Sinteza rinii ureo-formaldehidice prin

procedeu discontinuu

Coordonator: Absolvent:
Conf. dr. ing. Ana-Maria Albu Nstase Oana Mihaela


Bucureti
2013
Sinteza ureei i formaldehidei
N H
2
CO NH
2
CaCN
2
+ O H
2
+ CO
2
NH
4
NCO CO
2
+ 2NH
3
CH
2
O CH
3
OH CH
4
+ O
2
UREE
FORMALDEHID
Proprietile ureei i formaldehidei
Activarea catalitic a ZnO
Sinteza compuilor eseniali n proto-metabolism din
formaldehid si amoniac
Proprietile i aplicaiile rinilor ureo-
formaldehidice
Proprieti:
Rezisten la flacr i la cldur
Posibilitate mare de colorare i stabilitatea culorii
Rezisten bun la ap fierbinte i la ageni chimici ca alcalii, acizi slabi,
esteri, aceton.
Rezisten bun la oc
Lips de miros i de gust
Domeniu mare de temperaturi de utilizare
Proprieti dielectrice buna
Rigiditate i luciu al suprafeei

Aplicaii:
- adezivi, lacuri, prafuri de presare i spume
O
N H
2
NH
2
+
HCHO
OH
-
O
N H
2
NH
OH
+
O H NH
O
NH OH
C
N H
2
NH
2
O
+
CH
2
O
HOHC NH
C
NH
2
O H
HOHC NH
C
NH
O H
CHOH
+
CH
2
N H
2
NH CO OH
O
CH
2
H
NH
O
C
N H
2
O
C
H
NH
C
O
CH
2
H
NH
O
CH
2
NH NH CO OH HOH
2
C
(1)
(2)
N
CH
2
C
O
N
H
2
C
O
CH
2
O CH
2
O C H
3
CH
3
Sinteza rinilor - chimism
Policondensare - mecansim
N H
2
C NH
2
O
+ OH
-
- OH
-
O H
2 +
N H
2
C NH
-
O
+ CH
2
O
N H
2
C NH
O
CH
2
OH
+ H
+
N H
2
C NH
O
CH
2
O
-
CH
2
O C H
2
+
O
..
..
:
-
+ H
+
- H
+
C H
2
+
OH
C H
2
+
OH
+
N H
2
C NH
2
O
N H
2
C N
O
CH
2
OH
H
H
+
- H
+
+ H
+
- H
+
+ H
+
N H
2
C N
O
CH
2
OH
H
..
..
- H
+
+ H
+
N H
2
C N
O
CH
2
H
OH
H
.. +
+ H
2
O
- H
2
O + H
2
O
- H
2
O
+ H
+
- H
+
..
N H
2
C
O
N CH
3
H
NH
+
CH
2
N H
2
C
O
N H
2
C
O
N CH
2
..
O C
NH
NH
2
CH
2
OH
O C
NH
NH CH
2
OH
CH
2
OH
O C
N
NH
2
CH
2
(I)
(II)
(III)
Mediu acid
Mediu alcalin
Mediu neutru sau slab alacalin
S
c
h
e
m

T
e
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
c

ABUR
ABUR
AR
ABUR
ABUR
AR
ABUR
ABUR
AR AR
H2O
Ambalare
NaOH
H2O
UREE
CH2O
HCl
NH3
1
2
3
4
5
6 7
8
13
9
11
10
12
22
14
15
16
18 19
20
21
17
15
23
26 25
24
27
29 30
31
32
28
33
Fluxul tehnologic propus pentru sinteza rinii ureo-formaldehidice prin procedeu
discontinuu
Sol. NH
3
-25%
Sol. CH
2
O-37%
Uree brut
NaOH solid Sol. HCl-36.5% Apa
Produs finit
Metilolare
Policondensare I
Concentrare
Dizolvare NaOH
Condensare
Dizolvare uree
Diluie sol. HCl-
36.5%
Standardizarea rinii
Policondensare II
Preparare amestec reactani
Spre epurare
p = 0.3 %
p = 0.3 %
p = 1 %
Operaia Materiale intrate Cantitate [kg/arj] Materiale ieite Cantitate [kg/arj]
Policondensare II
Soluie NH
3
25% 19.29
Produs finit 1925 Soluie uree 65% 1488.71
Amestec de la concentrare total 417
Total 1925 Total 1925
Dozare soluie NH
3
25%
Cantitatea soluie NH
3
25% 19.35
Cantitate soluie NH3 25% 19.29
Pierderi 0.06
Total 19.35 Total 19.35
Preparare soluie uree 65%
Uree initial 275.16
Soluie uree 65% 423.32
Ap pentru soluie uree 178.16
Total 423.32 Total 423.32
Transport porie II uree
Uree transportat 421.21
Uree initial 417
Pierderi 4.21
Total 421.21 Total 421.21
Dozare porie II uree
Porie II uree transportat 423.32
Uree transportat 421.21
Pierderi 2.11
Total 423.32 Total 423.32
Transport porie II uree primar
Uree initial 277.94
Poria II uree pentru dozare 275.16
Pierderi 2.78
Total 277.94 Total 277.94
Concentrare
Amestec pentru concentrare 2126.72
Amestec de la concentrare 1488.71
Reziduu 638.01
Total 2126.72 Total 2126.72
Policondensare I
Amestec de la metilolare 2105.66
Amestec pentru concentrare
2126.72 Soluie HCl 21.06
Total 2126.72 Total 2126.72
Preparare soluie HCl 0.1%
Cantitatea HCl 36.5% brut 0.57 Soluie HCl 1% 21.05
Ap pentru soluie HCl 20.54 Pierderi 0.06
Total 21.11 Total 21.11
Metilolare
Amestec de metilolare 2105.66 Amestec de la metilolare 2105.66
Total 2105.66 Total 2105.66
Preparare amestec de metilolare
Poria I de uree 1918.54
Amestec de metilolare 2105.66 Soluie CH
2
O 176.6
Soluie NaOH 10.52
Total 2105.66 Total 2105.66
Dozare soluie CH
2
O
Soluie CH
2
O dozat 177.47
Soluie CH
2
O 176.59
Pierderi 0.88
Total 177.47 Total 177.47
Preparare soluie NaOH 4%
Cantitatea NaOH brut 0.41
Soluie NaOH 10.52
Ap soluie NaOH 10.11
Total 10.52 Total 10.52
Transport porie I uree
Porie I uree dozat 1937.92
Porie I uree 1918.55
Pierderi 19.37
Total 1937.92 Total 1937.92
Dozare porie I uree
Porie I uree transportat 1947.66
Porie I uree dozat 1937.92
Pierderi 9.74
Total 1947.66 Total 1947.66
Transport porie I uree
Porie I uree brut 1967.33
Porie I uree transportat 1947.66
Pierderi 19.67
Total 1967.33 Total 1967.33
Total 18016.91 18016.91
B
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e

p
e

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a

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Bilan termic
Bilanul termic a fost realizat pentru fiecare operaie a procesului ce
necesita nclzire/rcire.
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