UNIVERSITATEA PETROL-GAZE PLOIESTI FACULTATEA DE TEHNOLOGIA PETROLULUI SI PETROCHIMIE CONTROLUL CALITATII PRODUSELOR SI A FACTORILOR DE MEDIU

DETERMINAREA CONTINUTULUI IN COLORANTI ALIMENTARI

Coordonator: Lector dr In! Hor"a Po#o$"c"

Masterand:

T"%"&oara '()(
)

CUPRINS
) COLORANTI ALIMENTARI * ) ) NOTIUNI DESPRE CULOARE * ) ' COLORANTII * ) * NECESITATEA FOLOSIRII COLORANTILOR + ) + CONDITII PE CARE TRE,UIE LE INDEPLINEASCA UN COLORANT + ) - CLASIFICAREA COLORANTILOR ) - ) COLORANTI NATURALI ) - ' COLORANTI SINTETICI................... )) ' DETERMINAREA COLORANTILOR NATURALI SI SINTETICI )' ) COLORANTI ADMISI IN INDUSTRIA ALIMENTARA....... '/ * ,I,LIOGRAFIE........................ +'

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1. Coloranti alimentari. 1.1. Notiuni despre culoare.

C01oarea este o "ns0s"re a ca1"tat"" sen2or"a1e a 0n0" #rod0s a1"%entar care3 a1at0r" de 4or%a3 %ar"%e3 str0ct0ra s" as#ect01 !enera1 a1 #rod0s010"3 s0nt deter%"nate "n rece#t"a $"20a1a D"n #0nct de $edere 4"2"c3 c01oarea este o caracter"st"ca a 10%"n""3 %as0ra5"1a "n ter%"n" de "ntens"tate 6ener!"e rad"anta7 s" 10n!"%e de 0nda Perce#t"a c01or"" ete 1"%"tata de s0rsa de 10%"na3 or!an"s%01 0%an ne#0tand sa #ercea#a c01oarea "n a5senta 0ne" s0rse de 10%"na care e%"te ener!"a rad"anta "n do%en"01 de s#ectr0 $"25"1 Ins#ect"a $"20a1a a a1"%ente1or #oate 4" adesea "ns04"c"ent de corecta3 daca s0rsa de 10%"na n0 e%"te s04"c"enta ener!"e rad"anta 1a 10n!"%"1e de 0nda cr"t"ce C01oarea or"car0" o5"ect3 res#ect"$e a1"%ent3 $a #0tea 4" de4"n"ta #r"n %as0rarea cant"tat"" de 10%"na re41ectata de 1a s0#ra4ata o5"ect010"3 1a 4"ecare 10n!"%e de 0nda d"n do%en"01 $"2"5"1 6**(-88( %97 Aceste %as0rator" #ot 4" 4ac0te c0 a:0tor01 0n0" s#ectro4oto%etr03 d"n - "n - %9

1.2. Colorantii.
Co1orant"" s0nt co%5"nat"" or!an"ce3 nat0ra1e sa0 s"ntet"ce3 e1e "nse1e co1orate3 dar care a0 s" #ro#r"etatea de a co1ora Pentr0 ca o co%5"nat"e c;"%"ca or!an"ca co1orata sa 4"e s" %ater"e co1oranta3 ea tre50"e sa "nde#1"neasca an0%"te cond"t"" de so105"1"tate3 de sta5"1"tate 1a 10%"na3 sa0 1a a1t" a!ent" 4"2"c"3 de aderenta O s05stanta a#are co1orata cand3 "n 10%"na #e care o re41ecta sa0 o trans%"te3 1"#sesc rad"at"" de an0%"te 10n!"%" de 0nda s"3 ca 0r%are3 s#ectre1e res#ect"$e #re2"nta 5en2" de a5sor5t"e Acestea se datorea2a #re2ente" "n %o1ec01a a 0nor !r0#e de ato%"3 n0%"te cro%o4or"3 4"ecar0" cro%o4or cores#0n2and0-" 0na sa0 %a" %01te 5en2" "n s#ectr01 $"2"5"1 sa0 01tra$"o1et Po2"t"a 5en2"1or de a5so5t"e a1e 0n0" an0%"t cro%o4or este "n410entata de e<"stenta "n %o1ec01a a a1tor cro%o4or" s"3 #r"n 0r%are3 n0anta c01or"" 0n0" %ater"a1 co1orat de#"nde de str0ct0ra c;"%"ca a s05stante" N0anta c01or"" #oate 4" %od"4"cata #r"n "ntrod0cerea "n %o1ec01a a d"4er"t"1or rad"ca1"3 c;"ar daca n0 a5sor5 "n s#ectr01 $"2"5"1 Pr"nc"#a1e1e !r0#e cro%o4ore s0nt: !r0#a n"tro2o 6-NO73 !r0#a n"tro 6-NO'73 !r0#a a2o 6-N=N-73 !r0#a t"oceton"ca 6=C=S73 !r0#a ceton"ca 6=C=O7 s" d051a 1e!at0ra 6>C=C?7 U1t"%"1e do0a !r0#e tre50"e sa e<"ste "n n0%ar %a" %are "ntr-o %o1ec01a3 #entr0 ca sa a#ara c01oarea Pentr0 ca o s05stanta co1orata sa 4"e s" %ater"e co1oranta3 ea tre50"e sa cont"na "n %o1ec01a s" a1te !r0#e n0%"te a0<ocro%e3 care #rod0c o "nc;"dere s" o "ntens"4"care 4oarte %are a c01or"" Pr"nc"#a1e1e !r0#e a0<ocro%e s0nt: !r0#e1e a%"no3 !r0#e1e ;"dro<"14eno1"ce3 #rec0% s" der"$at"" 1or a1c;"1at" 6a%"ne1e sec0ndare s" tert"are s" eter"" 4eno1"c"7

1.3. Necesitatea olosirii colorantilor.

Neces"tatea 4o1os"r"" co1orant"1or re201ta d"n d"rect"$a /+@*A EC d"n *( "0n"e )//+ a BE0ro#ean Par1"a%ent and Co0nc"1 D"rect"$eC3 care s#ec"4"ca 4a#t01 ca "n cate!or"a co1orant"1or "ntra ace1e s05stante ce se "ntrod0ce "n #rod0se1e a1"%entare #entr0 a resta5"1" c01oarea #rod0s010" a1"%entar care a 4ost a4ectata #r"n #re10crare3 de#o2"tare3 a%5a1are s" d"str"50t"e sa0 care se "ntrod0ce "n #rod0se1e a1"%entare3 #entr0 ca ce1 care cons0%a #rod0s01 a1"%entar sa "dent"4"ce %a" 5"ne aro%a #rod0s010"3 res#ect"$e3 #entr0 a co1ora 0n #rod0s 1"#s"t de c01oare

1.!.Conditii pe care tre"uie sa le indeplineasca un colorant ideal.

Un co1orant "dea1 tre50"e sa "nde#1"neasca 0r%atoare1e cond"t"": - san 0 4"e to<"c s" sa n0 4"e cancero!en"c 1a d"4er"te n"$e10r" de 0t"1"2areD sa n0 cont"na "%#0r"tat" to<"ceD - #entr0 a #0tea 4" 4o1os"t3 co1orant01 tre50"e sa a"5a d"s#ersa5"1"tate s"@sa0 so105"1"tate ada#tate 1a "ncor#orarea sa "n 4a2a a#oasa s"@sa0 "n 4a2a 1"#"d"ca d"n #rod0s01 a1"%entarD - sa n0 "%#r"%e !0st s" %"ros #art"c01ar #rod0s010" a1"%entar "n care se "ntrod0ceD - sa 4"e sta5"1 1a 10%"na at0nc" cand este "ntrod0s "n #rod0s s" se !aseste s05 4or%a so105"1"2ata sa0 d"s#ersata3 1a#; c0#r"ns "ntre ' s" ED - san 0 4"e a4ectat de te%#erat0r"1e 1a care se 4ace trata%ent01 ter%"c 6#ate0r"2are3 4"er5ere3 ster"1"2are7D - sa 4"e sta5"1 "n t"%#01 de#o2"tar"" #rod0s010" a1"%entar "n care s-a "ntrod0sD - sa n0 react"one2e c0 0r%e1e de %eta1e s" n"c" c0 a!ent"" o<"dant" sa0 red0cator"D - caracter"st"c"1e sa 4"e "dent"ce de 1a 0n 1ot 1a a1t01D - sa #oate 4" #0s "n e$"denta "n #rod0s01 a1"%entar #r"n te;n"c" ana1"t"ce adec$ateD - sa 4"e d"s#on"5"1 s" re1at"$e econo%"c s05 as#ect01 #ret010"D - sa 4"e a#ro5at #r"n 1e!"s1at"a san"tara "n $"!oare

1.#. Clasi icarea colorantilor.

C1as"4"carea co1orant"1or se #oate 4ace d0#a cr"ter"": - nat0ra 1or3 "n care ca2 #ot 4": nat0ra1" s" s"ntet"c"D - #ro#r"etat"1e 1or t"nctor"a1e33 "n care ca2 #ot 4": !a15en"3 oran:3 ros""3 a15astr"3 $er2"3 5r0n"3 ne!r" s" c0 n0ante d"$erse Pentr0 "nd0str"a a1"%entara3 tre50"e sa se a"5a "n $edere s" c1as"4"carea 4ac0ta de Co%"tet01 M"<t de E<#ert" FAO@OMS3 care a e<a%"nat co1orant"" d"n #0nct de $edere a1 s#ec"4"cat""1or c;"%"ce s" d0#a re201tate1e e$a10ar"" to<"co1o!"ce A$and "n $edere s#ec"4"cat""1e c;"%"ce3 co1orant"" a0 4ost "%#art"t" "n #atr0 cate!or"": I3 II3 III3 IV3 cate!or"a I 4""nd cea #entr0 care Co%"tet01 de e<#ert" FAO@OMS a 4"<at nor%e de "dent"tate s" #0r"tate

1.#.1.Coloranti naturali.
In con4or%"tate c0 date1e e<"stente "n 1"terat0ra de s#ec"a1"tate3 s05 den0%"rea de co1orant" nat0ra1" se "nte1e! ace1e s05stante co1orate care se !asesc "n %od nat0ra1 "n #rod0se1e co%est"5"1e3 d"n care se o5t"n #r"n e<tract"e3 re#ect"$ se o5t"n #r"n s"nte2a c;"%"ca 6caroteno"de1e3 c1oro4"1e1e3 antoc"ane1e3 r"5o41a$"na3 5eta"ne1e3 etc7 S0nt "nc10se "n cate!or"a co1orant"1or a1"%entar" s" #re#arate1e o5t"n0te d"n %ater"" #r"%e a1"%entare s" a1te s0rse nat0ra1e #r"n %etode 4"2"ce s"@sa0 c;"%"ce de e<tract"e N0 s0nt cons"derate co1orant" #rod0se1e a1"%entare 0scate sa0 concentrate s" aro%at"2ant"" "ncor#orat" "n #rod0se1e a1"%entare #entr0 a con4er" acestora $a1oarea n0tr"t"$e #rec0% s" !0st s" %"ros3 des" a0 s" 0n e44ect sec0ndar de co1orare 6 #a#r"Fa3 sa44ron3 ac"d01 t0%er"c7 Co1orant"" de cara%e1 s0nt cons"derant" co1orant" a1"%entar" nat0ra1"3 des" n0 s0nt #re2ent" "n %od nat0ra1 "n #rod0se co%est"5"1e E" s0nt o5t"n0t" #r"n act"0nea contro1ata a ca1d0r"" as0#ra !10c"de1or n0tr"t"$e: 2a;aro2a3 de<tro2a3 2a;ar "n$ert"t3 s"ro# de !10co2a Ros0 de cosen"1a re201tat #r"n %ar0nt"rea 4"na a "nsecte" Cocc0s cact" "n stare 0scata este3 de ase%enea3 c1asat dre#t co1orant nat0ra1 1.#.1.1.$ropriet%&ile te'nolo(ic) unc&ionale ale coloran&ilor naturali* La 4o1os"re tre50"e sG se a"5G Hn $edere 0r%Gtoare1e as#ecte: A. +olu"ilitatea , %a" #rec"s dacG s0nt so105"1" Hn a#G3 so10I"" a1coo1"ce sa0 so1$enI" ne#o1ar"3 #entr0 a1e!erea corectG Hn 40ncI"e de dest"naI"e De e<e%#103 caroteno"de1e s0nt so105"1e doar Hn %ed"" ne#o1are Jn #10s3 so105"1"tatea 1or este 1entG3 c0 atKt %a" 1entG c0 cKt #0r"tatea 1or este %a" %are Pentr0 a %Gr" so105"1"tatea &" #0terea co1orantG3 %"crocr"sta1e1e se d"s#ersea2G Hn 01e" HncG12"t 1a +(--(C Sta5"1"2area s0s#ens"e" 01e"oase se 4ace #r"n adaos de ac"2" !ra&" sat0raI" Pentr0 co1orarea %ed""1or a#oase3 se o5I"n #re#arate ;"drod"s#ersa5"1e s05 4or%G de #0drG sa0 s0s#ens"e co1o"da1G
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Tehnica aplicat este urmtoarea: caroteno"d01 se d"2o1$G Hntr-0n so1$ent %"sc"5"1 c0 a#a3 a#o" aceastG so10I"e se toarnG Hn a#G care conI"ne 0n co1o"d ;"dro4"1 "ar so1$ent01 se e$a#orG -. $uterea coloranta* de#"nde de ca#ac"tatea de 4"<are a co1orant010" #e s0#ort3 care #oate 4" a%"don3 ce101o2G3 #rote"nG sa0 0n #rod0s co%#1e<3 c0% este 4G"na C. +ta"ilitatea la p.* #H-01 "n410enIea2G so105"1"tatea3 tenta c01or"" &" sta5"1"tatea D. +ta"ilitatea termica: 0n"" co1oranI" nat0ra1" neces"tG 0t"1"2area 0nor ant"o<"danI"3 a&a c0% este ca201 caroten"1or3 deoarece cre&terea te%#erat0r"" acce1erea2G #rocese1e de o<"dare Co1oranI"" nat0ra1" 0t"1"2aI" Hn "nd0str"a a1"%entarG a#arI"n 0ne"a d"n 0r%atoGre1e c1ase : antoc"ane &" 5etac"ane3 caroteno"de3 c1oro4"1e3 41a$"ne3 c;a1cone3 antrac;"none3 41a$one Antocianii. S05 aceasta den0%"re s0nt %ent"onate toate s05stante1e care se !asesc "n 41or"3 4r0n2e sa0 4r0cte s" care a0 c01oarea ros"e3 $"oe1eta3 a15astra Antoc"ane1e s0nt 41a$ono"de c0 )- ato%" de car5on3 const"t0"te d"n do0a c"c10r" 5en2en"ce 1e!ate "ntre e1e #r"ntr-0n e1e%ent C* 6CA-C*-CA7 Str0ct0ra de 5a2a este re#re2entata de cat"on01 tetra;"dro<"41a$"1"0% s05st"t0"t c0 !r0#0r" ;"dro<"13 %et"1"ce sa0 %eto<"1"ce Aceste 4or%e a!1"con"ce s0nt den0%"te antoc"an"d"ne3 care se o5t"n #r"n ;"dro1"2a antoc"an"1or 6 2a;ar0r"1e d"n str0ct0ra antoc"an"1or s0nt !10co2a3 !a1acto2a3 ra%no2a7 Ce1e sase t"#0r" de antoc"an"d"ne s0nt #e1ar!on"d"na3 c"an"d"na3 #eon"d"na3 de14"n"d"na3 #et0n"d"na3 %a1$"d"na Str0ct0ra cat"on010" +3 *3 - 38 tetra;"dro<"41a$"1"0%

S0rse1e "nd0str"a1e de antoc"ane s0nt 0r%atoare1e: - #"e1"ta str0!0r"1or s" tesco$"naD - $ar2a ros"e s" s4ec1a ros"eD - a4"ne1e3 coaca2e1e ne!re3 c"rese1e3 $"s"n"1e3 2%e0ra -etaciane. D"n cate!or"a 5etac"ane1or 4ace #arte co1orant01 ro&0 de s4ec1G Pentr0 acest co1orant n0 e<"stG HncG d"s#on"5"1e date re4er"toare 1a %eta5o1"s%01 acest0" co1orant nat0ra1 Teste1e #e ter%en 10n! &" de re#rod0cere s0nt HncG "nco%#1ete L"#sesc st0d""1e de e%5r"oto<"c"tate &" terato!en"tate Co1orant01 este HnsG 0n co%#onent nor%a1 a1 0nor #rod0se a1"%entare &" d"n acestG ca02G FAO@OMS a cons"derat cG n0 este necesar sG se 4"<e2e o do2G 2"1n"cG ad%"s"5"1G
A

For%01a str0ct0ra1a a 5etan"ne"

Co1orant01 ro&0 de s4ec1G este 0t"1"2at Hn: - 5G0t0r" nea1coo1"ce - #rod0se de #at"ser"e &" #an"4"caI"e - desert0r" #e 5a2G de !e1at"nG3 50d"nc" s0#e3 a%estec0r" #015ere - este sens"5"1 1a cG1d0rG &" 1a #H Tot0&"3 se #oate 4o1os" #entr0 co1orarea cGrn"" tocate Hn a%estec c0 der"$ate #rote"ce te<t0rate3 dest"nate o5I"ner"" de ;a%50r!er"3 c;"4te1e3 #er"&oare3 deoarece $"rarea c01or"" de 1a ro&0 1a 5r0n este3 Hn aceste ca20r"3 dor"tG Carotenoide Caroteno"de1e re#re2"ntG 0n !r0# de co1oranI" nat0ra1"3 !a15en"3 #ortoca1"" sa0 ro&""3 rGs#Knd"I" Hn re!n01 $e!eta1 &" an"%a1 As#ecte 5"oc;"%"ce &" to<"co1o!"ce a1e 4o1os"r"" L-carot"ne" La o%3 c"rca *(-/(M d"n caroten01 "n!erat este e<cretat #r"n 4eca1e In!erarea conco%"tentG a !rGs"%"1or n0 Hn50nGtGIe&te a5sor5I"a L-carot"ne" La "n!erarea de do2e %ar" se act"$"tatea $"ta%"n"cG A a 4racI"0n"" a5sor5"te N-carot"na so105"1"2atG Hn 01e" este %a" 5"ne a5sor5"tG de cGtre or!an"s% &" an0%e )(-+) M 1a ad01I" &" -(-E( M 1a co#"" Jn tract0s01 !astro- "ntest"na1 este necesarG #re2enIa $"ta%"ne" E #entr0 H%#"ed"carea d"str0!er"" en2"%at"ce a L-carot"ne" &" a ac"2"1or 5"1"ar" #entr0 a5sor5I"a L-carot"ne" O an0%"tG cant"tate de L-carot"nG este trans4or%atG Hn $"ta%"na A3 Hn 4"cat3 #1G%Kn"3 %0sc01at0rG &" ser san!$"n3 de#o2"atrea $"ta%"ne" A a$Knd 1oc Hn 4"cat Teste1e de to<"c"tate #e ter%en sc0rt e4ect0ate #e &o5o1an" &" cK"n" Hn do2e %a" %"c" de )((( %! @ O"1ocor# &" 2" t"%# de )(( 2"1e n0 a0 aratat $re0n e4ect to<"c Teste1e #e ter%en 10n! #e + !eneraI"" de &o5o1an" c0 do2e de #KnG 1a )((( %! Hn d"etG n0 a0 scos Hn e$"denIG n"c" 0n e4ect to<"c 1a n"c" o !eneraI"e
8

La o% do2a 2"1n"cG ad%"s"5"1G 4GrG re2er$e este de (-'3- %!@O"1ocor#3 res#ect"$ '3-- %!@ O"1ocor# c0 oarecare re2er$G For%01a str0ct0ra1a a L- caroten010"

L-Carot"na se 0t"1"2ea2G #entr0 co1orarea 0nt010" %ar!ar"ne" 5rKn2et0r"1or Hn!;eIate" carto4"1or #ra:"I"3 s0c0r"1or de 4r0cte etc - "nso105"1G Hn a#G &" Hn a1coo1 et"1"c dar 0&or so105"1G Hn 01e"0r" $e!eta1e - este sens"5"1G Hn %ed"0 ac"d sa0 a1ca1"n - 0&or o<"da5"1G s05 acI"0nea o<"!en010" &" a cG1d0r"" - se #oate e<tra!e d"n %ater"" #r"%e $e!eta1e dar 4rec$ent se o5I"ne #r"n s"nte2G3 s05 4or%a 0nor cr"sta1e de c01oare ro&"e - 0t"1"2Gr" Hn "nd0str"a a1"%entarG: co1orarea %ar!ar"ne"3 0nt010"3 5rKn2et0r"1or3 Hn!;eIate"3 %acaroane1or3 c;"#s0r"1or3 01e"0r"1or $e!eta1e3 dress"n!0r"1or3 o0G1or #ra43 HnG15"tor"1or #entr0 ca4ea3 c;ec0r"1or3 cre%e1or3 desert0r"1or #e 5a2G de !e1at"nG3 #0dd"n!0r"1or3 5o%5oane1or3 s0c0r"1or de 4r0cte -#entr0 0t"1"2area Hn s"ste%e a#oase3 se 4o1ose&te s05 4or%G de !ran01e d"s#ersa5"1e Hn a#G3 c0 0n conI"n0t de '3+ P )(M Q-caroten Annatto. Se o5I"ne #r"n e<tracI"e d"n #er"car#01 4r0ct010" #1ante" ,"<a ore1ana L &" an0%e: R e<tract Anatto Hn 01e" conI"ne %"n"%0% (3'M d"n tota101 caroteno"de1or 5"<"nGD R e<tract Annatto Hn a#a care conI"ne Hn #r"nc"#a1 nor5"<"na3 #rod0s01 de ;"dro1"2a a1 5"<"ne" s054or%G de sGr0r" de Na sa0 O D"n #0nct de $edere a1 #0r"tGI"" e<tracte1e Annatto n0 tre50"e sG conI"nG %a" %01t de *(%!@O! d"c1or%etan3 c1or0rG de %et"1 sa0 tr"c1oret"1enG3 %a<"%0% *(%!@O! acetonG3 %a<"%0% -(%!@O! #ro#an-'-o13 %a<"%0% -(%!@O! a1coo1 %et"1"c E$a10area to<"co1o!"cG a e<tract010" de Annatto Co1orant01 n0 are acI"0ne %0ta!enG3 4a#t de%onstrat #r"n 0t"1"2area co1orant010" Hn concentraI"e de (3-!@)(( %1 Hn c01t0r" de Esc;er"c;"a co1" Teste1e de to<"c"tate #e ter%en sc0rt e4ect0ate #e &oar"c"3 &o5o1an"3 cH"n" aratG cG acest co1orant n0 are e4ecte ne!at"$e n"c" 1a n"$e10r" de )(-)- M ToI" co1oranI"" d"n c1asa caroteno"de1or s0nt trec0I" de FAO@OMS Hn cate!or"a ad"t"$"1or a1"%entar" d"n cate!or"a de to<"c"tate A3 dec" Hn cate!or"a de to<"c"tate %a<"%G Cloro ila AceastG s05stanIG re#re2"ntG #"!%ent01 $erde a1 #1ante1or care este 4or%at d"n c1oro4"1G a &" 5 Hn ra#ort de *@) Jn "nd0str"a a1"%entarG3 c1oro4"1a se 0t"1"2ea2G s05 4or%G de co%#1e<
E

c1oro4"1G-c0#r0 so105"1 Hn 01e"0r" $e!eta1e sa0 s05 4or%a sGr0r"1or de Na &" O a1e co%#1e<010" c1oro4"1G Pc0#r0 care s0nt so105"1e Hn a#G For%01a str0ct0ra1a a c1oro4"1e"

As#ecte 5"oc;"%"ce &" to<"co1o!"ce a1e 4o1os"r"" co%#1e<010" c1oro4"1G-c0#r0 &" sGr0r"1or de Na &" O a1e co%#1e<010" c1oro4"1G-c0#r0 E4ecte1e to<"ce a1e #"!%enI"1or %enI"onaI" se datoresc c0#r010" "on"2a5"1 #re2ent Hn co%#1e< Ast4e1 sarea de Na &" O a co%#1e<010" c1oro4"1G-c0#r0 6care conI"ne +M C0 tota1 &" (3'-M C0 "on"c73 a41atG Hn #ro#orI"e de (3)M &" )M Hn d"eta &o5o1an"1or3 a#are Hn #1as%a san!$"nG s05 4or%G de "on" de c0#r0 &" c1oro4"1G Jn 4eca1e3 c1oro4"1a a:0n!e s05 4or%G de co%#1e< de ca1c"0 N0 s-a constatat o ac0%01are de c0#r0 Hn 4"cat3 r"n"c;"3 s#1"nG3 1a &o5o1an"3 1a n"$e10r" de #"!%ent de (3) &" )M Hn d"etG La o% do2a 2"1n"cG ad%"sG te%#orar este de (-)- %!@F"1ocor# Carminul sau co/enila. Acest co1orant se !Gse&te Hn #015erea o5I"n0tG #r"n s4GrH%area "nsecte" 4e%e1e3 0scate3 den0%"tG DactS1o#"0s cocc0s Costa3 care trG"e&te #e s#ec"a de cact0s Ne#a1ea cocc"ne11"4era Cond"I""1e de #0r"tate #entr0 #re#arate1e co%erc"a1e s0nt 0r%Gtoare1e: conI"n0t de ac"d car%"n"c3 %"n"%0% +'MD #"erder" de %asG #r"n 0scare 1a )(- (C3 %a<"%0% '(MD cen0&G3 %a<"%0% )-M3 arsen3 %a<"%0% * %!@F!3 #10%53 %a<"%0% )( %!@F!3 %eta1e !re1e3 %a<"%0% '(%!@F! For%01e1e ac"d010" car%"n"c: - a7 str0ct0ra c;"%"ca a ac"d010" car%"n"c - 57 4or%01a str0ct0ra1a a co%#1e<010" ac"d010" car%"n"c c0 a10%"n"0
/

Colorantul s0n(elui. He%o!1o5"na3 #re2entG Hn er"troc"te3 este a1cGt0"tG d"n ;e%3 0n #"!%ent de c01oare ro&"e3 &" #artea #rote"cG3 !1o5"na - Jn "nd0str"a a1"%entarG se #oate 0t"1"2a sKn!e "nte!ra1 sta5"1"2at sa0 concentrat er"troc"tar 60scat73 #entr0 co1orarea #re#arate1or d"n carne s"%01atG sa0 c0 adaos s05stanI"a1 de der"$ate #rote"ce d"n so"a3 ca2e"nG3 a%"don etc - Co1orant01 sKn!e10" n0 este "nc10s Hn 1"sta ad"t"$"1or a1"%entar" a#ro5aI" de UE dar este 0n #rod0s nat0ra1 Coloran&ii c'alconici* Curcuma - este o #015ere o5I"n0tG #r"n %Gc"narea r"2o%"1or #1ante" C0rc0%a 1on!a3 care conI"ne 0n #"!%ent !a15en n0%"t c0rc0%"na3 c0 !0st #ert"c01ar3 aro%at - este 0t"1"2atG #entr0 co1orarea %ar!ar"ne"3 a e%01s""1or de !rGs"%e3 !e%0r"1or3 :e1e0r"1or3 %ar%e1ade1or3 #re#arate1or d"n carne etc Coloran&i antrac'inonici* Ro/ul 1carminul2 de co/enil% 1coc'enilla2 - o5I"n0t #r"n e<tracI"a a#oasG a co#010" 0scat a1 "nsecte" 4e%e1G Dactylopius coccus/Coccus cacti. - #r"nc"#"01 co1orant a1 co&en"1e" este ac"d01 car%"n"c 6)(M d"n cor#01 0scat a1 "nsecte"7 - ac"d01 car%"n"c este so105"1 Hn a#G &" a1coo1 C01oarea $ar"a2G c0 #H-013 ast4e1: T 1a #H = +3E P !a15en T 1a #H = A3' P $"o1et
)(

- se 0t"1"2ea2G 1a 4a5r"carea #re#arate1or d"n carne3 #e&te3 #entr0 co1orarea %e%5rane1or3 1a co1orarea cerea1e1or #entr0 %"c01 de:0n Coloran&i la3inici* Ri"o la3in #4) os atul monosodic - are c01oare !a15en-oran!e &" !0st 0&or a%ar - este so105"1 Hn a#G &" "nso105"1 Hn a1coo1 - este 0t"1"2at Hn 5G0t0r" nea1coo1"ce3 car5onatate3 #entr0 co1orarea %e%5rane1or3 Hn s#ec"a1 a co:"" 0nor t"#0r" de 5rKn2et0r" 4er%entate 6E%%enta13 Sc;Ue"2er73 #entr0 co1orarea $e!eta1e1or conser$ate Hn oIet3 sara%0ra3 01e" For%01a str0ct0ra1a a r"5o41a$"an---4os4at010" de sod"0

1.#.2. Coloranti sintetici 1de sinte5a2.

Co1orant"" s"ntet"c" sa0 art"4"c"a1" s0nt co1orant" care n0 e<"sta ca atare "n nat0ra sa0 s0nt #re2ent" "n #rod0se neco%est"5"1e3 res#ect"$e se o5t"n #r"n s"nte2a c;"%"ca 6 de e<e%#10 antoc"an"" e<tras" d"n 41or"1e de ;"5"sc0s n0 s0nt cons"derat" co1orant" nat0ra1"3 c" s0nt cons"derat" co1orant" s"ntet"c"7 Co1orant"" de s"nte2a #re2"nta "n ce1e %a" %01te ca20r" 0n n0c1e0 aro%at"c sa0 1e!at0r" con:0!ate "n care e1ectron"" s0nt s0sce#t"5"1" de a 4" e<c"tat" de an0%"te rad"at"" a1e s#ectr010" $"2"5"1 So105"1"tatea 1or "n a#a este datorata #re2ente" 0ne" !r0#ar" ac"de 6-SO*H sa0 PCOOH73 "n care ca2 co1orant"" s0nt an"on"c"3 sa0 0ne" !r0#ar" a%"nate 6-NH' sa0 NHCH*3 N6CH*7'73 "n care ca2 co1orant"" s0nt cat"on"c" Co1orant"" 0t"1"2at" "n "nd0str"a a1"%entara a#art"n 0r%atoare1or c"nc" !r0#e #re2entate "n ce1e ce 0r%ea2a 1.6rupa colorantilor a5oici 1)N7N2. In aceasta !r0#a "ntra co1orant"" care a0 dre#t !r0#ar" cro%o4ore 0na sa0 %a" %01te !r0#ar" a2o"ce 6%onoa2o3 d"a2o3 tr"a2o3 #o1"a2o7 C01oarea 1or este d"4er"ta: de 1a ros0 1a $"o1et trecand #r"n oran:3 !a15en s" 51e0 E1e #ot 4"3 de ase%enea3 ne!r" sa0 5r0n" Ce" %a" "%#ortant" #entr0 "nd0str"a a1"%entara s0ntD - tartra2"na

))

- !a15en oran: S 6!a15en FCF7- 5G0t0r" a1coo1"ce &" nea1coo1"ce3 #rod0se 2a;aroase

- a2or05"na

- #oncea0 +R- cKrnaI" 0scaI"3 !e%0r"3 :e1e0r"3 %ar%e1ade &" a1te #rod0se d"n 4r0cte

- ros0 a110ra AC

- ne!r0 5r"11"ant ,N
)'

- 5r0n HT

2.6rupa colorantilor triarilmetanului. D"n aceasta !r0#a de co1orant" 4ac #arte - a15astr01 #atent

- $erde1e 5r"11"ant

)*

Acest" co1orant" se caracter"2ea2a #r"n #re2enta 0n0" ato% de car5on centra1 de care se 1ea!a tre" n0c1ee aro%at"ce #0rtatoare de !r0#ar" ;";ro<"1"ce3 a%"ne s" a%"ne s05st"t0"te Co1orant"" d"n aceasta !r0#a s0nt3 "n !enera13 $er2" sa0 a15astre 3.6rupa colorantilor 8antenici. D"n aceasta !r0#a 4ac #arte - Er"tro2"na care este a0tor"2ata #entr0 4o1os"re ca ad"t"$

For%01a str0ct0ra1a a co1orant010" er"tro2"na :R=Na sa0 O !. Coloranti din (rupa 9uinoleinei. La acest !r0# de co1orant"3 !r0#area cro%o4or"ca este V0"no4ta1ona care con4era tenta oran: D"n acest !r0# de co1orant"3 #entr0 "nd0str"a a1"%entara este a0tor"2at !a15en01 de V0"no1e"na

#. Coloranti din (rupa indi(oului. In aceasta !r0#a de co1orant" "ntra "nd"!ot"na care are c01oarea a15astra

Ut"1"2Gr" Hn "nd0str"a a1"%entarG: - #rod0se de #an"4"caI"e - cerea1e3 Hn s#ec"a1 e<#andate - snacFs-0r" - Hn!;eIatG - #rod0se 2a;aroase3 Hn s#ec"a1 5o%5oane
)+

:. Coloranti olositi pentru colorare la supra ata. Pentr0 co1orarea de s0#ra4ata a 0nor #rod0se a1"%entare se 0t"1"2ea2a car5onat01 de ca1c"03 d"o<"d01 de t"tan3 o<"2" s" ;"dro<"2" de 4"er3 a10%"n"03 ar!"nt3 a0r3 1"to1r05"na ,O S" 1a acest" co1orant" se "%#0n 0ne1e cond"t"" de #0r"tate s" an0%e: arsen3 %a<"%0% -%!@F!D #10%53 %a<"%0% '( %!@F!D 2"nc3 %a<"%0% -( %!@F! Pentr0 d"o<"d01 de t"tan se %a" "%#0ne ca n"$e101 de ant"%on"0 sa 4"e %a<"%0% )(( %!@F!3 ce1 de 5ar"0 - %!@F! ;. Coloranti de tip <lac4. Lac0r"1e s0nt #"!%ent" "nso105"1" "n a#a3 o5t"n0t" #r"n #rec"#"tarea co1orant"1or ;"droso105"1"3 "ntr-o sare de a10%"n"0 6A1C1*7 s" #e 0n s05strat de a10%"na ;"dratata Aceste 1ac0r" co1orante se #ot 0t"1"2a 1a co1orarea 0r%atoare1or #rod0seD - #rod0se ce cont"n %ater"" !rase: dress"n!-0r" #entr0 sa1ate3 c;ec0r"3 snacF-0r"D - cr"sta1e de 2a;arD - s0#e3 5a0t0r"3 desert0r"3 cond"%enteD - %ater"a1e de a%5a1are

2. Determinarea colorantilor naturali si sintetici in produsele alimentare.

C01oarea a1"%ente1or re#re2"ntG o caracter"st"cG "%#ortantG d"n #0nct de $edere te;no1o!"c3 co%erc"a1 &" n0tr"t"$3 :0cKnd 0n ro1 "%#ortant Hn a#rec"erea ca1"tGI"" #rod0se1or a1"%entare Ea de#"nde de conI"n0t01 #"!%enI"1or 6c1oro4"1G3 caroten"3 antoc"ane3 #o1"4eno1"73 conI"n0t01 de co1oranI" nat0ra1" &" s"ntet"c" Jn "nd0str"a a1"%entarG s0nt 0t"1"2aI" atKt co1oranI" nat0ra1"3 cKt &" s"ntet"c" Ut"1"2area co1oranI"1or s"ntet"c" Hn "nd0str"a a1"%entarG este re!1e%entatG de nor%e1e san"tare a1e or!an"2aI"e" Code< A1"%entar"0s E" n0 tre50"e sa 4"e to<"c"3 &" sG n0 const"t0"e 0n r"sc #entr0 sGnGtate A.+copul lucr%rii* Ident"4"carea co1oranI"1or nat0ra1" &" s"ntet"c" Hn #rod0se1e a1"%entare 1. $rincipiul metodei* Metoda se 5a2ea2G #e #ro#r"etGI"1e #rote"ne1or a 4"5re1or de 1KnG de a a5sor5" co1oranI"" s"ntet"c"3 #e cKnd ce" nat0ra1" n0 s0nt a5sor5"I" 2. Materiale /i reacti3e* o #rod0se a1"%entare 6 s0c0r"3 5G0t0r" a1te #rod0se co1orate7D o ac"d c1or;"dr"c 6HC13 d'( = )3)/3 d"10at ): / $@$ o so10I"e de O'SO+3 )(MD o so10I"e de NaOH3 -MD o so10I"e de NH+OH3 -MD
)-

o 4"5re de 1KnG s#ec"a1 #re#arate #entr0 ana1"2G Degresarea fibrelor de ln F"5re1e de 1KnG nat0ra1G se de!resea2G c0 eter 6te%#erat0ra de +( -A( o C7 Hn a#arat01 So<1et Tre50"e de e4ect0at '--*( de s"4onGr" LKna se 0s0cG3 a#o" t"%# de cKte$a %"n0te se tratea2G ter%"c Hn so10I"e de NaON D0#G aceea 1Kna se s#a1G atent c0 a#G &" o 0scG% d"n no0 1a aer N0 se reco%andG de at"ns c0 %Kna 4"5re1e de 1KnG 3. Modul de lucru* Pregtirea probei pentru analiz * ) Pentr0 ana1"2G se "a0 *(-+( c%* de #rod0s &" se deter%"nG $a1oarea #H 1a "ono%etr01 WX- 8A Jn ca2 dacG #rod0s01 este concentrat3 at0nc" #entr0 ana1"2G se "a0 n0%a" )(-)- c%* &" se d"10ea2G c0 a#G d"st"1atG #KnG 1a $o10%01 de *(-+( c%* * ' DacG $a1oarea #H P01 so10I"e" a 4ost %a" %"c decKt A-83 #ro5a se ne0tra1"2ea2G c0 a%on"ac 6-M7 #KnG 1a $a1oarea #H-010" 83( Ne0tra1"2area se e4ect0ea2G Hn 4e101 0r%Gtor Jn so10I"e se "ntrod0c e1ectro2"" "ono%er010" C0 a:0tor01 0ne" 5"0rete se ada0!G so10I"a NH+OH #KnG cKnd #H-01 at"n!e $a1oarea A38-83( So10I"a se a!"tG #er%anent * * D0#G ne0tra1"2are Hn so10I"e se "ntrod0c - %1 de O 'SO+ Pa;ar01 c0 so10I"e se HncG12e&te #KnG 1a 4"er5ere Hn 5a"a de a#G Jn so10I"e se "ntrod0ce o #orI"0ne de 4"5re de 1KnG de!resate Hn #rea1a5"1 Se 1asG Hn re#a0s - %"n0te * + Peste - %"n0te 4"5re1e se e<tra! d"n so10I"e &" se s#a1G 5"ne c0 a#G rece Se ana1"2ea2G c01oarea 4"5re1or Pre2enIa co1oranI"1or s"ntet"c" este "nd"catG #r"n co1orarea 1Kn"" * - So10I"a d"n care a0 4ost e<trase 4"5re1e de 1KnG se ac"d01ea2G c0 *-+ #"cGt0r" de HC13 #KnG 1a #H-01 *3(--3( Jn so10I"e se "ntrod0ce a1tG #orI"0ne de 4"5re Se 1asG Hn re#a0s )( %"n0te * A D0#G )( %"n0te3 1Kna se e<tra!e3 se s#a1G &" se e<a%"nea2G c01oarea e" Se 4ac conc102"" as0#ra co1orGr"" 1Kn"" Hn %ed"01 ac"d Pre2enIa co1oranI"1or s"ntet"c" Hn #rod0se1e a1"%entare este "nd"catG de co1orarea 1Kn"" Co1oranI"" 5a2"c" se 4"<ea2G %a" 5"ne #e 4"5re1e de 1KnG Hn %ed"0 ne0tr0 sa0 s1a5 a1ca1"n Co1oranI"" ac"2" se 4"<ea2G Hn %ed"" ac"de3 HnsG #ot 4" 4"<aI" s1a5 &" Hn %ed"" ne0tre DacG co1oranI"" s0nt nat0ra1"3 at0nc" 1Kna rG%Kne neco1oratG !.Interpretarea re5ultatelor Jn 5a2a date1or e<#er"%enta1e se 4ac conc102"" re4er"tor 1a nat0ra co1oranI"1or -. +copul lucr%rii* Determinarea (radului de esteri icare a su"stantelor pectice. S05stanIe1e #ect"ce s0nt ;etero#o1"!10c"de1e #o1"%er"ce a1cGt0"te d"n rest0r"1e %o1ec01e1or a ac"d010" D- !a1act0ron"c: 0n"te Hntre e1e c0 1e!Gt0r" )3+-!1"co2"d"ce:
COOH OH COOH

O O

OH

O O
OH

OH OH

COOCH3

OH

)A

Jn %acro%o1ec01a #ect"ne" n0%Gr01 !r0#Gr"1or car5o<"1"ce 6-COOH7 &" a ce1or car5o<"1"ce %eto<"ate 6-COOOCH *7 este $ar"a5"1G Jn 40ncI"e de conI"n0t01 !r0#Gr"1or PCOOH &" -COOOCH* #ect"ne1e se H%#art Hn do0G !r0#e: #ect"na s1a5 ester"4"catG 6%eto<"1atG7 - conI"n0t01 !r0#Gr"1or car5o<"1"ce 6-COOH7 este %a" %are de ++M d"n n0%Gr01 tota1 de !r0#Gr" car5o<"1 &" 6-COOOCH*7 #ect"na #0tern"c ester"4"catG3 conI"ne %a" %01t de ++M de !r0#Gr" %eto<"1ate 6COOOCH*7 d"n n0%Gr01 tota1 a1 !r0#Gr"1or car5o<"1 Ra#ort01 d"ntre conI"n0t01 !r0#Gr"1or car5o<"1"ce &" car5o<"1"ce %eto<"1ate 6-COOH @-COOOCH*7 deter%"nG #ro#r"etGI"1e 4"2"co-c;"%"ce a1e #ect"ne": ca#ac"tatea de !e1"4"care3 a5sor5I"a %eta1e1or !re1e etc +copul lucr%rii* deter%"narea !rad010" de ester"4"care3 %eto<"1are a s05stanIe1or #ect"ce

1. $rincipiul metodei* Grad01 de ester"4"care a #ect"ne" 6M7 se sta5"1e&te #r"n ra#ort01 $o10%010" de NaOH3 care se 0t"1"2ea2G #entr0 deter%"narea !r0#Gr"1or PCOOH &" PCOOCH * Deter%"narea !r0#Gr"1or PCOOH se e4ect0ea2G #r"n t"trarea so10I"e" de #ect"nG c0 NaOH Hn #re2enIa "nd"cator010" H"nton
COOH O COONa O

NaOH

H2O

Gr0#Gr"1e PCOOH se deter%"nG Hn #r"%01 rKnd PCOOH #r"n #roces01 de sa#on"4"care a #ect"ne:
COOCH3 COONa
O O

NaOH

+ CH3OH

N0%Gr01 !r0#Gr"1or PCOONa3 care s-a0 4or%at Hn #roces01 de sa#on"4"care se deter%"nG #r"n a do0a t"trare a so10I"e" de #ect"nG c0 NaOH 2. Materiale /i reacti3i Vase con"ce Er;en%e2er de *(( c%* -'D 5a!;ete de st"c1G -'D 5"0retG c0 $o10% de -( c%*-'3 #"#etG !radatG )(( c%* -)D #a;ar ,er2e1"0s de )(( c%*3 ;"dro<"d de sod"0 6NaOH73 (3) %o1@d%*D ac"d c1or;"dr"c 6HC173 (3) %o1@d%*3 "nd"cator H"nton3 #ect"nG #ra4 ra4"natG3 a1coo1 et"1"c /AM 3. Modul de lucru Determinarea gruprilor carboxilice n pectin
)8

3.1. La 5a1anIa ana1"t"cG se cKntGresc do0G #ro5e de #ect"nG ra4"natG a cKte (3*.(3! Pro5e1e se trec cant"tat"$ Hn $ase con"ce de *(( c%* Pentr0 a #re$en" 4or%area !ran01e1or de #ect"nG3 #ro5a se 0%ectea2G c0 cKte$a #"cGt0r" de a1coo1 et"1"c de /AM 3.2. Jn 4"ecare $as c0 #ro5a de #ect"nG se ada0!G cKte )(( c% * a#G d"st"1atG ConI"n0t01 se a!"tG &" se 1asG Hn re#a0s *( %"n0te 3.3. D0#G re#a0s $ase1e se HncG12esc #KnG 1a te%#erat0ra de +(-A( o C &" a!"tG% so10I"a #KnG 1a d"2o1$area co%#1etG de #ect"ne 3.!. Jn so10I"e se "ntrod0c cKte A #"cGt0r" de "nd"cator H"nton So10I""1e de #ect"nG se t"trea2G c0 NaOH 6(3) %o1@17 #KnG 1a a#ar"I"a c01or"" ro2e3 care este sta5"1G ce1 #0I"n *( sec0nde ConI"n0t01 !r0#Gr"1or car5o<"1"ce "n %o1ec01e1e #ect"ne" se ca1c01ea2G d"n re1aI"a: Oc =
!)

< (3+-

6)7

0nde Oc este cant"tatea !r0#Gr"1or car5o<"1"ce3 MD V) P $o10%01 so10I"e" NaOH 4o1os"te #entr0 t"trare3 c%*D G P %asa #ro5e" de #ect"nG 10atG #entr0 ana1"2G3 !D (3+- P cant"tatea de !r0#Gr" PCOOH 6)3( c%* de NaOH cores#0nde (3((+- ! de !r0#Gr" PCOOH a #ect"ne" #r"n t"trare 7 Determinarea gruprilor carboxilice metoxilate 3.#. Jn so10I"a de #ect"nG care a 4ost 0t"1"2atG #entr0 deter%"narea !r0#Gr"1or car5o<"1"ce 1"5ere3 se "ntrod0c cKte -( %1 NaOH (3) %o1@1 case1e con"ce se ast0#G c0 do#0r" Mostre1e se 1asG Hn re#a0s A( %"n0te 1a te%#erat0ra ca%ere"3 #entr0 sG#0n"4"carea !r0#Gr"1or car5o<"1"ce %eto<"1ate 3.:. D0#G aceea Hn so10I"a de #ect"nG se ada0!G d"n 5"0retG cKte -( %1 de HC1 (3) %o1@1 So10I""1e se a!"tG A#o" t"trG% c0 NaOH (3) %o1@1 #entr0 a ne0tra1"2a e<ces01 de HC1 3.;. Vo10%01 de so10I"e NaOH3 care a 4ost 0t"1"2at 1a a do0a t"trare 6V '73 cores#0nde cant"tGI"" !r0#Gr"1or ester"4"cate 6Oe7 Hn #ro5a ana1"2atG de #ect"nG &" se ca1c01ea2G ast4e1: Oe =
!'

<(3+-

0nde Oe - conI"n0t01 !r0#Gr"1or ester"4"cate sa0 %eto<"1ate3 MD V' P $o10%01 de so10I"e NaOH (3) %o1@1 0t"1"2at #entr0 a do0a t"trare3 %1 D G P %asa #ro5e" de #ect"nG3 ! 3.=. ConI"n0t01 tota1 a1 !r0#Gr"1or car5o<"1"ce 1"5ere &" ester"4"cate Hn #ect"na cercetatG se deter%"nG c0 a:0tor01 4or%01e" : Ot = Oc Y Oe 6*7 0nde Ot este conI"n0t01 tota1 a1 !r0#Gr"1or car5o<"1"ce3 M Grad01 de %eto<"1are a1 #ect"ne" se ca1c01ea2G ast4e1:
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6+7 se sta5"1e&te d"n re1aI"a :

0nde Me P !rad01 de %eto<"1are a1 #ect"ne"3 M 3.> Grad01 de ester"4"care a1 #ect"ne"

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E= ! +! x)(( 6-7 ) ' 0nde E - !rad01 de ester"4"care a1 #ect"ne3 M V) - $o10%01 so10I"e" de NaOH (3) %o1@1 0t"1"2at 1a V' - $o10%01 so10I"e" de NaOH (3) %o1@1 0t"1"2at 1a !.Interpretarea re5ultatelor

#r"%a t"trare3%1D a do0a t"trare3%1D

D"n date1e o5I"n0te se deter%"nG %ed"a ar"t%et"cG a !rad010" de ester"4"care a1 #ect"ne" Se 4ac conc102"" re4er"tor 1a !rad01 de ester"4"care a s05stanIe1or #ect"ce C Cro%ato!ra4"a de 1"c;"de de Hna1tG #er4or%anIG Hn1oc0"e&te $ec;"1e %etode cro%ato!ra4"ce de ana1"2G a co1oranI"1or a1"%entar" 6cro%ato!ra4"a Hn strat s05I"re3 cro%ato!ra4"a #e ;Krt"e7 40rn"2Knd re201tate #rec"se3 re#rod0ct"5"1e &" ra#"de 1. Stabilirea naturii colorantului i extracia sa din proba de analizat Se a#1"ca o %etodZ de testare ca1"tat"$G a #rod0se1or a1"%entare #entr0 a #0tea deter%"na nat0ra co1orant010" "ntrod0s Hn #roces01 de 4a5r"caI"e Metoda #er%"te sta5"1"rea nat0r"" co1orant010" 4o1os"t &" an0%e: nat0ra1 sa0 s"ntet"c DacG co1orant01 este s"ntet"c3 acesta este e<tras ra#"d d"n #ro5G Hntr-0n a%estec a#G%etano1 8@* Se o5ser$G $"20a1 o co1orare "ntensG a a%estec010" de e<tracI"e3 s"t0aI"e care n0 a#are Hn ca201 Hn care co1orant01 este nat0ra1 DacG Hn 0r%a aceste" testGr" ca1"tat"$e3 se constatG #re2enIa Hn #ro5G a 0n0" co1orant s"ntet"c3 se trece 1a e<tracI"a acest0"a Hn $ederea do2Gr"" 10" cant"tat"$e 2. Determinarea coloranilor alimentari sintetici Este o %etodG HPLC de deter%"nare a 0nor co1oranI" a1"%entar" s"ntet"c"3 &" an0%e: tartra2"nG3 #oncea0 + R3 a110ra red &" !a15en de c;"no1"nG Se Hncerca %a" HntK" se#ararea co1oranI"1or s"ntet"c" %enI"onaI" 0t"1"2Knd o co1oanG cro%ato!ra4"cG Pecos#;ere C)E3 - [%3 )-( < +3A %% 6,roUnLee73 o 4a2G %o5"1G const"t0"tZ d"ntr-0n a%estec acetat de a%on"0:%etano1 68:*3 $@$7 &" 0n de5"t a1 4a2e" %o5"1e de (38 %L@%"n DetecI"a co1oranI"1or a1"%entar" s"ntet"c" se#araI" se e4ect0ea2a s#ectro4oto%etr"c3 c0 a:0tor01 detector010" d"ode arraS a1 s"ste%010" HPLC Co1oranI"" #oncea0 + R &" !a15en01 de c;"no1"nG a0 t"%#"" de retenI"e 4oarte a#ro#"aI" &" n0 se se#arZ C0 toate cG ce" do" co1oranI" n0 se #ot se#ara cro%ato!ra4"c3 e" #ot 4" tot0&" deter%"naI" #r"n e4ect0area de %Zs0rZtor" de a5sor5anIZ 1a 10n!"%ea de 0ndG de -(8 n% #entr0 deter%"narea #oncea0 + R 6!a15en01 de c;"no1"nG n0 a5soar5e 1a aceastG 10n!"%e de 0ndG7 &" 1a +)* n% #entr0 !a15en de c;"no1"nG De ase%enea3 Hn ca201 ana1"2e" 0nor #ro5e rea1e3 Hn $ederea "dent"4"cGr"" co%#0s010" se#arat3 este reco%andatG co%#ararea s#ectre1or de a5sor5I"e a1e co%#0&"1or se#araI" 6c0 t"%#"" de retenI"e Hn :0r01 $a1or"" de * %"n7 c0 s#ectr01 4"ecGr0"a d"n ce" do" co1oranI" 6#oncea0 + R &" !a15en de c;"no1"nG7
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Se 4o1oseste o co1oanG cro%ato!ra4"cG c0 ace1ea&" caracter"st"c" !enera1e3 dar #rod0sG de a1tG 4"r%G 6S0#e1co73s" se o5I"n #"c0r" cro%ato!ra4"ce 5"ne se#arate #entr0 co1oranI"" a1"%entar" s"ntet"c" #oncea0 + R &" !a15en de c;"no1"nG Para%etr"" %etode" cro%ato!ra4"ce 0t"1"2ate s0nt #re2entaI" Hn ta5e101 0r%Gtor: co1oana 4a2a %o5"1a De5"t Te%#erat0ra co1oane" detector Vo10% de "n:ect"e Co1oana c0 4a2a "n$ersa s0#e1cos"1 C )E -9%3 )-(<+ A %% Acetat de a%on"0 ( )M: %etano1 : 8:* 6$@$7 ( 8 %1@%"n *8\C UV V"s t"# D"ode ArraS )(91

Jn 4"!0r"1e ) &" ' s0nt #re2entate cro%ato!ra%e1e ce se o5I"n #entr0 tartra2"nG &" !a15en01 de c;"no1"nG 4o1os"nd cea de a do0a co1oanG cro%ato!ra4"cG 6 +upelcosil73 #rec0% &" s#ectre1e de a5sor5I"e cores#0n2Ztoare acestora3 s#ectre trasate c0 detector01 d"ode arraS a1 a#arat010" HPLC S#re deose5"re de cro%ato!ra%e1e o5I"n0te #entr0 #oncea0 +R3 a110ra red &" tartra2"nG3 Hn care s-a o5I"n0t cKte 0n #"c cro%ato!ra4"c 5"ne de4"n"t cores#0n2Gtor 4"ecGr0"a d"n co1oranI"" %enI"onaI"3 #entr0 co1orant01 !a15en de c;"no1"nG cro%ato!ra%a este const"t0"tG d"n c"nc" #"c0r" cro%ato!ra4"ce Co1orant01 s"ntet"c !a15en de c;"no1"nG se #re2"ntG s05 4or%a 0n0" a%estec de sGr0r" de sod"0 a1e 0nor ac"2" d" &" tr"s014on"c" N0%Gr01 &" #o2"I"a !r0#Gr"1or s014on"ce #e n0c1e01 5en2en"c3 e<#1"cG co%#orta%ent01 cro%ato!ra4"c d"4er"t a1 co%#onente1or!a15en010" de c;"no1"nG

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F"!0ra ) Cro%ato!ra%a #entr0 co1orant01 tartra2"nG &" s#ectr01 de a5sor5I"e cores#0n2Gtor acest0"a DacG se co%#arG a10ra s#ectre1or de a5sor5I"e cores#0n2Gtoare #"c0r"1or cro%ato!ra4"ce ce se o5I"n 1a se#ararea co%#onente1or !a15en010" de c;"no1"nG 64"!0ra )73 se o5ser$G cG 4or%a acestora este ase%GnGtoare Acest 10cr0 se #oate e<#1"ca #r"n 4a#t01 cZ este #re2entZ aceea&" !r0#are cro%o4orZ Hn toate co%#onente1e a%estec010"3 dar n0%Gr01 &" #o2"I"a !r0#Gr"1or s014on"ce d"n %o1ec01a acestora deter%"nG 0n co%#orta%ent cro%ato!ra4"c d"4er"t #entr0 4"ecare co%#onent Jn 4"!0ra * este #re2entatG cro%ato!ra%a ce se o5I"ne #entr0 a%estec01 4or%at d"n ce" #atr0 co1oranI" a1"%entar" s"ntet"c" ana1"2aI": #oncea0 +R3 a110ra red3 tartra2"nG3 !a15en de c;"no1"nG St0d""nd cro%ato!ra%a #re2entatG Hn 4"!0ra * se o5ser$G cZ se o5I"n #"c0r" cro%ato!ra4"ce 5"ne de4"n"te #entr0 tartra2"nG3 #oncea0 +R &" a110ra red

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F"!0ra ' Cro%ato!ra%a #entr0 co1orant01 !a15en de c;"no1"nG &" s#ectre1e de a5sor5I"e cores#0n2Gtoare d"4er"te1or co%#onente a1e acest0"a Jn ca201 co1orant010" s"ntet"c !a15en de c;"no1"nG3 se o5I"ne 0n s"n!0r #"c cro%ato!ra4"c %a" %"c3 care cores#0nde #"c010" ce1 %a" #roe%"nent d"n cro%ato!ra%a o5I"n0tG #entr0 #ro5a eta1on a acest0"a Acest 10cr0 se #oate e<#1"ca #r"n 4a#t01 cG deter%"nGr"1e se e4ect0ea2a 1a +-( n%3 0nde a5sor5anIa cores#0n2Gtoare acest0" co1orant este %"cG P"c0r"1e cores#0n2Gtoare ce1or1a1te 4or%e s05 care se !Gse&te co1orant013 4"e n0 s0nt #0se Hn e$"denIZ3 4""nd 4oarte %"c"3 4"e se s0#ra#0n #este #"c01 tartra2"ne" 6#"c01 c0 t"%#01 de retenI"e '3(E %"n3 4"!0ra )73 sa0 a1 #oncea0 +R 6#"c01 c0 t"%#01 de retenI"e *3)/ %"n3 4"!0ra '7 D"n acest %ot"$ se cons"derG cG aceasta %etoda de&" #er%"te "dent"4"carea ce1or #atr0 co1oranI" Hn a%estec n0 este adec$atG #entr0 deter%"narea 1or cant"tat"$G 6at0nc" cKnd s0nt #re2enI" toI" #atr0 Hntr-0n a%estec7 Pot 4" HnsG e4ect0ate deter%"nGr" cant"tat"$e #entr0 0r%Gtoare1e a%estec0r" de co1oranI": tartra2"nG3 #oncea0 +R &" a110ra red sa0 !a15en de c;"no1"nG &" a110ra red De ce1e %a" %01te or"3 acest 10cr0 este s04"c"ent deoarece Hntr-0n #rod0s a1"%entar se "ntrod0c 0n n0%Gr red0s de co1oranI"3 de ce1e %a" %01te or" 0n01 s"n!0r

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F"!0ra * Cro%ato!ra%a a%estec010" 4or%at d"n ce" #atr0 co1oranI" s"ntet"c" ana1"2aI" 3. Analiza unor probe reale Jn 4"!0ra +3 se #re2"ntG 0n e<e%#10 de ana1"2G ca1"tat"$G a 0n0" co1orant s"ntet"c d"ntr-o #ro5G de ca5anos Se #re2"ntG cro%ato!ra%e1e 64"!0ra - a &" - 57 &" s#ectre1e de a5sor5I"e 64"!0ra - c7 a1e 0n0" standard de co1orant s"ntet"c &" a1e co1orant010" d"n #ro5a de ca5anos PRINCIPIUL METODEI: este ce1 #re2entat 1a #0ncte1e ) s" ' MATERIALE NECESARE: Pro5a 6e<tras ra#"d d"n ca5anos Hntr-0n a%estec a#G-%etano1 8@*7D s"ste% HPLC c0 co1oanG cro%ato!ra4"cG Pecos#;ere C)ED s"ste% HPLC c0 co1oanG cro%ato!ra4"cG S0#e1cos"1D s#ectro4oto%etr0 c0 detector d"ode arraSD

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MOD DE LUCRU: d"n re2er$oare1e conI"nKnd 0n01 sa0 %a" %01I" so1$enI" #o%#a 6sa0 #o%#e1e73 a1"%entea2G co1oana c0 e10ent 6de re!01a 0n a%estec de do" sa0 %a" %01I" so1$enI"7D "n "%ed"ata $ec"nGtate a co1oane" se "ntrod0ce #ro5a6e<tras ra#"d d"n #ro5G Hntr-0n a%estec a#G-%etano1 8@*73 a0to%at3 #r"n "nter%ed"01 0n0" $ent"1 c0 by pass# "n co1oana a41ata Hntr-o et0$a ter%ostat3 are 1oc se#ararea #ro#r"0-2"saD E410ent01 co1oane" "ntra Hntr-0n detector de 0nde co%#onent013 daca este se#arat co%#1et3 #oate 4" co1ectat s" "2o1at3 c0 a:0tor01 0n0" co1ector de 4racI"0n"D Se%na101 este Hnre!"strat 4"e c0 0n Hnre!"strator 6detector73 4"e d"rect Hn %e%or"a 0n0" ca1c01ator CONCLUZII: S-a "dent"4"cat #r"n %etoda HPLC Hntr-0n #re#arat de carne 6ca5anos7 #re2enIa co1orant010" s"ntet"c #oncea0 +R co%#arKnd $a1or"1e t"%#"1or de retenI"e #entr0 0n standard care conI"ne #oncea0 +R &" #entr0 co1orant01 e<tras d"n #ro5a de ana1"2a S-a con4"r%at #re2enIa co1orant010" #oncea0 +R Hn #ro5a ana1"2atZ #r"n co%#ararea s#ectre1or Hnre!"strate #entr0 co%#0&"" cores#0n2Gtor" ce1e do0G #"c0r" &" an0%e: a1 co1orant010" #oncea0 +R &" a1 co1orant010" d"n #ro5a ana1"2atG S#ectre1e Hnre!"strate s0nt 4oarte ase%Znatoare3 ceea ce con4"r%G #re2enIa co1orant010" Poncea0 +R Hn #re#arat01 de carne ana1"2at Este "%#ortantZ deter%"narea co1oranI"1or s"ntet"c" d"n #re#arate de carne3 c;"ar 1a concentraI"" 4oarte %"c"3 deoarece Hn Iara noastrG este "nter2"sG 4o1os"rea aceste" c1ase de co%#0&" Hn carne &" #re#arate d"n carne

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F"!0ra - Cro%ato!ra%e1e &" s#ectre1e de a5sor5I"e #entr0 co1orant01 d"ntr-o #ro5G de ca5anos &" #entr0 0n standard de co1orant s"ntet"c 6Poncea0 +R7 0nde: a7 cro%ato!ra%a o5I"n0tG #entr0 standard01 de Poncea0 +RD 57 cro%ato!ra%a o5I"n0tG #entr0 co1orant01 d"n #ro5a deca5anosD c7 s#ectr01 de a5sor5I"e a1 standard010" de Poncea0 +R3 #rec0% &" a1 co1orant010" d"n #ro5a de ca5anos 4.Scurt rezumat al lucrarii S-a #re2entat o %oda1"tate de sta5"1"re a nat0r"" co1orant010" 4o1os"t Hntr-0n #rod0s a1"%entar3 co1orant care #oate 4" nat0ra1 sa0 s"ntet"cD 0r%ea2a o %etodG HPLC a#1"ca5"1Z #entr0 ana1"2a 0nor co1oranI" a1"%entar" s"ntet"c" d"n carne &" #re#arate d"n carne Metoda e1a5oratG #er%"te "dent"4"carea a #atr0 co1oranI" a1"%entar" d"n #re#arate de carne3 #re2enI" Hn a%estec: tartra2"nG3 #oncea0 +R3 !a15en de c;"no1"nG &" a110ra red Deter%"nGr" cant"tat"$e se #ot e4ect0a #entr0 a%estec0r" const"t0"te d"n 0r%Gtor"" co1oranI" a1"%entar": tartra2"nG3 #oncea0 +R &" a110ra red3 sa0 !a15en de c;"no1"nG &" a110ra red Aceasta dator"tG 4a#t010" cG3 !a15en01 de c;"no1"nG este const"t0"t d"ntr-0n a%estec de c"nc" co%#0&"3 #"c0r"1e cro%ato!ra4"ce a1e acestora #0tKnd0-se s0#ra#0ne #este #"c0r"1e ce1or1a1I" co1oranI" e$ent0a1 #re2enI" Hn #ro5a de ana1"2at De&" 1e!"s1aI"a d"n Iara noastrG n0 #er%"te 0t"1"2area co1oranI"1or a1"%entar" s"ntet"c" Hn carne &" #re#arate d"n carne3 a 4ost #0sG Hn e$"denIG c0 a:0tor01 %etode" de ana1"2G e1a5orate3 #re2enIa 0n0" co1orant s"ntet"c 6#oncea0 +R7 Hntr-0n #re#arat de carne 6ca5anos7 Metoda st0d"atG #oate 4" a#1"catG c0 s0cces &" 1a ana1"2a a1tor t"#0r" de #ro5e3 c0% ar 4" 5G0t0r"1e rGcor"toare D.?olosirea colorantilor naturali si sintetici in industria "auturilor. Culoarea este o Hns0&"re a ca1"tGI"" sen2or"a1e a 0n0" #rod0s a1"%entar care3 a1Gt0r" de4or%G3 %Gr"%e3 str0ct0rG &" as#ect01 !enera1 a1 acest0"a3 contr"50"e 1a #erce#I"a $"20a1G a cons0%ator010" Este 5"ne-c0nosc0t 4a#t01 cG as#ect01 0n0" #rod0s a1"%entar sa0 a1 0ne" 5G0t0r" de#"nde Hn %are %Gs0rG de 4a#t01 cG acesta este sa0 n0 co1orat Culoarea unei "%uturi este 0n #ara%etr0 !re0 de e$"denI"at Hn #ro40n2"%e3 dar 4oarte "%#ortant Hn c1as"4"carea &" sta5"1"rea ca1"tGI"" aceste"a Pentr0 a sat"s4ace #re4er"nIa cons0%ator010" #entr0 5G0t0r" co1orate3 se rec0r!e adesea 1a adaos0r" de co1oranI" s"ntet"c" &"@sa0 nat0ra1"3 care #ot 4" "nter2"&" sa0 n0 de 1e!e Pos"5"1"tatea de detectare a co1oranI"1or 0t"1"2aI" 1a #re#ararea 5G0t0r"1or nea1coo1"ce 6concentrate3 rGcor"toare3 ener!"2ante7 &" a1coo1"ce 61"c;"or0r"3 U;"sFS3 5G0t0r" #re#arate d"n $"n P $er%0t3 con"ac etc 7 este 4oarte "%#ortantG #entr0 contro101 ca1"tGI"" acestor #rod0se Coloran&ii alimentari inclu/i @n lista E)urilor 6E )(( P E )E'7 s0nt "ntens 4o1os"I" Hn "nd0str"a #rod0cer"" 5G0t0r"1or Caracter"2area c01or"" 5G0t0r"1or 4ace s05"ect01 a n0%eroase cercetGr" Hn do%en"0 A#ar"I"a #e #"aIG a 0ne" !a%e $ar"ate de 5G0t0r" co1orate art"4"c"a13 r"d"cG HnsG #ro51e%a co1orGr"" art"4"c"a1e &" "%#0ne 0n contro1 r"!0ros a1 ca1"tGI"" &" cant"tGI"" co1oranI"1or 4o1os"I" Ca 0r%are3 cercetGr" s#ec"4"ce de act0a1"tate #entr0 deter%"narea co1oranI"1or #re2enI" Hn 5G0t0r" s0nt a5so10t necesare
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Autenticitatea "%uturilor /i securitatea c'imic% a acestora s0nt #ara%etr" deose5"t de "%#ortanI" care #ot 4" con4"r%aI" #r"n re201tate1e ana1"2e1or e4ect0ate &" care 4ac #os"5"1G de1"%"tarea 5G0t0r"1or or"!"na1e de ce1e 4a1s"4"cate Jn stad"01 act0a13 #ro51e%a a0tent"c"tGI""3 aca1"tGI"" &" a s"!0ranIe" c;"%"ce a 5G0t0r"1or de #e #"aIa ro%KneascG este str"n!entG deoarece s"ste%01 de contro1 e<"stent se %an"4estG doar Hn ca201 a#ar"I"e" 0nor ses"2Gr" a1e cons0%ator010"3 este s05d"%ens"onat &" re2o1$G doar o #a1etG restrKnsG d"n #ro51e%e1e r"d"cate de cons0%ator N0%Gr01 1a5oratoare1or de contro1 a1 ca1"tGI"" #rod0se1or a1"%entare este %"c &" n0 #osedG %etode %oderne de 10cr0 standard"2ate I%#ortanIa co%erc"a1G cons"dera5"1G a 5G0t0r"1or3 H%#re0nG c0 re!01"1e str"cte de contro1 a1 ca1"tGI"" neces"tG de2$o1tarea 0nor %etode adec$ate &" s"!0re #entr0 deter%"narea co1oranI"1or a1"%entar" cont"n0I" Metodele de anali5% i5ico)c'imic% a co1oranI"1or a1"%entar" d"n 5G0t0r" a0 %en"rea de a "nter$en" Hn %ecan"s%01 de contro1 a1 con4or%"tGI"" et"c;etG-co%#o2"I"e3 contr"50"nd ast4e1 1a d"%"n0area a5020r"1or #rod0cGtor"1or Pentr0 cG Hn #rod0se1e a1"%entare co1oranI"" s"ntet"c" se 4o1osesc Hn cant"tGI" e<tre% de %"c"3 care n0 deter%"nG 0n !0st ses"2a5"13 "ar #reI01 de cost este deose5"t de a$anta:os #entr0 #rod0cGtor"3 tentaI"a 0t"1"2Gr"" 1or #entr0 a "%"ta #rod0se1e nat0ra1e #oate 4" 4oarte %are Ident"4"carea 0t"1"2Gr"" co1oranI"1or a1"%entar" Hn sco#01 "10strat %a" s0s re#re2"ntG 0n a1t o5"ect"$ care :0st"4"cG e1a5orarea %etode1or de ana1"2G 4"2"coc;"%"cG a co1oranI"1or a1"%entar" d"n 5G0t0r" Este #re2entat 0n st0d"0 de 1"terat0rG de s#ec"a1"tate #r"$"nd %etode1e 0t"1"2ate #entr0 ana1"2a ca1"tat"$G &" cant"tat"$G a co1oranI"1or nat0ra1" &" de s"nte2G E<"stG o !a%G 1ar!G de %etode de ana1"2G3 destr0ct"$e &" nedestr0ct"$e 0t"1"2ate #entr0 ana1"2a 5G0t0r"1or: %etode s#ectro4oto-%etr"ce: UV-V"s3 s#ectrosco#"e IR 6FTIR3 NIR73 %etode cro%ato!ra4"ce: GC3 GCMS3 HPLC3 HPTLC3 TLC3 HPLC-MS3 %etode e1ectroc;"%"ce3 e1ectro4ore2a ca#"1arG3 s#ectro%etr"e de %asG etc Metodele de anali5% a coloran&ilor alimentari 4"e cG s0nt %etode e1ectroc;"%"ce3 4"e cG s0nt %etode s#ectro4oto%etr"ce sa0 %etode cro%ato!ra4"ce3 e1e tre50"e sG Hntr0neascG an0%"te cr"ter"" de #er4or%anIG3 cr"ter"" care se re4erG 1a 1"%"ta de detecI"e &" de deter%"nareD 1a "nter4erenIG &" n0 Hn 01t"%01 rKnd 1a s"!0ranIa re201tat010" dat &" a cost0r"1or 1e!ate de ana1"2G Jn 5a2a date1or d"n 1"terat0rG3 se o5ser$G ca te;n"c"1e cro%ato!ra4"ce de ana1"2G s0nt 4oarte #er%"s"$e d"n #0nct de $edere a1 $ar"etGI"" co%#0&"1or care #ot 4" ana1"2aI" Ast4e1 dator"tG #er4or%anIe1or o5I"n0te3 te;n"c"1e cro%ato!ra4"ce s-a0 consacrat ca te;n"c" 020a1e de ana1"2G a co1oranI"1or a1"%entar" A0 4ost se1ectaI" co1oranI"" nat0ra1" &" de s"nte2G ce" %a" 4rec$ent 0t"1"2aI" #entr0 co1orarea art"4"c"a1G a 5G0t0r"1or Jn 0r%a ana1"2e" cr"t"ce a date1or de s#ec"a1"tate s-a0 se1ectat %etode1e %oderne de ana1"2G a acestor co1oranI" care #ot 4" 4o1os"I" c;"ar &" 1a 4a1s"4"carea 5G0t0r"1or A0 4ost e4ect0ate cercetGr" de 1a5orator #re1"%"nare #r"$"nd deter%"narea 0nor co1oranI" s"ntet"c" 6tartra2"ne3 s0nset Se11oU3 car%o"s"ne3 V0"no1"ne Se11oU3 car%"ne3 Poncea0 +R3 ,0rnt S0!ar3 Cara%e1 ,roUn3 DarF C;oco1ate3 ,r"11"ant ,1acF3 5r"11"ant ,10e7 &" a co1oranI"1or nat0ra1" 6antoc"an"3 5caroten3 Enoco1or - e<tract nat0ra1 d"n coa:G de str0!0re73 0t"1"2Knd %etode s#ectrosco#"ce 6FTIR3 UV-V"s73 %etode cro%ato!ra4"ce 6HPLC - H"!; Per4or%ance L"V0"d C;ro%ato!ra#;S &" TLC - T;"n LaSer C;ro%ato!ra#;S7 A 4ost rea1"2atG o 5a2G de date #r"$"nd s#ectre1e IR &" UV-V"s #entr0 )+ co1oranI" co%erc"a1" de #ro$en"enIG nat0ra1G sa0
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s"ntet"cG 6Tartra2"nG3 S0nset ]e11oU3 Car%o"s"nG3 Poncea0 +R3 ,r"11"ant ,1acF ,N %"n E(M3 ^0"no1"ne ]e11oU %"n 8(M3 ,r"11"ant ,10e FCF %"n E-M3 Cara%e1 ,roUn S;ade /)M3 DarF C;oco1ate S;ade E)M3 ,0rnt S0!ar P-_S3 Cara%e1 L-_S3 Enoc"an"nG (3AM L_S3 5- Caroten -M L-_S3 Car%"n '(M P-_S7 care #ot 4" 0t"1e Hn ana1"2a ca1"tat"$G 1a "dent"4"carea &" con4"r%area #re2enIe" 0nor co1oranI" Re201tate1e o5I"n0te aratG cG s#ectrosco#"a o#t"cG #oate 4" 0t"1"2atG c0 s0cces #entr0 "dent"4"carea co%#onente1or #rod0se1or co%erc"a1"2ate ca &" co1oranI" dar3 a$Knd Hn $edere sens"5"1"tatea 1a adaos0r"1e #re2ente Hn 0n"" #rod0&"3 re201tate1e o5I"n0te #r"n aceastG %etodG de ana1"2G tre50"e core1ate c0 ce1e o5I"n0te #r"n a1te %etode de "n$est"!are MenI"onG% cG s#ectre1e UV-V"s s0nt 0t"1e #entr0 sta5"1"rea 10n!"%"" de 0ndG o#t"%G #entr0 detecI"a HPLC Ana1"2a #r"n HPLC este o %etodG de ana1"2G #er4or%antG &" ra#"dG Dator"tG re2o10I"e"3 sens"5"1"tGI"" &" #rec"2"e" aceasta a de$en"t Hn 01t"%"" an" %etoda #re4eratG de %01I" ana1"&t"3 Hn s#ec"a1 at0nc" cKnd este necesarG ana1"2a co%#0&"1or ne$o1at"1" A0 4ost rea1"2ate cercetGr" #re1"%"nare3 o5I"nKnd0-se o 50nG se#arare #r"n HPLC a &ase co1oranI" de s"nte2G: tartra2"nG3 s0nset Se11oU3 car%o"2"nG3 #oncea0 +R3 5r"11"ant 510e &" 5r"11"ant 51acF Pentr0 st0d"01 co1oranI"1or nat0ra1"3 a0 ana1"2ate HPLC e<tracte nat0ra1e d"n coa:G de str0!0r" ro&"" 6antoc"an"7 &" s4ec1G ro&"e 65eta"na7 Hn co%#araI"e c0 co1orant01 co%erc"a1 Enoco1or A 4ost ada#tatG o %etodG HPLC #entr0 deter%"narea a #atr0 co1oranI" a1"%entar" s"ntet"c": tartra2"nG3 #oncea0 +R3 a110ra red &" !a15en de c;"no1"nG rea1"2ate de #artener01 * ISP O %etodG HPLC de deter%"nare s"%01tanG a 0nor co1oranI" nat0ra1" d"n e<tracte de %orco$3 #Gtr0n:e13 arde" ro&03 #astG de ro&"" este #re2entatG de #artener01 ) INCDTIM Metode1e HPLC #re2entate s0nt #otr"$"te #entr0 st0d"01 co1oranI"1or nat0ra1" &" s"ntet"c" d"n d"4er"te #ro5e de 5G0t0r" nea1coo1"ce &" a1coo1"ce A0 4ost #0se 5a2e1e 0ne" %etode TLC de se#arare a 8 co1oranI" de s"nte2G 6car%o"s"nG3 tartra2"nG3 s0nset Se11oU3 V0"no1"ne Se11oU3 #oncea0 +R3 5-caroten3 5r"11"ant 510e7 0t"1"2aI" 4rec$ent 1a co1orarea 5G0t0r"1or nea1coo1"ce &" a1coo1"ce Metoda TLC rea1"2atG este s"%#1G3 re#rod0ct"5"1G3 ra#"dG &" n0 neces"tG o cant"tate %are de #ro5G de ana1"2at A0 4ost e4ect0ate cercetGr" #r"$"nd "dent"4"carea co1oranI"1or nat0ra1"3 antoc"an" &" caroten" 0t"1"2Knd %etoda s#ectro%etr"e" de %asG Me%5r"" ec;"#e" de cercetare a #artener010" ' USAMV a0 e4ect0at doc0%entarea &t""nI"4"cG #r"$"nd %oda1"tatea de const"t0"re a 0nor 1ot0r" e<#er"%enta1e de &o5o1an": e4ect"$01 n0%er"c3 cond"t""1e de $"aIG necesare3 #rec0% &" e1e%ente1e de %ed"0 a%5"ant o#t"%e des4G&0rGr"" 0nor e<#er"%ente care "%#1"cG %ater"a1 5"o1o!"c A0 4ost 4Gc0te st0d"" as0#ra te;n"c"1or de 1a5orator care 0r%ea2G a 4" e4ect0ate as0#ra 1ot0r"1or e<#er"%enta1e: "noc01Gr" 1a an"%a1e3 #re1e$Gr" de #ro5e3 e<a%ene ;"sto1o!"ce &" teste 5"oc;"%"ce A 4ost rea1"2at 0n st0d"0 5"51"o!ra4"c c0 sco#01 e$"denI"er"" c0no&t"nIe1or Hn do%en"01 e4ecte1or e<erc"tate de co1oranI"" a1"%entar" as0#ra or!an"s%e1or $""3 c0 re4er"re 1a an"%a1e1e de 1a5orator Acest st0d"0 a 4ost necesar #entr0 a #0tea e1a5ora 0n #rotoco1 e<#er"%enta1 care sG res#ecte nor%e1e d"n do%en"03 #r"$"nd des4G&0rarea 0nor e<#er"enIe #e an"%a1e3 #rotecI"a acestora3 %etode1e 0t"1"2a5"1e3 e4ecte1e scontate3 te;n"c"1e de 1a5orator a#1"ca5"1 o5"ect"$e1or #ro"ect010"
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2.1. Coloranti admisi pentru olosire in industria alimentara.

Co1oranI"" ad%"&" #entr0 4o1os"re Hn "nd0str"a a1"%entarG3 con4or% d"rect"$e" /+@*A EC3 s0nt #r2entaI" Hn ta5e101 '3-3 "ar Hn ta5e101 '3A se #re2"ntG #rod0se1e a1"%entare Hn care n0 #ot 4" 4o1os"t" co1orant"3 c0 e<ce#t"a #rod0se1or s#ec"4"cate "n ta5e1e1e '383 '3E s" '3/ In ta5e101 '38 se #re2"nta a1"%ente1e "n care s0nt #er%"s" an0%"t" co1orant"3 "ar "n ta5e101 '3E co1orant"" care s0nt #er%"s" #entr0 an0%"te #rod0se a1"%entare In ta5e101 '3E s0nt #re2ent" co1orant"" care #ot 4" 4o1os"t" "n a1te #rod0se a1"%entare %ent"onate "n ta5e1e1e '3A s" '38 s" an0%e #ot 4" 4o1os"t" "n #rod0se1e a1"%entare %ent"onate tot "n ta5e101 '3/ Do2e1e 2"1n"ce ad%"s"5"1e #entr0 0n"" co1orant" nat0ra1" s" de s"nte2a s0nt %ent"onate "n ta5e101 '3)( In conte<t01 re!1e%entar"1or e0ro#ene3 s0nt de #rec"2at 0r%atoare1e: - an0%"te #rod0se a1"%entare n0 tre50"e sa cont"na co1orant" ca ad"t"$"6ta5e101 ' A7D - an0%"te a1"%ente #ot cont"ne n0%a" co1orant" 6 ta5e101 ' 87D - an0%"t" co1orant" s0nt #er%"s" n0%a" "n an0%"te #rod0se a1"%entare 6 ta5e1e1e ' E s" ' /7D - an0%"t" co1orant" n0 a0 n"$e1 %a<"% de 0t"1"2are s#ec"4"cat 6NMN73 dar se reco%anda ca acest"a sa 4"e 4o1os"t" 1a 0n n"$e1 care sa cores#0nda sco#010" #rod0sD - co1orant"" #entr0 %arcarea carn0r"1or s0nt E-)--DE-)**DE)'/ s" a%estec01 de E-)** s" E-)'/D - #entr0 co1orarea o0a1or "n coa:a s0nt ad%"s" co1orant"" %ent"onat" "n ta5e101 ' -D - d"ntre co1orant"" %ent"onat"3 "n ta5e101 ' -3 co1orant"" E-)'8D E-)'ED E-)-+D E)A(5D E-)A)!D E-)8* s" E-)E( n0 #ot 4" 1"$rat" d"rect 1a cons0%ator"D - "n 1"sta co1orant"1or #re2entat" n0 s0nt "nc10se s05stante1e nat0ra1e care s0nt 4o1os"te 1a 4a5r"carea #rod0se1or a1"%entare #entr0 #ro#r"etat"1e 1or aro%at"ce3 de co1orare c0% ar 4" 5o"a0a de arde" d01ce3 o1eore2"na de #a#r"Fa3 so4ran013 1e%n01 de santa13 san!e1e "nte!ra1 s" concentrat01 er"troc"tarD - #entr0 Bd"10areaC sa0 d"2o1$area co1orant"1or se 4o1osesc s05stante1e #re2entate "n ta5e101 ' ))

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Pre#arat" #r"n %etode 4"2"ce d"n 4r0cte s" 5$e!eta1e 88''( 88E/) 88+/) 88+/' 88+//

Ta"elul 2.: $roduse alimentare in care nu pot i olositi coloranti, cu e8ceptia celor speci icate in ta"elele 2.;, 2.= si 2.> Prod0se a1"%entare ne#re10crate A#a "n a%5a1a: de st"c1e sa0 #1ast"c La#te3 1a#te #e :0%atate s%antan"t3 1a#te s%antan"t3 #aste0r"2at sa0 ster"1"2at6 "nc10s"$e 1a#te ster"1"2at UHT7 nearo%at"2at La#te c0 c"oco1ata La#te 4er%entat nearo%at"2at La#te conser$at3 con4or% d"rect"$e" 8A@))E EEC Unt de $aca nearo%at"2at S%antana s" s%antana #015ere nearo%at"2ate U1e" s" !ras"%" $e!eta1e sa0 an"%a1e O0a s" #rod0se d"n o0a con4or% d"rect"$e" E/@+*8@EEC Fa"na s" a1te #rod0se %ac"nate3 a%"don0r" Pa"ne s" #rod0se s"%"1are Paste Za;ar3 "nc10s"$ %ono s" d"2a;ar"de Pasta de to%ate3 to%ate "n conser$a Sos0r" #e 5a2a de to%ate S0c0r" de 4r0cte s" nectar0r0 de 4r0cte %ent"onate "n d"rect"$a 8-@8'A@EEC #rec0% s" s0c0r" $e!eta1e Fr0cte s" 1e!0%e 6"nc10s"$ carto4"7 s" c"0#erc" "n conser$e3 0scate3 4r0cte #rocesate3 $e!eta1e
*)

Ge% e<tra3 :e1e0 e<tra Peste3 %o10ste3 cr0stacee3 #asare s" #re#arate d"n acestea Prod0se d"5 cacao s" c"oco1ata Ca4ea #ra:"ta3 cea"3 c"coare3 e<tracte de cea" s" ca4ea3 "n402"" de cea"3 #1ante3 4r0cte 3 cerea1e Sare 3 s05st"t0"ent" de sare s" a%estec0r" de cond"%ente V"n s" a1te #rod0se de4"n"te #r"n re!1e%entarea EEC nr E''@E8 Otet de $"n A1"%ente #entr0 s0!ar" s" co#"" %ent"onate "n d"rect"$a E/@*/E@EEC "nc10s"$ a1"%ente #entr0 s0!ar" s" co#"" care n0 s0nt "n stare 50na de sanatate M"ere de a15"ne Ma1t s" #rod0se de %a1t ,ran2a %at0rata s" ne%at0rata 6nearo%at"2ata7 Unt d"n 1a#te de oa"e s" ca#ra Ta"elul 2.; Alimentele in care sunt permisi anumiti coloranti pre3a5uti in ta"elul 2.#. Co1orant01 #er%"s ' E- )-( Cara%e1 E - )-(5 Cara%e1 s014"t ca0st"c Pa"ne de %a1t E - )-( c Cara%e1 a%on"ac E - )-(d Cara%e1 s014"ta%on"ac E -)-( a Cara%e1 E -)-(5 Cara%e1 s014"t,ere ca0st"c C"dr0 E -)-(c Cara%e1 a%on"ac E -)-( d Cara%e1 s014"ta%on"ac Unt E -)A( a Caroten" E- )A( a Caroten" Mar!ar"na3 e%01s"" de E -)(( C0rc0%"na !ras"%e s" !ras"%" 1"5ere de E-)A( 5 Annatto3 5"<"na3 a#a nor5"<"na - E-)+( C1oro4"1e s" c1oro4"1"ne E -)+) Co%#1e<e c" c0#r0 ,ran2a Der5S a1e c1oro4"1e1or s" c1oro4"1"ne1or ,ran2et0r" %at0rate3 oran!e3 !a15ene- #estr"te3 #rocesate E-)A( a Caraten" E -)A( c E<tract de #a#r"Fa
*'

Prod0s01 a1"%entar )

N"$e1 %a<"% ad%"s * NMN

NMN

NMN NMN NMN )( %!@ F! NMN

NMN

nearo%at"2ate ,ran2a ros"e Le"cester ,ran2a M"no1ette ,ran2a Mor5"er ,ran2a ros"e %ar%orata

E-)A(5 Annatto3 5"<"na3nor5"<"na E-)A(5 Annatto3 5"<"na3nor5"<"na E-)A(5 Annatto3 5"<"na3nor5"<"na E -)-* Car50ne $e!eta1 E-)'( Coc;"nea13 ac"d car%"c3 car%"ne E-)-( a Cara%e1 E-)-( 5 Cara%e1 s014"t"cca0st"c E-)-(c Cara%e1 a%on"ac

) - %!@F! -( %!@F! *- %!@F! NMN )'- %!@F!

Otet 6dar n0 de $"n7

NMN

,a0t0ra #e 5a2a de $"naro%at"2ate 6e<ce#t"e 5"tter soda7 s" $"n0r" aro%at"2ate con4or% re!1e%entar"1or EEC nr )A()@/)

A%er"cano

E-)-( d Cara%e1 s014"t -a%on"ac E-)-( a Cara%e1 E-)-( 5 Cara%e1 s014"t"cNMN ca0st"c E-)-(c Cara%e1 a%on"ac E-)-( d Cara%e1 s014"t -a%on"ac E P )A* Antoc"an" E P )-(a Cara%e1 E - )-(5 Cara%e1 s014"t"cca0st"c E P )-(c Cara%e1 a%on"ac E P )-(d Cara%e1 s014"t NMN a%on"ac E P )A* Antoc"an" E P )'+ Poncea0 +R E P )(( C0rc0%"na )(( %! @ L E P )() 6I7 R"5o41a$"na Ind"$"d0a1 sa0 "n co%5"nat"e 6II7 R"5o41a$"n P -a P 4os4at E P )(' Tartra2"na E P )(+ Ga15en V0"no1e"na E P )'( Coc;"nea13 ac"d car%"n"c3 car%"ne E P )'' A2or05"ne3 car%o"s"ne
**

E P )'* A%arant; E - )-(a Cara%e1 E P )-(5 Cara%e1 s014"t ca0st"c NMN E P )-(c Cara%e1 a%on"ac E P )-(d Cara%e1 s014"t a%on"ac E P )(( C0rc0%"na E P )() 6I7 R"5o41a$"na 6II7 R"5o41a$"n P -a P 4os4at ,"tter- soda3 $"n 5"tter3 E P )(' Tartra2"na %ent"onate "n re!1e%entarea E P )(+ Ga15en V0"no1e"na EEC nr )-(@/) E P )(a Ga15en FCF oran!e P !a15en S )(( %! @ L E P )'( Coc;"nea13 ac"d Ind"$"d0a1 sa0 "n co%5"nat"e car%"n"c3 car%"ne E P )'' A2or05"ne3 car%o"2"na E P )'* A%arant; E P )'+ Poncea0 +R3 Coc;"nea1 red A E P )'/ Ros0 AC E - )-(a Cara%e1 E P )-(5 Cara%e1 s014"t V"n0r" 1"coroase s" $"n0r" ca0st"c 1"coroase de ca1"tate3 #rod0se NMN E P )-(c Cara%e1 a%on"ac "n re!"0n" s#ec"4"ce E P )-(d Cara%e1 s014"t a%on"ac Ve!eta1e "n otet3 "n E P )() 6I7 R"5o41a$"na NMN sara%0ra3 sa0 "n 01e" 6II7 R"5o41a$"n -a 6e<c10s"$ %as1"ne7 4os4at E -)+( C1or"4"1a3 c1oro4"1"na E P )-(a Cara%e1 E P )-(5 Cara%e1 s014"t ca0st"c E P )-(c Cara%e1 a%on"ac E P )-(d Cara%e1 s014"t P a%on"ac E P )+) Co%#1e<e C0 P c1oro4"1e s" c1oro4"1"ne E P )A( Caroten"
*+

Cerea1e #entr0 5reaF4ast e<tr0date3 e<#andate s"@sa0 aro%at"2ate c0 4r0cte

Ge%0r"3 :e1e0r"3 %ar%e1ade s" a1te #rod0se d"n 4r0cte3 "nc102and s" #rod0se1e s1a5 ca1or"ce3 %ent"onate "n d"rect"$a 8/@A/- EEC

6I7 A%estec de caroten" 6II7 L P Caroten" E P )A* Antoc"an" E P )-(c Cara%e1 a%on"ac NMN E P )A(a Caroten" NMN E P )A(5 Annatto3 5"<"na3 nor5"<"na '- %! @ F! E P )A(c E<tract de #a#r"Fa3 ca#sant"na3 ca#sor05"na NMN E P )(( C0rc0%"na E P )+( C1oro4"1e s" c1oro4"1"ne E P )+) Co%#1e<e C0 P c1oro4"1e P c1oro4"1"ne E P )-(a Cara%e1 E P )-(5 Cara%e1 s014"t ca0st"c E P )-(c Cara%e1 a%on"ac E P )-(d Cara%e1 s014"t P NMN a%on"ac E P )A(a Caroten": 6I7 a%estec de caroten" 6II7 L P Caroten" E P )A(c E<tract de #a#r"Fa3 ca#sant"na3 ca#sor05"na E P )A' Ros0 de s4ec1a3 5etan"na E P )A* Antoc"an"ne E P )(+ Ga15en de V0"no1e"na E P ))( Ga15en stra10c"tor E P )'( Coc;"nea13 ac"d car%"n"c3 car%"ne )(( %! @ F! E P )'+ Poncea0 +R3 Ind"$"d0a1 sa0 "n co%5"nat"e coc;"nea1 E P )+' Verde S E P )A(d L"co#en E P )A)5 L0te"na E P )(( C0rc0%"na '( %! @ F! E P )'( Coc;"nea13 ac"d )(( %! @ F! car%"n"c3 car%"ne E P )-(a Cara%e1 NMN
*-

Carnat"3 #ate0r"3 #este

L0nc;eon %eat Carnat" #entr0 5reaF4ast c0 0n cont"n0t %"n"% de AM cerea1e

E P )-(5 Cara%e1 s014"t ca0st"c E P )-(c Cara%e1 a%on"ac E P )-(d Cara%e1 s014"t P a%on"ac E P )A(a Caroten" E P )A(c E<tract de #a#r"Fa3 ca#sant"na3 ca#sor05"na E P )A' Ros0 de s4ec1a3 5etan"na E P )'/ A110ra Red 6Ros0 AC7 E P )'/ A110ra Red 6Ros0 AC7 E P )'( Coc;"nea13 ac"d car%"n"c3 car%"ne E P )-(a Cara%e1 E P )-(5 Cara%e1 s014"t ca0st"c E P )-(c Cara%e1 a%on"ac E P )-(d Cara%e1 s014"t P a%on"ac E P )'( Coc;"nea13 ac"d car%"n"c3 car%"ne E P )'+ Poncea0 +R3 coc;"nea1 Red A E P ))( Ga15en stra10c"tor FCF E P )'+ Poncea0 +R3 coc;"nea1 Red A E P )(( C0rc0%"na E P )() R"5o41a$"na: 6I7 r"5o41a$"na 6II7 r"5o41a$"n -a 4os4at E P )'( Coc;"nea13 ac"d car%"n"c3 car%"ne E P )(( C0rc0%"na E P )(' Tartra2"na E P )** A15astr0 5r"11ant
*A

NMN NMN NMN '( %! @ F! )( %! @ F! NMN '- %! @ F!

'- %! @ F! )(( %! @ F! NMN NMN NMN NMN '(( %! @ F! '-( %! @ F! )*- %! @ F! '(( %! @ F!

Ha%50r!er c0 %"n"%0% +M cerea1e

Carnat" C;or"2o

So5rasada

Past0r%as 6#entr0 co1orare %e%5rane7

NMN

Gran01e de carto4" 0scat" s" #a"ete Ma2are de !rad"na "n conser$e

NMN )(( %! @ F! '( %! @ F!

Cerea1e #entr0 5reaF4ast aro%at"2ate c0 4r0cte

E P )+' Verde S )( %! @ F! E P )'( Coc;"nea13 ac"d car%"n"c3 car%"ne '(( %! @ F! E P )A' Ros0 de s4ec1a3 Ind"$"d0a1 sa0 "n co%5"nat"e 5etan"na E P )A* Antoc"ane

Ta"elul 2.=

Colorantul E P )'* A%arant; E P )'8 Er"tro2"na

E P )'E Ros0 'G E P )-+ ,r0n FO E P )8* A10%"n"0

E P )8+ Ar!"nt L"t;o1r05"na ,O E P )8- A0r E P )A(5 Annatto3 ,"<"na3 Nor5"<"na

$rodusul V"n0r" a#er"t"$3 5a0t0r" a1coo1"ce c0 ? )-M a1coo1 "n $o10%e Peste ros0 C"rese cocFta"1 s" c"rese 2a;ar"s"te Carnat" #entr0 5reaF4ast c0 cont"n0t de %"n"%0% +M cerea1e Ha%50r!er c0 %"n"%0% +M $e!eta1e sa0 cerea1e O"##ers In$e1"s01 e<tern a1 #rod0se1or de 2a;ar #entr0 decorarea c;ec0r"1or In$e1"s e<tern a1 #rod0se1or de 5o%5oner"e Decorarea c"oco1ate" L"c;"or0r" Strat01 e<ter"or a1 5ran2e" Strat e<ter"or a1 #rod0se1or de 5o%5oner"e Decorarea c"oco1ate" L"c;eor0r" Mar!ar"na3 e%01s"" de !ras"%e3 !ras"%" 1"5ere de a#a Decorare "n$e1"s L"c;eor0r"3 5a0t0r" c0 %a"
*8

Ni3el ma8im *( %! @ F! *( %! @ F! '(( %! @ F!

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NMN NMN NMN

)( %!@F! '( %!@F!

#0t"n de )-M a1coo1 "n $o10%e ,ran2et0r" to#"te aro%at"2ate ,ran2et0r" !a15ene3 oran!e s" 5ran2et0r" to#"te nearo%at"2ate Desert0r" SnacF- 0r" 6e<tr0date s" e<#andate7 Peste a40%at ,ran2et0r" c0 coa:a co%est"5"1a sa0 c0 %e%5rana co%est"5"1a ,ran2a ros"e Le"cester ,ran2a M"no1ette Cerea1e #entr0 5reaF4ast s"@ sa0 aro%at"2ate c0 4r0cte

'( %!@F! )( %!@F! )- %!@F! )( %!@F! '( %!@F! )( %!@F! '( %!@F! -( %!@F! *- %!@F! '- %!@F! Ta"elul 2.>

Co1orant" care #ot 4" 4o1os"t" "n a1te #rod0se a1"%entare decat ce1e %ent"onate "n ta5e1e1e ' A s" ' 8 s" an0%e #ot 4" 4o1os"t" "n #rod0se1e %ent"onate "n ta5e101 ' / Coloranti care pot i olositi Coloranti care pot i olositi sin(ulat sau in sin(ular com"inatie E P )() 6I7 R"5o41a$"na 6II7 R"5o41a$"n P - - 4os4at E P )(( C0rc0%"na E P )+( C1oro4"1e s" c1oro4"1"ne E P )(' Tartra2"na E P )+) Co%#1e<e C0 P c1oro4"1e s" E - )(+ Ga15en de V0"no1e"na C0- c1oro4"1"ne E P )-(a Cara%e1 E P ))( Ga15en stra10c"tor FCF Oran: Ga15en S E P )-(5 Cara%e1 s014"t"c - ca0st"c E P )'( Coc;"nea13 ac"d car%"n"c3 car%"ne E P )-(c Cara%e1 a%on"ac E P )'' A2or05"na3 car%o"s"na E P )-(d Cara%e1 s014"t a%on"ac E P )-* Car50ne $e!eta1 E P )A(a Caroten" E P )A(c E<tract de #a#r"Fa3 ca#sant"na3 ca#sor05"na E P )A' Ros0 de s4ec1a3 5etan"na E P )8( Car5onat de ca1c"0 E P )8) O<"d de t"tan E P )8' O<"2" de 4"er s" ;"dro<"2" de E P )'+ Poncea0 +R3 coc;"nea1 Red A E P )'/ A110ra Red AC E P )*' Ind"!ot"na3 "nd"!ocar%"na E P )** A15astr0 5r"11ant FCF E P )+' Verde S E P )-) Ne!r0 5r"11ant ,N3 Ne!r0 PN E P )-- ,r0n ,T E P )A(d L"co#en
*E

4"er E P )A(e L P A#o P Ea - carotena1 E P )A(4 Ester01 et"1"c a1 ac"d010" L P A#o P Ea caroteno"c E P )A)5 L0te"na Ni3elul ma8im de colorant )(( %!@ L '(( %!@ F! '(( %!@ F! *(( %!@ F! -(( %!@ F! '(( %!@ F! )-( %!@ F! )(( %!@ F! )-( %!@ F! -(( %!@ F! *(( %!@ F! )(( %!@ F! '-( %!@ F! -(( %!@ F! -(( %!@ F! *(( %!@ F! )(( %!@ F! '(( %!@ F! )(( %!@ F! NMN -( %!@ F! )(( %!@ F! -( %!@ F! )(( %!@ F! '(( %! @ L '(( %! @ L

$rodusul alimentar ,a0t0r" nea1coo1"ce aro%at"2ate Fr0cte s" $e!eta1e con4"ate Se%"4a5r"cate de 4r0cte ros"" Prod0se de co4etar"e Decorare s" "n$e1"s0r" Prod0se de #at"ser"e G;eata co%est"5"1a ,ran2et0r" to#"te aro%at"2ate Desert0r" "nc102and #rod0se aro%at"2ate #e 5a2a de 1a#te Sos0r"3 sara%0r" M0star Pasta de #este3 #asta de cr0stacee Cr0stacee 51ansate I%"tat"e de sa1%on S0r"%" Peste ros0 Peste a40%at SnacF P 0r" - e<tr0date @ e<#andate - a1te #rod0se t"# snacF - 0r" ,ran2et0r" c0 coa:a sa0 "n$e1"s01 co%est"5"1 S0#1"%ente n0tr"t"ona1e c0 4o1os"re s05 a$"2 %ed"ca1 L"c;"de a1"%entare s0#1"%entate S0#e Ana1o!" de carne s" de #este d"n #rote"ne $e!eta1e ,a0t0r" s#"rtoase 6"nc102and #rod0se c0 ? )-M a1coo1 "n $o10%e73 c0 e<ce#t"a ce1or d"n ta5e1e1e ' A s" ' 8 V"n0r" aro%at"2ate3 5a0t0r" aro%at"2ate #e 5a2a de $"n3 #rod0se cocte"1 aro%at"2ate #e 5a2a de $"n 6c0 e<ce#t"a ce1or d"n ta5e1e1e ' A s"

*/

' 87 V"n d"n 4r0cte3 c"dr0

'(( %! @ L

Ta"elul 2.1B Do5a 5ilnica admisi"ila pentru unii coloranti naturali si de sinte5a 1m( A C( corp2 Coloranti naturali N0%ar CEE E P )(( E P )() E P )'( Co1orant01 C0rc0%"na R"5o41a$"na DZA () (N0%ar CEE E )(' E )(+ E ))( E )'' E )'* E )'+ E )'8 E )'/ E )*) E )*' E )+' E )-) E )-+ Coloranti sintetici Co1orant01 Tartra2"na Ga15en de V0"no1e"na Ga15en Oran: S DZA 8)( '+( (E +( ) '8( )-( -( -( ( 8-

Coc;"nea13 ac"d -( car%"n"c3 car%"na E P )+( C1oro4"1e s" Nes#ec"4"cat c1oro4"1"ne a E P )+) Co%#1e<e C0 P )c1oro4"1e s" C0 c1oro4"1"ne E P Cara%e1 Nes#ec"4"cat )-(a E P Cara%e1 s014"t"c Nes#ec"4"cat )-(5 ca0st"c E P Cara%e1 '(( )-(c a%on"ac E P Cara%e1 s014"t"c '(( )-(d a%on"ac E P )-* Car50ne Nes#ec"4"cat $e!eta1 %ed"c"na1 E P Caroten" '-)A(a E P )A) banto4"1e N0 s- a sta5"1"t E P )A' Ros0 de s4ec1a Nes#ec"4"cat E P )A* Antoc"an" N0 s- a sta5"1"t

- A2or05"na - A%arant - Poncea0 +R - Er"tro2"na - Ros0 AC - A15astr0 #atent V - Ind"!ot"na - Verde 5r"11ant S - Ne!r0 5r"11ant ,N - ,r0n FO

+(

Ta"elul 2.11 +u"stante olosite ca suporturi si diluanti pentru coloranti si alti aditi3i Nr. CEE E P *'' E P +*' P +*A3 E - +8( E P +8) E P +8'a E P +8'c E P +8'e E P +8* E - +8E - +/) Nr. CEE Pro#"1en !1"co101 c ) ! @ F! E - +/' #rod0s Lec"t"ne E - +/* Po1"sor5at" '(3 +(3 A(3 A-3 E( E P +/+ Sar0r"1e de %a!ne2"0 a1e ac"2"1or !ras" Mono s" d"!1"cer"de E P +/Ester"" ac"d010" acet"c c0 %ono E P --) s" d"!1"cer"de1e Ester"" ac"d010" c"tr"c c0 %ono E P --' s" d"!1"cer"de1e Ester"" %ono s" d"acet"1 tartr"c E P --+5 c0 %ono s" d"!1"cer"de1e Ester"" s0cro2e" c0 ac"2"" !ras" E P +-E Ester"" #o1"!1"cero1010" c0 ac"2"" E P --/ !ras" Sor5"tan %onostearat01 E P /() Aditi3ul Aditi3ul Sor5"tan tr"stearat01 Sor5"tan %ono1a0rat01 Sor5"tan %onoo1eat Sor5"tan %ono#a1%"tat S"1"con d"o<"d01 S"1"cat de ca1c"0 Ta1c ,enton"ta S"1"cat01 de a10%"n"0 Ceara de a15"ne

+)

3.-I-LIO6RA?IE

) ' * + -

,an0 C 3 Ad"t"$" s" "n!red"ente #entr0 "nd0str"a a1"%entara Ed"t0ra Te;n"ca ,0c0re&t"3 '(((D Ger!en I 3 Ana1"2a #rod0se1or a!roa1"%entare3 Ed"t0ra E0rosta%#a ,0c0re&t" '((-D Inst"t0t01 de Cercetar" In C;"%"e BRa10ca R"#anC ,rat0 M C 3 DGneI A F dSSnt;et"c 4ood co1orants ana1Ss"s 5S PLCCS"%#o2"on Inter5a1can"c3 ,0c0re&t" 3 "0n"e '((' ,rat0 M C dNo" %etode &" a#arat de ana1"2G a 0nor s05stanIe to<"ce d"n #ro5e co%#1e<e3 A#1"cat"e #ract"ca Fac01tatea de C;"%"e 3 ,0c0rest"

+'