Lecia 1: Alfabetul Englez cu sfaturi de pronunie i modul recomandat de a spune un nume pe litere n limba Englez.
Alfabetul limbii Engleze este un alfabet Latin format din 26 de litere, cele mai folosite litere din limba engleza fiind vocala 'e' i consoana 't', la polul opus literele 'z' i 'q'. Literele 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u' sunt considerate vocale iar restul literelor sunt considerate consoane, litera 'y' poate fi considerat vocal dar i consoan, spre exemplu litera 'y' din cuvntul 'myth'. Diacriticele nu sunt folosite n limba Englez, ele apar n cuvinte mprumutate din alte limbi. Litera: Pronunia / Se citete: A a B b C c D d E e F f G g H h I i J j K k L l N n O o P p Q q R r S s T t U u V v X x Y y ei bi si di i ef gi ei-ci ai gei kei el en ou pi chiu ar es ti iu vi ecs uai A.F.* Romn Ana Barbu Dumitru Elena Florea / Floric Gheorghe Ion / Ilie Jiu / Jean kilogram Lazr Maria Nicolae Olga Petre / Petric Radu Sandu Tudor Udrea Vasile dublu V Xenia / ics i-grec A.F.* Englez Pronunia / Se citete: Alfa/Alpha Bravo Delta Echo Foxtrot Golf India Juliet Kilo Lima Mike November Oscar Papa Quebec Romeo Sierra Tango Uniform Victor Whiskey X-Ray Yankee alfa bravo ciarli delta eco foxtrot golf hotel india giuliet chilo lima maic novembr oscar papa cubec romio siera tango iuniform victr uischi ecs-rei ianchi
M m em
W w da-bl iu
Z z
zet
zahr / Zoe
Zulu
zulu
A.F.* - Alfabetul Fonetic Important: Caracterul ampersand '&' reprezint n limba Englez cuvntul 'and' tradus n Romn nseamn 'i', spre exemplu: Bill & Rose - Bill and Rose - Bill i Rose (n Romn). Caracterul ampersand '&' nu este considerat a fi o litera din alfabetul limbii Engleze.
la fel ca litera o din limba Romn nainte sau dup litera b la fel ca literele ea din limba Romn la fel ca literele ei din limba Romn
b c d e f g h i j k l
la fel ca litera b din limba Romn la fel ca litera c din limba Romn la fel ca litera s din limba Romn la fel ca litera d din limba Romn la fel ca litera din limba Romn la fel ca litera e din limba Romn la fel ca litera i din limba Romn la fel ca litera f din limba Romn la fel ca litera g din limba Romn la fel ca litera h din limba Romn nainte de consoana r la fel ca litera din limba Romn la fel ca litera i din limba Romn la fel ca literele ai din limba Romn la fel ca literele gi din limba Romn la fel ca litera c din limba Romn la fel ca literele ch din limba Romn la fel ca litera l din limba Romn
m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
la fel ca litera m din limba Romn la fel ca litera n din limba Romn la fel ca litera a din limba Romn la fel ca litera din limba Romn la fel ca litera o din limba Romn la fel ca literele ua din limba Romn la fel ca litera p din limba Romn la fel ca litera c din limba Romn la fel ca litera r din limba Romn la fel ca litera s din limba Romn la fel ca litera z din limba Romn la fel ca litera t din limba Romn la fel ca litera a din limba Romn la fel ca litera din limba Romn la fel ca literele iu din limba Romn la fel ca litera v din limba Romn la fel ca litera u din limba Romn la fel ca litera x din limba Romn la fel ca litera i din limba Romn la fel ca literele ai din limba Romn la fel ca litera z din limba Romn
man (se pronun: men) no (se pronun: no) how (se pronun: hau) upon (se pronun: pn) no (se pronun: no) one (se pronun: uan) play (se pronun: plei) quite (se pronun: cuait) rain (se pronun: rein) save (se pronun: seiv) is (se pronun: iz) take (se pronun: teic) up (se pronun: ap) upon (se pronun: pn) use (se pronun: ius) very (se pronun: veri) we (se pronun: ui) ax (se pronun: ex) yes (se pronun: ies) my (se pronun: mai) zoo (se pronun: zu)
Dup ce ai nvat cum sunt citite literele luate individual n cuvintele din limba Englez, putei trece la stadiul doi al leciei i anume: Cum se citesc grupurile de dou litere (diftongi) n Englez? Literele se citesc n cuvintele din limba Englez la fel ca litera o din limba Romn la fel ca literele ci din limba Romn la fel ca litera i din limba Romn la fel ca litera i din limba Romn la fel ca litera u din limba Romn la fel ca litera din limba Romn Exemplu n Englez law (se pronun: lo) each (se pronun: ici) each (se pronun: ici) bee (se pronun: bi) room (se pronun: rum) sheep (se pronun: ip)
aw ch ea ee oo sh
th
nainte de vocala e la fel ca litera d din limba Romn the (se pronun: d)
Vreau s citesc / s pronun cuvintele n limba Englez ct mai repede cu putina. Ce trebuie s fac? Deoarece n limba Englez pentru toate regulile de pronunie exista la fel de multe excepii, trebuie s realizai c nu exist scurtturi cnd vine vorba de o pronunie ct mai corect. Pronunia cuvintelor nu poate fi mecanic, ea trebuie exprimat intr-un mod ct mai natural posibil, iar acest lucru este realizabil doar n timp prin exemple i exerciii. Filmele, muzica i dialogul pot fi un factor important dac dorii s obinei o pronunie rapid, dar fr un vocabular dezvoltat n limba Englez exist posibilitatea s fie o pierdere de timp. Cu ajutorul website-ului nostru avei posibilitatea s v formai o pronunie n Englez destul de bun, deoarece toate leciile noastre de vocabular conin i pronunia cuvintelor n mod individual, astfel n timpul n care v formai un vocabular de baz, vei nva i cum se pronuna cuvintele cele mai comune n limba Englez.
treizeci - thirty (pronunia : frti) patruzeci - forty (pronunia : forti) cincizeci - fifty (pronunia : fifti) aizeci - sixty (pronunia : sixti) aptezeci - seventy (pronunia : sevnti) optzeci - eighty (pronunia : eit-ti) nouzeci - ninety (pronunia : nainti) o sut - one hundred (pronunia : uan handrt) dou sute - two hundred (pronunia : tu handrt) trei sute - three hundred (pronunia : fri handrt) o mie - one thousand (pronunia : uan tau-znt) dou mii - two thousand (pronunia : tu tau-znt)
the 10th the tenth the 11th the eleventh the 12th the twelfth the 13th the thirteenth the 14th the fourteenth the 15th the fifteenth the 16th the sixteenth
the 17th the seventeenth the 18th the eighteenth the 19th the nineteenth the 20th the twentieth
d sevn-tint d ei-tint d nain-tint d tuen-tiet d tuenti-fst d tuenti-frd d fr-tiet d for-tiet d fif-tiet d six-tiet d sevn-tiet d ei-tiet d nain-tiet
al douzeci i unulea a douzeci i una the 21st the twenty-first al douzeci i treilea a douzeci i treia the 23rd the twenty-third al treizecilea al patruzecilea al cincizecilea al aizecilea al aptezecilea al optzecilea al nouzecelea al o sutlea a treizecea a patruzecea a cincizecea a aizecea a aptezecea a optzecea a nouzecea a o suta the 30th the thirtieth the 40th the fortieth the 50th the fiftieth the 60th the sixtieth the 70th the seventieth the 80th the eightieth the 90th the ninetieth
De reinut! Cnd avem numerale ordinale compuse, doar ultima parte primete termiaia -th. de exemplu: the 84th - the eighty-fourth n nume de regi sau regine, numeralele ordinale sunt scrise n cifre romane. de exemplu: Edward III - Edward the Third Cea mai uzual ntrebuinare gsit numeralelor ordinale n limba Englez, este n exprimarea datei, ele pot fi aezate nainte sau dup lunile anului. de exemplu: the 17th of August 1995 / dac numeralul ordinal este aezat dup lunile anului atunci cuvntul of nu mai este folosit: August (the) 15th, 1995.
tii cum s spui "Bun ziua", "La revedere", "Mulumesc" sau "Cu plcere!" n limba Englez? n tabelul urmtor gsii traducerea unora dintre cele mai comune expresii i cuvinte folosite n limba Englez, de asemenea, pe coloana a treia sunt sfaturile de pronunie pentru majoritatea frazelor i cuvintelor.
Este ora nou - It is nine o'clock (pronunia : it iz nain cloc) Este ora zece - It is ten o'clock (pronunia : it iz ten cloc) Este ora unsprezece - It is eleven o'clock (pronunia : it iz ilevn cloc) Este ora doisprezece - It is twelve o'clock (pronunia : it iz tu-elf cloc) Este ora cinci si un sfert - It is five fifteen (pronunia : it iz faiv fif-tin) Este ora cinci si jumate - It is half past five (pronunia : it iz half past faiv) Este ora cinci i patruzeci si cinci - It is five forty-five (pronunia : it iz faiv forti-faiv) Mai multe cuvinte n strns legtur cu subiectul principal: diminea - morning (pronunia : morning) dup-amiaz - afternoon (pronunia : aftr-nun) seara - evening (pronunia : ivning) noapte - night (pronunia : nait) minut(e) - minute(s) (pronunia : mint(min) or(ore) - hour(s) (pronunia : aur(aurz)
sfrit de sptmn - weekend n Romn n Englez Prescurtarea: Pronunia / Se citete: Smbt Duminic Saturday Sunday Sat. Sun. Sa. Su. sat-dei san-dei
De reinut! Cnd scriei zilele sptmnii n limba Englez, prima liter este ntotdeauna o majuscul.
De reinut! Important! Prima zi din calendarul Englez este duminic, iar ultima este smbt, n comparaie cu calendarul Romnesc, aceast diferenta este una notabil, extrem de important de reinut. Important! Ambele prescurtri oferite, pentru fiecare zi din sptmn, sunt corecte. n Marea Britanie prescurtrile sunt scrise, de obicei, fr punct (Mon), cu toate acestea, varianta corect n Statele Unite, este cea cu punct (Mon.) Pentru a purta conversaii n limba Englez, avei nevoie de un vocabular puternic, dezvoltat pe diferite subiecte, de aceea, n aceast lecie, nu vei nva doar zilele sptmnii, ci i cuvinte nrudite cu acest subiect. n tabelul de mai jos, gsii cuvinte uzuale, ce v pot fi de folos n viitoarele conversaii, purtate n limba Englez: n Romn acum astzi / azi mine poimine ieri zilnic now today tomorrow the day after tomorrow yesterday n Englez Pronunia / Se citete: nau tu-dei tu-morou d dei aftr tu-morou ies-tr-dei nau-deiz
n continuare vom nva cteva fraze, propoziii i ntrebri de baz n limba Englez, toate n strns legtur cu subiectul principal al acestei lecii:
Cte zile sunt ntr-o sptmn? - How many days are in a week? (pronunia : hau meni deiz ar in uic?) ntr-o sptmn, sunt apte zile - in a week, there are seven days (pronunia : in uic, der ar sevn deiz) Ce zi este astzi? - What day is today? (pronunia : uat dei iz tu-dei?) Astzi este... / Azi este... - Today is... (pronunia : tu-dei iz...) Astzi este Miercuri / Azi este Miercuri - Today is Wednesday (pronunia : tu-dei iz uenzdei) Miercuri vine dup ziua de mari - Wednesday comes after Tuesday (pronunia : uenz-dei comz aftr tiuz-dei) Miercuri este a treia zi a sptmnii de lucru - Wednesday it's the third day of the work week (pronunia : uenz-dei i d frd dei of d urc uic) Ce ai de gnd s faci n acest weekend? - What are you going to do this weekend? (pronunia : uat ar iu going tu du dis uic-end?) Ce ai fcut weekend-ul trecut? - What did you do last weekend? (pronunia : uat did iu du last uic-end?) Ce ai de gnd s faci weekend-ul viitor? - What are you going to do next weekend? (pronunia : uat ar iu going tu du next uic-end?)
de-a lungul - along the (pronunia : long d) stnga - left (pronunia : left) n apropiere - near (pronunia : ni) lng - next to (pronunia : next tu) peste - over the (pronunia : ovr d) dreapta - right (pronunia : ruait) drept nainte - straight ahead (pronunia : streit hed) Forme - Shapes: Ptrat - Square (pronunia : scuer) Cerc - Circle (pronunia : sercl) Triunghi - Triangle (pronunia : truai-engl) Dreptunghi - Rectangle (pronunia : rect-engl) Oval - Oval (pronunia : ovl) Octogon - Octagon (pronunia : octgon) Cub - Cube (pronunia : qiub) Sfer - Sphere (pronunia : sfea) Con - Cone (pronunia : qon) Cilindru - Cylinder (pronunia : silindr)
grindin - hail (pronunia : heil) nori - clouds (pronunia : claud) ploaie - rain (pronunia : rein) polei - glazed frost (pronunia : gleizd frost) Prognoza Meteo - Weather Forecast (pronunia : uedr for-cast) rsritul Soarelui - Sunrise (pronunia : san-raiz) rou - dew (pronunia : diu) Soare - Sun (pronunia : san) Stea - Star (pronunia : star) temperatura la umbr - temperature in the shade (pronunia : tem-pe-ciu-r in d eid) vizibilitate - visibility (pronunia : vizbi-li-ti) zpad - snow (pronunia : snou)
frunza - the leaf (pronunia : d lif) iarba - the grass (pronunia : d gras) insula - the island (pronunia : d island) jungla - the jungle (pronunia : d giangl) lacul - the lake (pronunia : d leic) luna - the moon (pronunia : d mun) luna plin - the full moon (pronunia : d ful mun) muntele - the mountain (pronunia : d mauntn) nisipul - the sand (pronunia : d sand) norul - the cloud (pronunia : d claud) oceanul - the ocean (pronunia : d on) oraul - the city (pronunia : d siti) pdurea - the forest (pronunia : d forest) petera - the cave (pronunia : d cheiv) piatra - the stone (pronunia : d ston) plaja - the beach (pronunia : d bici) planta - the plant (pronunia : d plant) podul - the bridge (pronunia : d brigi) pomul - the tree (pronunia : d tri) rdcina - the root (pronunia : d rut) rsritul soarelui - the sunrise (pronunia : d san-raiz) rul - the river (pronunia : d rivr) soarele - the sun (pronunia : d san) strada - the street (pronunia : d strit) ara - the country (pronunia : d cauntri) terenul - the field (pronunia : d fild) trandafirul - the rose (pronunia : d roz) tufiul - the bush (pronunia : d bu) tunetul - the lightning (pronunia : d lait-ning) valea - the valley (pronunia : d valei) valul - the wave (pronunia : d ueiv) vntul - the wind (pronunia : d uind) vremea - the weather (pronunia : d uedr) zpada - the snow (pronunia : d snou)
Deoarece animalele de companie fac parte din viaa multora dintre noi, aceast lecie de Englez v va fi folositoare att n viaa de zi cu zi ct i n momentul n care purtai o conversaie legat de animale n general. Tabelul urmtor conine cele mai comune nume de animale n limba Englez, el este ordonat alfabetic i mprit pe trei coloane, primele doua coloane conin traducerea din limba Romn n limba Englez iar a treia coloan conine pronunia: n Romn n Englez Pronunia / Se citete:
broasca estoas the turtle calul the horse capra cprioara celu cinele cimpanzeul crocodilul curcanul fluturele furnica gina girafa gorila iepurele leul liliacul lupul mgarul maimua oaia paianjenul papagalul pasrea pinguinul pisica pisicua porcul raa arpele scorpionul oricelul narul taurul tigrul the goat the deer doggy the dog
the chimpanzee d cimp-an-zi d croco-dail the crocodile the turkey the butterfly the ant the chicken the giraffe the gorilla the rabbit the lion the bat the wolf the donkey the monkey the sheep the spider the parrot the bird the penguin the cat the kitten the pig the duck the snake the scorpion the mouse the mosquito the bull the tiger d trchi d batr-flai di ent d cicn d giraf di gorila d rabit d laion d beat d ulf d donchi d manchi d ip d spaidr d part d brd d penguin d cheat d chitn d pig d dac d sneic d scorpion d maus d moschito d bul d taig
the bear the cow the squirrel the calf the fox the eagle the zebra
carnea de pasre poultry meat poultri mit carnea de porc pork porc carnea de vac carnea de vit cacavalul crnatul ciocolata crabul curcanul friptura beef veal the cheese the sausage bif vil d ciz d sos-igi
the chocolate d cioclt d creab the crab the turkey steak d trchi steic si-fud d cichen dam-plings d geam
fructele de mare seafood gina the chicken glute gemul ngheata dumplings the jam
mierea orezul oul pinea petele salata supa unca tortul untul zahrul
the honey the rice the egg the bread the fish the salad the soup the ham the cake the butter the sugar
Buturi Vocabular / Drinks Vocabulary n Romn ap ap mineral n Englez water Pronunia / Se citete: utr soft drinc bir cofi ti milc soda uain uait uain red uain
buturi rcoritoare soft drink bere beer cafea ceai ciocolata cald lapte suc vin vin alb vin rou coffee tea milk soda wine white wine red wine
cuvinte folosite n prepararea mncrurilor n Romn afumat cald coapt fiart gustos mutarul oetul picant n Englez Pronunia / Se citete: smoked warm baked boiled tasty smocd urm beicd boield testi
the pepper d pepr fried cold the salt the oil fraid cold d solt di oil
Tacmurile / Tableware n Romn n Englez Pronunia / Se citete: cuitul farfuria furculia linguria paharul sticla vasele the knife the plate the fork the glass d naif d pleit d forc d glas
Aceast lecie de Englez este format din dou tabele, cu ajutorul crora v vei mbunti vocabularul Englez atunci cnd vine vorba de: fructe i legume. Fiecare tabel pe coloana a treia conine pronunia cuvintelor n limba Englez. Fructe n Englez - Fruits in English:
lamia
the lemon
lamia verde the lime mrul mslina para piersica portocala strugurii zmeura the apple the olive the pear the peach the orange the grapes the raspberry
n Romn cartoful
fasolea verde the green beans d grin binz mlai morcovul ridichea roia varza corn flour the carrot the radish the tomato the cabbage corn flaua di carot d radi d tomato d cabigi
frate vitreg step brother / half brother step bradr / half bradr sor vitreg stepsister / half-sister
strbunic great-grandmother
Cuvntul "rude" nu se afl n tabelul de mai sus dar este un cuvnt important ce poate fi folosit n numeroase circumstane: rude - relatives (se pronun: relativs). Cuvintele "Domnul (Dl.)" i "Doamna (D-na.)" sunt extrem de folosite atunci cnd dorii s fii politicoi, spre exemplu: Domnul (Dl.) Marius a sosit alturi de Doamna (D-na.) Georgiana - Mister (Mr.) Marius arrived with Misses (Mrs.) Georgiana ; sau o interjecie des ntlnit la televizor: Doamnelor i Domnilor! Bine ai venit - Ladies and Gentlemen! Welcome.
n continuare vom nva cteva fraze, propoziii i ntrebri de baz n limba Englez, toate n strns legtur cu subiectul principal al acestei lecii:
Acesta este tatl meu | Aceasta este mama mea - This is my father | This is my mother (pronunia : dis iz mai fadr / dis iz mai madr) Observaie! this is my... se folosete la fel indiferent de genul substantivului. Fratele meu este un profesor de matematic - My brother is a math teacher (pronunia : mai bradr iz mat ticir) Am doi frai i dou surori - I have two brothers and two sisters (pronunia : ai heav tu bradrz end tu sistrz) Soia mea este avocat - My wife is a lawyer (pronunia : mai uaif iz loir) Suntei castorit()? - Are you married? (pronunia : ar iu merid?) Sunt divorat() - I am divorced (pronunia : ai em divorst) Fiul meu locuiete n Spania - My son lives in Spain (pronunia : mai san livs in spein)
Dup ce vei studia aceast lecie, vei deosebi cuvintele din limba Englez care fac referire la: zonele casei, mobilier, decoraiuni i aparate electrice de uz casnic.
Cu ajutorul cuvintelor din tabelul urmtor vei putea s descriei apartamentul / casa n care locuii, de asemenea, vei putea s deosebii ntr-o conversaie, cuvintele care fac referire la subiectele legate de: numrul de camere, zonele casei etc... n Romn n Englez Pronunia / Se citete: d ruf
the bathroom d batrum the balcony the kitchen the room d balconi d chicin d rum d bedrum d gardn d ghea-raj d gras d hol--uei graund flor d ual d flor frst flor d sters
dormitorul the bedroom grdina garajul gazonul holul parter peretele podeaua the garden the garage the grass the hallway ground floor the wall the floor
sufrageria the living room d living rum tavanul toaleta the ceiling the toilet d siling d toilet
tii cum se spune "scaun" n limba Englez? Tabelul de mai jos te va ajuta s nvei denumirile mobilierului i decoraiunilor ntlnite n majoritatea locuinelor. n Romn biblioteca biroul cada canapeaua chiuveta chiuveta din baie n Englez the bookcase Pronunia / Se citete: d buk-cheis
writing desk / writing table ruaiting desc / ruaiting teibl the bathtub the couch / the sofa the sink the bathroom sink d bat-tab d kauci / d sofa d sinc d batrum sinc d chicin sinc trea chean d carpet / d r-ag d cla-zet d aua d uind-ou d arm-cer d dor heandl d teibl d frni-cir d mirr d bed d blanchet d crtin d pilou d foto / d pic-cir d taul
chiuveta din buctrie the kitchen sink co de gunoi covorul dulapul duul fereastra fotoliul mnerul de la ua masa mobila oglinda patul ptura perdeaua perna poza prosopul trash can the carpet / the rug the closet the shower the window the armchair the door handle the table the furniture the mirror the bed the blanket the curtain the pillow the photo / the picture the towel
the faucet the seat / the chair the drawer the door the dishes the vase
tii cum se spune "frigider" n limba Englez? Tabelul de mai jos te va ajuta s nvei denumirile celor mai utilizate aparate electrice de uz casnic. n Romn aerul condiionat aparatele aspiratorul ceasul ceasul detepttor congelatorul cratia cuptorul cuptorul cu microunde n Englez the air conditioning the appliances the vacuum cleaner the watch / the clock the alarm clock the freezer the pan the oven the microwave Pronunia / Se citete: d er condining d plainsiz d veacum clinr d uaci / d clac d larm clac d frizr d pean d avn d maicro-ueiv d chean opnr d aion d stim aion
deschiztorul de conserve the can opener fierul de clcat fierul de clcat cu aburi frigiderul lampa maina de splat rufe maina de splat vase the iron the steam iron
the fridge / the refrigerator d frigi / d refrigereitor the lamp the washing machine the dishwasher d leamp d uaing main d di-uar
the mixer the radio the remote control the phone the TV the hair dryer
bilet bilet de avion biroul vamal cltoria companie aerian decolare destinaia excursia gar geant maina mergem pe jos mergem pe jos metroul metroul motocicleta nava pasagerul paaportul plecri poart poet ruta scopul sosiri staia de tren strada strada principal ara trenul valiza
ticket plane ticket Customs Office the journey airline take-off the destination the trip station bag the car we walk we go on foot metro the underground motorcycle ship the passenger the passport departure gate purse the route the purpose arrivals the train station the street the main street the country the train the suitcase
tichet plein tichet castms ofis d giorni ealain teic-of d destinein d trip stein beag d car ui ulc ui go on fout metro di andrgraund moto-saicl ip d pas-sn-ger d pas-port deparcir gheit prs ruedi for teic-of d rut d prpas raivls d trein stein d strit d mein strit d cantri d trein d sut-cheis
n urmtoarele rnduri gsii fraze de cltorie n limba Englez, dac dorii s nvai saluturi i expresii uzuale n limba Englez v recomandm Englez Lecia 3: Formule de Salut n Englez - Expresii n Englez
Ct cost ...? - How much is ...? (pronunia : hau maci iz ...?) Ct cost biletul? - How much is the ticket? (pronunia : hau maci iz d tichet?) Unde pot ...? - Where can I ...? (pronunia : uer chen ai ...?) Unde pot nchiria o main? - Where can I rent a car? (pronunia : uer chen ai rent car?) A dori s ... - I would like to ... (pronunia : i uld laic tu ...) A dori s nchiriez o main pentru ... zile / sptmni - I would like to rent a car for ... days / weeks (pronunia : i uld laic tu rent car for ... deiz / uics) La ce or decoleaz / aterizeaz avionul? - What time does the plane take off / land? (pronunia : uat taim daz d plein teic of / leand?) Unde este ...? - Where is the ...? (pronunia : uer iz d ...?) Unde este toaleta? - Where is the toilet / restroom? (pronunia : uer iz d toilet / rest-rum?)
GRAMATICA
Present
Present (Prezent) I work (Eu lucrez) you work (Tu lucrezi) he/she/it works (El/Ea lucreaz) we work (Noi lucrm) you work (Voi lucrai) they work (Ei/Ele lucreaz)
Present continuous I am working you are working he/she/it is working we are working you are working they are working
Present perfect I have worked you have worked he/she/it has worked we have worked you have worked they have worked
Present perfect continuous I have been working you have been working he/she/it has been working we have been working you have been working they have been working
Past
Past tense/Preterite (Trecut) I worked (Eu am lucrat) you worked (Tu ai lucrat) he/she/it worked (El/Ea a lucrat) we worked (Noi am lucrat) you worked (Voi ai lucrat) they worked (Ei/Ele au lucrat) Past continuous I was working you were working he/she/it was working we were working you were working they were working
Past perfect I had worked you had worked he/she/it had worked we had worked you had worked they had worked
Past perfect continuous I had been working you had been working he/she/it had been working we had been working you had been working they had been working
Future
Future (Viitor) I will work (Eu voi lucra) Future continuous I will be working
you will work (Tu vei lucra) he/she/it will work (El/Ea va lucra) we will work (Noi vom lucra) you will work (Voi vei lucra) they will work (Ei/Ele vor lucra)
you will be working he/she/it will be working we will be working you will be working they will be working
Future perfect I will have worked you will have worked he/she/it will have worked we will have worked you will have worked they will have worked
Future perfect continuous I will have been working you will have been working he/she/it will have been working we will have been working you will have been working they will have been working
Present
Present (Prezent) I do (Eu fac) you do (Tu faci) we do (Noi facem) you do (Voi facei) they do (Ei/Ele fac) Present continuous I am doing you are doing we are doing you are doing they are doing
I have done you have done we have done you have done they have done
I have been doing you have been doing we have been doing you have been doing they have been doing
Past
Past tense/Preterite (Trecut) Past continuous I did (Eu am fcut) I was doing you did (Tu ai fcut) we did (Noi am fcut) you did (Voi ai fcut) they did (Ei/Ele au fcut) Past perfect I had done you had done we had done you had done they had done you were doing we were doing you were doing they were doing he/she/it did (El/Ea a fcut) he/she/it was doing
Past perfect continuous I had been doing you had been doing we had been doing you had been doing they had been doing
Future
Future (Viitor) I will do (Eu voi face) you will do (Tu vei face) we will do (Noi vom face) you will do (Voi vei face) they will do (Ei/Ele vor face) Future perfect I will have done you will have done Future continuous I will be doing you will be doing we will be doing you will be doing they will be doing
Future perfect continuous I will have been doing you will have been doing
he/she/it will have done he/she/it will have been doing we will have done you will have done they will have done we will have been doing you will have been doing they will have been doing
Concluziile importante pe care le putem extrage din conjugare verbului to do (a face) ar fi: 1. verbul to do (a face) i schimb forma de baz n timpurile: Past tense/Preterite (Trecut), Present perfect, Past perfect i Future perfect. 2. n toate celelalte timpuri se conjug la fel ca i un verb regulat. n continuare urmeaz lista creata de noi cu cele mai frecvente verbe neregulate din limba Englez. n aceast list ordonat alfabetic vei gsi un numr total de 60 de verbe neregulate mparite n trei categorii Infinitive, Past tense i Past participle: Infinitive to be (a fi) to become (a deveni) to begin (a ncepe) to break (a sparge) to bring (a aduce) to build (a construi) to buy (a cumpra) to catch (a prinde) to choose (a alege) to come (a veni) to cut (a tia) to do (a face) to draw (a desena) to drink (a bea) to drive (a conduce) to eat (a mnca) to feel (a simi) to fight (a lupta) to find (a gsi) to fly (a zbura) to forget (a uita) to forgive (a ierta) to get (a obine) to give (a da) to go (a merge) to have (a avea) Past tense Past participle was/were became began broke brought built bought caught chose came cut did drew drank drove ate felt fought found flew forgot forgave got gave went had been become begun broken brought built bought caught chosen come cut done drawn drunk driven eaten felt fought found flown forgotten forgiven got/gotten given gone had
to hear (a auzi) to hold (a ine) to keep (a ine) to know (a ti) to learn (a nva) to leave (a pleca) to let (a lsa) to lie (a mini) to lose (a pierde) to make (a face) to mean (a nsemna) to meet (a ntlni) to pay (a plti) to put (a pune) to read (a citi) to run (a alerga) to say (a spune) to see (a vedea) to sell (a vinde) to send (a trimite) to set (a pune) to sit (a sta) to sleep (a dormi) to speak (a vorbi) to spend (a cheltui) to stand (a sta) to take (a lua) to teach (a preda) to tell (a spune) to think (a gndi) to wear (a purta) to win (a ctiga) to write (a scrie)
heard held kept knew learnt left let lay lost made meant met paid put read ran said saw sold sent set sat slept spoke spent stood took taught told thought wore won wrote
heard held kept known learnt/learned left let lain lost made meant met paid put read run said seen sold sent set sat slept spoken spent stood taken taught told thought worn won written
to be (a fi): Infinitive->be, Past tense->was/were, Past participle->been to do (a face): Infinitive->do, Past tense->did, Past participle->done to have (a avea): Infinitive->have, Past tense->had, Past participle->had
Acum vom analiza fiecare verb auxiliar n parte, pentru a nelege mai bine cnd i cum ne pot fi de ajutor verbele auxiliare din limba Englez:
to be (a fi) ajut la formarea timpurilor verbale continuous to do (a face) ajut la formarea ntrebarilor i negaiilor to have (a avea) ajut la formarea timpurilor verbale perfect
Exemple de verbe auxiliare n propoziii: to be (a fi) I am eating a lot of fruits - Eu mnnc o mulime de fructe I was reading the newspaper - Citeam ziarul I was watching football - M uitam la fotbal to do (a face) do you know where can i find...? - tii unde pot gsi ...? do you like this song? - i place melodia asta? do you write the homework now? - scrii temele acum? to have (a avea) I have become more stronger - Am devenit mai puternic I have eaten something delicious - Am mncat ceva delicios we have seen the game up close - Am vazut jocul de aproape