Managementul

deșeurilor

Planificare Teritorială, anul III

Facultatea de Geografie
Lutz Matei-Ștefan & Popa Cătălin-Valentin
Ce este managementul deșeurilor?
Deșeurile fac parte din economie, reprezentând materia nevalorificată în procesul
economic.

Managementul deșeurilor este un aspect primordial în societatea modernă, iar

evitarea generării și diminuarea volumului mare de deșeuri reprezintă o parte cheie a
gestionării deșeurilor.

Managementul deșeurilor se referă la controlul deșeurilor, respectiv colectarea,

stocarea, transportul, tratarea, reciclarea și eliminarea deșeurilor.
Rolul gestionării deșeurilor
Importanța implementării unui management integrat al deșeurilor se regăsește cu
precădere în Agenda 2030 pentru Dezvoltare Durabilă. Astfel, dintre cele 17 Obiective de
Dezvoltare Durabilă, ideea de gestionarea a deșeurilor se regăsește în:
 3. Sănătate și bunăstare
 6. Apă curată și sanitație
 7. Energie curată la prețuri accesibile
 12. Consum și producție responsabile
 13. Acțiune climatică
 14. Viața acvatică
 15. Viața terestră
TIPURI DE DEȘEURI
DEȘEURI MUNICIPALE

- generate de gospodării, birouri,

hoteluri și alte instituții;
- cuprinde deșeurile organice,
plastic, sticlă, metale;
- Asia și regiunea Pacificului produc
peste 1,5 milioane de tone anual
iar în 2025 se estimează consum
dublu;
 DEȘEURI INDUSTRIALE

- Cuprid o gamă largă de materiale ce

duc la poluarea mediului;
- Includ: hârtie, materiale din
construcții, deșeuri din procesarea
mâncării, uleiuri, solvenți, nămoluri,
sticlă etc.;
- În Asia și regiunea Pacificului se
produc anual peste 1900 de milioane
de tone anual;
DEȘEURI ȘI REZIDUURI AGRICOLE

- acestea s-au dezvoltat odată

cu creșterea animalelor
- Cuprind și reziduuri din
culturile agricole, și din
activitățile agricole
industriale;
- În China, 587 de milioane
de tone de deșeuri agricole
provin din cultivarea
orezului, a grâului și a
porumbului;
 DEȘEURI PERICULOASE

- Cuprinde produsele chimice;

- Produc o gamă mare de dezastre;
- În prezent există 110.000 de produse
chimice în comerț;
- Anual, peste 1000 de noi astfel de
produse sunt regăsite în magazine
preponderent pentru uz industrial
- Cele mai periculoase astfel de deșeuri
sunt produsele chimice, petrochimice,
petrolul, metalele, celuloză, hârtie etc.
PROCESAREA ȘI PRELUCRAREA DEȘEURILOR

1. Depozitarea ilegală în munți de

gunoaie – cea mai răspândită
metodă
2. Rampe de gunoi amenajate
corespunzător – gropi de gunoi
sanitare
3. Compostarea deșeurilor –
reducerea cantităților de deșeuri
4. Incinerarea deșeurilor – cea mai
inadecvată și costisitoare soluție
POLITICI NAȚIONALE ȘI STRATEGII
1. Părțile interesate, instituții și legislație
- Municipalitatea, industria (generatorii),
guvernul (regulatorii) și legislatorii
oferă cheia eficientizării colectării
deșeurilor la nivel național prin diverse
politici și strategii ce integrează
responsabilitatea la nivel național
- Instituțiile și legislația la nivel național
oferă elementele de bază a
infrastructurii pentru implementarea
politicilor, strategiilor și acțiunilor
2. Reducerea deșeurilor și reciclarea
a. Regularizarea industriei și
educarea consumatorilor în
beneficiul mediului
b. Schimbul de deșeuri organice,
anorganice, solvenți, uleiuri,
aicizi etc. între companii
c. Reciclarea – creștere
semnificativă în ultimii ani
datorită recuperării hârtiei, a
plasticului, produselor din
aluminiu, sticlă
E-WASTE
CE REPREZINTĂ?
- produsele electronice ce nu sunt
folosite, nefuncționale sau
aflate ,,la sfârșitul vieții’’

DE CE TREBUIESC RECICLATE?
- Ascund materiale toxice
- Afectează apa și viețuitoarele
- Mulți oameni caută metale în
gropile de gunoi
 E-WASTE AFRICA
● - 53,6 MT de e-waste a fost identificat la
nivel global în 2019, estimându-se
creșterea cantității la 74,7 în 2030
● - Țările africane: pionierii soluțiilor de
reducere a e-waste-urilor prin diverse
politici, reguli, legi
● - conform Global E-Waste, 13 țări
africane au adoptate o asemenea politică
deoarece au ajuns în stadii alarmante
Măsuri de reducere a E-Waste-urilor în
Africa
● 1. Mărirea responsabilității producătorilor: -
producătorii să preia electrocasnicele
la ,,sfârșitul vieții’’ (Madagascar, Ghana,
Nigeria, Rwanda)
● 2. Asigurarea de sustenabilitate financiară: -
acoperirea costurilor managementului de e-waste
(Nigeria)
● 3. Colaborarea cu sectorul privat: firma
Enviroserve – parteneriat de colectare a E-
Waste-urilor în Rwanda
● 4. Forțarea sistemului: ZICTA (Zambia Info and
Communications Technologies Autorithy) –
verifică calitatea și conformitatea produselor
electronice
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABOUT METHOD
You can describe the topic of
the section here
01 02 You can describe the topic of
the section here

VALUES RESULT
You can describe the topic of
the section here
03 04 You can describe the topic of
the section here
 01
ABOUT
THE
You can enter a subtitle here if
you need it
 “This is a quote, words full of
wisdom that someone important said
and can make the reader get
inspired.”

—SOMEONE FAMOUS
INTRODUCTION
You can give here a brief description of the topic you
want to talk about. For example, if you want to talk
about Mercury, you can say that it’s the smallest
planet in the entire Solar System
 OUR SYSTEMS
MONITORING
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
and the smallest one in the Solar
System—it’s only a bit larger than the
Moon
MANAGEMENT
Venus has a beautiful name and is the
second planet from the Sun. It’s hot and
has a poisonous atmosphere
 SYSTEM ADVANTAGE

DYNAMIC COST
CLEANLINESS
ROUTING REDUCTION
Mercury is the closest planet to Venus has a beautiful name and Despite being red, Mars is
the Sun and the smallest of is the second planet from the actually a cold place. It’s full
them all Sun of iron oxide dust
THE SLIDE TITLE GOES HERE!

Do you know what helps you make your point

clear? Lists like this one:
● They’re simple
● You can organize your ideas clearly
● You’ll never forget to buy milk!

And the most important thing: the audience won’t

miss the point of your presentation
PROBLEM STATEMENT
MONITORIN
DETECTION
G
Venus is the second planet Jupiter is the biggest planet
from the Sun of them all

MANAGEME
RESULT
NT
Despite being red, Mars is Saturn is a gas giant and
a cold place has several rings
 OUR SOLUTION

MONITORIN
IDENTITY SENSOR
G
Mercury is the smallest Venus is the second Mars is actually a very
planet planet from the Sun cold place

PANEL NOTIFICATIO
BOXED
ADMIN N
Jupiter is the biggest Saturn is a gas giant and Neptune is very far away
planet of them all has rings from Earth
$150,000
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
9h 55m 23s
Jupiter's rotation period

333,000.000
The Sun’s mass compared to Earth’s

386,000 km
Distance between Earth and the Moon
A PICTURE
ALWAYS
REINFORCES
THE CONCEPT
Images reveal large amounts of data, so remember: use
an image instead of a long text. Your audience will
appreciate it
AWESOM
E WORDS
A PICTURE IS
WORTH A
THOUSAND
WORDS
 OUR PLANS
BASIC PRO PREMIUM
Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful Mars is actually a cold
planet to the Sun and the name, but also high place. It’s full of iron oxide
smallest planet temperatures dust
LET’S USE SOME PERCENTAGES
25% 10% 50% 15%

VENUS JUPITER NEPTUNE MARS

Venus has a very Jupiter is the biggest Neptune is far away Mars is actually a
beautiful name planet from Earth cold place
 OUR TEAM

SOFIA HILL SAM HARRIS

You can talk a bit about this You can talk a bit about this
person here person here
 THIS IS A MAP
MERCURY
It’s the closest planet to the
Sun

SATURN
It’s composed of hydrogen
and helium

JUPITER
Jupiter is the biggest planet
of them all
 02
ABOUT
THE
You can enter a subtitle here if
you need it
 MARKET TRENDS

CERES
Ceres is located in the main
asteroid belt

SATURN
Saturn is composed of
hydrogen and helium
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one
here. For more info, click here
 INFOGRAPHICS
ULTRASONIC TRANSFORME
SENSOR
Venus is the second planet
R
Mars is actually a very cold
from the Sun place

WI-FI MODEM REGULATOR

Saturn is composed of Neptune is very far away
hydrogen and helium from Earth
 A TIMELINE ALWAYS WORKS FINE

MERCURY VENUS MARS NEPTUNE

It’s the closest planet to Venus is the second Mars is actually a very It’s the farthest planet
the Sun planet from the Sun cold place from the Sun
HARDWARE & SOFTWARE USED
HARDWARE SOFTWARE
Mercury is the smallest planet Saturn is the ringed planet

Venus has a beautiful name Neptune is very far away from us

Mars is actually a very cold place Earth is the third planet from the Sun

Jupiter is the biggest planet Pluto is now considered a dwarf planet

Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s hot and has a
poisonous atmosphere
 BUDGET ALLOCATION

$435,000 $323,000 $100,000

Venus has a very Jupiter is the biggest Neptune is far away
beautiful name planet from Earth

VENUS JUPITER NEPTUNE

 SALES & DISTRIBUTION
STEP 1
Venus is the second planet
from the Sun

STEP 3 STEP 2
Saturn is composed of Neptune is very far away
hydrogen and helium from us
 YOU CAN USE THIS GRAPH
30% 5%
VENUS MERCURY
Venus is the second It’s the closest planet to
planet from the Sun the Sun

20% 45%
JUPITER JUPITER
Jupiter is the biggest Mars is actually a very
planet of them all cold place
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and
then paste the new one here.
For more info, click here
 WORKFLOW DIAGRAM
START

CHECK SEND MESSAGE CLEANING

REPEAT UPDATE STATUS

Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest of them all
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