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Epigenetica Şi Îmbătrânirea
Epigenetica Şi Îmbătrânirea
Adelina-tefania Niculae
Adriana Oprea
Andreea-Simona Manea
mbtrnirea
- este un proces biologic complex, multifactorial, care afecteaz toate
organisemele vii;
- se manifest printr-o scdere gradual a funciilor fiziologice ntr-o
manier dependent de timp;
- are o importan semnificativ deoarece determin creterea
susceptibilitii fa de multe boli, precum: cancer, tulburri
metabolice, diabet, boli cardiovasculare i neurodegenerative
(A. Brunet i S. L. Berger, 2014).
Epigenetica
Modificrile
epigenetice
sunt
mecanisme
cruciale
La fel ca toate structurile biologice din interiorul celulelor, epigenomul sufer modificri
progresive n configuraia lui, pe parcursul naintrii n vrst. Acestea conduc la schimbri majore
n arhitectura cromozomal, integritatea genomic i modelul de expresie genic (R. J. OSullivan i
J. Karlseder, 2012).
Odat cu mbtrnirea, informaia epigenetic se modific ca raspuns la diferii factori
(endogeni+exogeni). Starea anormal a cromatinei este caracterizat de metilarea aberant a ADN, de
modificri aberante ale histonelor, de ncorporarea diferitelor variante histonice.
Aceast stare modificat a cromatinei n celulele btrne determin alterarea patternurilor de
transcriere i inserarea n genom a elementelor transpozabile, ceea ce conduce la instabilitate genomic
i la apariia mutaiilor (Sangita Pal iJessica K. Tyler., 2016).
n rinichi, unii dintre aceti FT sunt implicai n inflamaie i n alterarea funciei fiziologice care
apare odat cu mbtrnirea;
n urma experimentelor s-au identificat noi circuite transcipionale care nsoesc procesele de
mbtrnire la C.elegans si la nivelul rinichiului uman;
Inversarea modificrilor corelate cu vrsta ale acestor factori de transcripie ar putea ajuta la
ntinerirea transcriptomului celulelor sau esuturilor (Anne Brunet i Shelley L. Berger, 2014).
este o boal neurodegenerativ, progresiv, caracterizat de prezena plcilor amiloide la nivelul SNC
(Hardy i Selkoe, 2002);
biogeneza i acumularea plcilor amiloide care constau n reziduuri de peptide beta-amiloide (A40 i
A42) derivate din proteina precursor amiloid APP este mediat de BACE1 (-secretaz) i - secretaz
(Verdile i colab., 2007);
hipometilarea ADN n creier n procesul mbtrnirii poate avea semnificaie n patologia bolii. Aceast
sugestie este susinut de constatri ale hipometilrii genei APP n creierul unui pacient cu AD, precum
i demetilarea promotorului APP dependent de vrsta naintat n cortex. (Tohgi et al.1999);
frecvena metilrii resturilor de citozin n poziiile -207, -204, -200, -182, n promotorul genei APP la
subiecii sub 70 ani, a fost semnificativ crescut (55%) comparativ cu subiecii de peste 70 ani (5%).
(Tohgi i colab., 1999)
Proteoliza
APP
determinat
de
hipometilarea
ADN
Experiment
Corelaia dintre nivelul de protein APP i 4 stadii diferite de dezvoltare la Mus musculus
modificarea nivelului proteinei APP n celulele din esutul nervos la Mus musculus, pe
msura naintrii n vrst;
Materiale i metode
I. Izolarea proteinelor din esut nervos de Mus musculus
20-40 zile
10
subieci
180-200
zile
(~6 luni)
10 subieci
520-550
zile
(~ 1 an, 6
luni)
10 subieci
720-750
zile
(~2 ani)
10 subieci
Transfer umed:
sandwich-ul (-) hrtie de filtru/ gel/ membran/ hrtie de filtru (+) se monteaz ntrun tanc de transfer care conine o soluie tampon de transfer.
- Enzima convertete substratul dintr-o form solubil ntr-o form insolubil de culoare
diferit -> coloreaz specific membrana.
Proteina APP
Metilarea APP
20-40 zile
180-200 zile
520-550 zile
720-750 zile
20-40 zile
Vrsta oriceilor
180-200 zile
520-550 zile
Vrsta oriceilor
720-750 zile
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http://cpgislands.usc.edu
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirtuin