn to ride a bike - Intr-o zi voi
invata sa merg cu bicicleta
Somedays I walk to school - In unele zile merg pe
jos la scoala One day I decided to change my life -
Intr-o zi am hotarat sa-mi schimb viata
One day the world will end - Intr-o zi lumea se va
sfarsi
11

95. sometime - la un moment dat neprecizat in
viitor
sometimes - cateodata
anytime - oricand
no time - imediat
Come and see me sometime! - Vino vreodata sa ma
vezi! Sometimes I think about him - Cateodata ma
gandesc la el
You can visit me anytime. - Ma poti vizita oricand
I will fix it in no time - Il voi repara imediat
96. how - cum
somehow - cumva<
anyhow - oricum, in orice caz
no how nu exista (a nu se confunda cu know how
care se citeste la fel si inseamna pricepere)
Somehow we will work this out (we will solve this).
- Cumva vom rezolva asta.
Anyhow, he is your boss, just do as he says. -
Oricum el e seful tau, fa cum iti spune.
97.
Something is wrong - Ceva e gresit (nu merge)
I will give you anything you want - Iti dau orice
doresti
Nothing is for free - Nimic nu e gratis
98. Neither - nici, nici unul, nici una
neither...nor - nici...nici
Se foloseste cand e vorba de numai doua
substantive.
Nu se foloseste in propozitiile interogative sau in
cele ce exprima o negatie deoarece ar produce o
dubla negatie
Se poate folosi si forma neither one
12
Neither boy finished the race - Niciunul dintre
baieti nu a terminat cursa
sau
Neither one finished the race
sau
Neither finished the race
Neither am I done. - Nici eu nu am terminat
If you won't go, neither will I - Daca tu nu mergi,
nici eu merg
Neither book was chosen - Nici una dintre carti nu
a fost aleasa.
He is neither tall nor short, he is average el e mediu
(ca inaltime).
99. Either - oricare (in afirmatii), nici(in negatii si
propozitiile interogativ negative)
either...or - sau...sau
Ca si neither, se foloseste cand e vorba de numai
doua substantive.
Se foloseste si in propozitiile interogativ negative si
in cele negative si in cele afirmative
In propozitiile interogative se aseaza la sfarsitul
propozitiei. Se poate folosi si forma either one
Either one can win. - Oricare poate castiga
Either you are done or you aren't - Sau ai terminat
sau n-ai terminat.
I am not asleep either - Nici eu nu dorm.
She didn't come either? - Nici ea nu a venit?
100. Both - amandoi, amandoua
Both runners finished the race - Amandoi
alergatorii au terminat cursa
They were both exhausted - Erau amandoi epuizati
101. None - niciunul, niciuna Este echivalentul lui
neither cand se refera la mai mult de doua
substantive
Cum se refera la mai mult de doua substantive nu
poate fi folosit in combinatia nici...nici
12

None of my friends called - Nici unul dintre
prietenii mei nu a sunat.
102. all - tot, toata, toti, toate, tuturor
Astazi de multe ori se inlocuieste cu everything
all the time sau always inseamna totdeauna
All this land is the farmer's - Tot acest pamant este
al fermierului.
A nation that provides liberty and justice for all - O
tara care ofera libertate si dreptate pentru toti.
I told all, to leave. - Le-am spus la toti (tuturor) sa
plece.
All is well that ends well - Totu-i bine cand se
termina cu bine (Shaskespeare)
All gave some, some gave all - Toti au dat ceva,
unii au dat tot (despre soldatii care mor in razboi)
“You may fool all the people some of the time, you
can even fool some of the people all of the time, but
you cannot fool all of the people all the time.” -
Poti sa-i pacalesti pe toti oameni cateodata, poti
chiar sa-i pacalesti pe unii oamenii totdeauna, dar
nu poti sa-i pacalesti pe toti oamenii totdeauna.
-Abraham Lincoln
some of the people = some people
some of the time = sometimes
all of the people = all the people
103. a few - cativa, cateva
A few are o nuanta de optimism.
We still have a few customers - Avem inca cativa
clienti
104. few - cativa, catva
Subliniaza faptul ca e un numar mic, aproape
deloc.
We have few customers - Avem (doar) cativa
cumparatori
13
105. Asa cum se vede, a few si few folosesc
substantive aflate la plural.
Si se folosesc in cazuri de multimi numarabile
In celelalte cazuri se foloseste a little respectiv little
106. A LITTLE inseamna PUTIN
Se foloseste in cazul unor multimi nenumarabile, si
in sens pozitiv.
We have a little suger left, help yourself! - Mai
avem putin zahar, serveste-te!
dar
We have a few crackers left, help yourself! - Mai
avem cativa biscuiti, serveste-te!
107. LITTLE inseamna PUTIN
Se foloseste in cazul unor multimi nenumarabile, si
in sens negativ.
deasemeni
Inseamna MIC fara sens negativ
We have little time left before the tornado is here -
Mai avem foarte putin timp pana sa ajunga tornada
aici.
dar
I have a little girl - Am o fetita
108. EACH - FIECARE
EVERY - FIECARE
De multe ori pot fi ambele folosite.
There is a table in each room - Este o masa in
fiecare camera
sau
There is a table in every room - Este o masa in
fiecare camera
13

109. Each considera lucrurile pe rand, fiecare in
parte
Each subliniaza diferentele
Se foloseste pentru numere mici
Analyze each sentence carefully - Analizeaza
fiecare propozitie cu atentie
There were ten cars, each one was a different color
- Erau zece masini, fiecare de alta culoare
Each wave was higher than the one before -
Fiecare val era mai inalt decat cel dinainte.
Each child is special - Fiecare copil este deosebit
110. Every este pentru numere mari si are sensul de
toate, de orice. Si in romaneste tot omul inseamna
fiecare om.
Every face tells a story - Fiecare chip spune o
poveste
Every dog has his day - Orice caine are ziua sa
(proverb)
Every child needs to look at the blackboard -
Fiecare copil/toti copiii trebuie sa se uite la tabla
I solved every problem in the book - Am rezolvat
toate problemele din carte
111. Every, nu each arata cat de des se intampla
ceva
The clock kept ringing every ten minutes - Ceasul
suna la fiecare zece minute.
la fel se zice:
every year, every two week - in fiecare an, la
fiecare doua saptamani etc
112. Each poate sta pe langa un substantiv (ca
adjectiv) sau poate sa nu stea (ca pronume)
Buy one of each - Cumpara una din fiecare
The children were each given candy - Copiii au
primit toti bomboane
sau
14
Each child was given candy - Fiecare copil a primit
bomboane.
113. Every insa cere totdeauna un substantiv, sau
cuvantul one. Ca si some, any si no, every este baza
pentru o multime de alte cuvinte.
114. thing - lucru
everything - toate lucrurile, tot, totul
Everything is ready - Totul este gata
Everything fell into place - Totul s-a lamurit, a
cazut in locasul sau (expresie)
Everything is ok - Totul este bine.>br> I'll tell you
everything I know - Iti spun tot ce stiu
115. day - zi
everyday - zilnic
Se pune numai la sfarsitul propozitiei
I see him everyday - Il vad zilnic
I drink milk everyday - Beau zilnic lapte
116. where - unde
everywhere - peste tot
I looked for my watch everywhere - Mi-am cautat
ceasul peste tot
People everywhere are the same - Oamenii peste tot
sunt la fel
117. time - timp
everytime - de cate ori
Everytime I think of Lisa, I cry - De cate ori ma
gandesc la Lisa, plang
14

That happens everytime I dial the number - Asta se
intampla de cate ori formez numarul.
118. body - corp
everybody - toata lumea, toti, toate
Everybody este opusul lui nobody (nimeni)
In Romania everybody speaks Romanian
Everybody wants to be a cat - Toata lumea vrea sa
fie pisica
119. Everyone e sinonim cu everybody
Everyone se refera deci la oameni.
Everyone cu acest inteles se scrie intr-un cuvant.
I'm asking everyone to donate some money - Cer
tuturor sa doneze niste bani.
120. Every one scris in doua cuvinte se poate folosi
si pentru lucruri cu intelesul de fiecare.
One se foloseste ca sa tina locul substantivului.
He is invited to lots of parties and he goes to every
one. - E invitat la multe petreceri si se duce la
fiecare (adica la toate.
Every one aici inseamna every party.
121. Every one of si each of inseamna fiecare dintre
Each of nu trebuie confundat cu one of each care
inseamna unul din fiecare.
Sau cu one for each - unul pentru fiecare.
Every one of you must be brave in battle - Fiecare
dintre voi trebuie sa fie curajos in batalie
Each (one) of us has a destiny. - Fiecare dintre noi
are un destin
Here is the candy. Please take one of each kind. -
Iata bomboanele. Terog ia cate un fel din fiecare.
We have a toy for each child - Avem cate o jucarie
pentru fiecare copil.
15
122. Each and every e un mod emfatic de a spune
tot
Each se refera la particular
Every se refera la general> Deci impreuna arata
tot substantivul, in intregimea sa.
Each and rvery soldier must be ready die for his
ountry - Fiecare soldat trebuie sa fie gata sa moara
pentru tara
Each and every building needs to withstand
earthquakes - Fiecare cladire trebuie sa reziste la
cutremure
123. Diferentele dintre each, every si all
- Each se refera la fiecare individ fara sa tina
seama de grup
- Every se refera la fiecare individ din cadrul
grupului.
- All se refera la toti vazuti ca grup - intregul grup.
I ate all of the bread - Am mancat toata painea.
I ate every bread - Am mancat fiecare paine, toate
painile (din cos de exemplu)
deasemeni
All I've had was bread - Inseamna tot ce am macat
a fost painea. (Nu am mancat decat paine)
Everything I had was bread - Inseamna ca fiecare
mancare a fost paine.
124. All se foloseste cu o prepozitie, altfel se refera
la toti membri din univers al acelui substantiv
. Every cere un substantiv dupa el (e adjectiv).
All dogs are mean - Toti caine (de pe pamant) sunt
rai
No, all of your dogs are mean - Nu, toti cainii tai
sunt rai
Every dog I have is from an animal sheler - Fiecare
caine pe care il am e de la un adapost opentru
animale.
Each one was probably ill-treated in the past -
Fiecare a fost probabil prost tratat in trecut.
15

Caring is all about patience. - Ingrijitul este in
intregime legat de rabdare. All for one and one for
all! - Unul pentru toti, toti pentru unul.
125. Other - alt, alta, alti, alte
Other nearticulat daca sta pe langa un substantiv
acesta e la plural
I also have other ideas - Am si alte idei
126. The other - celalalt, cealalta, ceilalti, celelalte.
The other daca sta pe langa un substantiv acesta
poate fi si la singular si la plural
I took the other coat. - Am luat hauna cealalta.
dar si
I took my other coat - Mi-am luat haina cealalta
The other coats I have are too warm - Celelalte
haine pe care le am sunt prea calduroase
127. Daca the other nu sta pe langa un substantiv
se pune cuvantul "one" optional.
The other wallpaper is brown - Celalalt tapet e
maron
The other one is brown - Celalalt(despre care e
vorba) e maron.
The other is brown.
128. Another - un alt, o alta
I want another book - Vreau o alta carte
I want the other book - Vreau cartea cealalta
I want other books - Vreau alte carti
I want the other books - Vreau celelalte carti
16
129. Others - altii
Others e NUMAI pronume, adica nu poate fi urmat
de un substantiv.
I want another piece of pie - Vreau o alta felie de
placinta, Mai vreau o felie, inca o felie de placinta
I want the other piece - Vreau cealalta felie I hope
the others liked it too - Sper ca si celorlalti le-a
placur
130. In romaneste spunem: Eu te vad pe tine.
S-au folosit doua pronume la acuzativ: te si pe tine.
In limba engleza nu e necesar sa se puna doua
pronume la acuzativ
Propozitia de mai sus in engleza ar fi: Eu vad pe
tine adica I see you.
Tu ma vezi pe mine - You see me
tot asa
Eu le vreau pe celelalte se transforma in Eu vreau
celelalte - I want the others<>br
131. Bun - mai bun - cel mai bun
Reprezinta gradele de comparatie ale adjectivelor
- mai bun se numeste comparativ
- cel mai bun se numeste superlativ
Ca si in romana in engleza comparativul poate fi:
- de inferioritate
- de egalitate
- de superioritate
O pasare mai putin frumoasa ca papagalul este
porumbelul.- inferioritate
O pasare la fel de frumoasa ca papagalul e
porumbelul.- egalitate
0 pasare mai frumoasa ca papagalul e porumbelul.-
superioritate
132. Vom studia intai comparatia de superioritate:
Cel mai raspandit caz e cel al comparatiei Saxone:
smart - smarter - the smartest
destept - mai destept - cel mai destept
16
 17

133. Comparatia saxona se intalneste la adjectivele 136. Pentru adjectivele de doua silabe terminate in
monosilabice y, y se transforma in i

Exemple skinny - skinnier - the skinniest - slab

funny - funnier - the funniest - nostim
red - redder - the reddest -> rosu - mai rosu - cel crafty - craftier - the craftiest - viclean
mai rosu
big - bigger - the biggest -> inalt
small - smaller - the smallest -> mic
thck - gros 137. Pt adjectivele lungi se foloseste comparatia
thin - subtire franceza
old - batran
young - tanar interesting - more interesting - the most interesting
tall - inalt terrible - more terrible - the most terrible
short - scund
fat - gras My book is more interesting than Peter's
fast - rapid But the most interesting book is Tom's
slow - incet
few - putini
hot - fierbinte
cold - rece, frig 138. Unele adjective au comparatie neregulata
etc
good - bun
bad - rau
little - putin
134. Daca ultima consoana e precedata de o vocala
scurta ultima consoana se dubleaza. Daca ultima
consoana e precedata de doua vocale automat
ultima vocala nu e scurta. 139. good - better - the best -> bun - mai bun - cel
mai bun
red - redder - the reddest
big - bigger - the biggest This is a good drawing - Aceasta e un desen bun
dar This drawing is better than that one - Acest desen e
fair - fairer - the fairest mai bun decat acela.
soon - sooner - the soonest Erin has the best drawings - Erin face desenele cele
mai bune.
The biggest elephant in the world - Cel mai mare
elefant din lume
140. bad - worse - the worst -> rau - mai rau - cel
mai rau
135. Daca adj se termina in e, nu se pun doi e bad inseamna si slab intr-o indeletnicire

cute - cuter - cutest -> scumpel Bad teachers are everywhere - Profesori slabi sunt
large - larger - the largest -> voluminos peste tot
Jeff is a worse teacher than others - Jeff e un

17
 18

profesor mai slab decat altii
But he probably is not the worst teacher - Dar
probabil ca nu e cel mai slab profesor
141. little - less - the least -> putin - mai putin - cel
mai putin
We had little rain this year - Am avut putina ploaie
anul asta
But last year we had less - Dar anul trecut am avut
mai putina
I know, and two years ago we had the least rain in
history - Stiu, si acum doi ani am avut cea mai
putina ploaie din istorie.
This skirt is longer than the other skirts - Aceasta
fusta e mai lunga decat celalte fuste
iar
This is the longest skirt of all - Aceasta este cea mai
lunga fusta
This is the longest of all skirts - Aceasta e cea mai
lunga dintre toate fustele
sau
This skirt is longer than the other skirts - sau
144. My book is better than John's book
este exprimarea completa. Dar book se subintelege
si de multe ori se omite.

My book is better than John's

dar
142. Desi a little si little, a few si few etc My book is better than your book
Nu inseamna chiar acelasi lucru, gradele lor de devine
comparatie sunt la fel My book is better than yours

We had a little rain this year

Yes, last year we had less
inseamna 145. Comparatia de egalitate
A plouat putin (adica un pic) anul asta
Da, anul trecut a fost mai putina (ploaie) as ...as
si the same...as
We had little rain this year
But, last year we had even less la fel ca
inseamna
A plouat putin anul asta My book is as interesting as Peter's - Cartea mea e
Dar anul trecut am avut si mai putina (ploaie) la fel de interesanta ca al lui Peter

My book is the same as Peter's - Cartea mea e la fel

cu a lui Petru
143. Pentru a sublinia ideea Mbr> My book is the same book as Peter's - Cartea
mea e aceiasi carte ca a lui Petru
la comparativ se zice
than the others - decat ceilalti
iar
la superlativ se zice 146. as...as - poate fi folosit cu intelesul de
of all - dintre toti cat se poate de

This skirt is longer than the others - Aceasta fusta e I'm as happy as can be - Sunt fericit(a)la culme
mai lunga decat celalte as sad as can be - trist(a) la culme
sau
18

as lonely as can be - singur singurel
etc
147. Comparatia de inferioritate:
Se face cu: less - least: mai putin - cel mai putin
sau cu few - fewer - the fewest
The sky is less cloudy today - Cerul e mai putin
inorat astazi (decat ieri sau in trecut se subintelege)
That island has the least cloudy sky imaginable -
Insula aceea are cel mai putin noros cer imaginabil
dar I have fewer shirts than Andrew - Am mai
putine camasi decat Andrew
But, Jack has the fewest of all - Dar Jack are cele
mai putine
148. Comparativul de inferioritate:
poate fi si:
not so...as - nu atat de...ca
That cake is not as sweet as this one - Acea
prajitura nu e atat de dulce ca asta
149. much - mult
much - more - the most: mult - mai mult - cel mai
mult
Asa cum little sau few formeaza comparatia de
inferioritate, more sau many formeaza comparatia
de superioritate. Ca si little si few ele pot fi folosite
si in alte contexte:
I've been walking many miles - Am mers multe mile
Much ado about nothing - Mult zgomot pentru
nimic (Shakespeare)- azi folosire iesita din uz
150. Much - se foloseste cu multimi nenumarabile
In engleza moderna, se foloseste in propozitii
interogative si negative
In propozitiile afirmative se inlocuieste cu a lot
19
Is there much work to be done? - E multa munca de
facut? He doesn't know much. - El nu stie prea mult
dar
I have a lot of work to do. - Am multa munca de
facut.
151. Many - se foloseste cu multimi numarabile
Se foloseste in propozitii interogative si negative In
propozitiile afirmative se poate inlocui cu a lot of
dar se foloseste si many of sau many, dupa context
Are there many coins in the drawer? - Sunt multi
banuti in sertar?
There are not many lion tamers in the world - Nu
sunt multi imblanzitori de lei in lume
There are a lot of coins in the drawer - Sunt multi
banuti in sertar.
152. Observatie
Pentru much se foloseste verbul la singular
Pentru many se foloseste verbul la plural
There isn't much water left - Nu mai e multa apa
ramasa
There aren't many wolves left - Nu mai sunt multi
lupi
153. In propozitii afirmative pe langa a lot of se
foloseste many of
Many of my friends are abroad - Multi din prietenii
mei sunt in strainatate
Many of my friends are not abroad - Multi din
prietenii mei nu sunt in strainatate
Are many of your friends abroad? - Sunt multi din
prietenii tai sunt in strainatate?
154. so much - atata
19
 20

So much work needs to be done - Atata munca mai 4.PRONUMELE

e de facut

155. so many - atatia, atatea 161. I - Eu

I se scrie totdeauna cu litera mare, indiferent de
So many people nowadays are tired - Atatia oameni locul din propozitie.
in ziua de azi sunt obositi .

Eu mananc - I eat
That is where I went - Acolo e locul unde am fost
156. much more - mult mai mult

Much more time is needed - Mult mai mult timp e

necesar 162. You - Tu, Voi
Si tu si voi in englezeste se zic la fel.
Cateodata se intelege din context daca e tu sau voi,
cateodata nu.
157. many more - mult mai multi De aceea se foloseste de multe ori
all of you - voi toti
Nowadays, many more people go to college - In sau
ziua de azi, mult mai multi oameni merg la facultate you both - voi amandoi
you two - voi doi
you...together - voi...impreuna

158. so much...that: atat, atata...incat
So much time has passed that he may not remember
you - Atata timp a trecut incat s-ar putea sa nu-si
aminteasca de tine
You are farmers - Voi sunteti fermieri, nu poate un
om sa fie mai multi fermieri
You are a farmer - Tu esti fermier (deasemeni
singura posibilitate)
You have a dog - poate sa fie si Tu ai un caine si
Voi aveti un caine.
You two have a dog - Voi doi aveti un caine.

159. so many...that - atati, atatia...incat

So many leaves have fallen that the ground is a 163. He - El

carpet of leaves. - Atatea frunze au cazut incat
pamantul e un covor de frunze He is my brother - El e fratele meu

160. In raspunsuri, afirmatii legate de sentimente 164. She - Ea

se foloseste very much
She is my sister - Ea este sora mea
I like it very much - Imi place foarte mult
Thank you, very much - Multumesc foarte mult.

20

165. It
It se foloseste pentru obiecte, deoarece engleza nu
are gen si atunci toate obiectele sau chiar fiintele
care nu conteaza ca gen sunt numite it
. Deasemeni propozitiile care in romaneste nu au
subiect prin natura lor, in englezeste folosesc it
I see a fly. It is on the window. - Vad o musca. E pe
geam
That table needs fixing. - It has a broken leg. -
Masa aceea are nevoie sa fie reparata. Are un
picior rupt
It looks like rain - Pare ca o sa ploua.
It must be hard - Trebuie sa fie greu
It's a long way to Tiperarry - E lung drumul la
Tiperarry
166. We - Noi
We are twins - Noi suntem gemeni.
167. They - Ei, Ele si plural pentru it
They are waiters - Ei sunt chelneri
They are waitresses - Ele sunt chelnerite
These are the dishes. They need to be washed -
Acestea sunt vasele. Trebuiesc spalate
168. mine - al meu
yours - al tau
his - al lui
hers - al ei
ours - al nostru
yours - al vostru
their - al lor
The pencil is mine - Creionul e al meu
The pen is yours - Pixul e al tau
The notebook is his - Caietul e al meu
The eraser is hers - Guma e al tau
The pencil sharpener is ours - Ascutitoarea e a
noastra
21
The papers are yours - Hartiile sunt ale voastre/ale
tale
The ruler is theirs - Linia e a lor
169. it nu are pronume posesiv.
Are insa forma de adjectiv posesiv.
The table is red.- Masa este rosie
The red color is ? (nu exista pronume posesiv dar
folosim genitivul lui table:
Culoarea rosie e a mesei - The red color is the
table 's
sau
Its color is red - Culoarea ei e rosie
170. ma spal e verb reflexiv
Eu ma spal pe mine.
Ma si pe mine sunt pronume reflexive.
Nu orice verb reflexiv in romaneste e reflexiv si in
engleza.
In engleza sunt mai putine verbe reflexive ca in
romaneste. De multe ori un verb poate fi reflexiv
intr-un context si nereflexiv altul.
Eu spal o cana - nu e reflexiv
Eu ma spal pe mine - reflexiv
171. to wash oneself - a se spala pe sine
In engleza insa pronumele reflexiv nu se foloseste
cand se subintelege ca actiunea are caracter
reflexiv
Iata o lista de verbe care pot fi reflexive in engleza.
to behave onself - a se purta bine in public (zis mai
mult despre copii sau animale de companie)
to convince oneself - a se autoconvinge
to cry oneself to sleep - a plange in pat pana
adormi.
to deny oneself - a-si refuxa
to encourage oneself - a se autoincuraja
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to enjoy oneself - a se distra 175. with me -> cu mine In romaneste atunci cand
to hurt oneself - a-si face rau singur nu pronumele personal face actiunea (adica nu e
to kill oneself - a se sinucide subiect)se zice de exemplu:
to market oneself - a-si face reclama
M-am dus cu el.
. dar si
M-am dus cu tine.
172. Reflexivul in engleza se formeaza din
adjectivul posesiv la care se adauga terminatia Prepozitiile de mai jos au numai rolul de a nu
self - la sngular pierde din vedere contextul folosirii acestor
selves - la plural pronume.

I enjoyed myself at the party - M-am simtit bine la (with) me - (cu) mine
petrecere. (with) you - (cu) tine
You blame yourself too much - Te invinovatesti (with) him - (cu) el
prea mult. (with) her - (cu) ea
He hurt himself in the garage - S-a ranit in garaj. (with) us - (cu) noi
She baked herself a cake - Si-a copt o prajitura. (with) you - (cu) voi
We tell ourselves lies everyday - Ne spunem (with) them - (cu) ei, ele
minciuni in fiecare zi.
You made yourselves very clear in the speech. - Ati
fost foarte clari in discurs.
They built the house themselves - Si-au construit 176. Sunt multe prepozitii pentru care acest
singuri casa. pronume devine obligatoriu.

Emily went with me - Emily s-a dus cu mine

173. Pronumele reflexive au si intelesul de singur
sau sunt folosite si ca intarire.
by myself - singur, singura.
I like to live by myself - Imi place sa locuiesc singur
I wrote the paper by myself - Am scris lucrarea
singur.
I wrote this paper myself - Chiar eu am scris
lucrarea asta.
174. Pronumele reflexive se pot traduce si cu
insumi, insuti, etc.
I went there myself - Eu insuni m-am dus acolo
Emily talked about you - Emily a vorbit despre tine
Emily worked without him - Emily a lucrat fara el
Emily took it from herher - Emily l-a luat de la ea
Emily lives above us - Emily locuieste deasupra
noastra
Emily wrote a poem for you - Emily a scris o poezie
pentru voi
Emily thought about them - Emily s-a gandit la ei
177. Pe mine, pe tine se traduc me, you fara
prepozitie
L-am vazut pe el.- I saw him
In romaneste se adauga inca un pronume, acest l-,
care in engleza nu exista.
Iar pronumele al doilea deobicei lipseste.
I love you! - Te iubesc!
Subiectul I e obligatoriu, pe nu se traduce te cade si
se traduce Eu iubesc pe tine.

22

Peter asked me - Peter m-a intrebat
Peter noticed you - Peter te-a observat
Peter killed him - Peter l-a omorat
Peter saw her - Peter a vazut-o
Peter fed us - Peter ne-a hranit
Peter called you - Peter v-a chemat
Peter rang them - Peter i-a sunat.
178. Give me! - Da-mi!
Si in acest caz (cazul dativ) se foloseste aceasta
forma a pronumelui personal
Dativul totdeauna raspunde la intrbarea CUI?
He told me about it. - Mi-a spus (despre asta)
He gave you a present - Ti-a dat un cadou
The child showed him the drwaing! - Copilul i-a
aratat desenul
He wrote her a letter - I-a scris o scrisoare,
He read us a story - Ne-a citit o poveste
He built you a tree house - V-a vontruit o casa in
copac
He made them an offer - Le-a facut o oferta
179. Vai de mine!
Exista unele interjectii care folosesc pronume sau
adjective care se traduc cu vai de mine
Dear me!
Gracious me!
Goodness me
Oh my god!
Oh my stars!
Oh my!
180. WHO - CINE
Who este cine fara prepozitie. Whom este cu
prepozitie: pe cine, cu cine, la cine
Cand nu e interogatie Who poate fi tradus si cu
CARE sau PE CARE (whom)
Cand se refera mai degraba la oricine, cine se
traduce cu whoever.
23
Who me? - Cine eu?
Who do you think you are? - Cine te crezi?
Who will answer? - Cine va raspunde?
She is the girl who answered. - Ea este fata care a
raspuns.
That is the man whom I saw - Acela e omul pe care
l-am vazut
181. WHOEVER - ORICINE
Cand cine are intelesul de oricine se foloseste
whoever.
Anybody sau anyone au deasemeni intelesul de
oricine. Cand oricine poate fi inlocuit de cine
atunci se foloseste whoever.
Altfel se foloseste anybody, anyone
Whoever buys you earrings again - Cine ti-o mai
lua cercei
Anybody can come to the party - Oricine are voie
sa vina la petrecere
Whoever comes to the party, may win a prize - Cine
vine la petrecere poate castiga un premiu
182. anyone who - whoever
Putem insa inlocui whoever cu anyone who sau
anybody who.
This number is for anyone who calls - Acest numar
e pentru cine suna
This number is for whoever calls
183. WHOM - CU CINE, LA CINE, etc
Cand cine e insotit de prepozitie se traduce whom
in loc de who
Insa astazi aceasta regula e adeseori incalcata, si
forma folosita e tot who.
For whom the bells toll - Pentru cine bat clopotele.
Look who is talking to whom - Uite cine vorbeste cu
cine
With whom are you going? - Cu cine mergi?
dar veti auzi mai degraba:
23

With who are you going?
sau si mai des
Who are you going with?
184. to whom, to whoever - cui
to whom - la cine, catre cine - deobicei se traduce
prin cui
To whom are you writing? - Cui ii scrii?
dar
To whom are you going" - La cine te duci?
Give the old coat to whoever wants it - Da haina
veche oricui o vrea,
Primele doua intrebari se zic mai degraba:
Who are you writing to? - Cui ii scrii?
dar
Whom are you going to" - La cine te duci?
185. To whom it may concern - Cui ii poate fi de
interes
Propozitie consacrata folosita de firme pe scrisori
trimise catre mai multi destinatari necunoscuti
Poate fi si pe o scrisoare lasata de un sinucigas, in
sensul de nimanui nu-i pasa dar daca e cineva
totusi, caruia ii pasa de mine, sa citeasca asta.
186. who inseamna si caruia, careia, carora
Tell someone who cares - Spune cuiva caruia ii
pasa (nu mie)
187. WHO, WHICH si THAT inseamna CARE
Contextele in care se foloseste fiecare insa difera
putin. Who se foloseste in cazul oamenilor
That si which in cazul fiintelor, obiectelor si
conceptelor.
The boy who runs fast - Baiatul care alearga
repede
24
The train that is fast - Trenul care e rapid
The fast train which we saw yesterday - Trenul
rapid pe care l-am vazut ieri
188. That introduce informatii obligatorii, which
neobligatorii
They are on the team that won first place - Ei sunt
in echipa care a luat locul intai(identifica echipa).
The present, which I bought her, is very big. -
Cadoul pe care i l-am luat e foarte mare. (Se
presupune ca nu ai cumparat si alte cadouri)
That se foloseste la animale si chiar si la oameni.
The big shaggy dog that I love - Cainele mare si
latos pe care il iubesc.
The man that conquered Mount Everest - Omul
care a cucerit Everestul
189. Daca propozitia principala incepe cu this,
that, these, those se poate folosi which in loc de
that. That car - Masina aceea, masina a fost
identificata, deci acum putem folosi which.
That car which is in the park is Mary's. - Masina
aceea care este in parcare este a Mariei.
190. one another - unul pe altul
unul cu altul, unul pe celalalt, unul celuilalt, unii pe
altii
They help one another a lot - Se ajuta mult unul pe
altul
They talk to one another - Vorbesc unul cu altul
They often see one another - Deseori se viziteaza
(se intalnesc, se vad) unul pe celalalt.
Let us help one another - Sa ne ajutam unii pe altii.
191. each other inseamna one another
Amandoua au acelasi inteles totusi cand este vorba
de doua persoane each other poate fi preferat
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They listened to each other speak - S-au asultat There are twelve months in a year - Sunt 12 luni
unul pe altul vorbind intr-un an.
They always had respect for each other - Totdeauna
s-au respectat unul pe celalalt
They always had respect for one another
194. 20 - 100
Twenty - 20
Thirty - 30
5.NUMERALUL Forty - 40
Fifty - 50
Sixty - 60
Seventy - 70
Eighty - 80
192. 1 - 10
Ninety - 90
One - 1
There are sixty minutes in an hour - Sunt 60 de
Two - 2
minute intr+o ora
Three - 3
Four - 4
Five - 5
Six - 6 195. 21
Seven - 7 Twenty-one - Douazeci si unu
Eight - 8 In engleza moderna nu se zice si la nici un numar
Nine - 9 pana la 99 inclusiv.
Ten - 10 In engleza arhaica puteti auzi one and twenty etc
Four and twenty blackbirds baked in a pie - 24 de
A week has seven days - O saptamana are sapte zile mierle coapte in placinta
I will be there in ten minutes - Ajung in 10 minute
Twenty-one is the legal age for drinking in the US. -
21 de ani e varsta legala pentru baut alcool in
SUA.
193. 11 - 20 There are twenty-four hours in a day. - Sunt 24 de
ore pe zi
Eleven - 11 There are seven days in a week - Sunt sapte zile
Twelve - 12 intr-o saptamana
Thirteen - 13 There are fifty-two weeks in a year - Sunt 52 de
Fourteen - 14 saptamani intr-un an.
Fifteen - 15 There are a hundred years in a century - Sunt 100
Sixteen - 16 de ani intr-un secol.
Seventeen - 17
Eighteen - 18
Nineteen - 19
Twenty -20 196. 101 - 110
one hundred and one - 101
A teenager is somebody between thirteen and sau
nineteen (years of age) - Un adolescent e cineva one hundred one - 101
intre 13 si 19 ani. la fel orice numar intre un multiplu de 100 si
mutiplul plus 10. Exemplu:
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 26

406 - four hundred and six In eighteen seventy-seven Romania won its
sau independence - In 1877 Romania si-a castigat
four hundred six. independenta
356 - three hundred fifty six In nineteen fourty-four the war ended in Europe -
In 1944 s-a terminat razboiul in Europa.
One hundred and one dalmations - O suta unu
dalmatieni
Stefan cel Mare died five hundred eight years ago,
in 1504. - Stefan cel Mare a murit acum 508 ani in 200. Pentru a zice de ordinul sutelor, miilor
1504. Se zice:
This year has three hundred fifty seven days - Anul In the hundreds, in the thousands.
acesta are 356 zile.
People came in the thousands to the concert -
Oamenii au venit cu miile la concert

197. a thousand - o mie

ten thousand - 10.000
a hundred thousand - o suta de mii 201. 1,64 = 1.64 De remarcat ca in engleza acolo
a million - 1.000.000 unde noi punem ',' pentru zecimale, ei pun punct si
a billion - un miliard unde noi punem '.' la mii ei pun virgula

A thousand and one nights - O mie si una de nopti 1, 64 in romaneste = 1.64 in englezeste
That village has a population of two thousand three 5.279 in romaneste = 5,279 in englezeste
hundred seventeen people - Acel sat are o populatie 5.237.754 -> 5,237,754
de 2317 locuitori

202. The 20's - Anii 20

198. Alta citire pentru mii The twenties - anii 20.
se zice mai mult:
2510 - twenty five hundred and ten The 40s were hard on everybody - Anii 40 au fost
si nu grei pentru toata lumea.
2510 - two thousand five hundred and ten.

Columbus sailed the ocean blue

In fourteen hundred ninety two.
Columb a navigat peste intinderea oceanului
In 1492
203. in his thirties
Am douazeci si ceva de ani - I'm in my twenties
She is in her nineties but she still jogs - Ea are 90 si
ceva de ani dar inca face jogging

199. 2012
Mai ales la ani, se zice mai simplu 204. 1-10
2012 - twenty twelve first - prima
1945 - nineteen forty-five second - a doua
Bineinteles ca si in engleza anii se scriu cu cifre, third - a treia
aici de fapt va arat cum se citesc acesti ani. fourth - a patra

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fifth - a cicea I ate one third of the pie - Am mancat o treime din
sixth - a sasea placinta
seventh - a saptea Two fifths of the project is done - 2/5 din proiect
eigth - a opta este terminat
ninth - a noua
tenth - a zecea

He came in first! - A terminat primul! 207. A tenth - A zecea parte

He finished the race in fourth place - A terminat A hundredth - A suta parte
cursa pe locul al patrulea. Se foloseste un numeral ordinal dar cu articolul
nehotarat a

A milimeter is a thousandth of a meter and a tenth

205. 11 - 20 si peste of a centimter - Un milimetru e a mia parte dintr-un
Se adauga th metru si a zecea parte dintr-un centimetru
eleventh - al 11-lea
twelfth - al 12-lea
thirteeth - al 13-lea
fourteenth - al 14-lea 208. What day is today - Ce zi e azi?
fifteenth - al 15-lea In engleza americana luna se scrie inaintea zilei.
sixteenth - al 16-lea
seventeenth - al 17-lea Azi e 13 octombrie
eighteenth - al 18-lea Today is the 13th of October (engleza britanica)
nineteetn - al 19-lea Todaz is October 13th (engleza americana)
Cu regula ca la nzmeralele terminate in y adeste se Todaz is October 13 (engleza americana)
transforma in i
sixty - sixtieth The New York City terrorist attacks took place on
Acestea se scriu prescurtat: 11th, 12th, 354th etc September 11, 2001.
They are also called the 9/11 (nine eleven) attacks
Eminescu lived in the nineteenth century - Atacurile teroriste din New York au avut loc pe 11
Eminescu a trait in secolul 19. Septembrie.
What country is number forty-eighth globally in oil Ele sunt deasemeni numite atacurile 11 9.
production? Romania. - Ce tara e pe locul 48 in
lume la productia de petrol?Romania
209. What time is it? - Cat e ceasul?

206. Two thirds - Doua treimi It is noon - E 12 ziua

Fractiile in engleza se exprima cu numerale It is midnight - E 12 noaptea
cardinale si ordinale 10 sau It is 10 o'clock sau It is 10 - E ora zece
Numaratorul e numeral cardinal It is half past ten. - E zece jumatate
Numitorul e ordinal It is a quarter past ten - E zece si un sfert
Half - jumatate It is a quarter to ten - E zece fara un sfert
A quarter - Un sfert
In engleza americana 0,3 se citeste O point three.
Zero se citeste in engleza ca zero sau O (litera o)
210. How old are you? - Cati ani ai?

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 28

Am 24 de ani To have - a avea

24 To do - a face
I am 24
sau Aceste verbe pe langa sensurile de mai sus
I am 24 years old construiesc timpuri compuse
(asa cum a avea in romana formeaza de exemplu
am alergat care nu inseamna ca: eu posed un
alergat, cum ai zice am mere, adica am isi pierde
6.VERBUL sensul cunoscut)

215. To be - a fi
211. Infinitivele verbelor se formeaza cu particula
to, exemple:
I am - Eu sunt
You are - Tu esti
To eat - a manca
He is - El este
To sleep a dormi
She is - Ea este
To think a gandi
We are - Noi suntem
To read - a citi
You are - Voi sunteti
To talk - a vorbi
They are - Ei sunt
To drink - a bea

216. To have - a avea

212. Exceptii can, may, must, shall, will, ought to
care nu primesc particula to I have - Eu am
Ele se numesc verbe modale.si sunt o categorie You have - Tu ai
aparte de verbe He has - El are
She has - Ea are
We have - Noi avem
You have - Voi aveti
They have - Ei au
213. De asemenea verbele se impart in regulate si
neregulate.
Verbele neregulate isi schimba radacina la anumite
timpuri, si ele trebuie invatate in trei variante. 217. To do - a face
Prima este verbul la infinitiv, apoi radacina pt past
tense si apoi radacina pt toate timpurile numite I do - Eu fac
perfecte. You do - Tu faci
Exemplu: He do - El face
She do - Ea face
to be - was - been We do - Noi facem
You do - Voi faceti
They do - Ei fac
214. Verbe auxiliare
To be - a fi

28
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218. Verbele nu au in engleza timpuri

corespunzatoare celor din limba romana.
In engleza trebuie precizat daca o actiune e in 222. To talk - a vorbi
desfasurare la un anumit moment prezent trecut, Present tense este:
viitor sau daca exista fara sa fie in desfasurare.
I talk - Eu vorbesc
De exemplu daca cineva iti spune: Lucrez la un You talk - Tu vorbesti
proiect. He talks - El votbste
Ce inseamna? Ca lucreaza in fiecare zi un timp la She talks - Ea vorbeste
acel proiect? We talk - Noi vorbim
Ca lucreaza acum dar a facut o pauza, poate l-ai You talk - Voi vorbiti
intrerupt tu? They talk - Ei vorbesc

219. I work - Eu lucrez. 223. Modul de formare al lui Present Tense

I work on a project - Lucrez la un proiect.
Poate fi un raspuns la intrebarea Cu ce te ocupi?
I work on a project, everyday - Lucrez la un proiect
zi de zi
Poate fi o afirmatie.
Acest timp se numeste Present Tense.
pt toate verbele cu exceptia celor auxiliare este
urmatorul
Se ia forma verbului la infinitiv care se pune la
toate persoanele.
La persoana a tria sigular se adauga s
To walk - a merge pe jos
I walk to school and he walks too - Eu merg pe jos
la scoala si el merge tot pe jos

220. I am working

Daca actiunea a inceput si e in desfasurare fara sa 224. To eat - a manca

fie insa ceva intrat in rutina, adica va avea un final Present continuous e urmatorul
se zice I am working Acest timp se numeste Present
Continuous Dupa cum vom vedea nu orice verb I am eating
accepta acest timp You are eating
He is eating
She is eating
We are eating
You are eating
221. Insa si acest mod de exprimare lasa loc pentru They are eating
confuzie

I am working on a project inseamna fie ca lucrez la

un proiect in clipa asta, fie ca am un proiect mare
la care lucrez de mai mult timp, dar care nu e
munca mea obisnuita.
De aceea daca acum lucrezi, e bine sa se precizeze
I am worknig on a project (right) now - ...chiar
acum. Desi chiar si aceasta exprimare lasa loc
pentru neintelegeri.
225. Modul de formare al lui Present Continuous
pentru toate verbele care primesc acest timp.
Se foloseste prezentul verbul auxiliar to be si se
adauga forma de infinitiv scurt (fara to) a verbului
de conjugat la care se adauga terminatia ing.
29

Shhh, people are reading in here! - Shhh, citesc
oameni aici!
He is talking on the phone - El vorbeste la telefon
226. I am - I'm
Verbul to be la prezent se foloseste foarte mult
(inclusiv ca auxiliar) intr'o forma contractata
I am - I'm
You are - You're
He is - He's
We are - We-re
You are - You're
They are - They're
I'm a lion tamer - Sunt imblanzitor de lei
I'm Romanian - Sunt roman(ca)
dar si
I'm playing the piano - Cant la pian
They're singing my favorite song - Ei canta
cantecul meu favorit
227. Verbele care nu au forma continua se numesc
verbe statice.
Ele sunt verbe care nu sunt verbe de actiune.
De exemplu: to be,to belong, to love, to hate, to
like, to know, to understand.
De exemplu nu se poate zice ca inteleg ceva acum
dar stiu ca peste un timp n-am sa mai inteleg acel
lucru.
228. Sunt si verbe care in mod normal nu admit
forma continua
dar in anumite cazuri admit
. to see - a vedea
I see an elephant si nu I am seeing an elephant.
dar se spune
I am seeing somebody - Ma vad cu cineva
I am seeing a doctor - Ma duc la un tratament mai
lung la doctor
30
229. To have - a avea
ca verb posesiv nu admite forma continua
I am having a car nu e corect
dar
I am having lunch este.
230. To hear - a auzi
to imagine - a-si imagina
nu au forma continua.
I hear a bell. - Aud un clopot
dar
You're hearing things sau
You're imagining things.
Inseamna ca auzi sau iti imaginezi lucruri care nu
sunt adevarate
231. to think - a gandi, a crede (mai rar)
To think cu sensul de a gandi are forma continua.
Dar in sensul de a crede nu are
I am thinking about you. - Ma gandesc la tine
I think you are wrong. - Cred ca nu ai dreptate.
232. Vorbitorii nativi de limba engleza cateodata
fac jocuri de cuvinte in care regulile gramaticale
pot fi incalcate.
Aceste abateri insa nu pot fi create decat de nativi,
ceilalti oameni trebuie sa respecte regulile de
gramatica, daca vor sa fie siguri ca nu gresesc sau
ca ceilalti nu le vad inventiile lingvistice doar ca pe
niste greseli.
Un exemplu Verbul to love nu accepta present
continuous (dar reclama lui McDonalds: I'm loving
it ar dovedi contrariul)
Reclama vrea sa zica probabil ca I am loving it
chiar acum,
30

in fiecare minut al vietii mele (de preferinta cu un
hamburger in mana)
233. Present Tense se foloseste:
1. Atunci cand actiunea e in derulare pe termen
nelimitat (chiar daca pe termen nelimitat ea nu se
intampla niciodata vezi mai jos)
I sometimes, talk to my cousin on the phone -
Cateodata vorbesc cu varul meu (verisoara mea) la
telefon
I see my sister everyday - O vad oe sora mea zilnic
I only see my cousin on weekends - Il vad pe varul
meu numai in weekend
I never see my uncle - Nu-l vad niciodata pe unciul
meu
234. Present Tense se foloseste:
2. Atunci cand ni se prezinta un adevar absolut
The sun heats the earth - Soarele incalzeste
pamantul
We breathe oxygen - Noi respiram oxigen
At night, dogs bark at the moon - Noaptea cainii
latra la luna
235. Present Tense se foloseste:
3. Ca viitor
The train arrives at nine - Trenul soseste la 9
I leave in an hour - Plec intr-o ora
236. Present Tense se foloseste:
4. Dupa: after (dupa), before (inainte), when
(cand), as soon as (deindata ce), while (in timp ce)
daca reprezinta o actiune viitoare
Aceata regula e valabila si cu Timpul Prezent din
romaneste
31
When I grow up, I'll be rich and famous. - Cand ma
fac mare voi fi bogat si celebru.
I will tell her as soon as I see her. - Am sa-i spun
deindata ce o vad
237. Present Continuous se foloseste:
1.Cand reprezinta o actiune care se desfasoara in
prezent si care are o perioada limitata de
desfasurare.
I am reading Gone with the wind - Citesc Pe aripile
vantului
They are watching TV. - Ei se uita la televizor
238. Present Continuous se foloseste:
2.Verbul descrie o actiune generala dar simultana
cu alta actiune:
I always get to the bus station when the bus is
leaving. - Totdeauna ajung in statie cand pleaca
autobuzul
239. Past Tense al verbului to talk - a vorbi e:
I talked - Eu am vorbit
You talked - Tu ai vorbit
He talked - El a vorbit
She talked - Ea a vorbit
We talked - Noi am vorbit
You talked - Voi ati vorbit
They talked - Ei, Ele au vorbit
240. Modul de formare al lui Past Tense
Pentru toate verbele regulate este prin adaugarea
terminatiei ed infinitivului scurt (fara to) al
verbului.
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I watched the storm approach - Am privit furtuna

apropiindu-se
They danced all night - Ei au dansat toata noaptea 244. Verbul to do - a face are forma la Past Tense
did:

I did - Eu am facut
241. Past Tense pentru verbele neregulate se You did - Tu ai facut
formeaza in modul urmator: He did - El a facut
Se ia din lista a doua forma a verbului si se She did - Ea a facut
foloseste la toate peroanele: We did - Noi am facut
De exemplu pentru to eat - a manca forma a doua e You did - Voi ati facut
ate. They did - Ei, Ele au facut

I ate - Eu am mancat
You ate - Tu ai mancat
He ate - El a mancat 245. Past Tense reprezinta o actiune care s-a
She ate - Ea a mancat desfasurat in trecut si s-a terminat.
We ate - Noi am mancat
You ate - Voi ati mancat I rang the doorbell until he answered. Am sunat -
They ate - Ei, Ele au mancat Am sunat, pana cand el mi-a deschis.
Am sunat dar nu mai sun, el a raspuns si mi-a
deschis.
I walked a lot yesterday - Ieri am mers mult pe jos.
242. Verbul to be - a fi are forma la Past Tense was
Totusi acest verb este singurul care nu respecta
regula. 246. Past Tense
Conjugarea o vedeti mai jos. E timpul folosit in povestiri
Apelati la el daca actiunea e la trecut si aveti
I was - Eu am fost indoieli ce timp sa folositi.
You were - Tu ai fost
He was - El a fost Jack and Jill went up the hill
She was - Ea a fost To fetch a pail of water
We were - Noi am fost Jack fell dwn and broke his crown
You were - Voi ati fost And Jill came tumbling after
They were - Ei, Ele au fost
Jack si cu Jill au urcat pe deal
Sa aduca o galeata de apa
Jack a cazut si si-a spart capul
243. Verbul to have - a avea are forma la Past Iar Jill a venit rostogolindu-se in urma lui
Tense had:

I had - Eu am avut
You had - Tu ai avut 247. Present Perfect al verbului to talk - a vorbi e:
He had - El a avut
She had - Ea a avut I have talked - Eu am vorbit
We had - Noi am avut You have talked - Tu ai vorbit
You had - Voi ati avut He has talked - El a vorbit
They had - Ei, Ele au avut She has talked - Ea a vorbit
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We have talked - Noi am vorbit
You have talked - Voi ati vorbit
They have talked - Ei, Ele au vorbit
248. Modul de formare al lui Present Perfect
pentru toate verbele regulate.
Se foloseste prezentul verbului auxiliar to have
si se adauga forma de infinitiv scurt (fara to) a
verbului de conjugat la care se adauga terminatia
ed.
I have finished the paper for my History class - Am
terminat lucrarea. You have won the race
249. Verbul to have a avea e de multe ori
deasemeni contractat ca si verbul to be.
Spre deosebire de acest verb insa care poate fi
contractat si ca verb de sine statator, to have se
contracta aproape numai in cazurile cand e verb
auxiliar
I have a dog - Am un caine, nu se contracta.
I have - I've
You have - You've
He has - He's
We have - We've
You have - You've
They have - They've
250. Present Perfect pentru verbele neregulate se
formeaza in modul urmator:
Se ia din lista a treia forma a verbului si se
foloseste la toate peroanele:
De exemplu pentru to eat - a manca forma a treia e
eaten.
I've eaten - Eu am mancat
You've eaten - Tu ai mancat
He's eaten - El a mancat
She's eaten - Ea a mancat
We've eaten - Noi am mancat
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You've eaten - Voi ati mancat
They've eaten - Ei, Ele au mancat
251. Present Perfect se foloseste:
1. Cand exprimam o actiune inceputa anterior
momentului prezent si care are consecinte in
prezent.
Aceste consecinte nu sunt neaparat exprimate
De exemplu: Am mancat (deci nu mi-e foame).
No, thank you, I have eaten - Nu multumesc am
mancat
252. Present Perfect se foloseste:
2.Daca actiunea din trecut e inca in desfasurare
sau daca efectul ei se vede in prezent.
I have painted the house blue - Am vopsit casa in
albastru
I have graduated from university last year - Am
absolvit facultatea anul trecut.
253. Present Perfect se foloseste:
2.Daca verbul e insotit de un adverb often (mereu),
sometimes (cateodata), never (niciodata) etc.
In aceste cazuri adverbul se pune de regula intre
I have never been to Oslo - Nu am fost niciodata la
Oslo -
She has always helped me when I asked her -
Totdeauna ea m-a ajutat cand am rugat-o
254. Si pentru Present Perfect exista multe exceptii:
1. Americanii folosesc mult Past Tense in locul lui
Present Perfec
2. In mod frecvent adverbul nu va fi intre auxiliar si
verb.
1. I never saw a purple cow
I never hope to see one
33

But I can tell you anyhow
I'd rather see than be one
Nu am vazut niciodata o vaca mov
Sper nici sa nu vad vreodata
Dar pot sa va spun cu siguranta
Ca prefer sa vad decat sa fiu
iar constructia: Never have I seen you looking so
lovely - Nciciodata nu te-am vazut aratand mai
incantatoare.- apare de exemplu in cantecul Lady
in Red.
Observati ca in acest caz se inverseaza I cu have.
255. Past Continuous al verbului to talk - a vorbi
e:
I was talking - Eu vorbeam
You were talking - Tu vorbeai
He was talking - El vorbea
She was talking - Ea vorbea
We were talking - Noi vorbeam
You were talking - Voi vorbeati
They were talking - Ei, Ele vorbeau
256. Modul de formare al lui Past Continuous
Pentru toate verbele si regulate si neregulate
timpul se formeaza prin conjugarea la past tense a
verbului auxiliar to be si adaugarea terminatiei ing
infinitivului scurt (fara to) al verbului.
I was writing him a letter hen he knocked on my
door - Ii scriam o scrisoare cand mi-a batut la usa
He was sleeping when the earthquake started - El
dormea cand a inceput cutremurul
257. Past Continuous se refera la:
Un eveniment in derulare la un moment in trecut
care se petrece simultan cu un alt eveniment.
De multe ori acest timp e echivalent cu imperfectul
din limba romana
(mancam) - Atunci cand verbul exprima o actiune
in trecut care a fost intrerupta de altceva.
34
I was eating when the lights went off -Mancam
cand s-a intrerupt lumina.
258. Past Perfect al verbului to talk - a vorbi e:
I had talked - Eu vorbisem
You had talked - Tu vorbisesi
He had talked - El vorbise
She had talked - Ea vorbiseram
We had talked - Noi vorbiserati
You had talked - Voi vorbeati
They had talked - Ei, Ele vorbisera
259. Modul de formare al lui Past Perfect
Se foloseste Past Tense verbului auxiliar to have si
se adauga forma de infinitiv scurt (fara to) a
verbului de conjugat la care se adauga terminatia
ed.
I had heard of him even as a child - Auzisem de el
chiar si ca copil
260. Past Perfect pentru verbele neregulate se
formeaza in modul urmator
Se ia din lista a treia forma a verbului si se
foloseste la toate peroanele.
I had eaten - Eu mancasem
You had eaten - Tu mancasesi
He had eaten - El mancase
She had eaten - Ea mancase
We had eaten - Noi mancaseram
You had eaten - Voi mancaserati
They had eaten - Ei, Ele nancasera
261. La Past Perfect verbul reprezinta o actiune
inceputa, anterioara unui moment trecut sau
anterioara unei actiuni trecute.
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I had learned to play the piano before I started I will be an engineer. - Voi fi inginer I will have a
violin lessons. - Invatasem sa cant la pian inainte big house - Voi avea o casa mare
sa incep lectiile de vioara. I will do what I promised - Voi face ce am promis

262. De multe ori Past Perfect e echivalent cu mai
mult ca perfectul din limba romana (invatasem).
Anume atunci cand verbul este o actiune ce s-a
terminat in trecut fata de momentul/actiunea tot
trecuta la care se raporteaza.
I had eaten the desert that is why I did not want the
soup - Eu mancasem desertul de aceea nu am mai
vrut supa.
266. Pe langa auxiliarul de departe cel mai folosit
de la to be, anume will
Exista si shall care atunci cand e folosit deobicei
implica o promisiune a infaptuirii actiunii
respective, in engleza americana se foloseste foarte
rar.
I shall keep my promise, I shall learn to ride a bike.
- Imi voi tine promisiunea, voi invata sa merg pe
bicicleta

263. Future Tense (Viitorul) verbului to talk - a

vorbi este: 267. O alta forma a timpului viitor in engleza
americana se formeaza cu am going to.
I will talk - Eu voi vorbi
You will talk - Tu vei vorbi I am going to eat - I will eat
He will talk - El va vorbi You are going to eat
She will talk - Ea va vorbi He is going to eat
We will talk - Noi vom vorbi She is going to eat
You will talk - Voi veti vorbi We are going to eat
They will talk - Ei, Ele vor vorbi Yo are going to eat
They are going to eat

264. Modul de formare al lui Future Tense

Se foloseste forma will provenita de la verbul 268. Future Continuousal verbului to talk - a vorbi
auxiliar to br si se adauga forma de infinitiv scurt e:
(fara to) a verbului de conjugat.
I will be talking
I will tell the truth, he said. - Voi spune adevarul, a You will be talking
spus el He will be talking
Today, I will go by bus. - Astazi, ma duc cu She will be talking
autobuzul We will be talking
The party will be great! - Petrecerea va fi grozava! You will be talking
They will be talking

265. Future Tense reprezinta o actiune viitoare

nelimitata in timp. 269. Modul de formare al lui Future Continuous
pentru toate verbele regulate si neregulate este de

35

folosire a lui will be urmat de infinitivul scurt al
verbului la care se adauga terminatia ing
She'll be coming round the mountain when she
comes - Ea va veni in jurul muntelui atunci cand va
veni.
270. Future Continuous
se foloseste atunci cand verbul reprezinta o actiune
in derulare la un moment dat in viitor
Tonight, at 10, I will be grading papers. - Diseara,
la 10, eu voi corecta lucrari
271. Future Perfect al verbului to talk - a vorbi e:
I will have talked - Eu voi fi vorbit
You will have talked - Tu vei fi vorbit
He will have talked - El va fi vorbit
She will have talked - Ea va fi vorbit
We will have talked - Noi vom fi vorbit
You will have talked - Voi veti fi vorbit
They will have talked - Ei, Ele vor fi vorbit
272. Modul de formare al lui Future Perfect
Se foloseste will have si se adauga forma de
infinitiv scurt a verbului de conjugat la care se
adauga terminatia ed.
They will have gathered the harvest by the time
autumn comes - Ei vor fi strans recolta pana la
venirea toamnei.
273. Future Perfect pentru verbele neregulate
Se formeaza in modul urmator Se ia din lista a treia
forma a verbului si se foloseste la toate peroanele
in locul infinitivului scurt.
eat - ate - eaten unde eat = a manca
36
I wil have eaten - Eu voi fi mancat
You wil have eaten - Tu vei fi mancat
He wil have eaten - El va fi mancat
She wil have eaten - Ea va fi mancat
We wil have eaten - Noi vom fi mancat
You wil have eaten - Voi veti fi mancat
They wil have eaten - Ei, Ele vor fi mancat
274. Future Perfect exprima o actiune din viitor
care se va petrece inaintea altei actiuni din viitor.
Este echivalentul lui voi fi facut, din romaneste.
By the time the mustard comes, the kids will have
eaten the stake. - Pana vine mustarul copiii vor fi
mancat friptura
275. Present Perfect Continuous al verbului to talk
- a vorbi e:
I have been talking
You have been talking
He has been talking
She has been talking
We have been talking
You have been talking
They have been talking
276. Modul de formare al lui Present Perfect
Continuous pentru toate verbele regulate:si
neregulate:
Se foloseste verbul auxiliar to have care se conjuga
la present la fiecare persoana.
Se adauga la toate persoanele been care este forma
a treia a verbului auxiliar to be
Se adauga infinitivul scurt al verbului folosit la
care se adauga terminatia ing
I have been waiting by the phone since 10 a.m - Am
asteptat langa telefon de la 10 dimineata.
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277. Prezentul Perfect Continuu se foloseste
atunci cand verbul reprezinta o actiune care s-a
desfasurat pana acum, si va continua probabil si in
viitor
I've been working on the railroad all live long day -
Am muncit la calea ferata cat e ziua de lunga
278. Trecutul Perfect Continuu al verbului to talk
- a vorbi este:
I had been talking
You had been talking
He had been talking
She had been talking
We had been talking
You had been talking
They had been talking
279. Modul de formare al lui Past Perfect
Continuous pentru toate verbele regulate:si
neregulate:
Se foloseste verbul auxiliar to have care se conjuga
la Past Tense la fiecare persoana.
Se adauga la toate persoanele been care este forma
a treia a verbului auxiliar to be
Se adauga infinitivul scurt al verbului folosit la
care se adauga terminatia ing
I had been washing my car when it started raining -
Imi spalam masina cand a inceput ploaia
280. Past Perfect Continuous reprezinta o actiune
in curs pana la un moment dat trecut cand a fost
oprita de o alta actiune a carui urmari continua si
azi.
He had been eating from the chocolate, before you
told him it contained peanuts - Manca din ciocolata
inainte sa-i spui ca ea contine alune americane.
37
281. Future Perfect Continuous al verbului to talk
- a vorbi e:
I will have been talking - Eu voi fi vorbit
You will have been talking - Tu vei fi vorbit
He will have been talking - El va fi vorbit
She will have been talking - Ea va fi vorbit
We will have been talking - Noi vom fi vorbit
You will have been talking - Voi veti fi vorbit
They will have been talking - Ei, Ele vor fi vorbit
282. Modul de formare al lui Future Perfect
Continuous pentru toate verbele regulate:si
neregulate:
Se foloseste forma will care provine de la verbul
auxiliar to be
Se foloseste infinitivul scurt have a verbului
auxiliar to have
Se adauga la toate persoanele been care este forma
a treia a verbului auxiliar to be
Se adauga infinitivul scurt al verbului folosit la
care se adauga terminatia ing
It will have been raining for three weeks straight
this Monday - Va fi plouat fara intrerupere de trei
saptamani lunea asta.
283. Future Perfect Continuous reprezinta o
actiune desfasurata in viitor care se intinde pe o
perioada lunga de timp in trecut si implica o
actiune in derulare.
At 4 o'clock that marathon runner will have been
running for over five hours, but he refuses to give
up. - La ora 4, acel alergator de maraton va fi
alergat de 5 ore, dar el refuza sa se dea batut
284. Exista un numar de verbe care nu exprima o
actiune. Aceste verbe sa numesc Linking Verbs
(verbe de legatura), sunt insotite de un substantiv
sau de un adjectiv
Pe romaneste ele formeaza predicatul nominal.
37

I am an actress - Eu sunt actrita. (sunt actrita e
predicat nominal)
My neighbor seems happy - Vecinul meu pare
fericit. - (pare fericit e predicat nominal)
285. In engleza urmatoarele verbe sunt totdeauna
verbe de legatura si trebuie urmate de un nume
predicativ:
to be - a fi
to become - a deveni
to seem - a parea
She is funny - Ea este nostima
Budgies become frightened easily - Papagalii perus
devin usor spariati
It seemed like a good idea - Parea o idee buna
286. In engleza urmatoarele verbe NU sunt
totdeauna verbe de legatura functia lor in
propozitie depinde de context:
to appear - a aparea, a parea
to feel - a simti
to grow - a creste
to look - a privi, a cauta, a parea
to prove - a dovedi
to remain - a ramane
to smell - a mirosi
to sound - a suna
to taste - a gusta
to turn - a (se) intoarce, a deveni
287. To appear, to look si to turn au valoare de
predicat nominal atunci cand au intelesul unuia din
verbele care am vazut ca sunt totdeauna predicate
nominale: to be, to become, to seem
Predicate nominale:
He appears tired He seems tired Pare obosit
He looks familiar He seems familiar Pare cunoscut
He turned 16. - He became 16 (nu se zice) - A
implinit, (a devenit de)16 ani.
38
NU sunt predicate nominale
He appeared on TV - A aparut la televizor
He is looking for his watch - Isi cauta ceasul
He turned the car to face the gate - A intors masina
ca sa fie cu fata spre poarta
288. Daca celelalte verbe prezentate
To feel - a simti, to grow - a creste, to prove - a
dovedi, to remain - a ramane, to smell - a mirosi, to
sound - a suna, to taste - a gusta
pot fi considerate sinonime cu verbul to be, atunci
avem de-a face cu un predicat nominal care trebuie
urmat de un adjectiv sau de un substantiv.
I feel a stong pain - Simt un mare junghi: verb de
actiune
I feel tired - Ma simt obosita - Sunt obosita: verb de
legatura (predicat nominal)
I grow a tree - Cresc un copac: verb de actiune
He will grow tall - El va creste inalt - El va fi inalt:
verb de legatura (predicat nominal)
289. Exista cateva adjective in engleza care nu pot
sta decat pe langa un verb de legatura.
Ele nu pot fi folosite pe langa substantive.
He is ill. - E bolnav.
An ill man - Nu e corect.
afraid: I am afraid - Mi-e frica
asleep: He is asleep - El doarme
alone: I am alone - Sunt singur
alive: I am alive - Sunt viu
aware: I am aware of that - Sunt constient de acest
lucru
awake: It's ok, I am awake - E ok, nu dorm
content: I am content - Sunt multumit
due: The paper is due tommorow - Referatul are
scadenta maine
ready: I am ready - Sunt gata
unable: I am unable to sing - Nu pot sa cant
glad: I am glad you came - Ma bucur ca ai venit
sorry: I am sorry - Imi pare rau
well: He is well - El e bine
38

ill: He is ill - El e bolnav
sure: I am sure - Sunt sigur
290. Toate timpurile invatate se refera la Diateza
Activa, subiectul propozitiei efectueaza actiunea.
I am eating a boa constrictor - Eu mananc un sarpe
boa
291. In Diateza Pasiva actiunea se face asupra
subiectului
I am being eaten by a boa constrictor. - Eu sunt
mancat de un sarpe boa
The clothes have been rinsed in the washing
machine - Hainele au fost clatite in masina de
spalat
292. Diateza Pasiva - Present Tense
I lift crates - Eu ridic lazi.
The crates are lifted by me - Lazile sunt ridicate de
mine
I am lifed - Eu sunt ridicat
You are lifted - Tu esti ridicat
He is lifted - El este ridicat
She is lifted - Ea este ridicata
We are lifted - Noi suntem ridicati
You are lifted - Voi sunteti ridicati
They are lifted - Ei, Ele sunt ridicati
293. Diateza Pasiva - Present Continuous I am
lifting crates - The creates are being lifted by me
I am being lifed
You are being lifted
He is being lifted
She is being lifted
We are being lifted
39
You are being lifted
They are being lifted
294. Diateza Pasiva - Past Tense I lifted crates -
Eu am ridicat lazi.
The crates were lifted by me - Lazile au fost ridicate
de mine
I was lifted - Eu am fost ridicat
You were lifted - Tu ai fost ridicat
He was lifted - El a fost ridicat
She was lifted - Ea a fost ridicata
We were lifted - Noi am fost ridicati
You were lifted - Voi ati fost ridicati
They were lifted - Ei, Ele au fost ridicati
295. Diateza Pasiva - Present Perfect
I have lifted crates - The creates have been lifted by
me
I have been lifted - Eu am fost ridicat
You have been lifted - Tu ai fost ridicat
He has been lifted - El a fost ridicat
She has been lifted - Ea a fost ridicata
We have been lifted - Noi am fost ridicati
You have been lifted - Voi ati fost ridicati
They have been lifted - Ei, Ele au fost ridicati
296. Diateza Pasiva - Past Continuous
I was lifting crates - Eu ridicam lazi.
The crates were being lifted by me - Lazile erau
ridicate de mine
I was being lifted - Eu eram ridicat
You were being lifted - Tu erai ridicat
He was being lifted - El era ridicat
She was being lifted - Ea era ridicata
We were being lifted - Noi eram ridicati
You were being lifted - Voi erati ridicati
They were being lifted - Ei, Ele erau ridicati
39

297. Diateza Pasiva - Past Perfect
I had lifted crates - Eu ridicasem lazi.
The crates had been lifted by me - Lazile fusesera
ridicate de mine
I had been lifted - Eu fusesem ridicat
You had been lifted - Tu fusesesi ridicat
He had been lifted - El fusesese ridicat
She had been lifted - Ea fusesese ridicata
We had been lifted - Noi fuseseram ridicati
You had been lifted - Voi fuseserati ridicati
They had been lifted - Ei, Ele fusesera ridicati
298. Diateza Pasiva - Future Tense
I will lift crates - Eu voi ridica lazi.
The creates will be lifted by me - Lazile vor fi
ridicate de mine
I will be lifted - Eu voi fi ridicat
You will be lifted - Tu vei fi ridicat
He will be lifted - El va fi ridicat
She will be lifted - Ea va fi ridicata
We will be lifted - Noi vom fi ridicati
You will be lifted - Voi veti fi ridicati
They will be lifted - Ei, Ele vor fi ridicati
299. Diateza Pasiva - Future Continuous
I will be lifting crates - The creates will be being
lifted by me
Acest timp e prea complicat. Nu se foloseste
300. Diateza Pasiva - Future Perfect
I will have lifted crates - Eu voi fi ridicat lazi.
The creates will have been lifted by me - Lazile vor
fi fost ridicate de mine
I will have been lifted - Eu voi fi fost ridicat
You will have been lifted - Tu vei fi fost ridicat
He will have been lifted - El va fi fost ridicat
She will have been lifted - Ea va fi fost ridicata
We will have been lifted - Noi vom fi fost ridicati
40
You will have been lifted - Voi veti fi fost ridicati
They will have been lifted - Ei, Ele vor fi fost
ridicati
301. Diateza Pasiva - Perfect Continuous Tenses
I have been lifting crates
I had been lifting crates
I will have been lifting crates
Aceste timpuri devin foarte complicate la diateza
pasiva, asa ca nu se folosesc.
302. Modul conditional exista si in engleza si in
romana:
I would fly if I had wings. - As zbura daca as avea
aripi.
As zbura (I would fly) e conditionalul prezent
As zbura - I would fly e conditionalul prezent
303. Conditionalul Prezent ramane neschimbat la
toate persoanele:
I would fly - Eu as zbura
You would fly - Tu ai zbura
He would fly - El ar zbura
She would fly - Ea ar zbura
We would fly - Noi am zbura
You would fly - Voi ati zbura
They would fly - Ei, Ele ar zbura
304. I shall do this are la conditional echivalentul I
should do this
iar
I will do this are la conditional echivalentul I
would do this
would si should nu inseamna acelasi lucru:
shall implica o promisiune - should inseamna ar
40
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trebui I would be flying

I would inseamna as vrea You would be flying
He would be flying
Tom: I shall win the race! - Voi castiga cursa! She would be flying
Bill: You should!- Ar trebui (ar fi cazul) We would be flying
You would be flying
Tom: I will call you!- Am sa va sun! They would be flying
Bill I know you would (like to call us), but... - Stiu
ca ai vrea sa ne suni, dar...

309. Conditionalul Prezent Continuu nu are forma

pasiva.
305. La diateza pasiva ca si la diateza activa
conditionalul nu se schimba in functie de persona
(You, he, she etc)

I would be asked by my teacher - As fi intrebat de 310. Conditionalul Trecut e de forma:

profesoara.
I would have asked - Eu as fi intrebat
sau
I should have asked - Ar fi trebuit sa intreb
306. Conditionalul prezent continuu
I, you...would be flying.

They are flying a kite - Ei inalta un zmeu prezent 311. Conjugarea Conditionalului trecut e
continuu. neschimbata la toate persoanele
They would be flying a kite if there was wind - Ei ar In cazul verbelor neregulate se foloseste forma a
inalta un zmeu daca ar avea vant conditionalul la treia
prezent continuu.
I would have asked
You would have asked
He would have asked
307. Conditionalul prezent continuu inlocuieste She would have asked
conditionalul prezent in aceleasi cazuri in care We would have asked
prezentul continuu inlocuieste prezentul. You would have asked
They would have asked
If he were here, he would be answering your
questions, as we speak - Daca era aici, v-ar fi
raspuns la intrebari chiar acum (in timpul acesta in
care va vorbesc). iar la prezent Because he is here 312. Diateza pasiva - Conditionalul Trecut
he is answeing questions, right now - Pentru ca e Ca si pana acum nici aceasta forma nu se schimba
aici, el raspunde chiar acum la intrebari in functie de persoana (You, he, she etc)

I would have been asked by my teacher - As fi fost

intrebat de profesoara mea.
308. Si Conditionalul Prezent Continuu ca si
consditionalul prezent ramane neschimbat la toate
persoanele.

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313. Conditionalul trecut continuu
I, you...would have been flying.
They were flying a kite - Ei inaltau un zmeu - trecut
continuu.
They would have been flying a kite if there had been
wind - Ei ar fi inaltat un zmeu daca ar fi avut vant -
conditionalul la trecut continuu.
314. Conditionalul trecut continuu inlocuieste
conditionalul trecut in aceleasi cazuri in care
trecutul continuu inlocuieste trecutul.
He would have been doing jail time if the law
hadn't changed - Ar fi facut puscarie daca nu s-ar fi
schimbat legea.
315. Conditionalul trecut continuu ramane
neschimbat la toate persoanele
I would have been flying
You would have been flying
He would have been flying
She would have been flying
We would have been flying
You would have been flying
They would have been flying
316. Conditionalul Trecut Continuu nu are forma
pasiva.
317. Propozitiile care contin conditionale contin
deasemeni de multe ori prin natura lor conjunctia
daca.
Aceste propozitii au forma:
Daca A atunci B - If A then B
Daca A, B - If A, B
B daca A - B if A.
Aceste propozitii care contin o conditie se numesc
42
conditionale.
In engleza, ele au anumite reguli pentru timpurile
verbelor din cadrul lor.
Ele se numesc If Clauses
If I go to school then I will learn a lot - Daca ma
duc la scoala atunci voi invata multe
sau
If I go to school, I will learn a lot
sau
I will learn a lot if I go to school - Voi invata multe
daca ma duc la scoala).
318. If Clauses - Regula nr1
Daca B e la viitor dupa if, adica in propozitia A se
pune prezentul
If you let me in, I will give you a package - Daca
ma lasi sa intru iti dau un pachet
sau
I will give you a package if you let me in - Iti dau
un pachet daca ma lasi sa intru
319. If Clauses - Regula nr2
Daca B contine connditionalul prezent dupa if,
adica in propozitia A se pune past tense
If I met her I would tell her - Daca as intalni-o, i-as
spune
I would tell her, if I met her - I-as spune, daca as
intalni-o
320. Exceptie - Regula nr2
Verbul to be la toate persoanele devine were
If I were happy I would clap my hands - Daca as fi
fericit as bate din palme
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321. If Clauses - Regula nr3
Daca B contine connditionalul trecut dupa if, adica
in propozitia A se pune past perfect
If I had gone by ship I would have been
shipwrecked too - Daca ma duceam cu vaporul as fi
fost si eu naufragiat.
322. Pentru aceste reguli valabile pentru IF
clauses trebuie sa verificam ca fraza contine un if
clause adica contine daca...atunci - if...then.
Regulile se aplica numai atunci cand.daca
introduce o propozitie conditionala.
Asa cum am vazut then poate sa lipseasca din
propozitie dar existenta lui then trebuie sa se
subinteleaga, chiar daca nu exista in fraza.
I don't know if he will come - Nu stiu daca el va
veni
Aceasta propozitie nu este echivalenta cu: Daca el
va veni atunci nu stiu.
Deci nu este un if clause.
323. Modul subjonctiv (sau conjunctiv) exista si in
engleza si in romana:
In engleza moderna modul subjonctiv nu este folosit
mult.
Exemple de subjonctiv in romana:
Sa fiu eu acolo, acest lucru nu s-ar intampla - If I
were there this would not happen
Sa fi fost eu acolo, acest lucru nu s-ar fi intamplat.
- Had I been there this would not have happened
Sa fiu este subjonctivul prezent al lui a fi.
Sa fi fost este subjonctivul trecut al lui a fi.
324. In engleza:
Subjonctivul prezent cere that in propozitia
secundara.
Subjonctivul prezent in engleza pune la toate
persoanele verbul la infinitiv.
43
It is required that he pass the exam - Se cere ca el
sa ia examenul
si
It was required that he pass the exam - Se cerea ca
el sa ia examenul
desi prezentul este: he passes the exam
325. Zicem insa
Everyone knows that he passes exams Toata lumea
stie ca el ia examenele
Deci he passes si nu he pass deoarece dupa cum
vom vedea aceasta propozitie in engleza (sau
romana) nu cere subjonctivul.
326. Subjonctivul in englezeste exprima dorinte
sau cerinte prezente sau trecute.
I want that you come at 6 o'clock - Vreau ca tu sa
vii la 6.
I would like that you come at 6 o'clock. - Mi-ar
placea ca tu sa vii la ora sase.
Mult mai normal era insa
I would like you to come at six o'clock (Mi-ar
placea tu a veni la 6.)
327. Subjonctivul trecut nu se deosebeste ca forma
de past tense in majoritatea cazurilor, insa el
exprima prezentul.
El foloseste fie if - daca fie to wish.
Folosirea acestui subjonctiv urmeaza regula nr2
din if clause
If I owned a car, I would leave tommorow.- Sa am o
masina as pleca maine.(Daca dorim sa pastram
subjonctivul in romana)
pe romaneste insa se zice mai mult
Daca as avea o masina as pleca maine.
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328. Subjonctivul trecut urmeaza si exceptia
regulii nr2 din if clause
If I were a singer I would sing all day - Daca as fi
cantaret as canta toata ziua.
in ziua de azi insa veti auzi de multe ori:
If I was a singer - Daca as fi cantaret
329. Un alt caz pentru subjonctivul trecut este
atunci cand se foloseste verbul to wish - a dori in
principala
I wish you were here - As vrea sa fii aici
I wish he were here - As vrea sa fie aici
dar se spune si
I wish he was here - As vrea sa fie aici
I wish I was a millionaire - As vrea sa fiu milionar.
330. Subjonctivul mai mult ca perfectexprima cu
adevarat un timp trecut (spre deosebire de
subjonctivul trecut care am vazut ca exprima un
eveniment prezent)
. Subjonctivul mai mult ca perfect foloseste Mai
mult ca perfectul(Past Perfect).
Sa ma fi dus ieri, cumparam bilete la spectacol. - If
I had gone yesteday, I would've bought tickets to
the show
331. Subjonctivul mai mult ca perfect se poate
exprima si omitand if si inversand locul pronumelui
(subiectului) cu verbul auxiliar had
Sa ma fi dus ieri, cumparam bilete la spectacol. -
Had I gone yesteday, I would've bought tickets to
the show
Had Farmer Jones known, he would've harvested
sooner. - Sa fi stiut Fermierul Jones, ar fi recoltat
mai devreme.
44
332. Subjonctivul viitor se formeza astfel:
If I were to pass the exam I would be ecstatic - Sa
trec examenul as fi in culmea fericirii.
333. In englezeste am vazut ca subjonctivul se
foloseste daca verbul din principala exprima o
dorinta sau o cerere.
Insa constructia cu conjunctia that intre propozitii
apare in multe alte situatii
In aceste situatii regulile pentru subjonctiv nu sunt
valabile
Subjonctiv
I wish (that) he pass the class - Imi doresc ca el sa
treaca clasa
I wish (that) he were more determined - Mi-as dori
sa fie mai hotarat
Nu contine subjonctiv
I see (that) he studies nowadays - Vad ca el
studiaza zilele astea
I think (that) in the past he was lazy - Cred ca in
trecut era lenes
334. Cand vorbim de acuzativ cu infinitiv verbul
din secundara se pune la infinitiv iar pronumele
(sau substantivul) la acuzativ.
Acuzativul cu infinitiv de multe ori (dar nu
totdeauna) se traduce in romaneste cu ajutorul
subjonctivului.
I want you to go there in loc de I want that you go
there.
335. Sa comparam aceste doua forme trecand
pronumele al doilea prin toate persoanele.
Vedem aceata constructie de verb (wants) +
acuzativ (me/you etc) + infinitiv (to go)
Emily wants that I go there - Emily wants me to go
there
Emily wants that you go there - Emily wants you to
go there
44

Emily wants that he go there - Emily wants him to
go there
Emily wants that she go there - Emily wants her to
go there
Emily wants that Jake go there - Emily wants Jake
to go there
Emily wants that we go there - Emily wants us to go
there
Emily wants that you go there - Emily wants you to
go there
Emily wants that they go there - Emily wants them
to go there
336. Nu orice verb in propozitia principala permite
folosirea acuzativului cu infinitivul
Urmatoarele verbe sunt doar cateva dintre cele ce
NU permit aceasta.
to fall, to run, to talk.
337. Verbe care accepta acuzativul cu infinitivul:
1. Verbe care exprima dorinta: (to wish, to want, to
like)
I wish him to speak - Doresc ca el sa vorbeasca
I wish to speak. - Doresc (ca eu) sa vorbesc - Ca si
in romaneste cand ambele propozitii au acelelasi
pronume al doilea cade
They would like me to talk about my hometown -
Le-ar place ca eu sa vorbesc despre orasul meu
natal
338. Verbe care accepta acuzativul cu infinitivul:
2.Verbe care exprima obligatii: (to make, to cause,
to induce)
You made him cry! (fara to) - L-ai facut sa planga!
The crisis caused the stock market to fall (cu to)-
Criza a facut ca bursa sa cada
The teacher induced the little boy to sing (cu to) -
Profesoara l-a convins pe baietel sa cante
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339. Verbe care accepta acuzativul cu infinitivul:
3.Verbe senzoriale (to hear, to see, to notice, to
feel, to watch)
Aceasta categorie de verbe nu are to.
I felt him lose his cool - L-am simtit cum isi pierde
firea
He watched the plane vanish in the clouds - A privit
avionul disparand in nori.
I heard him come in. - L-am auzit intrand
I will see the teams compete.- Voi vedea echipele
intrecandu-se.
He will notice you sing well - Va observa ca tu
canti bine.
340. Verbe care accepta acuzativul cu infinitivul:
3.Verbe care exprima activitatea mintala (to think,
to consider, to understand)
I think him to be a great writer. - Cred ca el e un
mare scriitor.
I think (that) he is a great writer - era mai direct
They consider him to be the future king - Il
considera pe el (sa fie) viitorul rege
He understood her to be a shy person.- El a inteles-
o pe ea sa fie o persoana timida
341. Nominativul unei propozitii este subiectul, un
pronume sau un substantiv.
In anumite situatii in propozitii poate exista un
nominativ si un infinitiv intre ele fiind intercalat
predicatul propozitiei.
Aceasta constructie poarta numele de nominativul
cu infinitivul
I want to run - Vreau sa alerg.
342. Acesta constructie e posibila pentru anumite
verbe aflate la pasiv (to make, to say, to know, to
believe)
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He was made to apologize by the teacher - A fost
pus sa isi ceara scuze de catre profesoara
That farmer is said to have many acres of land -
Fermierul acela se zice ca are multi acri de pamant
My grandmother was known to help people. -
Bunica mea era cunoscuta ca ajuta oamenii
During the war he was believed to be dead. - In
timpul razboiului el era crezut mort
343. Nominativul cu infinitivul se poate folosi
pentru verbele to happen, to seem, to appear, to
prove.
They happen to be my cousins - Ei sunt verii mei
Your friend seemed to have many plans for the
future.- Prietenul tau parea sa aiba multe planuri
de viitor
The dog appeared to bark on command - Cainele
parea sa latre la porunca
I will prove to be worthy of your trust - Voi dovedi
ca sunt demn de increderea voastra.
344. Nominativul cu infinitivul se poate folosi
pentru verbul to be urmat de sure, certain sau likely
He is sure to remember the incident - El cu
siguranta isi aminteste de incident
You are certain to be in the play - Esti cu siguranta
in piesa
She is likely to succeed.- Ea are sanse sa castige.
345. Pe langa folosirea terminatiei ing la
conjugarea continua, aceasta se foloseste si in alte
situatii pe post de substantiv, adjectiv sau verb.
Dupa rolul jucat in propozitie aceasta forma se
numeste fie gerunziu fie participiu prezent.
Substantiv
Reading is for everybody - Cititul e pentru toata
lumea
Adjectiv
I am part of a reading club - Fac parte dintr-un
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club de citit
Verb
I enjoy reading - Imi place sa citesc
I found him reading - L-am gasit citind
346. Folosirea terminatiei ING pentru formarea
substantivelor
Take your belongings! - Ia-ti lucrurile!
Skiing is dangerous - Schiatul e periculos
Catching trout is hard. - Prinderea de pastravi e
grea.
347. Folosirea terminatiei ING pentru formarea
adjectivelor
The fishing boat needs repairs - Barca de pescuit
necesita reparatii. -
The tanning salon is closed - Salonul de brozat e
inchis
The cleaning solution is toxic. - Solutia de curatat e
toxica
348. Folosirea terminatiei ING pentru formarea
verbelor
I like painting - Imi place sa pictez
I imagine him studying all day - Mi-l imaginez
invatand toata ziua
I saw your parrot flying in my garden - L-am vazut
pe papagalul tau zburand la mine in gradina
349. De multe ori aceste propozitii ce contin forma
ING se pot reformula, daca dorim.
Daca insa suntem siguri de formulare, ele nu
trebuie evitate
Do you mind my smoking devine Do you mind if I
smoke?
The cleaning solution is toxic. - The solution used
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for cleaning is toxic
I like painting - I like to paint
350. Forma cu ING se poate folosi si in locul
expresiilor de forma substantiv care verb care se
transforma in adjectiv verb
fata care canta - the girl that sings
the ball that bounces - mingea care sare
the man that sleeps - barbatul care doarme
devin
the singing girl
the bouncing bal
the sleeping man
Sleeping beauty - Frumoasa adormita
Jumping bean - fasole sariroare (o varietate de
fasole)
351. Spre deosebire de alte adjective, aceste
adjective cu ing pot fi puse dupa substantiv.
Ele se scriu cu cratima.
Insa sensul expresiei se schimba:
eatimg man - barbat care mananca
man-eating - care mananca barbati (oameni)
hunting fox - vupe care vaneaza
fox hunting - vanatoare de vulpi
fishing boat - barca de pescuit
boat-fishing - care pescuieste barci
diving sky - cer care plonjeza
sky-diving - care plonjeaza din cer
352. Exista si adjective compuse in care primul
cuvant e un substantiv si al doilea un adjectiv
format cu ing.
Impreuna insa ele formeaza un nou adjectiv.
47
jaw-dropping performance - prestatie
extraordinara
jaw-dropping - care cade falca
mind-boggling idea - idee uluioare
mind-boggling - care zapaceste mintea
eye-popping stunt - cascadorie fantastica
eye-popping - care scoate ochii
353. Asa cum am vazut subjonctivul englez e folosit
mult mai rar ca in romana.
In engl el are numai rolul de a exprima dorinte,
cereri pe cand in romana orice verb are subjonctiv.
In multe cazuri subjonctivul romanesc in englezeste
se traduce printr-un verb cu forma cu ing
Before eating some people pray. - Inainte sa
manance unii oameni se roaga
Instead of crying over spilt milk buy some more
milk. - In loc sa plangi dupa laptele varsat, mai
cumpara lapte
They began working - Ei au inceput sa lucreze
I like starting new things - Imi place sa incep
lucruri noi
I think seeing a movie is the best idea. - Cred ca sa
vedem un film e cea mai buna idee.
354. Ca si in romana (unde totusi in ziua de azi nu
e uzual) subjonctivul (forma cu ing in engleza)
poate fi inlocuit cu infinitivul
Aceasta formulare in engleza e mult folosita, in
continuare.
Unele verbe primesc aceasta inlocuire altele nu.
Uhele nu accepta forma ci ing, si in schimb accepta
infinitivul
Totul depinde de predicatul propozitiei.
Romaneste
Vreau sa pictez - Vreau a picta
Englezeste
Cazuri cand se foloseste numai infinitivul
I want to sing - Vreau sa cant
He decided to come - Ahotarat sa vina
Cazuri cand se foloseste numai forma cu ing
He mentioned seeing the movie - A mentionat ca a
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vazut filmul
Cazuri cand se foloseste oricare forma
I started to belive/believing him - Am inceput sa il
cred
I tried to finish/finishing this - Am incercat sa
termin aceasta
355. Verbe care sunt folosite numai cu infinitivul:
afford, agree, aim, appear, arrange, ask, attempt,
care, choose, claim, consent, dare, decide, decline,
demand, desire, determine, endeavour, expect, fail,
fight, grow, guarantee, happen, hasten, help,
hesitate, hope, learn, long, manage, neglect, offer,
plan, pledge, prepare, pretend, proceed, promise,
prove, reckon, refuse, resolve, scorn, seek, seem,
strive, struggle, swear, tend, threaten, trouble,
undertake, venture, volunteer, vote, vow, wait, wish,
would like
356. Verbe care sunt folosite numai cu forma cu
ING:
admit, adore, anticipate, appreciate, avoid,
celebrate, consider, contemplate, defend, defer,
delay, deny, detest, describe, discuss, dislike,
endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, explain, face, fancy,
feel like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, involve,
keep, lie, loathe, mention, mind, miss, pardon,
postpone, practise, prevent, quit, recall, recollect,
report, resent, resist, risk, save, suggest, tolerate,
understand can’t help, can’t resist, can’t stand, it’s
no use, there is no point/ sense in, it’s worth
357. Lista de verbe dupa care poate veni un verb si
la infinitiv si la forma cu ING:
advise, allow, attempt, begin, bother, cease, come,
continue, deserve, dread, fear, forbid, forget, go on,
hate, hear, intend, like, love, mean, need, permit,
prefer, propose, recommend, regret, remember,
require, see, start, stop, try, want, be afraid (of/to),
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be ashamed (of/to), be sorry(for/to), can't bear,
can't stand, care (for/to)
358. Desi aceste verbe permit ambele forme sensul
celor doua forme cateodata difera.
He forgot to learn - A uitat sa invete
He forgot learning - A uitat ca a invatat
He remembered to pay - A tinut minte sa plateasca
He remembered paying - Si-a amintit ca a platit
She stopped to talk - S-a oprit sa vorbeasca
She stopped talking - S-a oprit din vorbit
I like to ski - Im place sa schiez
I like skiing - Imi place schiatul
359. Aceste reguli se refera la verbe care vin dupa
alte verbe. Un verb singur poate fi totdeauna la
infinitiv sau la forma cu ING.
To err is human, to forgive is divine. - Erring is
human forgiving is divine
adica
A gresi e omeneste, a ierta e dumnezeieste - Sa
gresim e omeneste sa iertam e dumnezeieste.
Fiindca sunt doua propozitii ele nu se influenteaza
una pe alta. Daca ziceam:
To forgive erring people is divine - A ierta oameni
care gresesc e divin, atunci to err trebuia pus la
gerunziu fiindca to forgive cerea acest lucru.
Observatii:
1. Proverbul este: To err is human, to forgive
divine.
2. Azi se zice to make a mistake nu to err
360. Forma cu ING se foloseste dupa anumite
prepozitii:
After writing the letter I mailed it. - Dupa ce am
scris scrisoarea am expediat-o
On hearing this she started to laugh - Auzind
aceasta ea a inceput sa rada
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361. Lista de prepozitii care cer forma cu ING
atunci cand se foloseste un verb dupa ele
against, at, after, by, on, instead of , talk about,
tired of, without
We are against bombing other countries - Suntem
impotriva bombardarii altor tari
At seeing this, he cried - Vazand aceasta, el a plans
Afterfinishing the paper I went to bed - Dupa ce am
terminat lucrarea m-am dus la culcare
By passing this round I am now qualified for the
final - Trecand d aceasta runda, m-am calificat
pentru finale.
On meeting the president he was speechless - La
intalnirea cu presedintele el a ramas fara cuvinte
lui de
Instead of going to the circus, let's go to the zoo.- In
loc sa mergem la circ hai sa mergem la zoo.
Let's talk about catching rhinos - Hai sa vorbim
despre prinderea de rinoceri
I am tired of hearing about this. - M-am saturat sa
aud de asta
He left without saying a word - A plecat fara sa
zica un cuvant
362. Cateva exemple de propozitii care in
romaneste se traduc cu ca, dar care in engleza
folosesc tot forma cu ING:
I remember seeing him - Imi amintesc ca l-am vazut
I admit telling her - Recunosc ca i-am spus
I swear telling the truth - Jur ca am spus adevarul
cu traduceri exacte
I remember that I saw him
I admit that I told her
I swear that I told the truth
363. Participiul trecut al verbului to break e
broken (a treia forma din lista de verbe
neregulate).
Ca si in romana participiul trecut al unei actiuni
poate deveni adjectiv care sugereaza o insusire
dobandita in trecut.
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Breaking news - Stiri foarte noi (care sparg) -
foloseste participiul prezent
breaking
insa
Broken arm - Mana rupta (sparta) - foloseste
participiul trecut broken
364. Exemple de adjective provenite din participiul
trecut
melted ice - gheata care s-a topit
melting ice - gheata care se topeste
sunken treasure - comoara ingropata
forgotten facts - fapte uitate
colored eggs - oua vopsite
fattened calf - vitelul ingrasat
burnt bread - paine arsa
heated cofee - cafea incalzita
365. Participiul Trecut poate fi folosit si fara sa fie
adjectiv.
Pentru noi ca romani e mai directa si de preferat
aceasta constructie, pentru cei ce nu sunt avansati.
A building, damaged by the earthquake, was torn
down.- O cladire, avariata de cutremur, a fost
demolata
mai englezeste ar fi fost
An earthquake damaged building was torn down
A man, hit by a ball, started yelling - Un barbat,
lovit de o minge, a inceput sa strige.
366. Participiul Perfect reprezinta o actiune
terminata care duce la o alta actiune.
Se formeaza din having si participiul trecut al
verbului.
Having finished the project she went for a walk. -
Terminand(Deoarece terminase) proiectul, ea s-a
dus sa se plimbe.
Having spent all his money, the student called
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home. - Deoarece isi cheltuise toti banii, studentul
a sunat acasa.
367. Imperativul in limba engleza
Acest timp se foloseste in comenzi, sugestii,
instructiuni, invitatii.
Daca nu e insotitt de Please - te rog ca si in
romana de multe ori e nepoliicos
Subiectul imperativului e subinteles, si se foloseste
rar.
Cand persoana e specificata prin nume, acesta se
pune sau la inceputul sau (de preferinta) la sfarsitul
propozitiei.
Nepoliticos:
Shut up! Taci din gura!
Get out! - Iesi afara!
Politicos!
Please be quiet!
Please, leave! - Te rog pleaca!
Se zice:
Come on! - Haide!
Andrew! Come on! - Andrew!Hide!
Come on, Andrew! - Haide, Andrew
368. Cazurile de imperativ din engleza sunt
asemenea limbii romane, anume se foloseste
persoana a 2a la toate verbele in afara lui to be
In cazul verbului to be - a fi la imperativ< se
pastreaza forma de infinitiv.
Andrew merge. - Andrew walks. (pers.a 3a)
Andrew, mergi! - Andrew walk!(pers.a 2a)
dar
Andrew este atent. - Andrew is careful.
Andrew fii atent! - Andrew be careful!
Observatie:
Be careful! inseamna Fii atent la ce faci. Fii atent!
la lectie se zice Pay attention!
50
369. Alta construcitie a imperativului des intalnita,
este folosind verbul to let - a lasa
Pentru orice verb care accepta o asemenea
constructie Let'ssau Let us inseamna Hai sa
Open the door and let me come in! - Deschide usa si
lasa-ma sa intru!
Let me in! - lasa-ma sa intru!
Let me go! - Da-mi drumul!
Let us pray - Sa ne rugam
Let's play! - Hai sa ne jucam
Let's eat! - Hai sa mancam
Let's dance! - Hai sa dansam!
Ok, let's! - Bine, hai!
370. Cateodata se pune Do in fata infinitivului
pentru a il face mai politicos.
Cand punem Do nu mai punem Please - Te rog
Do nu se foloseste decat in contexte deja
politicoase.
Daca se spune cuiva: Sweep the floor! atunci e mai
bine sa se foloseasca Please! - Please, sweep the
floor!
Do, come in! - Intrati!
Do, be quiet - Te rog liniste!
Do, sit down - Te rog, ia loc!
Do, come see me!- Te rog, mai treci pe la mine!
371. Alte exemple de imperativ:
Take the first turn right. - Ia-o pe prima la dreapta.
Hurry up!- Grabeste-te!
Watch out! - Pazea!
Watch it! - Vezi cum vorbesti!
Have a good time! - Distractie placuta!
Have fun! - Distractie placuta
Sleep well! - Dormi bine (Somn usor)
Brace yourself - Imbarbateaza-te!
Get a grip - Aduna-te!
Hang in there! - Rezista!
50
 51

372. Negativul verbului to be la present tense se 376. Atunci cand folosim Past Tense care nu e un
formeaza astfel: timp compus si deci negatia contine do, do se pune
la trecut nu verbul.
I am not - Nu sunt Deasemenea do la prezent devine does la persoana a
You are not - Nu esti 3a singular
He is not - El nu e
She is not - Ea nu e! I did not wash my hands - Nu m-am spalat pe maini.
We are not - Nu suntem He does not know me - Nu ma cunoaste
You are not - Nu sunteti We did not see him there - Nu l-am vazut acolo.
They are not - Nu sunt

377. Do not se contracta in don't. Did not in didn't

373. Negativul verbului to be la past tense se
formeaza astfel: I do not smoke - Nu fumez
She does not teach anymore - Ea nu mai preda
I was not - Nu eram We do not do that - Nu facem asta
You were not - Nu erai devin
He was not - El nu era I don't smoke
She was not - Ea nu era She doesn't teach anymore
We were not - Nu eram We don't do that
You were not - Nu erati
They were not - Nu erau

378. Present Tense - Forma negativa si contractia

374. Negativul unui verb care nu e la un timp
compus Acesta se formeaza cu ajutorul verbului
auxiliar to do:
Nu lucrez noaptea - I do not work at night
Nu stiu unde e - I do not know where it is
Nu m-a intrebat pe mine - He did not ask me.
verbului to wash - a spala.
I do not wash - I don't wash
You do not wash - You don't wash
He does not wash - He doesn't wash
She do not wash - She doesn't wash
We do not wash - We don't wash
You do not wash - You don't wash
They do not wash - They don't wash

375. Daca timpul este compus se foloseste numai

not
Nu lucrez acum - I am not working now
I will not work tommorow - Nu voi lucra maine
I haven't been working for weeks - Nu am nai lucrat
de saptamani.
I have not been to Australia - Nu am fost in
Australia
379. Present Continuous - Forma negativa si
contractia verbului to wash - a spala.
I am not washing - I'm not washing
You are not washing - You're not washing
He is not washing - He's not washing
She's not washing - She's not washing
We are not washing - We're not washing
You are not washing - You aren't washing
They are not washing - They aren't washing

51

380. Past Tense - Forma negativa si contractia
verbului to wash - a spala.
I did not wash - I didn't wash
You did not wash - You didn't wash
He did not wash - He didn't wash
She did not wash - She didn't wash
We did not wash - We didn't wash
You did not wash - You didn't wash
They did not wash - They didn't wash
381. Present Perfect - Forma negativa si
contractia verbului to wash - a spala.
I have not washed - I haven't washed
You have not washed - You haven't washed
He has not washed - He hasn't washed
She has not washed - She hasn't washed
We have not washed - We haven't washed
You have not washed - You haven't washed
They have not washed - They haven't washed
382. Past Continuous - Forma negativa si
contractia verbului to wash - a spala.
I was not washing - I wasn't washing
You were not washing - You weren't washing
He was not washing - Hewasn't washing
She was not washing - Shewasn't washing
We were not washing - We weren't washing
You were not washing - You weren't washing
They were not washing - They weren't washing
383. Past Perfect - Forma negativa si contractia
verbului to wash - a spala.
I hadnot washed - I hadn't washed
You hadnot washed - You hadn't washed
He hadnot washed - He hadn't washed
She hadnot washed - She hadn't washed
52
We hadnot washed - We hadn't washed
You hadnot washed - You hadn't washed
They hadnot washed - They hadn't washed
384. Future Tense - Forma negativa si contractia
verbului to wash - a spala.
I will not wash - I won't wash
You will not wash - You won't wash
He will not wash - He won't wash
She will not wash - She won't wash
We will not wash - We won't wash
You willnot wash - You won't wash
They willnot wash - They won't wash
385. Future Continuous - Forma negativa si
contractia verbului to wash - a spala.
I will not be washing - I won't be washing
You will not be washing - You won't be washing
He will not be washing - He won't be washing
She will not be washing - She won't be washing
We will not be washing - We won't be washing
You willnot be washing - You won't be washing
They willnot be washing - They won't be washing
386. Future Perfect - Forma negativa si contractia
verbului to wash - a spala.
I will not have washed - I won't have washed
You will not have washed - You won't have washed
He will not have washed - He won't have washed
She will not have washed - She won't have washed
We will not have washed - We won't have washed
You will not have washed - You won't have washed
They will not have washed - They won't have
washed
387. Present Perfect Continuous - Forma
negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.
52

I have not been washing - I've not been washing
You have not been washing - You haven't been
washing
He has not been washing - He hasn't been washing
She has not been washing - She hasn't been
washing
We have not have washing - We haven't been
washing
You have not been washing - You haven't been
washing
They have not been washing - They havn't been
washing
388. Diateza Pasiva - Present Tense - Forma
negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.
I am not washed - I'm not washed
You are not washed - You're not washed
He is not washed - He's not washed
She is not washed - She's not washed
We are not washed - We're not washed
You are not washed - You're not washed
They are not washed - They're not washed
389. Diateza Pasiva - Present Continuous -
Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a
spala.
I am not being washed - I'm not being washed
You are not being washed - You're not being
washed
He is not being washed - He's not being washed
She is not being washed - She's not being washed
We are not being washed - We're not being washed
You are not being washed - You're not being
washed
They are not being washed - They're not being
washed
390. Diateza Pasiva - Past Tense - Forma
negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.
53
I was not washed - I wasn't washed
You were not washed - You weren't washed
He was not washed - He wasn't washed
She was not washed - She wasn't washed
We were not washed - We weren't washed
You were not washed - You weren't washed
They were not washed - They were'nt washed
391. Diateza Pasiva - Present Perfect - Forma
negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.
I have not been washed - I've not been washed
You have not been washed - You haven't been
washed
He has not been washed - He hasn't been washed
She has not been washed - She hasn't been washed
We have not have washed - We haven't been
washed
You have not been washed - You haven't been
washed
They have not been washed - They havn't been
washed
392. Diateza Pasiva - Past Continuous - Forma
negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.
I was not being washed - I wasn't being washed
You were not being washed - You weren't being
washed
He was not being washed - He wasn't being washed
She was not being washed - She wasn't being
washed
We were not being washed - We weren't being
washed
You were not being washed - You weren't being
washed
They were not being washed - They were'nt being
washed
393. Diateza Pasiva - Past Perfect - Forma
negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.
53

I had not been washed - I hadn't been washed
You had not been washed - You hadn't been
washed
He had not been washed - He hadn't been washed
She had not been washed - She hadn't been washed
We had not have washed - We hadn't been washed
You had not been washed - You hadn't been
washed
They had not been washed - They hadn't been
washed
394. Diateza Pasiva - Future Tense - Forma
negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.
I will not be washed - I won't be washed
You will not be washed - You won't be washed
He will not be washed - He won't be washed
She will not be washed - She won't be washed
We will not be washed - We won't be washed
You will not be washed - You won't be washed
They will not be washed - They won't be washed
395. Diateza Pasiva - Future Continuous - Forma
negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.
Acest timp e prea complicat. Nu se foloseste
396. Diateza Pasiva - Future Perfect - Forma
negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.
I will not have been washed - I won't have been
washed
You will not have been washed - You won't have
been washed
He will not have been washed - He won't have been
washed
She will not have been washed - She won't have
been washed
We will not have been washed - We won't have
been washed
You will not have been washed - You won't have
been washed
54
They will not have been washed - They won't have
been washed
397. Diateza Pasiva - Perfect Continuous Tenses-
Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a
spala.
Present Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous
Future Perfect Continuous
Aceste timpuri devin foarte complicate la diateza
pasiva, asa ca nu se folosesc.
398. Conditionalul - Forma negativa si contractia
verbului to wash - a spala.
Formele de conditional would si should provin de la
forma de viitor will asa ca negativul in aceste cazuri
se formeaza la fel ca pentru will
I would not tell him if I were you.
I wouldn't tell him if I were you
Nu i-as spune sa fiu in locul tau
They should not buy a new car
They shouldn't buy a new car
Nu e nevoie sa-si cumpere o masina noua
399. Forma interogativa a verbului to be
Se formeaza prin inversarea verbului cu subiectul,
ca si in romaneste.
I am happy - Eu sunt fericit(a)
Am I happy? - Sunt eu fericita?
Are you a teacher> - Esti profesor?
Is he your friend? - Este el prietenul tau?
Are they late for work? - Au intarziat ei la serviciu>
Are you Swedish? - Esti suedez?
Am I right? - Am dreptate?
Were you tired? - Ai fost obosit?
54

400. Spre deosebire de romana, in engleza se poate
zice Am I? sau chiar I am?.
Dar cele doua au intelesuri diferite.
I am? exprima mirare si bucurie.
Am I? exprima indoiala.
De exemplu:
You are in the top ten. - Esti intre primii zece.
I am? - Da?
You are not in the top ten. - Nu esti intre primii
zece.
Oh, I'm not? - O, nu?
You are so happy! - Esti asa de fericit!
Am I? - Zau?
You are not smart! - Nu esti destept!
I'm not, am I? - Nu sunt, nu? (ironic)
401. Raspunsul la o intrebare de genul Are you
happy> poate fi
Yes - Da
Yes, I am - Da, sunt
No - Nu
No, I am not - Nu, nu sunt
Are you a farmer? - No.
You are not a farmer? - No, I am not.
Are you?
Yes!
Esti fermier? - Nu.
Nu esti fermier> - Nu, nu sunt.
Tu esti? Da!
402. Interogativul in cazul timpurilor necompuse
(Present Tense si Past Tense) Atunci cand
propozitia contine alt verb decat to be (si nu contine
un verb modal) iar verbul nu e la o forma compusa,
interogativul se formeaza cu ajutorul verbului
auxiliar to do NU se face inversarea verbului cu
subiectul ca in cazul lui to be.
You work at night - Lucrezi noaptea.
55
You drive - Conduci.
I know you - Te cunosc
They all live in a yellow submarine - Ei locuiesc toti
intr-un submarin galben.
Lucrezi noaptea? - Do you work at night?
Do you drive? - Conduci?
Do I know you? - Te cunosc?
Do they all live in a yellow submarine?- Locuiesc ei
toti intr-un submarin galben?
403. Aunci cand in intrebari se cere folosirea
verbului to do acesta preia persoana si timpul
verbului de baza.
Astfel persoana a treia a verbului pierde litera s si la
orice persoana verbul ramane la infinitiv.
He plays cards - El joaca carti
She rides horses - Ea calareste cai.
My green parrot flies well - Papagalul meu verde
zboara bine.
You did my homework - Ti-ai facut temele.
Does he play cards? - El joaca carti?
Does she ride horses? - Ea calareste?
Does your green parrot fly well? - Zboara bine
papagalul tau verde?
Did you play cards? - Tu ai jucat carti?
Did she play cards? - Ea a jucat carti?
Did they ride horses - Au calarit ei cai? Did your
geen parrot fly well? - Zbura bine papagalul tau
verde?
Did you do your homework - Ti-ai facut temele?
404. La interogatii daca timpul este compus do nu
se foloseste dar se schimba ordinea pronumelui cu
primul auxiliar.
You had eaten enough. - Mancasei destul.
She has always come home for Christmas.-
Totdeauna a venit acasa de Craciun.
You have been jogging lately - Ai facut jogging in
ultimul timp.
We will overcome - Vom invinge.
55

. The cowboy is riding in the moonlight. -
Cowboyul calareste in lumina lunii.
Had you eaten enough? - Mancasei destul?
Has she always come home for Christmas? - A
venit ea totdeauna acasa de Craciun?
Have you been jogging lately? - Ai facut jogging in
ultimul timp?
Will we overcome? - Vom invinge?
Is he riging in the moonlight? - Calareste cowboyul
la lumina lunii?
405. Propozitii interogative fara inversare You
work tonight - Lucrezi diseara
Do you work tonight - Lucrezi diseara?
Se poate spune si
You are working tonight? (deci fara inversare, dar
nu este propriu-zis o intrebare, exprima mirarea
(You work tonight !?!)
I like to eat grapefruit. - Imi place sa mananc grep.
Do you like to eat grapefruit? - Iti place sa mananci
grep?
You like to eat grapefruit?!? - Iti place sa mananci
grep?!?
He has gone to hunt lions.- S-a dus sa vaneze lei.
Has he gone to hunt lions? - S-a dus sa vaneze lei?
He has gone to hunt lions?- S-a dus sa vaneze lei?!?
406. Exemplu: Forma interogativa a verbului to
be si to watch la Present Tense
I am happy - Eu sunt fericit
I watch a movie every night - Ma uit la un film in
fiare seara.
Are you happy? - Tu esti fericit?
Is he happy? - E el fericit?
Do you watch a movie every night? - Te uiti la un
film in fiecare seara?
Does he watch a movie every night? - Se uita el la
un film in fiecare seara?
56
407. Exemplu: Forma interogativa a verbului to
watch la Present Continuous
I am watch a movie. - Ma uit la un film.
Are you watching a movie? - Te uiti la un film?
Is she watching a movie? - Ea se uita la un film?
Are they watching a movie? - Ei se uita la un film?
408. Exemplu: Forma interogativa a verbului to
be si to watch la Past Tense
I was happy - Eu eram fericit
I watched a movie - M-am uitat la un film.
Was I happy - Eram fericit
Were you happy? - Erai fericit
Was she happy? - Era fricita?
Did you watch a movie? - Te-ai uitat la un film?
Did they watch a movie - S-au uitat ei la film?
409. Exemplu: Forma interogativa a verbului to
be si to watch la Present Perfect
I have been happy in the past - Eu eram fericit
I have watched a movie - M-am uitat la un film.
Have I been happy in the past? - Am fost eu fericit
in trecut?
Has he been happy in the past? - A fost el fericit in
trecut?
Have they been happy in the past? - Au fost ei
fericiti in trecut?
Have you watched a movie? - Te-ai uitat la un film?
Has she watched a movie? - S-a uitat ea la un film?
410. Exemplu: Forma interogativa a verbului to
watch la Past Continuous
56

I was watching a movie when the lights went off -
Ma uitam la un film cand s-au stins luminile.
Were you watching a movie, when the lights went
off? - Te uitai la un film cand s-au stins luminile.
Was he watching a movie, when the lights went off?
- Se uita el la un film cand s-au stins luminile?.
Were they watching a movie, when the lights went
off? - Se uitaU ei la un film cand s-au stins
luminile?
411. Exemplu: Forma interogativa a verbului to
be si to watch la Past Perfect
I had been happy until then - Pana atunci fusesem
fericit(a).
I had watched a movie already - Ma uitasem deja la
un film.
Had you been happy untill then? - Pana atunci
fusesei fericit?
Had we been happy untill then? - Pana atunci
fusesem noi fericit?
Had you watched a movie already? - Te uitasei tu
deja la un film?
Had they watched a movie already? - Se uitasera ei
deja la un film?
412. Exemplu: Forma interogativa a verbelor to
watch si to be la Future Tense
Someday, I will be happy - Intr-o zi voi fi fericit(a).
I will watch a movie - Ma voi uita la un film.
Someday, will I be happy? - Voi fi fericit(a) intr-o
zi?
Someday, will they be happy - Voi fi ei(ele)
fericiti(e) intr-o zi?
Will I watch a movie? - Ma voi uita eu la un film?
(vezi verbe modale)
Will they watch a movie? - Se vor uita ei la un film?
(vezi verbe modale)
57
413. Exemplu: Forma interogativa a verbului to
watch la Future Continuous
I will be watching a movie at that time - Ma voi uita
la un film, la acea ora.
Will you be watching a movie at that time? - Te vei
uita la un film la acea ora?
Will we be watching a movie at that time? - Ne vom
uita la un film la acea ora?
414. Forma interogativa a verbelor to watch si to
be la Future Perfect
I will have been happy - Voi fi fost fericit(a).
When this movie is over I will have watched 3
movies - Cand se termina acest film ma voi fi uitat
la 3 filme.
Will you have been happy> - Vei fi fost tu fericit?
When this movie is over will you have watched 3
movies ?- Cand se termina acest film te vei fi uitat
la 3 filme?
415. Exemplu: Forma interogativa a verbului to
watch la Present Perfect Continuous
I have been watching a movie all afternoon - M-am
uitat la un film toata dupa amiaza.
Have you been watching a movie all afternoon? -
Te-ai uitat la un film toata dupa amiaza?
Has she been watching a movie all afternoon? - S-a
uitat ea la un film toata dupa amiaza?
416. Exemplu: Forma interogativa a verbului to
watch la Past Perfect Continuous
I had been watching a movie all afternoon before
you came over.- Ma uitasem la un film toata dupa
amiaza inainte sa vii tu.
Had you been watching a movie all afternoon
before I came over? - Te uitasei la un film toata
dupa amiaza inainte sa vin eu? Had he been
57

watching a movie all afternoon before I came over?
- Se uitase la un film toata dupa amiaza inainte sa
vin eu?
417. Exemplu: Forma interogativa a verbului to
watch la Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been watching a movie all afternoon by
the time it is 5 o'clock.- Ma voi fi uitat la un film
toata dupa amiaza pana sa se faca ora 5.
Will you have been watching a movie all afternoon
by the time it is 5 o'clock?- Te vei fi uitat la un film
toata dupa amiaza pana sa se faca ora 5?
418. Formarea unui interogativ dintr-o
propozitie negativa
Are + pronume + not se contracta intotdeauna in
aren't + pronume
Is + pronume + not se contracta intotdeauna in isn't
+ pronume
Do + pronume + not se contracta intotdeauna in
don't + pronume
Will + pronume + not se contracta intotdeauna in
won't
Have + pronume + not se contracta intotdeauna in
haven't
Was + pronume + not se contracta intotdeauna in
wasn't + pronume
Were + pronume + not se contracta intotdeauna in
weren't + pronume
Did + pronume + not se contracta intotdeauna in
didn't + pronume
Had + pronume + not se contracta intotdeauna in
hadn't + pronume
Would + pronume + not se contracta intotdeauna in
wouldn't + pronume
Should + pronume + not se contracta intotdeauna in
shouldn't + pronume
Puteti sa procedati astfel:
Luati interogativul pozitiv si inlocuiti dupa caz,
auxiliarul inversat cu una din contractiile de mai
58
sus.
Altfel porniti de la negatie si faceti inversiunea.
You are 20 - Ai 20 de ani.
You are not 20 - Nu ai 20 de ani.
Are you 20? - Ai 20 de ani?
Aren't you 20? - N-ai 20 de ani?
You saw him - L-ai vazut.
You did not see him - Nu l-ai vazut.
Did you see him? - L-ai vazut?
Didn't you see him? - Nu l-ai vazut?
419. Formarea unui interogativ dintr-o
propozitie negativa in cazul verbului to be.
In cazul verbului to be, interogativul negativ se face
tot prin inversarea subiectului cu primul dintre
verbele auxiliare.
Am I not - NU se contracta.
Am I going to Paris? - Merg la Paris?
Are you hungry? - Ti-e foame?
Aren't you hungry? - Nu ti-e foame?
Were you hungry? - Ti-era foame?
Weren't you hungry? - Nu ti-era foame?
Have you been hungry? - Ti-a fost foame?
Haven't you been hungry? - Nu ti-a fost foame?
Was I quick? - Am fost iute?
Wasn't I quick? - N-am fost iute?
Will he be there? - Va fi acolo?
Won't he be there? - Nu va fi acolo?
420. Formarea unui interogativ dintr-o
propozitie negativa in cazul altui verb decat to
be.
58
 59

Do you like cheese? - Iti place branza? Te-ai distrat - Da.

Don't you like cheese - Nu iti place branza?
Will he paint your portrait? - Iti va picta portretul?
Won't he paint your portrait? - Nu iti va picta
portretul?
Do you like ships? - No, I get seasick.
Iti plac vapoarele? - Nu, am rau de mare.
Have I offended him? - Yes, you have.
L-am jignit? Da.

Have you planted your garden? - Ti-ai plantat
gradina?
Haven't you planted your garden? - Nu ti-ai plantat
gradina?
Have you been talking on the phone? - Ai vorbit la
telefon? Haven't you been talking on the phone?
Had you known about this? - No, I hadn't
Stiai asta? - Nu, nu stiam
Will you be telling the teacher? - No I won't
Ii vei spune profesoarei? - Nu.

421. Formularea raspunsului DA/NU la 422. Formularea raspunsului DA/NU la

intrebarile fara negatie. intrebarile cu negatie.
Se face in functie de formularea intrebarii.
La intrebari formulate cu verbul to be, se raspunde Ca si in romaneste, la aceste intrebari este cateodata
tot prin verbul to be. greu de raspuns clar.
La intrebari formulate cu auxliarul to do, se Noi zicem Ba da.
raspunde tot prin to do. Ei nu au ceva echivalent.
La intrebari formulate cu auxliarul to have, se Se poate zice: Of course! - Sigur!
raspunde tot to have. sau se poate repeta toata propozitia, accentuand,
La intrebari formulate cu auxliarul will, se raspunde pentru emfaza (in cazul ca raspunsul e da),
tot cu will. auxiliarul.
Daca mai multe din aceste auxiliare apar intr-o
intrebare, se raspunde cu auxiliarul inversat. (Cel Don't you play the piano? - Nu canti la pian? Yes, I
din fata subiectului). DO play the piano.
No, I do not play the piano.
Do you play the trombone? - Canti la trombon?
Da - yes
Da cant - Yes I do (si nu yes I play)
Da cant la trombon - Yes I do play the trombone 423. Alte raspunsuri la intrebari
Nu - No
Nu, nu cant - No I don't Of course - Sigur.
No I don't play the trombone A little - Putin
A lot - Mult
Are you Romanian? - Yes, I am Sort of - Intr-un fel
Esti roman(ca) - Da, sunt. Not really - Nu prea
Maybe - Poate
Am I smart? - Yes, you are
Sunt destept/desteapta? - Da esti.
424. Exista ca si romaneste cuvinte specifice pentru
Are we late? - No, we are not
intrebari pentru care regulile de formare a
Am intarziat? - Nu, nu am intarziat
interogatiei se schimba
Acest lucru e adevarat numai daca aceste cuvinte
Did you have a good time? - Yes I did
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formeaza subiectul propozitiei.
In acest caz aceste cuvine reprezinta interogatia si
nu e nevoie de alt mod de formare a interogatiei.
Who - Cine
What - Ce
Where - Unde
When - Cand
How - Cum
How - Cat
Which - Care
425. Who - Cine
Who are you? - Cine esti?
Who won the race? - Cine a castigat cursa?
(Raspuns: X won the race - deci who e subiectul)
Who do you think won? - Tu cine crezi ca a
castigat? Aici do you think e intercalat in propozitia
Who won?
426. What - Ce
What is this? - Ce e asta?
What is your name - Cum te cheama?(Ce nume ai?)
What happened? - Ce s-a intamplat?
What did you say? (aici subiectul e you - Ce ai spus
(tu)?
What time do they open? - La ce ora deschid? (aici
subiectul e they - Cine deschid - ei)?
What is the king like? - Cum este regele (Ca ce este
regele)?
What do you think? - Ce crezi?
What...like? - Cum...este?
What was it like - Cum a fost?
What is the weather like in Katmandu? - Cum e
vremea in Katmandu?
427. Where - Unde
Where do you live? - Unde locuiesti?
Where is it? - Unde este asta?
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Where is Djibouti? - Unde e Djibouti?
Where are you going? - Unde te duci?
Where did you go on vacation? - Unde ai fost in
vacanta?
428. When - Cand
When was that? - Cand a fost asta?
When was World Wae 2? - Cand a fost Al Doilea
Razboi Mondial?
When will they be here? - Cand sosesc?
When will the universe die out? - Cand va muri
universul?
429. How - Cum
How are you? - Ce mai faci?
How is granny? - Ce mai face (Cum e) bunica?
How about that? - Ce zici de asta?
How did you do that? Cum ai facut?
How do you get there? - Cum ai ajuns acolo?
How do I look? - Cum arat?
430. How - Cat
How much is it? - Cat costa?
How often do you go to the movies? Cat de des
mergi la film?
How hot is it? - Cat de cald e?
How cold is it? - Cat e de frig (de rece)?
How long is it? - Cat de lung e?
How short is it? - Cat e de scurt?
How big is it? - Cat e de mare?
How small is it? - Cat e de mic?
How far away is it? - Cat e de departe?
How close is it? - Cat e de aproape?
How old is he? - Cati ani are?
How fat is he? - Cat e de gras?
How thin is he? - Cat e de slab?
How tall is he? - Cat e de inalt?
How short is he? - Cat e de scund?
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431. Observatie:
Daca vroiam sa zicem: Cat e de gras! nu mai era
intrebare, si ziceam How tall he is!
How fat he is! - Cat e de gras!
How thin he is! - Cat e de slab!
How tall he is! - Cat e de inalt!
How short he is! - Cat e de scund!
432. Which - Care
Which one is better? - Care e mai bun?
Which should I choose? - Pe care sa il aleg?
Which is yours? - Care e al tau?
433. Exista in limba engleza verbe care se numesc
Verbe Modale
Problema pentru necunoscatori e ca aceste verbe
exprima toate nuante ale verbului a putea si fara
practica e greu de stiut care trebuie folosit, in
functie de ce vrei sa exprimi. Have to fara sa fie
verb modal este de multe ori folosit in lolui must.
can - a putea
could - a fi in stare
may - a avea voie
might - exprima o posibilitate
will - exprima vointa
would - exprima o dorinta de a realiza ceva
must - trebuie
shall - exprima o promisiune
should - ar trebui
ought to - ar trebui
434. Verbele Modale - Caracteristici
1. Nu accepta particula to la infinitiv.
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To can inseamna a face conserve.
Este altceva decat can - a putea.
435. Verbele Modale - Caracteristici
2. Nu au s la prezent persoana a treia:
I can draw - Eu pot, stiu sa desenez
You can talk, now - Ai voie (poti), acum sa vorbesti
He can hurt himself up there - Se poate rani acolo
sus.
She can sing like an angel - Ea poate sa cante ca un
inger
We can trust them - Putem avea incredere in ei.
You can go together - Puteti merge impreuna
Shhh, they can hear you. - Shhh, pot sa te auda.
436. Verbele Modale - Caracteristici
3. Nu au nu au participiu si nici forma cu ing si de
aceea au multe timpuri lipsa
La timpurile lipsa ele se inlocuiesc prin alte verbe
can se inlocuieste cu to be able to
may se inlocuieste cu to be allowed to
must se inlocuieste cu to have to
437. Verbele Modale - Caracteristici
4.La fel ca verbul to be verbele modale nu formeaza
interogativul folosind verbul to do ci prin inversarea
verbului cu subiectul.
You can help me - Poti sa ma ajuti
Can you help me? - Poti sa ma ajuti
He can hear me. - El poate sa ma auda?
Can he hear me? - Poate sa ma auda?
I can come - Pot sa vin (sa fiu acolo).
Can I come? - Pot sa vin?
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May I? - Imi dai voie?
Yes, you may - Da, te las.
I must take this medicine. - Trebuie sa iau acest
medicament.
Must I take this medicine? - Trebuie sa iau acest
medicament?
No, you don't have to. - Nu, nu trebuie.
Could you help me? - Ai putea sa ma ajuti?
438. Verbele Modale - Caracteristici
5.Ca si verbul to be ele nu formeaza negativul
folosind verbul to do.
Yes, I can help you - Da, pot sa te ajut.
No, I can not help you. - Nu, nu te pot ajuta
Yes, he can hear you.- Da, el te aude.
No, he can not hear you.- Nu, el nu te aude.
You must add the butter - Trebuie sa adaugi untul
You must not devine deobicei shouldn't
439. Verbele Modale - Caracteristici
6.Formele negative deobicei se contracta: can not -
can't
could not - couldn't
may not - nu se contracta si se foloseste ca raspus la
o intrebare cu may. E un raspuns taios, de aceea nu
se contracta.
might - might not - nu se contracta
will - won't
would - wouldn't
must - mustn't
shall - shan't (nu se foloseste)
should - shouldn't
ought to - oughtn't (nu se foloseste)
I can't hear you - Nu te aud
They couldn't come - Ei nu au putut sa vina
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No, you may not talk - Nu nu poti sa vorbesti.
He might not know the adress. - S-ar putea sa nu ste
adresa.
He won't tell the difference - Nu va (putea) vedea
diferenta
She wouldn't say that - Ea nu ar spune asa ceva.
You mustn't be late - Nu trebuie sa intarziati
They shouldn't upset him - Ar trebui sa nu il supere
440. Verbele Modale - Caracteristici
7.Sunt urmate de verbe la infinitiv fara to.
Chiar atunci cand inlocuite cu alt verbe s-ar pune to
(sau of)
We want to ride a horse. - Vrem sa calarim
We wish to ride a horse.. - Dorim sa calarim
We are trying to ride a horse. - Incercam sa calarim
We are able to ride a horse. - Suntem in stare sa
calarim
We dream of riding a horse. - Visam sa calarim
We think of riding a horse. - Ne gandim sa calarim
dar
We can ride a horse. - Putem sa calarim
We could ride a horse. - Am putea sa calarim
We may ride a horse. - Avem voie sa calarim
We might ride a horse. - Exita si posibilitatea sa
calarim
We would ride a horse. - Noi am calari
We must ride a horse. - Trebuie sa calarim
We shall ride a horse. - Promitem sa calarim
We should ride a horse. - Ar fi bine sa calarim
441. La prezent se foloseste
must/might/could/may/can't
It's nine, so their train must have left - E 9, deci
trenul trebuie sa fi plecat. (Arata ca suntem destul
de siguri de afirmatia noastra)
It's ten so they might come soon - E 10 deci ar putea
veni curand (poate)
It's eleven, they could be lost. - E 11, s-ar putea sa
se fi ratacit.(poate)
They may have missed the train. - Poate au pierdut
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trenul(poate).
They can't still be at home - Nu mai pot fi acasa
(suntem destul de siguri de acest lucru)
442. Folosim will respectiv won't cand suntem
foarte siguri de afirmatiile noastre.
Observati ca will aici nu are rol de auxiliar in Future
Tense.
They will be on the train by now. - Ei trebuie sa fie
in tren pana la ora asta
No, I won't tell you - Nu, nu iti spun
443. Should respectiv shouldn't se folosesc pentru
a face supozitii despre lucruri care dupa cate stim
noi asa ar trebui sa fie:
They should be here by now - Ar fi trebuit sa fie
aici la ora asta.
It shouldn't take long - N-ar trebui sa dureze mult
444. Pentru probabilitati se poate folosi can in cazul
a ceva posibil la modul general:
Train tickets can be expensive. - Biletele de tren pot
fi scumpe
445. Cand vorbim de posibilitati specifice folosim
could
They could be stuck in traffic (nu can be) - Ar putea
fi blocati in trafic
446. In schimb cand vorbim de trecut, could il
inlocuieste pe can.
They could have been stuck in traffic (nu could be
care este prezentul)- Ar fi putut fi blocati in trafic.
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447. Could – se transforma in could be pemtru o
posibilitate generala din trecut.
Altfel se foloseste could have been
Long ago, people could be happy even without
running water.- Demult, oamenii puteau fi fericiti si
fara apa curenta
He could have been lost in the woods when I called
him and he didn't answer - Putea sa se fii ratacit in
padure cand l-am strigat si nu mi-a raspuns.
448. Folosim will have, should have + participiul
trecut pentru probabilitati trecute.
They will have sold there products yesterday - Ei isi
vor fi vandut produsele ieri. (nu prea este folosit)
He should have been back yesterday.- Trebuia sa se
intoarca de ieri.
449. Urmatoarele verbe modale sunt folosite pentru
actiuni din trecut: Must, might, could, may, can't
+ have + past participle
My dog must have kept you up last night.- Cainele
trebuie sa te fi tinut treaz toata noaptea
He might have been hungry - Poate ca ii era foame.
He could havr been frightened by something - Poate
ca au fost speriati de ceva
He may have been ill - Poate ca era bolnav
He can't have barked for nothing - Nu poate sa fii
latrat degeaba.
450. Verbele modale exprima de multe ori putinta
de a face ceva.
Aceasta este de exemplu abilitatea generala de a
face ceva, abilitate care daca este adevarata, este
totdeauna adevarata, cum este vorbitul unei limbi
straine de exemplu.
Alte abilitati sunt specifice, exista sau nu in anumite
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momente, cum ar fi sa îsi mentina echilibrul, sau sa
aiba destui bani ca sa plateasca ceva.
451. Can sau can't se folosesc si pentru abilitati
generale si pentru abilitati specifice.
I can ride a bike - Eu pot sa merg cu bicicleta
I can pay - Pot eu sa platesc
He can't sing because he is hoarse.- Nu putem sa
cantam pentru ca el e ragusit
We can't send the letter today. - Nu putem sa
trimitem astazi scrisoarea
452. La trecut can/can't cand exprima abilitati
generale se transforma in could/couldn't
I could ride a bike even in first grade.- Puteam sa
merg pe bicicleta chiar si in clasa intai
I could pay all my bills before the crisis - Inainte de
criza, puteam sa-mi platesc toate facturile.
We couldn't send the letter today - Nu am putut sa
trimitem azi scrisorile
453. Pentru abilitati specifice avute in trecut
deoarece can nu are forma de trecut se foloseste
verbul to be able to anume lui can/can't in acest
caz ii corespunde was able to/couldn't
When the fire started, because there was no wind, I
was able to put it out by myself. - Cand a inceput
incendiul, deoarece nu era vant, am putut sa-l sting
singur.
We couldn't find the lost dog. - Nu am putut sa
gasim cainele pierdut
I was able to open the door though it was stuck -
Am reusit sa deschid usa desi era intepenita
454. Could/couldn't poate reprezenta o abilitate din
trecut care nu mai exista in prezent:
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I could have played the violin but I didn't practice
enough.- As fi putut sa cant la vioara, dar nu am
exersat destul.
We could have come earlier. - Puteam sa venim mai
devreme
455. La viitor can/can't devine will be able
to/won't be able to in cazul abilitatilor generale
I will be able to repair a TV set after those classes. -
Voi putea sa repar un televizor, dupa ce urmez
cursurile acelea.
He won't be able to understand those formulas. - Nu
va fi in stare sa inteleaga acele formule.
456. In cazul abilitatii specifice la viitor can/can't
ramane can/can't.
I can come see you tomorrow - Pot sa vin sa te vad
maine
I can't take the exam next week.- Nu pot sa dau
examenul saptamana viitoare.
457. Verbele modale have to, must, should pot
exprima obligatia de a face ceva
I have to heep it a secret - Trebuie sa pastrez
secretul
You must be polite - Trebuie sa fii politicos
You should speeak louder - Ar trebui sa vorbesti
mai tare
458. Have to reprezinta o obligatie puternica, mai
ales impusa din afara
Children have to learn to read - Copii trebuie sa
invete sa citeasca
The fugitive has to turn himself in. - Fugarul trebuie
sa se predea
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459. Prin urmare don't have to reprezinta lipsa unei
obligatii.
De multe ori se pronunta apasat.
Don't have to nu te restrictioneaza de la a face ceva.
Inseamna doar ca nu este nevoie, dar daca vrei sa
faci este alegerea ta.
I don't have to go to college, but I would like to. -
Nu trebuie sa merg la facultate, dar mi-ar place
460. Must este de asemeni o obligatie puternica,
mai ales cand e venita de la vorbitor.
I must clean my room - Trebuie sa-mi fac curat in
camera
461. Mustn't sububliniaza ca nu este voie sau ca
este o idee proasta.
You mustn't cross the street if there is no
trafficlight.
462. Should/shouldn't reprezinta o obligatie mai
putin stringenta:
You should exercise daily - Trebuie sa faci miscare
zilnic
You shouldn't quarrel.- Nu trebuie sa va certati
463. La trecut have to/don't have to devine had
to / didn’t have to
I had to go to bed at nine as a child - Trebuia sa ma
culc la noua ca copil
I didn't have to rescue the cat, but I wanted to. - Nu
eram obligat sa salvez pisica, dar asa am vrut.
65
464. Must la trecut devine tot had to
I had to clean my room last week because my friend
was coming over. - A trebuit sa-mi fac curat in
camera saptamana trecuta, pentru ca venea in vizita
pritenul/prietena mea.
465. Must not la trecut nu exista.
466. Should/ shouldn't devine la trecut should
have/shouldn't have si exprima un regret
You should have saved some money. - Ar fi trebuit
sa economisesti niste bani
I shouldn't have yelled at my best friend. - Nu
trebuia sa tip la prietenul meu cel mai bun
467. Verbele modale can, could si may pot
exprima o permisiune pe care vorbitorul o cere sau
o primeste.
Can I drive the car? Yes you can/No you can't -
Pot(imi dai voie) sa conduc masina? Da, poti/Nu, nu
poti
Could I borrow this book? Yes you could/No you
couldn't- As putea sa imprumut aceasta carte?
Da/Nu.
May I join you? Yes you may / No you may not.-
Pot sa stau cu voi? Da poti/ Nu nu poti.
468. Verbele will si would pot exprima obiceiuri,
tabieturi si in acest context de multe ori insotesxc
subjonctivul.
I would often have a cup of cofee in the morning. -
De multe ori beam o cafea dimineata
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I will always sing in the shower! - Totdeauna voi
canta in dus!
469. Intrebari Disjunctive
Sunt intrebari care in romana se traduc prin nu-i
asa?
Ele insa exprima mai mult si deseori depind de
intonatia celui care le pronunta.
Se formeaza cu verbe auxiliare sau cu verbe
mpddale
You'll be there, won't you? - Vei fi acolo, nu?
You ate all the cake, didn't you! - Ai mancat tot
tortul, nu-i asa? (spus cu mare suparare)
I can come, can't I? - Pot sa vin si eu, nu? (intrebare
capcana)
He is so smart isn't he? - E atat de destept, nu-i asa?
(entuziasm)
He is that smart, is he? - Asa-i de destept, da?(mare
indoiala)
They lost the money, didn't they? - Au pierdut banii
nu? (banuiala sivcera) They lost the money did
they? - Au pierdut banii, da?(suspiciune)
470. Formarea de Intrebari Disjunctive
471. Tipul clasic de Intrebare Disjunctiva
You are a movie star, aren't you?
472. Al doilea tip de Intrebari Disjunctive din
limbajul vorbit
(So), you are a movie star are you?
473. 1.To Awake - Awoke - Awoken: A se trezi
66
My noisy parrot awakes me every morning -
Papagalul meu zgomotos ma scoala in fiecare
dimineata
474. 2.To Be - Was/Were - Been: A Fi
This is my house - Aceasta este casa mea
Where there is a will there is a way - Unde exista o
vointa, exista si o cale
Two plus three is 5 - 2 + 3 fac 5
475. 3.To Bear - Bore - Borne: - A purta
I bear all the responsibility for what happened - Eu
port toata raspunderea pentru ceea ce s-a intamplat.
She bore the basket on her head - Ducea cosul pe
cap
He bore the pain in silence - El suporta durerea in
liniste
476. 4.To Beat - Beat - Beaten - A Bate
I beat you at chess! Hahaha! - Te-am batut la sah,
hahaha! I beat the carpets monthly - Bat lunar
covoarele
477. 5.Become - Became - Become - A deveni
He became the best football coach in the world - A
devenit cel mai bun antrenor de fotbal din lume
What became of him? - Ce s-a ales de el?
Does white become me? - Mi se potriveste albul?
478. 6.Begin - Began - Begun - A incepe
I began writing my thesis - Am inceput sa-mi scriu
teza de doctorat
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This does not even begin to cover the costs -
Aceasta nici nu incepe sa acopere costurile
479. 7.Bend - Bent - Bent - A indoi
The car door was bent in the accident - Usa de la
masina s-a indoit in accident
Some lawyers bend the truth - Unii avocati
distorsioneaza adevarul
Will you bend the rule a bit, this time? - Vrei sa faci
o mica exceptie de la regula, de data asta?
480. 8.Bet - Bet - Bet - A pune pariu
That is the horse I bet my money on - Acesta e calul
pe care mi-am pariat banii.
Your best bet is to see a lawyer - Cea mai buna
solutie e sa mergi la un avocat
I bet you'll like the trip - Pun pariu ca o sa-ti placa
calatoria
481. 9.Bid - Bid - Bid - A oferi un pret
Let the bidding begin - Sa inceapa ofertele de pret!
He bid the kind family farewell - Si-a luat la
revedere de la familia buna la inima.
482. 10.Bind - Bound - Bound - A lega (sfori,
carti etc)
Serfs in the Middle Ages were bound to the land -
Iobagii din Evul Mediu erau legati de pamant
The villagers bound up the robber - Satenii l-au
legat pe hot
483. 11.Bite - Bit - Bitten - A musca
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He was bitten by 22 cats and a kitten - A fost
muscat de 22 de pisici si un pisoi.
He bit the bait - A muscat din momeala
A mosqito bit me - M-a ciupit un tantar
484. 12.Bleed - Bled - Bled - A sangera
His nose was bleeding - Ii curgea sange din nas.
The color of the shirt bled into the other fabrics and
now everything is brown - Culoarea de la camasa s-
a raspandit in celalte materiale si acum totul e
maroniu
485. 13.Blow - Blew - Blown - A sufla
The wind blew his hat off - Vantul i-a luat palaria
Blow your nose! she said to her little boy. - Sufla-ti
nasul! a spus ea baietelului ei.
The bomb almost blew up in my face! - Bomba
aproape ca mi-a explodat in fata!
He blew out the candles - A stins lumanarile
(sufland in ele)
486. 14.Break - Broke - Broken - A (se) sparge, A
se stica
He broke the vase! - A spart vaza!
He broke his arm! - Si-a rupt mana!
The TV is broke. - Televizorul e stricat.
He broke the world record - A depasit recordul
mondial
He broke the law - A incalcat legea
They broke up - S-au despartit.
We'll break for cofee. - Vom face o pauza de cafea.
487. 15.Bring - Brought - Brought - A aduce
I brought supplies for the troops - Am adus provizii
pentru trupe
The enemy was brought to his knees - Dusmanul a
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fost infrant(ingenuncheat)
The quarrel brought out the worst in him - Cearta a
scos la iveala toate caracteristicile lui negative
He brought it upon himself - Si-a facut-o cu mana
lui.
It was brought to my attention - Mi s-a semnalat
488. 16.Build - Built - Built - A construi
The house was built around 1850 - Casa a fost
construita in jur de 1850
The house had a shelf built-in the wall. - Casa avea
un raft incorpoat in perete
489. 17.Burn - Burnt/Burned - Burnt/Burned - A
arde
He burns all his letters - Isi arde toate scrisorile
His job is burning him out - Slujba il epuizeaza
490. 18.Burst - Burst - Burst - A plesni, a fi plin
ochi, a izbucni
The kid was bursting with energy - Copilul plesnea
de energie
The balloon burst from the heat - Balonul a
explodat de la caldura.
The crowd burst out laughing - Multimea a izbucnit
in ras.
He burst out the door - A iesit cu putere (a izbucnit)
pe usa.
491. 19.Buy - Bought - Bought - A cumpara
I bought a new refridgerator - Am cumparat un
frigider nou.
He didn't buy my excuse - Nu a acceptat scuza mea
Going by taxi will buy you some time - Daca mergi
cu taxi-ul mai castigi niste timp.
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492. 20.Cast - Cast - Cast - A arunca (doar
anumite lucruri, multe din ele nautice)
He cast a glance - A aruncat o privire
The sea cast them to shore - Marea i-a aruncat la
tarm
The fisherman cast his net - Pescarul si-a aruncat
plasa de pescuit in apa
The fishermat cast the fishing line into the sea -
Pescarul si-a aruncat FIRUL de pescuit in apa
This certainly casts some doubt over his innocence -
Aceasta arunca cu siguranta o indoiala asupra
nevinovatiei lui.
In the summer, I like sitting in the long shadow cast
by the tower - Vara imi place sa stau la umbra
aruncata de turn.
493. Catch - Caught - Caught - A prinde
He caught the ball - A prins mingea.
He caught a cold - A racit
He was caught stealing - A fost prins furand
He caught the bus - A prins autobuzul
I didn't catch all you said - Nu am prins tot ce ai
spus
494. 22.Choose - Chose - Chosen - A alege
She was chosen for the team - A fost aleasa in
echipa
You may leave if you choose - Poti pleca, daca
doresti.
I cannot choose to stand aside - Nu pot sa aleg sa n
ma implic.
495. 23.Clap - Clapped/Clapt - Clapped/Clapt -
A bate din palme, a incropi
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The children were clapping their hands - Copii
bateau din palme
They clapped up a garage - Au incropit un garaj
496. 24.Cling - Clung - Clung - A se agata, a se
tine strans
The bus passengers were clinging to the seats in
front during the bumpy ride. - Pasagerii autobuzului
se tineau de scaunele din fata in timpul calatoriei cu
denivelari.
They cling to old-fashioned ideas. - Ei se agata de
idei invechite
497. 25.Clothe - Clad/Clothed - Clad/Clothed - A
imbraca (cuvant vechi)
The queen was clothed in gold and silver - Regina
era imbracata in aur si argint
Trees clothed in a rainbow of colors - Copaci
imbracati intr-un curcubeu de culori)
498. 26.Come - Came - Come - A veni
Come see me! - Vino sa ma vezi!
They came to a conclusion - Au ajuns la o concluzie
My family comes first - Familia mea e prima ca
prioritate
The project is coming along very well - Proiectul
inainteaza foarte bine.
A wrench would come in handy - Un cleste ar fi util
It's all coming back to me now. - Incep sa imi
amintesc totul
499. 27.Cost - Cost - Cost - A costa
How much does asparagus cost? - Cat costa
sparanghelul
It almost cost me my life - Aproape ca m-a costat
viata
69
500. 28.Creep - Crept - Crept - A se tara
A spider was creeping up the wall - Un paianjen se
urca pe perete
Depression can creep up on you - Depresia poate sa
te cuptinda pe nesimtite
501. 29.Cut - Cut - Cut - A taia
He cut the apple in two - A taiat marul in doua
I have to cut my hair - Trebuie sa ma tund
That child sometimes cuts class - Copilul acela
cateodata chiuleste
That paragraph was cut out - Acel paragraf a fost
scos
He cut in line in front of me - A intrat in fata mea,
peste rand
He was cut off from the will - A fost scos din
testament
I'm not cut out to be a hero. - Nu sunt facut sa fiu
erou
502. 30.Dare - Dared - Dared - a provoca, a
indrazni
I dare you to jump from the tree - Te provoc sa sari
din copac
Why would I dare do something as silly as that - De
ce as indrazni sa fac ceva atat de necugetat?
503. 31.Deal - Dealt - Dealt - A se ocupa de, a
avea de-a face cu, a face afacei, a imparti carti de
joc
He deals with a lot everyday - Se ocupa de multe
lucruri zilnic.
As a teacher she deals with many parents - Ca
profesoara are de-a face cu multi parinti
He deals used cars - El vinde masini uzate
69

504. 32.Dig - Dug - Dug - A sapa
I want to dig up my garden this spring - Vreau sa
imi sap gradina in primavara asta
Don't dig your nails into my arm like that! - Nu-ti
mai baga unghiile in bratul meu!
He dug up a treasure!Unbelivable! - A scos din
pamant o comoara! Formidabil!
505. 33.Dive - Dived/Dove - Dived
He dived into the crowd - A plonjat in multime
He dived into the ocean waves - A plonjat in
valurile oceanului
506. 34.Do - Did - Done - A face
The boy did his homework - Baiatul si-a facut
temele
He did the dishes - El a spalat vasele
He always does his duty - El totdeauna isi face
datoria
There is still a lot to do - Mai sunt multe de facut
What do you do for a living? - Cu ce te ocupi?
Do your best, leave the rest - Fa totul cat mai bine,
nu te deranja de altceva
She does her hair every morning - Isi face parul in
fiecare dimineata
He did jail time for car theft - A facut puscarie
pentru furt de masini
Do as the teacher says - Fa cum iti spune profesoara
A ham sandwich would do nicely - Un sendvis cu
sunca ar merge bine
That should do it - Asta rezolva problema
I could do without this - As trai si fara asta (spus de
ceva care te deranjeaza)
507. 35.Draw - Drew - Drawn - A desena
70
He can't draw - El nu poate sa deseneze
I will draw the conclusions - Voi prezenta
concluziile.
They still draw water from a fountain - Ei inca scot
apa din fantana.
The nurse came to draw blood - Asistenta medicala
a venit sa ia sange
If you wear a turban you will draw attention - Daca
porti un turban ai sa atragi atentie
508. 36.Dream - Dreamt/Dreamed -
Dreamt/Dreamed - A visa
I dream of going to Hawaii - Visez sa merg in
Hawaii
Last night, I dreamed I was flying over the moon -
Azi noapte am visat ca zburam deasupra lunii.
509. 37.Drink - Drank - Drunk - A bea
I drink a cup of milk in the morning - Dimineata
beau un pahar de lapte.
I sat in the forest, and drank in the beauty around
me. - Am stat in padure si am absorbit frumusetea
din jur.
510. 38.Drive - Drove - Driven - A conduce
He drives a taxi - El conduce un taxi
She'll be driving six white horses - Ea va conduce
sase cai albi.
The enemy was driven out of the country - Inamicul
a fost izgonit din tara
He drives me crazy - Ma innebuneste
Water drives the turbine - Apa pune in miscare
turbina
What are you driving at? - Unde bati?
511. 39.Eat - Ate - Eaten - A manca
70

I love eating spaghetti and cheese - Im place sa
mananc spaghetti cu branza
Rust ate away the pillars of the old bridge - Rugina
a mancat stalpii vechiului pod.
Ehat's eating you? - Ce te roade?
512. 40.Fall - Fell - Fallen - A cadea
When the apple fell, Newton discovered gravity -
Cand a cazut marul Newton a descoperit gravitatiaa
London bridge is falling down - Podul Londrei se
prabuseste (incetul cu incetul)
Night falls earlier in winter. - Noaptea vine mai
devreme iarna
The knight fell in love with the beautiful princess -
Cavalerul s-a indragostit de frumoasa printesa
The peasant fell to his knees when the heavenly
light shone upon him - Taranul a cazut in genunchi
atunci cand lumina divina s-a varsat asupra lui.
My eyes fell on a letter he had on his desk - Ochii
mi-au cazut pe o scrisoare de pe biroul lui
When I told him the stock market crashed, his face
fell - Cand i-am spus ca bursa a cazut, i-au cazut
trasaturile.
When does Easter fall this year? - Cand cade
Pastele anul acesta? A lot of rain has fallen this
spring. - A plouat mult in primavara asta.
The governement fell - A cazut guvernul
If you don't study you'll fall behind - Daca nu
studiezi vei ramane in urma
This cottage is falling apart - Casuta asta se darama
(incetul cu incetul)
513. 41.Feed - Fed - Fed - A hrani
I need somebody to feed my chickens, said Sfanta
Vineri. - Am nevoie de cineva care sa-mi hraneasca
puii, spuse Sfanta Vineri.
This region alone feeds the towns around it. -
Aceasta regiune singura hraneste orasekle din jur.
514. 42.Feel - Felt - Felt - A simti
71
Do you feel the spirit of Christmas in the air? -
Simti in aer spritul Craciunului?
I felt my heart sink - Am simtit cum mi-a cazut
inima.
I felt her little hand tugging at my skirt - I-am simtit
maina mica tragandu-ma de fusta
A blind man sees by feeling with his hands - Cineva
orb vede pipaind cu mainile.
I feel for you - Te inteleg, sunt alaturi de tine.
515. 43.Fight - Fought - Fought - A se bate, a se
certa
We will fight to the death - Ne vom bate pana la
moarte
My neighbors fight all the time - Vecinii mei se
cearta tot timpul
He was fighting off a swarm of flies - Usuia de pe el
un roi de muste
The child fought back tears - Copilul si-a luptat sa
nu planga
516. 44.Find - Found - Found - A gasi
I need to find my cat - Trebuie sa-mi gasesc pisica
Will I ever find happiness? - Voi gasi vreodata
fericirea?
I find this story to be far-fetced. - Mi se pare aceasta
poveste, exagerata.
Stop finding fault with me! - Nu imi mai tot gasi
cusururi!
517. 45.Fit - Fit/Fitted - Fit/Fitted - A potrivi
Can you fit into this dress? - Te incape rochia asta>
I can't fit these shoes into the box. - Nu reusesc sa
bag acesti pantofi in cutie.
This fall scenery fits my mood - Aceasta priveliste
de toamna se potriveste cu starea mea de spirit
71

518. 46.Flee - Fled - Fled - A fugi (dar nu a
alerga de placere)
They tried to flee the country - Au incercat sa fuga
din tara
The robber fled from the house with the police at
his heels - Hotul a fugit din casa cu politia dupa el
He fled the scene of the crime - A fugit de la locul
crimei.
519. 47.Fling - Flung - Flung - A arunca
He flung himself in a chair - S-a aruncat intr-un
scaun.
David flung a stone at Goliath - David a aruncat cu
o piatra in Goliath
He flung up his arms in hopelessness - Si-a aruncat
bratele in sus in disperare.
520. 48.Fly - Flew - Flown - A zbura
A happy parrot flew high into the sky - Uu papagal
fericit s-a inaltat sus in cer.
He flew over the North Pole - A zburat peste Polul
Nord
The ship flew the Romanian flag - Vaporul arbora
drapelul romanesc.
Splinters were flying everywhere - Aschii zburau
peste tot.
521. 49.Forbid - Forbade/Forbad - Forbidden - A
interzice
I forbid you to go! - Iti interzic sa te duci
God forbid! - Doamne fereste!
522. 50.Foresee - Foresaw - Foreseen - A
prevedea(
72
He did not foresee that - Nu s-a asteptat la asta
An unforeseen storm hit the Gulf of Mexico. - O
furtuna neasteptata a lovit Golful Mexic
523. 51.Foretell - Foretold - Foretold - A prevesti
Nostradamus foretold many future events -
Nostradamus a prevesit multe evenimente viitoare
524. 52.Forget - Forgot - Forgotten - A uita
An elephant never forgets - Un elefant nu uita
niciodata
525. 53.Forgive - Forgave - Forgiven - A ierta
Forgive me for asking: How old are you? - Iarta-ma
ca te intreb: Cati ani ai?
He forgave the burglar - El l-a iertat pe hpt
They say to forgive and forget is a wise idea - Se
spune ca a ierta si a uita e o idee inteleapta.
526. 54.Forsake - Forsook - Forsaken - A uita de,
a abandona
Someday, this God forsaken land will grow more
than weeds. - Intr-o zi, acest pamant uitat de
Dumnezeu va creste si altceva in afara de buruieni.
527. 55.Freeze - Froze - Frozen - A ingheta
That lake freezes in the winter - Lacul acela
ingheata iarna
He froze in his tracks when he saw the bear - A
inlemnit in cale cand a vazut ursul.
My computer froze, it needs rebooted - Computerul
nu mai merge, trebuie repornit.
72

He froze in front of the camera - A inlemnit in fata
aparatului de filmat.
528. 56.Get - Got - Got/Gotten - A primi, a
intelege
I got a puppy for my friend - Am luat un catelus
pentru prietenul meu
I got The Three Musketeers from the library - Am
luat "Cei 3 Muschetari" de la biblioteca.
How do you get there? - Cum ajungi acolo?
I don't get it - Nu inteleg
Get a haircut - Tunde-te!
I got off at the wrong station - M-am dat jos la alta
statie (decat trebuia)
I got on the next train - M-am suit in urmatorul tren
Everyday I get to school at 8 in the morning - In
fiecare zi ajung la scoala la 8 dimineata
I will stay at home because I got the flu - Voi sta
acasa fiindca sunt racit
I didn't get your name when we were introduced. -
Nu ti-am retinut numele cand am fost prezentati
We've got a little cabin in the mountains - Avem o
mica cabana in munti
I hope I got my point across - Sper ca m-am facut
inteles
Word got around. - Stirea s-a raspandit
They barely get by - Abia se descurca cu banii
Getting back to the subject - Intorcandu-ne la
subiect
Let's get to the subject - Hai sa ajungem la subiect
Let's get down to work - Hai sa ne apucam de
treaba. Don't get into trouble - Nu da de vreo belea
Get out of here - Iesi afara de aici!
The whole family got together last week - Intreaga
familie s-a adunat saptamana trecuta
We get along well - Ne intelegem bine.
I get up at six - Ma scol la 6.
529. 57.Give - Gave - Given - A da
We gave the waiter a tip - I-am dat chelnerului un
bacsis
He gave me a pencil/a car/a house/a drink ... - Mi-a
73
dat un creion/o masina/o casa/o bautura...
Give me an example/your word/a piece of advice...
- Mi-a dat un exemplu/cuvantul lui/un sfat...
He gave me a nod - Mi-a facut semn din cap
Give him my best wishes. - Transmite-i toate urarile
mele de bine.
He gave his life - Si-a dat viata
He gave out a scream - A tipat
He gave a party - A dat o petrecere
He gives me the creeps - Imi da fiori.(Ma
inspaimanta)
A cow gives milk - O vaca da lapte
He gave me a wink - Mi-a facut cu ochiul.
Those doors give onto the garden - Acele usi dau in
gradina
He gave me back my binoculars - Mi-a dat inapoi
binoclul
He finally gave in to my insistance - In sfarsit a
cedat insistentelor mele
The cow gave out a deep Moo - Vaca a scos un
Moo adanc
The robber gave himself up - Hotul s-a predat
I gave up looking for buried treasures - Am reuntat
sa mai caut comori ingropate
530. 58.Go - Went - Gone - A pleca, a merge, a se
duce
I go by bus - Ma duc cu autobuzul
Go away! - Pleaca de aici!
He went on and on about how unfair this is - A
vorbit intruna ce nedreapta e situatia
I am going to do this - Voi face acest lucru
He went mad - A innebunit
That book goes there - Cartea aceea merge acolo
Orange and green go well together
It goes without saying - Se subintelege
All these rugs have to go - Toate aceste covoare
trebuie sa dispara
How are things going? - Cum merg lucrurile
I go: Whaaat? - Zic: Ceee?
As time goes by I like this house more - Cu trecerea
timpului imi place mai mult casa asta.
Can I go in there? - Pot sa intru acolo? Let's go out!
- Hai sa iesim!
73

531. 59.
Grind - Ground - Ground - A macina
Grind the wheat at the mill! - Macina-ti graul la
moara!
He would grind his teeth - Scrasnea din dinti
532. 60.Grow - Grew - Grown - A creste
My apple tree is growing nicely - Marul meu creste
frumos
The suspense was growing every minute -
Suspansul crestea din clipa in clipa
He grows a beard - Isi lasa barba
He grows chickens - Creste pui
The days grow shorter - Zilele se scurteaza
Nights grow longer - Noptile se lungesc. He grew
up - S-a facut mare.
533. 61.Hang - Hung/Hanged - Hung/Hanged - A
atarna, a spanzura
Hang - Hung - Hung - verb neregulat inseamna a
atarna
Hang - Hanged - Hanged - verb regulat inseamna a
spanzura
I will hang the painting in the livingroom - Voi
atarna tabloul in sufragerie
He will hang at dawn - Va fi spanzurat la rasaritul
soarelui.
He hung his head in shame - Si-a lasat capul in jos
de rusine
We hung out together in highschool - Ieseam
impreuna in liceu.
534. 62.Have - Had - Had - A avea
I have a car - Am o masina
Can I have some mashed potatoes - Pot sa iau niste
piure? May I have a look? - Pot sa arunc o privire?
74
I had a talk with him. - Am avut o discutie cu el.
Let's have a party! - Hai sa dam o petrecere!
I had a good time - M-am distrat bine.
I must have breakfast/lunch etc first - Intai trebuie
sa mananc de dimineata/pranz etc.
They have 2 children - Ei au 2 copii
She had a baby. - A nascut.
This has nothing to do with you - Aceasta treaba nu
are legatura cu tine.
535. 63.Hear - Heard - Heard - A auzi
Do you hear what I hear? - Auzi ce aud eu?
I heard Mary has a little lamb - Am auzit ca Mary
are un mielut.
I won't hear of it! - Nici nu vreau sa aud!
Please, hear me out - Te rog asculta si ce am eu de
spus!
536. 64.Hide - Hid - Hidden - A (se) ascunde
The rabbit was hiding from the fox - Iepurele era
ascuns de vulpe
Outlaws hid in dark forests - Haiducii se ascundeau
in paduri intunecate
537. 65.Hit - Hit - Hit - A (se) lovi
He hit the table with his fist - A lovit cu pumnul in
masa
I hit my thumb when hammering a nail - M-am lovit
la degul mare pe cand bateam un cui.
The bullet hit the target - Glontul a lovit tinta
The company was hit hard by the recession - Firma
a fost greu lovita de recesiune.
538. 66.Hold - Held - Held - A (se) tine
He held the book on his knees - Tinea cartea pe
genunchi
74

He held on to the handrail - S-a tinut de balustrada
He held his breath - Si-a tinut respiratia
Let's see what the future holds. - Sa vedem ce ne
rezerva viitorul
He held his tongue - Si-a tinut limba
539. 67.Hurt - Hurt - Hurt - A durea, a se lovi
My head/stomach/arm/tooth etc hurts - Ma doare
capul/stomacul/bratul/dintele etc
His words hurt - Cuvintele lui m-au durut
It never hurts to be polite - Niciodata nu strica sa fii
politicos.
540. 68.Keep - Kept - Kept - A tine, a pastra
He kept coming back into the store - Se tot intorcea
in magazin.
She keeps parrots - Ea creste papagali
Keep the children quiet. - Fa-i pe copii sa taca.
Keep safe on the road - Stai (pastreaza-te) in
siguranta pe drum.
Can you keep a secret? - Poti sa tii un secret?
This project will keep him busy - Acest proiect il va
tine ocupat
I keep records of all spendings - Tin evidente pentru
toate cheltuielile.
Keep your voice down - Vorbeste incet.
Keep up the good work - Continua munca cea buna.
He keeps to himself - E retras.
541. 69.Kneel - Knelt/Kneeled - Knelt/Kneeled -
A ingenunchea
He kneeled beside his sick dog - A ingenuncheat
langa cainele sau bolnav.
542. 70.Knit - Knit/Knitted - Knit/Knitted
75
His grandmother would knit beautiful sweaters. -
Bunica lui impletea pulovere frumoase.
543. 71.Know - Knew - Known - A sti, a
cunoaste.
He knows many poems - El stie multe poezii.
I know you - Te cunosc.
I have known him for a long time. - Il cunosc
demult
You never know what might happen - Niciodata nu
stii ce s-ar putea intampla.
544. 72.Lay - Laid - Laid - A pune
He wante to lay down and rest - Vroia sa se intinda
ca sa se odihneasca.
He laid the table - A pus masa
He laid the bedspread upon the bed - A pus
cuvertura pe pat.
He laid thick coats of paint. - A dat straturi groase
de vopsea.
If he lays a finger on my dog I will sue - Daca face
vreun rau cainelui meu il dau in judecata.
My hen lays big eggs. - Gaina mea face oua mari.
545. 73.Lead - Led - Led - A conduce
He led his army to victory - Si-a condus armata
pana la victorie.
The trail led them to the famous cave - Drumul i-a
condus la celebra pestera.
He led the way when the children crossed the street.
- El i-a condus (a stat in fata lor) cand copiii au
traversat strada
He leads an interesting life - El duce o viata
interesanta
546. 74.Lean - Leant/Leaned - Leant/Leaned - A
se inclina, a se sprijini
75

The leaning tower of Pisa started to be built in
1172. - Turnul inclinat din Pisa a inceput sa fie
construit in 1172.
He leans on me for help - Se sprijina de mine sa il
ajut.
He leaned against the wall in pain - S-a sprijinit de
perete datorita durerii.
547. 75.Leap - Leapt/Leaped - Leapt/Leaped - A
sari (ca o lacusta si in sus)
With the bull right behind him, the man leaped over
the wall - Cu taurul in urma lui, barbatul a trecut
peste zid dintr-o saritura
He learns by leaps and bounds - Invata in salturi.
He leaped at the chance to go to Tokyo - A actionat
imediat pentru sansa de aq merge la Tokyo
548. 76.Learn - Learnt/Learned -
Learnt/Learned - A invata, a afla
I learned Chinese - Am invatat chinezeste
He lerned he was broke - A aflat ca nu mai are nici
un ban
549. 77.Leave - Left - Left - A pleca, a lasa
He left in a hurry - A plecat in graba
He left me a note - Mi-a lasat un bilet.
Because he was late, he was left out of the game. -
Deoarece a intarziat, a fost omis din meci.
Do your best, leave the rest - Fa totul cat mai bine,
lasa restul(alte framantari).
Leave me alone! - Lasa-ma-n pace!
The train leaves at 9. - Trenul pleaca la 9. Anne left
Bill - Anne l-a parasit pe Bill.
550. 78.Lend - Lent - Lent - A imprumuta
76
He lent me a book - Mi-a imprumutat o carte
We are building a house. Can you lend us a hand? -
Construim o casa. Poti sa ne ajuti?
551. 79.Let - Let - Let - A lasa
He will let the parrot out of the cage - A lasat
papagalul afara din cusca
let a greater than b - Fie a mai mare ca b
Let him in. - Lasa-l sa intre
Let us pray - Sa ne rugam.
I can't drive a car let alone a bus - Nu pot sa conduc
o masina, darmite un autobuz
Don't let me down! - Nu ma dezamagi.
552. 80.Lie - Lay - Lain - A sta culcat
A nu se confunda cu to lie care inseamna a minti
Saturday morning, I like to lie in bed - Sambata
dimineata imi place sa stau culcat in pat.
You left the book lying on the floor - Ai last cartea
pe podea.
Constanta lies on the Black Sea coast -Constanta se
afla pe tarmul Marii Negre.
Here lies Mihail Eminescu - Aici, se odihneste
Eminescu
If I lay low maybe the bear won't find me - Daca
stau pitit poate ca ursul nu ma va gasi.
I laid out a wonderful plan - Am conceput un plan
grozav.
553. 81.Light - Lit - Lit - A aprinde
Light a fire! - Fa un foc!
I lit the lamp - Am aptins lampa
Her face lights up when she hears of her home
town.
Because of the drought the forest lit up - Datorita
secetei padurea a luat foc.
76

554. 82.Lose - Lost - Lost - A pierde
I lost my wallet - Mi-am pierdut portofelul
He got lost in the city - S-a ratacit in oras.
He lost his job last week. - Si-a pierdut slujba
saptamana trecuta.
He loses his temper too easily - Isi pierde cumpatul
prea usor.
I must lose weight - Trebuie sa slabesc.
555. 83.Make - Made - Made - A face, a produce
The baby was making a lot of noise - Copilul mic
facea mult zgomot.
The carpenter made a table - Tamplarul a facut o
masa
He made a mistake in these calculations. - A facut o
greseala in aceste calcule
I'm making lunch - Pregatesc pranzul
He made the bed - A facut patul
He made a phone call - A dat un telefon
He barely made it - A ajuns in ultima clipa.
2 and 4 make 6 - 2 si cu 4 fac 6.
He made up with his friend - S-a impacat cu
prietenul sau.
He made off with the money - A plecat cu banii.
556. 84.Mean - Meant - Meant - A insemna
What do you mean? - Ce vrei sa spui?
He didn't mean it - N-a vorbit serios (N-a vrut sa te
jigneasca.
What does this word mean? - Ce inseamna acest
cuvant?
How do you mean to find him? - Cum ai de gand
sa-l gasesti.
This means war! - Acest lucru inseamna razboi!
(adica acest lucru m-a suparat foarte tare)
Your support means a lot to me - Sprijinul tau are
mare importanta pentru mine.
557. 85.Meet - Met - Met - A (se) intalni
77
Lets meet at 8 - Hai sa ne intalnim la 8.
He did not meet all the required conditions - El nu
indeplinea toate conditiile cerute.
Our project met the committee's approval.
The horizon is an illusion. Land never meets sky. -
Orizontul e o iluzie. Pamantul nu intalneste cerul
niciodata
558. 86.Melt - Melted - Molten/Melted - A (se)
topi
Dupa cum se vede, numai Molten e o forma
neregulata
Molten lava - lava topita
Molten iron - fier topit
etc
559. 87.Mistake - Mistook - Mistaken - A lua
ceva drept altceva
Mistake inseamna greseala
Insa a gresi = to make a mistake
Se foloseste cu for
Oh I'm sorry. I mistook you for somebody else - O,
iarta-ma te-am luat drept altcineva
I mistook him for a beggar - Am crezut ca e cersetor
560. 88.Mow - Mowed - Mown - A tunde iarba
I have to mow the lawn - Trebuie sa tund gazonul
561. 89.Pay - Paid - Paid - A plati
Wait till I go pay - Asteapta pana ma duc sa platesc.
I paid a lot for the car. - Am dat mult pe masina
It pays good interest. - Da dobanda buna.
It pays to work hard - Da rezultate munca grea.
77

Can you pay off your debts - Poti sa iti platesti
datoriile.
562. 90.Prove - Proved - Proven/Proved - A (se)
dovedi, a demonstra
Proved se foloseste ca verb, proven ca adjectiv.
I have proved this, so now it is a proven fact - Am
dovedit aceasta asa ca acum e un fapt dovedit
The party proved to be a succes - Petrecerea s-a
dovedit a fi de succes.
I proved this theorem - Am demonstrat aceasta
teorema<>br>
563. 91.Put - Put - Put - A pune
Put that book back where it belongs - Pune cartea
inapoi unde-i e locul
I have to put my coat on - Trebuie sa-mi pun haina
pe mine.
Can I put(sau ask) a question? - Pot sa pun o
intrebare?
' Bluntly put, my answer is NO - Pe scurt raspunsul
meu e nu.
Stop putting this off! - Nu mai amana!
Put out that fire first, it's dangerous - Intai stinge
focul acela, e periculos.
I am finished putting up with him! - Am terminat sa
il mai rabd!
564. 92.Quit - Quit - Quit - A-si da demisia, a
renunta
I quit my job - Mi-am dat demisia
I quit smoking - Am renuntat la fumat.
565. 93.Read - Read - Read - A citi
I learned to read at 5 - Am invatat sa citesc la 5 ani.
You read my mind - Mi-ai citit gandurile
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I wouldn't read to much into that - Eu n-as
interpreta asta ca insemnand prea mult.
The ammeter reads 10amps - Ampermetrul indica
10 amperi.
Read out the rules - Citeste cu voce tare regulile
I need to read up on my history - Trebuie sa-mi
improspatez cunostintele de istorie.
566. 94.Rid - Rid/Ridded - Rid/Ridded - A scapa
de
The candidate promised to rid the city of stray dogs.
- Candidatul a promis sa scape cainele de caini
vagabonzi.
He's rid of his debts - A scapat de datorii.
567. 95.Ride - Rode - Ridden - A calari, a merge
cu un mijloc de transport
He rode away into the sunset - A calarit pierzandu-
se in lumina apusului de soare.
She rides a tan horse - Ea calareste un cal bej.
He rides the bus to work - Merge cu autobuzul la
serviciu.
She loves riding a bike - Ei ii place sa mearga pe
bicicleta.
568. 96.Ring - Rang - Rung - A suna
Ring me up! - Suna-ma! What he says rings true -
Ce spune el suna adevarat.
The doorbell is ringing - E cineva la usa (Soneria
suna)
The classroom rang with laughter - Clasa a rasunat
de rasete
569. 97.Rise - Rose - Risen - A se ridica
To rise e numai a se ridica
To raise (verb regulat) e a ridica
78

The sun rises in the east - Soarele se ridica in est.
Hot air balloons were rising in the sky during the
festivities - Baloanele cu aer cald se ridicau in cer in
timpul festivitatilor.
Inflation causes prices to rise - Inflatia face ca
preturile sa creasca.
The preacher's voice rose till it sounded like thunder
- Vocea predicatorului a crescut pana a devenit ca
un trasnet.
I saw a thin column of smoke rising in the distince -
Am vazut o coloana subtire de fum ridicandu-se in
departare.
He rose from his seat with difficulty - S-a sculat de
pe scaun cu dificultate.
The city of Warsaw rose from the ashes after WW2
- Orasul Varsovia s-a ridicat din cenusa dupa
razboi.
570. 98.Run - Ran - Run - A alerga, a merge
(despre aparate), a conduce, a candida
He ran the whole marathon - A alergat intreg
maratonul
He wants to run for president - Vrea sa candideze la
presedentie.
The TV runs all day - Televizorul sta aprins toata
ziua.
The rehearsal ran from 3pm to 8pm. - Repetitia a
tinut de la 3 la 8 dupa masa.
The scientist was running a six month experiment
- Savantul desfasura un experiment cu durata de
sase luni.
It seems you've run out of luck, we have no more
umbrellas - Se pare ca te-a lasat norocul, nu mai
avem umbrele.
571. 99.Saw - Sawed - Sawn/Sawed - A taia cu
fierastraul
I always saw off the Christmas tree branches before
getting rid of it - Totdeauna tai ramurile la brad
inainte sa ma descotorosesc de el.
79
572. 100. Say - Said - Said - A spune
Say something - Zi ceva
"I made a mistake!" "I'll say" - "Am gresit!" "Si
inca cum"
Let's say it's so - Sa spunem ca asa e.
573. 101.See - Saw - Seen - A vedea, a intelege
I see an eagle in the sky - Vad un vultur pe cer
I see what your saying. - Inteleg ce spui.
I see her as the leader - O vad pe ea in postul de
conducator
Please see what they want - Te rog sa vezi ce vor.
He is seeing somebody - Se vede cu cineva
The doctor will see you now - Poti intra in cabinetul
doctorului.
See that they do it right - Vezi sa faca treaba bine.
He had to see the ruins for himself - A trebuit sa
vada ruinele cu ochii lui.
Please see the guests to the door - Te rog condu-i pe
musafiri.
574. 102.Seek - Sought - Sought - A cauta
I'll go seek help - Ma duc sa caut ajutor
He is seeking employment - Cauta o slujba?
575. 103.Sell - Sold - Sold - A (se) vinde
I want to sell the house - Vreau sa vand casa
Apples don't sell so well anymore - Merele nu se
mai vand asa de bine.
He was sold on the idea of a rooftop garden - I-a
placut ideea unei gradini pe acoperis.
576. 104.Send - Sent - Sent - A trimite
He sent me a letter - Mi-a trimis o scrisoare
They sent the children to boarding school - Au
79

trimis copiii la internat
The football player sent the ball out of the field -
Jucatorul de fotbal a trimis mingea in afara
terenului.
I was sent for, wasn't I? - Am fost chemat(a), nu?
577. 105.Set - Set - Set - A aseza, a aranja
He set the statuette on the table - A pus statueta pe
masa
He set the house on fire - A dat foc la casa
I set the alarm clock at 8 - Am pus ceasul sa sune la
8
He must set the table by 6 - Trebuie sa puna masa
pana in ora 6.
It's all set - Totu-i aranjat.
You must set a good example for your little sister -
Trebuie sa fii un model pentru sora ta mai mica.
The sun sets at 8. - Soarele apune la 8.
Set apart the clothes you will need - Aseaza
deoparte hainele de care vei avea nevoie.
Let me set forth my ideas - Lasa-ma sa-ti prezint
ideile mele.
His smoking set off the fire detector - Fumatul lui a
pornit detectorul de incendii.
I set up shop in town - Mi-am ridicat un magazin in
oras.
578. 106.Sew - Sewed - Sewn/Sewed - A coase
He is sewing the hem of his pants - El isi coase tivul
la pantaloni.
579. 107.Shake - Shook - Shaken - A tremura, a
scutura
To shiver with cold - A tremura de frig.
The hunter started shaking when he saw the lion. -
Vanatorul a inceput sa tremure cand a vazut leul.
The night the earth shook - Noaptea cand pamantul
s-a zguduit.
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To shake hands - A da mana.;br: She shook the
tambourine and the music played - Ea scutura We
shook hands on it - Ne-am inteles
580. 108.Shave - Shaved - Shaven/Shaved - A (se)
rade
He shaved his mustache this morning - Si-a ras
mustata in dimineata asta.
He shaved the wood carefullz - A dat cu atentie
lemnul la rindea.
581. 109.Shed - Shed - Shed - A pierde (par,
kilograme, lacrimi etc)
A pierde ceva e to lose
He shed tears in silence - Plangea in liniste
What you said shed some light on this mystery. -
Ceea ce mi-ai spus a aruncat putina lumina asupra
acestui mister.
The oaktree has shed its leaves. - Stejarul s-a
lepadat de frunze.
Mz dog's hair is shedding - Cainelui meu ii cade par
din blana.
582. 110.Shine - Shone - Shone - A straluci
Moonlight shone on the forest path - Lumina lunii
stralucea pe cararea din padure
The happiness that shone in his ezes said it all -
Bucuria care-i stralucea in ochi era graitoare.
583. 111.Shoe - Shod - Shod - A (se) incalta
Uzual pentru a se incalta e to put on one's shoes
Who is going to shoe your pretty little feet? - Cine-
ti va incalta piciorusele?
He shoes horses - E potcovar
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584. 112.Shoot - Shot - Shot - A impusca
I shot the sheriff - L-am impuscat pe serif.
Peter shot an angrz look at him - Peter i-a aruncat o
privire suparata.
Water shot out of the pipe - A tasnit apa din teava.
Pain shot through my arm - O durere m-a sagetat in
brat
585. 113.Show - Showed - Shown - A arata
He showed me his stamp collection - Mi-a aratat
colectia lui de timbre.
He showed them to the door. - I-a condus la usa.
What's showing at the movies this week? - Ce film
ruleaza saptamana asta?
You didn't show up for rehearsal. - Nu ai venit la
repetitii.
586. 114.Shrink - Shrank - Shrunk - A se
micsora
People shrink with age - Cu varsta, oamenii se fac
mai mici de inaltime
I want to shrink this photo, and keep it in my purse
+ Vreau sa micsorey aceasta fotografie si sa o tin in
poseta.
The lake shrank because of the draught - Lacul s-a
micsorat datorita secetei.
587. 115.Shut - Shut - Shut - A inchide
Shut up! - Taci din gura!
Please shut the door - Te rog inchide usa
The electricitz is shut off. - Curentul e oprit.
The health inspectors shut down the store -
Inspectorii de sanatate au inchis magazinul
They shut off the radioactive plant - Au inchis (si au
izolat) uyina radioactiva.
81
588. 116.Sing - Sang - Sung - A canta
She sings in the choir - Ea canta la cor
Let's sing a song - Hai sa cantam un cantec
Happy birds are singing in the skz - Pasari fericite
canta in cer.
589. 117.Sink - Sank - Sunk - A (se) scufunda
The battleship has been sunk! - Cuirasatul a fost
scufundat
His heart sank at the news - I s-a prabusit inima in
el la aflarea vestii.
His words finally sank in - Cuvintele lui au capatat
in sfarsit inteles.
Sink or swim + Te scufunzi sau inoti.
590. 118.Sit - Sat - Sat - A sta jos
Don't sit on the floor, pull up a chair. - Nu sta pe
jos, trage-ti un scaun.
Mz parrot sits on my shoulder + Papagalul imi sade
pe umar
Their house sits in a green vallez - Casa lor se afla
intr-o vale verde.
Little Miss Muffet sat on a tuffet + Mica Miss
Muffet sta pe un delusor
That doesn't sit well with me - Nu imi cade bine
asta
That stadium sits 30,000 people - Stadionul acela
are 30.000 de locuri.
Sit still! - Stai locului!
591. 119.Slay - Slew - Slain - A ucide
Ceasar was slain by his political adversaries - Cezar
a fost ucis de adversarii sai politici
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592. 120.Sleep - Slept - Slept - A dormi
I usually sleep until seven - Deobicei dorm pana la
7.
I slept like a log - Am dormit bustean
593. 121.Slide - Slid - Slid - A aluneca
Pentru a aluneca din greseala e mai uzual to slip
Children on a sled slid past - Copiii pe sanie au
trecut in zbor
He slid on the ice and broke his arm. - A alunecat
pe gheata si si-a rupt mana
Let it slide! - Las-o moarta! Treaca!
He slid the stolen watch into his pocket - Si-a bagat
ceasul furat in buzunar.
594. 122.Slit - Slit - Slit - A taia cu o lama (nu cu
un foarfece)
Cuvantul uzual e to cut
He got life in prison for slitting his neighbor's throat
- A primit inchisoare pe viata pentru ca a taiat gatul
vecinului sau.
595. 123.Smell - Smelt/Smelled - Smelt/Smelled -
A mirosi
We must all stop sometimes and smell the roses -
Toti trebuie sa ne oprim cateodata si sa mirosim
trandafirii.
Throw awaz this cheese, it smells. - Arunca branza
asta, miroase.
596. 124.Speak - Spoke - Spoken - A vorbi
She spoke at the gathering - A vorbit la adunare
They are not on speaking terms - Nu isi vorbesc
82
I speak in their name - Vorbesc in numele lor
Do you speak English? - Vorbesti engleza? Speak
out, don't be afraid! - Vorbeste cu curaj, nu-ti fie
frica!
Speak up, we can't hear you - Vorbeste mai tare, nu
te-auzim!
Speaking of pets, how's Fifi? - Apropo de animale
de companie, Fifi ce mai face?
597. 125.Speed - Sped/Speeded - Sped/Speeded -
A merge cu viteza, a accelera
Speed up! Step on it! - Grabeste-te! Calca
acceleratia!
Cars sped by - Masinile treceau in viteza
598. 126.Spell - Spelt/Spelled - Spelt/Spelled - A
spune un cuvant pe litere
Spell out your name, please - Spune-ti numele pe
litere te rog.
This could spell the end of the European Union -
Acest lucru ar putea marca sfarsitul Uniunii
Europene.
599. 127.Spend - Spent - Spent - A cheltui
You spend to much - Cheltuiesti prea mult!
How much time do you spend with your family? -
Cat timp petreci cu familia?
Where will you spend your vacation? - Unde iti vei
petrece vacanta?
600. 128.Spill - Spilt/Spilled - Spilt/Spilled - A
varsa
I spilled some juice on my blouse. - Mi-am varsat
niste suc pe bluza.
The beads spilt onto the floor - Margelele s-au
imprastiat pe podea.
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601. 129.Spin - Span/Spun - Spun - A se invarti
(ca un titirez), a toarce
My great grandmother could spin very well. We
still have her spinning wheel - Strabunica mea
torcea foarte bine. Inca avem masina ei de tors.
We play football with our fingers by spinning coins.
- Jucam fotbal cu degetele, invartind monezi.
She spins wonderful stories - Ea spune niste povesti
minunate.
My head is spinning - Ma simt ametit (mi se invarte
capul)
602. 130.Spit - Spat/Spit - Spat/Spit - A scuipa
Stop spitting out the medicine! - Nu mai scuipa
medicamentele!
He is constantly spitting out nsults - Tot timpul el
arunca (scuipa) insulte.
603. 131.Split - Split - Split - A taia, a imparti
Will you please split the watermelon in two? - Vrei
te rog sa tai pepenele in doua?
I will split the cake equally - Voi imparti tortul in
mod egal.
604. 132.Spoil - Spoilt/Spoiled - Spoilt/Spoiled -
A alinta, a se strica
You spoil that child too much! - Alinti copilul prea
mult.
The milk has spoilt - Laptele s-a stricat
605. 133.Spread - Spread - Spread - A intinde
Would you like to spread butter on your toast? - Ti-
ar place sa intinzi unt pe painea prajita?
83
Please spread out the tablecloth - Te rog intinde fata
de masa.
The news spread fast - Vestea s-a raspandit repede.
Take a picture when the eagle spreads its wings. -
Fa o poza cand vulturul isi intinde aripile.
606. 134.Spring - Sprang - Sprung - A sari (din
ghemuit, ca un arc)
The tiger sprang from the bushes - Tigrul a sarit din
tufisuri
Small stores are springing up everywhere -
Magazine mici apar (ca din senin) peste tot.
She has a spring to her step lately - Se simte o
vioiciune deosebita (o bucurie) in mersul ei in
ultima vreme.
An idea sprang into my mind - Mi-a venit o idee in
minte.
607. 135.Stand - Stood - Stood - A sta in picioare
Stand still! - Nu te misca!
All the seats on the bus were taken, so I stood the
whole time. - Toate locuri din autobuz erau luate
asa ca am stat in picioare tot timpul.
The old house is still stnding - Vechea casa inca mai
exista
Does the agreement still stand? - Mai e valabila
intelegerea?
His paintings stood the test of time - Picturile lui au
rezistat trecerii timpului, sunt inca celebre.
I can't stand math - Nu suport matematica.
They stood by me in tough times - Ei m-au sustinut
in vremuri grele.
I stand for Women's Rights - Sustin drepturile
femeilor.
The republic for which it stands - Republica pe care
o reprezinta.
A flamingo stands on one leg - Un flamingo sta intr-
un picior.
Please stand up! - Va rog sculati-va in picioare.
83

608. 136.Steal - Stole - Stolen - A fura
He stole my wallet - Mi-a furat portofelul!
He stole the show - A fost de departe cel mai bun
numar din spectacol.
He stole a glance - S-a uitat pe furis
609. 137.Stick - Stuck - Stuck - A lipi, a infige
He stuck a pin into the pin cushion - A infipt un
bold in perna de ace.
I am stuck in this boring job - Sunt prins in aceasta
slujba plicticoasa.
The door is stuck - Usa e intepenita.
Let's stick together! - Hai sa ramanem uniti!
I will stick a note on his door - Ii voi lasa un biletel
la usa.
610. 138.Sting - Stung - Stung - A intepa
I once was stung by a bee - Am fost odata muscat
de o viespe.
The smoke made my eyes sting - Fumul facea sa ma
intepe ochii.
A stinging remark - O remarca usturatoare.
611. 139.Stink - Stank - Stunk - A mirosi urat
Flowers in vases can end up stiking - Florile din
vaze pot in cele din urma sa puta.
This deal stinks - Aceasta intelegere imi displace
profund (pute)
612. 140.Stride - Strode/Strided - Stridden - A
merge cu pasi lungi si vigurosi
A merge se zice to walk
He was striding to the airport terminal - Mergea la
termnalul aeroportului.
84
613. 141.Strike - Struck - Struck/Stricken - A
lovi
The bullet struck him in the arm - Glontul l-a lovit
in brat
He strikes me as kind person - Mi se pare o
persoana de treaba
The clock struck midnight - Ceasul a batut mizul
noptii.
To strike a bell - A bate clopotul
The speaker struck a chord in many - Vorbitorul a
atins o coarda sensibila in multi ascultatori.
In the Middle Ages many were struck down by the
plague - In Evul Mediu multi erau loviti de ciuma.
614. 142.String - Strung - Strung - A insira
String e fir. Multe actiuni legate de fire se traduc
prin to string.
I have to string my guitar - Trebuie sa-mi acordez
chitara
They strung an electrical wire across the street. - Au
intins un cablu electric de-a lungul drumului.
I have to string these beas back. - Trebuie sa pun
margeleleacestea inapoi pe sfoara.
615. 143.Strive - Strove - Striven - A se zbate (in
sens pozitiv), a depune un mare efort
I strive to be the best teacher - Ma lupt sa fiu cea
mai buna profesoara.
Strive for the stars - Zbate-te sa ajungi la stele.
616. 144.Swear - Swore - Sworn - A jura, a
injura
I swear allegiance to my country, Romania. - Jur
credinta tarii mele, Romania
I swear I didn't eat the cake - Jur ca n-am mancat
84

tortul
He was swearing and cursing everyone around - Ii
injura si ii blestema pe toti cei din jur.
Don't swear at him! - Nu il mai injura pwe el!
617. 145.Sweat - Sweat/Sweated - Sweat/Sweated
- A transpira
I sweat bullets when I work out - Transpir din greu
(gloante) cand ma antrenez.
618. 146.Sweep - Swept/Sweeped -
Swept/Sweeped - A matura
Let me sweep the kitchen - Lasa-ma sa matur in
bucatarie
The flood waters swept away everything in their
path.- Inundatia a maturat totul din calea ei.
The hills sweep down to the sea. - Dealurile coboara
pana la mare.
619. 147.Swell - Swelled - Swollen - A se umfla
The river is swelling - Raul se umfla
Your face is swollen - Ai fata umflata
620. 148.Swim - Swam - Swum - A inota
I swam 50 laps - Am inotat 50 de lungimi de bazin.
I dream of swimming in money someday - Visez ca
intr-o zi sa inot in bani
621. 149.Swing - Swung - Swung - A (se)legana
The monkey was swinging from its tail - Maimuta
se legana atarnata de coada.
He doesn't swing his arms when walking - Nu isi
leagana bratele cand merge.
85
He came swinging down the road, whistling a tune -
Venea vesel pe drum fluierandu-si o melodie
622. 150.Take - Took - Taken - A lua
Did you take your medicine today? - Ti-ai luat azi
doctoriile?
Take a bus to school - Du-te cu autobuzul la scoala
His reactions always take me by surprise - Reactiile
lui totdeauna ma iau prin surprindere.
He took her hand in marriage - El s-a insurat cu ea.
He took a seat - A luat loc
Take a picture - Fa o poza
Take your time - Nu te grabi
Take comfort in your daughter - Gasestte-ti
consolarea in fata ta.
Take a left and your there - Fa-o la stanga si ai
ajuns.
You should take your temperature - Ar trebui sa-ti
iei temperatura
Take a walk - Du-te la plimbare
Take a break - Fa o pauza.
Take down the curtains - Da jos perdelele
Take off your coat - Scoate-ti haina
Can you please take out this splinter? - Poti te rog
sa-mi scoti aceasta aschie?
He took off - Aplecat in graba
As I take it, he's not coming home - Dupa cate
inteleg eu, el nu vine acasa.
623. 151.Teach - Taught - Taught - A invata pe
altii
Can you teach me English? - Ma poti invata
engleza?
He taught History all his life. - Toata viata el a
predat istoria.
624. 152.Tear - Tore - Torn - A rupe
The nail tore a hole in my sock - Cuiul mi-a facut o
gaura in ciorap
85

After reading that article he tore the newspaper to
pieces - Dupa ce a citit articlul a rupt ziarul in
bucati
They will tear down this building - Vor demla
aceasta cladire.
A country torn by rival political parties - O tara
sfasiata de partide politice rivale.
The dog tore into the food - Cainele s-a repezit la
mancare
625. 153.Tell - Told - Told - A spune (u sensul de
a povesti)
Tell us a story! - Spune-ne o poveste!
Tell me what happened - Spune-mi ce s-a intamplat
Tell me anbout the trip - Povesteste-mi despre
excursie.
I'll tell you a secret - Iti spun un secret
Could you tell if he was lying? - Iti dadeai seama
daca minte?
I can't tell who's coming, it's too dark. - Nu-mi dau
seama cine vine, e prea intuneric.
626. 154.Think - Thought - Thought - A gandi, a
crede
I thought about what you said - M-am gandit la ce
ai spus.
I thik you are right - Cred ca ai dreptate
He thinks he is smart. - Se crede destept.
What do you think your doing? - Ce faci? (Ce iti
inchipui ca faci?) I am thinking about you - Ma
gandesc la tine.
627. 155.Thrive - Throve/Thrived -
Thriven/Thrived - A merge infloritor
That plant thrives in the shade - Plantei aceea ii
merge infloritor la umbra.
My business is thriving - Afacerii mele ii merge
infloritor
86
628. 156.Throw - Threw - Thrown - A arunca
My dog wanted me to throw the ball - Catelul meu
vroia sa arunc mingea.
He threw me a glance - Mi-a aruncat o privire
He threw away the left-overs. - A aruncat mancarea
ramasa
He threw out the garbage - A dus gunoiul (l-a scos
din casa)
He trew up - A vomitat
629. 157.Thrust - Thrust - Thrust - A vari
He thrust his hands into his pockets - Si-a varat
mainile in buzunar.
He thrut his sword into the enemy - Si-a varat sabia
in dusman
630. 158.Tread - Trod - Trodden - A merge cu
pasi grei peste ceva
He tread through the forest with heavy feet nd a
heavy heart - A mers prin paduce cu picioare grele
si cu inima la fel.
631. 159.Understand - Understood - Understood
- A intelege
I understand your point of view - Iti inteleg punctul
de vedere
I don't uderstand this theorem - Nu inteleg aceasta
teorema
I uderstand this is unexpected. - Inteleg ca e ceva
neasteptat
632. 160.Upset - Upset - Upset - A necaji, a
supara, a rasturna
He upset the vase and it broke - A rasturnat vaza
care s-a spart.
86

Stop upsetting your brother - Nu-l mai necaji pe
fratele tau
Why is he so upset? - De ce e el atat de suparat?
633. 161.Wake - Woke - Woken - A trezi
Wake me up in an hour - Scoala-ma peste-un ceas
That moment was for me a wake up call -
Momentul acela a fost pentru mine unul de trezire.
Romanian, wake up from the sleep of death -
Desteapta-te romane din somnul cel de moarte
634. 162.Wear - Wore - Worn - A purta
On her head she wore a yellow ribbon - Purta pe
cap o funda galbena
Wear a cold it's freezing outside - Poarta o haina e
foarte frig afara
He wears glasses - El poarta ochelari
I will wait until the alcohol has worn off - Am sa
astept pana se duce efectul alcoolului.
Children can wear you out - Copiii te pot epuiza
My car is so worn down I am afraid to drive it
sometimes - Masina mea e atat de uzata incat uneori
mie frica sa o conduc
635. 163.Weave - Wove - Woven - A tese, a
impleti
A impleti par - to plait hair.
She weaves rugs - Ea tese covoare
He weaves baskets - El impleteste cosuri
The writer wove his memories into the plot -
Scriitorul a intercalat amintirile proprii in poveste
636. 164.Wed - Wed/Wedded - Wed/Wedded - A
(se) casatori
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I wed when I was 20. - M-am casatorit la 20 de ani.
I wed David - M-am casatorit cu David.
We need a minister to wed us. - Ne trebuie un preot
care sa ne casatoreasca.
637. 165.Weep - Wept - Wept - A plange amar
They wept when they remembered all their freinds
killed in the war - Au plans cand si-au amintit de
toti prietenii lor morti in razboi.
638. 166.Wet - Wet/Wetted - Wet/Wetted - A
umezi
Wet the sponge, please. - Umezeste te rog buretele
He still wets the bed at night, although he is 9 - Inca
mai uda noaptea patul desi are noua ani.
639. 167.Win - Won - Won - A castiga
She won the competition - A castigat concursul.
Her speech won over many listners - Discursul ei a
castigat pe multi ascultatori.
640. 168.Wind - Wound - Wound - A (se) incolaci
I have to wind my watch - Trebuie sa imi intorc
ceasul.
Where does this path that winds up the mountain
take me? - Unde ma duce aceasta carare care
serpuieste in sus pe munte?
You'll wind up in a bear's cave. - Ai sa nimeresti
intr-o pestera de urs.
641. 169.Wring - Wrung - Wrung - A stoarce
A nu se confunda cu to ring (care se citeste la fel) -
a suna.
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He was wringing his hands in dispair - El isi frangea
mainile de disperare
The washing machine will wring out the water. -
Maina de spalat va stoarce apa.
642. 170.Write - Wrote - Written - A scrie
to heat - (a incalzi, caldura)
to help (a ajuta, ajutor)
to laugh (a rade, ras)
to search (a cauta, o expeditie de cautare)
to talk (a vorbi, cuvantare)
to walk (a merge, plimbare) to work (a munci,
munca)

He writes poems - El scrie poezii.

Let me write you a check - Sa-ti completez un cec.
He wrote to us that he would come visit - Ne-a scris
ca va veni sa ne viziteze
Write down what I'm about to tell you - Scrie ce am
de gand sa-ti spun.
643. Verbe care au aceeasi radacina deobicei au si
aceleasi forme neregulate.
645. Verbele de mai sus sunt cateva verbe care sunt
identice ca substantive. Exista si verbe care se scriu
la fel dar ca substantive au accentul altfel decat la
verbe.
To export - (a exporta, export)
To record - (a inregistra, inregistrare)
To present - (a prezenta, cadou)

put – input – output 646. Terminatia - ment

sau Substantive abstracte provenite din verbe:
cast – forecast – broadcast
sau chiar to excite - a entuziasma
stand – understand excitment - entuziasm

to enjoy - a se bucura enjoyment - bucurie

7.SUBSTANTIV, ADJECTIV,
VERB - SCHIMBAREA 647. Terminatia - tion sau - ion
CATEGORIEI Substantive provenite din verbe

To comunicate - A comunica
Communication - Comunicare
644. Multe verbe sunt si substantive.
Adica infinitivul scurt(fara to) al verbului e si To pollute - A polua
substantiv. Pollution - Poluare
De exemplu:
To admit - A admite, a recunoaste
back – a sprijini, spate Admission - Recunoastere
to cook – a gati, bucatar
to cut - (a taia, taietura)
to drink - (a bea/bautura)
648. Terminatia - er, - or sau - ist
to fall - (a cadea, cazatura)<
Substantive provenite din verbe si care reprezinta
to fish - (a pescui, peste)
meserii:
to hate - (a uri, ura)
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to teach - a invata pe altii

teacher - invatator, profesor
652. Terminatia - al
to run - a alerga Substantive provenite din verbe:
runner - alergator
Atentie! In romaneste acest mod de a construi
to act - a juca in piese substantive e automat:
actor - actor da - dare, veni - venire, alerga - alergare
In engleza nu exista decat rar aceasta constructie cu
to translate - a traduce - al
translator - , economist Ea poate fi inlocuita de constructia cu: - ing
Plecarea in vacanta a fost grea - Plecatul in vacanta
to economize - a economisi a fost greu
economist - economist Leaving for vacation was hard

Atentie! Multe adjective deasemeni au terminatia al

649. Terminatiile - er, - ee desemneaza ubstantive arrival - sosire

care contrasteaza unul cu celalalt refusal - refuz
denial - negare
employer - angajator burial - ingropare
employee - angajat

653. Terminatia - ness

650. Terminatia - ing Substantive abstracte provenite din adjective:
Gerunziile verbelor pot fi folosite ca substantive.
Laziness - lene
To sleep - a dormi Hapiness - fericire
Sleeping bag - Sac de dormit - adjrctiv Sadness - tristete
Sleeping is vital for our health - Dormitul e vital Kindness - bunatate
pebntru sanatatea noastra - substantiv.
Obs: si sleep is vital for our health era corect.

Learning can be tiresome - Invatatul poate fi 654. Terminatia - hood

obositor. Creeaza substantive abstracte provenite din alte
Eating all day is dangerous - Mancatul toata ziua e substantive
periculos Mai ales termeni legati de familie (dar nu numai):
Singing is fun - Cantatul e distractiv.
motherhood - maternitate
childhood - copilarie
brotherhood - fratie
651. Terminatia - ist/ism dar si
Ca si in romaneste desemneaza oameni/ideologii priesthood - preotie
neighborhood - vecibnatate
marxist/marxism
communist/communism
terrorist/terrorism
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655. Terminatia - ship 659. Terminatia - ly

Substantive abstracte care desemneaza o relatie si Adjective provenite din substantive
care provin din alte substantive sau din adjective. Aceasta terminatie insa este tipica pentru adverbe
nu pentru adjective.
friendship - prietenie
membership - calitatea de a fi membru daily - zilnic
partnership - partenariat friendly - prietenos
monthly - lunar
hardship - greutati bodily - care tine de corp
hard -greu (adjectiv)

660. Terminatia - ful

656. Terminatia - ty: Adjective provenite din substantive
Substantive abstracte provenite din adjective: Full of – pline de

honesty - onestitate joyful - full of joy - cu fericire

loyalty - loialitate careful - full of care - grijuliu
priority - prioritate graceful - full of grace - gratios
majority - majoritate delightful - full of delight - incantator
beautiful - full of beauty - frummoasa

657. Un adjectiv
661. Terminatia - less Adjective provenite din
Poate proveni de la substantive
- un substantiv (day - daily - zilnic, fur - furry - cu Less - fara
blana)
- un verb (fishing, melted) homeless - fara locuinta
a homeless beggar - un cersetor fara locuinta
sau poate fi chiar el baza pentru formarea he is homeless - el e fara locuinta
- unui alt adjectiv (red-reddish) powerless - fara putere
- unui verb (red-redden; danger-endanger) faithless - fara credinta
- unui substantiv (tall - tallness) meaningless - fara sens

658. Terminatia - al 662. Cuvintele terminate in y schhimba pe y in i

Adjective provenite din substantive: inaintea sufixelor: ful, less, ous

accidental plentiful, penniless

brutal dar nu daca inaintea lui y este o vocala
regional playful, joyful, joyless
universal
personal

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663. Terminatia - ary
Adjective provenite din substantive
Sunt legate de o insusire sau de un loc
customary - conform obiceiului
momentary - de moment, efemer
Here, it is customary to take your shoes off in the
house - Aici, este obiceiul de a te descalta in casa
664. Terminatia - ic
Adjective provenite din substantive
athletic - atletic
basic - fundamental
historic - istoric
665. Terminatia - ical
Adjective provenite din substantive
magic, magical - magic logical - logic historical -
istoric
666. historic si historical
Diferenta este ca historic inseamna important,
monumental pe cand historical inseamna legat de
istorie
667. Substantive pot fi adjective, adica pot descrie
un alt substantiv.
Ca orice adjectiv ele trebuie puse in fata
substantivului la care se refera.
De multe ori ele se folosesc in romaneste cu
prepozItia de:
in alte cazuri pe romaneste nu se foloseste de: baby
food – mancare pentru copii. health diet – dieta
sanatoasa yard table – masa din curte
1.Unele combinatii sunt consacrate
classroom - sala de clasa
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apple juice – suc de mere
cheese sandwich -sendvis de branza
snowstorm – furtuna de zapada
snowman – om de zapada
tree branch – ramura de copac
skyscraper – zgarietor de nori (zgarie nori)
computer screen – monitor de calculator
mountain bike – bicicleta de munte (montana)
football – minge de picior (fotbal)
paper airplane – avion de hartie
Altele pot fi facute de vorbitor pentru a preciza
despre care substantiv vorbeste:
the forest river – raul de padure
the emerald forest – padurea de smarald
the office car – masina de birou
a sarmale meal – o mancare de sarmale
the Voronet painting – pictura de Voronet
668. In putine cazuri aceste substantive devenite
adjective pot fi cuvinte cu totul noi:
ladybug - gargarita
butterfly - fluture
dragonfly - libelula
pineapple - ananas
eggplant - vanata
669. Aceste substanticve devenite adjective isi pierd
caracteristicile sustantivale si ca orice adjectiv in
engleza nu accepta plural:
housse plant – planta de casa
house plants – plante de casa.
670. Terminatia - ish
De multe ori are terminatia - esc in romaneste
Poate fi folosita si la culori. Deobicei nu e folosit in
sens pozitiv.
childish - copilaresc - simplu, fara maturitate
foolish - prostesc
childish - copilaresc
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selfish - egoist lacul inghetat (de la a ingheta) – the frozen lake

bluish - albastriu peretele zugravit – the painted wall
merele cumparate – the bought apples
varza umpluta – stuffed cabage

671. Terminatia - like

Inseamna asemeni Deobicei e folosit in sens pozitiv.
childlike - ca un copil - inocent, dragut
lifelike - in marime naturale, ca in viata
ladylike - care e potrivit pentru o doamna
godlike - asemeni lui Dumnezeu
676. Unele verbe au doua forme de participiu, de
exemplu: shave are si shaved si shaven.
Ca adjectiv se foloseste forma neregulata.
He has shaved his beard. - El si-a ras barba
He is clean shaven - El este complet ras.

672. Terminatia - ous

677. Terminatia - ing:
glamorous - incantator Adjective formate din gerunziul verbelor
dangerous - periculos
poisonous - otravitor sleeping dog - caine care doarme
sleeping bag – sac de dormit
talking movies – filme care vorbesc
(filmele sonore din epoca cinematografului mut)
673. Terminatia - y talking parrot - papagal vorbitor

rainy - ploios
a rainy day - o zi ploioasa
funny - nostim 678. Terminatia - able:
sunny - insorit Deobicei aceste adjectiv in romaneste au terminatia
furry - cu blana abil

agreeable - agreabil
expandable - expandabil
674. Numeralele deasemeni pot actiona ca adjective remarkable - remarcabil
In cazul acesta substantivul pierde pe s adica devine likable - placut
la singular.

a 100 page document - un document de 100 de

pagini 679. Terminatia - ible:
a 20 day diet - un regim de 20 de zile Deobicei aceste adjectiv in romaneste au terminatia
a 10 foot ladder - o scara de 10 picioare ibil

sensible - intelept (nu inseamna sensibil)

flexible - flexibil
675. Ca si in romaneste adjective pot fi formate de accessible - accesibil
participiul unui verb

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680. Terminatia - ent: 684. Adverbele care determina un adjectiv, stau

Deobicei aceste adjectiv in romaneste au tot totdeauna in fata adjectivului
terminatia ent Astfel de adverbe sunt very - foarte, quite - destul
de, absolutely - foarte etc
excellent - excelent Very poate sa fie si adjectiv cu intelesul de chiar.
urgent - urgent This is the very example I need - Acesta este chiar
different - diferit exemplul de care am nevoie.

A very big dog - Un caine foarte mare

A very rainy day - O zi foarte ploaiasa
681. Terminatia - ant:
Deobicei aceste adjectiv in romaneste au tot This is a very tall man - Acest barbat e foarte inalt
terminatia ant This man is quite tall - Acest barbat e destul de inalt

pleasant - placut He's absolutely delighted - El e cu desavarsire

reliant - dependent incantat.
ignorant - ignorant
vacant - vacant quite de multe ori e folosit ca eufemism pentru very.
A doua propozitie putand insemna si ca barbatul
respectiv e foarte inalt.
682. Terminatia - ive:
Deobicei aceste adjectiv in romaneste au tot
terminatia iv 685. Adverbele englezesti se grupeaza in adverbe de
mod, de loc, de timp de frecventa si de scop.
attractive - atractiv
creative - creativ Adverbele cateodata pot fi puse in multe locuri in
secretive - scretos propozitie, cateodata nu.
informative - informativ Ele au trei locuri in propozitie unde e posibil sa-si
aiba locul.
- pozitia initiala (inaintea subiectului)
- pozitia de mijloc (intre subiect si verb sau imediat
8.ADVERBUL inainte de verbul to be daca e cazul)
- pozitia finala(la sfarsitul propozitiei)

683. Adverbul este partea de vorbire care arata o

caracteristica a unei actiuni, a unei stari sau a unei 686. Adverbe de mod
calitati slowly - incet
Ele determina verbe, adjective sau alte adverbe. carefully - atent
Un adverb trebuie sa raspunda la una din awfully - teribil
intrebarile : Cum? Cand? Unde?
A citit incet scrisoarea
Ma duc degraba la gara. Cum ma duc? Degraba este Toate urmatoarele formulari sunt corecte
adverb pe langa un verb.
Slowly, he read the letter
He slowly read the letter
He read the letter slowly
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A deschis cu grija plicul

Toate urmatoarele formulari sunt corecte 689. Adverbe de frecventa
always - totdeauna
Carefully, he opened the envelope already - deja
He carefully opened the envelope never - niciodata
He opened the envelope carefully seldom - rareori
usually - deobicei
El este teribil de trist - He is awfully sad
Daca verbul este to be si nu este un timp compus,
deobicei se pune dupa be.
La timpurile compuse ele se intercaleaza.
687. Adverbe de loc La verbele celelalte aceste adverbe se pune inaintea
here - aici verbului.
there - acolo
behind - in spate I am usually on time – Deobicei ajung la timp.
above - deasupra I have never seen this movie - Nu am vazut
In general aceste adverbe se pun la sfarsit, mai rar niciodata acest film.
se pun si inaintea subiectului. I often dream of him – De multe ori il visez.

We met him here. - L-am intalnit aici

We stayed there. - Am stat acolo
690. Adverbele de frecventa
In aceste doua cazuri, adverbele nu pot fi asezate in occasionally - din cand in cand
alta parte in propozitie. frequently - mereu
usually - deobicei
sometimes - cateodata
Se pot pune inaintea subiectului.
688. Adverbe de timp
now - acum Cateodata, am nevoie de o vacanta.
then - atunci I sometimes need a vacation
yesterday - ieri Sometimes I need a vacation
In general aceste adverbe se pun la sfarsit, mai rar
se pun si inaintea subiectului. Deobicei, alerg repede
Usually I run fast
Now listen to a story - Acum asculta o poveste I usually run fast
Listen to the story now - Asculta povestea acum.

He went fishing yesterday - S-a dus la pescuit ieri

Yesterday he went fishing - Ieri s-a dus la pescuit. 691. Adverbele de frecventa
Constructia romaneasca - S-a dus ieri la pescuit - occasionally - din cand in cand
NU se poate respecta rarely - rareori
deci often - ades
He went yesterday fishing e GRESIT. Se pot pune si la sfarsit.
Aceasta propozitie da impresia ca yesterday e un
adjectiv adica exista un mod de a pescui numit Il vizitez ades
yesterday. I often visit him.
I visit him often.
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sau
No I haven't ever seen him.
692. Adverbe de frecventa in propozitiile No, I have seldom/rarely seen him
negative
se intercaleaza astfel:

I don't always do my homework. - Nu imi fac 696. Adverbe de mod

intotdeauna temele. Daca un adverb raspunde la intrebarea CUM atunci
I must never leave the door unlocked - Nu trebuie este adverb de mod.
niciodata sa las usa neincuiata Deobicei aceste adverbe se formeaza adaugand -ly
I am not always happy - Nu sunt totdeauna fericit. la un adjectiv.

He drives slowly – El conduce incet.

693. Adverbe de frecventa in propozitiile
interogative
se intercaleaza astfel:
Do you often listen to music? - Asculti deseori
muzica?
Can you always tell who is singing? - Totdeauna iti
dai seama cine canta?
Haven't you ever been wrong?- Nu te-ai inselat
niciodata?
694. Spre deosebire de limba romana in limba
engleza nu se fac doua negatii in propozitie.
Niciodata nu a cantat tradus se spune Niciodata a
cantat: He never sang.
De aceea adverbele never - niciodata, seldom -
rareori, rarely - rareori nu se folosesc in propozitii
negative (propozitii cu not).
He never went to school - Niciodata nu a mers la
scoala
He seldom eats alone - Rareori mananca singur
I rarely see him - Il vad rareori.
Cum conduce? - Incet (adverb)
dar
He is a slow driver. - El e un sofer inceti
slow - adjectiv
slowly - adverb
697. Cateva adverbe de mod des intalnite
quickly - repede - quick(adjectiv)
The car quiickly turned right - Masina a virat repede
la dreapta.
frightfully - nespus de, inspaimantator de - frightful
(adjectiv)
He is frightfully sad - El e inspaimantator de trist.
unexpectedly - pe neasteptate -
unexpected(adjectiv)
He unexpectedly opened the door - A deschis pe
neasteptate usa
suddenly - brusc - sudden(adjectiv)
Suddenly, I realized I didn't know him - Deodata
mi-am dat seama ca nu il cunosc.

698. Exista un numar mic de adverbe de mod care

nu au terminatia -ly
695. In propozitii interogative si negative never
devine ever. fast - repede
hard - greu
Have you ever seen him? - L-ai vazut vreodata? late - cu intarziere
No I have never seen him - Nu nu l-am vazut straight - drept
niciodata. well - bine
95

He walks fast. - El merge repede
fast poate fi si adjectiv
A fast car sped by. - O masina iute a trecut in viteza
He went straight home - S-a dus drept acasa
straight poate fi si adjectiv
He draws straight lines. - El trage linii drepte
699. Hard este un adjectiv (cu intelesul de tatre)
care poate deveni hardly ca adverb avand sensul de
abia.
Dar poate ramane si hard ca adverb cu intelesul de
dificil.
La fel late (tarziu) si lately (in ultimul timp)
He hardly shows up. - Abia il vedem (la lucru)
He works hard. - El munceste din greu.
He arrived late. - A sosit tarziu
Lately, he couldn't seem to be on time for anything -
In ultimul timp, parea ca nu ajunge la timp pentru
nimic.
700. Adjectivul good - bun nu formeaza adverb.
Adverbul este well - bine
Ai facut o treaba buna – You did a good job.
Ai facut treaba bine - You did the job well.
701. Verbul to taste - a gusta cere -ly pentru adverb:
Verbul to taste – a avea gust insa nu cere.
Aceeasi regula se aplica pentru to smell - a mirosi si
to smell – a avea un miros.
Deasemeni pentru to look - a privi si to look - a
arata.
Si pentru feel - a pipai si feel - a simti.
At the king's orders, the servant obiediently tasted
the food - La ordinul regelui, servitorul ascultator a
gustat mancarea
This food tastes fine, he said. - Aceasta mancare
are gust normal, spuse el.
I smell badly – Nu miros bine (cu nasul) (Nu am un
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bun simt al mirosului)
This fish smells bad. - Acest peste miroase rau
She looked angrily at me - S-a uitat suparata la
mine.
She looks beautiful. - Arata foarte frumoasa
The blind man gently felt things with his fingers. -
Barbatul orb pipaia usor lucrurile cu degetele
I feel happy we are leaving. - Sunt bucuros ca
plecam.
702. Adjectivele care au deja terminatia -ly raman
neschimbate ca advrbe.
Ele nu mai primesc inca un ly. lovely - incantator
lonely - singuratic
motherly - ca o mama
friendly - prietenos
neighbourly - ca un bun vecin.
She sings lovely - Canta incantator (adverb,
defineste un verb)
She has a lovely voice - Are o voce incantatoare
(adjectiv, defineste un subtantiv)
He is a lonely man - E un barbat singuratic
That was a lonely walk - A fost o plimbare
singuratica
703. Unele adjective care se termina in e, nu
primesc - ly ci intai este indepartat e-ul:
true - truly - cu adevarat
whole - wholly - intreg
nice - nicely
polite - politely
She draws nicely also she makes nice watercolors. -
Ea deseneaza frumos, deasemeni are acuarele
frumoase.
Your idea is truly good - Ideea ta e cu adevarat buna
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704. La formarea adverbului din adjective, daca
adjectivul se termina in - y, inlaturam y-ul si
adaugam ily.
crazily - cu nebunie
happily - cu fericire
The actor crazily read his part, waving his arms and
shouting at the top of his voice. - Actorul si-a citit
cu nebunie rolul, dand din brate si strigand cat il lua
gura.
The parrot happily flew away - Papagalul a zburat
cu fericire in departari.
705. Daca adjectivul se termina in - ic adaugam
-ically.
ironically - cu ironie
enthusiastically - cu entuziasm
He enthusiastically clapped to the music - Cu
entuziasm a batut din palme in ritmul muzicii.
706. Ca si adjectivele, adverbele au grade de
comparatie.
Pentru adverbele terminate in -ly folositi comparatia
cu more si most:
I can yell, you can yell more loudly than me but he
can yell the most loudly. - Eu pot sa tip, tu poti sa
tipi mai tare ca mine dar el tipa cel mai tare.
desi adjectivul are formele loud - louder - the
loudest.
I have a fast car and I want more than a faster car. I
want the fastest car around - Eu am o masina rapida
si vreau mai mult decat o masina mai rapida. Vreau
cea mai rapida masina existenta.
We are all healing - Toti ne insanatosim
I am doing well, you are doing better and she is
doing the best - Eu ma simt bine, tu te simti si mai
bine iar ea se simte cel mai bine.
707. Cand se foloseste mai mult de un adverb,
ordinea normala e: de mod, de loc, de timp,
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The old man usually climbed cheerfully upstairs
everyday to peer from the watchtower. - Batranul
deobicei urca cu veselie la etaj zilnic ca sa se uite
din foisor.
708. Intensificatorii adverbiali sunt folositi ca
emfaza pe langa verbe.
Aceste expresii emfatice se folosesc in engleza
formala in cuvantari, prezentari sau in documente
scrise.
Iata cateva din aceste adverbe:
categorically - categoric, fara nicio rezerva
deeply - cu putere in sentiment, profund
enthusiastically - cu entuziasm
freely - fara ezitare
fully - in intregime, fara dubii
honestly - cu sinceritate
positively - fara dubii
readily - fara ezitare
sincerely - sincer, urari de bine
strongly - cu convingere
totally - fara dubii
utterly - fara dubii
9.PREPOZITIA
709. Prepozitiile sunt parti de vorbire care indica
legatura temporala spatiala sau logica dintre
substantive, pronume si alte cuvinte din propozitie.
Sunt invariabile si de cele mai multe ori in engleza
stau in fata unui substantiv.
710. In englezeste prepozitiile pot fi simple sau
compuse, adica formate dintr-unul sau mai multe
cuvinte
The toy is in the box and the box is next to the TV
set. - Jucaria e in cutie iar cutia este langa televizor
97

in - in (prepozitie simpla)
next to - langa (prepozitie compusa)
711. ON - prepozitie de timp - se foloseste pentru
a indica o zi a saptamanii sau o zi a anului.
I will go see him on Monday. - Ma duc sa-l vad
luni.
I was born on October 13. on Monday - M-am
nascut pe 13 octombrie, lunea.
712. IN - prepozitie de timp
– indica luna sau anotimpul
- indica perioada din zi
- indica anul
- indica peste cat timp va avea loc ceva
- in March - in martie
- in winter - iarna
- in the morning - dimineata
- in the evening - seara
- I will graduate in 2014 - Voi absolvi in 2014
- in an hour - intr-o ora
713. AT - prepozitie de timp
Se foloseste in legatura cu noaptea.
At night I hear voices. - Noaptea aud voci
714. SINCE – prepozitie de timp
Dintr-un moment trecut si pana acum.
Since World War 2 many things have changed.- De
la al Doilea Razboi Mondial multe s-au schimbat.
715. FOR – prepozitie de timp
Timp de: intr-o anumita perioada de timp, din trecut
si pana acum.
98
She has been away for two years - A fost plecata
timp de doi ani
716. FROM – prepozitie de timp
De la - marcheaza momentul de inceput al unei
actiuni.
I work starting from 6 in the evening - Muncesc
incepand de la 6 seara.
717. AGO – prepozitie de timp
– acum (numai legat de timp)
Two years ago - Acum doi ani
718. BEFORE – prepozitie de timp
– legat de timp inseamna inainte de o anumita data.
He was born before 1980. Before you leave –
Inainte sa pleci.
719. TO – prepozitie de timp
– are rolul lui fara din romana pentru exprimarea
timpului
12 fara 10, 10 to 12.
720. PAST – prepozitie de timp
- are rolul lui si din romana pentru exprimarea
timpului:
12 si 10 - 10 past 12
98

721. TILL/UNTIL – prepozitie de timp
- impreuna cu FROM formeaza combinatia: dela ...
pana la
- fara FROM inseamna pana.
Till si until sunt sinonime.
I study English from 6 to 7 everyday. - Studiez
engleza de la 6 la 7 zilnic.
He has until Friday to finish the project. - Are pana
vineri sa-si termine proiectul?
Please stay indoors until the storm has passed. - Te
rog stai in casa pana trece furtuna.
722. BY – prepozitie de timp
– cel tarziu
- pana in
I will be back by six. - Ma intorc cel tarziu la 6.
By June I had learned to ride a bike. - Pana in iunie
invatasem sa merg pe bicicleta.
723. By spre deosebire de until indica o data limita
He has until Friday to finish the project - until este
pozitiv, arata tot intervalul de timp in care el poate
termina proiectul
He has by Friday to finish the project – are caracter
de avertizare
724. OVER – prepozitie de timp
over este numai in legatura cu trecutul.
In a century from now – este in viitor.
– over a century ago – acum peste un secol Over
time – de-a lungul timpului.
He stayed over the weekend – A stat (la noi) peste
weekend.
We talked over a cup of coffee - Am stat de vorba la
o ceasca de cafea.
99
725. OF – prepozitie de timp
- se foloseste la exprimarea datei.
The Fourth of July – Patru iulie
The first of December - Intai decembrie
He was born on the the 20th of May.- S-a nascut pe
20 mai.
726. AFTER – prepozitie de timp
- se foloseste la exprimarea orei
- inseamna dupa
10 after five. Cinci si zece
I am tired after I run – Sunt obosit dupa ce alerg.
Year after year – An dupa an.
727. DURING – prepozitie de timp
- in timpul.
During the day I play and at night I work. - In
timpul zilei ma joc si in timpul noptii muncesc.
During the concert, my cellphone rang – In timpul
concertului, mi-a sunat mobilul.
728. IN – prepozitie de loc
- in din romaneste
- cand actiunea este statica, se poate traduce cu intr-
un,intr-o
- partile corpului se folosesc cu in
- se foloseste la superlative.
- orasele mari sunt cu IN.
Obs:Pentru in autobuz, in tren, in avion vezi on
99

- I lost my keys in the car – Mi-am pierdut cheile in
masina.
- I found the keys in a pocket – Am gasit cheile intr-
un buzunar.
- in the arm – la brat.
- the most beautiful girl in the land – cea mai
frumoasa fata din tinut
- one in a thousand - unul dintr-o mie.
- in Paris, in Bucharest
729. Alte contexte pentru IN
Is Margaret in? Este Margareta acasa? Aici in este
de fapt adverb.
730. AT – prepozitie de loc
– inseamna la
Daca actiunea este statica se foloseste at.
Pentru verbe de miscare vezi to.
He's at the door - El e la usa.
He's at the railway station - E la gara.
I sat down at the table – M-am asezat la masa.
I'm at the library. - Sunt la biblioteca.
731. ON – prepozitie de loc
– se foloseste de asemeni la etaje
- TV, radio. internet
- autobuz, avion, tren
- on the table, the chair etc – pe masa, pe scaun etc
- on the left – pe (partea) stanga
- on the first floor – la primul etaj
- on TV – la TV.
- on the radio – la radio
- on the internet – pe internet
- I lost my keys on the bus, on the plane, on the
train.. - Mi-am pierdut cheile pe autobuz, in avion,
pe tren
100
732. BY/NEXT TO/BESIDE – prepozitie de loc
- langa, alaturi.
By, next to si beside sunt sinonime.
In the picture, my friend is standing by me. - In
poza prietena mea sta langa mine.
Stand by me! – Sprijina-ma (moral)!
733. BESIDES – prepozitie de loc
BESIDES nu trebuie confundat cu beside.
Besides poate fi tradus cu pe langa
Besides nu are sensul din Pe langa plapii fara sot
care este mai degraba by. By the odd numbered
poplars.
Pe langa matematica, iau si cursuri de fizica.-
Besides math I also take physics classes.
734. UNDER – prepozitie de loc
– sub
- poate avea si sens abstract.
- The dog is under the table - Cainele e sub masa
- Underground ants build entire cities. - Sub pamant
furnicile construiesc adevarate orase.
- This job is under me - inseamna ca aceasta slujba
nu este demna de mine.
- Under construction - in constructie.
- Under atac – atacat.
- Under arest – arestat.
735. UNDERNEATH – prepozitie de loc
- are acelasi inteles ca under dar subliniaza ideea de
ceva mic, complet acoperit de ceva mare.
Asemanator cu dedesubt.
Underneath se refera numai la lucruri fizice nu se
refera la situatii abstracte.
The money is underneath the book. - Banii sunt sub
carte.
100

736. BELOW – prepozitie de loc
– sub
Below arata ca ceva este mai jos decat altceva, nu
ca este neaparat sub un obiect material.
below zero temperature - sub 0 grade
Below the surface seaweed grows in abundance -
Sub suprafata (apei) algele cresc din abundenta.
The image below – imaginea de mai jos.
He is below average – El se afla sub medie.
737. OVER – prepozitie de loc
– peste
I will spread the blanket over the bed. - Voi intinde
patura peste pat
The bear went over the mountain – Ursul a trecut
peste munte.
A little over a kilometer – Putin peste un kilometru.
Walk over the bridge – Treci peste pod (traverseaza
podul)
He will get over it –ii va trece.
Over his head – peste intelegerea lui, prea destept
pentru el.
We quarelled over nothing – Ne-am certat pentru
nimic.
Over here – aici, over there – acolo.
738. ABOVE – prepozitie de loc
- deasupra.
Above este opusul lui Below iar Over este opusul
lui Under.
The room above (us). Camera de deasupra noastra.
5 degrees above 0 - 5 grade peste 0.
I try to stay above these quarrels – Incerc sa raman
deasupra acestor certuri.
739. ACROSS – prepozitie de loc
– peste, de-a curmezisul.
- de partea cealalta.
Over are intelesul de asezat peste ceva, across nu.
101
I live across the street – Locuiesc pe partea cealalta
a strazii.
I came across an old man in the forest. -Am dat
de/peste un batran in padure.
A hole 2 meters across sau 2 meters wide – O gaura
cu diametrul de 2 metri.
740. THROUGH – prepozitie de loc
- prin. Across este o miscare directa (to cross = a
traversa).
Through presupune ca si prin, un loc inchis.
I walked through the forest – Am mers prin padure.
I drove through the tunnel.
741. TO – prepozitie de loc
– la, catre.
Spre deosebire de AT care arata ca te afli undeva,
TO arata ca mergi spre acel loc.
I am going to the library. In 10 minutes I will be at
the library – Merg catre bibliteca. In 10 minute voi
fi la biblioteca.
He turned to me – S-a intors catre mine.
He worked them to exhaustion - I-a pus sa
munceasca pana la epuizare.
He was nursed back to health – A fost ingrijit pana
la insanatosire.
An answer to my question – Un raspuns la
intrebarea mea.
742. TO – prepozitie de loc
– in
Spre deosebire de in, into exprima patrunderea intr-
un spatiu.
Daca ideea nu este ca el este intr-un loc anume, se
zice to.
He went to the kitchen to get the salt - S-a dus in
bucatarie sa ia sarea.
. Go to your room! - Du-te in camera ta (esti
pedepsit)!
101
 102

He went deeper and deeper into the forest. - S-a
afundat din ce in ce mai adanc in padure.
-He went into the kitchen.- A intrat in bucatarie.
The prince was turned into a frog.- Printul s-a
transformatintr-o broasca
cu (la) vecini.
I'm with the peace movement – Sprijin (Sunt cu)
miscarea pacifista. trembling with fear – tremurand
de frica.
Sick with diabetes – bolnav de diabet.
Sick with an infection: Bolnav din cauza unei
infectii.

743. TOWARDS – prepozitie de loc

- spre
. Miscare intr-o directie dar cu aproximatie. 748. TO
- cu
Take 10 steps towards me. - Fa 10 pasi spre mine. - cateodata se traduce cu in
- dupa
- in onoarea - se foloseste si ca infinitiv fara verb
cand verbul se subintelege
744. BEFORE – prepozitie de loc
- inainte face to face: fata in fata
face pressed to the window – fata apasata in (de)
He stood before me in line – Era inaintea mea la geam
coada. They danced to the music – Au dansat dupa muzica.
According to his abilities – Potrivit/Dupa capcitatile
lui.
A toast to my guest - Un toast in onoarea
745. ONTO – prepozitie de loc musafirului meu.
- pe ceva mai sus decat restul I'll drink to that – Voi bea/inchina in onoarea acestei
idei
The dog jumped onto the chair – Cainele a sarit pe Sing if you want to. - Canta daca vrei (sa canti este
scaun. subinteles).
I hurt his feelings but I didn't mean to.- L-am jignit
dar nu am vrut (sa-l jignesc se subintelege)
746. ABOUT – prepozitie de loc
- in jurul
749. TOWARDS
There are flowers all about me. - Sunt flori peste tot - cateodata inseamna si fata de
in jurul meu.
Her feelings towards me – Sentimentele ei fata de
mine.
747. WITH
- cu
- in sprijinul 750. OF
- din cauza, de - ale, de
- in: Doctor of Law – doctor in drept, doctor of
I write with my left hand – Scriu cu mana stanga. medicine – doctor in medicina etc.
He came with a present – A venit cu un cadou. - din partea
He left the keys with the neighbors – A lasat cheile

102
 103

Observatie Cadoul e din partea lui, din partea apusul soarelui (ordin dat impotriva cuiva in zilele
dreapta etc se formeaza cu FROM. vestului salbatic).

the customs of Romania – obieiurile Romaniei

west of here – la vest de aici
dress of silk – rochie de matase 754. ABOUT
glass of wine – pahar de/cu vin, - despre
they were dying of hunger – mureau de foame - aprximativ
how nice of him! - ce dragut din partea lui
A book about parrots – O carte despre papagali
That happened about a year ago – Asta s-a
intamplat cam acum un an.
751. OFF He is about my age/height/weight – El este cam de
- de pe, din varsta/inaltimea/greutatea mea.

I got off the bus/the train/the boat/the plane – M-am

dat jos din autobuz/tren/vapor/avion.
I raised the book off the floor – Am ridicat cartea de 755. ABOUT TO
pe podea. - pe punctul:
Take this burden off my back – Ia-mi aceasta
greutatea din spate. I was about to miss the train – Am fost pe punctul
sa pierd trenul.

752. OFF se poate folosi si in alte contexte:

756. BETWEEN
He drove off – El a plecat cu masina. - printre, dintre,intre:
He dozed off – a atipit Totdeauna se foloseste BETWEEN in cazul a doua
He shaved off his beard – si-a ras barba. optiuni si nu AMONG.
Turn off the light/ the radio! Stinge lumina/radioul!
I took my clothes/socks/hat/shoes off – Mi-am scos This is between you and him. - Aceasta problema
hainele/ciorapii/palaria/pantofii. esteintre tine si el.
The show/wedding etc is off. - Spectacolul/nunta The choice between good and evil - Alegerea dintre
etc nu se mai tine. bine si rau.
We're off to see the wizard! The wonderful wizard I talked on the phone between classes. - In perioada
of Oz! - Am plecat sa-l vedem pe vrajitor! Pe dintre cursuri am vorbit la telefon.
minunatul vrajitor din Oz!
I'm off duty – Sunt in afara programului
757. AMONG:
- printre, dintre,intre. AMONG spre deosebire de
753. OUT OF: - (afara) din between arata apartenenta.
Daca sunt numai doua substantive implicate folositi
He got out of the car – A coborat din masina. between
What is the wooden statue made of? It's mafe out of
wood, silly!
He did it out of spite – A facut-o de ciuda.
Out of town by sundown – Afara din oras pana la
103

He is among the winners El se afla printre
castigatori.
The money was divided among the winners. Banii
s-aui impartit intre castigatori.
758. UPON - pe, asupra
The wrath of God be upon you – Fie mania lui
Dumnezeu asupra ta!
The little girl climbed upon her dad's shoulders. -
Fetita s-a urcat pe umerii tatalui ei.
The statue is upon a pedestal – Statuia este pe un
piedestal.
Combina up si on.
759. OVER – are si intelesul de terminat
Over and out – La radiourile vechi: Convorbire
terminata
The movie is over - Filmul s-a terminat
760. A nu se confunda TO cu TOO care inseamna
DEASEMENI sau cu TWO care inseamna DOI.
I too want to go with those two – Si eu vreau sa
merg cu cei doi.
761. FROM
- de la
- datorita
- de
A letter from my aunt. - O scrisoare de la matusa
mea.
I walked home from school – Am venit pe jos acasa
de la scoala.
Taking a book from the shelf – Luand o carte de pe
raft.
He collapsed from all the hard work. - S-a prabusit
datorita (de la) muncii istovitoare
104
She knows right from wrong – stie binele de rau.
It is 100 kilometers from here. - Este la 100 de mile
de aici.
762. Vorbitorii nativi de multe ori pun prepozitii la
sfarsitul frazei ceea ce poate incurca pe un strain
That's where I'm going to. - Acolo ma duc
De-acolo vin - That's where I'm coming from.
The money was not accounted for.- Banii nu au fost
explicati
Which class is he in? - In care clasa e?
What are you talking about? - Ce vorbesti
That is something I am aware of. - Sunt constient de
acest fapt.
10.CONJUNCTII
763. Conjunctiile leaga cuvinte de acelasi tip
gramatical.
Verbe cu verbe, substantive cu substantive.
Cele mai simple conjunctii, se folosesc la fel ca in
romana si sunt
si – AND
sau – OR
dar – BUT
deci (asa ca) – SO
Anne and Jane go to a movie - Anne si Jane merg la
film
Water and oil don't mix - Apa si uleiul nu se
amesteca
Do you want ham or cheese? - Vrei sunca sau
branza?
Are you coming or going? - Vii sau pleci?
I can't skate but I can ski - Nu pot sa patinez dar pot
sa schiez.
I am tall but you are taller - Eu sunt imalt dar tu esti
mai inalt
104
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It was late so I left If you are happy, clap you're hands. Daca esti vesel,
I was hungry so I ate bate din palme
sau
atunci bate din palme – then clap your hands.

764. ALTHOUGH/THOUGH
– desi.
- in alte contexte are intelesul de totusi sau desi.
Although it is late I am still at work - desi este
tarziu sunt inca la birou.
I can not come, I would like to though. - Nu pot sa
vin, mi-ar placea totusi (sa vin).
I can not come though I would like to - Nu pot sa
vin desi mi-ar placea
768. SINCE si SINCE WHEN
– de cand
SINCE nu se foloseste la interogativ
La interogativ se foloseste SINCE WHEN.
The boy is sad since his parrot flew away. - Baiatul
este trist de cand i-a zburat papagalul.
Since when do you swim? Since I was six.- De cand
inoti? De cand aveam sase ani.

765. AS
- ca 769. SINCE
– pe cand – are si intelesul de cum
– asa cum - din

as ...as Since you know everything, I won't tell you – Cum

– she is as cute as a button sau she is cute as a tu le stii pe toate nu iti spun.
button. - Ea este draguta ca un nasturas. She has been skiing since childhood – Ea a schiat
- clean as a pack of new pins - curat ca un pachet de din copilarie.
ace noi.
- happy as a skylark - fericita ca o ciocarlie
etc
Do as I do – Fa ca mine. 770. THAN
As I read on the lesson became easier – Pe cand - decat, ca
citeam lectia a devenit mai usoara.
He cannot come as you well know – Nu poate veni I am taller than you.- Eu sunt mai inalt ca tine.
asa cum bine sti. Better later than never - Mai bine mai tarziu decat
niciodata

766. BECAUSE
- pentru ca 771. UNLESS
- decat daca
Take your coat because it's cold outside – Ia-ti haina
pentru ca este frig afara Don't answer the door unless it rings three times. -
Sa nu raaspunzi la usa decat daca suna de trei ori.

767. IF
– daca, daca...atunci
105
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772. WHERE Both his dog and his cat sleep on his bed – Atat
- unde, acolo unde cainele cat si pisica lui dorm la el in pat.

Where are my eyeglasses? - Unde imi sant

ochelarii?
Where you left them. - Acolo unde i-ai lasat. 777. EITHER ... OR
He stays in hotels where rooms are cheap. - Sta in - sau...sau
hoteluri unde camerele sunt iefine.
He stays where rooms are cheap. - El sta acolo unde You either apologize for breaking the vase or you
camerele sunt ieftine. buy it. - Sauiti ceri scuze ca ai spart vasul sau il
cumperi.

773. WHERE...FROM?
- de unde 778. NEITHER ... NOR
- nici ...nici.
Where are you from? - De unde esti?
I am from Bucharest – Sunt din Bucuresti No. I'll neither apologize nor buy it. - Nu, nici nu ii
voi cere scuze nici nu il voi cumpara.

774. WHEN - cand, atunci cand

When you buy food, always check the expiration
date. - Cand cumperi mancare totdeauna verifica
data expirarii.
When did she leave? - (She left) when the phone
rang.
Cand a plecat? - (A plecat) atunci cand a sunat
telefonul.
779. NOT ONLY ... BUT ALSO
- nu numai...ci si
Not only was I pushed but I also hit myself when I
fell over the vase. - Nu numai ca am fost impins ci
m-am si lovit cand am cazut peste vas.

11.ORDINEA CUVINTELOR
775. WHILE
- in timp ce
780. Complimentul determina predicatul. El este de
Tot while poate fi si substantiv cu intelesul de putin urmatoarele tipuri.
timp, un pic.
Compliment direct
Whistle while you work – Fluiera in timp ce Eu joc sah.
muncesti. Raspunde la intrebarea ce?
Stay with us for a while - Stai cu noi un pic. Ce joc? Sah.
Sah este compliment direct
Complimentul indirect
Eu joc sah cu bunica.
776. BOTH ... AND
Raspunde la una din intrebarile: (cui?, pe ce?, cu
- atat...cat si
cine?, cu ce?, despre cine? despre ce? etc)
Cu cine joc? Cu bunica.
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Bunica este compliment indirect. The people who are my neighbors are reading to the
Compliment de mod little girl - Oamenii care sunt vecinii mei citesc
Eu joc sah bine fetitei.
Raspunde la intrebarea Cum? Alt exemplu care nu cere to (nu rasunde la
Cum joc? Bine. intrebarea cui?)
Compliment de loc The prople who are my neighbors are reading a
Eu joc sah in fata blocului storybook with the little girl - Oamenii care sunt
Raspunde la intrebarea Unde? vecinii mei citesc cu fetita.
Unde joc? In fata blocului.
Compliment de timp
Eu joc sah zilnic.
Raspunde la intrebarea Cand? 784. Adverbele de timp cu caracter precis
Cand joc? Zilnic. (yesterday ieri, today - azi, tomorrow - maine, last
year - anul trecut, last month - luna trecuta, next
year - anul viitor etc) se pun la inceputul frazei
Orice altfel de compliment vine dupa complimentul
781. Subiectul vine in fata predicatului iar direct daca acesta exista.
complementul direct vine dupa predicat. Daca nu exista vine direct dupa predicat.

I am reading – Eu citesc Yesterday, the people who are my neighbors were

I am reading a book – Eu citesc o carte.
Aceasta ordine se pastreaza si in cadrul propozitiilor
din fraza.
The people who are my neighbors are reading a
story book. - Oamenii care sunt vecinii mei citesc o
carte.
782. Daca exista si un complement indirect acesta
vine dupa complimentul direct daca se foloseste
prepozitia to.
The people who are my neighbors are reading a
story book (comp direct) to the little girl (comp
indirect)- Oamenii care sunt vecinii mei citesc o
poveste fetitei.
sau
The people who are my neighbors are reading the
little girl (comp indirect) a storybook(comp direct) -
Oamenii care sunt vecinii mei citesc fetitei o
poveste.
reading a storybook to the little girl. - Ieri, oamenii
care sunt vecinii mei citeau o poveste fetitei.
Sometimes the people who are my neighbors read a
storybook with the little girl.- Cateodata, oamenii
care sunt vecinii mei citesc o poveste cu fetita.br>
Sometimes the people who are my neighbors read a
storybook out loid to the little girl in the evening -
Cateodata, oamenii care sunt vecinii mei citesc cu
voce tare o poveste fetitei seara.
785. Alte reguli: adjectivele se pun inaintea
substantivelor, iar adverbele de frecventa se
intercaleaza la verbe
Last month, the people who are my neighbors
would often read a beautiful storybook to the little
girl in the park in the evening. - Luna trecuta
oamenii care sunt vecinii mei deseori citeau cu voce
tare o frumoasa poveste fetitei seara, in park.

786. Never si hardly au urmatoarea regula de

783. Daca nu exista compliment direct (a inversare a subiectului cu predicatul.
storybook) este obligatoriu sa se puna to cand
complimentul indirect raspunde la intrebarea cui?
107

Se zice:
I have never heard such beautiful stories sau
Never have I heard such beautiful stories.
- Niciodata nu am mai auzit povesti atat de
frumoase
I could hardly believe my ears
sau
Hardly could I believe my ears.
- Abia-mi puteam auzi urechilor.
787. Inversiunea in cazul lui if.
Cand se inverseaza if cade.
If I had known the truth
sau
Had I known the truth.
12.CONCORDANTA
TIMPURILOR
788. In englezeste timpul unui verb (trecut, prezent
sau viitor indiferent ca e continuu sau nu) trebuie sa
urmeze o anumita structura in cadrul frazei,
structura numita concordanta timpurilor.
Aceasta spune ca in functie de timpul verbului din
propozitia principala, verbul din propozitia
secundara nu poate fi decat la un anumit timp.
De exemplu Eu mancam cand tu ai venit acasa. - I
was eating when you came home.
Cand mancam? Cand tu ai venit acasa. - propozitia
secundara
Aici si in engleza si in romana ambele propozitii
sunt la trecut si se respecta concordanta timpurilor.
Insa daca spunem: El a zis ca face bine, in
romaneste nu se respecta structura ceruta de
concordanta timpurilor
Care in engleza cere sa spunem El a zis ca facea
bine.
Pentru romani o asemenea exprimare da impresia ca
facea bine inainte sa fii zis acest lucru, in trecut, dar
108
in engleza constructia este : He said that he was
well.
Daca am vrea sa spunem ca mai demult era bine
spunem: He said that he had been well.
789. Daca in principala verbul este la prezent sau la
viitor, in secundara verbul poate fi la orice timp
prezent trecut sau viitor dupa context.
He says that he is a student
He says that he was a student
He says that he will be a student
He will say that he is a student
He will say that he was a student
He will say that he will be a student
790. Daca in principala verbul este la trecut in
secundara verbul va fi la un timp perfect (aceste
timpuri au legatura cu trecutul)
He said that he was a student – El a spus ca este
student
Traducere exacta: El a spus ca era (a fost) student -
Past Tense
He said that he had been a student – El a spus ca el
era student
Traducere exacta: El a spus ca fusese student – Past
Perfect
He said that he would be a student – El a spus ca va
fi student
Traducere exacta: El a spus ca ar fi student -
Conditional (numit in acest context si Future in the
Past)
791. Daca principala este la conditional prezent
atunci secundara este la trecut (past tense)
I would go there if I had a passport – M-as duce
acolo daca as avea pasaport
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792. Daca principala este la conditional trecut
atunci secundara este la mai mult ca perfectul
I would have gone there if I had had a passsport. -
M-as fi dus acolo daca as fi avut pasaport.
793. Daca secundara exprima un adevar absolut
He said that global warming is happening for real –
A spus ca incalzirea globala se intampla cu
adevarat. - nu was happening
They recited the poem that is the longest in the
world. - A recitat poezia care e cea mai lunga din
lume - nu was the longest
794. Daca secundara descrie un loc, da o explicatie
sau face o comparatie.
He lived in a town where everybody rides horses. -
Locuia intr-un oras unde toti oamenii calaresc cai.
He went to Brasov because he is from there. - S-a
dus la Brasov pentru ca e de acolo
They said that old cars are best. - Ei au spus ca
masinile vechi sunt cele mai bune
795. Daca secundara joaca rolul de adjectiv (este o
propozitie atributiva) de exemplu:
Elevul a compus o poezie care imi place foarte mult
– The student composed a poem that I like very
much.(si nu that I liked)
796. May din secundara se transforma in might la
trecut, daca secundara a fost introdusa cu that.
He hopes he may get another chance – Spera sa mai
primeasca o sansa.
He hoped he might get another chance. - Spera sa
109
mai primeasca o sansa.
sau (fara may si might)
He hoped he got another chance.
797. Daca principala este la viitor, secundara dupa
cum am vazut poate sa fie la orice timp.
DAR daca este introdusa prin when, until, before,
after atunci secundara se pune la prezent.
You will know when I am done (NU will be done) -
Vei sti cand am terminat
I will stay here until the rain stops (NU: the rain
will stop) - Voi sta aici pana se opreste ploaia.
798. Daca principala este la conditional prezent si
secundara contine verbul ito be acesta devine were
la toate persoanele
I would have my own car if I were 18. - As avea
masina mea daca as avea 18 ani.
799. Principalele care contin as if (ca si cum), if
(daca), if only(doar daca), it is time (este timpul,
este cazul) si wish that (a dori sa) sunt urmate de
secundare la trecut.
I wish I was younger – Imi doresc sa fiu mai tanar
It is time you stopped feeling sorry for yourself –
Este cazul sa nu-ti mai plangi de mila.
She plays the violin as if her life depended on it –
Canta la vioara ca si cum ii depinde viata de asta
(altfel isi da duhul).
800. Sa presupunem ca Alice zice:
I want to buy this car tomorrow - Vreau sa cumpar
masina asta maine.
Aceasta este vorbirea directa.
Alice a zis ca vrea sa cumpere masina asta maine
este vorbire indirecta.
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Asa cum rezulta din aceasta constructie acest gen de 804. Urmatoarele sunete a (cat) , e (hen), i (pig), o
propozitii cere intotdeauna atentie sporita la (dog), u (bug) se numesc vocale scurte.
concordanta timpurilor.

801. Daca cand povestim ce a spus Alice suntem in 805. Sunetele vocalice din made, pete, fine, bone,
aceeasi zi si langa masina spunem: fuse se numesc vocale lungi.

Alice said (that) she wanted to buy this car

tommorow. - Alice a zis ca vrea sa cumpere masina
asta maine.
Vorbirea indirecta se introduce prin that (ca in 806. Diftong este un sunet format din doua sunete
romana, Alice a spus ca...) Dar acesta poate lipsi. care se citesc odata.
Daca suntem in viitor si nu langa masina spunem: In romaneste oa (soarta) este diftong.
Alice said that she wanted to buy that car the next
day. Engleza contine 8 diftomgi care se pronunta in
In loc de that putem zice the one I told you about urmatoarele cuvinte:;br: day - zi
sau doar the car etc ca si in romaneste. sky - cer
toy - jucarie
beer - bere
bear - urs
802. Daca vrem sa spunem tour - tur
no - nu
Alice said to me that... (Alice mi-a spus mie...) se brown - maron
inlocuieste verbul to say cu to tell . Alice told me...

803. Iata o lista de schimbari care pot fi necesare la 807. Litera S

vorbirea indirecta:
La inceputul cuvantului se citeste intotdeauna ca pe
this devine that romaneste:
these devine those to swim – a inota
now devine then same – la fel
tomorrow devine the next day to see – a vedea
today devine that day sky - cer
yesterday devine the day before soft – moale
ago devine before seat - scaun
next week poate deveni last week seed – samanta
Litera s la mijlocul cuvantului se citeste fie s
faster – mai repede
loose - larg
13.REGULI DE ORTOGRAFIE use - folosinta
Fie se citeste Z
ENGLEZA Cazurile [si], [su] sunt tratate separat.
SS – se pronunta s si este la mijocul sau la sfarsitul
cuvantului:
lesson - lectie
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class - clasa
cross - cruce
address - adresa 812. Sunetul C
less – mai mic
to caress – a mangaia K la inceputul cuvantului se citeste c daca nu este
Exceptii urmat de un n: kitten – pisoi, kettle – ceainic,
dessert – desert kitchen bucatarie, to kiss – a saruta, to kill – a
scissors – foarfece omorî.
to posses - a poseda
Daca K la inceputul cuvantului este urmat de un n,
nu se aude K: knife – cutit; to knit - aimpleti, knee –
genunchi, to know – a sti.
808. C se citeste s inainte de e, i, y :

center - centru, celery - telina, malice – rautate,

circle - cerc, cinema – cinematograf, cyanide – 813. Litera K
cianura, bicycle – bicicleta.
Daca este la sfarsitul cuvantului, si vine dupa o
vocala scurta se inlocuieste cu ck
to pack – aimpacheta, cracker – biscuit, sick –
809. S se citeste si combinatia sce si sci: bolnav, dock – debarcader, truck – camion
Daca vine dupa o vocala lunga. un diftong sau dupa
science - stiinta o consoana k nu se schimba
ascent - inaltare look - uite, book - carte, beak - cioc, skeleton -
schelet, sky - cer, napkin - servetel

810. S se citeste si combinatia ps la inceputul

cuvantului: 814. Litera C

psalm - psalm Se poate citi si c nu numai s. Aceasta inaintea

psychology - psihologie vocalelor a, o, u si inaintea consoanelor
cat, corn, record, calculate, crab, class.
in interior se citeste ps: Aceasta regula este valabila si pentru CC inaintea
corpse - cadavru vocalelor a, o, u account, occur, accord.
to incapsulate - a incapsula Inaintea vocalelor E, I, Y,.CC se citeste [CS].
Ca terminatie in combinatia ic, c totdeauna se
citeste c.
analytic - analitic
811. Pluralele sau terminatiile verbale s si es se historic - istoric
citesc

Fie s daca vin dupa suntele (nu literele): f, t, k,p:

laughs - rasete, staffs - toiege, cats - pisici, works - 815. QUE in cateva cuvinte se citeste la sfarsit C
munci, maps - harti
Fie [iz] dupa s, z, x, ch, tch, ge, dge, sh unique - unic
Fie z in celelalte cazuri. technique - tehnic
physique - fizic
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Cuvinte in care se citeste g:

girl - fata, to get - a lua, geese - gaste, anger -
816. Literele CH manie, singer - cantaret, finger - deget.
Daca incheie cuvantul G totdeauna se citeste G:
Reprezinta sunetul c in cuvinte de origine greaca dog, bag, fog, beg, fig.
sau latina: GG in general se citeste g: giggle, wiggle, egg.
mechanic - mecanic, monarchy - monarhie, school - Exceptii exaggerate, suggest
scoala, chemistry - chimie Unele cuvinte au terminatia GUE, niciodata GU:
tongue - limba, vague - vag

817. Sunetul CH
Aceasta combinatie tipic reprezinta sunetul ch din
multe cuvintelor englezesti cum ar fi:
chair - scaun, rich - bogat, church – biserica, child –
copil.
El mai poate reprezenta sunetul c dupa cum am
vazut sau sunetul s in cuvinte de origine
frantuzeasca.
821. Literele GH
Se pronunta G numai la inceputul cuvantului:
ghost - stafie, ghetto - ghetou
La sfarsitul cuvantului aceasta combinatie sau nu se
citeste sau se pronunta F.
Cuvinte in care nu se citeste: though – desi, through
– prin, bough – ramura.

822. Combinatia GHT

818. Combinatia TCH reprezinta acelasi sunet ca ch Este alta combinatie des intalnita.
tipic
Ea pastreaza regulile lui GH anume
kitchen-bucatarie Sunt cuvinte in care combinatia GH nu se aude si
to catch – a prinde GHT se citeste T
thought – gand, height – inaltime, weight – greutate.
si altele, putine, in care GHT se citeste FT: laughter

819. Combinatia TU e foarte aproape de ch tipic

depature - plecare 823. Sunetul dat de litera J(joy)

nature - natura
century - secol Litera G se citeste ca joy in unele cuvinte inainte de
E si I:
gentle - bland, general - general, giant - urias, gin -
gin (rachiu), giraffe - girafa
820. Sunetul G Se citeste totdeauna j(joy) inainte de y:
Litera G se citeste G inainte de vocalele a, o, u si gypsy - tigan, gym - sala de fitness, Egypt - Egipt
inainte de consoane, cu exceptia lui h
God, game, gold, guy, singular, kangaroo, grass,
grey, glass.
In unele cuvinte inainte de E si I se citeste g, in 824. La inceputul sau la mijlocul cuvintelor se
altele se citeste j. foloseste de multe ori litera J:

112
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joy - bucurie 830. Sunetul ZH

jet - avion cu reac?ie GH se citeste F la sfarsitul unor cuvinte
just - tocmai
pajamas - pijama laugh - raset
cough - tusit
enough - destul

825. La sfarsitul cuvintelor adeseori se foloseste

DGE dupa vocale scurte
831. Sunetul F
bridge - pod
judge - judecator De cele mai multe ori este dat chiar de consoana F
edge - margine file - fisier, after - dupa, safe - siguranta, fin -
badge - insigna aripioara (de peste), scarf - batic
badger - bursuc Daca vocala inainte de f este scurta si dupa f fie
to fidget - a se foi vine inca o vocala sau se termina cuvantul, f se
dubleaza
to affirm - a afirma, offer - oferta, cuff - manseta,
muff - manson, bluff - cacealma
826. GE: cottage, manage apare oriunde in cuvant si
este si parte din terminatia des intalnita age.

Se citeste j(joy) cu exceptia unor cuvinte de origine 832. Sunetul F

straina: garage. Combinatia PH reprezinta sunetul F

photo - fotografie
alphabet - alfabet
827. Sunetul ZH (j romanesc) symphony - simfonie

Combinatia GE in cazul unor cuvinte de origine

straina:
garage - garaj, mirage - miraj, montage - montaj. 833. Sunetul S (ca in smecher)
Cel mai ades acest sunet este reprezentat de
combinatia SH

828. Sunetul ZH (j romanesc) to shine – a straluci

Literele SI se citesc ca acest sunet. fish – peste
shampoo – sampon
erosion - eroziune she – ea
explosion - explozie shelter – adapost
vision - viziune

829. Sunetul ZH (j romanesc)

Literele SU se citesc ca acest sunet. 834. Combinatia CH poate fi citita s(smecher) in
cuvinte de origine frantuzeasca
visual - vizual
lejer - leisure
placere - pleasure
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chic - sic 839. X - reprezinta sunetul X

chef - sef Ca si in romana
mustache - mustata
CS:
exercise – exercitiu
to explain – a explica
835. Combinatia CI e citita s(smecher) extreme – extrema
export – export
magician - magician to mix - a amesteca
delicious - delicios GZ:
social - social exact – exact
example - exemplu
to exit - a iesi
836. Combinatia SI poate fi citita s(smecher)

mission - misiune 840. XH se citeste cateodata tot X

extension - extensiune
conprehension - comprehensiune H nu se aude
insa nu cs: exhibition - expozitie
sick - bolnav gz: to exhaust – a epuiza
rasin - stafida
H se aude
to exhume – a exhuma
to exhale – a expira
837. Combinatia TI poate fi citita s(smecher)

to negotiate - a negocia
patient - pacient 841. Combinatia CC inaintea vocalelor E, I, Y
section - sectiune Se citeste [CS]
insa nu
static - static accident - accident
tiara - tiara to succeed - a reusi

838. Combinatia SU poate fi citita s(smecher) 842. Sunetul Z

Litera S de multe ori reda acest sunet.
sugar - zahar
sure - sigur rose - trandafir
pressure - presiune to lose – a pierde
tissue - tesut to use – a folosi
insa nu
sun - soare
opossum - oposum
843. Combinatia ES
Dupa s, z, x, ch, tch, ge, dge, sh se citeste [IZ]

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classes - clase 847. mb la sfarsitul cuvantului se citeste m:

roses - trandafiri
prizes - premii comb - pieptan
quizzes - teste miel - lamb
matches - chibrituri
oranges - portocale
bridges - poduri
dishes - farfurii 848. wr la inceput se citeste r
fixes . repara
to write - a scrie
to wring - a stoarce
wrist - inceietura mainii
844. La inceputul cuvantului sunetul Z este aproape
totdeauna reprezentat prin litera Z

zebra - zebra 849. lk dupa a se citeste k

zero – zero
zoo - zoo talk - conversatie
exceptie walk - plimbare
xylophone - xilofon altfel se citeste lk
milk - lapte
bulk - in masa

845. Litera Z se citeste Z in practic toate cuvintele

Literele ZZ se citesc tot Z
In foarte putine cazuri z si zz se citesc ca in limbile 850. Cand intr-un cuvant exista o singra vocala si
din care provin cuvintele respective: aceasta nu se afla la sfarsitul cuvantului se citeste ca
pizza, mozzarella, Mozart, Nazi. vocala scurta
Deasemeni In cele cateva cuvinte in care apare
combinatia TZ ea se citeste ts: fat - gras
waltz - vals, blitz - blit (aparat foto) cat - pisica
hen - gaina
dozen – duzina men - barbati
lazy – lenes big - mare
quiz – extemporal will - testament
puzzle hot - fierbinte
muzzle – botnita dog - caine
bug - insecta
dumb - prost

846. In cateva cuvinte grecesti litera X se citeste Z Exceptie comb - pieptan

xylophone – xilofon
xenfobia – xenofobie
xerox - xerox 851. O vocala singura aflata la sfarsitul cuvantului
se citeste ca vocala lunga.

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she - ea
he - el
no - nu 855. Ee si uu se citesc ca vocale lungi
go - mergi
to peek - a trage cu ochiul
to greet - a saluta
vacuum - aspirator
852. Cand un cuvant se termina in e, acesta este mut
dar vocala dinaintea lui devine lunga

to make - a face 856. Oo deobicei se citeste u ca in

cradle - leagan bebelus
fire - foc pool - bazin
hole - gaura fool - prost
abuse - abuz tool - unealta
exceptii dar si ca in
scare - spaima book - carte
some - unii foot - picior
sure - sigur door - usa

853. Cand doua vocale diferite sunt alaturate 14.CATEVA DIFERENTE

deobicei prima se citeste ca vocala lunga iar a doua
nu se citeste DINTRE ENGLEZA
rain - ploaie, pail - galeata, play - joaca, lied - a
BRITANICA SI AMERICANA
mintit, cheat - trisor
dar sunt destule exceptii de la aceasta regula
read – read – read - a citi
857. In engleza americana present perfect este mult
bread - paine
mai putin folosit si este inlocuit de past tense.
to swear - a jura
said - a zis
Am pregatit masa pentru petrecere
fair - targ
devine
cow - vaca
I have prepared the meal for the party – engleza
brown - maron
britanica
I prepared the meal for the party – engleza
americana
854. Cand o vocala este urmata de o consoana Aceste diferente exista si in cazul folosirii
dubla, ea se citeste ca vocala scurta. adverbelor already, just si yet
tocmai am ajuns acasa devine
fatty - grasan I've just got home – engleza britanica
skinny - slabanog I just got home – engleza americana.
summer - vara
funny - nostim
to stammer - a se balbai

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858. In engleza americana verbul to have - a avea,
in forma sa de verb de sine statator, nu de auxiliar,
de multe ori este inlocuit de have got.
I have got a farm poate inlocui I have a farm. - Am
o ferma
859. Formele verbului to get
in engleza britanica
to get – got – got
in engleza americana
este deseori folosita si forma
to get – got – gotten
860. Datele se scriu altfel in engleza britanica fata
de engleza americana.
23 august 1944
In engleza britanica
the 23rd of August 1944
In engleza americana
august 23rd, 1944
august 23, 1944
861. Substantivele colective
Un substantiv care exprima un grup: armata,
comitet, stol etc
In engleza britanica un substantiv colectiv e la
singular (verbul se pune la singular) daca in cadrul
propozitiei intelesul e de bloc care actioneaza ca
unul si la plural in sens contrar
A committee was appointed - A fost numit un
comitet
The committee were unable to agree - Comitetul nu
s-a (s-au in engleza) putut pune de acord
In engleza americana totdeauna aceste substantive
117
sunt la singular
The committee was unable to agree
862. Auxiliarul shall e putin folosit in engleza
americana.
Iar shan't (forma negativa) nu e folosit deloc in
engleza americana.
863. In engleza americana dupa verbe ca to go - a
merge, to come - a veni si to help - a ajuta se
foloseste mult urmatoarea constructie:
I want to go eat - Vreau sa merg sa mananc
I wish to help build the house - Vreau sa ajut sa se
construiasca casa
Can you come see a movie? - Poti sa vii sa vezi un
film?
in loc de
I want to go to eat
I wish to help to build the house
Can you come to see a movie?
Engleza britanica in schimb zice:
I want to go and eat
I wish to help and build the house
Can you come and see a movie?
864. Engleza americana are tendinta (cateodata) de
a taia sufixele adjectivelor formate cu ing, din
participiu (cu ed) sau genitivul saxon('s).
Prezentam mai jos forma americana, forma
englezeasca si traducerea pentru cateva exemple.
jumprope - skipping rope - coarda (de sarit)
racecar - racing car - masina de curse
dial tone - dialing tone - ton (de telefonat)
mash potatoes - mashed potatoes
dollhouse - doll's house
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865. In engleza britanica la rauri cuvantul Rau biscuit cookie fursec

-RIVER se pune la inceput iar in engleza americana
la sfarsit. bonnet hood capota

The River Thames - raul Tamisa (in Marea Britanie) boot trunk portbagaj
River Trent - Marea Britanie braces suspenders bretele
Mississippi River - raul Mississippi (in SUA)
Yukon River - Canada chemist's drugstore farmacie
the cinema the movies cinematograf
cotton thread ata
866. Diferente ortografice intre engleza britanica si
engleza americana crossroads intersection intersectie
Redam mai jos schimbarile principale de ortografie,
cu prima varianta fiind cea britanica. curtains drapes perdele
Diferentele de ortografie sunt cel mai ades vizibile dust-bin trashcan caldare de gunoi
la terminatiile unor cuvinte.
Regulile se aplica pentru orice cuvant (cu unele engine motor motor
exceptii), nu doar pentru cele prezentate.
film movie film
- our, - or flat apartment apartament
colour - color - culoare, flavour - flavor - savoare;
humour - humor - umor ground floor first floor parter

- re, - er handbag purse poseta

centre - center - centru, metre - meter - metru holiday vacation vacanta
- ise, -ize ill sick bolnav
recognise - recognize - recunoaste, realize - realise -
realiza container cu
jug pitcher
lichid, ulcior
- ogue, - og lift elevator lift
analogue - analog, catalogue - catalog
lorry truck camion
luggage baggage valiza
867. Diferenta de cuvinte. maize corn porumb
Prezentam mai jos o lista de 40 de cuvinte care
difera in engleza britanica fata de engleza nappy diaper scutec
americana
pavement sidewalk trotuar
Engleza Engleza to peep to peek a trage cu ochiul
Traducerea
Britanica Americana
petrol gasoline benzina
Aerial Antenna Antena
postman maiman postas
Autumn Fall Toamna
pub bar bar

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queue line coada a

a
6 to entitle indreptat to title
rubber eraser guma de sters intitula
i
sweet desert desert eventual eventua
7 in final possibly
timetable schedule orar ly l

tin can conserva material

8 fabric fabrica factory
textil
torch flashlight lanterna
9 genial amabil genial brilliant
trousers pants pantaloni
boare de
10 gust gust taste
waistcoat vest vesta vant
wardrobe closet sifonier iubire
infatuati infatuar
11 puternic conceit
zip zipper fermoar on e
a
bibliotec
12 library librarie bookstore
a

15.FALSE FRIENDS tot

13 to matter a conta materie matter(substan
tiv)
preot,
868. Exista in limba engleza cuvinte care seamana 14 minister ministru tot minister
ministru
cu unele cuvinte din limba romana dar care au alt
inteles. 15 parcel pachet parcela lot of land
Aceste cuvinte se numesc false friends adica
prieteni falsi, inselatori. physicia
16 doctor fizician physicist
Cand le intalnim ne bucuram ca le stim dar de fapt n
suntem pacaliti, fiindca insemnau altceva. cadou,
Iata o lista de 20 astfel de cuvinte. 17 present prezent tot present
prezent

Nu to a-si da
Traduce 18 a realiza to accomplish
Nr Friend inseam Care se zice realize seama
re
na 19 sensible intelept sensibil sensitive
adevarat 20 talon gheara talon coupon
1 actual actual present
ul
2 actually de fapt actual present
gluma,
3 antic
farsa
antic ancient 16.LUNILE ANULUI
4 bucket galeata buchet bouquet
director carte de
5 director manager
y adrese
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869. Lunile anului in engleza Se scriu totdeauna

cu litera mare
Anotimpurile insa se scriu cu litera mica.

In December we celebrate Christmas - In

18.ZILELE SAPTAMANII
Decembrie sarbatorim Craciunul.
In the spring we celebrate Easter - Primavara
sarbatorim Pastele
871. Zilele saptaminii in engleza
Se scriu totdeauna cu litera mare
January - ianuarie
February - februarie
Se folosesc cu prepozitia on daca ne referim la ceva
March - martie
din ziua aceea.
April - aprilie
Deci de exemplu lunea se zice on Monday sau
May - mai
Monday in functie de context.
June - iunie
I was born on a Monday. - M-am nascut intr-o zi de
July - iulie
luni.
August - august
September - septembrie
Monday - luni
October - octombrie
Tuesday - marti
November - noiembrie
Wednesday - miercuri
December - decembrie
Thursday - joi
Friday - vineri
Saturday - sambata
Sunday - duminica
17.ANOTIMPURILE IN
ENGLEZA I'll be done by Friday - Voi fi terminat pana vineri
And on Saturday I'll come visit - Si sambata vin sa
te vizitez.
Saturdays are fun - Sambetele sunt distractive.
Monday is a hard day to stand - Lunea e o zi greu
870. Anotimpurile in Engleza
de suportat.
Se scriu cu litera mica
La anotimpuri se foloseste prepozitia in the cand ne
reperim la ceva din cadrul ei, altfel nu se articuleaza
si e fara in(exemplul 3)
19.FORMULE DE SALUT IN
spring - primavara
summer - vara
ENGLEZA
fall, autumn - toamna
winter - iarna
872. Formule de salut in engleza
In the winter it snows. - Iarna ninge
In the summer the snow melts - Primavara zapada
Intre prieteni
se topeste
Hi
This summer I will go fishing - Vara asta ma duc la
Howdy
pescuit.
Hey
I hope fall doesn't come early - Sper ca toamna sa
nu vina devreme.
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Politicos
Hello
Hello, how are you? - Ce mai faci? - Cand esti 22.FORMULE DE POLITETE
introdus cuiva nou.
Greetings - Salutari SI EXPRESII
Good morning - Buna dimineata
Good afternoon - Buna ziua (dupa ora 12)
Good evening - Buna seara
875. Formule de politete si expresii in engleza
Pedant
How do you do? Say hi to John for me - Saluta-l pe John din partea
mea!
Don't worry! - Nu-ti face probleme!
Hurry up! - Grabeste-te!That's all right!
20.FORMULE DE I'm sorry! - Iarta-ma!
Excuse me! - Scuza-ma!
DESPARTIRE IN ENGLEZA That's all right! - N-are nimic!
Bless you! - Noroc!(la stranut)
Pardon? - Poftim?
Your welcome - Cu placere
873. Formule de despartire in engleza Thank you - Multumesc
Thanks - Merci!
Goodbye - La revedere Please - Te rog!
Bye - Pa
Bye bye - Pa
See you later - Sa ne vedem mai tarziu
Take it easy! - Ia-o usor! 23.ALFABETUL SI
Take care! - Ai grija(de tine)
Catch ya later - Te prind mai tarziu CURIOZITATI ALE LIMBII
Have fun! - Distractie placuta! ENGLEZE

21.URARI IN ENGLEZA 876. Alfabetul limbii engleze

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVW
XYZ
874. Urari in engleza
Urmatoarea fraza engleza contine toate literele
Cheers! - Noroc! (la ciocnitul de pahare) englezesti.
Good luck! - Succes! Bafta!
Happy Birthday - La multi ani! The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog -
Happy New Year - La multi ani! (de revelion) Vulpea iute, maronie sare peste cainele lenes
Merry Christmas! - Craciun fericit!
Enjoy! - Pofta buna!
Congratulations - Felicitari!

121

877. English is a language in which you can turn a
light on and you can turn a light off and you can
turn a light out, but you can't turn a light in;
Engleza e o limba in care poti aprinde lumina (turn
on the light) poti stinge o lumina (turn off the light),
poti opri o lumina(tun out the light) dar nu poti sa o
predai(turn somebody in)
878. When the sun or the moon or the stars are out,
they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are
invisible.
Cand soarele, luna sau stelele sunt out (afara) ele
sunt vizibile, dar cand lumina e out (afara) e
invizibila (e stinsa)
879. The sun comes up and goes down, but prices
go up and come down.
Soarele vine in sus (rasare) si merge in jos(apune)
dar preturile merg in sus(cresc) si vin in jos(scad)
880. Why are people who ride motorcycles called
bikers and people who ride bikes called cyclists?
De ce oamenii care merg pe motociclete
(motorcycles) sunt numiti bikers iar cei care merg
pe biciclete (bikes) sunt numiti cyclists?
881. How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the
same, while a wise man and a wise guy are
opposites?
Cum poate o posibilitate slaba (adica mica) si o
posibilitate grasa (tot mica) sa insemne acelasi
lucru, pe cand un om intelept si un tip intelept (cum
am zice noi (Desteptule!) au sensuri opuse?
122
882. You have to marvel at the uhigue lunacy of a
language in which the house burns up as in burns
down, you fill in a form by filling it out and an
alarm clock goes off by going on.
Trebuie sa te minunezi de nebunia unei limbi in
care o casa arde in sus pe cand arde in jos, in care
umpli (fill in) un formular, completandu-l(fill out)si
un ceas desteptator suna (goes off) dupa trecerea
timpului (going on)
883. In what language do people recite at a play and
play at a recital? Ship by truck and send cargo by
ship?
In ce alta limba oamenii recita intr-o piesa (play) si
canta (play) la un recital?
24.GRESELI FRECVENTE IN
LIMBA ENGLEZA
884. Gresit: - My sister is doctor
My sister is a doctor - Sora mea e doctor.
885. Gresit: I have told you all what I know.
I have told you all (that) I know.
886. Gresit:I realized my plan to go fishing.
I accomplished my plan to go fishing - Mi-am
realizat planul de a merge la pescuit.
122

887. Gresit: Is good idea
Gresit: I like very much
It is a good idea - E o idee buna
I like it very much - Imi place foarte mult
888. Gresit: According to me, it’s a bad movie.
In my opinion, it’s a bad movie - Dupa parerea mea.
889. Gresit: Normally I will be there next Friday.
I should be able to be there next Friday - In mod
normal voi veni vinerea viitoare
890. Gresit: I am working for Company X
I work for Company X - Lucrez pentru Compania X
891. Gresit: Except Andu, everybody was there.
Except for Andu, everybody was there.- In afara lui
Andu, au venit toti.
892. Gresit: I love the music.
I love music - Iubesc muzica
893. Gresit: I have done a mistake.
I have made a mistake. - Am facut o greseala
894. Gresit: Please, how I go to the park?
Gresit: Do you know where is my purse?
123
Please how do I go to the park? - Va rog, cum merg
in parc?
Do you know where my purse is? - Stii unde mi-e
poseta?
25.PUNCTUATIA
895. Folosirea virgulei (the comma) in engleza
1. In caz de apozitie, o intercalare in propozitie care
actioneaza ca o lamurire dar ar putea si sa lipseasca.
2. Cand e o insiruire. Spre deosebire de romana se
pune virgula si inainte de si
3. Daca substantivul are mai multe adjective ele se
depart prin virgula.
Ultimul adjectiv nu are si in fata.
4.Intre oras si tara se pune virgula: Brasov,
Romania
5 Explicatiile introductive ca si apozitiile se despart
prin virgula.
6.Intre doua propozitii independente.(juxtapunere)
7.Se pune virgula dupa cazul vocativ.
8.Inainte si dupa ghilimele se pune virgula daca este
vorbire directa.
896. Folosirea cratimei (the hyphen si the dash)
in engleza
The hyphen este o liniuta de unire scurta care uneste
cuvinte care impreuna formeaza un nou cuvant: up-
to-date, twenty-one etc.
The dash este o liniuta lunga care poate delimita o
scurta intrerupere de text, o schimbare brusca a ideii
sau o rasturnare de situatii.
.
897. Folosirea ghilimelelor (quotation marks) in
engleza
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In engleza nu se folosesc linii de dialog asa ca San Francisco, CA

folosirea ghilimelelor e obligatorie.
Daca in interiorul unui dialog cineva da alt citat, Dear Sir,
atunci se pun ghilimele simple. I would like to purchase the Encyclopedia of the
Living World which I saw advertised in your
company catalogue.
I have sent the amount of ... $ to the address
898. Folosirea punct si virgula (the semicolon) in specified in the catalogue via Paypal
engleza
I am hoping I will receive it in two weeks as
advertised.
Se foloseste cand se despartdoua propozitii
independente dar inrudite. Regards,
Se folosesc pe post de virgula in insiruiri care deja Mr Anderson
necesita virgule.

Letter of confirmation - Scrisoare de confirmare

26.COMPUNEREA UNEI 123 E Shelby Ave

Houghton, MI 48831
SCRISORI
Dear Mr Anderson,
Your order has been processed. We are pleased to
inform you that your order for The Encyclopedia of
899. Elementele unei scrisori oficiale in engleza the Living World should arrive on Tuesday, April
1st
1. Adresa proprie - se scrie in coltul din dreapta sus If you have any questions or comments feel free to
2. Adresa destinatar - se scrie pe stanga mai jos de contact us at the phone number provided.
nivelul adresei proprii. Thank you for shopping with us.
3. Formula de politete
Best wishes,
Dear Sir or Madam - Draga Dle sau Dna - in cazul
in care nu stim cine ne va citi scrisoarea Mr Jones
Dear Mr X sau Dear Mrs X in caz contrar.
4.Continutul: O fraza introductiva care sa explice
scopul scrisorii: cerere, plangere etc
5.Continutul propriu zis. Scurt si la obiedt
6.Un paragraf de incheiere in care sa precizezi ce
masura vrei sa ia destinatarul.
7.Formula de incheiere: Yours sincerely, Yours
faithfully etc
8.Semnatura

900. Exemple de scrisoare

Order - Scrisoare de comanda

123, S Figueroa Str

124