Ecuatia hiperbolica

Aplicatie
 2u 1  2u x  [ x A , xB ]
 2 2 0
t 2
 x t  [0, t final ]

Conditie initila: t  0 avem u ( x,0)  fV ( x)  sin( x)

u ( x,0)
 f D ( x)  sin( x)
t
Conditii la limita: x  x A avem u ( xA ,0)  g S (t )  sin( xA )[cos(t )  sin(t )]
x  xB avem u ( xB , t )  g D (t )  sin( xB )[cos(t )  sin(t )]

Punctele spatilale sunt distribuite unifom pe [xA,xB]

Punctele temporare sunt distribuite unifom pe [0,tfinal]

Calculati soluția folosind schema explicita

 Ecuatia hiperbolica
 2u 2  u
2
  F ( x, t )
t 2
x 2

Domeniul de definitie: t  [tinitial , t final ] si x  [ x A , xB ]

Conditie initila: t  0 avem u ( x, tinitial )  fV ( x)

u ( x, tinitial )
 f D ( x)
t
Conditii la limita: x  x A avem u ( x A , t )  g S (t )
x  xB avem u ( xB , t )  g D (t )

Veriticare tip ecuatie: Scrieti forma generala la

examen (functie de t si x) !
 2u  2u  2u u u
A 2 B C 2  D  E  Fu  G  0
t tx x t x
Avem: A = 1 si C = -2 B 2  4 AC  0  4 1 ( 2 )  0
2
 Ecuatia hiperbolica

Determinarea solutiei numerice:

I. Discretizarea ecuatiei

II. Discretizarea domeniului

III. Discretizarea conditiilor la limita

IV. Calculul solutiei numerice

!!! La examen se va da si solutia analitica verificati ca

aceasta solutie verifica ecuatia si conditiile la limita !!!
3
I. Discretizarea ecuatiei

y  f ( x) yi  f ( xi )

d 2 y ( xi ) yi 1  2 yi  yi 1
yi  
dx 2
x 2

y  u u  u ( x, t ) uin  u ( xi , t n )

 2uin uin 1  2uin  uin 1  2uin uin1  2uin  uin1

 
t 2
t 2 x 2 x 2

4
 I. Discretizarea ecuatiei

t
d 2uin uin1  2uin  uin1
T 
dx 2
x 2

d 2uin uin 1  2uin  uin 1


dt 2
t 2
0

xA xB x

 2u 2  u
2
uin 1  2uin  uin 1 2 ui 1  2ui  ui 1
n n n
  F ( x, t )    F ( xi , tn )
t 2 x 2 t 2
x 2

5
II. Discretizarea domeniului

t uin  u ( xi , t n )
T
i  1, N x
n  0, Nt

uin  ?
xi  ?
tn  ?
0
t 0  tinitial
xA xB x

x  xA t final  tinitial
x  B xi  x A  (i  1) x t  t n  tinitial  nt
Nx 1 Nt

6
 III. Discretizarea conditiilor la limita

u  g S (t )
u  g D (t )

u ( x1 , t n )  g S (t n ) u ( xN x , t n )  g D (t n )

u  fV ( x) i  1, N x
u ( xi , t 0 )  fV ( xi ) n  0, Nt
u ( x,0)
 f D ( x)
t
7
III. Discretizarea conditiilor la limita
u ( x, tinitial )
 f D ( x)
t ui1  ui0
  f D ( xi ) ui1  ui0  t f D ( xi )
u ( xi , tn ) uin 1  uin t

t t discretizare cu precizie
de ordinul unu

Pentru discretizare de ordinul doi scriem dezvoltarea in serie Taylor

ui0 1  2ui0 2
u u 
1
i
0
i t  t  ...
t 2 t 2

 2u 2  u
2
 2u 2  u
2
  F ( x, t )    F ( x, t )
t 2
x 2
t 2 x 2

 2ui0 2  ui
2 0
 2ui0 2 ui 1  2ui  ui 1
0 0 0
   F ( xi , t 0
)     F ( xi , t 0
)
t 2
x 2
t 2
x 2

8
 III. Discretizarea conditiilor la limita

ui0 1  2ui0 2
u u 
1
i
0
i t  t
t 2 t 2

1  2 ui01  2ui0  ui01 0 

u  u  f d ( xi )t   
1
i
0
i  F ( xi , t )  t 2
2 x 2


i  2 n 1
Nt
u12  u20  f D ( x2 )t 

… 1  2 u30  2u20  u10 2 

   F ( x2 , t )  t 2

2 x 2 
2
1 i  2, N x  1
0

1 2 3 … Nx 9
 IV. Calculul solutiei numerice – forma explicita

uin 1  2uin  uin 1 2 ui 1  2ui  ui 1

n n n
  F ( xi , t n ) i  2, N x  1 n  1, Nt  1
t 2
x 2

notatie    2 t 2
1 uin 1  2uin  uin 1   (uin1  2uin  uin1 )  F ( xi , t n ) t 2
x 2

Conditia de
stabilitate uin 1  2uin (1   )  uin 1   (uin1  uin1 )  F ( xi , t n )t 2

Pentru calculul lui u22 punctul in care

Nt
scriem discretizarea este i  2 n  1

… u22  2u12 (1   )  u20   (u31  u11 )  F ( x2 , t1 )t 2

2 Pentru calculul lui u32 punctul in care

scriem discretizarea este i  3 n 1
1
0 u32  2u31 (1   )  u30   (u14  u12 )  F ( x3 , t1 )t 2
1 2 3 … Nx 10
Exemplu

Ecuatia :  2u 1  2u
 2 2 0
t 2
 x
Domeniul de definitie: x  [ xA , xB ] si t  [0,1.2]

Conditie initila: t  0 avem u ( x,0)  fV ( x)  sin( x)

u ( x,0) i  1, N x n  0, Nt
 f D ( x)  sin( x)
t

Conditii la limita: x  x A avem u ( x A , t )  g S (t )

x  xB avem u ( xB , t )  g d (t )

11
i  0,50 n  0,30
t  0.0002
12
Verificarea solutie analitice

Ecuatia :  2
u 1  2
u
 0 Solutia analitica: u ( x, y )  sin( x)[cos(t )  sin(t )]
t 2
 x
2 2

Verificarea ecuatiei:
 2u  2u
  sin( x)[cos(t )  sin(t )]   2
sin( x)[cos(t )  sin(t )]
t 2
x 2

1
 sin( x)[cos(t )  sin(t )]  { 2
sin( x)[cos(t )  sin(t )]}  0
 2

Conditie initila: t  0 avem u ( x,0)  sin( x)[cos(0)  sin(0)]  sin( x)

u ( x, 0)
 sin( x)[ sin(t )  cos(t )]  sin( x)
t
Conditii la limita: x  xA avem u (0, t )  sin(  0)[cos(t )  sin(t )]  0
x  xB avem u (1, t )  sin( 1)[cos(t )  sin(t )]  0
13
 I. Discretizarea ecuatiei

uin 1  2uin  uin 1 2 ui 1  2ui  ui 1

n n n
i  2, 4 n  1...
  F ( xi , t n )
t 2
x 2

t 2
notatie   2
1 uin 1  2uin (1   )  uin 1   (uin1  uin1 )  F ( xi , t n )t 2 (1)
x 2

F ( xi , t n )  0
 2u 2  u
2
 2u 1  2u
  F ( x, t )  2 2 0 1
t 2
x 2
t 2
 x 2 
2
xB  x A 1  0 t final  tinitial 1.2  0
x    0.25 t    0.6
Nx 1 5 1 Nt 2

1 0.62
 2  0.5836  1
 0.252
(1) uin 1  0.41638  uin  uin 1  0.5836(uin1  uin1 ) i  2, 4 n  1, Nt
14
II. Discretizarea domeniului

x  0.25 xi  x A  (i  1)x
i  1,5 n  0, 2
t  0.6 xi  x A  0.25
 0 
1.2
0.25
 
x   0.5 
0.75
 
 1 
0.6 tn  tinitial  nt

tn  0.6n
 0 
 
t  0.6 
0.0 1.2 
0.0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1   15
III. Discretizarea conditiilor la limita

Conditie initila:
t  tinitial avem u( x, tinitial )  sin( x)
0.0 0.0
ui0  sin( xi ) i  1, N x
u ( x, tinitial )
 sin( x)
t
Conditii la limita: n  0, Nt
0.0 0.0

x  xA avem u ( x A , t )  0 u1n  0

Caz general u ( xA , t )  u1n  g S (t )

0.0 0.7071 1.0 0.7071 0.0
x  xB avem u ( xB , t )  0 uNn x  0

Caz general u ( xB , t )  uNn x  g D (t )

16
III. Discretizarea conditiilor la limita

Conditie initila:
u ( x, tinital )
t  tinitial  sin( x)
0.0 0.0 t
ui1  ui0  f D ( xi )t 
1  2 ui01  2ui0  ui01 0 
   F ( xi , t )  t 2

2 x 2 
1.0105 1.4291 1.0105
0.0 0.0 ui1  ui0  sin( xi )0.6 
1  1 ui01  2ui0  ui01  2
  2  0.6
2 0.25 2


i  2, N x  1  2, 4
0.0 0.7071 1.0 0.7071 0.0

1  1 1  2  0.7071  0  2
i2  u12  0.7071  sin(  0.25)0.6   2  0.6  1.0105
2 0.25 2
 17
IV. Calculul solutiei numerice
uin 1  0.4722  uin  uin 1  0.7639(uin1  uin1 ) i  2, 4 n 1

0.0 0.9684 1.3696 0.9684 0.0

i  2 n 1

u22  0.4722  u12  u20  0.7639(u31  u11 )

u22  0.4722 1.0105  0.7071

1.0105 1.4291 1.0105
0.0 0.0  0.7639(1.4291  0)  0.9684

vex  vap 1.2944  1.3696

err  100   5.81%
vex 1.2944
0.0 0.7071 1.0 0.7071 0.0

18
FORMULE DE CALCUL
Ecuatia hiperbolica
 2u 2  u
2
  F ( x, t )
t 2
x 2

xi  xa  x (i  1) i  1, N x

u ( x, tinital )  fV ( x) u ( xi , t 0 )  ui0  fV ( xi )  fVi  usa ( xi , t 0 )

Tabel 1

x1  xa u10  fV1  fV ( x1 )
x2  xa  x u20  fV2  fV ( x2 )
x3  xa  2x u30  fV3  fV ( x3 )

x4  ... u40  ...

x5  ... u50  ...

 Ecuatia hiperbolica
Discretizarea ecuației

uin 1  2uin  uin 1 2 ui 1  2ui  ui 1

n n n
  F ( xi , t n ) i  2, N x  1 n  1, Nt  1
t 2
x 2

u n 1
 2u (1   )  u
n n 1
  (u n
 u )  F ( xi , t ) t
n n 2 t 2
i i i i 1 i 1   2
1
x 2

t n  t 0  nt (t 0  tinitial ) Conditia de

stabilitate
Condițiile la limită

u ( x, tinitial ) 1  2 ui01  2ui0  ui01 0 

 f D ( x) u  u  f D ( xi )t   
1
i
0
i  F ( xi , t )  t 2

t 2 x 2 

u ( xA , t )  g S (t ) u ( x1 , t n )  u1n  g S (t n )
u ( xB , t )  g D (t ) u ( xN x , t n )  u Nn x  g D (t n )
 Ecuatia hiperbolica

Tabel 2

n0 u11  g S (t 1 )
1  2 u30  2u20  u10 0 
u  u  f D ( x2 )t   
1
2
0
2  F ( x2 , t )  t 2
2 x 2

u3  ...
1

u14  ...
u51  ...

n 1 u12  g S (t 2 )

u22  2u12 (1   )  u20   (u31  u11 )  F ( x2 , t1 )t 2

u32  ...
...