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Totul Despre Paulownia
Totul Despre Paulownia
5 . C E R C E T A RP
I R IV IN DC U L T U R AFORESTIERA
PAULOWNIA TOMENIOSA (rhunb.)Steud.
Dr ing.S RADUICASSimeria,
ing VCRISTESCU
clr.ing.l. DUMITRU-TATARANU
ICASBucuregti'
5.1.
Introducere
CercetdrileprivindculturaspecieiPaulowniatomentosa[hunb.) Steud.s-au efectuat in perioada 1984-1986in cadrul unei teme complexevizind introducereagi extindereain culturi a unor specii forestierede interesindustrialdeosebit,producdtoare
de lemn cu utilizdrispeciale.Cercetarileau urmdritsporirearesurselorpropriide materii
prime gi reducereaimportuluiacestora,prin introducereain culturd,pe suprafelelimitate
qi judicios alese, a unor specii de plante lemnoaseexotice,adaptabilela conditiile
noastrepedoclimatice.
Stadiulcunogtintelorprivindculturaspeciei
5.2.
dr.ing.l. Mugat,
ing,L Nequ,
cu: Ing.L Herta,
dr.ing,C.Traci,
in colaborare
dr,ing.L Ungureanu
ing.N. Dragul
dinICAS,
ingMariaRalru,
(OS. BaiaMare)
(O.S.DrobetaTr.
ing.D.CherecheE
Severin),
DeltaDundrii),
ing l. Albu(ICPP
ing.A. Ritiu(O.S.Sicuieni),
6l
Scopul cercetirilor
Metodade lucru
Rezultateobtinute
Caracterizarea
silvoecologicd
a speciei$i importantaei economici.
Garacteristicidendrologice.Paulowniatomentosaflhunb.)Steud.(PimpeilalisS
& Z.; P japonicaRev.;P recurvaRehd.)Arborede mdrimeall - lll-a.Lujerianualicenugiibruni,tomentogi.Frunzelede pe lujeriiscu4i lat ovate,scurt acuminate,la bazi cordate,
intregi, pe tala superioari de un verde viu, cenuqiu tomentoase,pe tala inferioard,
cenugiu lanat-pdroase;peri ramifica{i(dendroizi),lung pedicela}i,cu ramuricapilarein
amesteccu peri glandulogi(fig.1.).
Frunzelede pe luleriivigurogi
3 - 5lobate,neregulat
pe
piramidale
piroase.
dinlate, ambelefete abundent
des tomentoase,de
Inflorescenle
25 - 40 cm lungime,cu axulprincipalde 20 - 38 cm qi ramurilateralede 3 - 15 cm (fig.1).
Corolacampanulatd(digitalis)
de 5 - 6 cm lungime
,la bazAde 1 cm latime,violetdin interior cu striatiunigalbene;peri drepti articulati.Caliciucu lobi lat-ovati.Capsulaovoidd,
femnoasdde 3 cm lungime,tornentoasa,
scurt pedunculatd.Semintelesunt mici, aripate,
circa1200- 2300buc.in fiecarecapsuld.Masaa 1000seminteestede aprox.0,15g. cu
o germinaliede 80 - 90 %.
/l
VA
EE
Pdr neramificat
sau
slab ramificat
ArealulspecieiP. tomentosa
P d rd e n d r o i dl u n g
pedunculat,
de pe fata
inferioard
a frunzelor
InflorescentE
tip tementosa(seriaPaulownia)
P a rg l a n d u l o s
O'a
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tstr
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91
e f e c t u a tdee i n g .A . C o s t e aE ii n g .T . l v a n s c hdi i n l . C . A . S
92
5.5.2.
Culturiexistente(rdspindire,comportare,creqteri)
Particularitilileculturiispecieiinpepiniere
94
vo
97
ZONAREAECOLOGICA
A CULTURILOR
EXPERIMENTALE
DE
PAULOWNIATOMENTOSA'
ECOLOGICAL
ZONNINGOF EXPERIMENTAL
OF
CULTURES
PAULOWNIATOMENTOSA
Regiunea,subregiuneaEisectorulecologic(formalia)
Nr-rmir Filiale
pentruculturiexperimentale
indicatd
curent silvice
(
O
.1.9)
O
.
2
.
9
;
1.
Arad
N . 1 . 9(;N . 1 . 6 . N . 1 . 7 )
2.ArgeE
(O.2.9)
3. Bihor
M
, 2 . 9M
; .1.10
B
r
d
i
l
a
4.
M.2.9
5. Buziu
M . 2 . 9M
; . 1 . 1 0M; . 1 . 9(;N . 1 . 6 )
6.Cilaragi
M.1.10
constanla
7.N . l . 9 ;( N . 1 . 6N; . 1 . 7 )
8.Dimbovita
; . 2 . 7E: . 2 . e )
N . 2 . e (; N . 2 . 7 . () E
e.Dolj
M.2.9.
Galati
1 0 .N . 1 . 9(;N . 1 . 6N; . 1 . 7 )
1 1 .Giurgiu
Gorl
12,ff.2.7: E.2.9)
M . 2 . 9M
; .1.10
lalomita
1 3 .N.2.9;(N.2.7);(E.2.7;E.2.9)
Mehedinli
14.N . 1 . 9(;N . 1 . 6N; . 1. 7 ) ;( D . 2 . 7 ; D . 2 . s )
Olt
1 5 .' 1 6-.
N . 1 . 9(;N . 1 . 6N; . 1 . 7 )
Prahova
N . 1 . 9 (; N . 1 . 6N; . 1 . 7 )
Teleorman
1 7 .(O.1.e)
Timiq
1 8 .M.1.10
1 9 .Tulcea
(E.2.7;E.2.9)
Vilcea
20. M.2.9
Vrancea
21.S e c t o r uAl g r i c olll f o v N . 1 . 9 (; N . 1 . 6N; . 1 . 7 )
2 2 .5.6.
Concluzii
pentru
gi sectoare
ecologrce
silvicenu s-augdsitsubregiuni
in restulfilialeior
(5)
tomentosa.
Paulownia
a speciei
culturaexperimentala
103
104
5.7. Anexa 1
1b.
zd.
2b.
3 a.
3 b.
4 a.
4 b.
5 a.
5 b.
10s
5.8. Bibliografie
1. Chancerel,L.
1920
2. Dumitriu-Tatdranu,L
1979
3. Kolesnikov,A.l
1974
4. Krussmann,G.
1962
5.+++
1984
Fig.1. Paulownia
tomentosafl-hunb.)Steud.Arealulnaturalgi uneledetaliimorfologice:
Fig.2. Culturide Paulownia
tomentosa.
Paulownia
tomentosagrowing.
5.1O.
Summary
Researchesregardingforest culture of
PaulowniaTomentosa(Thunb)Steud
Researchesregardingforestcultureof Paulowniatomentosawere carriedout between1984-1986.
The purposewas to bringand extend,withinthe culture,somewoodyieldingspecieswith severalspecialutilizations.
The carriedout experimentalreserches
establishedthe possibility
for its use to make chipboards,furniture,technicalveneers,
objectsfor sport,etc. lt was establishedthe spreadingof this speciesin our country.One
found over 500 trees, most of them under 30 years old, with heightsusuallylowerthan
15 m and diametersup to 40 - 58 cm. Asidefrom the treesgrowingin localitiesone inventoriedother 241 trees within culturesof a forest type and a specialcultureto produce
biomass.
The accomplishedsowings intended to establishthe best technologiesto
produceplants.The culture,at seedlingphase,outlinedsome particularqualltieswhich
characterizethis species:heliophilecharacter,luxuriantgrowth of plants- so, an ensuring of an enough large nutritionspace, low resrstanceagainst early frosts and the
capacityof damagedstemsto restorenextyearof the buds aroundthe collarzone.Carareasled to the conriedout resercheson olderculturesand new installedexperinrental
clusionthat bringingthis subtropical
speciesin forestcultures,in orderto yieldwood, is
accompaniedby rrsks.One considersthat in the next periodit is good to be continued
culturesas biogroupsand aligments.
the installationof the experimental
106