Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
1.ARTICOLUL
1. A este articol nehotarat pentru orice substantiv care incepe cu o consoana sau cu o semivocala (w, y sau
sunetul iu)
An este articol nehotarat pentru orice substantiv care incepe cu o vocala.
un baiat - a boy
o fata - a girl
un unchi - an uncle
o matusa - an aunt
o fereastra - a window
un razboi - a war
un an - a year
un european - a European (eu se citeste iu)
o universitate - a university (u aici se citeste iu)
o umbrela - an umbrella (u aici se citeste ca a din padure)
Cartile sunt grele dar trebuie sa iau cartile mari cu mine - Books are heavy but I must take THE big books
with me.
Cartile sunt grele = Books are heavy (fara articol)
I must take the big books = Trabuie sa iau cartile mari (are articol)
14. In titlurile articolelor din ziar de multe ori articolele sunt omise
Un student incendiaza o casa - Student burns down house
Barbat muscat de un urs - Man bit by bear.
15. Articolul se omite in indicatii scenice
Hamlet isi pune intrebarea celebra - Hamlet asks famous question
16. Articolul ca si in romaneste nu apare la inceputul explicatiilor din dictionare
Peru: tara din America de Sud - Peru: country in South America
2.SUBSTANTIVUL
17. Ca si in romana substantivele se pot numara si se acorda in numar cu alte parti de vorbire (articol, verb)
un baiat, doi baieti - one boy, two boys
Un fermier are o ferma - A farmer has a farm
Some farmers have a farm - Niste fermieri au o ferma.
etc
22. In cazul numelor de substante, substantivele nu au plural
apa - water
aer - air
fier - iron
lemn - wood
silk - matase
sange - blood
23. Substantivele abstracte nu au plural:
prietenie - friendship
bucurie - joy
lucrare - work
24. Substantive fara singular:
fizica - physics, politica - politics; acestea se folosesc cu verbul la singular:
fizica este o stiinta - physics is a science
foarfece - scissors, ochelari - eyeglasses (obiecte pereche)se folosesc cu verbul la plural: These scissors are
sharp (Aceasta foarfeca e ascutita).
25. Cand un obiect pereche e folosit cu "a pair of" verbul e la singular.
There is a pair of eyeglasses on the table - Este o pereche de ochelari pe masa.
26. Ca regula generala pluralul se formeaza adaugand un s.
boy - boys (baiat - baieti)
girl - girls (fata - fete)
aunt - aunts (matusa - matusi)
uncle - uncles (unchi - unchi)
27. Daca substantivul la rostirea lui nu accepta s se pune o alta terminatie dupa caz.
28. Daca substantivul se termina in s la plural se pune es:
bus - buses (autobuz - autobuze)
class - classes (clasa - clase)
boss - bosses (sef, sefi)
29. Daca substantivul se termina in ch la plural se pune es:
church - churches (biserica - biserici)
patch - patches (petec - petece)
bench - benches (banca - banci)
30. Daca substantivul se termina in x la plural se pune es:
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48. Nominativ:
Raspunde la intrebarea: cine? sau ce?
Dan merge la scoala. Cine merge la scoala? Dan.
Dan goes to school - Dan merge la scoala.
The boy goes to school - Baiatul merge la scoala
49. Genitiv:
Raspunde la intrebarile: al cui? a cui? ai cui? ale cui?
Copertile cartii sunt verzi.
Ale cui coperti sunt verzi? Ale cartii.
Copertile cartii sunt verzi.
The covers of the book are green
sau se spune si:
The book's covers are green
50. 's se numeste genitivul saxon sau posessive case.
E mult mai folosit decat forma cu of.
Este folosit mai ales pentru fiinte dar se foloseste din ce in ce mai mult si pentru lucruri.
De remarcat faptul ca of pastreaza ordinea din romana a cuvintelor, pe cand 's inverseaza aceasta ordine:
acoperisul casei
the roof of the house
dar
the house's roof
unde
roof = acoperis
house = casa
51. Genitivul saxon 's se foloseste: la singularul substantivelor:
my brother's friend - prietenul fratelui meu
the cat's kittens - pisoii pisicii
the garden's flowers - florile gradinii
52. Genitivul saxon 's se foloseste si la pluralele care nu se termina in s:
men - barbat, men's - barbatilor
Men's cloting is changing - Imbracamintea barbatilor (pentru barbati) se schimba
53. Daca substantivul e la plural si se termina cu s, genitivul saxon devine numai apostrof si nu se citeste
My friends' cars are out there - Masinile prietenilor mei sunt acolo
The girls' recital is tomorrow. - Recitalul fetelor are loc maine
54. Daca substantivul e la singular se pune 's chiar daca se termina in s:
My boss's car is out there (boss's se citeste la fel ca bosses)
55. Anumite cladiri (house, shop, office etc)se omit dupa acest genitiv saxon
la casa unchiului meu:
at my uncle's house - at my uncle's
la cabinetul doctorului
at the doctor's office - at the doctor's
56. Dativ: Raspunde la intrebarea cui?
Am dat cartea Matildei
Cui am dat cartea? Matildei
I gave the book to Matilda - Am dat cartea Matildei
I gave the book to my friend - Am dat cartea prietenului meu.
Am dat cartea lui Octavian - I gave the book to Octavian
57. Dativul in engleza poate sta si inainte si dupa complementul direct. Daca dativul vine inainte de
complementul direct nu se pune to altfel se pune.
Complementul direct raspunde la intrebarea: pe cine? sau ce?
Give Rose my love sau Give my love to Rose - Transmite-i lui Rose dragostea mea.
I gave Octavian the book sau I gave the book to Octavian
Ce i-am dat lui Octavian? Cartea. - Cartea este complement direct.
58. Acuzativ: Raspunde la una din intrebarile:Pe cine? ce?
L-am vazut pe Octavian
Pe cine am vazut? Pe Octavian
I saw Octavian - L-am vazut pe Octavian
I fed the puppy - Am hranit catelusul
I skipped lunch - Am sarit masa de pranz
3.ADJECTIVUL
59. Adjectivul sta inaintea substantivului:
tall woman - femeie inalta
happy girl - fata fericita
white swan - lebada alba
60. Diminutivele in engleza se formeaza punand little sau small in fata substantivului
Small descrie mai mult marimea, deci pentru a arata afectiune folositi little
My little girl is in kindegarten - Fetita mea e la gradinita
I want to buy the small book, please. - As vrea va rog, sa cumpar cartea cea mica.
61. Adjectivul se pune intre articol si substantiv:
the old man - barbatul batran
the little boy - baietelul
a tall man - un barbat inalt
the short men - barbatii scunzi
62. Adjectivele nu au gen si nici plural
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Adjective posesive:
Cainele meu e alb
Pisica mea e bej
sau
Al meu caine e alb
A mea pisica e bej
Pronume posesive:
Cainele alb e al meu
Pisica bej e a mea
70. In engleza, adjectivul posesiv meu/ mea/ mei/ mele este<b<my< b="" style="margin: 0px;"></b<my<>
My son is a teacher - Fiul meu e profesor
My daughter is a teacher - Fiica mea e profesoara
My sons are teachers - Fiii mei sunt profesori
My daughters are teachers - Fiicele mele sunt profesoare
71. In engleza, adjectivul posesiv tau/ ta/ tai/ tale este<b<your< b="" style="margin: 0px;"></b<your<>
My son is a doctor - Fiul meu e doctor
My daughter is a doctor - Fiica mea e doctor
My sons are doctors - Fiii mei sunt doctori
My daughters are doctors - Fiicele mele sunt doctori
72. In engleza, adjectivul posesiv lui este<b<his< b="" style="margin: 0px;"></b<his<>
His son is a doctor - Fiul lui e doctor
His daughter is a doctor - Fiica lui e doctor
73. In engleza, adjectivul posesiv ei este her
Her son is a lawyer - Fiul ei e avocat
Her daughter is a lawyer - Fiica ei e doctor
74. In engleza, adjectivul posesiv nostru/ noastra/ nostri/ noastre este our
Our son is a barber - Fiul nostru e barbier
Our daughter is a barber - Fiica noastra e barler
Our sons are barbers - Fiii nostri sunt doctori
Our daughters are barbers - Fiicele noastre sunt barbierite
75. In engleza, adjectivul posesiv vostru/ voastra/ tostri/ voastre este your
Your son is a tailor - Fiul vostru e croitor
Your daughter is a dressmaker - Fiica voastra e croitoreasa
Your sons are tailors - Fiii vostri sunt croitori
Your daughters are dressmakers - Fiicele voastre sunt croitorese
76. In engleza, adjectivul posesiv lor este their
Their son is a painter - Fiul lor e pictor
Their daughter is a painter - Fiica lor e pictor
Their sons are painters - Fiii lor sunt pictori
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Deasemeni orice compus de-al lui any se foloseste in propozitii interogative si negative in locul compusului
echivalent cu some
someone - cineva
anyone - oricine
no one - nimeni
Someone is at the door. - Cineva e la usa.
Does anyone know the answer?
Anyone can read. - Oricine poate sa citeasca
No one can open that door - Nimeni nu poate deschide usa aceea
91. somebody e la fel ca someone anybody e la fel ca anyone nobody e la fel ca no one In general aceste
variante somebody, anybody, nobody sunt mai folosite
Somebody is on the phone. - E cineva la telefon
Anybody can see the difference - Oricine vede diferenta
Is anybody there? - E cineva acolo?
Nobody can tell you what to do - Nimeni nu-ti poate spune ce sa faci.
92. where - unde
somewhere - undeva
anywhere - oriunde, nicaieri
nowhere - nicaieri
Where are you? - Unde esti? I left my keys somewhere - Mi-am lasat cheile undeva
Anywhere I go, I am still Romanian - Oriunde ma duc, sunt inca roman(ca) I can not find him anywhere. Nu il gasesc nicaieri
sau
I found him nowhere
93. way - fel
someway - cumva
anyway - oricum
no way - in nici un caz, nu!,nici sa nu te gandesti! - e argou
Someway, we will solve this - Cumva o s-o rezolvam.
Anyway I am glad you came - Oricum, imi pare bine ca ai venit
No way, am I going to do that! - In nici un caz nu fac asta!
94. day - zi
someday - intr-o zi, intr-o buna zi
somedays - in unele zile
one day - intr-o zi
One day e mai precis decat someday. De aceea se foloseste mai ales la trecut.
any day - in orice zi, nu are un inteles deosebit.
no day - nu exista.
Someday my prince will come - Intr-o buna zi imi va veni printul (cantecul din Alba ca Zapada)
Someday I will learn to ride a bike - Intr-o zi voi invata sa merg cu bicicleta
Somedays I walk to school - In unele zile merg pe jos la scoala One day I decided to change my life - Intr-o
zi am hotarat sa-mi schimb viata
One day the world will end - Intr-o zi lumea se va sfarsi
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deasemeni
Inseamna MIC fara sens negativ
We have little time left before the tornado is here - Mai avem foarte putin timp pana sa ajunga tornada aici.
dar
I have a little girl - Am o fetita
108. EACH - FIECARE
EVERY - FIECARE
De multe ori pot fi ambele folosite.
There is a table in each room - Este o masa in fiecare camera
sau
There is a table in every room - Este o masa in fiecare camera
109. Each considera lucrurile pe rand, fiecare in parte
Each subliniaza diferentele
Se foloseste pentru numere mici
Analyze each sentence carefully - Analizeaza fiecare propozitie cu atentie
There were ten cars, each one was a different color - Erau zece masini, fiecare de alta culoare
Each wave was higher than the one before - Fiecare val era mai inalt decat cel dinainte.
Each child is special - Fiecare copil este deosebit
110. Every (fiecare) este pentru numere mari si are sensul de toate, de orice. Si in romaneste tot
omulinseamna fiecare om.
Every face tells a story - Fiecare chip spune o poveste
Every dog has his day - Orice caine are ziua sa (proverb)
Every child needs to look at the blackboard - Fiecare copil/toti copiii trebuie sa se uite la tabla
I solved every problem in the book - Am rezolvat toate problemele din carte
111. Every, nu each arata cat de des se intampla ceva
The clock kept ringing every ten minutes - Ceasul suna la fiecare zece minute.
la fel se zice:
every year, every two weeks - in fiecare an, la fiecare doua saptamani etc
112. Each poate sta pe langa un substantiv (ca adjectiv) sau poate sa nu stea (ca pronume)
Buy one of each - Cumpara una din fiecare (pronume)
The children were each given candy - Copiii au primit toti bomboane
sau (pronume)
Each child was given candy - Fiecare copil a primit bomboane. (adjectiv)
113. Every insa cere totdeauna un substantiv, sau cuvantul one. Ca si some, any si no, every este baza pentru
o multime de alte cuvinte.
everything - tot
everyday - in fiecare zi
everywhere - peste tot
everytime - de fiecare data
everybody - toata lumea
everyone - fiecare (persoana)
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We have a toy for each child - Avem cate o jucarie pentru fiecare copil.
122. Each and every e un mod emfatic de a spune tot
Each se refera la particular
Every se refera la general
Deci impreuna arata tot substantivul, in intregimea sa.
Each and every soldier must be ready to die for his country - Fiecare soldat trebuie sa fie gata sa moara
pentru tara sa
Each and every building needs to withstand earthquakes - Fiecare cladire trebuie sa reziste la cutremure
123. Diferentele dintre each, every si all
- Each se refera la fiecare individ fara sa tina seama de grup
- Every se refera la fiecare individ din cadrul grupului.
- All se refera la toti vazuti ca grup - intregul grup.
I ate all of the bread - Am mancat toata painea.
I ate every bread - Am mancat fiecare paine, toate painile (din cos de exemplu)
deasemeni
All I've had was bread - Inseamna tot ce am macat a fost paine. (Nu am mancat decat paine)
Everything I had was bread - Inseamna ca fiecare mancare a fost din paine.
124. All se foloseste cu o prepozitie, altfel se refera la toti membri din univers al acelui substantiv
. Every cere un substantiv dupa el (e adjectiv).
All dogs are mean - Toti caine (de pe pamant) sunt rai
No, all of your dogs are mean - Nu, toti cainii tai sunt rai
Every dog I have is from an animal sheler - Fiecare caine pe care il am e de la un adapost opentru animale.
Each one was probably ill-treated in the past - Fiecare a fost probabil prost tratat in trecut.
Caring is all about patience. - Ingrijitul este in intregime legat de rabdare. All for one and one for all! - Unul
pentru toti, toti pentru unul.
125. Other - alt, alta, alti, alte
Other nearticulat daca sta pe langa un substantiv acesta e la plural
I also have other ideas - Am si alte idei
126. The other - celalalt, cealalta, ceilalti, celelalte.
The other daca sta pe langa un substantiv acesta poate fi si la singular si la plural.
I took the other coat. - Am luat haina cealalta.
dar si
I took my other coat - Mi-am luat haina cealalta
The other coats I have are too warm - Celelalte haine pe care le am sunt prea calduroase
127. Daca the other nu sta pe langa un substantiv se pune cuvantul "one" optional.
The other wallpaper is brown - Celalalt tapet e maron
The other one is brown - Celalalt (decat cel despre care e vorba) e maron.
The other is brown.
128. Another - un alt, o alta
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slow - incet
few - putini
hot - fierbinte
cold - rece, frig
etc
134. Daca ultima consoana e precedata de o vocala scurta ultima consoana se dubleaza. Daca ultima
consoana e precedata de doua vocale automat ultima vocala nu e scurta.
red - redder - the reddest
big - bigger - the biggest
dar
fair - fairer - the fairest
soon - sooner - the soonest
The biggest elephant in the world - Cel mai mare elefant din lume
135. Daca adj se termina in e, nu se pun doi e
cute - cuter - cutest -> scumpel
large - larger - the largest -> voluminos
136. Pentru adjectivele de doua silabe terminate in y, y se transforma in i
skinny - skinnier - the skinniest - slab
funny - funnier - the funniest - nostim
crafty - craftier - the craftiest - viclean
137. Pentru adjectivele lungi se foloseste comparatia franceza
interesting - more interesting - the most interesting
terrible - more terrible - the most terrible
My book is more interesting than Peter's
But the most interesting book is Tom's
138. Unele adjective au comparatie neregulata
good - bun
bad - rau
little - putin
139. good - better - the best -> bun - mai bun - cel mai bun
This is a good drawing - Aceasta e un desen bun
This drawing is better than that one - Acest desen e mai bun decat acela.
Erin has the best drawings - Erin face desenele cele mai bune.
140. bad - worse - the worst -> rau - mai rau - cel mai rau
bad inseamna si slab intr-o indeletnicire
Bad teachers are everywhere - Profesori slabi sunt peste tot
Jeff is a worse teacher than others - Jeff e un profesor mai slab decat altii
But he probably is not the worst teacher - Dar probabil ca nu e cel mai slab profesor
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141. little - less - the least -> putin - mai putin - cel mai putin
We had little rain this year - Am avut putina ploaie anul asta
Yes, but last year we had less - Da dar anul trecut am avut mai putina
I know, and two years ago we had the least rain in history - Stiu, si acum doi ani am avut cea mai putina
ploaie din istorie.
142. Desi a little si little, a few si few etc
Nu inseamna chiar acelasi lucru, gradele lor de comparatie sunt la fel
We had a little rain this year
Yes, last year we had less
inseamna
A plouat putin (adica un pic) anul asta
Da, anul trecut a fost mai putina (ploaie)
si
We had little rain this year
But, last year we had even less
inseamna
A plouat putin anul asta
Dar anul trecut am avut si mai putina (ploaie)
143. Pentru a sublinia ideea
la comparativ se zice
than the others - decat ceilalti
iar
la superlativ se zice
of all - dintre toti
This skirt is longer than the others - Aceasta fusta e mai lunga decat celelalte
sau
This skirt is longer than the other skirts - Aceasta fusta e mai lunga decat celalte fuste
iar
This is the longest skirt of all - Aceasta este cea mai lunga fusta
This is the longest of all skirts - Aceasta e cea mai lunga dintre toate fustele
sau
This skirt is longer than the other skirts - sau
144. My book is better than John's book
este exprimarea completa. Dar book se subintelege si de multe ori se omite.
My book is better than John's
dar
My book is better than your book
devine
My book is better than yours
145. Comparatia de egalitate
as ...as
the same...as - la fel ca
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22
161. I - Eu
I se scrie totdeauna cu litera mare, indiferent de locul din propozitie.
.
Eu mananc - I eat
That is where I went - Acolo e locul unde am fost
162. You - Tu, Voi
Si tu si voi in englezeste se zic la fel.
Cateodata se intelege din context daca e tu sau voi, cateodata nu.
De aceea se foloseste de multe ori
all of you - voi toti
sau
you both - voi amandoi
you two - voi doi
you...together - voi...impreuna
You are farmers - Voi sunteti fermieri, nu poate un singur om sa fie mai multi fermieri (deci aici you = voi)
You are a farmer - Tu esti fermier (deasemeni singura posibilitate)
You have a dog - poate sa fie si Tu ai un caine si Voi aveti un caine.
You two have a dog - Voi doi aveti un caine.
163. He - El
He is my brother - El e fratele meu
164. She - Ea
She is my sister - Ea este sora mea
165. It
It se foloseste pentru obiecte, deoarece engleza nu are gen si atunci toate obiectele sau chiar fiintele care nu
conteaza ca gen sunt numite it
. Deasemeni propozitiile care in romaneste nu au subiect prin natura lor, in englezeste folosesc it
I see a fly. It is on the window. - Vad o musca. E pe geam
That table needs fixing. - It has a broken leg. - Masa aceea are nevoie sa fie reparata. Are un picior rupt
It looks like rain - Pare ca o sa ploua.
It must be hard - Trebuie sa fie greu
It's a long way to Tiperarry - E lung drumul la Tiperarry
166. We - Noi
We are twins - Noi suntem gemeni.
167. They - Ei, Ele si plural pentru it
They are waiters - Ei sunt chelneri
They are waitresses - Ele sunt chelnerite
These are the dishes. They need to be washed - Acestea sunt vasele. Trebuiesc spalate
168. mine - al meu
yours - al tau
his - al lui
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hers - al ei
ours - al nostru
yours - al vostru
their - al lor
The pencil is mine - Creionul e al meu
The pen is yours - Pixul e al tau
The notebook is his - Caietul e al lui
The eraser is hers - Guma e a ei
The pencil sharpener is ours - Ascutitoarea e a noastra
The papers are yours - Hartiile sunt ale voastre/ale tale
The ruler is theirs - Linia e a lor
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Forty - 40
Fifty - 50
Sixty - 60
Seventy - 70
Eighty - 80
Ninety - 90
There are sixty minutes in an hour - Sunt 60 de minute intr-o ora
195. 21
Twenty-one - Douazeci si unu
In engleza moderna nu se zice si la nici un numar pana la 99 inclusiv.
In engleza arhaica puteti auzi one and twenty etc
Four and twenty blackbirds baked in a pie - 24 de mierle coapte in placinta
Twenty-one is the legal age for drinking in the US. - 21 de ani e varsta legala pentru baut alcool in SUA.
There are twenty-four hours in a day. - Sunt 24 de ore pe zi
There are seven days in a week - Sunt sapte zile intr-o saptamana
There are fifty-two weeks in a year - Sunt 52 de saptamani intr-un an.
There are a hundred years in a century - Sunt 100 de ani intr-un secol.
196. 101 - 110
one hundred and one - 101
sau
one hundred one - 101
la fel orice numar intre un multiplu de 100 si multiplul respectiv plus 10 poate primi and. Exemplu:
406 - four hundred and six
sau
four hundred six.
356 - three hundred fifty six
One hundred and one dalmatians - O suta unu dalmatieni
Stefan cel Mare died five hundred eight years ago, in 1504. - Stefan cel Mare a murit acum 508 ani in 1504.
This year has three hundred fifty seven days - Anul acesta are 357 zile.
197. a thousand - o mie
ten thousand - 10.000
a hundred thousand - o suta de mii
a million - 1.000.000
a billion - un miliard
A thousand and one nights - O mie si una de nopti
That village has a population of two thousand three hundred seventeen people - Acel sat are o populatie de
2317 locuitori
198. Alta citire pentru mii
se zice mai mult:
2530 - twenty five hundred thirty
si nu
2510 - two thousand five hundred thirty
Columbus sailed the ocean blue
In fourteen hundred ninety two.
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twelfth - al 12-lea
thirteeth - al 13-lea
fourteenth - al 14-lea
fifteenth - al 15-lea
sixteenth - al 16-lea
seventeenth - al 17-lea
eighteenth - al 18-lea
nineteeth - al 19-lea
Avem regula ca la numeralele terminate in y, acesta se transforma in i
sixty - sixtieth
Acestea se scriu prescurtat: 11th, 12th, 354th etc
Eminescu lived in the nineteenth century - Eminescu a trait in secolul 19.
What country is number forty-eighth globally in oil production? Romania. - Ce tara e pe locul 48 in lume la
productia de petrol? Romania
206. Two thirds - Doua treimi
Fractiile in engleza se exprima cu numerale cardinale si ordinale
Numaratorul e numeral cardinal
Numitorul e ordinal
Half - jumatate
A quarter - Un sfert
In engleza americana 0,3 se citeste O point three.
Zero se citeste in engleza ca zero sau O (litera o)
I ate one third of the pie - Am mancat o treime din placinta
Two fifths of the project is done - 2/5 din proiect este terminat
207. A tenth - A zecea parte
A hundredth - A suta parte
Se foloseste un numeral ordinal dar cu articolul nehotarat a
A milimeter is a thousandth of a meter and a tenth of a centimter - Un milimetru e a mia parte dintr-un metru
si a zecea parte dintr-un centimetru
208. What day is today - Ce zi e azi?
In engleza americana luna se scrie inaintea zilei.
Azi e 13 octombrie
Today is the 13th of October (engleza britanica)
Today is October 13th (engleza americana)
Today is October 13 (engleza americana - fara th)
The New York City terrorist attacks took place on September 11, 2001.
They are also called the 9/11 (luna zi) attacks
Atacurile teroriste din New York au avut loc pe 11 Septembrie.
Ele sunt deasemeni numite atacurile 9 11
209. What time is it? - Cat e ceasul?
It is noon - E 12 ziua
It is midnight - E 12 noaptea
10 sau It is 10 o'clock sau It is 10 - E ora zece
It is half past ten. - E zece jumatate
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I talk - Eu vorbesc
You talk - Tu vorbesti
He talks - El votbste
She talks - Ea vorbeste
It talks - Impersonal vorbeste
We talk - Noi vorbim
You talk - Voi vorbiti
They talk - Ei vorbesc
223. Modul de formare al lui Present Tense
pt toate verbele cu exceptia celor auxiliare este urmatorul
Se ia forma verbului la infinitivul scurt (fara to) care se pune la toate persoanele.
La persoana a treia sigular se adauga s
To walk - a merge pe jos
I walk to school and he walks too - Eu merg pe jos la scoala si el merge tot pe jos
224. To eat - a manca
Present continuous e urmatorul
I am eating
You are eating
He is eating
She is eating
We are eating
You are eating
They are eating
225. Modul de formare al lui Present Continuous
pentru toate verbele care primesc acest timp.
Se foloseste prezentul verbul auxiliar to be si se adauga forma de infinitiv scurt (fara to) a verbului de
conjugat la care se adauga terminatia ing.
Shh, people are reading in here! - Shh, citesc oameni aici!
He is talking on the phone - El vorbeste la telefon
226. I am - I'm
Verbul to be la prezent se foloseste foarte mult (inclusiv ca auxiliar) intr-o forma contractata
I am - I'm
You are - You're
He is - He's
We are - We're
You are - You're
They are - They're
I'm a lion tamer - Sunt imblanzitor de lei
I'm Romanian - Sunt roman(ca)
dar si
I'm playing the piano - Cant la pian
They're singing my favorite song - Ei canta cantecul meu favorit
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I've been working on the railroad all live long day - Am muncit la calea ferata cat e ziua de lunga
278. Trecutul Perfect Continuu al verbului to talk - a vorbi este:
I had been talking
You had been talking
He had been talking
She had been talking
We had been talking
You had been talking
They had been talking
279. Modul de formare al lui Past Perfect Continuous pentru toate verbele regulate:si neregulate:
Se foloseste verbul auxiliar to have care se conjuga la Past Tense la fiecare persoana.
Se adauga la toate persoanele been care este forma a treia a verbului auxiliar to be
Se adauga infinitivul scurt al verbului folosit la care se adauga terminatia ing
I had been washing my car when it started raining - Imi spalam masina cand a inceput ploaia
280. Past Perfect Continuous reprezinta o actiune in curs pana la un moment dat trecut cand a fost oprita
de o alta actiune a carui urmari continua si azi.
He had been eating from the chocolate, before you told him it contained peanuts - Manca din ciocolata
inainte sa-i spui ca ea contine alune americane.
281. Future Perfect Continuous al verbului to talk - a vorbi e:
I will have been talking - Eu voi fi vorbit
You will have been talking - Tu vei fi vorbit
He will have been talking - El va fi vorbit
She will have been talking - Ea va fi vorbit
We will have been talking - Noi vom fi vorbit
You will have been talking - Voi veti fi vorbit
They will have been talking - Ei, Ele vor fi vorbit
282. Modul de formare al lui Future Perfect Continuous pentru toate verbele regulate:si neregulate:
Se foloseste forma will care provine de la verbul auxiliar to be
Se foloseste infinitivul scurt have a verbului auxiliar to have
Se adauga la toate persoanele been care este forma a treia a verbului auxiliar to be
Se adauga infinitivul scurt al verbului folosit la care se adauga terminatia ing
It will have been raining for three weeks straight this Monday - Va fi plouat fara intrerupere de trei
saptamani lunea asta.
283. Future Perfect Continuous reprezinta o actiune desfasurata in viitor care se intinde pe o perioada
lunga de timp in trecut si implica o actiune in derulare.
At 4 o'clock that marathon runner will have been running for over five hours, but he refuses to give up. - La
ora 4, acel alergator de maraton va fi alergat de 5 ore, dar el refuza sa se dea batut
284. Exista un numar de verbe care nu exprima o actiune. Aceste verbe sa numesc Linking Verbs (verbe de
legatura), sunt insotite de un substantiv sau de un adjectiv
Pe romaneste ele formeaza predicatul nominal.
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He is ill. - E bolnav.
An ill man - Nu e corect.
afraid: I am afraid - Mi-e frica
asleep: He is asleep - El doarme
alone: I am alone - Sunt singur
alive: I am alive - Sunt viu
aware: I am aware of that - Sunt constient de acest lucru
awake: It's ok, I am awake - E ok, nu dorm
content: I am content - Sunt multumit
due: The paper is due tommorow - Referatul are scadenta maine
ready: I am ready - Sunt gata
unable: I am unable to sing - Nu pot sa cant
glad: I am glad you came - Ma bucur ca ai venit
sorry: I am sorry - Imi pare rau
well: He is well - El e bine
ill: He is ill - El e bolnav
sure: I am sure - Sunt sigur
290. Toate timpurile invatate se refera la Diateza Activa, subiectul propozitiei efectueaza actiunea.
I am eating a boa constrictor - Eu mananc un sarpe boa
291. In Diateza Pasiva actiunea se face asupra subiectului
I am being eaten by a boa constrictor. - Eu sunt mancat de un sarpe boa
The clothes have been rinsed in the washing machine - Hainele au fost clatite in masina de spalat
292. Diateza Pasiva - Present Tense
The crates are lifted by me - Lazile sunt ridicate de mine
La Diateza Activa ar fi fost: I lift crates - Eu ridic lazi.
I am lifted - Eu sunt ridicat
You are lifted - Tu esti ridicat
He is lifted - El este ridicat
She is lifted - Ea este ridicata
We are lifted - Noi suntem ridicati
You are lifted - Voi sunteti ridicati
They are lifted - Ei, Ele sunt ridicati/ridicate
293. Diateza Pasiva - Present Continuous
The creates are being lifted by me
La Diateza Activa ar fi fost: I am lifting crates.
I am being lifted
You are being lifted
He is being lifted
She is being lifted
We are being lifted
You are being lifted
They are being lifted
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Sa ma fi dus ieri, cumparam bilete la spectacol. - If I had gone yesteday, I would've bought tickets to the
show
331. Subjonctivul mai mult ca perfect se poate exprima si omitand if si inversand locul pronumelui
(subiectului) cu verbul auxiliar had
Sa ma fi dus ieri, cumparam bilete la spectacol. - Had I gone yesteday, I would've bought tickets to the show
Had Farmer Jones known, he would've harvested sooner. - Sa fi stiut Fermierul Jones, ar fi recoltat mai
devreme.
332. Subjonctivul viitor se formeza astfel:
If I were to pass the exam I would be ecstatic - Sa trec examenul as fi in culmea fericirii.
333. In englezeste am vazut ca subjonctivul se foloseste atunci cand verbul din principala exprima o dorinta
sau o cerere.
Insa constructia cu conjunctia that intre propozitii apare in multe alte situatii
In aceste situatii regulile pentru subjonctiv nu sunt valabile
Subjonctiv
I wish (that) he pass the class - Imi doresc ca el sa treaca clasa
I wish (that) he were more determined - Mi-as dori sa fie mai hotarat
Nu contine subjonctiv
I see (that) he studies nowadays - Vad ca el studiaza zilele astea
I think (that) in the past he was lazy - Cred ca in trecut era lenes
334. Cand vorbim de acuzativ cu infinitiv verbul din secundara se pune la infinitiv iar pronumele (sau
substantivul) la acuzativ.
Acuzativul cu infinitiv de multe ori (dar nu totdeauna) se traduce in romaneste cu ajutorul subjonctivului.
I want you to go there in loc de I want that you go there.
I want you to go there = Vreau ca tu sa te duci acolo
335. Sa comparam aceste doua forme trecand pronumele al doilea prin toate persoanele.
Vedem aceata constructie de verb (wants) + acuzativ (me/you etc) + infinitiv (to go)
Emily wants that I go there - Emily wants me to go there
Emily wants that you go there - Emily wants you to go there
Emily wants that he go there - Emily wants him to go there
Emily wants that she go there - Emily wants her to go there
Emily wants that Jake go there - Emily wants Jake to go there
Emily wants that we go there - Emily wants us to go there
Emily wants that you go there - Emily wants you to go there
Emily wants that they go there - Emily wants them to go there
336. Nu orice verb in propozitia principala permite folosirea acuzativului cu infinitivul
Urmatoarele verbe sunt doar cateva dintre cele ce NU permit aceasta.
to fall, to run, to talk
337. Verbe care accepta acuzativul cu infinitivul:
1. Verbe care exprima dorinta: (to wish, to want, to like)
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351. Spre deosebire de alte adjective, aceste adjective cu ing pot fi puse dupa substantiv.
Ele se scriu cu cratima.
Insa sensul expresiei se schimba:
eatimg man - barbat care mananca
man-eating - care mananca barbati (oameni)
hunting fox - vupe care vaneaza
fox hunting - vanatoare de vulpi
fishing boat - barca de pescuit
boat-fishing - care pescuieste barci
diving sky - cer care plonjeza
sky-diving - care plonjeaza din cer
352. Exista si adjective compuse in care primul cuvant e un substantiv si al doilea un adjectiv format cu ing.
Impreuna insa ele formeaza un nou adjectiv.
jaw-dropping performance - prestatie extraordinara
jaw-dropping - care cade falca
mind-boggling idea - idee uluitoare
mind-boggling - care zapaceste mintea
eye-popping stunt - cascadorie fantastica
eye-popping - care scoate ochii
353. Asa cum am vazut subjonctivul englez e folosit mult mai rar ca in romana.
In engleza el are numai rolul de a exprima dorinte, cereri pe cand in romana orice verb are subjonctiv.
In multe cazuri subjonctivul romanesc in englezeste se traduce printr-un verb cu forma ing
Before eating some people pray. - Inainte sa manance unii oameni se roaga
Instead of crying over spilt milk buy some more milk. - In loc sa plangi dupa laptele varsat, mai cumpara
lapte
They began working - Ei au inceput sa lucreze
I like starting new things - Imi place sa incep lucruri noi
I think seeing a movie is the best idea. - Cred ca sa vedem un film e cea mai buna idee.
354. Ca si in romana (unde totusi in ziua de azi nu e uzual) subjonctivul (forma cu ing in engleza) poate fi
inlocuit cu infinitivul
Aceasta formulare in engleza e mult folosita, in continuare.
Unele verbe primesc aceasta inlocuire altele nu.
Unele nu accepta forma cu ing, si in schimb accepta infinitivul
Totul depinde de predicatul propozitiei.
Romaneste
Vreau sa pictez - Vreau a picta
Englezeste
Cazuri cand se foloseste numai infinitivul
I want to sing - Vreau sa cant
He decided to come - A hotarat sa vina
Cazuri cand se foloseste numai forma cu ing
He mentioned seeing the movie - A mentionat ca a vazut filmul
Cazuri cand se foloseste oricare forma
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361. Lista de prepozitii care cer forma cu ING atunci cand se foloseste un verb dupa ele
against, at, after, by, on, instead of, talk about, tired of, without
We are against bombing other countries - Suntem impotriva bombardarii altor tari
He is good at telling stories - El e bun la spus povesti
After finishing the paper I went to bed - Dupa ce am terminat lucrarea m-am dus la culcare
By passing this round I am now qualified for the final - Trecand de aceasta runda, m-am calificat pentru
finale.
On meeting the president he was speechless - La intalnirea cu presedintele el a ramas fara cuvinte
Instead of going to the circus, let's go to the zoo.- In loc sa mergem la circ hai sa mergem la zoo.
Let's talk about catching rhinos - Hai sa vorbim despre prinderea de rinoceri
I am tired of hearing about this. - M-am saturat sa aud de asta
He left without saying a word - A plecat fara sa zica un cuvant
362. Cateva exemple de propozitii care in romaneste se traduc cu ca, dar care in engleza folosesc tot forma
cu ING:
I remember seeing him - Imi amintesc ca l-am vazut
I admit telling her - Recunosc ca i-am spus
I swear telling the truth - Jur ca am spus adevarul
cu traduceri exacte
I remember that I saw him
I admit that I told her
I swear that I told the truth
363. Participiul trecut al verbului to break e broken (a treia forma din lista de verbe neregulate).
Ca si in romana participiul trecut al unei actiuni poate deveni adjectiv care sugereaza o insusire dobandita in
trecut.
Breaking news - Stiri foarte noi (care sparg) - foloseste participiul prezent
breaking
insa
Broken arm - Mana rupta (sparta) - foloseste participiul trecut broken
364. Exemple de adjective provenite din participiul trecut
melted ice - gheata care s-a topit
melting ice - gheata care se topeste
sunken treasure - comoara ingropata
forgotten facts - fapte uitate
colored eggs - oua vopsite
fattened calf - vitelul ingrasat
burnt bread - paine arsa
heated cofee - cafea incalzita
365. Participiul Trecut poate fi folosit si fara sa fie adjectiv.
Pentru noi ca romani e mai directa si de preferat aceasta constructie, pentru cei ce nu sunt avansati.
A building, damaged by the earthquake, was torn down.- O cladire, avariata de cutremur, a fost demolata
mai englezeste ar fi fost
An earthquake damaged building was torn down
A man, hit by a ball, started yelling - Un barbat, lovit de o minge, a inceput sa strige.
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366. Participiul Perfect reprezinta o actiune terminata care duce la o alta actiune.
Se formeaza din having si participiul trecut al verbului.
Having finished the project she went for a walk. - Terminand (Deoarece terminase) proiectul, ea s-a dus sa se
plimbe.
Having spent all his money, the student called home. - Deoarece isi cheltuise toti banii, studentul a sunat
acasa.
367. Imperativul in limba engleza
Acest timp se foloseste in comenzi, sugestii, instructiuni, invitatii.
Daca nu e insotitt de Please - te rog ca si in romana de multe ori e nepoliicos
Subiectul imperativului e subinteles, si se foloseste rar.
Cand persoana e specificata prin nume, acesta se pune sau la inceputul sau (de preferinta) la sfarsitul
propozitiei.
Nepoliticos:
Shut up! Taci din gura!
Get out! - Iesi afara!
Politicos!
Please be quiet!
Please, leave! - Te rog pleaca!
Se zice:
Come on! - Haide!
Andrew! Come on! - Andrew!Haide!
Come on, Andrew! - Haide, Andrew
368. Cazurile de imperativ din engleza sunt asemenea limbii romane, anume se foloseste persoana a 2a la
toate verbele in afara lui to be
In cazul verbului to be - a fi la imperativ se pastreaza forma de infinitiv.
Andrew merge. - Andrew walks. (pers.a 3a)
Andrew, mergi! - Andrew walk!(pers.a 2a)
dar
Andrew este atent. - Andrew is careful.
Andrew fii atent! - Andrew be careful!
Observatie:
Be careful! inseamna Fii atent la ce faci. Fii atent! la lectie se zice Pay attention!
369. Alta construcitie a imperativului des intalnita, este folosind verbul to let - a lasa
Pentru orice verb care accepta o asemenea constructie Let'ssau Let us inseamna Hai sa
Open the door and let me come in! - Deschide usa si lasa-ma sa intru!
Let me in! - lasa-ma sa intru!
Let me go! - Da-mi drumul!
Let us pray - Sa ne rugam
Let's play! - Hai sa ne jucam
Let's eat! - Hai sa mancam
Let's dance! - Hai sa dansam!
Ok, let's! - Bine, hai!
370. Cateodata se pune Do in fata infinitivului pentru a il face mai politicos.
Cand punem Do nu mai punem Please - Te rog
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376. Atunci cand folosim Past Tense care nu e un timp compus si deci negatia contine do, do se pune la
trecut nu verbul.
Deasemenea do la prezent devine does la persoana a 3a singular
I did not wash my hands - Nu m-am spalat pe maini.
He does not know me - Nu ma cunoaste
We did not see him there - Nu l-am vazut acolo.
377. Do not se contracta in don't. Did not in didn't
I do not smoke - Nu fumez
She does not teach anymore - Ea nu mai preda
We do not do that - Nu facem asta
devin
I don't smoke
She doesn't teach anymore
We don't do that
378. Present Tense - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.
I do not wash - I don't wash
You do not wash - You don't wash
He does not wash - He doesn't wash
She do not wash - She doesn't wash
We do not wash - We don't wash
You do not wash - You don't wash
They do not wash - They don't wash
379. Present Continuous - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.
I am not washing - I'm not washing
You are not washing - You're not washing
He is not washing - He's not washing
She's not washing - She's not washing
We are not washing - We're not washing
You are not washing - You aren't washing
They are not washing - They aren't washing
380. Past Tense - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.
I did not wash - I didn't wash
You did not wash - You didn't wash
He did not wash - He didn't wash
She did not wash - She didn't wash
We did not wash - We didn't wash
You did not wash - You didn't wash
They did not wash - They didn't wash
381. Present Perfect - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.
I have not washed - I haven't washed
You have not washed - You haven't washed
He has not washed - He hasn't washed
She has not washed - She hasn't washed
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387. Present Perfect Continuous - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.
I have not been washing - I've not been washing
You have not been washing - You haven't been washing
He has not been washing - He hasn't been washing
She has not been washing - She hasn't been washing
We have not have washing - We haven't been washing
You have not been washing - You haven't been washing
They have not been washing - They havn't been washing
388. Diateza Pasiva - Present Tense - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.
I am not washed - I'm not washed
You are not washed - You're not washed
He is not washed - He's not washed
She is not washed - She's not washed
We are not washed - We're not washed
You are not washed - You're not washed
They are not washed - They're not washed
389. Diateza Pasiva - Present Continuous - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.
I am not being washed - I'm not being washed
You are not being washed - You're not being washed
He is not being washed - He's not being washed
She is not being washed - She's not being washed
We are not being washed - We're not being washed
You are not being washed - You're not being washed
They are not being washed - They're not being washed
390. Diateza Pasiva - Past Tense - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.
I was not washed - I wasn't washed
You were not washed - You weren't washed
He was not washed - He wasn't washed
She was not washed - She wasn't washed
We were not washed - We weren't washed
You were not washed - You weren't washed
They were not washed - They were'nt washed
391. Diateza Pasiva - Present Perfect - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.
I have not been washed - I've not been washed
You have not been washed - You haven't been washed
He has not been washed - He hasn't been washed
She has not been washed - She hasn't been washed
We have not have washed - We haven't been washed
You have not been washed - You haven't been washed
They have not been washed - They havn't been washed
392. Diateza Pasiva - Past Continuous - Forma negativa si contractia verbului to wash - a spala.
I was not being washed - I wasn't being washed
You were not being washed - You weren't being washed
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se formeaza cu ajutorul verbului auxiliar to do NU se face inversarea verbului cu subiectul ca in cazul lui to
be.
You work at night - Lucrezi noaptea.
You drive - Conduci.
I know you - Te cunosc
They all live in a yellow submarine - Ei locuiesc toti intr-un submarin galben.
Lucrezi noaptea? - Do you work at night?
Do you drive? - Conduci?
Do I know you? - Te cunosc?
Do they all live in a yellow submarine?- Locuiesc ei toti intr-un submarin galben?
403. Aunci cand in intrebari se cere folosirea verbului to do acesta preia persoana si timpul verbului de baza.
Astfel persoana a treia a verbului pierde litera s si la orice persoana verbul ramane la infinitiv.
He plays cards - El joaca carti
She rides horses - Ea calareste cai.
My green parrot flies well - Papagalul meu verde zboara bine.
You did your homework - Ti-ai facut temele.
Does he play cards? - El joaca carti?
Does she ride horses? - Ea calareste?
Does your green parrot fly well? - Zboara bine papagalul tau verde?
Did you play cards? - Tu ai jucat carti?
Did she play cards? - Ea a jucat carti?
Did they ride horses - Au calarit ei cai? Did your geen parrot fly well? - Zbura bine papagalul tau verde?
Did you do your homework - Ti-ai facut temele?
404. La interogatii daca timpul este compus do nu se foloseste dar se schimba ordinea pronumelui
cuprimul auxiliar.
You had eaten enough. - Mancasei destul.
She has always come home for Christmas.- Totdeauna a venit acasa de Craciun.
You have been jogging lately - Ai facut jogging in ultimul timp.
We will overcome - Vom invinge.
. The cowboy is riding in the moonlight. - Cowboyul calareste in lumina lunii.
Had you eaten enough? - Mancasei destul?
Has she always come home for Christmas? - A venit ea totdeauna acasa de Craciun?
Have you been jogging lately? - Ai facut jogging in ultimul timp?
Will we overcome? - Vom invinge?
Is the cowboy riding in the moonlight? - Calareste cowboyul la lumina lunii?
405. Propozitii interogative fara inversare You work tonight - Lucrezi diseara
Do you work tonight - Lucrezi diseara?
Se poate spune si
You are working tonight? (deci fara inversare, dar nu este propriu-zis o intrebare, exprima mirarea (You
work tonight !?!)
I like to eat grapefruit. - Imi place sa mananc grep.
Do you like to eat grapefruit? - Iti place sa mananci grep?
You like to eat grapefruit?!? - Iti place sa mananci grep?!?
He has gone to hunt lions.- S-a dus sa vaneze lei.
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420. Formarea unui interogativ dintr-o propozitie negativa in cazul altui verb decat to be.
Do you like cheese? - Iti place branza?
Don't you like cheese - Nu iti place branza?
Will he paint your portrait? - Iti va picta portretul?
Won't he paint your portrait? - Nu iti va picta portretul?
Have you planted your garden? - Ti-ai plantat gradina?
Haven't you planted your garden? - Nu ti-ai plantat gradina?
Have you been talking on the phone? - Ai vorbit la telefon?
Haven't you been talking on the phone?
421. Formularea raspunsului DA/NU la intrebarile fara negatie.
Se face in functie de formularea intrebarii.
La intrebari formulate cu verbul to be, se raspunde tot prin verbul to be.
La intrebari formulate cu auxliarul to do, se raspunde tot prin to do.
La intrebari formulate cu auxliarul to have, se raspunde tot prin to have.
La intrebari formulate cu auxliarul will, se raspunde tot cu will.
Daca mai multe din aceste auxiliare apar intr-o intrebare, se raspunde cu auxiliarul inversat. (Cel din fata
subiectului).
Do you play the trombone? - Canti la trombon?
Da - yes
Da cant - Yes I do (si nu yes I play)
Da cant la trombon - Yes I do play the trombone
Nu - No
Nu, nu cant - No I don't
No I don't play the trombone
Are you Romanian? - Yes, I am
Esti roman(ca) - Da, sunt.
Am I smart? - Yes, you are
Sunt destept/desteapta? - Da esti.
Are we late? - No, we are not
Am intarziat? - Nu, nu am intarziat
Did you have a good time? - Yes I did
Te-ai distrat - Da.
Do you like ships? - No, I get seasick.
Iti plac vapoarele? - Nu, am rau de mare.
Have I offended him? - Yes, you have.
L-am jignit? Da.
Had you known about this? - No, I hadn't
Stiai asta? - Nu, nu stiam
Will you be telling the teacher? - No I won't
Ii vei spune profesoarei? - Nu.
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Long ago, people could be happy even without running water.- Demult, oamenii puteau fi fericiti si fara apa
curenta
He could have been lost in the woods when I called him and he didn't answer - Putea sa se fii ratacit in
padure cand l-am strigat si nu mi-a raspuns.
448. Folosim will have, should have + participiul trecut pentru probabilitati trecute.
They will have sold there products yesterday - Ei isi vor fi vandut produsele ieri. (nu prea este folosit)
He should have been back yesterday.- Trebuia sa se intoarca de ieri.
449. Urmatoarele verbe modale sunt folosite pentru actiuni din trecut: Must, might, could, may, can't +
have + past participle
My dog must have kept you up last night.- Cainele trebuie sa te fi tinut treaz toata noaptea
He might have been hungry - Poate ca ii era foame.
He could havr been frightened by something - Poate ca au fost speriati de ceva
He may have been ill - Poate ca era bolnav
He can't have barked for nothing - Nu poate sa fii latrat degeaba.
450. Verbele modale exprima de multe ori putinta de a face ceva.
Aceasta este de exemplu abilitatea generala de a face ceva, abilitate care daca este adevarata, este totdeauna
adevarata, cum este vorbitul unei limbi straine de exemplu.
Alte abilitati sunt specifice, exista sau nu in anumite momente, cum ar fi sa si mentina echilibrul, sau sa
aiba destui bani ca sa plateasca ceva.
451. Can sau can't se folosesc si pentru abilitati generale si pentru abilitati specifice.
I can ride a bike - Eu pot sa merg cu bicicleta
I can pay - Pot eu sa platesc
He can't sing because he is hoarse.- Nu poate sa cante pentru ca e ragusit
We can't send the letter today. - Nu putem sa trimitem astazi scrisoarea
452. La trecut can/can't cand exprima abilitati generale se transforma in could/couldn't
I could ride a bike even in first grade.- Puteam sa merg pe bicicleta chiar si in clasa intai
I could pay all my bills before the crisis - Inainte de criza, puteam sa-mi platesc toate facturile.
We couldn't send the letters today - Nu am putut sa trimitem azi scrisorile
453. Pentru abilitati specifice avute in trecut deoarece can nu are forma de trecut se foloseste verbul to be
able to anume lui can/can't in acest caz ii corespunde was able to/couldn't
When the fire started, because there was no wind, I was able to put it out by myself. - Cand a inceput
incendiul, deoarece nu era vant, am putut sa-l sting singur.
We couldn't find the lost dog. - Nu am putut sa gasim cainele pierdut
I was able to open the door though it was stuck - Am reusit sa deschid usa desi era intepenita
454. Could/couldn't poate reprezenta o abilitate din trecut care nu mai exista in prezent:
I could have played the violin but I didn't practice enough.- As fi putut sa cant la vioara, dar nu am exersat
destul.
We could have come earlier. - Puteam sa venim mai devreme
455. La viitor can/can't devine will be able to/won't be able to in cazul abilitatilor generale
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I will be able to repair a TV set after those classes. - Voi putea sa repar un televizor, dupa ce urmez cursurile
acelea.
He won't be able to understand those formulas. - Nu va fi in stare sa inteleaga acele formule.
456. In cazul abilitatii specifice la viitor can/can't ramane can/can't.
I can come see you tomorrow - Pot sa vin sa te vad maine
I can't take the exam next week.- Nu pot sa dau examenul saptamana viitoare.
457. Verbele modale have to, must, should pot exprima obligatia de a face ceva
I have to keep it a secret - Trebuie sa pastrez secretul
You must be polite - Trebuie sa fii politicos
You should speak louder - Ar trebui sa vorbesti mai tare
458. Have to reprezinta o obligatie puternica, mai ales impusa din afara
Children have to learn to read - Copii trebuie sa invete sa citeasca
The fugitive has to turn himself in. - Fugarul trebuie sa se predea
459. Prin urmare don't have to reprezinta lipsa unei obligatii.
De multe ori se pronunta apasat.
Don't have to nu te restrictioneaza de la a face ceva.
Inseamna doar ca nu este nevoie, dar daca vrei sa faci este alegerea ta.
I don't have to go to college, but I would like to. - Nu trebuie sa merg la facultate, dar mi-ar place
460. Must este de asemeni o obligatie puternica, mai ales cand e venita de la vorbitor.
I must clean my room - Trebuie sa-mi fac curat in camera
461. Mustn't sububliniaza ca nu este voie sau ca este o idee proasta.
You mustn't cross the street if there is no trafficlight. Trebuie sa nu traversezi daca nu exista stop.
462. Should/shouldn't reprezinta o obligatie mai putin stringenta:
You should exercise daily - Trebuie sa faci miscare zilnic
You shouldn't quarrel.- Nu trebuie sa va certati
463. La trecut have to/don't have to devine had to /didnt have to
I had to go to bed at nine as a child - Trebuia sa ma culc la noua cand eram copil
I didn't have to rescue the cat, but I wanted to. - Nu eram obligat sa salvez pisica, dar asa am vrut.
464. Must la trecut devine tot had to
I had to clean my room last week because my friend was coming over. - A trebuit sa-mi fac curat in camera
saptamana trecuta, pentru ca venea in vizita pritenul/prietena mea.
465. Must not la trecut nu exista.
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466. Should/ shouldn't devine la trecut should have/shouldn't have si exprima un regret
You should have saved some money. - Ar fi trebuit sa economisesti niste bani
I shouldn't have yelled at my best friend. - Nu trebuia sa tip la prietenul meu cel mai bun
467. Verbele modale can, could si may pot exprima o permisiune pe care vorbitorul o cere sau o primeste.
Can I drive the car? Yes you can/No you can't - Pot(imi dai voie) sa conduc masina? Da, poti/Nu, nu poti
Could I borrow this book? Yes you could/No you couldn't - As putea sa imprumut aceasta carte? Da/Nu.
May I join you? Yes you may / No you may not.- Pot sa stau cu voi? Da poti/ Nu nu poti.
468. Verbele will si would pot exprima obiceiuri, tabieturi si in acest context de multe ori insotesxc
subjonctivul.
I would often have a cup of cofee in the morning. - De multe ori beam o cafea dimineata
I will always sing in the shower! - Totdeauna voi canta in dus!
469. Intrebari Disjunctive
Sunt intrebari care in romana se traduc prin nu-i asa?
Ele insa exprima mai mult si deseori depind de intonatia celui care le pronunta.
Se formeaza cu verbe auxiliare sau cu verbe modale
You'll be there, won't you? - Vei fi acolo, nu?
You ate all the cake, didn't you! - Ai mancat tot tortul, nu-i asa? (spus cu mare suparare)
I can come, can't I? - Pot sa vin si eu, nu? (intrebare capcana)
He is so smart isn't he? - E atat de destept, nu-i asa? (entuziasm)
He is that smart, is he? - Asa-i de destept, da?(mare indoiala)
They lost the money, didn't they? - Au pierdut banii nu? (banuiala sincera) They lost the money did they? Au pierdut banii, da?(suspiciune)
470. Formarea de Intrebari Disjunctive (CLASICE)
Pasul A.
1. Daca propozitia de baza e afirmativa - disjunctia se formeaza prin adaugarea unei negatii.
2. Daca propozitia de baza e negativa - disjunctia se formeaza prin adaugarea unei afirmatii.
It is hot today, isn't it?
It is not hot today, is it?
Pasul B.
Disjunctia e o intrebare
1.Pentru verbe modale, se foloseste verbul modal respectiv.
2.Pentru verbul to be - se foloseste verbul to be (cu inversarea tipica intrebarilor)
3.Pentru orice alt verb se foloseste particula necesara timpului respectiv (do, does, will, has etc) dar verbul
din propozitie se omite
You can sing, can't you?
He is here, isn't he?
You play the piano, don't you?
Atentie!
NU SE ZICE: You play the piano, don't you play the piano? sau He is here, isn't he here? (daca TOTUSI
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The car door was bent in the accident - Usa de la masina s-a indoit in accident
Some lawyers bend the truth - Unii avocati distorsioneaza adevarul
Will you bend the rule a bit, this time? - Vrei sa faci o mica exceptie de la regula, de data asta?
480. 8.Bet - Bet - Bet - A pune pariu
That is the horse I bet my money on - Acesta e calul pe care mi-am pariat banii.
Your best bet is to see a lawyer - Cea mai buna solutie e sa mergi la un avocat
I bet you'll like the trip - Pun pariu ca o sa-ti placa calatoria
481. 9.Bid - Bid - Bid - A oferi un pret
Let the bidding begin! - Sa inceapa ofertele de pret!
He bid the kind family farewell - Si-a luat la revedere de la familia buna la inima.
482. 10.Bind - Bound - Bound - A lega (sfori, carti etc)
Serfs in the Middle Ages were bound to the land - Iobagii din Evul Mediu erau legati de pamant
The villagers bound up the robber - Satenii l-au legat pe hot
483. 11.Bite - Bit - Bitten - A musca
He was bitten by 22 cats and a kitten - A fost muscat de 22 de pisici si un pisoi.
He bit the bait - A muscat din momeala
A mosqito bit me - M-a ciupit un tantar
484. 12.Bleed - Bled - Bled - A sangera
His nose was bleeding - Ii curgea sange din nas.
The color of the shirt bled into the other fabrics and now everything is brown - Culoarea de la camasa s-a
raspandit in celelalte materiale si acum totul e maroniu
485. 13.Blow - Blew - Blown - A sufla
The wind blew his hat off - Vantul i-a luat palaria
Blow your nose! she said to her little boy. - Sufla-ti nasul! a spus ea baietelului ei.
The bomb almost blew up in my face! - Bomba aproape ca mi-a explodat in fata!
He blew out the candles - A stins lumanarile (sufland in ele)
486. 14.Break - Broke - Broken - A (se) sparge, A se strica
He broke the vase! - A spart vaza!
He broke his arm! - Si-a rupt mana!
The TV is broke. - Televizorul e stricat.
He broke the world record - A depasit recordul mondial
He broke the law - A incalcat legea
They broke up - S-au despartit.
We'll break for cofee. - Vom face o pauza de cafea.
487. 15.Bring - Brought - Brought - A aduce
I brought supplies for the troops - Am adus provizii pentru trupe
The enemy was brought to his knees - Dusmanul a fost infrant(ingenuncheat)
The quarrel brought out the worst in him - Cearta a scos la iveala toate caracteristicile lui negative
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I want to dig up my garden this spring - Vreau sa imi sap gradina in primavara asta
Don't dig your nails into my arm like that! - Nu-ti mai baga unghiile in bratul meu!
He dug up a treasure!Unbelivable! - A scos din pamant o comoara! Formidabil!
505. 33.Dive - Dived/Dove - Dived
He dived into the crowd - A plonjat in multime
He dived into the ocean waves - A plonjat in valurile oceanului
506. 34.Do - Did - Done - A face
The boy did his homework - Baiatul si-a facut temele
He did the dishes - El a spalat vasele
He always does his duty - El totdeauna isi face datoria
There is still a lot to do - Mai sunt multe de facut
What do you do for a living? - Cu ce te ocupi?
Do your best, leave the rest - Fa totul cat mai bine, nu te deranja de altceva
She does her hair every morning - Isi face parul in fiecare dimineata
He did jail time for car theft - A facut puscarie pentru furt de masini
Do as the teacher says - Fa cum iti spune profesoara
A ham sandwich would do nicely - Un sendvis cu sunca ar merge bine
That should do it - Asta rezolva problema
I could do without this - As trai si fara asta (spus de ceva care te deranjeaza)
507. 35.Draw - Drew - Drawn - A desena, a scoate
He can't draw - El nu poate sa deseneze
I will draw the conclusions - Voi prezenta concluziile.
They still draw water from a fountain - Ei inca scot apa din fantana.
The nurse came to draw blood - Asistenta medicala a venit sa ia sange
If you wear a turban you will draw attention - Daca porti un turban ai sa atragi atentie
508. 36.Dream - Dreamt/Dreamed - Dreamt/Dreamed - A visa
I dream of going to Hawaii - Visez sa merg in Hawaii
Last night, I dreamed I was flying over the moon - Azi noapte am visat ca zburam deasupra lunii.
509. 37.Drink - Drank - Drunk - A bea
I drink a cup of milk in the morning - Dimineata beau un pahar de lapte.
I sat in the forest, and drank in the beauty around me. - Am stat in padure si am absorbit frumusetea din jur.
510. 38.Drive - Drove - Driven - A conduce
He drives a taxi - El conduce un taxi
She'll be driving six white horses - Ea va conduce sase cai albi.
The enemy was driven out of the country - Inamicul a fost izgonit din tara
He drives me crazy - Ma innebuneste
Water drives the turbine - Apa pune in miscare turbina
What are you driving at? - Unde bati?
511. 39.Eat - Ate - Eaten - A manca
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It seems you've run out of luck, we have no more umbrellas - Se pare ca te-a lasat norocul, nu mai avem
umbrele.
571. 99.Saw - Sawed - Sawn/Sawed - A taia cu fierastraul
I always saw off the Christmas tree branches before getting rid of it - Totdeauna tai ramurile la brad inainte
sa ma descotorosesc de el.
572. 100. Say - Said - Said - A spune
Say something! - Zi ceva!
"I made a mistake!" "I'll say" - "Am gresit!" "Si inca cum"
Let's say it's so - Sa spunem ca asa e.
He said goodye and rode off. - Si-a luat ramas bun si a plecat pe cal.
573. 101.See - Saw - Seen - A vedea, a intelege
I see an eagle in the sky - Vad un vultur pe cer
I see what your saying. - Inteleg ce spui.
I see her as the leader - O vad pe ea in postul de conducator
Please see what they want - Te rog vezi ce vor.
He is seeing somebody - Se vede cu cineva
The doctor will see you now - Poti intra in cabinetul doctorului.
See that they do it right - Vezi sa faca treaba bine.
He had to see the ruins for himself - A trebuit sa vada ruinele cu ochii lui.
Please see the guests to the door - Te rog condu-i pe musafiri.
574. 102.Seek - Sought - Sought - A cauta
I'll go seek help - Ma duc sa caut ajutor
He is seeking employment - Cauta o slujba.
575. 103.Sell - Sold - Sold - A (se) vinde
I want to sell the house - Vreau sa vand casa
Apples don't sell so well anymore - Merele nu se mai vand asa de bine.
He was sold on the idea of a rooftop garden - I-a placut ideea unei gradini pe acoperis.
576. 104.Send - Sent - Sent - A trimite
He sent me a letter - Mi-a trimis o scrisoare
They sent the children to boarding school - Au trimis copiii la internat
The football player sent the ball out of the field - Jucatorul de fotbal a trimis mingea in afara terenului.
I was sent for, wasn't I? - Am fost chemat(a), nu?
577. 105.Set - Set - Set - A aseza, a aranja
He set the statuette on the table - A pus statueta pe masa
He set the house on fire - A dat foc la casa
I set the alarm clock at 8 - Am pus ceasul sa sune la 8
He must set the table by 6 - Trebuie sa puna masa pana in ora 6.
It's all set - Totu-i aranjat.
You must set a good example for your little sister - Trebuie sa fii un model pentru sora ta mai mica.
The sun sets at 8. - Soarele apune la 8.
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Set apart the clothes you will need - Aseaza deoparte hainele de care vei avea nevoie.
Let me set forth my ideas - Lasa-ma sa-ti prezint ideile mele.
His smoking set off the fire detector - Fumatul lui a pornit detectorul de incendii.
I set up shop in town - Mi-am ridicat un magazin in oras.
578. 106.Sew - Sewed - Sewn/Sewed - A coase
He is sewing the hem of his pants - El isi coase tivul la pantaloni.
579. 107.Shake - Shook - Shaken - A tremura, a scutura
To shiver with cold - A tremura de frig.
The hunter started shaking when he saw the lion. - Vanatorul a inceput sa tremure cand a vazut leul.
The night the earth shook - Noaptea cand pamantul s-a zguduit.
To shake hands - A da mana.
She shook the tambourine and the music played - Ea scutura tamburina iar muzica rasuna.
We shook hands on it - Ne-am inteles
580. 108.Shave - Shaved - Shaven/Shaved - A (se) rade
He shaved his mustache this morning - Si-a ras mustata in dimineata asta.
He shaved the wood carefully - A dat cu atentie lemnul la rindea.
581. 109.Shed - Shed - Shed - A pierde (par, kilograme, lacrimi etc)
A pierde ceva e to lose
He shed tears in silence - Plangea in liniste
What you said shed some light on this mystery. - Ceea ce mi-ai spus a aruncat putina lumina asupra acestui
mister.
The oaktree has shed its leaves. - Stejarul s-a lepadat de frunze.
My dog's hair is shedding - Cainelui meu ii cade par din blana.
582. 110.Shine - Shone - Shone - A straluci
Moonlight shone on the forest path - Lumina lunii stralucea pe cararea din padure
The happiness that shone in his eyes said it all - Bucuria care-i stralucea in ochi era graitoare.
583. 111.Shoe - Shod - Shod - A (se) incalta
Uzual pentru a se incalta e to put on one's shoes
Astazi se foloseste aproape numai cand vorbim de cai.
Who will shoe your pretty little feet? - Cine-ti va incalta piciorusele?
He shoes horses - E potcovar
584. 112.Shoot - Shot - Shot - A impusca
I shot the sheriff - L-am impuscat pe serif.
Peter shot an angry look at him - Peter i-a aruncat o privire suparata.
Water shot out of the pipe - A tasnit apa din teava.
Pain shot through my arm - O durere m-a sagetat in brat
94
95
My great grandmother could spin very well. We still have her spinning wheel - Strabunica mea torcea foarte
bine. Inca avem masina ei de tors.
We play football with our fingers, by spinning coins. - Jucam fotbal cu degetele, invartind monezi.
She spins wonderful stories - Ea spune niste povesti minunate.
My head is spinning - Ma simt ametit (mi se invarte capul)
602. 130.Spit - Spat/Spit - Spat/Spit - A scuipa
Stop spitting out the medicine! - Nu mai scuipa medicamentele!
He is constantly spitting out insults - El tot timpul arunca (scuipa) insulte.
603. 131.Split - Split - Split - A taia, a imparti
Will you please split the watermelon in two? - Vrei te rog sa tai pepenele in doua?
I will split the cake equally - Voi imparti tortul in mod egal.
604. 132.Spoil - Spoilt/Spoiled - Spoilt/Spoiled - A alinta, a se strica
You spoil that child too much! - Alinti copilul prea mult.
The milk has spoilt - Laptele s-a stricat
605. 133.Spread - Spread - Spread - A (se) intinde
Would you like to spread butter on your toast? - Ti-ar place sa intinzi unt pe painea prajita?
Please spread out the tablecloth - Te rog intinde fata de masa.
The news spread fast - Vestea s-a raspandit repede.
Take a picture when the eagle spreads its wings. - Fa o poza cand vulturul isi intinde aripile.
606. 134.Spring - Sprang - Sprung - A sari (din ghemuit, ca un arc)
The tiger sprang from the bushes - Tigrul a sarit din tufisuri.
Small stores are springing up everywhere - Magazine mici apar (ca din senin) peste tot.
She has a spring to her step lately - Se simte o vioiciune deosebita (o bucurie) in mersul ei in ultima vreme.
An idea sprang into my mind. - Mi-a venit o idee in minte.
607. 135.Stand - Stood - Stood - A sta in picioare
Stand still! - Nu te misca!
All the seats on the bus were taken, so I stood the whole time. - Toate locurile din autobuz erau luate asa ca
am stat in picioare tot timpul.
The old house is still standing - Vechea casa inca mai exista
Does the agreement still stand? - Mai e valabila intelegerea?
His paintings stood the test of time - Picturile lui au rezistat trecerii timpului, sunt inca celebre.
I can't stand math - Nu suport matematica.
They stood by me in tough times - Ei m-au sustinut in vremuri grele.
I stand for Women's Rights - Sustin drepturile femeilor.
The republic for which it stands - Republica pe care o reprezinta.
A flamingo stands on one leg - Un flamingo sta intr-un picior.
Please stand up! - Va rog sculati-va in picioare.
608. 136.Steal - Stole - Stolen - A fura
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He was swearing and cursing everyone around - Ii injura si ii blestema pe toti cei din jur.
Don't swear at him! - Nu il mai injura!
617. 145.Sweat - Sweat/Sweated - Sweat/Sweated - A transpira
I sweat bullets when I work out - Transpir din greu (gloante) cand ma antrenez.
618. 146.Sweep - Swept/Sweeped - Swept/Sweeped - A matura
Let me sweep the kitchen - Lasa-ma sa matur in bucatarie
The flood waters swept away everything in their path.- Inundatia a maturat totul din calea ei.
The hills sweep down to the sea. - Dealurile coboara pana la mare.
619. 147.Swell - Swelled - Swollen - A se umfla
The river is swelling - Raul se umfla
Your face is swollen - Ai fata umflata
620. 148.Swim - Swam - Swum - A inota
I swam 50 laps - Am inotat 50 de lungimi de bazin.
I dream of swimming in money someday - Visez ca intr-o zi sa inot in bani
621. 149.Swing - Swung - Swung - A (se) legana
The monkey was swinging from its tail - Maimuta se legana atarnata de coada.
He doesn't swing his arms when walking - Nu isi leagana bratele cand merge.
He came swinging down the road, whistling a tune - Venea vesel pe drum fluierandu o melodie
622. 150.Take - Took - Taken - A lua
Did you take your medicine today? - Ti-ai luat azi doctoriile?
Take a bus to school - Du-te cu autobuzul la scoala
His reactions always take me by surprise - Reactiile lui totdeauna ma iau prin surprindere.
He took her hand in marriage - El s-a insurat cu ea. (i-a luat mana in casatorie)
He took a seat - A luat loc
Take a picture - Fa o poza
Take your time - Nu te grabi
Take comfort in your daughter - Gaseste-ti consolarea in fata ta.
Take a left turn and you are there - Ia-o la stanga si ai ajuns.
You should take your temperature - Ar trebui sa-ti iei temperatura
Take a walk - Du-te la plimbare
Take a break - Fa o pauza.
Take down the curtains - Da jos perdelele
Take off your coat - Scoate-ti haina
Can you please take out this splinter? - Poti te rog sa-mi scoti aceasta aschie?
He took off - A plecat in graba
As I take it, he's not coming home - Dupa cate inteleg eu, el nu va veni acasa.
623. 151.Teach - Taught - Taught - A invata pe altii
Can you teach me English? - Ma poti invata engleza?
He taught History all his life. - Toata viata el a predat istoria.
99
He upset the vase and it broke - A rasturnat vaza care s-a spart.
Stop upsetting your brother - Nu-l mai necaji pe fratele tau
Why is he so upset? - De ce e el atat de suparat?
633. 161.Wake - Woke - Woken - A trezi
Wake me up in an hour - Scoala-ma peste-un ceas
That moment was for me a wake up call - Momentul acela a fost pentru mine unul de trezire.
Romanian, wake up from the sleep of death - Desteapta-te romane din somnul cel de moarte
634. 162.Wear - Wore - Worn - A purta
On her head she wore a yellow ribbon - Purta pe cap o funda galbena
Wear a coat it's freezing outside - Poarta o haina e foarte frig afara
He wears glasses - El poarta ochelari
I will wait until the alcohol has worn off - Am sa astept pana se duce efectul alcoolului.
Children can wear you out - Copiii te pot epuiza
My car is so worn down I am afraid to drive it sometimes - Masina mea e atat de uzata incat uneori mie frica
sa o conduc
635. 163.Weave - Wove - Woven - A tese, a impleti
A impleti par - to plait hair.
She weaves rugs - Ea tese covoare
He weaves baskets - El impleteste cosuri
The writer wove his memories into the plot - Scriitorul a intercalat amintirile proprii in poveste
636. 164.Wed - Wed/Wedded - Wed/Wedded - A (se) casatori
I wed when I was 20. - M-am casatorit la 20 de ani.
I wed David - M-am casatorit cu David.
We need a minister to wed us. - Ne trebuie un preot care sa ne casatoreasca.
637. 165.Weep - Wept - Wept - A plange amar
They wept when they remembered all their freinds killed in the war - Au plans cand si-au amintit de toti
prietenii lor morti in razboi.
638. 166.Wet - Wet/Wetted - Wet/Wetted - A umezi
Wet the sponge, please. - Umezeste te rog buretele
He still wets the bed at night, although he is 9 - Inca mai uda noaptea patul desi are noua ani.
639. 167.Win - Won - Won - A castiga
She won the competition - A castigat concursul.
Her speech won over many listners - Discursul ei a castigat pe multi ascultatori.
640. 168.Wind - Wound - Wound - A (se) incolaci
I have to wind my watch - Trebuie sa imi intorc ceasul.
Where does this path that winds up the mountain take me? - Unde ma duce aceasta carare ce serpuieste in
sus pe munte?
You'll wind up in a bear's cave. - Ai sa nimeresti intr-o pestera de urs.
101
to excite - a entuziasma
excitment - entuziasm
to enjoy - a se bucura enjoyment - bucurie
647. Terminatia - tion sau - ion
Substantive provenite din verbe
To comunicate - A comunica
Communication - Comunicare
To pollute - A polua
Pollution - Poluare
To admit - A admite, a recunoaste
Admission - Recunoastere
648. Terminatia - er, - or sau - ist
Substantive provenite din verbe si care reprezinta meserii:
to teach - a invata pe altii
teacher - invatator, profesor
to run - a alerga
runner - alergator
to act - a juca in piese
actor - actor
to translate - a traduce
translator - traducator
to economize - a economisi
economist - economist
649. Terminatiile - er, - ee desemneaza substantive care contrasteaza unul cu celalalt
employer - angajator
employee - angajat
650. Terminatia - ing
Gerunziile verbelor pot fi folosite ca substantive.
To sleep - a dormi
Sleeping bag - Sac de dormit - adjectiv
Sleeping is vital for our health - Dormitul e vital pebntru sanatatea noastra - substantiv.
Obs: si sleep is vital for our health era corect.
Learning can be tiresome - Invatatul poate fi obositor.
Eating all day is dangerous - Mancatul toata ziua e periculos
Singing is fun - Cantatul e distractiv.
103
104
snowman om de zapada
tree branch ramura de copac
skyscraper zgarietor de nori (zgarie nori)
computer screen monitor de calculator
mountain bike bicicleta de munte (montana)
football minge de picior (fotbal)
paper airplane avion de hartie
Altele pot fi facute de vorbitor pentru a preciza despre care substantiv vorbeste:
the forest river raul de padure
the emerald forest padurea de smarald
the office car masina de birou
a sarmale meal o mancare de sarmale
the Voronet painting pictura de Voronet
668. In putine cazuri aceste substantive devenite adjective pot fi cuvinte cu totul noi:
ladybug - gargarita
butterfly - fluture
dragonfly - libelula
pineapple - ananas
eggplant - vanata
669. Aceste substantive devenite adjective isi pierd caracteristicile substantivale si ca orice adjectiv in
engleza nu accepta plural:
housse plant planta de casa
house plants plante de casa.
670. Terminatia - ish
De multe ori are terminatia - esc in romaneste
Poate fi folosita si la culori. Deobicei nu e folosit in sens pozitiv.
childish - copilaresc - simplu, fara maturitate
foolish - prostesc
childish - copilaresc
selfish - egoist
bluish - albastrui
671. Terminatia - like
Inseamna asemeni Deobicei e folosit in sens pozitiv.
childlike - ca un copil - inocent, dragut
lifelike - in marime naturale, ca in viata
ladylike - care e potrivit pentru o doamna
godlike - asemeni lui Dumnezeu
672. Terminatia - ous
glamorous - incantator
dangerous - periculos
poisonous - otravitor
673. Terminatia - y
107
rainy - ploios
a rainy day - o zi ploioasa
funny - nostim
sunny - insorit
furry - cu blana
674. Numeralele deasemeni pot actiona ca adjective
In cazul acesta substantivul pierde pe s adica devine la singular.
a 100 page document - un document de 100 de pagini
a 20 day diet - un regim de 20 de zile
a 10 foot ladder - o scara de 10 picioare
675. Ca si in romaneste adjective pot fi formate de participiul unui verb
lacul inghetat (de la a ingheta) the frozen lake
peretele zugravit the painted wall
merele cumparate the bought apples
varza umpluta stuffed cabage
676. Unele verbe au doua forme de participiu, de exemplu: shave are si shaved si shaven.
Ca adjectiv se foloseste forma neregulata.
He has shaved his beard. - El si-a ras barba (aici shaved e verb, descrie o actiune)
He is clean shaven - El este complet ras. (shaven e adjectiv)
677. Terminatia - ing:
Adjective formate din gerunziul verbelor
sleeping dog - caine care doarme
sleeping bag sac de dormit
talking movies filme care vorbesc
(filmele sonore din epoca cinematografului mut)
talking parrot - papagal vorbitor
678. Terminatia - able:
Deobicei aceste adjectiv in romaneste au terminatia abil
agreeable - agreabil
expandable - expandabil
remarkable - remarcabil
likable - placut
679. Terminatia - ible:
Deobicei aceste adjectiv in romaneste au terminatia ibil
sensible - intelept (nu inseamna sensibil)
flexible - flexibil
accessible - accesibil
680. Terminatia - ent:
Deobicei aceste adjectiv in romaneste au tot terminatia ent
108
excellent - excelent
urgent - urgent
different - diferit
681. Terminatia - ant:
Deobicei aceste adjectiv in romaneste au tot terminatia ant
pleasant - placut
reliant - dependent
ignorant - ignorant
vacant - vacant
682. Terminatia - ive:
Deobicei aceste adjectiv in romaneste au tot terminatia iv
attractive - atractiv
creative - creativ
secretive - secretos
informative - informativ
8.ADVERBUL
683. Adverbul este partea de vorbire care arata o caracteristica a unei actiuni, a unei stari sau a unei calitati
El determina verbe, adjective sau alte adverbe.
Un adverb trebuie sa raspunda la una din intrebarile : Cum? Cand? Unde?
Ma duc degraba la gara. Cum ma duc? Degraba este adverb pe langa verbul a se duce.
684. Adverbele care determina un adjectiv, stau totdeauna in fata adjectivului
Astfel de adverbe sunt very - foarte, quite - destul de, absolutely - foarte etc
Very poate sa fie si adjectiv cu intelesul de chiar
This is the very example I need - Acesta este chiar exemplul de care am nevoie.
A very big dog - Un caine foarte mare
A very rainy day - O zi foarte ploaiasa
This is a very tall man - Acest barbat e foarte inalt
This man is quite tall - Acest barbat e destul de inalt
He's absolutely delighted - El e cu desavarsire incantat.
quite de multe ori e folosit ca eufemism pentru very.
A doua propozitie putand insemna si ca barbatul respectiv e foarte inalt.
685. Adverbele englezesti se grupeaza in adverbe de mod, de loc, de timp de frecventa si de scop.
Adverbele cateodata pot fi puse in multe locuri in propozitie, cateodata nu.
Ele au trei locuri in propozitie unde e posibil sa-si aiba locul.
- pozitia initiala (inaintea subiectului)
- pozitia de mijloc (intre subiect si verb sau imediat inainte de verbul to be daca e cazul)
- pozitia finala(la sfarsitul propozitiei)
109
usually - deobicei
Daca verbul este to be si nu este un timp compus, deobicei se pune dupa be.
La timpurile compuse ele se intercaleaza.
La verbele celelalte aceste adverbe se pune inaintea verbului.
I am usually on time Deobicei ajung la timp.
I have never seen this movie - Nu am vazut niciodata acest film.
I often dream of him De multe ori il visez.
690. Adverbele de frecventa
occasionally - din cand in cand
frequently - mereu
usually - deobicei
sometimes - cateodata
Se pot pune inaintea subiectului.
Cateodata, am nevoie de o vacanta.
I sometimes need a vacation
Sometimes I need a vacation
Deobicei, alerg repede
Usually I run fast
I usually run fast
691. Adverbele de frecventa
occasionally - din cand in cand
rarely - rareori
often - ades
Se pot pune si la sfarsit.
Il vizitez ades
I often visit him.
I visit him often.
692. Adverbe de frecventa in propozitiile negative
Ele se intercaleaza intre verb si auxiliar sau intre verb si modal, dupa caz.
I don't always do my homework. - Nu imi fac intotdeauna temele.
I can't always help you. - Nu pot sa te ajut totdeauna.
I must never leave the door unlocked - Nu trebuie niciodata sa las usa neincuiata
I am not always happy - Nu sunt totdeauna fericit.
693. Adverbe de frecventa in propozitiile interogative
Ele se intercaleaza intre subiect si verb.
Do you often listen to music? - Asculti deseori muzica?
Can you always tell who is singing? - Totdeauna iti dai seama cine canta?
Haven't you ever been wrong?- Nu te-ai inselat niciodata?
694. Spre deosebire de limba romana in limba engleza nu se fac doua negatii in propozitie.
Niciodata nu a cantat tradus se spune Niciodata a cantat: He never sang.
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De aceea adverbele never - niciodata, seldom - rareori, rarely - rareori nu se folosesc in propozitii negative
(propozitii cu not).
He never went to school - Niciodata nu a mers la scoala
He seldom eats alone - Rareori mananca singur
I rarely see him - Il vad rareori.
695. In propozitii interogative si negative never devine ever.
Have you ever seen him? - L-ai vazut vreodata?
No I have never seen him - Nu nu l-am vazut niciodata.
sau
No I haven't ever seen him.
No, I have seldom/rarely seen him
696. Adverbe de mod
Daca un adverb raspunde la intrebarea CUM atunci este adverb de mod.
Deobicei aceste adverbe se formeaza adaugand -ly la un adjectiv.
He drives slowly El conduce incet.
Cum conduce? - Incet (adverb)
dar
He is a slow driver. - El e un sofer incet
slow - adjectiv
slowly - adverb
697. Cateva adverbe de mod des intalnite
quickly - repede - quick(adjectiv)
The car quiickly turned right - Masina a virat repede la dreapta.
frightfully - nespus de, inspaimantator de - frightful (adjectiv)
He is frightfully sad - El e inspaimantator de trist.
unexpectedly - pe neasteptate - unexpected (adjectiv)
He unexpectedly opened the door - A deschis pe neasteptate usa
suddenly - brusc - sudden(adjectiv)
Suddenly, I realized I didn't know him - Deodata mi-am dat seama ca nu il cunosc.
698. Exista un numar mic de adverbe de mod care nu au terminatia -ly
fast - repede
hard - greu
late - cu intarziere
straight - drept
well - bine
He walks fast. - El merge repede
fast poate fi si adjectiv
A fast car sped by. - O masina iute a trecut in viteza
He went straight home - S-a dus drept acasa
straight poate fi si adjectiv
He draws straight lines. - El trage linii drepte
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699. Hard este un adjectiv (cu intelesul de tare) care poate deveni hardly ca adverb avand sensul de abia.
Dar poate ramane si hard ca adverb cu intelesul de dificil.
La fel late (tarziu) si lately (in ultimul timp)
He hardly shows up. - Abia il vedem (la lucru)
He works hard. - El munceste din greu.
He arrived late. - A sosit tarziu.
Lately, he couldn't seem to be on time for anything - In ultimul timp, parea ca nu ajunge la timp pentru
nimic.
700. Adjectivul good - bun nu formeaza adverb.
Adverbul este well - bine
Ai facut o treaba buna You did a good job.
Ai facut treaba bine - You did the job well.
701. Verbul to taste - a gusta cere -ly pentru adverb:
Verbul to taste a avea gust insa nu cere.
Aceeasi regula se aplica pentru to smell - a mirosi si to smell a avea un miros.
Deasemeni pentru to look - a privi si to look - a arata.
Si pentru feel - a pipai si feel - a simti.
At the king's orders, the servant obiediently tasted the food - La ordinul regelui, servitorul ascultator a
gustat mancarea
This food tastes fine, he said. - Aceasta mancare are gust normal, spuse el.
I smell badly Nu miros bine (Nu am un bun simt al mirosului)
This fish smells bad. - Acest peste miroase rau
She looked angrily at me - S-a uitat suparata la mine.
She looks beautiful. - Arata foarte frumoasa
The blind man gently felt things with his fingers. - Barbatul orb pipaia usor lucrurile cu degetele
I feel happy we are leaving. - Sunt bucuros ca plecam.
702. Adjectivele care au deja terminatia -ly raman neschimbate ca advrbe.
Ele nu mai primesc inca un ly. lovely - incantator
lonely - singuratic
motherly - ca o mama
friendly - prietenos
neighbourly - ca un bun vecin.
She sings lovely - Canta incantator (adverb, defineste un verb)
She has a lovely voice - Are o voce incantatoare (adjectiv, defineste un subtantiv)
He is a lonely man - E un barbat singuratic
That was a lonely walk - A fost o plimbare singuratica
703. Unele adjective care se termina in e, nu primesc - ly ci intai este indepartat e-ul:
true - truly - cu adevarat
whole - wholly - intreg
nice - nicely
polite - politely
She draws nicely she also paints nice landscapes. - Ea deseneaza frumos, deasemeni picteaza peisaje
frumoase.
a desena frumos - frumos e adverb
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9.PREPOZITIA
709. Prepozitiile sunt parti de vorbire care indica legatura temporala spatiala sau logica dintre substantive,
pronume si alte cuvinte din propozitie.
Sunt invariabile si de cele mai multe ori in engleza stau in fata unui substantiv.
in dulap - in the cupboard
sub pat - under the bed
acasa - at home (la casa)
710. In englezeste prepozitiile pot fi simple sau compuse, adica formate dintr-unul sau mai multe cuvinte
The toy is in the box and the box is next to the TV set. - Jucaria e in cutie iar cutia este langa televizor
in - in (prepozitie simpla)
next to - langa (prepozitie compusa)
711. ON - prepozitie de timp - se foloseste pentru a indica o zi a saptamanii sau o zi a anului.
I will go see him on Monday. - Ma duc sa-l vad luni.
I was born on October 13. on Monday - M-am nascut pe 13 octombrie, lunea.
712. IN - prepozitie de timp
indica luna sau anotimpul
- indica perioada din zi
- indica anul
- indica peste cat timp va avea loc ceva
- in March - in martie
- in winter - iarna
- in the morning - dimineata
- in the evening - seara
- I will graduate in 2014 - Voi absolvi in 2014
- in an hour - intr-o ora
713. AT - prepozitie de timp
Se foloseste in legatura cu noaptea.
At night I hear voices. - Noaptea aud voci
714. SINCE prepozitie de timp
Dintr-un moment trecut si pana acum.
Since World War 2 many things have changed.- De la al Doilea Razboi Mondial multe s-au schimbat.
715. FOR prepozitie de timp
Timp de: intr-o anumita perioada de timp, din trecut si pana acum.
She has been away for two years - A fost plecata timp de doi ani
716. FROM prepozitie de timp
De la - marcheaza momentul de inceput al unei actiuni.
I start working from 6 in the evening - Muncesc incepand de la 6 seara.
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750. OF
- ale, de
- in: Doctor of Law doctor in drept, doctor of medicine doctor in medicina etc.
- din partea
Observatie Cadoul e din partea lui, din partea dreapta etc se formeaza cu FROM.
the customs of Romania obieiurile Romaniei
west of here la vest de aici
dress of silk rochie de matase
glass of wine pahar de/cu vin,
they were dying of hunger mureau de foame
how nice of him! - ce dragut din partea lui
751. OFF
- de pe, din
I got off the bus/the train/the boat/the plane M-am dat jos din autobuz/tren/vapor/avion.
I raised the book off the floor Am ridicat cartea de pe podea.
Take this burden off my back Ia-mi aceasta greutatea din spate.
752. OFF se poate folosi si in alte contexte:
He drove off El a plecat cu masina.
He dozed off a atipit
He shaved off his beard si-a ras barba.
Turn off the light/ the radio! - Stinge lumina/radioul!
I took my clothes/socks/hat/shoes off Mi-am scos hainele/ciorapii/palaria/pantofii.
The show/wedding etc is off. - Spectacolul/nunta etc nu se mai tine.
We're off to see the wizard! The wonderful wizard of Oz! - Am plecat sa-l vedem pe vrajitor! Pe minunatul
vrajitor din Oz!
I'm off duty Sunt in afara programului
753. OUT OF: - (afara) din
He got out of the car A coborat din masina.
What is the wooden statue made of? It's made out of wood, silly!
He did it out of spite A facut-o de ciuda.
Out of town by sundown Afara din oras pana la apusul soarelui (ordin dat impotriva cuiva in zilele vestului
salbatic).
754. ABOUT
- despre
- aprximativ
A book about parrots O carte despre papagali
That happened about a year ago Asta s-a intamplat cam acum un an.
He is about my age/height/weight El este cam de varsta/inaltimea/greutatea mea.
755. ABOUT TO
- pe punctul:
I was about to miss the train Am fost pe punctul sa pierd trenul.
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756. BETWEEN
- printre, dintre, intre:
Totdeauna se foloseste BETWEEN in cazul a doua optiuni si nu AMONG.
This is between you and him. - Aceasta problema este intre tine si el.
The choice between good and evil - Alegerea dintre bine si rau.
I talked on the phone between classes - In perioada dintre cursuri am vorbit la telefon.
757. AMONG:
- printre, dintre, intre. AMONG spre deosebire de between arata apartenenta
Daca sunt numai doua substantive implicate folositi between
He is among the winners - El se afla printre castigatori.
The money was divided among the winners. Banii s-aui impartit intre castigatori.
758. UPON - pe, asupra
The wrath of God be upon you! Fie mania lui Dumnezeu asupra ta!
The little girl climbed upon her dad's shoulders. - Fetita s-a urcat pe umerii tatalui ei.
The statue is upon a pedestal Statuia este pe un piedestal.
Combina up si on.
759. OVER are si intelesul de terminat
Over and out La radiourile vechi: Convorbire terminata
The movie is over - Filmul s-a terminat
760. A nu se confunda TO cu TOO care inseamna DEASEMENI sau cu TWO care inseamna DOI.
I too want to go with those two Si eu vreau sa merg cu cei doi.
761. FROM
- de la
- datorita
- de
A letter from my aunt. - O scrisoare de la matusa mea.
I walked home from school Am venit pe jos acasa de la scoala.
Taking a book from the box Luand o carte din cutie.
He collapsed from all the hard work. - S-a prabusit datorita (de la) muncii istovitoare
She knows right from wrong Ea stie binele de rau.
It is 100 kilometers from here. - Este la 100 de mile de aici.
762. Vorbitorii nativi de multe ori pun prepozitii la sfarsitul frazei ceea ce poate incurca pe un strain:
That's where I'm going to. - Acolo ma duc
That's where I'm coming from - De-acolo vin
The money was not accounted for - Banii nu au fost explicati.
Which class is he in? - In care clasa e?
What are you talking about? - (Despre) ce vorbesti
That is something I am aware of - Sunt constient de acest fapt.
10.CONJUNCTII
122
782. Daca exista si un complement indirect acesta vine dupa complimentul direct daca se foloseste
prepozitia to.
Daca NU se foloseste TO complementul indirect vine INAINTEA complimentul direct
The people who are my neighbors are reading a story book (complement direct) to the little girl
(complement indirect)- Oamenii care sunt vecinii mei citesc o poveste fetitei.
sau
The people who are my neighbors are reading the little girl (complement indirect) a storybook(complement
direct) - Oamenii care sunt vecinii mei citesc fetitei o poveste.
783. Daca nu exista compliment direct (a storybook) este obligatoriu sa se puna TO cand complimentul
indirect raspunde la intrebarea cui?
The people who are my neighbors are reading to the little girl - Oamenii care sunt vecinii mei citesc fetitei.
Iata un exemplu care nu cere to (nu raspunde la intrebarea cui?)
The people who are my neighbors are reading a storybook with the little girl - Oamenii care sunt vecinii mei
citesc cu fetita.
784. Adverbele de timp cu caracter precis (yesterday ieri, today - azi, tomorrow - maine, last year - anul
trecut, last month - luna trecuta, next year - anul viitor etc) se pun la inceputul frazei
Orice altfel de compliment vine dupa complimentul direct daca acesta exista.
Daca nu exista vine direct dupa predicat.
Yesterday, the people who are my neighbors were reading a storybook to the little girl. - Ieri, oamenii care
sunt vecinii mei citeau o poveste fetitei.
Sometimes the people who are my neighbors read a storybook with the little girl.- Cateodata, oamenii care
sunt vecinii mei citesc o poveste cu fetita.br> Sometimes the people who are my neighbors read a storybook
out loud to the little girl in the evening - Cateodata, oamenii care sunt vecinii mei citesc cu voce tare o
poveste fetitei seara.
785. Alte reguli: adjectivele se pun inaintea substantivelor, iar adverbele de frecventa se intercaleaza la
verbe
Last month, the people who are my neighbors would often read a beautiful storybook to the little girl in the
park in the evening. - Luna trecuta oamenii care sunt vecinii mei deseori citeau cu voce tare o frumoasa
poveste fetitei seara, in park.
786. Never si hardly au urmatoarea regula de inversare a subiectului cu predicatul.
Se zice:
I have never heard such beautiful stories sau
Never have I heard such beautiful stories.
- Niciodata nu am mai auzit povesti atat de frumoase
I could hardly believe my ears
sau
Hardly could I believe my ears.
- Abia-mi puteam auzi urechilor.
787. Inversiunea in cazul lui if
Cand se face o inversiune if cade.
If I had known the truth
sau
Had I known the truth.
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12.CONCORDANTA TIMPURILOR
788. In englezeste timpul unui verb (trecut, prezent sau viitor indiferent ca e continuu sau nu) trebuie sa
urmeze o anumita structura in cadrul frazei, structura numita concordanta timpurilor.
Aceasta spune ca in functie de timpul verbului din propozitia principala, verbul din propozitia secundara nu
poate fi decat la un anumit timp.
De exemplu Eu mancam cand tu ai venit acasa. - I was eating when you came home.
Cand mancam? Cand tu ai venit acasa. - propozitia secundara
Aici si in engleza si in romana ambele propozitii sunt la trecut si se respecta concordanta timpurilor.
Insa daca spunem: El a zis ca face bine, in romaneste nu se respecta structura ceruta de concordanta
timpurilor
Concordanta in engleza cere sa spunem El a zis ca facea bine.
Pentru romani o asemenea exprimare da impresia ca facea bine inainte sa fii zis acest lucru, in trecut, dar in
engleza constructia este : He said that he was well.
Daca am vrea sa spunem ca mai demult era bine spunem: He said that he had been well.
789. Daca in principala verbul este la prezent sau la viitor, in secundara verbul poate fi la orice timp prezent
trecut sau viitor dupa context.
He says that he is a student
He says that he was a student
He says that he will be a student
He will say that he is a student
He will say that he was a student
He will say that he will be a student
790. Daca in principala verbul este la trecut in secundara verbul va fi la un timp perfect (aceste timpuri au
legatura cu trecutul)
He said that he was a student El a spus ca este student
Traducere exacta: El a spus ca era (a fost) student - Past Tense
He said that he had been a student El a spus ca el era student
Traducere exacta: El a spus ca fusese student Past Perfect
He said that he would be a student El a spus ca va fi student
Traducere exacta: El a spus ca ar fi student - Conditional (numit in acest context si Future in the Past)
791. Daca principala este la conditional prezent atunci secundara este la trecut (past tense)
I would go there if I had a passport M-as duce acolo daca as avea pasaport
792. Daca principala este la conditional trecut atunci secundara este la mai mult ca perfectul
I would have gone there if I had had a passsport. - M-as fi dus acolo daca as fi avut pasaport.
793. Daca secundara exprima un adevar absolut
He said that global warming is happening for real A spus ca incalzirea globala se intampla cu adevarat. nu was happening
They recited the poem that is the longest in the world. - A recitat poezia care e cea mai lunga din lume - nu
was the longest
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Alice said to me that... (Alice mi-a spus mie...) se inlocuieste verbul to say cu to tell . Alice told me...
803. Iata o lista de schimbari care pot fi necesare la vorbirea indirecta:
this devine that
these devine those
now devine then
tomorrow devine the next day
today devine that day
yesterday devine the day before
ago devine before
next week poate deveni last week
13.REGULI DE ORTOGRAFIE ENGLEZA
804. Urmatoarele sunete a (cat) , e (hen), i (pig), o (dog), u (bug) se numesc vocale scurte.
805. Sunetele vocalice din made, Pete, fine, bone, fuse se numesc vocale lungi.
806. Diftong este un sunet format din doua sunete care se citesc odata.
In romaneste oa (soarta) este diftong.
Engleza contine 8 diftomgi care se pronunta in urmatoarele cuvinte:
day - zi
sky - cer
toy - jucarie
beer - bere
bear - urs
tour - tur
no - nu
brown - maron
807. Litera S
La inceputul cuvantului se citeste intotdeauna ca pe romaneste:
to swim a inota
same la fel
to see a vedea
sky - cer
soft moale
seat - scaun
seed samanta
Litera s la mijlocul cuvantului se citeste fie s:
faster mai repede
loose - larg
use - folosinta
Fie se citeste Z
Cazurile [si], [su] sunt tratate separat.
SS se pronunta s si este la mijocul sau la sfarsitul cuvantului:
lesson - lectie
class - clasa
cross - cruce
address - adresa
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830. Sunetul ZH
GH se citeste F la sfarsitul unor cuvinte
laugh - raset
cough - tusit
enough - destul
831. Sunetul F
De cele mai multe ori este dat chiar de consoana F
file - fisier, after - dupa, safe - siguranta, fin - aripioara (de peste), scarf - batic
Daca vocala inainte de f este scurta si dupa f fie vine inca o vocala sau se termina cuvantul, f se dubleaza
to affirm - a afirma, offer - oferta, cuff - manseta, muff - manson, bluff - cacealma
832. Sunetul F
Combinatia PH reprezinta sunetul F
photo - fotografie
alphabet - alfabet
symphony - simfonie
833. Sunetul S (ca in scoala)
Cel mai ades acest sunet este reprezentat de combinatia SH
to shine a straluci
fish peste
shampoo sampon
she ea
shelter adapost
834. Combinatia CH poate fi citita s (scoala) in cuvinte de origine frantuzeasca
chic - sic
chef - sef
mustache - mustata
835. Combinatia CI e citita s (scoala)
magician - magician
delicious - delicios
social - social
836. Combinatia SI poate fi citita s(scoala)
mission - misiune
extension - extensiune
conprehension - comprehensiune
insa nu
sick - bolnav
rasin - stafida
837. Combinatia TI poate fi citita s (scoala)
to negotiate - a negocia
patient - pacient
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section - sectiune
insa nu
static - static
tiara - tiara
838. Combinatia SU poate fi citita s (scoala)
sugar - zahar
sure - sigur
pressure - presiune
tissue - tesut
insa nu
sun - soare
opossum - oposum
839. X - reprezinta sunetul X
Ca si in romana
CS:
exercise exercitiu
to explain a explica
extreme extrema
export export
to mix - a amesteca
GZ:
exact exact
example - exemplu
to exit - a iesi
840. XH se citeste cateodata tot X
H nu se aude
cs: exhibition - expozitie
gz: to exhaust a epuiza
H se aude
to exhume a exhuma
to exhale a expira
841. Combinatia CC inaintea vocalelor E, I, Y
Se citeste [CS]
accident - accident
to succeed - a reusi
842. Sunetul Z
Litera S de multe ori reda acest sunet.
rose - trandafir
to lose a pierde
to use a folosi
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843. Combinatia ES
Dupa s, z, x, ch, tch, ge, dge, sh se citeste [IZ]
classes - clase
roses - trandafiri
prizes - premii
quizzes - teste
matches - chibrituri
oranges - portocale
bridges - poduri
dishes - farfurii
fixes . repara
844. La inceputul cuvantului sunetul Z este aproape totdeauna reprezentat prin litera Z
zebra - zebra
zero zero
zoo - zoo
exceptie
xylophone - xilofon
845. Litera Z se citeste Z in practic toate cuvintele
Literele ZZ se citesc tot Z
In foarte putine cazuri z si zz se citesc ca in limbile din care provin cuvintele respective:
pizza, mozzarella, Mozart, Nazi.
Deasemeni in cele cateva cuvinte in care apare combinatia TZ ea se citeste ts:
waltz - vals, blitz - blit (aparat foto)
dozen duzina
lazy lenes
quiz extemporal
puzzle
muzzle botnita
846. In cateva cuvinte grecesti litera X se citeste Z
xylophone xilofon
xenfobia xenofobie
xerox - xerox
847. mb la sfarsitul cuvantului se citeste m:
comb - pieptan
miel - lamb
848. wr la inceput se citeste r
to write - a scrie
to wring - a stoarce
wrist - inceietura mainii
849. lk dupa a se citeste k
talk - conversatie
walk - plimbare
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altfel se citeste lk
milk - lapte
bulk - in masa
850. Cand intr-un cuvant exista o singura vocala si aceasta nu se afla la sfarsitul cuvantului se citeste ca
vocala scurta
fat - gras
cat - pisica
hen - gaina
men - barbati
big - mare
will - testament
hot - fierbinte
dog - caine
bug - insecta
dumb - prost
Exceptie comb - pieptan
851. O vocala singura aflata la sfarsitul cuvantului se citeste ca vocala lunga.
she - ea
he - el
no - nu
go - mergi
852. Cand un cuvant se termina in e, acesta este mut dar vocala dinaintea lui devine lunga
to make - a face
cradle - leagan pentru bebelus
fire - foc
hole - gaura
abuse - abuz
exceptii
scare - spaima
some - unii
sure - sigur
853. Cand doua vocale diferite sunt alaturate deobicei prima se citeste ca vocala lunga iar a doua nu se
citeste
rain - ploaie, pail - galeata, play - joaca, lied - a mintit, cheat - trisor
dar sunt destule exceptii de la aceasta regula
read read read - a citi
bread - paine
to swear - a jura
said - a zis
fair - targ
cow - vaca
brown - maron
854. Cand o vocala este urmata de o consoana dubla, ea se citeste ca vocala scurta.
136
fatty - grasan
skinny - slabanog
summer - vara
funny - nostim
to stammer - a se balbai
855. Ee si uu se citesc ca vocale lungi
to peek - a trage cu ochiul
to greet - a saluta
vacuum - aspirator
856. Oo deobicei se citeste u ca in
pool - bazin
fool - prost
tool - unealta
dar si ca in
book - carte
foot - picior
door - usa
14.CATEVA DIFERENTE DINTRE ENGLEZA BRITANICA SI AMERICANA
857. In engleza americana present perfect este mult mai putin folosit si este inlocuit de past tense.
Am pregatit masa pentru petrecere
devine
I have prepared the meal for the party engleza britanica
I prepared the meal for the party engleza americana
Aceste diferente exista si in cazul folosirii adverbelor already, just si yet
tocmai am ajuns acasa devine
I've just got home engleza britanica
I just got home engleza americana.
858. In engleza americana verbul to have - a avea, in forma sa de verb de sine statator, nu de auxiliar, de
multe ori este inlocuit de have got.
I have got a farm poate inlocui I have a farm. - Am o ferma
859. Formele verbului to get
in engleza britanica
to get got got
in engleza americana
este deseori folosita si forma
to get got gotten
860. Datele se scriu altfel in engleza britanica fata de engleza americana.
23 august 1944
In engleza britanica
the 23rd of August 1944
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In engleza americana
august 23rd, 1944
august 23, 1944
861. Substantivele colective
Un substantiv care exprima un grup: armata, comitet, stol etc
In engleza britanica un substantiv colectiv e la singular (verbul se pune la singular) daca in cadrul
propozitiei intelesul e de bloc care actioneaza ca unul si la plural in sens contrar
A committee was appointed - A fost numit un comitet
The committee were unable to agree - Comitetul nu s-a (s-au in engleza) putut pune de acord
In engleza americana totdeauna aceste substantive sunt la singular
The committee was unable to agree
862. Auxiliarul shall e putin folosit in engleza americana.
Iar shan't (forma negativa) nu e folosit deloc in engleza americana.
863. In engleza americana dupa verbe ca to go - a merge, to come - a veni si to help - a ajuta se foloseste
mult urmatoarea constructie:
I want to go eat - Vreau sa merg sa mananc
I wish to help build the house - Vreau sa ajut sa se construiasca casa
Can you come see a movie? - Poti sa vii sa vezi un film?
in loc de
I want to go to eat
I wish to help to build the house
Can you come to see a movie?
Engleza britanica in schimb zice:
I want to go and eat
I wish to help and build the house
Can you come and see a movie?
864. Engleza americana are tendinta (cateodata) de a taia sufixele adjectivelor formate cu ing, din participiu
(cu ed) sau genitivul saxon('s).
Prezentam mai jos forma americana, forma englezeasca si traducerea pentru cateva exemple.
jump rope - skipping rope - coarda (de sarit)
racecar - racing car - masina de curse
dial tone - dialing tone - ton (de telefonat)
mash potatoes - mashed potatoes
dollhouse - doll's house
865. In engleza britanica la rauri cuvantul RAU - RIVER se pune la inceput iar in engleza americana la
sfarsit.
The River Thames - raul Tamisa (in Marea Britanie)
River Trent - Marea Britanie
Mississippi River - raul Mississippi (in SUA)
Yukon River - Canada
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Antenna
Antena
Autumn
Fall
Toamna
biscuit
cookie
fursec
bonnet
hood
capota
boot
trunk
portbagaj
braces
suspenders
bretele
chemist's
drugstore
farmacie
the cinema
the movies
cinematograf
cotton
thread
ata
crossroads
intersection
intersectie
curtains
drapes
perdele
dust-bin
trashcan
caldare de gunoi
engine
motor
motor
film
movie
film
flat
apartment
apartament
ground floor
first floor
parter
handbag
purse
poseta
holiday
vacation
vacanta
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ill
sick
bolnav
jug
pitcher
lift
elevator
lift
lorry
truck
camion
luggage
baggage
valiza
maize
corn
porumb
nappy
diaper
scutec
pavement
sidewalk
trotuar
to peep
to peek
a trage cu ochiul
petrol
gasoline
benzina
postman
maiman
postas
pub
bar
bar
queue
line
coada
rubber
eraser
guma de sters
sweet
desert
desert
timetable
schedule
orar
tin
can
conserva
torch
flashlight
lanterna
trousers
pants
pantaloni
waistcoat
vest
vesta
wardrobe
closet
sifonier
zip
zipper
fermoar
15.FALSE FRIENDS
868. Exista in limba engleza cuvinte care seamana cu unele cuvinte din limba romana dar care au alt inteles.
Aceste cuvinte se numesc false friends adica prieteni falsi, inselatori.
Cand le intalnim ne bucuram ca le stim dar de fapt suntem pacaliti, fiindca insemnau altceva.
Iata o lista de 20 astfel de cuvinte.
Nr Friend
Traducere
actual
adevaratul
actual
present
actually
de fapt
actual
present
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antic
gluma, farsa
antic
ancient
bucket
galeata
buchet
bouquet
directory
carte de adrese
director
manager
to entitle
a indreptati
a intitula
to title
eventually
in final
eventual
possibly
fabric
material textil
fabrica
factory
genial
amabil
genial
brilliant
10
gust
boare de vant
gust
taste
11
conceit
12
library
biblioteca
librarie
bookstore
13
to matter
a conta
materie
tot matter(substantiv)
14
minister
preot, ministru
ministru
tot minister
15
parcel
pachet
parcela
lot of land
16
physician
doctor
fizician
physicist
17
present
cadou, prezent
prezent
tot present
18
to realize
a-si da seama
a realiza
to accomplish
19
sensible
intelept
sensibil
sensitive
20
talon
gheara
talon
coupon
16.LUNILE ANULUI
869. Lunile anului in engleza Se scriu totdeauna cu litera mare
Anotimpurile insa se scriu cu litera mica.
In December we celebrate Christmas - In Decembrie sarbatorim Craciunul.
In the spring we celebrate Easter - Primavara sarbatorim Pastele
January - ianuarie
February - februarie
March - martie
April - aprilie
May - mai
June - iunie
July - iulie
August - august
September - septembrie
October - octombrie
November - noiembrie
December - decembrie
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17.ANOTIMPURILE IN ENGLEZA
870. Anotimpurile in Engleza
Se scriu cu litera mica
La anotimpuri se foloseste prepozitia in the cand ne reperim la ceva din cadrul ei, altfel nu se articuleaza si e
fara in(exemplul 3)
spring - primavara
summer - vara
fall, autumn - toamna
winter - iarna
In the winter it snows. - Iarna ninge
In the summer the snow melts - Primavara zapada se topeste
This summer I will go fishing - Vara asta ma duc la pescuit.
I hope fall doesn't come early - Sper ca toamna sa nu vina devreme.
18.ZILELE SAPTAMANII
871. Zilele saptaminii in engleza
Se scriu totdeauna cu litera mare
Se folosesc cu prepozitia on daca ne referim la ceva din ziua aceea.
Deci de exemplu lunea se zice on Monday sau Monday in functie de context.
I was born on a Monday. - M-am nascut intr-o zi de luni.
Monday is a hard day - Lunea e o zi grea.
Monday - luni
Tuesday - marti
Wednesday - miercuri
Thursday - joi
Friday - vineri
Saturday - sambata
Sunday - duminica
I'll be done by Friday - Voi fi gata pana vineri
And on Saturday I'll come visit - Si sambata vin sa te vizitez.
Saturdays are fun - Sambetele sunt distractive.
Monday is a hard day to stand - Lunea e o zi greu de suportat.
Monday Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday are weekdays
Luni, marti, miercuri, joi, vineri sunt zile lucratoare
Saturday and Sunday form the weekend
Sambata si Duminica formeaza sfarsitul de saptamana (zilele nelucratoare).
Zilele lucratoare formeaza the workweek - saptamana de lucru
During the workweek I work, but during the weekend I relax.
19.FORMULE DE SALUT IN ENGLEZA
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882. You have to marvel at the unigue lunacy of a language in which the house burns up as it burns down,
you fill in a form by filling it out and an alarm clock goes off by going on.
Trebuie sa te minunezi de nebunia unei limbi in care o casa arde in sus pe cand arde in jos, in care umpli (fill
in) un formular, completandu-l (fill out)si un ceas desteptator suna (goes off) dupa trecerea timpului (time
goes on)
883. In what language do people recite at a play and play at a recital? Ship by truck and send cargo by ship?
In ce alta limba oamenii recita intr-o piesa (play) si canta (play) la un recital?
24.GRESELI FRECVENTE IN LIMBA ENGLEZA
884. Gresit: - My sister is doctor
My sister is a doctor - Sora mea e doctor.
885. Gresit: I have told you all what I know.
I have told you all (that) I know.
886. Gresit:I realized my plan to go fishing.
I accomplished my plan to go fishing - Mi-am realizat planul de a merge la pescuit.
887. Gresit: Is good idea
Gresit: I like very much
It is a good idea - E o idee buna
I like it very much - Imi place foarte mult
888. Gresit: According to me, its a bad movie.
In my opinion, its a bad movie - Dupa parerea mea.
889. Gresit: Normally I will be there next Friday.
I should be able to be there next Friday - In mod normal voi veni vinerea viitoare
890. Gresit: I am working for Company X
I work for Company X - Lucrez pentru Compania X
891. Gresit: Except Andu, everybody was there.
Except for Andu, everybody was there.- In afara lui Andu, au venit toti.
892. Gresit: I love the music.
I love music - Iubesc muzica
893. Gresit: I have done a mistake.
I have made a mistake. - Am facut o greseala
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