THE COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

În funcţie de modul de formare a gradelor de comparaţie, adjectivele din limba engleză se împart în 3 (trei) categorii:
1. scurte (monosilabice = o singură silabă + toate adjectivele care se termină cu “y”)
2. lungi (plurisilabice = mai multe silabe)
3. neregulate – se învaţă formele pe de rost

1. Short adjectives
Positive Comparative (+) Comparative (=) Comparative (-) Rel. Superlative
adj. adj. + -er as + adj. + as not as + adj. + as the + adj. + -est
long longer as long as not as long as the longest
smart smarter as smart as not as smart as the smartest
tall taller as tall as not as tall as the tallest
* Comparative (+) comparativ de superioritate
* Comparative (=) comparativ de egalitate
* Comparative (-) comparativ de inferioritate
* Rel. Superlative superlativ relativ

e.g. London Bridge is a long bridge.

London Bridge este un pod lung.
The Golden Gate Bridge is longer than the London Bridge.
Golden Gate Bridge este mai lung decât London Bridge.
The Yangluo Bridge is as long as the Golden Gate Bridge.
Yangluo Bridge este la fel de lung ca Golden Gate Bridge.
The London Bridge is not as long as the Golden Gate Bridge.
London Bridge nu este la fel de lung ca Golden Gate Bridge.
The Danyang Grand Bridge is the longest bridge in the world.
Danyang Grand Bridge este cel mai lung pod din lume.

Datorită faptului că adjectivele scurte primesc diferite terminaţii pentru a putea realiza comparativul de
superioritate şi superlativul relativ, există o serie de reguli de scriere:

1. Dacă adjectivul se termină cu o consoană care are în faţă o vocală care are în faţă o consoană (CVC), atunci
consoana de la sfârşit se dublează atunci când adăugăm “-er” sau “-est”:
e.g. big – bigger – the biggest; hot – hotter – the hottest

2. Dacă adjectivul se termină cu litera “e”, aceasta nu se dublează când adăugăm “-er” sau “-est”:
e.g. late – later – the latest; fine – finer – the finest

3. Dacă adjectivul se termină cu litera “y” care are în faţă o consoană, “y” se transformă în “i” când adăugăm
“-er” sau “-est”
e.g. happy – happier – the happiest; early – earlier – the earliest
 2. Long adjectives
Positive Comparative (+) Comparative (=) Comparative (-) Rel. Superlative
adj. more + adj. as + adj. + as not as + adj. + as the most + adj.
beautiful more beautiful as beautiful as not as beautiful as the most beautiful
intelligent more intelligent as intelligent as not as intelligent as the most intelligent
dangerou more dangerous as dangerous as not as dangerous as the most dangerous
s
* Comparative (+) comparativ de superioritate
* Comparative (=) comparativ de egalitate
* Comparative (-) comparativ de inferioritate
* Rel. Superlative superlativ relativ

e.g. Mary is beautiful.

Mary este frumoasă.
Jane is more beautiful than Mary.
Jane este mai frumoasă decât Mary.
Sue is as beautiful as Jane.
Sue este la fel de frumoasă ca Jane.
Mary is not as beautiful as Sue.
Mary nu este la fel de frumoasă ca Sue.
Nicole is the most beautiful girl in the school.
Nicole este cea mai frumoasă fată din şcoală.

3. Irregular adjectives
Positive Comparative (+) Comparative (=) Comparative (-) Rel. Superlative
good better as good as not as good as the best
bad worse as bad as not as bad as the worst
far farther/further as far as not as far as the farthest/the furthest
much more as much as not as much as the most
many more as many as not as many as the most
little less as little as not as little as the least
* Comparative (+) comparativ de superioritate
* Comparative (=) comparativ de egalitate
* Comparative (-) comparativ de inferioritate
* Rel. Superlative superlativ relativ

e.g. The Mercedes S500 is a good car.

Mercedes S500 este o maşină bună.
The Porsche 911 is better than the Mercedes S500.
Porsche 911 este mai bună decât Mercedes S500.
The Lamborghini Aventador is as good as the Porsche 911.
Lamborghini Aventador este la fel de bună ca Porsche 911.
The Mercedes S500 is not as good as a Lamborghini Aventador.
Mercedes S500 nu este la fel de bună ca Lamborghini Aventador.
The Ferrari SP90 Stradale is the best car in the world.
Ferrari SP90 Stradale este cea mai bună maşină din lume.