Written Paper

1. Read the following text and specify:

 The text type
 The text genre
 The purpose of the text
 The target audience

Thus, in this explanation the subject merges his unique personality and personal and
moral code with that of larger institutional structures, surrendering individual
properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent
systems of authority. Here we have two radically different explanations for why so
many teacher-subjects were willing to forgo their sense of personal responsibility for
the sake of an institutional authority figure. The problem for biologists, psychologists
and anthropologists is to sort out which of these two polar explanations is more
plausible. This, in essence, is the problem of modem sociobiology – to discover the
degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates, or at least strongly biases,
the interaction of animals and humans with their environment, that is, their behaviour.
Put another way, sociobiology is concerned with elucidating the biological basis of all
behaviour.

This text is a informative type because the language used is logical, for example: “the
subject merges…”.
The genre of the text is informational report because it gives factual information about
a phenomenon, for ex: “ discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic
programming dictates…”.
The purpose of the text is to inform the reader.
The targeted audience might be students or experts.

2. Translate the text into Romanian.

Astfel, în această explicație, subiectul își contopește personalitatea unică și codul

personal și moral cu cel al unor structuri instituționale mai mari, renunțând la
proprietăți individuale precum loialitatea, sacrificiul de sine și disciplina în slujba
unor sisteme de autoritate răuvoitoare. Avem aici două explicații radical diferite
pentru motivul pentru care atât de mulți profesori-subiecți au fost dispuși să
renunțe la simțul lor de responsabilitate personală de dragul unei figuri cu
autoritate instituțională. Problema biologilor, psihologilor și antropologilor este de
a stabili care dintre aceste două explicații polare este mai plauzibilă. Aceasta este,
în esență, problema sociobiologiei moderne - să descopere în ce măsură
programarea genetică cablată dictează, sau cel puțin influențează puternic,
interacțiunea animalelor și a oamenilor cu mediul înconjurător, adică
comportamentul lor. Altfel spus, sociobiologia este preocupată de elucidarea bazei
biologice a tuturor comportamentelor.
 3. Choose one of the two underlined translation issues, explain why it is problematic
and justify your translation solution.

The word ‘’ hard-wired’’ would impose difficulty in translating because the translator might not know
that this word has 2 meanings. The first one is : ‘’ A computer or electronic device that is hardwired
is built to work in a particular way and you cannot change the way it performs with new software,
etc.’’ and the second and correect one is ‘’ If someone or something is hardwired to do
a particular thing, they automatically do it and cannot change that behaviour’’