Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Suport Curs Engleza
Suport Curs Engleza
curs
COMUNICARE IN LIMBA
ENGLEZA
-suport de curs-
Lectori:
Ex. On Monday, I have a very important meeting. (Luni am o intalnire foarte importanta)
Sunday is my favorite day of the week. (Duminica este ziua mea preferata din saptamana)
We will get married in June. (Noi ne vom casatori in luna iunie)
I always have breakfast in this restaurant. (Eu intotdeauna servesc micul dejun in restaurantul acesta)
I like Christmas more than I like Easter, but I like spring more than I like winter. (Imi place Craciunul mai
mult decat imi place Pastele, dar imi place primavara mai mult decat imi place iarna)
3. Cu nume de materiale, materie prima, substante la modul general:
Ex. My ring is made of gold. (Inelul meu este confectionat din aur)
They drink coffee. (Ei/ele beau cafea sunt bautori de cafea)
He eats bread and butter in the morning. (El mananca paine si/cu unt dimineata)
Putem intalni insa si urmatoarele constructii:
The gold is in the bedroom. (Aurul este in dormitor se face referire la bijuterii)
The coffee is ready. (Cafeaua este gata iesire din sfera substantivelor folosite la general, catre
particular)
The tea is on the table. (Ceaiul este pe masa)
4. Substantivele la plural folosite generic nu primesc articol.
Ex. Books are good friends (Cartile sunt prieteni buni) = toate cartile din lume!
Children are a joy (Copiii sunt o bucurie)= toti copiii din lume!
Money are not the answer to all the problems. (Banii nu reprezinta raspunsul la toate problemele)
5. Cu membrii familiei nu folosim articol:
Ex. Father is in the back yard. (Tata este in curtea din spate)
Mother is helping me in the kitchen. (Mama ma ajuta in bucatarie)
I like to work with my brother. We make a good team. (Imi place sa lucrez cu fratele meu. Facem o
echipa buna)
6. Cu nume proprii nu folosim articol:
Ex. I know John and I know that he does not lie. (Il cunosc pe John si stiu ca el nu minte)
Please, tell Mary to come to the meeting. (Te rog, spune-i Mariei sa vina la sedinta)
DAR: Daca 2 interlocutori discuta despre un John si la un moment dat constata ca nu vorbesc de una si
aceeasi persoana, atunci apare urmatoarea diferentiere:
Ex. The John I know is not tall, he is short (John PE CARE IL CUNOSC EU nu este inalt, este scund).
Alte exceptii:
The breakfast you cook is great. (Micul dejun pe care il prepari tu este minunat)
The Picasso costs 2 mil $. (Tabloul pictat de Picasso costa 2 mil $)
Do you mean Mr. Smith who works in the first office, or other Mr. Smith?
20. You can fool some of people all time, and all people some of time, but you cant
fool all people all time.
21. When is ...... first day of ...... school?
22. I need pen because I cannot find mine.
23. children under 10 years old cannot enter the amusement park.
24. Mary found dog near park.
25. I am waiting for flowers that I ordered for my mothers birthday.
26. We must leave hotel at hour written on contract.
27. Do you like coffee in morning, or do you prefer tea?
28. I do not envy rich, but I pity poor.
29. Never trust woman with credit card.
30. Christmas and Easter are my favorite holidays of year.
31. I now pronounce you husband and wife.
32. man in black is Professor Brown at University in Bucharest.
33. I heard on radio that it will be rainy day.
34. He got a job as engineer at best-paid company in his town.
35. Do you like Rembrandt on wall of National Gallery?
36. My brother is prepared to leave school and join army.
37. My father usually reads Times , but today he is reading Daily News.
38. John was appointed as chairman of the board.
39. Which language do you speak better, German or English?
10
Majoritatea substantivelor terminate in f sau fe primesc s la forma de plural: belief beliefs, proof
proofs, cliff cliffs, etc.
Exista cateva substantive care transforma f sau fe in ves la forma de plural: knife knives, self
12
Hotelul are 24 de camere, 2 restaurante, piscina si terasa. Camerele sunt mari si curate, de diferite
dimensiuni si stiluri. Pretul pentru o noapte nu este foarte ridicat. Doamnele de la receptie sunt intotdeauna
foarte amabile cu clientii si au un zambet placut.
In apropierea hotelului se afla un parc micut in care turistii pot sa-si petreaca o parte din zi
plimbandu-se si admirand copacii si florile.
I.
Adjectivul este acea parte de vorbire care ne da mai multe informatii cu privire la substantivul determinat.
El nu isi schimba forma in functie de gen sau numar.
Ex. a tasty meal (o masa gustoasa), two tasty meals (doua mese gustoase)
a famous restaurant (un restaurant de renume/ faimos), two famous restaurants (doua restaurante de
renume/ faimoase)
13
Ex. Romanian universities have a good reputation. (Universitatile romanesti au o reputatie buna.)
2. Dimensiuni, marime si masuri: small (mic), tall (inalt despre oameni), high (inalt despre cladiri,
monumente etc.), large (mare), deep (adanc), shallow (superficial, putin adanc)
Ex. This is a high mountain. (Acesta este un munte inalt.)
3. Varsta: old (batran), young (tanar), ancient (antic, stravechi)
Ex. The old man was walking slowly, feeling his way with a stick. (Batranul mergea incet, pipaind drumul cu
un baston.)
4. Culoarea: yellow (galben), blue (albastru), green (verde), orange (portocaliu)
Ex. Do you prefer blue ink or black ink? (Preferi cerneala albastra sau neagra?)
5. Forma: rectanglular (dreptunghiular, -a), triangular (triunghiular, -a), oval (oval, -a, de forma ovala),
round (rotund, -a), square (patrat, -a)
Ex. A large, square box was placed in the middle of the oval table. (O cutie mare, patrata, era asezata in
mijlocul mesei ovale.)
6. Substanta/material (provenite in special din substantive si pastrand forma acestora): gold (din/de aur),
copper (din/de cupru), silk (din/de matase), silver (din argint, argintiu), brick (din caramida)
Ex. I bought myself a nice silk dress. (Mi-am cumparat o rochie dragut de matase.)
Adjective ca golden (provenit din substantivul gold), silky (provenit din substantivul silk) au un sens usor
diferit de adjectivele gold, silk, a caror forma este identica cu cea a substantivelor din care provin. Astfel, nu
putem spune a gold hair, ci a golden hair (un par auriu), nu a silk skin, ci a silky skin (o piele matasoasa).
7. Sentimente sau calitati: loving (iubitor), beautiful (frumos), intelligent (inteligent), spiteful (ranchiunos),
naughty (obraznic), playful (jucaus)
Ex. Handsome people are always much vainer than ugly people.(Oamenii frumosi sunt intotdeauna mult mai
vanitosi decat cei urati.)
8. Pareri, opinii sau judecati: interesting (interesant), fascinating (fascinant), repulsive (respingator), good
(bun), attractive (atragator)
Ex. I have met some very interesting people. (Am intalnit niste oameni foarte interesanti)
14
- superlativ, cu cele dou forme: superlativ relativ: the largest (cel mai mare)
superlativ absolut: very large (foarte mare).
Pentru adjectivele formate dintr-o silaba vom utiliza terminatiile:
- er than (mai decat)
the - est (cel mai)
Formarea comparativului si superlativului relativ este prezentata in cele ce urmeaza.
High
higher
highest
Tall
taller
tallest
Long
longer
longest
Nice
nicer
nicest
Adjectivele formate dintr-o silaba (consoana + o vocala + consoana) vor dubla consoana
finala
Big
bigger
biggest
Fat
fatter
fattest
Tender
Yellow
Pentru adjectivele formate din trei sau mai multe silabe vom utiliza:
more + adj + than (decat)
the most + adj + than (decat)
Comfortable
most comfortable
Careless
most careless
Interesting
most interesting
Ex. John is happier than George. (John este mai fericit decat George.)
I have a more comfortable armchair than my neighbour. (Am un fotoliu mai confortabil decat vecinul
meu.)
Superlativul relativ este precedat fie de articolul hotarat the, fie de un alt determinant.
15
Ex. Paul is the tallest pupil in this class. (Paul este cel mai inalt elev din aceasta clasa.)
You are my closest friend. (Tu esti cel mai apropiat prieten al meu.)
Forme neregulate
Urmatoarele adjective fac exceptie de la regula:
Little
less
least
Far
further / farther
furthest / farthest
Good
better
best
Bad
worse
worst
Old
older / elder
oldest / eldest
Much / many
more
most
Ex. I have had worse headaches than this. (Am avut dureri de cap mai rele decat asta.)
This is my best painting. (Aceasta este cea mai buna pictura a mea.)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
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2.
MODEL:
This girl is thin/ that boy.
This girl is thinner than that boy.
This girl is the thinnest.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
3.
a)close / closer
d) the strongest / the weakest
g) sad / happier
j) many / more
b) older / younger
e) easier / more difficult
h) late / the latest
k) bad / the worst
4.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
5.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
17
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
Problem difficult
Peter hard-working
Car expensive
Trip adventurous
Woman modest
John respectful
My sister intelligent
My grandmothers armchair comftortable
This restaurant famous
7.
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
8.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
9.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
10. Completati frazele din tabelul A cu finalul care li se potriveste, din tabelul B:
A
a) The sooner
b) The warmer the weather
B
1. the merrier
2. the fewer things we can afford to buy
18
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
10
ten
11
eleven
12
twelve
13
thirteen
14
fourteen
15
fifteen
16
sixteen
17
seventeen
18
eighteen
19
nineteen
20
twenty
20
twenty
21
twenty-one
22
twenty-two
23
twenty-three
24
twenty-four
25
twenty-five
26
twenty-six
27
twenty-seven
28
twenty-eight
19
29
twenty-nine
20
twenty
30
thirty
40
forty
50
fifty
60
sixty
70
seventy
80
eighty
90
ninety
33
thirty-three
41
forty-one
55
fifty-five
66
sixty-six
74
seventy-four
88
eighty-eight
97
ninety-seven
100
100 = one hundred
101 = one hundred and one
154 = one hundred and fifty-four
1.000
1,000 = "one thousand".
1,132 = one thousand one hundred and thirty-two
1,951= one thousand nine hundred and fifty-one
a) 100
Pentru toate numerele compuse din 3 cifre (254, 776, 991...), este suficient sa indicam cate sute avem,
adaugand AND, urmand zecile si unitatile.
Exemplu:
101 = one hundred and one
154 = one hundred and fifty-four
b) 1.000
Spre deosebire de cazul sutelor, miile NU vor mai fi urmate de AND, care se va pastra in cazul sutelor:
1,132 = one thousand one hundred AND thirty-two
1,951= one thousand nine hundred AND fifty-one
b) 1.000.000
"1.000.000", spunem "one million".
1,725,321 = | one million | seven hundred and twenty-five thousand | three hundred and twenty-one.
SA ADRESAM INTREBARI !
Putem avea nevoie de diverse informatii care implica numere, cum ar fi varsta cuiva, inaltimea, greutatea,
distante, durata in timp si alte asemenea informatii:
How tall is he? (Cat este de inalt el ?)
How old are you? (Cati ani ai ?)
How far is Bucharest ? (Cat de departe este Bucuresti-ul ?)
How much does it weigh ? (Cat cantareste acesta/aceasta ?)
How long must I wait ? (Cat de mult trebuie sa astept ?)
20
21
22
Intrebuintari:
Locul intr-o insiruire.
Data: in Marea Britanie se foloseste intotdeauna forma unui numeral ordinal pentru a indica data. De
asemenea, secolele vor fi enuntate cu ajutorul numeralului ordinal. In limba romana, spunem secolul
21, dar in limba engleza el va fi sub forma: secolul al 21-lea = the twenty-first century/ the 21 st
century
Exemple:
21st July (the twenty-first of July)
June 4th (the fourth of June)
23 April, 1989 (the twenty-third of April nineteen eighty-nine)
December 29 (the twenty-ninth of December)
Fractii:
1/2 se citeste one half
3/4 se citeste three quarters
7/8 se citeste seven eights
23
24
j)
k)
25
Persoana
Nominativ
(forma neaccentuat)
Dativ Acuzativ
(forma
accentuat)
masculin
I (eu)
you (tu)
he (el)
me
you
him
feminin
she (ea)
her
neutru
it
we (noi)
you (voi)
they (ei, ele)
it
us
you
them
Genul
I
II
Singular
III
Plural
Ex:
I
II
III
26
Tell them to come home. It is getting late. (Spune-le sa vina acasa. Se face tarziu.)
Retineti! a) It se foloseste pentru a nominaliza orice cu exceptia fiintelor umane.
Ex. It is a wild cat. (Acesta este o pisica salbatica.)
b) Its (pronume posesiv) nu se scrie cu apostrof.
Ex. Its tail is very long. (Coada sa este foarte lunga.)
Atentie: a nu se confunda its (pronume posesiv) cu its (pronume personal + verb), constructie ce provine din
it+is, sau it +has.
Ex. Its a nice morning. It is a nice morning. (Este o dimineata frumoasa.)
c) It demonstrativ
Ex. I see you have something in your hand. What is it? (Vad ca ai ceva in mana. Ce este (lucrul acesta)?)
d) It impersonal
Ex. It was two oclock in the afternoon when she came to my place. (Era ora 2 dupa-amiaza cand ea a venit
acas la mine.)
Pronumele personal la persoana I-a singular I se scrie intotdeauna cu majuscula.
Ex. You and I will be good friends. (Tu si eu vom fi prieteni buni.)
pentru apropiere
Singular
this (acesta, aceasta)
Plural
these (acestia, acestea)
(HERE -aici)
pentru departare
(THERE -acolo)
Ex. This is a very nice restaurant. (Acesta este un restaurant foarte dragut)
That is a wonderful present for your wife. (Acela este un minunat cadou pentru sotia ta)
These are the exercises for next week. (Acestea sunt exercitiile pentru saptamana viitoare)
Those are my neighbours. (Aceia sunt vecinii mei)
Alte cuvinte cum ar fi such (asemenea), the same (acelasi/aceeasi), so (astfel), the other (celalalt, cealalta),
the others (ceilalti, celelalte), the latter (ultimul) pot fi incluse in lista pronumelor demonstrative.
Ex. The others are not part of our team. (Ceilalti nu fac parte din echipa noastra.)
Dac pronumele demonstrativ precede un substantiv, devine adjectiv demonstrativ.
Ex. This car is red. (Aceasta masina este rosie.)
27
The other boys are not with us. (Ceilalti baieti nu sunt cu noi.)
That boy can already drive his fathers car. (Acel baiat poate deja sa conduca masina tatalui sau)
These roses will look great in our garden. (Acesti trandafiri vor arata minunat in gradina noastra)
She is not the same woman that I saw yesterday. (Ea nu este aceeasi femeie pe care am vazut-o ieri)
Genul
Plural
ours (al nostru
yours (al vostru)
masculin
Numrul
Singular
mine (al meu)
yours (al tau)
his (al lui)
feminin
hers (a ei)
neutru
I
II
III
Ex. This book is not yours, I will not let you take it. (Aceasta carte nu este a ta, nu te voi lasa sa o iei)
These documents are his, I dont think you should read them. (Aceste documente sunt ale lui, nu cred ca
ar trebui sa le citesti.)
Gen
Numr
Singular
II
III
masculin
feminin
neutru
Plural
ourselves (noi)
insine
yourselves (voi)
insiva
themselves (ei,
ele) insisi, insele
Ex. I told myself that things would be OK in the end. (Mi-am spus mie insumi/insami ca lucrurile vor fi OK
in cele din urma.)
You did this by yourselves. (Ati facut acest lucru voi insiva.)
28
The dog bit itself in a fit of rage/rabies. (Cainele s-a muscat pe sine insusi intr-o criza de turbare.)
29
Pronume relative: who(care- doar pentru fiinte umane), which (care- nu se foloseste pentru fiinte umane),
whom, whose, that (acela, aceea (pe care)).
Ex. The boy who crosses the street is my brother. (Baiatul care traverseaza strada este fratele meu)
Which introduce informatii suplimentare dar care pot fi omise fara a se schimba intelesul frazei.
Ex. The book which my mother is reading is on the table. (Cartea pe care o citeste mama mea este pe masa.)
Aceasta propozitie are sens chiar daca subordonata which my mother bought from the library este omisa:
The book was on a shelf.
Alte pronume relative: what, whoever (oricine), whatever (orice, oricare, indiferent ce), whichever (orice).
Ex. Whatever the future might bring, you will always be my best friend. (Orice s-ar intampla in viitor, tu vei
fi mereu prietenul meu cel mai bun.)
30
Oameni
-body
-one
some- somebody (cineva)
someone (cineva)
anyanybody (oricine)
anyone (oricine)
nonobody (nimeni)
no one (nici un, o)
every- everybody (toti)
everyone (oricine)
Ex. Someone is at the door. (Cineva este la usa.)
lucruri
-thing
something (ceva)
anything (orice)
nothing (nimic)
everything (totul)
locuri
-where
somewhere (undeva)
anywhere (oriunde)
nowhere (nicaieri)
everywhere (peste tot)
Everywhere you go, remember to take your ID with you. (Oriunde mergi, nu uita sa-ti iei actele de
identitate cu tine.)
Nothing happened. (Nu s-a intamplat nimic.)
!Retineti: in propozitiile afirmative, se folosesc formele compuse cu some, iar in propozitiile interogative si
in cele negative, formele compuse cu any.
Ex. I see someone in the garden. (Vad pe cineva in gradina.)
Do you see anyone in the garden? (Tu vezi pe cineva in gradina?)
I do not see anyone in the garden. (Nu vad pe nimeni in gradina.)
Alte pronume nehotarate: another (alt, -a, alti, -e), others (ceilalti, altii), one (cineva), both (amandoi,
amandoua, ambii, ambele), either (fiecare), neither (nimeni), all (toti), each (fiecare), some (cativa, unii, o
parte), any (orice), little (putin), a little (putin), few (cativa), a few (cativa), much (mult), many (multi),
several (mai multi), enough (indeajuns, suficient).
Ex. Few came to his birthday. (Putini au venit la ziua lui de nastere)
- When I came, the room was full of people. A few sat on a couch by the window, several were playing cards,
some were talking about the weather, and all were very happy. (Cand am ajuns, camera era plina de oameni.
Cativa sedeau pe o canapea lang fereastra, mai multi jucau carti, unii vorbeau despre vreme, si toti erau
foarte fericiti.)
- Do you have money on you? I have a little. (Ai bani la tine? Am ceva / am cativa.)
- Much was written about this novel. (S-a scris mult despre acest roman.)
- I saw the others the day before yesterday. (I-am vazut pe ceilalti alataieri.)
- Would you like a peach or a pear? Neither. (Vrei o piersica sau o para? Nici una nici alta.)
31
4. Completati spatiile libere cu pronumele posesiv: (mine, yours, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
32
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)
o)
p)
q)
33
s)
t)
u)
v)
w)
x)
y)
z)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
j)
34
q) She put her handbag down where, and now she cannot find it.
r) Will you have coffee or tea?
s) Havent you got friends in Rome? You talk about them all the time.
t)
Havent you got friends here? You should get out more often.
Adjectiv
First (prim)
Slow (incet)
Stupid (prost)
35
Powerful (puternic)
Ex. He stupidly threw his money away on drink. (El si-a aruncat banii prosteste, pe bautura.)
The old woman was slowly walking on the road side. (Batrana mergea incet pe marginea drumului.)
Modificari ortografice:
36
37
Adverbe de fecventa: frequently (in mod frecvent), normally (in mod normal), occasionally (ocazional),
generally (in general), often (des), regularly (in mod regulat), sometimes (cateodata), usually (de obicei).
Retineti!
Yet se foloseste in propozitii interogative sau negative:
Ex. Havent you taken lunch yet? (Nu ai luat inca pranzul?)
I have not taken lunch yet. (Nu am luat inc pranzul.)
Still exprima ideea de continuitate. Se foloseste in propozitii afirmative sau interogative.
Ex. I am still having lunch. (Inca iau pranzul.)
Are you still thinking of him? (Inca te mai gandesti la el?)
Daca este nevoie de mai multe adverbe de timp in aceeasi propozitie ordinea lor va fi: adverbe de durata, de
frecventa, de timp.
Ex. I sleep for one hour every afternoon. (Dorm o ora in fiecare dupa amiaza.)
38
Ex: The museum is right ahead. (Muzeul este chiar in fata) indica locatia muzeului
I am going ahead. (Eu merg in fata) - indica directia
39
Ex. Is the weather warm enough to take a sun bath? (Este vremea destul de calda pentru a face o baie de
soare?) determin adjectivul warm
I have said enough to make you understand the situation. (Am spus destul pentru a te face sa intelegi
situatia.) determina verbul to say
He spoke English fluently enough. (El vorbea engleza destul de fluent.) determina adverbul fluently
- Too inseamna "prea ..." si se aseaza in fata adjectivului sau adverbului:
Ex. The soup is too hot. (Supa este prea fierbinte.) (determina adjectivul hot)
He walked too slowly. (El mergea prea incet.) (determina adverbul slowly)
Cand too determina verbul, inseamna de asemenea, si, NU prea:
Ex. She loves flowers, too. (Si ea iubeste florile.)
- Very intareste sensul unui adjectiv sau adverb si se aseaza in fata acestora. Serveste la formarea
superlativului absolut:
Ex. This mountain is very high. (Acest munte este foarte inalt.) (determina adjectivul high)
They spoke very nicely. (Ei au vorbit foarte frumos) (determina adverbul nicely)
Ca si adjectivul, adverbul are grade de comparatie:
Pozitiv: He breathed heavily. (El respira greu.)
Comparativ: He breathed more heavily than ever. (El respira mai greu ca niciodata.)
Superlativ: He breathes very heavily. (El respira foarte greu.)
hopeful .;
immediate ;
late ;
lovely ;
lucky .;
motherly ;
near ;
noble ..;
noisy ..;
patient ;
poor ;
sensible ..;
sudden ;
wrong .
40
41
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)
It was a good price for the book that everybody bought one.
The meeting was important that all of the members were present.
I have never read a strange story.
We havent had bad weather for a long time.
I was excited about the promotion that I couldnt sleep.
She saw a boring film that she almost fell asleep.
7. Completati fiecare propozitie cu too sau enough si unul dintre urmatoarele adjective: dark, deep,
difficult, early, heavy, interesting, late, loud, old, rich, thirsty, well:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
They didnt catch the train because they didnt leave home .
You are . to understand such things.
Our neighbours cant sleep because the music in our room is ..
We couldnt solve that problem because it was .
We were to drink a well dry.
We couldnt take a photograph because it is . here.
The cupboard was .. to be moved by the child.
This book is .. to be read by all of you.
They couldnt hear her voice because she was . away.
Mr. Brown is to afford such an expensive car.
We got to the theatre ... and so we missed the first act.
This river is . to be crossed.
George spoke ... to win the speech prize.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Ill be waiting for you (in the morning; at the station; at 9 oclock).
They are going (for two weeks; to France; on Monday).
This woman stayed (all day; quietly; here).
The plane arrived (that day; early).
The employees were working (at the factory; very hard; yesterday).
I was born (on February 21st; in the year 1978; at 8 oclock).
He is singing (here; now; beautifully).
Clasificarea prepozitiilor:
Exista trei criterii de clasificare a prepozitiilor:
1) dupa forma
2) dupa continut
3) dupa caz
Doar primele doua criterii sunt relevante pentru studiul prepozitiilor din limba engleza.
1)
Dupa forma prepozitiile se clasifica astfel :
a) Prepozitii simple : by (cu, de catre), for (pentru), from (din, de la), in (in), of (de), on (pe), to (la, catre),
42
43
- Prepozitii care sugereaza destinatia relativa: from (de la, din), to (la), on (to) (pe la), in (in) etc.
Ex. He comes from the South. (El vine din sud.)
Prepozitiile cu un continut semantic abstract indica relatiile de temporalitate:
- Prepozitii de timp : at (la), in (la), on (la), before (inainte de), until (pana la, pana cand)
Ex. Come to me at five oclock! (Vino la mine la ora cinci!)
If you cannot make it on time, do not bother to come at all. (Daca nu poti sa vii la timp, nu te mai obosi
sa vii deloc.)
I will be there in ten minutes. (Voi fi acolo In zece minute.)
Come before noon. (Vino inainte de amiaza.)
- Prepozitii care arata durata: for (timp de), through (de pana)
Ex. He was out of the country for three months. (El a lipsit din tara timp de trei luni.)
o Prepozitii care arata succesiunea in timp: after (dupa), from (de la), since (de la, din)
ex.: He lived here since his mothers death. (El a locuit aici de la moartea mamei lui.)
Urmatoarele cuvinte nu sunt prepozitii, ci adverbe: downstairs (jos, la parter), downtown (In ora), upstairs
(sus, la etaj), uptown (In centru). Ele nu sunt urmate de niciun substantiv:
Ex. She climbed upstairs. (Ea a urcat la etaj.)
Cuvinte ca inside, outside, beneath, behind, under etc pot fi i adverbe, i prepozitii (cand sunt urmate de
substantiv).
Ex. He disappeared inside. (El disparu inauntru.) adverb
He disappeared inside the big old house. (El disparu in casa mare i veche.) prepozitie
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dedesubtul); Including (si, inclusiv); Past (pe langa, dincolo de); With (cu); Beneath (sub); In front of (in
fata); Pending (in timpul); Within (inauntrul, in); Beside (langa, alaturi de); Without (fara).
Verbe + Prepozitii
Exista o serie de verbe care cer anumite prepozitii. Astfel:
Agree on something (a cadea de accord asupra a ceva), dar:
Agree with somebody (a cadea de accord cu cineva)
Charge with (a acuza de)
Live for (a trai pentru)
Provide for somebody (a face ceea ce este necesar pentru cineva, a intretine pe cineva)
Approve of somebody (a aproba pe cineva)
Decide on (a se hotari asupra)
Result from (a rezulta din)
Ask for (a cere, a se interesa de)
Excuse from (a scuti de)
Talk about (a vorbi despre)
Bring up (a creste, a educa)
Grow up (a creste, a educa)
Work for (a munci pentru)
Accuse of (a acuza de)
Ask for (a solicita)
De asemenea, exista unele substantive care formeaza expresii fixe cu anumite prepozitii: by train (cu trenul),
by car (cu maina), by plane (cu avionul), at work (la munca), in jail (In Inchisoare), in bed (In pat), on foot
(pe jos), on earth (pe pamant), at present (In prezent), in the end (In cele din urma, In final), at the same time
(In acelai timp).
45
university.............. 2005..............the age of 24. 16. He cooked the soup .............. half an hour. 17. The clients
are .................... their tables ..................... the restaurant.18. He arrived .................. the middle of the meeting.
19. The waiter puts the plates .......................the table.
II. Completati spatiile punctate cu prepozitiile: during, for sau in:
1.He waited ............. the rain ..............two hours. 2. I visited several museums ...............my stay in
London. 3. Our manager will be ...........Bucharest .............5 days. 4. Mary broke her arm...............the match.
6. Yesterday it rained ............two hours. 7. ............the holiday, the children got seek. 8. My brother will be
away.................. the weekend. 9. In Romania, children go to school ...............September. 10. He
cooked .............3 hours this afternoon.
III. Alegeti varianta corecta:
1. They met quite.......chance.
a) with;
b) by;
c) of.
2. They got......the bus and walked to the store.
a) out;
b) outside;
c) off.
3. The waiter appologized .......being so late.
a) at;
b) to;
c) for.
4. There is no need ........her to go to the hospital
a) into;
b) of;
c) for.
5.He will be.........holiday on July.
a) for;
b) with;
c) on.
7.
a)
b)
c)
8.
a)
b)
c)
III.
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3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
TO BE = A FI (Prezent)
Afirmativ
Negativ
I am eu sunt
I am not eu nu sunt
Interogativ
Am I? sunt eu?
47
TO BE = A FI (Trecut)
Afirmativ
Negativ
I was eu am fost
You were tu ai fost
He was el a fost
She was ea a fost
It was el, ea a fost
We were noi am fost
You were voi ati fost
They were ei, ele au fost
Interogativ
Was I? am fost eu?
Were you? ai fost tu?
Was he? a fost el?
Was she? a fost ea?
Was it? a fost ea, el?
Were we? am fost noi?
Were you? ati fost voi?
Were they? au fost ei, ele?
Afirmativ
Negativ
I have eu am
You have tu ai
He has el are
She has ea are
It has el, ea are
We have noi avem
You have voi aveti
They have ei, ele au
Interogativ
Have I? am eu?
Have you? ai tu?
Has he? are el?
Has she? are ea?
Has it? are ea, el?
Have we? avem noi?
Have you? aveti voi?
Have they? au ei, ele?
Afirmativ
Negativ
I had eu am avut
You had tu ai avut
He had el a avut
She had ea a avut
It had el, ea a avut
We had noi am avut
Interogativ
Had I? am avut eu?
Had you? ai avut tu?
Had he? a avut el?
Had she? a avut ea?
Had it? a avut ea, el?
Had we? am avut noi?
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Negativ
I do eu fac
You do tu faci
He does el face
She does ea face
It does el, ea face
We do noi facem
You do voi faceti
They do ei, ele fac
Interogativ
Do I? fac eu?
Do you? faci tu?
Does he? face el?
Does she? face ea?
Does it? face ea, el?
Do we? facem noi?
Do you? faceti voi?
Do they? fac ei, ele?
Verbul TO DO (Trecut)
Afirmativ
Negativ
I did eu am facut
You did tu ai facut
He did el a facut
She did ea a facut
It did el, ea a facut
We did noi am facut
You did voi ati facut
They did ei, ele au facut
Interogativ
Did I? am facut eu?
Did you? ai facut tu?
Did he? a facut el?
Did she? a facut ea?
Did it? a facut ea, el?
Did we? am facut noi?
Did you? ati facut voi?
Did they? au facut ei, ele?
Verbul to do serveste, ca auxiliar, la formarea aspectelor negativ si interogativ ale Prezentului Simplu:
Ex.: I do not cook = Eu nu gatesc
Do I cook? = Gatesc eu?
Negativ
I do not (dontt)speak = eu nu vorbesc
You do not (dont) speak = tu nu vorbesti
He does not(doesnt)speak = el nu vorbeste
She does not(doesnt)speak = ea nu vorbeste
It does not(doesnt)speak = el, ea nu vorbeste
Interogativ
Do I speak? = vorbesc eu?
Do you speak? = Vorbesti tu?
Does he speak? = Vorbeste el?
Does she speak? = Vorbeste ea?
Does it speak? = Vorbeste el, ea?
49
Din punct de vedere al formarii, Prezentul Simplu este identic cu infinitivul scurt , la toate persoanele
singular si plural , cu exceptia persoanei a-III-a singular, care adauga terminatia s sau es.
Observatii:
1. Dupa verbele terminate in ss (to kiss = a saruta), -sh (to wash = a spala), -ch (to watch = a privi), -x (to
box = a boxa), -o (to go = a merge) se adauga terminatia es.
2. Verbele terminate in y precedat de o consoana, transforma -y in i si adauga terminatia es. Ex. I carry (eu
car) he carries (el cara).
3. Verbele terminate in y precedat de o vocala, formeaza persoana a treia dupa regula obisnuita. Ex. I play
he plays.
9.2. UTILIZARE:
Pentru a exprima adevaruri general-valabile: Ice melts in the sun.(Gheata se topeste la soare);
Pentru a exprima actiuni repetate/obisnuite: We go to school every day.(Noi mergem la scoala in fiecare
zi); Asemenea actiuni sunt de obicei insotite de adverbe ca: every (in fiecare) + day, week, month, year (zi,
saptamana, luna,an), never (niciodata), occasionally (ocazional), often (adesea), usually (de obicei);
In propozitii exclamative care incep cu here (aici) sau there (acolo): Ex. Here they come! (Uite-i!)
I am a student.
Mrs. Black is a housewife.
He is tall.
You are a little boy.
They are schoolgirls.
We are students
She is Romanian.
John is at home.
I am late.
50
1.
Are you a student (economist)? 2. Am I an engineer (teacher)? 3. Is she a typist (lawyer)? 4. Are we all
doctors (students)? 5. Is he an Englishman (a Romanian)? 6. Is Bob a schoolboy (doctor)? 7. Is Jane a
ballerina (schoolgirl)? 8. Are you tall (short)?
V. Traduceti in limba engleza:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
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We ........live in a village.
Mother ............cook in the bedroom.
You......go to school in the evening.
I......speak German.
Father .....plant trees in winter.
You......write many letters.
Diana.........come home late.
John .....want to go there tomorrow.
Negativ
Interogativ
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In limba engleza, aspectul continuu al oricarui timp se formeaza intotdeauna cu ajutorul verbului auxiliar to
be, la care se adauga verbul de conjugat cu terminatia ing.
Observatii:
1. consoana finala se dubleaza daca vocala care o precede este scurta si accentuata: stop stopping, travel travelling
2. y final se pastreaza, indiferent daca este precedat de consoana sau vocala: play playing; study
studying.
3. terminatia ie se transforma in - y : lie lying, die - dying
4. e final se omite: have having
*exceptii: agree agreeing, be being, see seeing.
10.2 UTILIZARE:
Spre deosebire de Prezentul simplu, care arata o actiune obisnuita, regulata, acest timp descrie o actiune
imediata, care se desfasoara in momentul vorbirii.
De aceea, nu vom intalni la acest timp urmatoarele verbe:
- to like (a placea)
- to want (a vrea)
- to love (a iubi)
- to hate (a uri)
- to be (a fi)
- to need (a avea nevoie)
- to have (a avea) cand e vorba de membrii familiei:
Ex. I have a brother = eu am un frate (prezentul simplu)
Prezentul Continuu se foloseste:
pentru a exprima o actiune care se desfasoara in momentul vorbirii: They are speaking English.
dupa un verb la imperative care indeamna vorbitorul sa observe desfasurarea unei actiuni in momentul
vorbirii: Look! It is snowing!
pentru a exprima o actiune temporara , care iese din caracterul de obisnuinta: They usually go to work in
the morning, but, today they are going to work in the afternoon.
pentru a exprima o actiune viitoare, care face parte dintr-un plan personal de viitor: She is giving a party
next Sunday.
Adverbele care se folosesc cu Prezentul Continuu sunt: now (acum), right now (chiar acum), at this moment
(in acest moment).
- Urmatoarele verbe nu se folosesc la aspect continuu:
Verbe de perceptie: to feel (a simti), to hear (a auzi), to notice (a observa), to see (a vedea), to smell (a
mirosi), to taste (a gusta).
ex. The soup smells good. (Supa miroase bine)
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Verbe care exprima activitati mentale: to agree (a fi de accord), to believe (a crede), to distrust (a nu
avea incredere), to doubt (a se indoi), to find (a gasi), to forget (a uita), to guess (a ghici), to imagine (a-si
imagina), to know (a sti), to mean (a insemna), to mind (a se supara), to remember (a-si aminti), to
recognize (a recunoaste), to regard (a privi), to suppose (a presupune), to think(that) (a crede ca), to trust
(a avea incredere), to understand (a intelege), etc.
ex. I think you are right. (Cred ca ai dreptate.)
Verbe care exprima dorinta: to desire (a dori), to intend (a intentiona sa), to want (a vrea), to wish (a
dori), etc.
ex. I want to call him. (Vreau sa il sun.)
Verbe care exprima atitudini, sentimente, stari emotionale: to adore (a adora), to detest (a detesta), to
dislike (a detesta, a displacea), to like (a placea), to love (a iubi), to hate (a uri), to please (a face pe plac),
to prefer (a prefera), etc.
ex. I like this film. (Imi place acest film.)
Verbe care exprima posesia: to belong to (a apartine), to have (a avea), to keep (a tine, a pastra, a
continua sa), to owe (a datora), to own (a poseda, a avea), to possess (a poseda, a detine):
ex. This boy belongs to his family. (Acest baiat apartine familiei lui)
to make
to die
to drop
to cry
to go
to travel
to listen
to regret
to free
to sing
to try
to explain
to study
to cancel
to enter
to see
to lie
to visit
It raining today.
I listening to the teacher.
The teacher explaining the new lesson right now.
Caroline writing a composition at the moment.
Tom and Jim studying their lesson.
Father coming from his office.
Mary walking home now.
My grandparentswatching TV now.
The cat sleeping by the fire.
Dan and I.going to the dance now.
I feeling well, thank you.
My friends. singing an old song at the moment.
Our teacher explaining the new words.
54
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
55
Mother (washes; is washing) the dishes every evening after dinner. i) John (does; is doing) his homework
right now.
2. Gasiti forma corecta a verbului din paranteza si treceti propozitiile la forma negativa si cea
afirmativa:
a) They (to learn) English now. b) The girl (to make) a cake at the moment. c) I (to get up) at 7 oclock in the
morning. d) I (to read) a new book now. e) We (to leave) in a big house. f) You (to write) a letter to Mary now.
g) My sister (to kiss) her son every morning. h) We (to translate) the lesson now. i) I always (to like) to travel
by train.
3. Completati propozitiile cu adverbele corespunzatoare timpului folosit:
a) I am going to the theatre
c) We watch T.V.
i)
I am selling my car
j)
56
j)
Negativ
I did not (didntt)speak = eu nu am vorbit
You did not (didnt) speak = tu nu ai vorbit
Interogativ
Did I speak? = am vorbit eu?
Did you speak? = Ai vorbit tu?
57
He spoke = el a vorbit
She spoke = ea a vorbit
It spoke = el, ea a vorbit
We spoke = noi am vorbit
You spoke = voi ati vorbit
They spoke = ei, ele au
vorbit
Trecutul Simplu exprima o actiune trecuta si terminata, care nu are legatura cu momentul prezent sau efect in
prezent.
Observatie:
Din punct de vedere al formarii acestui timp, verbele din limba engleza se impart in doua categorii:
1. verbe regulate care formeaza trecutul prin adaugarea terminatiei ed: Ex. to work worked;
2. verbe neregulate, cu o forma specifica de trecut , ce se gaseste in lista verbelor neregulate, pe a doua
coloana: Ex. To go went - gone
* Verbele terminate in y precedat de consoana, schimba y in i.
** Verbele terminate in e adauga doar d.
11.2 UTILIZARE:
Trecutul Simplu se foloseste:
pentru a exprima o actiune trecuta si terminata , care nu are legatura cu momentul prezent si a carei
perioada de desfasurare nu este precis specificata: Ex. She ate a cake yesterday.
Pentru a exprima actiuni repetate care faceau parte dintr-o obisnuinta trecuta: Ex. He always spoke to me
nicely.
Pentru a exprima o actiune trecuta care nu are relevanta pentru prezent: Ex. He worked for that restaurant
for two years.
Adverbele specifice Trecutului Simplu sunt:
yesterday (ieri)
last + compusi = last week (saptamana trecuta), last month (luna trecuta), last year (anul trecut)
compusi +ago = a month ago (acum o luna), a year ago (acum un an), a week ago (acum o saptamana)
in + year = in 1945 (in anul 1945)
adverbe de frecventa = always (intotdeauna), often (adesea), seldom (rareori), etc
58
59
Negativ
I was not (wasnt)speaking = eu nu vorbeam
Interogativ
Was I speaking? = vorbeam eu?
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Trecutul continuu exprima o actiune trecuta si terminata, care nu are legatura sau efect in momentul prezent
si care se afla in proces de desfasurare la un anumit moment din trecut.
Observatie
In limba engleza, aspectul continuu al oricarui timp se formeaza cu ajutorul verbului auxiliar to be la forma de
trecut la care se adauga verbul de conjugat cu terminatia ing.
12.2 UTILIZARE:
Trecutul continuu se foloseste:
a exprima o actiune aflata in desfasurare intr-un moment din trecut: They were reading a novel on this
time yesterday.
a exprima o actiune aflata in desfasurare intr-un moment din trecut, intrerupta de o alta actiune: Mother
was cooking when I came home.
a exprima doua actiuni aflate in plina desfasurare simultan: Tom was singing while father was watching
T.V.
a exprima actiuni repetate fata de care exista o atitudine de dezaprobare: My sister was always asking me
silly questions.
Adverbele specifice Trecutului Continuu sunt:
at/on this time + compusi = at this time yesterday (ieri pe vremea asta); at this time last week
(saptamana trecuta pe vremea asta); at this time last year (anul trecut pe vremea asta); etc.
at five oclock yesterday (ieri la ora 5);
from 10 to 14 oclock yesterday (ieri de la ora 10 la ora 14).
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62
63
Afirmativ
I shall speak = eu voi vorbi
You will speak = tu vei vorbi
He will speak = el va vorbi
She will speak = ea va vorbi
It will speaking = el, ea va
vorbi
We shall speak = noi vom
vorbi
You will speak = voi veti vorbi
They will speak = ei, ele vor
vorbi
Negativ
Interogativ
Viitorul desemneaza un eveniment (o actiune) viitoare care nu are limite de desfasurare precis specificate.
Se formeaza cu shall si will si infinitivul scurt al verbului de conjugat.
13.2 UTILIZARE
Timpul viitor se foloseste pentru a exprima o actiune viitoare ale carei limite de desfasurare nu sunt precis
specificate: I shall call him up tomorrow. (Il voi suna maine).
Adverbele specifice timpului viitor sunt:
tomorrow (maine);
tonight (diseara);
next + compusi = next week (saptamana viitoare); next year (anul viitor)
Alte modalitati de exprimare a viitorului:
to be going to (a avea de gand sa) pentru a exprima o intentie viitoare, un plan sau o decizie;
Ex: Dan is going to become a doctor.
to be to (a urma sa) pentru a exprima aranjamente viitoare;
Ex: He is to be fired.
64
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
III. Folositi to be going to pentru a exprima o intentie viitoare, un plan sau o decizie:
Model: We (to stay) in a hotel.
We are going to stay in a hotel.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
65
VII. Treceti propozitiile urmatoare la viitor, folosind si forma negativa, dupa model:
Model: They visit their friends (cousins).
They will visit their friends but they will not (wont) visit their cousins.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
66
Sunt urmate de verb la forma de infinitiv scurt (fara particula TO): Ex: I can sing (Eu pot canta);
I must stay (Eu trebuie sa raman); I may leave (Eu pot pleca/am permisiunea sa plec);
Nu primesc -s / -es la persoana a III-a singular Ex: he must, she can, it may, etc.
Acest lucru inseamna ca, pentru a putea exprima aceste verbe in toate celelalte timpuri, avem nevoie de niste
constructii ajutatoare, perfect sinonime in inteles, care sa ne permita utilizarea lor in timpul si la forma
dorita: Aceste constructii le regasim in cele ce urmeaza:
CAN are ca expresie echivalenta: to be able to
MAY are ca expresie echivalenta: to be allowed to
MUST are ca expresie echivalenta to have to
14.2. CAN
1. Exprima permisiunea (INFORMAL)
Ex. You can take my car for a ride. (Poti lua masina mea pentru a te plimba)
DAR: recomandare puternica in: You can forget about your holiday! (Poti sa-ti iei adio de la vacanta!)
It is not allowed to smoke here. (Nu este permis fumatul aici)- alta autoritate da permisiunea sau nu
2. Exprima posibilitatea atunci cand circumstantele o permit:
Ex. You can bathe here because the river is not polluted. (Te poti / va puteti scalda aici, deoarece raul nu este
poluat)
3. Exprima abilitatea fizica sau psihica:
Ex. I can speak English. (Pot vorbi limba engleza)
I can play the piano. (Pot canta la pian)
14.3. COULD
1. Pentru a exprima la trecut abilitati fizice sau mentale:
Ex. When she was young, she could skate very well. (Cand era tanara, putea sa patineze foarte bine)
In acest caz, could poate fi si el considerat sinonimul constructiei to be able to:
Ex. She knew Paris well, so she could / was able to advise us what to visit.
I dont know why Andrew could not / was not able to finish that exercise.
2. Pentru a exprima Conditionalul Prezent:
Ex. You could get there on time if you took a taxi. (Puteai sa ajungi acolo la timp, daca luai un taxi)
We could speak English well if we did our homework. (Noi am putea vorbi limba engleza bine, daca neam face temele)
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3. Pentru a exprima o cerinta politicoasa: acest gen de cerinta este chiar si mai politicoasa decat cu ajutorul
verbului can.
Ex. Could you show us the way to the railway station? (Ati putea sa imi aratati drumul catre gara?)
Could you answer me a few questions about your boss? (Ati putea sa imi raspundeti la cateva intrebari
despre seful dumneavoastra?)
14.4. MAY
1. Pentru a exprima permisiunea:
Ex. May I open the window? (Pot deschide fereastra?)
- Yes, you may. / No, you may not. (Da, poti. Nu, nu poti.)
2. Pentru a exprima posibilitatea:
Ex. You may know her. (Este posibil / se poate sa o cunosti)
It may rain this morning. (Este probabil sa ploua in aceasta dimineata) - It is possible, maybe, perhaps
3. Pentru a exprima o interdictie (anunturile oficiale):
Ex. Candidates may not bring dictionaries in the examination room. (Candidatii nu pot aduce dictionare in
sala de examen)
4. Pentru a exprima o urare:
Ex. May all your wishes come true! (Fie ca toate dorintele tale /voastre sa se implineasca!)
18.5. MIGHT
1. Exprima posibilitatea, mai vaga (incerta) decat cea exprimata prin may:
Ex. Your cousin might be in the garden now. (Poate ca varul tau este in gradina.)
2. Exprima conditionalul:
Ex. If you speak English, you might get that job. (Daca vorbesti limba engleza, poti/ ai o sansa sa obtii
slujba aceea nu este nimic garantat!)
3. Exprima indignarea, iritarea, sau reprosul:
Ex. You might look at me when I am talking to you! (Ai putea macar sa te uiti la mine cand iti vorbesc!)
She might come. She has nothing better to do. (Ar putea sa vina. Nu are oricum ceva mai bun de facut!)
4. Exprima nesiguranta:
Ex. I wonder who that tall man might be. (Ma intreb cine ar putea fi acel barbat inalt)
EXPRESIE: Try as I might, I cannot learn French. (Oricat as incerca, nu pot invata limba franceza)
14.6. MUST
1. Exprima obligatia impusa de vorbitor:
Ex. I must go to my room now. (Trebuie sa ma duc in camera mea acum)
DAR: daca obligatia vine din exterior, de la o autoritate pe care vorbitorul nu o poate controla, se
foloseste TO HAVE TO:
Ex. I have to tell my daughter a story whenever she wants me to. (Trebuie/ sunt nevoit sa-i spun fiicei mele o
poveste ori de cate ori imi cere acest lucru)
I really have to go now. There is a meeting at the office. (Chiar trebuie/ sunt nevoit sa plec acum. Este o
sedinta la birou)
2. La negativ (must not) exprima o actiune interzisa:
Ex. Cars must not park in front of banks! (Masinile nu pot fi parcate in fata bancilor!)
3. Exprima deductia, o concluzie logica, probabilitatea:
Ex. If she left at 7, she must be at the airport now. (Daca ea a plecat la ora 7, trebuie sa fie la aeroport acum)
It is very cold; it must have snowed in the mountains.
She must be at school now.
NEED: - to need = verb de sine statator (a avea nevoie)
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11. He was allowed/ permitted to come to the party. He will be allowed/ permitted to come to the party.
12. I had to learn the entire poem. I will have to learn the entire poem.
13. You were allowed/ permitted to speak at the conference. You will be allowed/ permitted to speak at the
conference.
14. I had to look for my glasses. I will have to look for my glasses.
15. She could play the piano. She will be able to play the piano.
16. Jane could type fast. Jane will be able to type fast.
17. He could speak Russian. He will be able to speak Russian.
18. Everybody was allowed/ permitted to borrow the car. Everybody will be allowed/ permitted to borrow the
car.
19. You had to be at the office at 7. You will have to be at the office at 7.
20. He could read and write easily in English. She will be able to read and write easily in English.
Past Tense(II)
Traducerea verbului
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abided
abide
abided
a rabda, a locui
arisen
a se ridica
awoked
a (se) trezi
Been
borne
a fi
abode
arise
arose
awoke
awake
awaked
be
was/were
bear
bore
a purta, a da nastere
born
beat
beat
beaten
a bate
become
became
become
a deveni
begin
began
begun
a incepe
bend
bent
bet
Bent
bet
a (se) ndoi
betted
bid
betted
bid
bade
bidden
bet
a paria
bid
bind
bound
bound
a lega
bite
bit
bitten
a musca
bleed
bled
blessed
Bled
blessed
a sangera
blest
blest
blow
blew
blown
a sufla, a bate
break
broke
broken
a (se) sparge
breed
bred
bred
a creste, a educa
bring
brought
brought
a aduce
broadcast
broadcast
broacast
a emite (radio,tv)
build
built
built
a construi
bless
a binecuvanta
72
burnt
burnt
burned
burned
burst
burst
burst
buy
bought
bought
a cumpara
cast
cast
cast
a arunca
catch
caught
caught
a prinde
choose
chose
chosen
a alege
cling
clung
clung
a se agata
come
came
come
a veni
cost
cost
cost
a costa
creep
crept
crept
a se tari, a se furisa
cut
cut
cut
a taia
deal
dealt
dealt
a trata, a se ocupa de
dig
dug
dived
dug
dived
a sapa
a (se) scufunda, a plonja
burn
a arde
dive
dove(en.am)
do
did
done
a face
draw
drew
dreamed
drawn
dreamed
a trage, a desena
dreamt
dreamt
drink
drank
drunk
a bea
drive
drove
dwelt
driven
dwelt
a mana, a sofa
dwelled
dwelled
eat
ate
eaten
a manca
fall
fell
fallen
a cadea
dream
a visa
dwell
a locui
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feed
fed
fed
a hrani
fell
felt
felt
a (se) simti
fight
fought
fought
a (se) lupta
find
found
found
a gasi
flee
fled
fled
a fugi
fling
flung
flung
a arunca
fly
flew
forbade
flown
forbidden
a zbura
forbad
forbid
forecast
forecast
forecast
a prevedea
foresee
foresaw
foreseen
a prezice
forget
forgot
forgotten
a uita
forgive
forgave
forgiven
a ierta
freeze
froze
frozen
got
a inghea
get
got
forbid
a interzice
a primi, a obtine
gotten(en.am)
give
gave
given
a da
go
went
gone
a merge
grind
ground
ground
a macina
grow
grew
hung
grown
hung
a creste
a atarna
hanged
hanged
a spanzura
have
had
had
a avea
hear
heard
heard
a auzi
hide
hid
hidden
a (se) ascunde
hit
hit
hit
a lovi
hang
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hold
held
held
a tine
hurt
hurt
hurt
keep
kept
knelt
kept
knelt
a tine, a pastra
kneeled
knitted
kneeled(en.am)
knitted
knit
knit
know
knew
known
a sti, a cunoate
lay
laid
laid
a pune, a aseza
lead
led
leant
led
leant
a conduce
leaned
leapt
leaned
leapt
leaped
learned
leaped
learned
learnt
learnt
leave
left
left
a pleca, a lasa
lend
lent
lent
a da cu imprumut
let
let
let
a lasa, a permite
lie
lay
lain
lit
lit
lighted
lighted
lose
lost
lost
a pierde
make
made
made
a face
mean
meant
meant
a insemna
meet
met
met
a (se) intalni
mislead
misled
misled
a induce in eroare
kneel
a ingenunchia
knit
a tricota
lean
leap
a sari
learn
a invata
light
a aprinde
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mistake
mistook
mow
mowed
mistaken
mown
a se confunda
a cosi
mowed
overcome
overcame
overcome
a depasi
pay
paid
paid
proved
a plati
a dovedi
prove
proved
proven(en.am)
put
put
put
a pune
read
read
read
a citi
rend
rent
rid
rent
rid
a rupe, a sfasia
a se descotorosi de
ridded
ridded
ride
rode
ridden
ring
rang
rung
a suna
rise
rose
risen
a rasari, a se ridica
run
ran
run
sawn
a fugi
saw
sawed
rid
a taia cu fierastraul
sawed
say
said
said
a spune
see
saw
seen
a vedea
seek
sought
sought
a cauta
sell
sold
sold
a vinde
send
sent
sent
a trimite
set
set
set
sown
sew
sewed
a coase
sewewd
shake
shook
shaken
a scutura, a tremura
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shorn
shear
sheared
shed
shed
shone
shed
shone
shined
shined
shoe
shod
shod
a potcovi
shoot
shot
shot
shown
show
showed
shine
a arata
showed
shrank
shrink
shrunk
shrunk
shut
shut
shut
a inchide
sing
sang
sank
sung
a canta
sunk
a (se) scufunda
sink
sunk
sit
sat
sat
a sedea
slay
slew
slain
a ucide
sleep
slept
slept
a dormi
slide
slid
slid
a aluneca
sling
slung
slung
a arunca
slit
slit
smelt
slit
smelt
a despica
smelled
smelled (en.am)
sown
smell
sow
a mirosi
sowed
a semana
sowed
speak
spoke
sped
spoken
sped
speeded
spelt
speeded
spelt
speed
a vorbi
a accelera
a ortografia
spell
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spend
spelled
spelled (en.am)
spent
spilt
spent
spilt
spilled
spun
spilled (en.am)
spill
a varsa (lapte)
spin
spun
span
spat
a scuipa
spit
spit (en.am)
split
spoiled
split
spoiled
spoilt
spoilt
spread
sprang
spread
a (se) raspandi
sprung
a izvori, a (ra)sari
spoil
spread
a toarce
spat
spit
split
a despica
a rasfata, a strica
spring
sprung(en.am)
stand
stood
stood
a sta in picioare
steal
stole
stolen
a fura
stick
stuck
stuck
sting
stung
stank
stung
a intepa
stunk
a mirosi urat
stink
stunk
stride
strode
stridden
strike
struck
struck
a lovi
string
strung
strove
strung
striven
a insira
strived
strived
swear
swore
sworn
a jura, a injura
sweep
swept
swept
swollen
a matura
swell
swelled
strive
a se stradui, a nazui
a se umfla
swelled
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swim
swam
swum
a inota
swing
swung
swung
a (se) legana
take
took
taken
a lua
teach
taught
taught
tear
tore
torn
a rupe, a sfasia
tell
told
told
a spune, a povesti
think
thought
thrived
thought
a (se) gandi
thrived
a prospera
thrive
throve
throw
threw
thrown
a arunca
thrust
thrust
thrust
trodden
a infinge
tread
trod
a calca, a pasi
trod
undergo
underwent
undergone
a suferi (schimbari)
understand
understood
understood
a intelege
undertake
undertook
woke
undertaken
woken
a intreprinde
waked
waked
wear
wore
worn
a purta
weave
wove
wedded
woven
wedded
a tese
wed
wed
wept
wetted
wept
wetted
wet
wet
win
won
won
a castiga
wind
wound
wound
a rasuci, a serpui
wake
a (se) trezi
wed
weep
a se cununa
wet
a plange
a (se) uda
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withdraw
withdrew
withdrawn
a (se) retrage
FORMULE DE ADRESARE
1. Formule de salut:
-
Raspunsuri posibile:
-
2. Formule de despartire:
-
Bye-bye! (Pa-pa!)
See you soon/later/tomorrow/on Sunday! (Ne vedem curand/ mai tarziu /maine /Duminica!)
Lets meet again some day! (Hai sa ne intalnim din nou intr-o zi!)
Raspunsuri posibile:
-
Yes, I hope we meet again some time! (Sper ca ne vom revedea candva!)
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Raspunsuri posibile:
-
Will you excuse me, please. I have to go now. (Ma scuzati va rog. Trebuie sa plec acum.)
If you dont mind I really have to be going. (Daca nu va deranjeaza, eu chiar trebuie sa plec.)
It was nice meeting you / It was nice to see you. (Mi-a facut plecere sa va cunosc / sa va intalnesc.)
Well, see you later/ talk to you later/ so long. (Pai, ne vedem mai tarziu / Vorbim mai tarziu / Pe curand.)
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