Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
-JIU
FACULTATEA DE TIINE JURIDICE I LITERE
NOTA AUTOAREI
Acest suport de seminar se adreseaz n principal studentilor i celor care urmeaz
cursuri de nvare a limbii engleze, prezentnd noiunile de gramatic ntr-o manier
clar i concis.
Studierea principalelor noiuni de gramatic este cu att mai uoar cu ct acestea
sunt structurate n capitole i subcapitole. Un alt aspect care face mai plcut studierea
noiunilor de gramatic sunt textele existente la nceputul fiecrui capitol i care pot fi
citite i traduse n limba romn acest lucru favoriznd i studierea vocabularului aferent.
La sfritul fiecrui capitol de gramatic exist o parte practic cuprinnd o serie
de exerciii cu grade diferite de dificultate care ajut la fixarea respectivelor noiuni.
B. TO HAVE
Este folosit ca verb principal, verb auxiliar de timp i echivalent modal.
Forma afirmativa este: have, have, has, has, has, have, have, have.
Spre deosebire de verbul To Be, interogativul i negativul verbului To Have se
formeaz att cu ajutorul lui DO ct i singure:
Eg.: The children have an interesting idea.
Have you participate to this show?
I have not come here for nothing.
Do you have pencils?
1.
este considerat verb principal cu sensul de a avea artnd c deinem ceva pentru o
perioad scurt de timp sau cu sensul de a primi, a lua.
Eg.: You didnt have to come here for this.
Did you have to behave like this?
2.
Verbul HAVE poate fi folosit cu sensul de a mnca, a se simi bine, sau a lua:
Eg.: I had already eat.
She had the time of my life.
3.
Atunci cnd este folosit ca verb auxiliar, TO HAVE ajut, la fel ca i TO BE, la
formarea timpurilor compuse cum ar fi: prezentul continuu, trecutul continuu, viitorul
continuu, prezentul perfect, mai-mult-ca perfectul etc.
Eg.: She has come often.
John has been reading this book since weve gone.
4.
lung al verbelor noionale, pentru a exprima o obligaie sau o necesitate atunci cnd
nlocuiete timpurile lips ale lui must.
Eg.: He has to participate to lectures.
C. TO DO
Este folosit doar ca verb principal cu sensul de a face i ca verb auxiliar.
Forma afirmativ este: do, do, does, does, does, do, do, do.
Formele interogativ i negativ se construiesc cu ajutorul aceluiai verb.
Eg.: I do this every day.
Do you do this work often?
You didnt do anything wrong.
Verbul TO DO este folosit ca:
1.
i la timpuri trecute.
3.
4.
lui TO BE.
Eg.: Dont do this ever again!
Do they work as much as before?
Did you came here yesterday?
5.
ATENIE!
Aa cum am spus mai sus verbul to do poate fi folosit i cu sensul de a face o
aciune. n acest caz trebuie subliniat diferena de sens ntre acesta i verbul make.
10
considerate ca semi-auxiliare. Acestea sunt: be about to, be bound to, be certain to, have
got to, fail to, tend to, happen to, turn aut to, be going to, be sure to, have to, come to, get
to, appear to, seem to, proved to etc.
EXERCISES (EXERCIII)
1.
Olea Ciuciuc, Eugenia Tnase, Curs de Englez General, Ed. Teora, Bucureti, 1998, pag.14
12
Read the passages and underline the forms of the verb TO BE. (Citii acest
Talk or write about the Scott family using the words below. Supply the right
forms of the verb BE. (Vorbii sau scriei despre familia Scott folosind cuvintele de
mai jos. Completai cu formele verbului BE):
2
Olea Ciuciuc, Eugenia Tnase, Curs de Englez General, Ed. Teora, Bucureti, 1998, pag. 31
13
Ask your partner questions using the words below. Have your partner answer
your questions. (Punei ntrebri colegului folosind cuvintele de mai jos. Colegul
vostru va rspunde la ntrebri):
Write down yours partners answers to the questions above. Use your notes to
describe your partner to the class. (Scriei rspunsul colegului vostru la ntrebrile
de mai sus. Folosii-v de acestea pentru a v descrie colegul celorlali colegi):
Model: This is my partner. His/Her name is.. .
He/She isyears old.
7.
Read this passage, translate it and say which are the forms of the verb BE.
(Citii acest fragment, traducei-l i spunei care sunt formele verbului BE):
15
8.
Make true sentences about yourself. Use the words below and suitable
quiet
generous
idle
shy
punctual
impatient
talkative
polite
nervous
aggressive
self-confident.3
9.
Fill in the blanks with the suitable forms of the verb TO BE. (Completai
Change the long, verbal forms into short ones. (Scriei formele verbale
Georgiana Gleanu-Frnoag, Debora Parks, Exerciii de Gramatic Englez, Timpurile Verbale, Ed. Paralela 45,
Bucureti, 2000, p. 19-27
16
propoziii n ntrebri):
Model: He is a hard-working student.
Is he a hard-working student?
1. They are both famous doctors.
2. The color of my pen is blue.
3. I am always at home after 8 a.m.
4. She is present.
5. You are at the office before 9 a.m.
6. We arent guilty.
12.
Give short answers to the following questions and translate them into
Olea Ciuciuc, Eugenia Tnsescu, Curs de Englez General, Ed. Teora, Bucureti, p. 21-23.
18
UNIT II
FOCUS: PRONUMELE
2. CLASIFICARE
2.1. PRONUMELE PERSONAL
2.2. EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
2.3. EXERCIII
2. CLASIFICARE
Pronumele n limba englez poate fi clasificat n:
2.1. Pronumele personal
2.2. Pronumele posesiv
2.3. Pronumele self
2.4. Pronumele demonstrativ
2.5. Pronumele interogativ
2.6. Pronumele relativ
2.7. Pronumele indefinit
2.1. PRONUMELE PERSONAL
2.2. EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
Ca i n limba romn, pronumele personal arat persoanele care particip la un
dialog (vorbitorul, interlocutorul) sau nlocuiete obiectul despre care se vorbete,
19
20
21
Pronumele personal pentru persoana a-III-a, numrul plural este they. Acesta
are aceeai form pentru feminin i masculin i nelesul lui poate fi dedus numai
din context.
a. Formele de singular ale pronumelui personal sunt: I, You, He, She, It.
b. Formele de plural ale pronumelui personal sunt: We, You, They.
ATENIE:
Pronumele personal you aceeai form pentru singular i plural. n limba englez
nu exist forme anume pentru pronumele de politee aa c aceasta form este folosit n
acest scop. You se traduce prin dumneavoastr, dumneata, tu sau voi.
EXERCIII:
1.
Translate the following sentences into Romanian and say which personal
6. The essence of life is just the same for both plants and animals. It is something
we cannot detect though we know about the existence of vital acids and their
activity.
2.
Translate into Romanian the following sentences, in which the pronoun it was
used to indicate the time, the weather, the distance or is used as an impersonal
expression. (Traducei, n limba romn, urmtoarele propoziii n care pronumele
personal it este folosit pentru a indica timpul, vremea, distana ori este folosit ca i
construcie impersonal):
1. What time is it? Its five past two.
2. Its a fine weather today.
3. Its rather worm at the seaside.
4. It is raining in the mountains.
5. It is freezing hard at the North Pole.
6. It is five miles to the next port.
7. It is possible to us to improve our English.
8. It is necessary for them to know it perfectly well if they what to get that job.
9. It seems the temperature of the Globe is increasing.
10.It appears the Sun will get its usual explosions very soon.5
Mariana ranu, Limba Englez, Sintez Gramatical complet prin enunuri i exerciii, Ed. Corint, Bucureti, 2002, p.
88-91.
25
UNIT III
FOCUS: ARTICOLUL
1. TEXT CU ARTICOLUL
2: EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
2.1 CLASIFICARE:
2.1.1 ARTICOLUL HOTRT
2.1.2 ARTICOLUL NEHOTRT
2.1.3 ARTICOLUL ZERO
3: EXERCIII
1. TEXT CU ARTICOLUL
Program
Early
To get up
To turn on
Teams
Entertainment
To provide
News
Piece of news
Bathroom
Cold
Shower
Morning
Opportunity
To practice
Tunes
To rub
Face
Neck
Towel
Blood
To run
To feel
Anything
s.
adv.
v.
v.
s.
s.
v.
s.
s.
s.
adv.
s.
s.
s.
v.
s.
v.
s.
s.
s.
s.
v.
v.
pr.
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Program
Devreme
A se scula
A porni
Echipe
Divertisment
A furniza
tiri
tire
Baie
Rece
Du
Diminea
ans
A practica
Acorduri muzicale
A freca
Fa
Gt
Prosop
Snge
A alerga
A simi
Orice
26
Can
To occur
During
To practice
Neighborhood
Soon
Breakfast
Unfortunately
Heavy
Ride
Riser
To wake up
Downtown
To miss
Newspaper
Anyway
Drive
v.
v.
prep.
v.
s.
adv.
s.
adv.
adv.
s.
v.
s.
v.
s.
v.
s.
adv.
s.
v.
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
A putea
A se ntmpla
n timp ce
A practica
Vecintate
Curnd
Mic dejun
Din nefericire
Greu; aglomerat
Plimbare
A clri
Matinal
A se trezi
Centru
A rata
Ziar
Oricum
Impuls
A conduce
PHRASES
To keep fit = a fi n form
To have a breakfast = a servi micul dejun
Out of habit = din obinuin
To take a ride = a face o plimbare
TEXT:
Read and translate this text in Romanian. (Citii i traducei acest text n
Romn):
MY DAILY PROGRAM:
27
My program starts very early every day. The first thing I do is get up and turn on
the radio. I like listening to the Radio Total in the morning because they have young
teams for entertainment and provide the latest news in an optimistic way.
Next, I go into the bathroom and if it is not very cold, I have a shower to start my
energetic morning and to have the opportunity of practicing some of the modern tunes
from the radio. If it is a cold morning, I just rub my face and my neck with a special
towel to make my blood run faster and soon I feel ready for anything can occur during
that day.
My favorite activity in the morning is to practice jogging in my neighborhood.
I often meet my friends and talk about this and that while running. A cold shower comes
next and soon I have breakfast. Like all the people who want to keep fit, I usually, have a
heavy breakfast. It gives you the energy you need for a busy day.
If I do not have enough time for jogging, I go to the office by bike. Unfortunately,
the traffic is too busy for a morning ride.
I am an early riser so I usually wake up at 6 oclock. I go to my office at 8 a.m. and
go back at home at 4.30 p.m. I work 8 hours a day, which mean 40 hours a week.
Sometimes in the afternoon, I go downtown to see a film or a play. I watch TV
every evening and I never miss talk shows. I buy a newspaper every day, out of habit, but
I do not have enough time to read it. Anyway, I read the daily horoscope, which gives me
the drive for the everyday activities, of course, if it is optimistic. If not, I simply do not
believe it!6
2.
EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
2.1 CLASIFICARE:
Articolul constituie un mijloc de individualizare a obiectelor i fenomenelor. El nu
Olea Ciuciuc, Eugenia Tnsescu, Curs de Englez General, Ed. Teora, Bucureti, p. 38.
28
the se pronun []
29
Eg.: the honor; the heir; the hour; the honest man.
Articolul hotrt identific un membru anume al unei clase i este folosit n mai
multe situaii:
1. Articolul hotrt este folosit cu substantive al cror neles este dedus din
context.
Eg.: the door, the window, the table, the wind, the sky, the ground, the town hall, the
police station, the hospital, the radio, the press, the telephone, the sun, the moon, the
stars.
Close the window, will you?
The wind blows so hard tonight.
Can you tell me who is on the phone?
The telephone is a marvelous invention.
Tonight, the moon will be full.
2. Articolul hotrt apare naintea unor substantive care sunt reprezentante ale
unei categorii de obiecte, fiine sau animale:
Eg.: The hall was occupied at its full capacity.
3. Articolul hotrt nsoete i substantive care apar n menionri anterioare:
Eg.: I saw this house last month. The house was still in construction yesterday.
30
31
Eg.:
I want to buy a magazine.
An nsoete cuvintele care ncep cu un sunet vocalic sau h mut.
Eg.: an arhitect, an orange, an hour etc.
For this project I must see an arhitect.
Articolul nehotrt ndeplinete urmtoarele funcii:
1. Este folosit pentru a introduce o noiune, un obiect sau o persoan care este
necunoscut asculttorului.
Eg.: It was an interesting novel, the one I read last week.
A man came and introduced himself to us.
2. Articolul nehotrt mai este folosit atunci cnd cel sau cea despre care se
vorbete este reprezentantul unei clase i nu este definit concret prin
comunicare:
Eg.: I saw a cat yesterday on the roof.
3. Articolul a sau an poate nlocui ca valoare numeralul one. n aceast situaie
el se folosete cu substantive numrabile la singular de obicei n serii
numerice:
Eg.: She has a dog, three cats and a bird.
32
34
3.
EXERCIII
1.
What is the right form of the indefinite article for the following nouns? (Care
Read the following nouns and insert the corresponding indefinite and definite
Olea Ciuciuc, Eugenia Tnsescu, Curs de Englez General, Ed. Teora, Bucureti, p. 21
35
study
in.Athens
is
one
of.
most
desirable
things
for..archaeologists.
8. He hasnt got punishment I think he deserves.
9. ..car like that seems to be very cheap.
10. He isright man for this job.
11. My husband is..difficult man.
12. They want to become.pilots.
4.
Choose a job from the right column for each of the following people. (Alegei
din coloana din dreapta o slujba corespunztoare fiecrei persoane de mai jos):
E.g.: Mr. Thomson is a businessman.
Mr. Thomson
Mrs. Johnson
Mr. White
Mr. Blackwell
Sir James
Mrs. Anderson
Lady Ann
Mr. Lloys
Mrs. McCavin
Ms. Danvers
5.
Accountant
Electric fitter
Mnufacturer
Businessman
Assistant
Dean
Writer
Banker
Porter
Inventor
propoziii la plural):
E.g.: I am a teacher.
We are teachers.
1. She is an economist.
36
propoziii la singular):
1. We are students.
2. The men are businessmen and the women are businesswomen.
3. The Browns are doctors.
4. Are you mechanics or drivers?
5. The Steinbecks arent politicians.
6. All my friends are officeworkers.
7. Loan officers are people who lend money.
8. Are your parents university lecturers?
9. They arent foreigners, they are strangers.
7.
Insert
the
right
article.
(Completai
spaiile
libere
cu
articolele
corespunztoare):
I havecar. It is .beauty. I like all.big cars but my car is.little one. Some
people likespead; this is.cause of many accidents that occur nowadays.
37
..question is: what is to be done in order top revent them? .legislators are
people who can answer this question. 8
8.
Use the definite article the before the following geographical names. (Folosii
9.
Say if the following sentences are true or false. (Spunei dac urmtoarele
Olea Ciuciuc, Eugenia Tnsescu, Curs de Englez General, Ed. Teora, Bucureti, p. 40-42
38
10.
Translate the English using the definite article the. (Traducei n limba englez
11.
Translate into Romanian using the definite article the. (Traducei n limba
39
12.
Use the definite article the, to show a species or a category. (Folosii articolul
13. Translate and then read the following dates using the article the. (Citii i
traducei urmtoarele date, folosind articolul hotrt the).
4 februarie, 20 martie, 5 aprilie, 12 iulie, 9 septembrie, 18 noiembrie.
14.
Use the definite article the before the numerals to complete the sentences.
libere):
1. the first meridian of the world can be seen at Greenwich: it is just a steel
rail in the yard of the Observatory.
2. World War One (.the first World War) and World War Two (second World
War) meant awful periods in the history of the mankind.
3. Elisabeth I (..first) was an important queen of England. She was the daughter of
Henry VIII. (.eight)
40
15.
Complete the following sentences with your own ideas, observing that they
include groups of words in which was used the definite article. (Completai cu
propriile idei cele ce urmeaz, observnd c includ grupuri de cuvinte n care s-a
folosit articolul hotrt):
the day after tomorrow; ..the day after yesterday; ..all the year round;
..the right time; ..the time being; pass the time; ..the street;.the
bottom of the lake.
ARTICOLUL NEHOTRT
16.
17.
41
18.
Fill in the blanks with the indefinite article. (Completai spaiile libere cu
articolul nehotrt):
1. The pupils welcomed ..Englishmen in their school.
2. He was accompanied by .Scotsman.
3. Frenchwoman has brought toys, sweets and cloths for the orphan pupils of a
school in Trgovite.
4. We met. Swede at an international congress.
5. Spaniard told us about his fascinating country.
6. .Greek has come to Constana transporting some goods from Egypt.
7. .Pole has invited us to see Poland.
19.
Fill in the following sentences with names of professions using the indefinite
20.
Use the indefinite article instead of the numeral one in the following sentences.
42
1. I have bought one doll and two teddy bears for my little nice.
2. My friend has bought one magazine for herself and three newspapers for her
family.
3. Fetch one knife and four carrots, please.
4. The painter has used several brushes for his oil color and one big palette.
21.
Say which from the following sentences express truths and underline the
22.
23.
44
UNIT IV
FOCUS: ADJECTIVUL
1. TEXT CU ADJECTIVUL
2. EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
2.1. CLASIFICAREA ADJECTIVELOR
2.2. ORDINEA ADJECTIVELOR
2.3. ADJECTIVE I ADVERBE
2.4. COMPARAIA ADJECTIVELOR
3. EXERCIII
adv.
s.
s.
adj.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
v.
v.
adj.
s.
adj.
adj.
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
n strintate
Adjectiv
Aeroplan
Atent
Grij
1. Comunitate
2. Colectiv
Comparaie
Contribuie
Dezvoltare
Motor
1. A crete
2. A dezvolta
Sntos
Spital
1. Bucuros
2. Vesel
45
Life
Medical
Motor
Musician
To owe, -ed
Patient
Philosopher
Plant
Power-station
Press-reporter
Profession
Research-work
Satisfaction
Science
Sculptor
To send sent sent
Visit
s.
adj.
s.
s.
v.
v.
s.
adj.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
s.
v.
s.
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Via
Medical
Motor
Muzician
A datora
A deine
1. Pacient
2. Rbdtor
Filozof
Uzin
Central electric
Reporter
Profesie
Munc de cercetare
Satisfacie
tiin
Sculptor
A trimite
Vizit
PHRASES:
To pay somebody a visit a face cuiva o vizit
To give somebody (medical) care a acorda cuiva ngrijire (medical)
Anything else orice altceva
To grow older a mbtrni
Hes perfectly right are perfect dreptate
TEXT:
Read and translate this text in Romanian. (Citii i traducei acest text n
Romn):
Maria: Good-afternoon, everybody.
Adrian: Good-afternoon, Maria. You look very happy today.
46
Maria: Well, yes, I am. One of my patients paid me a visit today to thank me for the
care I gave him when he was in my hospital. He looked so healthy and strong again and
so joyful that it really made me happy.
Liza: You have a nice job, Maria. I think it is much nicer to be a doctor than everything
else.
Maria: Of course, I love my job very much, but I think it is also interesting to be an
engineer and build factories and bridges and power stations or big ships and airplanes.
Alexandra: When I was younger I thought that the most beautiful thing was to be a
cinema or theatre star. But, I cant say that I dont love my job, now. I write letters in
French, I type texts in Russian. Now, I am learning English. And I find it is very
satisfying to be able to read books in foreign languages.
George: I think the most interesting thing is to be a journalist, especially if you are sent
abroad as a press reporter.You can then learn everything about the whole world.
Victor: The nicest thing, I think, is to be a teacher. When you grow older you see
thousands of people around you who were taught by you and who owe something to
you.
Eva: As a teacher, I love my profession but I think theres nothing which brings more
satisfaction in life than research work, which means your contribution to the development
of science.10
2. EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
2.1. CLASIFICAREA ADJECTIVELOR
Adjectivul din limba englez se clasific n:
10
Virgiliu tefnescu-Drgneti, Adrian Nicolaescu, Victor Hanea, Limba Englez Curs Practic, Ed. tiinific, Bucureti,
pag. 270-271
47
48
ORDINEA ADJECTIVELOR
n general, n propoziia englez, adjectivul care nsoete un substantiv st
Eg.: In that room were five, beautiful, tall, young, international models.
Un alt lucru care trebuie reinut este urmtorul: n limba englez locul adjectivelor
n propoziie poate depinde i de forma adjectivelor. Mai precis, adjectivele scurte sunt
aezate naintea adjectivelor lungi.
Eg.: The book had an abrupt, unexpected ending.
49
ATENIE!
Exist i cteva excepii de la regula general n ceea ce privete locul adjectivelor
n propoziie. De exemplu:
- adjectivele care intr n alctuirea unor nume proprii pot s stea dup
substantiv.
Eg.: attorney general, court martial, by all means possible etc.
- cnd aceste adjective intr n alctuirea numelor proprii:
Eg.: Alfred the Great, William the Conqueror
-
GRADUL POZITIV
Arat forma obinuit a unui adjectiv aa cum se gsete ntr-un dicionar.
Eg.: nice, short, clever, exciting, beautiful etc.
2.
GRADUL COMPARATIV
Compar calitile sau defectele a dou sau mai multe adjective la diverse grade. n
Comparaia lung
A. Comparaia scurt se aplic n cazul adjectivelor care au maxim patru silabe n
timp ce comparaia lung se folosete n cazul adjectivelor care au mai mult de patru
silabe.
Comparaia scurt adaug terminaia er pentru gradul comparativ i the i est
pentru gradul superlativ.
Eg.: small smaller the smallest = mic
big bigger the biggest = mare
short shorter the shortest = scurt, scund
52
ATENIE!
1.
consoana respectiv:
Eg.: big bigger the biggest
fat fatter the fattest
2.
3.
4.
Exist unele adjective care au fie numai comparaie scurt sau numai comparaie
lung. Adjective ca: fit, huge, calm, just, keen, kind, plain rare, stiff, vague etc. se
compar n mod scurt n timp ce adjectivele de genul active, civil, common, hostile,
constant, prudent, pleasant or sudden prefer comparaia lung. Tot n aceast ultim
categorie se ncadreaz i adjective de tipul: carefull i different.
B. Comparaia lung are urmtoarele subdiviziuni:
Comparativul de inferioritate
53
Adjectivele formate din dou sau mai multe silabe sunt precedate de the most.
Eg.: the most frightening
the most beautiful
the most important
Adjectivele compuse formeaz gradele de comparaie astfel:
Cnd primul element este un adjectiv care i pstreaz sensul acesta se schimb la
comparativ i superlativ:
Eg.: well-known better-known the best-known
ill-paid worse-paid the worst-paid
Cnd cele dou elemente formeaz un tot din punct de vedere al sensului,
comparaia se realizeaz cu more i the most.
Exist n limba englez o categorie special de adjective care nu formeaz gradele de
comparaie ca restul adjectivelor. Acest tip de comparaie poart numele de comparaie
neregulat a adjectivelor. Acestea sunt:
good better the best = bun
bad worse the worst = ru
ill worse the worst = bolnav
much more the most = mult
many - more the most = muli, multe
far further the furthest = departe (n spaiu i timp)
old older the oldest = btrn, n vrst (folosit pentru fiine i lucruri)
55
old elder the eldest = btrn (folosit pentru fiine, n contexte ce sugereaz gradul
de rudenie)
3. EXERCIII (EXERCISES):
1.
Put the adjectives in brackets in the correct order. (Punei adjectivele din
Mihai M. Zdrenghea, Anca L. Greere, A Practical English Gramar with exercises, Ed. Clusium, 1999, Cluj-Napoca, pag.
91
57
Using the expression as..as to indicate the quality, translate into English
Mihai M. Zdrenghea, Anca L. Greere, A Practical English Gramar with exercises, Ed. Clusium, 1999, Cluj-Napoca, pag.
102
58
5.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
59
Put the following words in the necessary order. (Punei cuvinte urmtoare n
ordine):
1. More than beautiful Our and garden than is their larger garden.
2. That more interesting meci than was the shorter other one but.
3. And more lasting That pair of shoes than her sisters she bought was cheaper.
4. The T-shirts thinner worn by than were their teams and our more expensive.
9.
60
Read the following text and notice the use of the comparative of equality.
Mariana ranu, Limba Englez, Sintez Gramatical complet prin enunuri i exerciii, Ed. Corint, Bucureti, 2002, p.
59-64.
61
Give the superlative to the following adjectives. (Spunei care este superlativul
urmtoarelor adjective):
Amazing; old; near; little; high; quick; captivating; obsolete; good; fast.
14.
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms (comparative or superlative) of the
adjective in brackets:
15.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
adjective in brackets:
62
14
Olea Ciuciuc, Eugenia Tnsescu, Curs de Englez General, Ed. Teora, Bucureti, p.131-132.
63
UNIT V
FOCUS: ADVERBUL
1: TEXT CU ADVERBUL
2: EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
2.1. TIPURI DE ADVERBE
2.2. FORMA ADVERBELOR
2.3. COMPARATIA ADVERBELOR
3: EXERCIII
1.
Tram
To stand
Noise
s.
v.
s.
= Tramvai
Crossing
= A sta in picioare To carry
= Zgomot
To move on
64
s.
v.
v.
= Intersectie
= A transporta
= A se deplasa
Suddenly
To cross
Wheel
To go off
adv.
v.
s.
v.
=
=
=
=
Brusc
A traversa
Roata
A deraia
Rails
Useful
To remember
PHRASES:
To fell behind = a rmne n urm
For a long time = pentru mult timp
To go back = a se ntoarce
At that time = n acest timp
TEXT:
Read and translate this text in Romanian. Identify the adverbs in the
following text. (Citii i traducei acest text n romn. Identificai adverbele n
textul de mai jos):
I am more useful than you it said to the car. You can carry five people and I can
carry more than one hundred. I am more useful than you.
It depends on when and where, said the bycicle again.
Then the trolley-bus spoke.
I think I am more useful, said the trolley-bus to the tram. You make so much
noise! I am better than you.
It depends on when and where, said the bycicle for the third time.
At that time they saw a green light. They began to move. They wanted to see which
of them was the quickest. Soon the bycicle fell behind. The other three moved on, but as
the tram and the trolley-bus had to stop, they fell behind the car too.
Then suddenly the tram went of the trails and had to stop.
And the trolley-bus said to the train, I hink you will stay here for a long time. I do
not need any rails. Good-bye! And it ran on. But soon it came to its last stop and had to
go back.
At that time the car was moving very quickly. It came to a place were there was a
bridge across a river. But some men were repairing the bridge and the car had to look for
a place to cross the river. When it came to a village on the other side of the river, it saw
the the bycicle there.
How did you cross the river? asked the car.
The men who were repairing the bridge left a little place for me to cross the river.
And so here I am. Do you remember what I said? It depends upon when and where.15
2.
EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
Ca i n limba romn, adverbul din limba englez este partea de vorbire care
determin, n principal, un verb i care arat caracteristicile unei aciuni, mai precis locul,
timpul sau modul n care se desfoara aciunea.
15
Monica Milcoveanu, Engleza Rapida, Ed. Steaua Nordului, Bucuresti, 2008, pag. 157-158
66
Exist totui i cazuri n care adverbele modific sensul adjectivelor, altor adverbe,
substantivelor sau chiar a unor propoziii:
Eg.: He acted bravely.
Nicely done you two!
This song is very nice.
2.1. TIPURI DE ADVERBE
Adverbul din limba englez are urmtoarele tipuri:
2.1.1 Adverbul de mod
2.1.2 Adverbe de loc
2.1.3 Adverbe de timp
2.1.4 Adverbe de frecven
2.1.5 Adverbe de opinie
2.1.6 Adverbe interogative
2.1.1 ADVERBUL DE MOD
Este unul dintre cele mai cunoscute i mai des folosite adverbe datorit terminaiei
ly. Aceast terminaie a devenit de altfel marca adverbului din limba englez.
Adverbul de mod aa cum i arat i denumirea arat modul n care se desfoar o
aciune i rspunde la ntrebarea: how?
Eg.: He solved the problem fast and cleany.
The night came and the stars shine brightly.
67
68
Adverbe de loc care arat locaia: abroad, ahead, anywhere, around, ashore,
away, downstairs, upstairs, everywhere, here, there, inland, midway, nearly, nowhere etc.
Eg.: He travels abroad each year.
Ahead is the building we are looking for.
She went upstairs.
They are everywhere.
He was here a minute ago.
Adverbe de loc care arat destinaia: ashore, home, inside, near, next door,
outside etc.
Eg.: He came home a minute ago.
It is near.
She lives next door.
Adverbe de loc care arat direcia: ahead, along, back, backwards, forward, left,
clockwise, east, north, south, west etc.
Eg.: The house is strait ahead.
You must go forward.
ATENIE!
Exist de asemenea, o categorie de prepoziii care pot fi folosite ca i adverbe:
above, behind, below, beside, between, opposite, here and there, in front of, next to, under
etc.
69
70
Exist n limba englez un adverb de timp des folosit i anume ago. Acest adverb
are form de trecut dar el indic ntotdeauna o aciune prezent i mai mult trebuie nsoit
de repere temporare.
Eg: He received a disturbing letter 4 months ago.
Dac vrem subliniem faptul c aciunea a avut loc n trecut, ago trebuie nlocuit
cu before.
Eg.: The children met before lunch.
Alte adverbe de timp des folosite n limba englez sunt: all day long, any more,
no longer, briefly, forever, over night. Exist i expresii adverbiale de tipul: after, before,
during, for, from....to...., in, since, until etc.
Eg.: He worked all day long.
The flowers flourish over night.
They continue to wolk from dask till down.
n limba englez adverbul for indic n general lungimea de timp a unei aciuni.
Dar exist i situaiile n care vrem s subliniem ntr-un mod oarecum exagerat c aceast
aciune a durat prea mult.
Eg.: I waited you for ages!
Your studies lasted four years!
Dac aciunea nu este definit clar din punct de vedere temporar se folosesc
adverbe ca: about, almost, around, more than, nearly etc.
71
72
c.
74
2.2.
FORMA ADVERBULUI
Din punct de vedere al formei adverbele din limba englez pot fi:
a. Cuvinte simple sau compuse: here, soon, then, when, how, abroad, anywhere,
somewhere, well etc.
Eg.: We will stop here for the moment.
The pakage will arrive soon.
How will you solve this problem?
This couple often travels abroad.
Put it anywere.
b. Locuiuni adverbiale: in the morning, at dawn, in the distance
Eg.: I see the house in the distance.
In the morning, everything is bright.
c. Sufixul ly adaugat la un adjectiv: badly, briefly, sudenly, loudly, beautifully,
usually, slowly etc.
Eg.: He moved the box slowly.
She felt badly about what happened.
He informed briefly his superior.
Her performance was beautifully.
Adugarea acestui sufix la adjectiv implic anumite modificri cum ar fi:
75
79
ADVERBUL: FLUENTLY
Gradul pozitiv: He speaks fluently severeal foreign languages.
Gradul compartiv de superioritate: This candidate speaks more fluently
than others.
de egalitate: English is spoken as fluently as French today.
de inferioritate: Her brother speaks less fluently than
his sister.
Gradul superlativ: For an outsider you speak German very well.
3. EXERCIII
1.
ca adverbe sau ca adjective. (Fill in the blanks with the following words. State when
they are used as adverbs or adjectives): monthly, last, better, wide, sudden, best,
lively, lovely
1. Im a ......player than you are.
2. I pay my rent....
3. Open that window.......
4. My name is .....on the list.
5. He made a .....move and got up.
6. Do your......to try and help him.
7. They performed in a .......manner.
8. She is a .........teacher, all children take her.
2.
80
following adjectives):
Abrupt, aimless; anxious; attentive; bitter; brave; cautious; confortable; coward; early;
efficient; equal; fast; fatal; frearless; friendly; glad; good; hard; hopeful; humble;
immediate; kind; late; lively; lovely; loyal; long; lucky, mental; merry, motherly; near;
noble; noisy; patient; poor; proud; right; scornful; sensible; silly; simple; skilful; steady;
straight; sudden; suitable; sweet; terrible; truthful; wrong.
16
Mihai M. Zdrenghea, Anca L. Greere, A Practical English Grammar with exercises, Ed. Clusium, Cluj, 1999, pag. 470-471
81
4.
response, as shown):
Model: Peter is a slow worker.
Yes, he works slowly.
1. George is a bad actor.
2. Alice is a fast swimmer.
3. Mary is a fluent speaker.
82
Write these sentences again. Put the words in brackets in the right place.
(Citii propoziiile din nou. Punei cuvintele din parantez la locul potrivit.):
1. She answers to my letters. (rarely)
2. The shops close on Saturday afternoon. (always)
3. We work after 6 oclock. (never)
4. We spend our holidays abroad. (sometimes)
5. Do you buy gramaphone records? (ever)
7.
Supply the correct forms of the adverbs in brackets. (Spunei care sunt
84
17
Monica Visan, Metoda rapida de invatare a gramaticii limbii engleze, Ed. Viitorul Romanesc, Bucuresti, pag. 115-116
85
UNIT VI
PART I
FOCUS: 1.3. VERBELE MODALE
1.3.1: TEXTE CU VERBELE MODALE
1.3.2: EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
1.3.2.1 INTRODUCERE
1.3.2.2 CAN, MUST, MAY
1.3.2.3 ALTE VERBE MODALE
1.3.3: EXERCIII
1.3.1
Along
Among
Another
adv.
prep.
adj.
To ask for
Aunt
Auntie
Behind
nehot
v.
s.
s.
prep.
=
=
=
=
v.
ndrtul
= A putea,
Can
= nainte
= Printre
= (un) alt;
(o) alt
A cere
Mtu
Mtuic
n spatele,
Complete
Dictation
Difficulty
= Complet
= Dictare
= Dificultate,
greutate
A simi
Domn
Interesant
Glum
To feel
Gentleman
Interesting
Joke
v.
s.
adj.
s.
=
=
=
=
Lady
s.
= Doamn
s.
s.
= A lsa
= Doamn
s.
(numai la V.)
= Expresie
To change v.
To come v.
a fi n stare de
= A (se) schimba To leave
= A merge
Madam
along
May
mpreun
= 1. a putea
v.
adj.
s.
s.
Phrase
a avea voie
86
To mean
v.
2. a fi posibil
= 1. A avea
Polite
adj.
= Politicos
v.
2. A nsemna
= A da atenie la; To strike
v.
= A bate
pron.
a-i psa de
= Al meu, a mea, Time
s.
= Timp
neles de
To mind
Mine
pos.
Must
Nephew
ai mei,
v.
ale mele
= A trebui;
Tomorrow
adv.
= Mine
s.
a fi necesar
= Nepot
To want
v.
= A vrea
adj.
mtu)
= Urmtor;
Without
prep
= Fr
s.
urmtoare
= Nefumtor
The other
adj.
(de unchi /
Next
Nonsmoker
Permission s.
Cellalt, cealalt,
PHRASES:
You mean vrei s spui (c)
Ladies and gentlemen doamnelor i domnilor
In that case n acest caz
I dont mind nu-mi pas; nu m deranjeaz
I say, Victor ascult Victor
To be interested in a se interesa de
From time to time din cnd n cnd
87
88
VICTOR: May I come along with her? You know I am very much interested in English
books.
MARIA: Certainly you may. Its a pleasure.
EVA: Now, friends, I think we must have a dictation today. You cannot only speak here.
From time to time you must also write. All of you may not like it but we must do this too.
Our teacher wants us to do it.
ADRIAN: Cant we leave it for the next time? I feel I cant dictation today.
LIZA: You mustnt say that Adrian. I am sure you can do a very good dictation, as usual.
You may be a little tired today because we know you work very hard, but we are sure you
can do it all right.
EVA: All right then. Let us begin. Dictation.
(Everybody begins to write.)18
1.3.2. EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
1.3.2.1 INTRODUCERE
Verbele modale, constituie un capitol extrem de important n gramatica limbii
engleze contemporane. Ele exprim modalitatea, adic atitudinea vorbitorului fa de
coninutul propoziiei respective care poate s fie necesar, probabil, posibil, de dorit,
obligatoriu etc.
Cele 9 verbele modale n limba englez sunt urmtoarele:
CAN / COULD = a putea, a fi n stare de, a fi capabil s.
MAY / MIGHT = a putea, a permite, a da voie, a-i fi permis s, a fi posibil
MUST = a trebui, a fi obligat s
18
Virgiliu tefnescu-Drgneti, Adrian Nicolaescu, Victor Hanea, Limba Englez Curs Practic, Ed. tiinific, Bucureti,
pag. 142-143
89
ATENIE!
n limba romn pot exista mai multe negaii n aceeai propoziie, n schimb, n
limba englez, nu se poate folosi dect o singur negaie n propoziie: I tell you
nothing, They cant say anything.
Ex.: You must not say a word.
You may not like it.
5.
verbele modale sunt defective. Acest lucru presupune lipsa anumitor forme
91
ATENIE!
Formele could, might, would, should sugereaz o atitudine mai reinut din partea
vorbitorului, o form politicoas de a exprima ceva, fiindc sunt mai puin directe n
propoziiile interogative i atunci cnd adresm invitaii.
Ex.: Would you please send us a fax with your offer?
Could you call on me this afternoon, please?
Might I use your phone?
1.3.2.2 CAN, MUST, MAY
A.
CAN COULD:
Acest verb modal este unul dintre cele mai des folosite n limba englez i se
92
93
perceive, see, smell, taste and touch sau mintal: believe, forget, imagine, recall,
remember, think etc.
Ex.: Tom can speak French.
I can lift the heavy box.
I can feel the cold.
I can only imagine her joy.
Can mai poate fi folosit i cu verbe de tipul guess, tell, see sau know
Ex.: I can guess the right answer.
I can tell she was very mad.
sau de verbele get, become sau seem folosite mai ales n avertismente.
Ex.: Things can get worse here.
John cannot seem to understand anything.
Can/could pot fi folosite cu stri emoionale ca: nencredere, mirare,
nedumerire sau surpriz:
Ex.: It cannot be true!
How could you say such things?
Aa cum am mai spus forma can este folosit numai la timpul Prezent. Atunci cand
aciunea a avut loc n trecut sau va avea loc n viitor aceasta form nu mai poate fi
folosit deoarece nu arat aceste transformri. n aceast situaie, can trebuie nlocuit cu o
construcie care s reflecte acest lucru.
94
Dac aciunea a avut loc n trecut exist dou moduri de a exprima acest lucru:
Aciunea a avut loc ntr-un trecut foarte aproape de momentul vorbirii. n
acest caz, este folosit forma COULD.
Ex.: Tom could go to a party last week.
Aciunea a avut loc ntr-un trecut mai ndeprtat. Prin urmare, se folosete
echivalentul modal al lui can to be able to. Trebuie reinut faptul c folosirea acestui
echivalent modal este determinat de existena unor intervale de timp concrete cum ar fi:
yesterday, for an hour, at 8 oclock etc.
Ex.: I can skate now. I was able to skate yesterday.
We were able to skate for an hour.
I could skate when I was a child.
Dac aciunea va avea loc n viitor can va fi nlocuit cu will able to.
Eg.: Kate will be able to win this competition next year.
- verbul CAN este adeseori folosit n locul verbului MAY, n vorbirea familiar, pentru a
exprima cerea, refuzul sau acordarea permisiunii sau pentru idea de a-i fi permis ceva
cuiva.
Eg.: Can I open the window? / May I open the window?
Can I take it? / May I take it?
He cannot accompany you.
You can go and give her the gift.
95
- exprim o posibilitate, mai precis realizarea unei aciuni care depinde de anumite
nprejurri concrete.
Eg.: I can do what you say.
It is so ugly outside. We cannot leave the party.
- exprim o cerere, rugminte politicoas:
Eg.: Can you wait a few minutes?
- forma could + infinitivul perfect este folosit pentru a exprima capacitatea
nerealizat de efectuare a unei aciuni n trecut:
Eg.: She could have helped me.
(But she didnt)
2.
COULD este forma de trecut a lui can i are aceeai form pentru toate persoanele
la Indicativ i Condiional. Cnd este urmat de Infinitivul simplu se traduce prin: putea,
tia, era n stare de.
Eg.: He could do that last week.
- forma negativ este COULDNT.
- ntrebuinat la prezent COULD sugereaz o atitudine mai reinut din partea
vorbitorului iar n propoziiile interogative sau atunci cnd adresm invitaii reprezint o
forma politicoas.
96
- Aa cum am mai spus att could ct i to be able to sunt forme de trecut. Trebuie s
subliniem cnd folosim could i cnd folosim to be able to.
COULD arat o aciune obinuit n trecut n timp ce to be able to arat ceva
concret, ceva ce am reuit s facem.
Eg.: His brother could learn everything very fast.
She was able to earn to skate last year.
- Formulele CAN i COULD sunt mai uzuale n vorbire n timp ce BE ABLE TO sun
formal.
I can guess what you want to say.
I can tell from this moment that the plan will not work.
1.3.3 EXERCIII
1.
WILL BE ABLE TO (Viitor). (Put CAN (in the present), COULD (in the past) and
SHALL / WILL BE ABLE TO (in the future) in the following sentences):
1. ..you stand on your heady? Yes, I..when I was at school,
Inow.
2. When I have passed my driving test, I ..hire a car from our local
garage.
3. At the end of the month the Post Office will send him an enormous bill which
he.not pay.
4. I ..remember the address. ..you not even remember the street?
5. When the fog lifts, we. see where we are.
6. Youve put too much in your rucksack; you never ..carry all that.
7. When I was a child I (not) understand adults, and now that I am an adult
I.(not) understand children.
8. Dont try to look at all the pictures in the gallery. Otherwise when you get home you
not.remember any of them.
9. When I first went to France, I .read French, but I .(not) speak it.
98
limba romn. (Fill up the following sentences with CAN or CANT and then
translate them in Romanian):
1. .you read an English book? Yes, I
2. .you read all the English books? No, I.
3. Granny..read without glasses.
4. .Bob lift the box? Yes, he.. No, he
5. If you have money, you.. buy things.
6. If you have only little money, you..buy things.
7. What.you buy if you have no money? You.buy anything.
8. ..you see her face? No, I ..see her face.
9. . you see the clock? Its over the door. What time is it?
10. Everybody..fall ill.
11. John.write because he has ink, paper and pen.
12. ..we send a letter without a stamp on the envelope? No, we..
13. This man..see; hes blind.
14. It was a long time ago; I.remember it now.
15. Blind men.see. They..see anything.
16. Deaf men..hear. They..hear anything.
17. Ido all the exercises as theyre quite easy.
18. Iforget our walking along the river on that wonderful evening.
19. you taste anything particular in the soup? No, I
20. I..smell something burning.
99
4.
n propoziiile care urmeaz, folosii CAN sau CANT mpreun cu unul dintre
aceste verbe: hear, look, read, see, understand, walk. (In the following sentences use
CAN or CANT with one of these verbs: hear, look, read, see, understand, walk):
1. Im afraid my grandfather is deaf. He..what you want.
2. I have to wear glasses. Ivery well.
3. The manager likes books with large print. He.them more easily.
4. David uses a wheelchair. Hevery far.
5. Aunt Betty is quite happy living alone. She..after herself.
6. Its too noisy in here. I.. what you are saying.
7. David is very tired. He.any more.
8. Turn on the light please. Iread.
9. Im sorry but Ihim. He speaks so quickly.
10. My father has marvelous eyes; he.the tiniest details.
5.
Ion Vladoiu, Verbele modale englezesti, ed. AN-DA, Bucuresti, pag. 83-84
100
a.
Must cu aceeai form la toate persoanele, are valoare de Indicativ prezent i viitor
101
Eg.: All the citizens of Romania must comply with the laws as derived from the
ratified Constitution.
Pedestrians must not cross the street when the traffic light is red.
4. Must exprim probabilitatea i este ntrebuinat pentru a exprima concluzii logice,
fiind tradus prin: cred (c), n mod sigur, de bun seam, precis (c), probabil (c)..
Eg.: Your daughter must have a problem.
Mr. Brown must be older than Mrs. Brown.
Mr. Green must be a rich man.
John has got a new job in London. So he must go there every day.
5. Must mai exprim reproul fa de o aciune din prezent, exprimat prin forma
interogativ:
Eg.: Must you always react like this?
6. exprim sfatul, recomandarea:
Eg.: You must do as he says!
7. exprim invitaii cu caracter formal sau oferte n situaia de gazd sau musafir:
Eg.: You must use my typewriter whenever you need to.
You must come and visit us sometime.
102
Must puternic accentuat este folosit n engleza britanic pentru a exprima ceea ce
trebuie neaprat fcut i se regsete sub forma unei recomandri sau a unui sfat ferm
adresat subiectului propoziiei.
Eg.: You must hurry if you want to catch the train.
2.
NEED
Need are un regim mai special n limba englez deoarece este doar un verb semi-
modal. Aceast denumire se refer la faptul c exist dou aspecte ale acestui verb: unul
de verb obinuit to need (a avea nevoie de, a-i fi necesar, a-i trebui) i unul modal,
des ntlnit n engleza britanic, folosit numai n propoziiile negative i interogative.
Eg.: People usually need the company of other people.
Do you need anything before I leave?
ATENIE!
- Forma negativ, neednt poate fi urmat doar de un verb la infinitiv: NEEDNT DO. Ea
exprim absena necesitii i reflect doar opinia vorbitorului.
Eg.: You need not go to the shops; there is enough food.
- forma DONT NEED TO folosit n engleza american, exprim absena necesitii
mai precis nici persoanele nici evenimentele nu fac obligatorie efectuarea unei aciuni.
- NEED este folosit pentru a exprima absena necesitii efecturii unei aciuni mai ales
la forma negativ i se traduce prin nu e nevoie, nu e cazul:
103
1.3.3 EXRCIII
1.
in these sentences):
1. You..work hard if you want to learn good English.
2. Youcross the road without looking left or right. Its dangerous.
3. The exam is next month. I..learn harder.
4. You. forget your umbrella. Its going to rain.
5. Westay here any longer. We.go to the station now, or well miss
our train.
6. Iphone Susan tonight. I havent spoken to her for a long time.
104
cuvintelor din parantez. (Complete these sentences using the correct form of HAVE
TO and the words in brackets):
1. I (leave) now. Ive got an appointment at the dentists.
2. You (study) the literature when you were at school?
3. You (not/come) with me now if you dont want to.
4. I (not/work) hard because the job was very easy.
5. I (do) this work now, or can I do it tomorrow?
6. I (run) to school because I was late.
7. I (go) to an important meeting yesterday.
8. You (show) your passport when reached the border?
9. I (pay) in cash next week, or can I give you a card?
10. I want to be an airline pilot. What qualifications you (have) to be a pilot?
11. You (not/decide) today. You can tell me tomorrow.
12. I arrived late yesterday because I (wait) a long time for the bus.
13. We (work) on Saturday mornings. Thats our job.
14. Tim (do) some washing-up today; its his turn to help the kitchen.
15. Im not content with my present results. I (work) harder from now on.
3.
sentences negative):
105
have to? i dai rspunsuri scurte cu Da sau Nu. (Turn them into interrogative
using Do/Does have to? And give short answers with Yes or No)
5.
folosind forma neednt. (Make negative sentences from exercise 3 using need not). 20
UNIT VI (CONTINUARE)
PART II
FOCUS: 1.3. VERBELE MODALE
20
Ion Vladoiu, Verbele modale englezesti, ed. AN-DA, Bucuresti, pag. 152-158
106
adv.
prep.
adj.
To ask for
Aunt
Auntie
Behind
nehot
v.
s.
s.
prep.
=
=
=
=
v.
ndrtul
= A putea,
Can
= nainte
= Printre
= (un) alt;
(o) alt
A cere
Mtu
Mtuic
n spatele,
Complete
Dictation
Difficulty
adj.
s.
s.
= Complet
= Dictare
= Dificultate,
greutate
A simi
Domn
Interesant
Glum
To feel
Gentleman
Interesting
Joke
v.
s.
adj.
s.
=
=
=
=
Lady
s.
= Doamn
s.
s.
= A lsa
= Doamn
Phrase
s.
(numai la V.)
= Expresie
Polite
adj.
= Politicos
v.
2. A nsemna
= A da atenie la; To strike
v.
= A bate
pron.
a-i psa de
= Al meu, a mea, Time
s.
= Timp
To change v.
To come v.
a fi n stare de
= A (se) schimba To leave
= A merge
Madam
along
May
mpreun
= 1. A putea
v.
A avea voie
To mean
v.
2. a fi posibil
= 1. A avea
neles de
To mind
Mine
107
pos.
Must
Nephew
ai mei,
v.
ale mele
= A trebui;
Tomorrow
adv.
= Mine
s.
a fi necesar
= Nepot
To want
v.
= A vrea
adj.
mtu)
= Urmtor;
Without
prep
= Fr
s.
urmtoare
= Nefumtor
The other
adj.
(de unchi /
Next
Nonsmoker
Cellalt,
nehot = cealalt,
Ceilali,
celelalte
Permission s.
= Permisiune
PHRASES:
You mean vrei s spui (c)
Ladies and gentlemen doamnelor i domnilor
In that case n acest caz
I dont mind nu-mi pas; nu m deranjeaz
I say, Victor ascult Victor
To be interested in a se interesa de
From time to time din cnd n cnd
Next time data viitoare
To take a dictation; to do a dictation a scrie o dictare
As usual ca de obicei
TEXT:
108
Read and translate this text in Romanian. (Citii i traducei acest text n
Romn):
The clock strikes five and the lesson begins.
ADRIAN: Can I smoke here?
EVA: You mean may I smoke here?
ADRIAN: Yes, youre right. Well, then: May I smoke here?
EVA: What do the ladies say?
ALL THE OTHER LADIES: Yes, he may.
ADRIAN: Thank you, ladies, very much.
DAN: Ladies and gentlemen is the complete phrase.
ADRIAN: Must I also ask for permission from the gentlemen?
DAN: Of course you must, if you want to be polite. There may be non-smokers among
them, too. So you mustnt smoke without their permission. But you have their
permission, so you may smoke.
ADRIAN: Thank you, ladies and gentlemen.
GEORGE: May I open the window behind you Alexandra? I dont like cigarette smoke.
ALEXANDRA: Yes, you may. But in this case I think I want to change my place.
PAUL: You can change it with mine if you like. I dont mind an open window behind me.
MARIA: I say, Victor, tell your sister she can come and see me tomorrow evening. I have
an interesting English book to show her.
VICTOR: May I come along with her? You know I am very much interested in English
books.
MARIA: Certainly you may. Its a pleasure.
EVA: Now, friends, I think we must have a dictation today. You cannot only speak here.
From time to time you must also write. All of you may not like it but we must do this,
too. Our teacher wants us to do it.
109
ADRIAN: Cant we leave it for the next time? I feel I cant dictation today.
LIZA: You mustnt say that Adrian. I am sure you can do a very good dictation, as usual.
You may be a little tired today because we know you work very hard, but we are sure you
can do it all right.
EVA: All right then. Let us begin. Dictation.
(Everybody begins to write.) 21
Virgiliu tefnescu-Drgneti, Adrian Nicolaescu, Victor Hanea, Limba Englez Curs Practic, Ed. tiinific, Bucureti,
pag. 142-143
110
111
EXERCIII:
1.
Completai spaiile libere cu may sau can. (Fill in the blanks with may or can):
112
2.
Completai spaiile goale folosind might sau might not i verbele din parantez.
(Complete these sentences, using might or might not and the verbs in brackets):
1. I (buy) her this doll for her birthday party. She likes dolls.
2. Take the jersey with you. It.(be) cold tonight.
3. We..(go) to Switzerland this winter, but we havent booked yet.
4. I..(go) by car because there will be a lot of traffic.
5. They(come) to the party this evening. Theyre very busy. They have a lot of
things at home.
6. What are you going to do tonight? Im not sure. I..(stay) at home. Im tired.
7. I know Helen is at school today. But I dont know where she is at the moment. She..
(be) at the gym, or she ..(be) in the chemistry lab.
8. Dont worry to much about that mistake. It(be) important.
9. Ill try to change the time of my flight, but it ..(be) possible. The planes are often full
at this time of the year.
10. You .(find) a good hotel if you go to the main street there are lots of hotels
there.
3.
verbul din parantez. (Put in an appropriate pronoun and may (not) or might (not)
plus the verb in brackets):
1. The sky is full of clouds. (rain) later.
2. Dont give it to Susan. . (like) it.
3. .(be) late tonight. I have a lot of work to do.
4. Im thinking of learning Spanish. . (go) to evening classes at the University.
5. I wonder why Bob is late. Well there (be) a lot of traffic.
6. Its a long way to go in a day. We think. (break) the journey somewhere.
113
7. Alexandra is pleased that shed got an interview for a job. (get) the job of course.
8. The caravan is a bit small for all of us. (sell) it and buy a bigger one.
9. Dont think that suitcase is too heavy for you? .. (drop) it.
10. . (be) out of town as the gate is locked.
4.
sau noi, sau alte pronume personale. (Complete these sentences with may or (not) be
allowed to, using I or we, or other personal pronoun):
1. .use your typewriter this afternoon? Mine is out of order.
2. .smoke in the cinema hall? Im afraid you cant.
3. .cross the road here?
4. .ask you a question?
5. .go in this park?
6. .read your letter from Susan?
7. Granny says.go swimming whenever we like.
8. Ive got an interview tomorrow morning. .record it on tape?
9. She couldnt come because she ..to.
10. feed the animals at the Zoo yesterday its forbidden.
11. Passengers..take one bag onto the plane.
12. I thinkjoin you.
13. ..go in if youre under 18.
6.
Ion Vladoiu, Verbele modale englezesti, ed. AN-DA, Bucuresti, pag. 127-129
115
WILL, WOULD
Aceste dou verbe intr n categoria verbelor auxiliar-modale i exprim:
voina; consimmntul sau refuzul; dorina sau preferina; promisiunea sau
amenarea; comand, ordin sau intruciuni; insisten, ofert sau rugmini
politicoase.
Ele arat aciuni care au loc n viitor sau impun o condiie.
Eg.: I will go to the seaside next summer.
WILL este des folosit i ca verb modal i exprim voin, refuz, hotrre, comenzi,
promisiuni i ameninri, rugmini, invitaii, obiceiuri etc.
Eg.: I will accompany you.
I will accomplish all my goals.
She will not say a word.
You will obey my commands.
WOULD este i el folosit ca verb modal pentru a arta dorina sau preferina cuiva
pentru ceva sau varinta pliticoas de a solicita ceva.
Eg.: I would like a slice of your birthday cake.
Would you like to come in?
117
5. You (.) easily recognize her; she has got blonde hair and blue eyes.
6. They () come right now; they have finished their work.
7. I (..) smell something burning in the kitchen.
8. It was so cold outside I (.not) walk the dog for more than 20 minutes.
9. Mozart (.) play the piano when he was 5 years old.
2.
to go now.
to open the window.
to use Eurocard.
to get a travelers check.
to spend all the money on books.
to phone her.
3.
119
the office
his friends
whatever she wanted
the week-end
the old watch
at the picture
Folosii forma could pentru a exprima o cerere politicoas. (Use the form
Folosii verbul modal may pentru a cere permisiunea. (Use the modal verb
3. You want to see a TV show and it is off. Ask for permission to see it again.
4. You want to take off your coat because it is too hot in that room. Ask for permission
to take off your coat.
5. You want too see a sweater that you intend to buy. Ask for permission to see a sweater.
8.
prezent, trecut sau viitor. (Use may or his similar construction to express
permission in present, past or future):
1. When I was younger I (.not) to got o a disco.
2. People (.not) touch the exhibits in a museum.
3. I (not) get my driving license until I was 18.
4. You (..) join the army when you are 18.
5. He (.) drive a motorbike next year.
8.
prezent sau trecut a verbelor din parantez. (Fill in the blanks with may/might or
could (not) and the present/past Infinitive of the verbs in brackets):
1. I.never (see) you again, so keep this as a souvenir from me.
2. Your cousin ..(be) in the garden now.
3. Granny.(come) this evening, but I dont think she will.
4. If he knew our new address, he(come) and see us.
5. It(rain) tomorrow, but I hope it will not.
6. Helen(be) on the next train. We.very well (wait).
7. If we got there early, we..(get) a good seat.
8. Grandpa said it..(snow) tonight.
9. I wonder why they didnt go. The weather..(be) too bad.
121
10.
persoana sau persoanele n cauz trebuie s fac acel lucru, ateptnd un rspuns
negativ i dnd un rspuns negativ. (n each of the following sentences somebody is
going to do something. Ask if the person or the persons concerned need do things,
expecting a negative reply and give a negative reply.)
Ex.: 1. Tom is going to climb the apple tree.
There are a lot of apples in a basket.
Need he climb the apple tree?
No, he neednt.
124
Alctuii propoziii folosind forma HAD TO. (Build up sentences using the
1.1.
adj.
=
=
=
Alt, alta
Superputere
Meteug
To estimate v.
To identify v.
Themselves pr.
=
=
=
A estima
A identifica
nii
ndemnare
Marea
Census
Recensmnt
s.
majoritate
23
Ion Vldoiu, Verbe modale englezeti, Ed. AN-DA, Bucureti pag 82 84; 127 129; 152 - 158
126
Reader
Like
s.
=
adv. =
Cititor
Ca
Near
To
adj.
v.
=
=
Aproape
A
be scattered
fi mprtiat
To set out
Search
To find
To
v.
s.
v.
v.
=
=
=
=
A porni
Cutare
A gsi
Ai displcea
Throughout
To want
To look for
To look for
prep
v.
v.
v.
=
=
=
=
A fi rspndit
Printre
A vrea
A cuta ceva
A cuta ceva
be displeased
To know
To feel
Hope
Few
v.
v.
s.
adj.
=
=
=
=
A ti
A simi
Speran
Puin
Certainly
Dream
Somehow
adv.
s.
adv.
=
=
=
Cu siguran
Vis
Cumva
PHRASES:
In the same time = n acelai timp
As in terms = n termeni; referitor la
To look for = a cuta
The very subject = chiar subiectul
Just over half = puin peste jumtate
To live on = a tri pe
By use = prin obinuin
TEXT:
Read and translate this text in Romanian. (Citii i traducei acest text n
Romn):
INDIANS OR AMERICANS
127
America is not just another country. It is a superpower but, in the same time, we
can speak about it in terms of its population centers, economic statistics, educational
systems, arts and crafts, politics and problems etc. Most readers, like most tourists, set
out in search of America wanting to find what they are looking for and are very
displeased with their guides if they dont find it. We all know and feel that America that
dream and that promise, those myths, legends and hopes is somewhat different. The
very subject of America attracts opinions and judgments as no other country does.
The United States is one of the few countries that have no official language or
languages. English is the common language by use but it is not the national language by
law. About 30 million Americans speak a language other than English at home. It is
estimated that some 20 million people in the United States may have some Indian blood.
However, only about 1,4 million people identify themselves as Indian (American
Indian, Eskimo, etc) in the 1980 census. Just over half of these live on or near federal
reservations. The rest is scattered throughout the population. No Indian has to stay in a
reservation. Less than 30 Indians were city residents in 1940 and today are over 700, 000.
Nineteen metropolitan areas have 5,000 or more Indians; the Los Angeles urban complex
has about 82,000.
Over 10 percent of the more than 200 Indian reservations have 5000 or more
Indians, the largest being the Navajo with some 166,000 Indians. Most of the 500 or so
tribes and groups recognized by US Government have few members. In only five states
(Alaska, Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma and South Dakota) Indians make more than
5% of the population.
All American Indians are citizens of the US.24
24
Olea Ciuciuc, Eugenia Tnsescu, Curs de Englez General, Ed. Teora, Bucureti, p. 78
128
EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
1.2.1 FOLOSIRE
Timpul Prezentul Simplu (The Simple Present Tense) este unul dintre cele mai
importante noiuni de gramatic din limba englez i, prin urmare, va fi primul studiat n
acest suport de seminar.
n ceea ce privete timpurile verbale exist o deosebire important ntre timpurile
verbale romneti i cele englezeti: aspectul. Spre deosebire de timpurile verbale
romneti, cele englezeti au aspectul simplu i continuu.
n limba englez exist urmtoarele timpuri verbale:
1. TIMPUL PREZENT (THE PRESENT TENSE)
Prezentul Simplu The Simple Present Tense
Prezentul Continuu The Present Continuous Tense
2. TIMPUL TRECUT (THE PAST TENSE)
Trecutul Simplu The Simple Past Tense
Trecutul Continuu The Continuous Past Tense
3. TIMPUL VIITOR (THE FUTURE TENSE)
Viitorul Simplu The Simple Future
Viitorul Continuu The Future Continuous Tense
Alte Forme de Exprimare a Viitorului
129
Timpul Present Tense Simple exprim o aciune general (mai precis obiceiuri,
evenimente sau fapte care se repet urmnd un anumit model) sau adevruri general
valabile cum ar fi proverbe sau lucruri de necontestat. Adverbele care nsoesc de obicei
acest tip de prezent sunt: every day/month/year, always, usually, often, sometimes,
seldom, ever, never, once a day etc.
Prezentul Simplu mai exprim i o stare de fapt:
Eg.: It is always cold in winter.
He usually runs two hours in the park.
- comentarii la radio i televiziune:
Eg.: Today the temperatures rise to 60 degrees.
- comentarii sportive:
Eg.: The goal-keeper misses the ball and one more goal is scored.
- declaraii:
Eg.: The army declares state of emergency in that state.
- titluri de ziare:
Eg.: John (the football player) transfers to the English team.
130
1.2.2 FORMARE
Din punct de vedere al formei, Prezentul Simplu este identic cu infinitivul scurt.
Ceea ce l difereniaz de alte timpuri verbale este terminaia s sau es care se adaug la
persoana a-III-a, nr. singular. Aceast terminaie implic anumite schimbri n structura
verbului cum ar fi:
1. Verbele care se termin n ss; -ch; -sh; -x adaug terminaia es care se pronun
[iz]
Eg.: I confess he confesses
I push
he pushes
I teach
- he teaches
I box
- he boxes
131
n schimb, cele care se termin n y dar este precedat de o vocal adaug numai un s
i se pronun [z]:
Eg.: I buy he buys
I play he plays
Acest timp verbal are trei forme: afirmativ, negativ i interogativ. Formele
interogativ i negativ au nevoie de verbul auxiliar to do pentru a se forma.
De exemplu, pentru a forma negativul se adaug forma do sau does ntre subiect
i forma de infinitiv scurt a verbului de conjugat i negaia not.
Eg.: They do not want to enter there.
She does not say a word.
Forma interogativ este format prin inversarea lui do/does cu subiectul:
Eg.: Do you do this often?
Does he always react like this?
O alt subdiviziune a timpului Prezentul Simplu este Prezentul Istoric mai rar
folosit n limbajul de zi cu zi dar foarte des ntlnit n povestiri, prezentri istorice,
naraiuni sau pentru a dramatiza o situaie sau un eveniment:
Eg.: To make England more prosperous, Elisabeth Tudor wants to find a peaceful
answer to the English Reformation. The Queen also encourages merchant expansion. She
recognizes Spain as her rival and enemy.
Glume sau alte povestiri:
132
Eg.: The lord tells his butler to call him a taxi. The butler, who never contradicts his
master, says: Yes sir, you are a taxi.
Activiti programate oficial sau aciuni care fac parte dintr-un program
stabilit pentru viitorul apropiat.
Eg.: The train for Liverpool leaves in five minutes. On July the 1st our school
organizes a trip to the Old Valley. The students who go on this trip have been told that the
coach leaves at 7 a.m. sharp.
ATENIE!
n limba englez exist anumite categorii de verbe care folosesc numai aspectul
simplu precum:
1. Verbe de percepie senzorial: to see, to hear, to smell, to taste, to touch, to feel,
to notice etc.
Eg.: Your cake tastes good.
Spring flowers smell sweet.
I feel tired after the days work.
2. Verbe care se refer la capaciti mintale: to think, to understand, to know, to
suppose, to realize, to remember, to
recollect, to recall, to forget,
to expect.
133
1.3
1.
EXERCISES (EXERCISES):
Construii propoziii conform modelului, care s aib legtur cu
Ioana Maria Turai, Gramatica limbii engleze, Ed. Corint, Bucureti, 2006
135
firme. El trebuie s i rspund la ntrebri. Acestea sunt rspunsurile lui Bob. (Bob
White has been accepted for an interview with the manager of a big company. He
has to answer the managers questions. Here are Bobs answers).
1. I am an engineer.
2. I am a graduate in Automatics.
3. I can speck two foreign languages, German and French.
4. This is the first job I am applying from.
5. I live in this town.
136
Put in the correct form of the Present Progressive. (Completai spaiile libere
Ioana Maria Turai, Gramatica limbii engleze, Ed. Corint, Bucureti, 2006
137
Put in the correct form of the Present Tense Simple. (Completai spaiile
6.
propoziii la interogativ):
1. This is a wrong address.
2. He understands Japanese.
3. We never stay at home on Sunday morning.
27
Olea Ciuciuc, Eugenia Tanasescu, Curs de Engleza Generala, Ed. Teora, Bucuresti, 1998, pag. 75-76
138
Turn the following sentences into the negative form. (Trecei urmtoarele
propoziii la negative.)
Model: They work until late.
They do not / dont work until late.
1. We receive messages from them every two hours.
2. I live in the country.
3. They go for a walk in the park every Saturday.
4. You go to bed late every night.
5. She leads a quiet life in this old district of the town.
6. There are seven important sights Id like you to visit in this region.
7. Students work as hard as they should.
8. We generally eat more during the holiday.
8.
Put the time expressions between the brackets in the right place. (Introducei
139
9.
Read the following in the third person singular. Do not change the object if it
UNIT VIII
FOCUS: TIMPURILE VERBALE (CONTINUARE)
1. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE (PREZENTUL CONTINUU)
28
A.J. Thomson, A.V. Martinet, A Practical English Grammar, Exercises 1, Ed. Oxford University Press, Bucureti, 2008,
pag. 49-51.
142
1.1.
Season
Sultry
Threatening
s.
adj.
adj.
=
=
=
Sezon
Cloud
nbuitor
Sign
Amenintor Thunder
s.
s.
s.
=
=
=
Nor
Semn
Tunet
Storm
To follow
To hail
s.
v.
adv.
=
=
=
Furtun
A urma
A cadea
To improve
Rainbow
To show up
v.
s.
v.
=
=
=
A se face frumos
Curcubeu
A aprea
Ripe
Cherries
Peaches
Bitterly
Cold
Ponds
adj.
s.
s.
adv.
adj.
s.
=
=
=
=
=
=
Copt
Ciree
Piersici
Extrem
Rece
Eleteu
Roof
To glisten
To hang
Seed
To slide
s.
v.
v.
s.
v.
=
=
=
=
=
Acoperi
A strluci
A atrna
Smn
A aluneca
Beside
To pick
Strawberries
Apricots
Frost
Unbearable
prep.
v.
s.
s.
s.
adj.
=
=
=
=
=
=
grindina
De altfel
A culege
Cpuni
Caise
Frig, ger
Insuportabil
To froze
Layer
Icicle
Eave
Snowfall
v.
s.
s.
s.
s.
=
=
=
=
=
A nghea
Strat
urure
Strain
Ninsoare
PHRASES:
143
only one who loves winter. Many people do, people who enjoy skating, skiing,
not to mention the children whose joy of making snowmen, sliding and throwing
snowballs to one another cant be described. As you see, for me the winter is not
just cold and frost.
Ann: Well, I guess youre right. Anyway, Im sure Ill always like the summer best.29
1.2.
EXPLICAII GRAMATICALE
1.2.1 FORMARE
O alt form a prezentului este timpul Prezentul Continuu.
Acest timp este format din verbul auxiliar TO BE la prezent i participiul prezent al
verbului de conjugat terminat n ing. El este n general nsoit de adverbe de timp ca:
now, in this moment, this year, today etc. Timpul Prezentul Continuu are trei forme:
Afirmativ: subiect + am/are/is + participiul prezent + ing
Eg.: He is coming.
Negativ: subiect + am/are/is + not + participiul prezent + ing
Eg.: Jim is not going anywhere.
Interogativ: am/are/is + subiect + participiul prezent
Eg.: Is Susan a pleasant girl?
29
Olea Ciuciuc, Eugenia Tanasescu, Curs de Engleza Generala, Ed. Teora, Bucuresti, 1998, pag. 88
145
To buy buying
To cry crying
To obey obeying
To play playing
To say saying
To try trying30
1.2.2 FOLOSIRE
Prezentul Continuu este folosit n urmtoarele situaii:
1. Aciuni care se desfoar fie n prezent, fie n momentul vorbirii, fie n general:
Eg.: What are you doing today?
Whats the baby doing?
Hes tearing up a 5 note.
2. Exist i situaia n care timpul Prezentul Continuu este folosit pentru a arta
calitatea sau starea sufleteasc a unei persoane:
Eg.: English is easily forgotten when it is not spoken continuously.
He was feeling weakened all the time.
Not: Dac ntr-o fraz exist dou aciuni care au loc n acelai timp, la timpul Prezentul
Continuu, numai o singur form de participiu se adaug aceasta fcnd parte din cel deal doilea verb:
30
Ioana Maria Turai, Gramatica Limbii Engleze, ed. Corint, Bucureti, 2006, pag.341
147
Eg.: John was planting and watering a flower in the same time.
3. Prezentul Continuu este folosit n aciuni care au loc n prezent i care includ
momentul vorbirii. Acest aspect este adesea nsoit de adverbe i locuiuni
adverbiale de timp ca: today/this morning/afternoon/evening/year/month etc.
Eg.: We are having an exam today. We have just handed the written papers
and now we are waiting for the results.
4. Acest timp mai poate indica o aciune care se desfoar ntr-un viitor apropiat
fiind folosit n general cu verbe de micare ca: tomorrow, next Monday, next
week, these days, soon.
Eg.: Paula: What are you doing this week-end?
Sue: I am going on a trip. And you, what are you doing?
Paula: Im staying at home. Im waiting for my son who is comming from
a long journey.
5. Iritarea fa de o aciune sau situaie:
Eg.: The two women are always gossiping about their neighbours whenever they
meet.
VERBE CARE NU SUNT FOLOSITE CU TIMPUL PREZENT CONTINUU
Exist n limba englez o categorie de verbe care nu pot fi folosite cu timpul
Prezent Continuu ci numai cu timpul Prezent Simplu. Ele pot fi grupate dup cum
urmeaz:
148
149
EXERCIII:
Construii propoziii conform modelului, care s aib legtur cu propoziiile de
mai jos, cu ajutorul cuvintelor din parantez. (Build up sentences, according to the
model, which are related with the sentences below, with the help of the words in
brackets):
Model: I always watch TV after dinner. (never during dinner)
I never watch TV during dinner.
1. Our children dont play in the street. (usually in the park not far from our home)
2. Mrs. Jones goes shopping on Tuesdays and Fridays. (seldom at weekends )
3. As a rule, my parents leave for work at 7.30 a.m. (never so early on Saturday
and Sunday)
4. How often do you go on trips? (once a month)
5. Romanian families spend a lot of money on heating their houses in winter. (in
summer any money).
6. People who live in the country keep their doors locked by night. (never by day)
7. Do you ever go to work by taxi? (sometimes when Im late)
8. Children usually have a cup of milk for breakfast. (not for lunch as a rule)
9. Bill often rides his bike on his way to work in fine weather. (never in rainy
weather)
10. Professor Johnson delivers a course on Public Health every Wednesday. (not on
any other day)
150
2. Situation. (Situaie):
Bob White has been accepted for an interview with the manager of a big
company. He has to answer the managers questions. Here are Bobs answers. Tell
which were the questions he was asked and then give the answers. (Bob White a fost
acceptat la un interviu cu directorul unei companii mari. El trebuie s rspund la
ntrebrile directorului. Spunei ce ntrebri i s-au pus i apoi relatai rspunsurile):
1. I am an engineer.
2. I am a graduate in Automatics.
3. I cand speak two foreign languages, German and French.
4. This is the first job I am applying for.
5. I live in this town.
6. No, I am not married yet.
7. I have a driving licence, but I do not have my own car.
8. I enjoy travelling, so I am eager to represent the companys interests whenever I
might be sent if I am offered the job.
3.
6. Tim never sleeps/is never sleeping more than six hours a night.
7. Drivers must never speak on thir mobile phone while they drive/are driving.
8. Mind the traffic lights before you cross/are crossing the road.
9. Ill find out the truth as soon as I get/am getting his letter.
10. I dont know where works his father/his father works.
4.
Fill up the following sentences according to the model, using the words in
152
7. The building of the new Townhall involves a huge sum of money. (so the
renovation of an old one)
8. Harry cant stand by his promise. (neither - I)
9. This document doesnt set out any firm clausses. (neither the previuos one)
10. I assure you the manager doesnt intend to turn down your proposal.
(neither any of us)
5.
Build up questions derived from the sentences bellow, using the words in
brackets
..
8. I want to read the todays newspaper. (still, read, you)
..
9. Jim is beating his little brother. (why, behave, badly)
..
10.Mary is talking with a young boy in the corner of the street. (who, boy, with)
...
6.
express activities planed for the future. Some words would be omitted. (Reformulai
urmtoarele propoziii, folosind timpul Prezentul Continuu, pentru a exprima
activitii viitoare. Anumite cuvinte ar putea fi omise.)
Model: We have bought tickets for tomorrows football meci.
We are going to the football meci tomorrow.
1. The Archers have deceided to plant some trees in their garden this week-end.
2. Sheila has planned to change her job for a better one this year.
3. The Government has in view to allot a considerable sum of money for the
modernization of schools this year.
4. The students have deceided to start a course on computers next week.
5. Jims parents have saved money to send him to a summer camp.
6. The greengrocer has just unloaded a hundred pounds of fruit to sell today.
7. As Dick hasnt enough money to buy a new car, he intends to buy a second hand
one.
8. Mrs Wood, our history teacher, is ready to begin the first class of the day in a few
minutes.
9. I hope that the pop star is willing to give autographs at the end of the show.
154
10. As I have taken my car to be repaired, I have deceided to walk for a day or two.31
7.
Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Continuous Tense. (Punei verbele
31
Ioana Maria Turai, Gramatica Limbii Engleze, ed. Corint, Bucureti, 2006, pag. 343 -346
155
19.You (do) anything this evening? No, Im not. Well, I (go) to the cinema. Would you
like to come with me?
20.We (have) breakfast at 8.00 tomorrow as Tom (catch) an early train.
21.Ann usually does shopping, but I (do) it today as she is not well.
22.Why do you (type) so fast? You (make) a lot of mistakes.
23.Mother (rest) now. She always rests after lunch.
24.They (dig) an enormous hole just outside my gate. What they (do) that for? I dont
know. Perhaps they (look) for oil.
25.What (make) that terrible noise? Its the pneumatic drill. They (repair) the road.
26.The children are very quiet. Go and see what they (do). They (cut) up some 5
notes.
27.What you (wait) for? I (wait) for my change; the boy just (get) it.
28.I cant hear what you (say); the traffic (make) too much noise.
29.She always (lose) her glasses and (ask) me to look for them.
30. Mother: What are you (look) at? Something (happen) in the street?
31.Child: Yes. The house opposite is on fire! Come and look!
Mother: I cant. I (bath) the babies. It is the Fire Brigade here?
32.Child: Yes. Fire engines (rush) up and the firemen (jump) up and (unroll) their
hoses.
33.Smoke (pour) from the windows! People (stop) to watch. A policeman (try) to
move them on.
34.An old man (climb) out of the first floor window. A fireman (help) him! Two boys
(slide) down a rope!
35.A woman (wave) from the attic and a fireman (go) up a ladder to help her!
36.Now he (come) down again! He (carry a baby). The crowd (cheer)!
156
UNIT IX
FOCUS: REVISION UNIT
THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE VS. THE PRESENT
CONTINUOUS TENSE (EXERCISES)
TIMPUL PREZENTUL SIMPLU VS. TIMPUL PREZENTUL
CONTINUU (EXERCIII)
1.
Put the verbs in brackets into the Simple Present or the Present Continuous
Tense. (Punei verbele din parantez la timpul prezentul simplu sau continuu):
157
1. Cuckoos (not build) nests. They (use) the nests of other birds.
2. You can not see Tom now: he (have) a bath.
3. He usually (drink) coffee but today he (drink) tea.
4. What she (do) in the evening? She usually (play) cards or (watch) TV.
5. I will not go out now as it (rain) and I (not have) an umbrella.
6. The last train (leave) the station at 11.30.
7. He usually (speak) so quickly that I (not understand) him.
8. Ann (make) a dress for herself at the moment. She (make) all her own clothes.
9. Hardly anyone (wear) a hat nowadays.
10. Im afraid I have broken one of your coffee cups.
11. I (wear) my sun glasses today because the sun is very strong.
12.Tom cannot have the newspaper now because his aunt (read) it.
13.I am busy at the moment. I (redecorate) the room.
14.The kettle (boil) now. Shall I make the tea?
15.You (enjoy) yourself or would you like to leave now? I (enjoy) myself very
much. I (want) to stay to the end.
16.How you (get) to work as a rule? I usually (go) by bus but tomorrow I (go) in
Toms car.
17. Why you (put) on your coat? I (go) for a walk. You (come) with me? Yes, Id
love to come. You (mind) if I bring my dog?
18. How much you (owe) him? I (owe) him 5. You (intend) to pay him?
19. You (belong) to your local library? Yes, I do. You (read) a lot? Yes, quite a lot.
How often you (change) the books? I (change) one every day.
20. Mary usually (learn) languages very quickly but she (not seem) able to learn
modern Greek.
21. I always (buy) lottery tickets but I never (win) anything.
22. You (like) this necklace? I (give) it to my daughter for her birthday.
158
23. I will not tell you my secret unless you (promise) not to tell anyone. I (promise).
2.
Put the verbs in the brackets into the Simple Prezent Tense or Prezent
Continuous Tense. (Punei verbele din parantez la Timpul Prezentul Simplu sau la
cel Continuu):
159
1. What Tom (think) of the Budget? He (think) it is most unfair.I (agree) with
him.
2. What this one (cost)? It (cost) forty pence.
3. You (hear) the wind? It (blow) very strongly tonight.
4. You (see) my car keys anywhere? No, I (look) for them but I (not see) them.
5. He never (listen) to what you say. He always (think) about something else.
6. This book is about a man who (desert) his family and (go) to live on a Pacific
Island.
7. You (understand) what the lecturer is saying? No, I (not understand) him at all.
8. What you (have) for breakfast usually? I usually (eat) a carrot and (drink) a glass
of cold water.
9. When the curtain (rise) we (see) a group of workers. They (picket) a gate factory.
10.Why you (walk) so fast today? You usually (walk) quite slowly. I (hurry) because I
(meet) my mother at 4 oclock and she (not like) to be kept waiting.
11. I (wish) that dog would lie down. He (keep) jumping up in my lap. I (think) he
(want) to go for a walk.
12. You (recognize) that man? I (think) that I have seen him before but I (not
remember) his name.
13. Look at that crowd. I (wonder) what they (wait) for.
14. This massage has just arrive and the man (wait) in case you (want) to send a reply.
15. Stop! You (not see) the notice? I (see) it but I cannot read it because I (not wear)
my glasses. What it (say)? It say These premisses are patrolled by guard dogs.
16. She always (borrow) from me and she never (remember) to pay me back.
17. You (need) another blanket or you (feel) warm enough?
18. It (save) time if you (take) the path through the woods? No, it (not matter) which
path you take.
19. I (save) up because I (go) abroad in July.
20. I (think) it is a pity you do not take more exercises. You (get) fat.
160
21. The plane that you (look) at now just (take) off from Paris.
22. Tom never (do) any work in the garden; he always (work) on his car.
23. What he (do) to his car now? I (think) he (polish) it.
24.That film (come) to the local cinema next week. You (want) to see it?
25. How Peter (get) on at school? Very well. He (seem) to like the life.
26.Why Mrs. Pitt (look) so angry? Mr. Pitt (smoke) a cigarette and (drop) the ash on
the carpet.
27. This is our itinerary. We (leave) home on the 8th, (arrive) in Paris on the 9th,
(spend) the day in Paris and (set) out that night for Venice. That (sound) most
interesting. You must tell all about it when you (get) back.
28. This story is about a boy. Who (make) friends with a snake which he (find) in his
garden. Then he (go) away but he (not forget) the snake and some years later he
(return) and (look) for it.
29. He (find) the snake who (recognize) his old friend and (coil) around him
affectionately. But unfortunately, the snake is now a full grown boa constrictor and
its embrase (kill) the poor boy.
30. The snake (feel) sorry about this? I (not know). The story (end) there.
31. How you (end) a letter that (begin), Dear Sir? I always (put), Yours truly, but
Tom (prefer) Yours faithfully.
32. What the word catastrophe (mean)? It (mean) disaster.
33. What you (wait) for? I (wait) for the shop to open. But it (not open) till 9.00. I
(know) but I (want) to be early, as their sale (start) today.
34. Why you (smoke) a cigar Mrs. Pitt? You (not smoke) cigars as a rule. I (smoke) it
because I (want) the ash. This book (say) the cigar ash mixed with oil (remove)
heat stains from wood.
35. Who (own) this umbrella. I (not know). Everybody (use) it but nobody (know)
who (own) it.
161
36. You (mind) if I (ask) you a question? That (depend) on the question. It (concern)
your brother. I (refuse) to answer any question about my brother.32
3. Make questions at Present Tense using the verbs below and the noun answer.
(Alctuii ntrebri folosind timpul Prezentul Simplu, verbele de mai jos i
substantivul rspuns):
Eg.: 1. write Are you writing the answer now?
2. understand Do you understand the answer now?
3. know
7. check
10. look at
13. like
16. see
4. read
8. repeat
11. need
14. want
17. guess
5. wait for
9. have
12. give
15. type
18. recall
4.
Put the verbs in italics in the Simple or Continuous Present Tense to practice
the contrast between habitual actions and actions in progress now or planned for
the near future. (Punei verbele din parantez la timpul prezentul simplu sau
continuu pentru a exersa contrastul dintre aciunile obinuite i aciunile n
desfurare n momentul vorbirii sau planificate pentru viitorul apropiat):
Eg.: The children are drinking milk now.
They drink milk every morning.
1. I always (drive) my friends to the station.
2. Look! The train (get) in at this very moment.
3. We (go) to the soccer game tomorrow afternoon.
32
Ioana Maria Turai, Gramatica Limbii Engleze, ed. Corint, Bucureti, 2006, pag. 52 - 54
162
5. In pairs, ask and answer questions about television in your country. Use verbs in
the Simple and Continuous Present Tense. (n perechi, punei i rspundei la
ntrebri despre televiziunea din ara ta. Folosii verbe la Prezentul Simplu sau
Continuu):
1. How many television channels do you have in your country?
2. Are television companies expanding their hours right now?
3. Are there any changes taking place in TV programming this year? If yes, which are
these changes?
4. How much does a good television set cost?
5. Do you have a color or black and white TV? Give reasons for your choice.
6. How old is your TV set? When are you buying a new one?
7. In what roomof the house do you keep your television?
8. Who watches television most in your family?
9. How often do you watch television?
10.What is your favorite program? Describe the program
11.Are you watching your favorite program this week? If yes, on what evening?
12.Do you buy the TV program? If yes, how often do you buy it?
13. What information does the Tv program contain?
14.Does the public ever participate as the audience at the tapings of the TV shows? If
yes, what kind of shows do they attend?
163
Put the verbs in italics in the Simple or Continuous Present Tense. (Punei
164
7.
Put the verbs in italics in the Simple Present Tense to express sequences of
short (non-durative) actions. Note the use of the Continuous Present Tense for
actions of comparatively longer duration. (Punei verbele din parantez la timpul
prezentul simplu pentru a exprima aciuni scurte i care nu dureaz. Remarcai
folosirea prezentului continuu pentru actiuni de lung durata):
Put the verbs in italics in the Simple or Continuous Present Tense. (Punei
The Scotts (have) lunch in town next Sunday. They (not think) of going away for the
weekend.
I (expect) a telephone call from Cathy this afternoon.
I (see) you are impatient to leave.
The Smiths are very happy; they (have) two lovely daughters and now a son has been
born.33
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Olea Ciuciuc, Eugenia Tnase, Curs de Englez General, Ed. Teora, Bucureti, 1998.
Georgiana Galateanu-Farnoaga, Deborah Parks, Execiii si Teste de Gramatic Englez,
Ed. Paralela 45, Bucureti, 2000.
Mihai M. Zdrenghea, Anca L. Greere, A Practical English Gramar with exercises, Ed.
Clusium, 1999.
Mariana ranu, Limba Englez, Sintez Gramatical complet prin enunuri i exerciii,
Ed. Corint, Bucureti, 2002.
Virgiliu tefnescu-Drgneti, Adrian Nicolaescu, Victor Hanea, Limba Englez Curs
Practic, Ed. tiinific, Bucureti.
Ioana Maria Turai, Gramatica Limbii Engleze, ed. Corint, Bucureti.
Ion Vldoiu, Verbele Modale Englezeti, Ed. AN-DA, Bucureti.
33
Georgiana Galateanu-Farnoaga, Deborah Parks, Execitii si Teste de Gramatica Engleza, Ed. Paralela 45, Bucuresti, 2000,
pag. 77-84
166
Jean Brossard, Sylvie Chevalier, Gramatica Alfabetic a Limbii Engleze, Ed. Teora,
Bucureti, 1998.
Dumitru Chioran, Irina Panovf, Ioana Poenaru, Exerciii de Gramatic Englez, Ed.
Teora, Bucureti,1955.
Constantin Paidos, English Grammar, Theory and Practice, Ed. Polirom, Bucureti,
2001.
Leon Levichi, Gramatica Limbii Engleze, Ed. Teora, Bucureti, 1994.
Leon Levichi, Ioan Preda, Gramatica Limbii Engleze, Ed. Mondero, Bucureti, 1992.
CONTENT
UNIT I: THE VERB................3
UNIT II: THE PRONOUN19
UNIT III: THE ARTICLE.26
UNIT IV: THE ADJECTIVE....46
UNIT V: THE ADVERB..66
UNIT VI: MODAL VERBS..88
UNIT VII: THE SIMPLE PREZENT TENSE....129
UNIT VIII: THE PREZENT CONINUOUS TENSE..146
UNIT IX: REVISION UNIT: PREZENT TENSE SIMPLE VS. PREZENT TENSE
CONTINUOUS..161
BIBLIOGRAPHY....170
167
168