INSTITUTUL NAIONAL DE STATISTIC

Coordonator al ediiei:
Tudorel ANDREI - Preedinte INS
Colectivul de coordonare a lucrrii:
Dan Ion GHERGU, Mihaela Elena IAGR, Betrix GERD,
Gabriel JIFCU, Ilie DUMITRESCU, Adriana CIUCHEA, Gheorghe VAIDA-MUNTEAN, Doina BADEA.

Responsabil de publicaie:
Doina BADEA
Colectivul de elaborare a capitolelor Anuarului:
Adriana CIUCHEA, Silvia PISIC, Ion FLORESCU
Daniela TEFNESCU, Andoria Cristina IONI,
Lavinia BLTEANU, Andreea CAMBIR,
Mihai GHEORGHE, Liliana PINTILIA, Nina ALEXEVICI,
Ioana DIMA, Florica CRSTEA, Lucia Cecilia SINIGAGLIA,
Florentina GHEORGHE.

Colectivul de design & editare:

Ilie DUMITRESCU, Doina BADEA, Lavinia POPESCU
Vitty-Cristian CHIRAN, Rodica-Elena SOLOVSTRU,
Gabriela Melania PODBERECHI, Elena TUDOR,
Minodora RDULESCU, Andreia MESTEACN,
Genia MIHOC, Cristina BABOI, Mihaela Elena TEFAN,
Gabriela ZAGALCA, Valentina MUNTEANU, Laura ENACHE,
Daniela BUCUR, Daniela POPESCU.

Fotografie:

Vitty-Cristian CHIRAN
Coperta:

Alexandru POPESCU
Editare CD:
Rodica SOLOVSTRU, Gabriela ZAGALCA, Laura ENACHE

INSTITUTUL NAIONAL DE STATISTIC

B-dul Libertii 16, sector 5, Bucureti
Telefon: 318.18.71; 317.77.70
Fax: 312.48.75
e-mail: romstat@insse.ro
http://www.insse.ro

Reproducerea coninutului acestei publicaii, integral sau parial,

n forma original sau modificat, precum i stocarea ntr-un sistem
de regsire sau transmiterea sub orice form i prin orice mijloace
sunt interzise fr autorizarea scris a Institutului Naional de Statistic.
Utilizarea coninutului acestei publicaii, cu titlu explicativ
sau justificativ, n articole, studii, cri este autorizat
numai cu indicarea clar i precis a sursei.
Pentru informaii, cumprarea publicaiilor
i contractarea de abonamente, v rugm s apelai la:
Biroul de Diseminare a Datelor i Publicaiilor Statistice al INS
(Tel.: 0213181871; 0213177770; 0213181824/ interior 1278, 2479),
(http://www.insse.ro)/ e-mail: datestat@insse.ro
Birourile de Diseminare ale Direciilor Judeene de Statistic
(http: // www.[ nume judet ].insse.ro)
Editura Revista Romn de Statisticsau
Librria Ion Ionescu de la Brad
(Tel.: 0213181842/ interior 1073, 2254)
i la e-mail: rrs@insse.ro
I.S.S.N.: 1841 - 5431; I.S.S.N.-L : 1220 - 3246

INS 2014

CUVNT NAINTE

Anuarul Statistic este unul dintre instrumentele tradiionale ale statisticii oficiale.
Institutul Naional de Statistic ofer, cu aceast ocazie, elemente indispensabile cunoaterii
evoluiei societii, ca fundament esenial n elaborarea tuturor politicilor publice. Anuarul este
prin urmare un instrument de lucru sintetic i care, prin definiie, poart cu sine un mesaj specific
modernitii: Ne trebuie numere!
Fr cunoaterea numerelor i fundamentarea politicilor publice pornind de la date concrete,
statistica i pierde savoarea i utilitatea de tiin a statului, aa cum o identific Michel Foucault
pe urmele unor gnditori moderni.
Astzi, politicile publice sunt elaborate ntr-o logic a guvernanei europene implicnd mai
multe paliere: local, regional, naional i european. Demersul european n domeniu impune
i Institutului Naional de Statistic un comportament profesionist i neutru fa de mediul politic,
ceea ce asigur climatul necesar cercetrilor statistice elaborate de noi.
Anuarul Statistic cuprinde cele mai recente date statistice disponibile din diverse domenii,
pentru caracterizarea economic i social a Romniei.
Seriile de date din Anuarul Statistic pun n eviden starea economiei la nivelul anului 2012
precum i evoluia pe ultimii ani a principalilor indicatori economici. Anuarul Statistic cuprinde date
publicate n format tiprit, precum i un CD cu date la nivel naional i regional n format Excel,
pentru a facilita utilizarea acestora n studii i cercetri.
Anuarul Statistic al Romniei - ediia 2013 a fost elaborat prin munca statisticienilor din cadrul
instituiei noastre, att de la nivel central ct i teritorial, ntr-o atmosfer de profesionalism
i utiliznd ntr-o proporie de peste 95% metodologii aliniate la normele, standardele i tehnicile
de operare ale Sistemului Statistic European.
Eforturile lucrtorilor Institutului Naional de Statistic sunt concentrate nspre concretizarea
unui bun public de mare importan, anume cunoaterea statistic a societii, oferit tuturor
categoriilor de utilizatori de date statistice, oricrui cetean interesat de radiografiile statistice
ale societii romneti. Sperm, n acest sens, c oferim un instrument de lucru unui public
ct mai numeros i mai diversificat.
mi doresc ca datele publicate n Anuarul Statistic al Romniei - ediia 2013 s v fie utile
n activitatea dumneavoastr profesional.

Prof. univ. dr. Tudorel ANDREI,

Preedintele Institutului Naional de Statistic

SINTEZA CUPRINSULUI
NOT METODOLOGIC GENERAL
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PRESCURTRI FOLOSITE PENTRU UNITILE DE MSUR
SIMBOLURI FOLOSITE
1. GEOGRAFIE, METEOROLOGIE I MEDIU NCONJURTOR
2. POPULAIE
3. PIAA FOREI DE MUNC
4. VENITURILE, CHELTUIELILE I CONSUMUL POPULAIEI
5. LOCUINE I UTILITI PUBLICE
6. SECURITATE I ASISTEN SOCIAL
7. SNTATE
8. EDUCAIE
9. CULTUR I SPORT
10. PREURI
11. CONTURI NAIONALE
12. INVESTIII I IMOBILIZRI CORPORALE
13. TIIN, TEHNOLOGIE I INOVARE
14. AGRICULTUR I SILVICULTUR
15. ACTIVITATEA NTREPRINDERII
16. INDUSTRIE I CONSTRUCII
17. TRANSPORTURI, POT I TELECOMUNICAII
18. COMER INTERNAIONAL
19. COMER INTERIOR I SERVICII DE PIA
20. TURISM
21. FINANE
22. JUSTIIE
23. STATISTIC INTERNAIONAL

NOT METODOLOGIC GENERAL

GENERAL METHODOLOGICAL NOTE

1. Cadrul legal privind activitatea statistic este statuat

prin Legea nr. 226 / 2009 a organizrii i funcionrii
statisticii oficiale n Romnia. n lege se regsesc
contextul i prevederile care definesc elementele
constitutive ale procesului statistic, respectiv,
colectarea, procesarea, analiza, diseminarea datelor
statistice, dezvoltarea culturii statistice, constituirea i
administrarea seriilor de date statistice oficiale, cu
caracter demografic, social, economic, financiar i
juridic, precum i principiile fundamentale care stau la
baza funcionrii statisticii oficiale n Romnia.

1. The legal framework concerning the statistical

activity is represented by Law no. 226 / 2009 on the
organisation and functioning of official statistics in
Romania. The Law includes the context and the
provisions defining the constitutive elements of the
statistical process, namely: statistical data collection,
processing, analysis and dissemination, the statistical
culture development, the official statistical data series
building up and management, of demographic, social,
economic, financial and juridical nature, as well as the
fundamental principles on which the functioning of
official statistics in Romania is defined.
In Romania, the official statistics is organised and
coordinated by the National Institute of Statistics,
specialised body of central public administration,
subordinated to Government and financed from the state
budget.
The National Institute of Statistics is entrusted to ask
for and to obtain, free of charge, statistical data and
information from all natural and legal persons, owing any
type of capital or developing any kind of activity on
Romanias territory.
The principles on which statistical activity are based,
fully compliant with the fundamental principles related to
statistics functioning in a democratic society, adopted al
international level, consists in: professional
independence; empowerment related to data
collection; resources adequacy; commitment on
statistics
quality; statistical
confidentiality,
impartiality and objectiveness; solid methodology;
adequate statistical procedures; adequate burden of
respondents;
cost-effectiveness;
relevance,
accuracy and reliability; promptness and timelyness;
coherence and comparability; accesibility and
clearness.

Statistica oficial n Romnia este organizat i

coordonat de Institutul Naional de Statistic, organ de
specialitate al Administraiei Publice Centrale, n
subordinea Guvernului, finanat de la bugetul de stat.
Institutul Naional de Statistic este autorizat s
solicite i s obin cu titlu gratuit datele i informaiile
statistice de la toate persoanele, fizice sau juridice, care
dein capital sub orice form sau desfoar activitate de
orice fel pe teritoriul Romniei.
Principiile pe care se ntemeiaz activitatea statistic,
n deplin concordan cu principiile fundamentale
privind funcionarea statisticii ntr-o societate
democratic, adoptate pe plan internaional, constau n:
independen profesional; autoritate n materie de
culegere a datelor; adecvarea resurselor;
angajamentul privind calitatea n statistici;
confidenialitatea n statistic; imparialitate i
obiectivitate; metodologie solid; proceduri
statistice adecvate; sarcin de rspuns adecvat
pentru repondeni; eficien sub raportul costurilor;
relevan, precizie i fiabilitate (credibilitate);
promptitudine i punctualitate; coeren i
comparabilitate; accesibilitate i claritate.
Att contextul general, ct i principiile de funcionare
a statisticii, precum i producerea de date statistice de
calitate, armonizate cu normele i standardele Uniunii
Europene, confer rezultatelor activitii statistice
garania satisfacerii cerinelor utilizatorilor de date
statistice.
2. Sursele de date statistice. Datele prezentate n
Anuarul Statistic sunt rezultatul a dou categorii de
surse:
 cercetrile statistice exhaustive sau prin sondaj
cuprinse n Programul Statistic Naional Anual (PSNA);
 surse administrative.

Both the general context and the principles of

statistics functioning, as well as the production of
statistical data of high quality, compliant with the
European Unions norms and standards confer the
statistical activity results the guarantee of meeting the
statistical data users requirements.
2. Statistical data sources. The data presented within
the Statistical Yearbook result from two data sources
categories:
 exhaustive or sample statistical surveys, included
in the Yearly National Statistical Programme (YNSP);
 administrative sources.

3. Programul Statistic Naional Anual (PSNA)

reprezint instrumentul de baz prin care Institutul
Naional de Statistic i ceilali productori de statistici
oficiale sunt autorizai s realizeze colectarea, stocarea,
procesarea, analiza i diseminarea datelor statistice
oficiale, n vederea asigurrii informaiilor necesare
utilizatorilor interni, precum i a celor ce decurg din
legislaia Uniunii Europene i din recomandrile altor
organizaii internaionale.
Programul Statistic Naional Anual cuprinde
informaii, responsabiliti, resurse i termene de
realizare, cu privire la: cercetri statistice; lucrri de
sintez, studii i analize statistice; publicaii statistice.
Programul Statistic Naional Anual se avizeaz de
Consiliul Statistic Naional i se aprob prin hotrre a
Guvernului.
4. Cercetarea statistic reprezint o lucrare complex
de culegere, prelucrare, analiz i diseminare a datelor
cu privire la starea i evoluia fenomenelor i proceselor
economice i sociale. Cercetarea statistic se realizeaz
pe baz de proiecte n care sunt definite concepte
generale, scopul cercetrii i instrumentarul statistic ce
st la baza acesteia (modul de organizare a cercetrii;
chestionarul, clasificrile, nomenclatoarele, normele,
instruciunile etc.). Potrivit criteriului sferei de cuprindere,
datele din Anuarul Statistic au fost determinate pe baza
a dou tipuri de cercetri statistice:
 Cercetare statistic exhaustiv (total). n cadrul
acestui tip de cercetare datele sunt nregistrate de la
toate unitile populaiei statistice, denumit i
colectivitate statistic, bine delimitat. Populaia
statistic desemneaz totalitatea elementelor supuse
observrii
statistice,
de
aceeai
natur,
asemntoare sau omogene din punctul de vedere al
anumitor criterii. Prin astfel de cercetri statistice
exhaustive se obin rezultate detaliate n diferite
structuri administrative, geografice, grupri pe
activiti potrivit Clasificrii Activitilor din Economia
Naional (CAEN) etc.
Cele mai cunoscute cercetri exhaustive sunt
recensmintele populaiei i ale locuinelor,
recensmntul produselor i serviciilor industriale,
recensmntul general agricol.
 Cercetare statistic prin sondaj. n cadrul acestui
tip de cercetare, datele sunt nregistrate doar de la o
parte a populaiei statistice, numit eantion.
Eantionul este determinat pe baza criteriilor de
reprezentativitate, prin utilizarea unor metode
probabiliste, ale cror rezultate sunt extinse la
ntreaga populaie statistic.

3. The Yearly National Statistical Programme

(YNSP) represents the basic tool by means of which the
National Institute of Statistics and the other producers of
official statistics are authorized to carry out the
collection, storage, processing, analysis and
dissemination of official statistical data, in order to
provide the information necessary to domestic users, as
well as those resulting from the legislation of European
Union and from the recommendations of other
international organisations.
The Yearly National Statistical Programme includes
information, responsibilities, resources and deadlines,
regarding: statistical surveys, synthesis papers,
statistical studies and analyses, statistical publications.
The Yearly National Statistical Programme is
endorsed by the National Statistical Council and it is
approved by Government decision.
4. The statistical survey is a complex activity of
collection, processing, analysis and dissemination of
data related to the economic and social phenomena
situation and dynamics. The statistical survey is carried
out based on projects, where the general concepts, the
survey purpose and the statistical tools on which it is
based are defined (survey organisation: questionnaire,
classifications, nomenclatures, norms, guidelines a.s.o.).
According to the coverage criterion, the data included in
the Statistical Yearbook were determined based on two
statistical surveys types:
 Exhaustive (total) statistical survey. Under this
type of survey, data are recorded from all statistical
population units, called statistical collectivity, which is
well defined. The statistical population represents all
the elements subject to statistical observation, of the
same nature, similar or homogenous from certain
criteria standpoint. Based on such exhaustive
statistical surveys, detailed results are obtained in
various administrative and geographical structures,
by group of activities according to the Classification of
Activities of National Economy (CANE) a.s.o.
The most well-known exhaustive surveys are
population and housing censuses, industrial products
and services census, general agricultural census.
 Sample statistical survey. Under this type of survey,
data are recorded only from part of the statistical
population, called sample. The sample is determined
based on representativeness criteria, by using
probabilistic methods, whose results are further
extended to the whole statistical population.

5. Sursele administrative reprezint sursele de

eviden organizate i deinute de organisme ale
administraiei publice sau non-guvernamentale pentru
alte scopuri dect cele statistice. Sunt utilizate numai
acele surse care au un potenial adecvat cerinelor
statistice i corespund rigorilor tiinifice de sfer de
cuprindere, calitate i completitudine care le fac
utilizabile i n scopuri statistice. Folosirea acestor surse
de date i informaii n scopuri statistice se realizeaz fie
direct, ca date de baz (asimilate datelor statistice), fie
prin prelucrri i adaptri corespunztoare pentru a
satisface cerinele de calitate, comparabilitate i
coeren, fie pentru reconciliere i validarea datelor
statistice obinute n urma cercetrilor statistice.

5. Administrative sources means the evidence

sources organised and managed by public
administration or non-governmental bodies, for other
purposes than the statistical ones. Only the sources with
an appropriate potential for statistical requirements and
scientific rigour concerning coverage, quality and
completeness making them also usable for statistical
purposes are used. The use of these data and
information sources for statistical purposes is achieved
either directly, as basic data (assimilated to statistical
data), or after appropriate processing and adaptation, in
view to meet quality, comparability and coherence
requirements, or for reconciliation and validation of
statistical data obtained from statistical surveys.

6. Sfera de cuprindere a datelor. Datele prezentate n

Anuarul Statistic caracterizeaz ansamblul economiei
naionale, cu excepia cazurilor cnd, prin notele
specifice care prefaeaz fiecare capitol al Anuarului, se
precizeaz altfel.

6. Coverage. The data presented within the Statistical

Yearbook characterise the whole national economy,
except cases where specific notes that preface each
chapter of the Yearbook stipulates otherwise.

7. Mrimile statistice folosite:

n Anuar sunt prezentate, cu precdere, date absolute i
date relative (indici, ponderi, indicatori de intensitate etc.).
 Indicatorul statistic este expresia numeric a unor
fenomene, procese, activiti sau categorii
economice sau sociale, manifestate n timp, spaiu i
structuri.
 Indicele este un raport ntre valori ale aceleiai
variabile nregistrate n uniti de timp sau teritoriale
diferite.
Indicii statistici utilizai n Anuar sunt:
 Indicele Laspeyres este o medie aritmetic
ponderat a indicilor individuali ai aceleiai variabile;
ponderile utilizate sunt cele din perioada de baz;
 Indicele Paasche este o medie aritmetic
ponderat a indicilor individuali ai aceleiai variabile,
ponderile utilizate fiind din perioada curent.
 Unitatea statistic este un obiect al cercetrii i
purttor al caracteristicilor statistice urmrite prin
program.
 Unitatea de observare este acea entitate de la
care/pentru care sunt colectate date i informaii
primare, pe baza creia se construiesc statistici.
 Unitatea de raportare este entitatea care furnizeaz
datele i informaiile primare n cadrul unei cercetri
statistice.
 Unitatea cu personalitate juridic reprezint
entitatea (ntreprinderea, societatea comercial,
asociaia, instituia bugetar, organizaia fr scop
patrimonial etc.) care desfoar o activitate
economic, are contabilitate proprie i ia decizii n
exercitarea funciei principale.

7. Statistical measures used:

The Yearbook mainly presents absolute and relative
data (indices, weights, propensity indicators a.s.o.).
 The statistical indicator is the numerical expression
of certain phenomena, processes, activities or
economic and social categories, manifested over
time, area and structures.
 The index is a ratio between values of the same
variables recorded in various time or territorial units.
The statistical indices used within the Yearbook are:
 Laspeyres index - weighted arithmetic mean of
individual indices of the same variable; the used
weights refer to the base period;
 Paasche index - weighted arithmetic mean of
individual indices of the same variable; the used
weights refer to current period.
 The statistical unit is subject to the survey and
bearer of the statistical characteristics observed
through the programme.
 The observation unit is the entity from/for which
primary data and information are collected, based on
which statistics are compiled.
 The reporting unit is the entity supplying primary
data and information under a statistical survey.
 The unit with legal status in the entity (enterprise,
commercial company, association, budgetary
institution, non-profit organisation a.s.o.) carrying out
an economic activity, with own bookkeeping and
taking decisions when exercising its main function.

 Unitatea fr personalitate juridic reprezint o

persoan, o gospodrie, o familie, o asociaie sau
orice alt entitate ce nu dispune de autonomie de
decizie n exercitarea funciei principale.

 The unit without legal status is a natural person, a

household, a family, an association or any other entity
without decisional autonomy when exercising its main
function.

8. Datele n preuri curente se refer la volumul

produciei, veniturilor, cheltuielilor sau valoarea
produselor, serviciilor etc. exprimate n preurile anului
curent. Valorile din diferite perioade n preuri curente
nu sunt direct comparabile i, n consecin, nu pot fi
utilizate la calculul indicilor fr a fi, n prealabil,
deflatate cu indicii de preuri corespunztori.

8. Data expressed in current prices refer to the

volume of production, income or expenses or to the
value of products, services a.s.o., expressed in the
current year prices. The values expressed in current
prices corresponding to various periods are not directly
comparable and, as consequence, cannot be used for
indices compilation without being previously deflated
with the corresponding price indices.

9. Formele de proprietate sunt:

 proprietate majoritar de stat - cuprinde capitalul
integral de stat, public, de interes naional i local i
mixt, unde statul deine 50% i peste din capitalul
social;
 proprietate majoritar privat - cuprinde capitalul
integral privat, mixt, n care peste 50% din capitalul
social este privat, capital integral strin, cooperatist
i obtesc. Tot aici sunt cuprinse i activitile
desfurate de ctre persoanele fizice i/sau
gospodriile populaiei.

9. Ownership types:
 state majority ownership - comprises integral
state, public, national and local interest and mixed
capital, where the states own 50% or more of the
social capital;
 private majority ownership - comprises integral
private or mixed capital, where over 50% of the social
capital is private, integral foreign or co-operative and
community capital. The activities carried out by
natural persons and/or population households are
also included here.

10. Clasificri i nomenclatoare. Sunt principalele

instrumente care fac posibil structurarea dup
criterii obiective i corecte a unitilor statistice, a
proceselor i fenomenelor observate. Clasificrile
utilizate n Anuar, potrivit diferitelor scopuri sau
diferitelor domenii de activitate, sunt:

Clasificarea Activitilor din Economia Naional
(CAEN) reprezint un sistem coordonat i coerent
de grupare, dup criterii tiinifice de omogenitate, a
datelor referitoare la unitile statistice.

10. Classifications and nomenclatures. These are the

main tools allowing for the structuring of observed
processes and phenomena according to objective
and accurate criteria related to statistical units. The
classifications used within the Yearbook, according
to various purposes or fields of activity are:

The Classification of Activities of National
Economy (CANE) is a coordinated and coherent
system for grouping, according to scientific criteria
related to homogeneity, the data referring to
statistical units.

The updated version of CANE is used in the
Yearbook, respectively CANE Rev. 2, implemented
through the Order no. 337/2007 of the National
Institute of Statistics President, published in the
Official Journal no. 293/2007 and revised in the
Official Journal no. 403/2008. CANE Rev. 2 observes
the European standards, being fully compliant with
the Nomenclature of Activities from the European
Community NACE Rev. 2.
The CANE Rev. 2 structure is the following:
 Sections - coded at one letter level;
 Divisions - coded at two digits level;
 Groups - coded at three digits level;
 Classes - coded at four digits level.

n Anuar este utilizat versiunea actualizat a CAEN,

respectiv CAEN Rev. 2, implementat prin Ordinul nr.
337 / 2007 al Preedintelui Institutului Naional de
Statistic, publicat n Monitorul Oficial nr. 293 / 2007 i
revizuit n Monitorul Oficial nr. 403/2008. CAEN
Rev. 2 respect standardele europene, fiind total
armonizat cu Nomenclatorul Activitilor din
Comunitatea European NACE Rev. 2.

Structura CAEN Rev. 2 este urmtoarea:

 Seciuni - codificate printr-o liter;
 Diviziuni - codificate prin dou cifre;
 Grupe - codificare prin trei cifre;
 Clase
- codificate prin patru cifre.

Pentru interpretarea corect a structurii datelor

potrivit CAEN Rev. 2, n Anexa nr. 1 a Notei
metodologice generale se prezint clasificarea la
nivelul seciunilor i diviziunilor.

Gruparea dup mrime a ntreprinderilor;

Clasificarea produselor asociate activitilor
utilizat de Uniunea European - CPA;

Clasificarea produselor i serviciilor asociate
activitilor - CPSA 2002;

Clasificarea produselor i serviciilor asociate
activitilor - CPSA 2008, aprobat prin Hotrrea
de Guvern nr. 53/1999 i revizuit prin Ordinul
Preedintelui Institutului Naional de Statistic
nr. 605 / 15.X.2008.
CPSA 2008 reprezint o detaliere a CAEN Rev. 2, prin
ordonarea dup principiul omogenitii a tuturor
familiilor de produse i servicii pe niveluri ierarhice
succesive.
CPSA 2008 asigur informaii pentru:
satisfacerea cerinelor de agregare i detaliere a
datelor referitoare la producia de bunuri i servicii;
identificarea sistematizat a produselor i
serviciilor din economia naional;
compararea i interpretarea unitar a datelor
statistice.
CPSA 2008 este total armonizat cu Clasificarea
Produselor Asociate Activitilor (CPA 2008) utilizat n
cadrul UE. Clasificarea conine explicaii la nivelul
diverselor entiti de clasificare n funcie de necesiti.

PRODROM - Nomenclatorul de produse i

servicii industriale elaborat de Institutul Naional
de Statistic (INS) i utilizat pentru cercetri
statistice
privind
producia
industrial.
Nomenclatorul PRODROM este total armonizat cu
lista PRODCOM utilizat n cadrul Uniunii
Europene. Legtura CAEN Rev. 2 cu PRODROM
este asigurat la nivel de patru cifre (clas),
ntruct poziiile din cadrul nomenclatorului
PRODROM sunt rezultatul detalierii subclaselor
elementare CPSA 2008.

11. Definirea activitilor. n practic, majoritatea

unitilor de producie efectueaz activiti cu
caracter mixt, respectiv activitate principal, activiti
secundare i activiti auxiliare. Identificarea
activitii secundare este necesar pentru a ncadra
o unitate ntr-o anumit poziie din CAEN Rev. 2.

Activitatea principal, n sensul clasificrii, este
identificat prin metoda ordinii descresctoare (de
sus n jos). Ea reprezint acea activitate care
contribuie n cea mai mare msur la valoarea
adugat total a unitii luate n considerare.

In view to reach an accurate interpretation of data

structure according to CANE Rev. 2, the Annex no. 1 to
the General methodological note includes the
classification at section and division level.

Enterprises grouping by size;

Classification of products associated to
activities used by the European Union - CPA;

Classification of products associated to
activities - CPA 2002;

Classification of products associated to activities
- CPA 2008, adopted by the Government Decision
no. 53/1999 and revised by the National Institute of
Statistics President Order no. 605 / 15.X.2008.
CPA 2008 represents a detailed version of CANE Rev. 2,
whose organisation relies on the principle of
homogeneity of all families of products and services by
successive hierarchical levels.
CPA 2008 classification provides information in order to:
respond to the requirements of aggregation and
detailed data regarding the production of goods and
services;
identify the products and services from our national
economy;
ensure the comparability of statistical data.
CPA 2008 classification is fully harmonised
with Classification of Products Associated to Activities
(CPA 2008) used in EU. The classification contains
explanatory notes for various classification entities
according to the necessities.
 PRODROM - the Nomenclature of industrial
products and services drawn up by the National
Institute of Statistics (NIS) and used for statistical
surveys on industrial production. The PRODROM
nomenclature is fully harmonised with the
PRODCOM list used within the European Union.
The link of CANE Rev. 2 with PRODROM is ensured
at four digits level (class), since the positions from
PRODROM nomenclature are the result of CPSA
2008 detailing elementary sub-classes.

11. Activities definition. In practice, most of the

production units carry out activities of mixed nature,
namely main activity, secondary and ancillary activities.
The identification of secondary activity is needed in view
to frame a unit under a certain heading of CANE Rev. 2.


The main activity, in the sense of classification, is

identified by top-down method. This is the activity
contributing to the largest extent to the total value
added of the concerned unit.

Activitatea secundar este orice alt activitate

din cadrul unitii productoare de bunuri sau
servicii.
Activitatea auxiliar este o activitate conex,
indispensabil funcionrii unei entiti, precum:
contabilitate, transport, depozitare, achiziionare
promovare, ntreinere i reparaie etc.

The secondary activity is any other kind of activity

carried out within the unit producing goods or
services.
The ancillary activity is an auxiliary activity,
indispensable for the functioning of an entity, such
as: bookkeeping, transport, storage, purchase,
promotion, maintenance and repair a.s.o.

12. mprirea teritorial. Din punct de vedere al

structurii teritoriale, datele din Anuar sunt prezentate la
nivel naional (pe ntreaga ar), precum i pe diferite
uniti teritoriale, n funcie de specificul indicatorilor.
Unitile teritoriale, dup statutul lor, sunt
administrative (comun, ora, ora-municipiu, jude) i
non-administrative (macroregiune i regiune de
dezvoltare).
Pn n anul 1998, prin lucrrile i publicaiile
statistice, s-au prelucrat i diseminat, de regul, doar
date la nivel de jude, municipii, orae i comune.
ncepnd din anul 1998, n structura teritorial i, ca
urmare, n publicaiile statistice, au fost prezentate date
i la nivelul regiunilor de dezvoltare.
ncepnd cu ediia 2008, potrivit Legii nr. 315/2004
privind dezvoltarea regional n Romnia, n structura
teritorial sunt prezentate date i la nivelul
macroregiunilor, constituite conform Legii privind
stabilirea nomenclatorului unitilor teritoriale statistice
din
Romnia
i
cerinelor
Regulamentului
CE nr. 1059/2003 al Parlamentului i al Consiliului
European privind stabilirea unui nomenclator comun al
unitilor teritoriale de statistic NUTS, publicat n
Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene nr. L 154/2003.

12. Territorial breakdown. From territorial structure

standpoint, the data included in the Yearbook are
presented at national level (for the whole country), as
well as by various territorial unit, depending on indicators
specific. According to their status, territorial units are
either administrative (commune, town, town-municipality,
county) or non-administrative (macroregion and
development region).
Till 1998, within the statistical works and publications,
only data at county, municipality, town and commune
level were, as a rule, processed and disseminated.
Beginning with 1998, according to the territorial
structure, the statistical publications also included data at
development regions level.
Starting with 2008 edition, according to
the Law no. 315/2004 on regional development in
Romania, territorial structure also presents data at
macroregional level, constituted according to the Law on
setting up the nomenclature of statistical territorial units
in Romania and to requirements of the EC Regulation
no. 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the
Council regarding the setting up of a common
nomenclature of statistical territorial units NUTS,
published in Official Journal of European Union no.
L 154/2003.

13. Conform Legii nr. 348 / 14.VII. 2004 privind

denominarea monedei naionale a Romniei
(ncepnd cu data de 1 iulie 2005), seriile de date
exprimate n valori absolute au fost recalculate n
lei (RON).
Un leu nou (RON) este egal cu 10000 lei vechi (ROL).

13. According to the Law no. 348 / 14.VII. 2004 on the

process of national currency of Romania denomination
(beginning with July 1, 2005), data series expressed in
absolute values were recalculated in lei (RON).

Seriile de indici nu sunt afectate de denominare.

One leu (RON) is equivalent with 10000 former

lei (ROL).
Statistical indices series are not affected by
denomination.

Anexa nr. 1
Annex no. 1
CLASIFICAREA ACTIVITILOR DIN ECONOMIA NAIONAL CAEN Rev. 2
(aprobat prin Ordinul nr. 337/20. IV. 2007 privind actualizarea Clasificrii activitilor din economia naional - CAEN,
publicat n M.O. nr. 293/03. V.2007 i revizuit n M.O. nr. 403/29. V.2008)
THE CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIVITIES IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY CANE Rev. 2
(approved through Order no. 337/20. IV. 2007 on the classification of activities in the national economy - CANE updating,
published in the Official Journal no. 293/03. V. 2007 and revised in the Official Journal no. 403/29. V. 2008)
Seciune Diviziune Denumire
Section Division

Description

A
01

AGRICULTUR, SILVICULTUR I PESCUIT

Agricultur, vntoare i servicii anexe

02
03

Silvicultur i exploatare forestier

Pescuitul i acvacultura

AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHING

Crop and animal production, hunting and related
service activities
Forestry and logging
Fishing and aquaculture

05
06
07
08
09

INDUSTRIA EXTRACTIV
Extracia crbunelui superior i inferior
Extracia petrolului brut i a gazelor naturale
Extracia minereurilor metalifere
Alte activiti extractive
Activiti de servicii anexe extraciei

MINING AND QUARRYING

Mining of coal and lignite
Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas
Mining of metal ores
Other mining and quarrying
Mining support service activities

INDUSTRIA PRELUCRTOARE
Industria alimentar
Fabricarea buturilor
Fabricarea produselor din tutun
Fabricarea produselor textile
Fabricarea articolelor de mbrcminte
Tbcirea i finisarea pieilor; fabricarea articolelor
de voiaj i marochinrie, harnaamentelor i
nclmintei; prepararea i vopsirea blnurilor
Prelucrarea lemnului, fabricarea produselor din lemn
i plut, cu excepia mobilei; fabricarea articolelor din
paie i din alte materiale vegetale mpletite
Fabricarea hrtiei i a produselor din hrtie
Tiprire i reproducerea pe supori
a nregistrrilor
Fabricarea produselor de cocserie i a produselor
obinute din prelucrarea ieiului
Fabricarea substanelor i a produselor chimice
Fabricarea produselor farmaceutice de baz i a
preparatelor farmaceutice
Fabricarea produselor din cauciuc i mase plastice
Fabricarea altor produse din minerale nemetalice

MANUFACTURING
Manufacture of food products
Manufacture of beverages
Manufacture of tobacco products
Manufacture of textiles
Manufacture of wearing apparel
Tanning and dressing of leather; manufacture
of travel and leather goods, harness and footwear;
preparation and dyeing of furs
Manufacture of wood and of products of wood
and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles
of straw and plaiting materials
Manufacture of paper and paper products
Printing and reproduction of recorded media

C
10
11
12
13
14
15

16

17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
D

35

Industria metalurgic
Industria construciilor metalice i a produselor
din metal, exclusiv maini, utilaje i instalaii
Fabricarea calculatoarelor i a produselor
electronice i optice
Fabricarea echipamentelor electrice
Fabricarea de maini, utilaje i echipamente n.c.a.
Fabricarea autovehiculelor de transport rutier,
a remorcilor i semiremorcilor
Fabricarea altor mijloace de transport
Fabricarea de mobil
Alte activiti industriale n.c.a.
Repararea, ntreinerea i instalarea mainilor
i echipamentelor
PRODUCIA I FURNIZAREA DE ENERGIE
ELECTRIC I TERMIC, GAZE, AP
CALD I AER CONDIIONAT
Producia i furnizarea de energie electric i
termic, gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat

Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum

products
Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products
Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and
pharmaceutical preparations
Manufacture of rubber and plastic products
Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral
products
Manufacture of basic metals
Manufacture of fabricated metal products,
except machinery and equipment
Manufacture of computer, electronic and
optical products
Manufacture of electrical equipment
Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c.
Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and
semi-trailers
Manufacture of other transport equipment
Manufacture of furniture
Other manufacturing activities n.e.c.
Repair, maintenance and installation of machinery
and equipment
ELECTRICITY, GAS, STEAM AND
AIR CONDITIONING PRODUCTION AND SUPPLY
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning
production and supply

Anexa nr. 1 - continuare

Annex no. 1 - continued
Seciune Diviziune Denumire
Section Division

Description

39

DISTRIBUIA APEI; SALUBRITATE,

GESTIONAREA DEEURILOR,
ACTIVITI DE DECONTAMINARE
Captarea, tratarea i distribuia apei
Colectarea i epurarea apelor uzate
Colectarea, tratarea i eliminarea deeurilor;
activiti de recuperare a materialelor reciclabile
Activiti i servicii de decontaminare

WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE, WASTE

MANAGEMENT AND DECONTAMINATION
ACTIVITIES
Water catchment, treatment and distribution
Used water collection and purification
Waste collection, purification and disposal;
activities of recycling materials recovery
Activities and services of decontamination

41
42
43

CONSTRUCII
Construcii de cldiri
Lucrri de geniu civil
Lucrri speciale de construcii

CONSTRUCTION
Construction of buildings
Civil engineering
Specialised construction activities

COMER CU RIDICATA I CU AMNUNTUL;

REPARAREA AUTOVEHICULELOR I
A MOTOCICLETELOR
Comer cu ridicata i cu amnuntul, ntreinerea i
repararea autovehiculelor i a motocicletelor
Comer cu ridicata cu excepia comerului cu
autovehicule i motociclete
Comer cu amnuntul, cu excepia
autovehiculelor i motocicletelor

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL; REPAIR OF

MOTOR VEHICLES AND MOTORCYCLES

49
50
51
52
53

TRANSPORT I DEPOZITARE
Transporturi terestre i transporturi prin conducte
Transporturi pe ap
Transporturi aeriene
Depozitare i activiti auxiliare pentru transporturi
Activiti de pot i de curier

TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

Land transport and transport via pipelines
Water transport
Air transport
Warehousing and support activities for transportation
Postal and courier activities

55
56

HOTELURI I RESTAURANTE
Hoteluri i alte faciliti de cazare
Restaurante i alte activiti de servicii de alimentaie

HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS

Hotels and other accommodation facilities
Restaurants and other catering services

60
61
62

INFORMAII I COMUNICAII
Activiti de editare
Activiti de producie cinematografic, video i de
programe de televiziune; nregistrri audio i
activiti de editare muzical
Activiti de difuzare i transmitere de programe
Telecomunicaii
Activiti de servicii n tehnologia informaiei

63

Activiti de servicii informatice

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION

Publishing activities
Motion picture, video and television programme
production, sound recording and music publishing
activities
Programming and broadcasting activities
Telecommunications
Computer programming, consultancy and
related activities
Information service activities

36
37
38

45
46
47

J
58
59

K
64
65

66

L
68
M

INTERMEDIERI FINANCIARE I ASIGURRI

Intermedieri financiare, cu excepia activitilor
de asigurri i ale fondurilor de pensii
Activiti de asigurri, reasigurri i ale fondurilor
de pensii (cu excepia celor din sistemul public
de asigurri sociale)
Activiti auxiliare intermedierilor financiare,
activiti de asigurare i fonduri de pensii

Wholesale and retail, maintenance and repair of

motor vehicles and motorcycles
Wholesale, except of motor vehicles and
motorcycles
Retail, except of motor vehicles and
motorcycles

FINANCIAL AND INSURANCE INTERMEDIATION

Financial intermediation, except insurance and
pension funding
Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding
(except compulsory social security)
Activities auxiliary to financial intermediation,
insurance activities and pension funds

TRANZACII IMOBILIARE
Tranzacii imobiliare

REAL ESTATE ACTIVITIES

Real estate activities

ACTIVITI PROFESIONALE, TIINIFICE

I TEHNICE

PROFESSIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND

TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES

Anexa nr. 1 - continuare

Annex no. 1 - continued
Seciune Diviziune Denumire
Section Division
69
70

71
72
73
74
75
N
77
78
79
80
81
82
O
84

P
85
Q
86
87
88
R
90
91
92
93
S
94
95
96
T

97
98

U
99

Description

Activiti juridice i de contabilitate

Activiti ale direciilor (centralelor), birourilor
administrative centralizate; activiti de management
i de consultan n management
Activiti de arhitectur i inginerie; activiti de
testri i analiz tehnic
Cercetare-dezvoltare
Publicitate i activiti de studiere a pieei
Alte activiti profesionale, tiinifice i tehnice
Activiti veterinare

Legal and accounting activities

Activities of head offices; management consultancy
activities

ACTIVITI DE SERVICII ADMINISTRATIVE I

ACTIVITI DE SERVICII SUPORT
Activiti de nchiriere i leasing
Activiti de servicii privind fora de munc
Activiti ale ageniilor turistice i a tur-operatorilor;
alte servicii de rezervare i asisten turistic
Activiti de investigaii i protecie
Activiti de peisagistic i servicii pentru cldiri
Activiti de secretariat, servicii suport i alte activiti
de servicii prestate n principal ntreprinderilor

ADMINISTRATIVE AND SUPPORT SERVICE

ACTIVITIES
Rental and leasing activities
Employment activities
Travel agency, tour operator reservation service and
related activities
Security and investigation activities
Services to buildings and landscape activities
Office administrative, office support and other
business support activities

ADMINISTRAIE PUBLIC I APRARE;

ASIGURRI SOCIALE DIN SISTEMUL PUBLIC
Administraie public i aprare; asigurri sociale din
sistemul public

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENCE;

COMPULSORY SOCIAL SECURITY
Public administration and defence; compulsory
social security

NVMNT
nvmnt

EDUCATION
Education

SNTATE I ASISTEN SOCIAL

Activiti referitoare la sntatea uman
Servicii combinate de ngrijire medical i asisten
social, cu cazare
Activiti de asisten social, fr cazare

HUMAN HEALTH AND SOCIAL WORK ACTIVITIES

Human health activities
Residential care activities

ACTIVITI DE SPECTACOLE, CULTURALE I

RECREATIVE
Activiti de creaie i interpretare artistic
Activiti ale bibliotecilor, arhivelor, muzeelor
i alte activiti culturale
Activiti de jocuri de noroc i pariuri
Activiti sportive, recreative i distractive

ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION

ALTE ACTIVITI DE SERVICII

Activiti asociative diverse
Reparaii de calculatoare, de articole personale
i de uz gospodresc
Alte activiti de servicii

OTHER SERVICE ACTIVITIES

Activities of membership organisations
Repair of computers and personal and household
goods
Other personal service activities

ACTIVITI ALE GOSPODRIILOR PRIVATE

N CALITATE DE ANGAJATOR DE PERSONAL
CASNIC; ACTIVITI ALE GOSPODRIILOR
PRIVATE DE PRODUCERE DE BUNURI I
SERVICII DESTINATE CONSUMULUI PROPRIU
Activiti ale gospodriilor private n calitate de
angajator de personal casnic
Activiti ale gospodriilor private de producere
de bunuri i servicii destinate consumului propriu

ACTIVITIES OF HOUSEHOLDS AS EMPLOYERS;

UNDIFFERENTIATED GOODS AND SERVICESPRODUCING ACTIVITIES OF
HOUSEHOLDS FOR OWN USE

ACTIVITI ALE ORGANIZAIILOR I

ORGANISMELOR EXTRATERITORIALE
Activiti ale organizaiilor i organismelor
extrateritoriale

Architectural and engineering activities; technical

testing and analysis
Scientific research and development
Advertising and market research
Other professional, scientific and technical activities
Veterinary activities

Social work activities without accommodation

Creative, arts and entertainment activities

Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural
activities
Gambling and betting activities
Sports activities and amusement and recreation
activities

Activities of households as employers of domestic

personnel
Undifferentiated goods and services producing
activities of private households for own use
ACTIVITIES OF EXTRATERRITORIAL
ORGANISATIONS AND BODIES
Activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodies

GRUPAREA JUDEELOR, PE MACROREGIUNI I REGIUNI DE DEZVOLTARE

COUNTIES GROUPING, BY MACROREGION AND DEVELOPMENT REGION
Macroregiunea
Macroregion

Regiunea de dezvoltare
Development region

Judeul
County

MACROREGIUNEA UNU
MACROREGION ONE

Nord - Vest
North - West

Bihor
Bistria-Nsud
Cluj
Maramure
Satu Mare
Slaj

Centru
Center

Alba
Braov
Covasna
Harghita
Mure
Sibiu

Nord - Est
North - East

Bacu
Botoani
Iai
Neam
Suceava
Vaslui

Sud - Est
South - East

Brila
Buzu
Constana
Galai
Tulcea
Vrancea

Sud - Muntenia
South - Muntenia

Arge
Clrai
Dmbovia
Giurgiu
Ialomia
Prahova
Teleorman

Bucureti - Ilfov
Bucharest - Ilfov

Ilfov
Municipiul Bucureti
Bucharest Municipality

Sud - Vest Oltenia

South - West Oltenia

Dolj
Gorj
Mehedini
Olt
Vlcea

Vest
West

Arad
Cara-Severin
Hunedoara
Timi

MACROREGIUNEA DOI
MACROREGION TWO

MACROREGIUNEA TREI
MACROREGION THREE

MACROREGIUNEA PATRU
MACROREGION FOUR

Not: Datele statistice n profil teritorial sunt prezentate pe judee, conform Decretului - Lege nr. 2/1968 cu modificrile ulterioare, iar judeele
au fost grupate pe regiuni de dezvoltare.
Prin rectificarea aprut n Legea nr. 315/28.VI.2004 privind dezvoltarea regional n Romnia, au fost redenumite trei regiuni,
dup cum urmeaz:
- Regiunea de dezvoltare Sud este redenumit Sud - Muntenia,
- Regiunea de dezvoltare Sud - Vest este redenumit Sud - Vest Oltenia,
- Regiunea de dezvoltare Bucureti este redenumit Bucureti - Ilfov.
S-au constituit patru macroregiuni, conform Legii privind stabilirea nomenclatorului unitilor teritoriale statistice din Romnia i
cerinelor Regulamentului CE nr. 1059/2003 al Parlamentului i al Consiliului European privind stabilirea unui nomenclator comun al
unitilor teritoriale de statistic NUTS, publicat n Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene nr. L 154/2003.

Denumirile oficiale ale macroregiunilor sunt prezentate n tabele, n mod convenional, n expresie numeric.
Note: Statistical data at territorial level are presented by county, according to the Decree - Law no. 2/1968 further amended, while
the counties were grouped by development region.
Through the rectification introduced in Law no. 315/28.VI.2004 on regional development in Romania, three regions were renamed,
as follows:
- The development region South is renamed South - Muntenia,
- The development region South - West is renamed South - West Oltenia,
- The development region Bucharest is renamed Bucharest - Ilfov.
Four macroregions were constituted, according to the Law on setting up the nomenclature of statistical territorial units in Romania
and to the requirements of the EC Regulation no. 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council regarding the setting up
of a common nomenclature of statistical territorial units NSTU, published in Official Journal of European Union no. L 154/2003.

The official names of the macroregions are presented in the tables, conventionaly, by numerical expression.

GRUPAREA JUDEELOR, PE MACROREGIUNI I REGIUNI DE DEZVOLTARE

COUNTIES GROUPING, BY MACROREGION AND DEVELOPMENT REGION
MACROREGIUNEA UNU / MACROREGION ONE
MACROREGIUNEA DOI / MACROREGION TWO
MACROREGIUNEA TREI / MACROREGION THREE

BOTOANI

Satu Mare
MARAMURE

Nord - Vest
North - West

MACROREGIUNEA PATRU / MACROREGION FOUR

Botoani

SUCEAVA

Baia Mare

SATU MARE

Suceava
BISTRIA-NSUD

Nord - Est
North - East

IAI

Zalu
Oradea

Centru
Center

SLAJ

NEAM
Piatra-Neam

Bistria

Iai

CLUJ
BIHOR

MURE

Cluj-Napoca
Cluj-Napoca

Vaslui
Bacu

Trgu Mure

HARGHITA

ARAD

VASLUI

BACU

Miercurea Ciuc
Arad

ALBA
Alba Iulia
Deva

Vest
West

BRAOV

SIBIU

Timioara

COVASNA
Sfntu
Gheorghe

VRANCEA

GALAI

Sibiu
TIMI

Focani

Braov

HUNEDOARA

Galai
PRAHOVA

Reia
Trgu Jiu

Rmnicu
Vlcea

ARGE

Legend / Legend:

BRILA

TULCEA

Ploieti
Drobeta
Turnu Severin

Orae / Towns

Brila
Tulcea

Buzu

Trgovite

CARA-SEVERIN

BUZU

GORJ

VLCEA

Piteti

DMBOVIA
IALOMIA
ILFOV

MEHEDINI

Slobozia

Municipii / Municipalities
Slatina

Reedine de jude / County residence

BUCURETI

CLRAI

Craiova

Regiuni de dezvoltare / Development regions

Sud - Vest Oltenia

South - West Oltenia

Clrai
Constana

DOLJ

Judee / Counties

CONSTANA

Alexandria

OLT

GIURGIU
Giurgiu

TELEORMAN

Sud - Muntenia
South - Muntenia

Bucureti - Ilfov
Bucharest - Ilfov

Sud - Est
South - East

PRESCURTRI FOLOSITE PENTRU UNITILE DE MSUR

ABBREVIATIONS USED FOR UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
U.M.
M.U.

= unitate de msur
= measurement unit

MVA

= megavoltamper
= megavoltamper

mm

= milimetru
= millimetre

CP
HP

= cal putere
= horse power

= metru
= metre

kcal

= kilocalorie
= kilocalorie

m2

= metru ptrat
= square metre

Gcal

= gigacalorie
= gigacalorie

m3

= metru cub
= cubic metre

kO

ha (10000 m2)

= kilooctet
= kilooctet

= hectar
= hectare

''

km

= kilometru
= kilometre

= secund
= second

'

km2

= kilometru ptrat
= square kilometre

= minut
= minute

microgr.

= microgram
= microgram

= or
= hour

mg

= miligram
= miligram

= grad
= degree

= gram
= gram

nr.
no.

= numr
= number

kg

= kilogram
= kilogram

= procent
= percentage

= ton
= tonne

mii
thou

= mii
= thousands (thou)

tdw

= ton deadweight
= tonne deadweight

mil.
mill.

= milion
= million

= litru
= litre

mild.
bn

= miliard
= billion

dal

= decalitru
= decalitre

echiv.
equiv.

= echivalent
= equivalent

hl

= hectolitru
= hectolitre

S.A.
A.S.

= substan activ
= active substance

= watt
= watt

buc.
pcs.

= bucat
= pieces

kW

= kilowatt
= kilowatt

per.

= pereche
= pair

kWh

= kilowatt - or
= kilowatt - hour

garnit.

kVA

= kilovoltamper
= kilovoltamper

n.c.a.
n.e.c.

=
=
=
=

garnitur
set
neclasificate altundeva
not elsewhere classified

SIMBOLURI FOLOSITE
SYMBOLS USED
- = nu este cazul
= data not applicable

G = grafic
= graph
*) = date mai mici dect 0,5
= magnitude less than 0.5

... = lips date

= data not available
= nontotalized data

**) = date mai mici dect 0,05

= magnitude less than 0.05

c = date confideniale
= confidential data

***) = date mai mici dect 0,005

= magnitude less than 0.005

~ = date nensumabile

= tabele ce apar numai pe CD-ROM.

= tables included only on the CD-ROM.

GEOGRAFIE, METEOROLOGIE
I MEDIU NCONJURTOR

GEOGRAPHY, METEOROLOGY
AND ENVIRONMENT

SURSA DATELOR










Cercetri statistice:
Cercetarea statistic privind cheltuielile pentru
protecia mediului, completat de operatori
economici i unitile administraiei publice.
Surse administrative:
Institutul de Geografie Bucureti;
Inspectoratul General al Poliiei de Frontier din
cadrul Ministerului Afacerilor Interne;
Administraia Naional de Meteorologie;
Ministerul Mediului i Schimbrilor Climatice;
Ministerul Finanelor Publice;
Agenia Naional pentru Protecia Mediului;
Regia Naional a Pdurilor;
Administraia Naional Apele Romne.

GEOGRAFIE I ORGANIZARE
ADMINISTRATIV-TERITORIAL
Prezentare
Romnia este situat n centrul geografic al Europei
(sud-estul Europei Centrale), la nord de Peninsula
Balcanic, la jumtatea distanei dintre Coasta
Atlanticului i Munii Ural, n interiorul i exteriorul arcului
Munilor Carpai, pe cursul inferior al Dunrii (1075 km)
i cu ieire la Marea Neagr.
De altfel, paralela 45N cu meridianul 25E se
intersecteaz n apropiere de centrul geometric al rii, la
100 km N-V de capitala rii, Bucureti.
Cu o suprafa de 238391 km2, Romnia este
a 12-a ar ca mrime a Europei.
Ieirea la mare nlesnete legturile cu rile din
bazinul Mrii Negre, bazinul Mrii Mediterane i, prin
intermediul acesteia, cu restul lumii.
Litoralul romnesc al Mrii Negre se desfoar pe
245 km, ntre grla Musura (grania cu Ucraina) i
localitatea Vama Veche (grania cu Bulgaria).
Relieful Romniei se compune din trei trepte
majore: cea nalt a Munilor Carpai (cel mai nalt vrf
Moldoveanu 2544 m), cea medie care corespunde
Subcarpailor, dealurilor i podiurilor i cea joas, a
cmpiilor, luncilor i Deltei Dunrii. Delta Dunrii, cea
mai tnr unitate de relief, n continu formare, are
altitudinea medie de 0,52 m.
Caracteristicile principale ale unitilor de relief sunt
proporionalitatea (31% muni, 36% dealuri i podiuri,
33% cmpii i lunci) i dispunerea concentric a treptelor
majore ale reliefului.
Clima Romniei este temperat-continental de
tranziie, cu influene oceanice dinspre vest,
mediteraneene dinspre sud-vest i continental-excesive
din est. Temperatura medie multianual este difereniat
latitudinal, respectiv 8C n nord i peste 11C n sud, i
altitudinal, cu valori de -2,5C n etajul montan
(Vrfu Omu - masivul Bucegi) i 11,6C n cmpie
(oraul Zimnicea - judeul Teleorman).

DATA SOURCE










Statistical surveys:
Statistical survey on environment protection
expenditure, filled in by economic operators and
public administration units.
Administrative sources:
Institute of Geography Bucharest;
General Inspectorate of Border Police within the
Ministry of Internal Affairs;
National Administration of Meteorology;
Ministry of Environment and Climatic Changes;
Ministry of Public Finances;
National Agency for Environment Protection;
National Company of Forests;
National Administration Romanian Waters.

GEOGRAPHY AND ADMINISTRATIVETERRITORIAL ORGANISATION

Description
Romania is situated in the geographical centre of
Europe (south-east of Central Europe) at the north of the
Balkan Peninsula, at half the distance between Atlantic
Coast and The Urals, inside and outside the Carpathians
Arch, on the Danube lower course (1075 km) and has
exit to the Black Sea.
Otherwise, the 45N parallel with the 25E meridian
intersects near the geometrical centre of the country,
100 km N-V of the country capital, Bucharest.
Romania is the twelfth country of Europe, having an
area of 238391 km2.
The exit to the sea enables the connections with the
countries in the Black Sea basin, in the Mediterranean
Sea basin and, by means of this, rest of the world.
Romanian seaside of the Black Sea is lying on
245 km, between Musura stream (at the border with Ukraine)
and Vama Veche locality (at the border with Bulgaria).
Romania's relief consists of three major levels: the
highest one in the Carpathians (the highest peak
Moldoveanu 2544 m), the middle one which corresponds
to the Sub-Carpathians, to the hills and to the plateaus
and the lowest one in plains, meadows and Danube
Delta. The Danube Delta, the youngest relief unit under
permanent formation, has the average height of 0.52 m.
Main features of relief units are proportionality
(31% mountains, 36% hills and plateaus, 33% plains and
meadows) and concentric display of the relief major
levels.
Romanias climate is temperate-continental of
transition, with oceanic influences from the West,
Mediterranean ones from South-West and continentalexcessive ones from the East. Multiannual average
temperature is latitudinally different, 8C in the North and
over 11C in the South, and altitudinally, with values of
-2.5C in the mountain floor (Omu peak - Bucegi massif)
and 11.6C in the plain (Zimnicea town - Teleorman county).

Precipitaiile anuale scad n intensitate de la vest la

est, respectiv de la peste 600 mm la mai puin de 500 mm
n Cmpia Romn de Est, sub 450 mm n Dobrogea i
circa 350 mm pe litoral, pentru ca n regiunile muntoase
s ajung la 1000-1500 mm.
Apele curgtoare ale Romniei sunt dispuse radial,
marea majoritate avnd izvoarele n Carpai. Principalul
colector al acestora este fluviul Dunrea, care strbate
ara n partea sudic pe o lungime de 1075 km i se
vars n Marea Neagr.
Lacurile sunt reprezentate prin lacuri naturale
(numeroase tipuri genetice) rspndite n toate unitile
majore de relief, de la cele glaciare n etajul alpin (Lacul
Mioarelor - Fgra la 2282 m) la limanele
fluvio-maritime (Lacul Techirghiol la 1,5 m) i prin lacuri
antropice, de asemenea n toate unitile de relief.
Vegetaia este condiionat de relief i de
elementele pedo-climatice, ntlnindu-se o dispunere
etajat a acesteia. Regiunile montane sunt acoperite de
pduri de conifere (ndeosebi molid), pduri de amestec
(fag, brad i molid) i pduri de fag. Pe culmile mai nalte
se afl pajiti alpine i tufriuri de jneapn, ienupr,
afin, merior i altele.
n regiunile de deal i de podi se ntlnesc pduri
de foioase n care predomin fagul, gorunul sau stejarul;
pe dealurile joase i cmpiile nalte, adesea, principalele
specii care alctuiesc pdurile sunt cerul i grnia.
Vegetaia de step i de silvostep, care ocupa ariile
cu deficit de umiditate din Podiul Dobrogei, Cmpia
Romn, Podiul Moldovei, Cmpia Banatului i
Crianei, a fost, n cea mai mare parte, nlocuit prin
culturi agricole.
Fauna Romniei este grupat pe areale difereniate
n funcie de biotopul fiecrei specii. n etajul alpin apar
elemente relicte precum capra neagr i vulturul de
munte. n pdurile carpatine triesc diferite mamifere:
urs, cerb, rs, lup, mistre, cprior, veveri i un numr
mare de specii de psri. n cteva regiuni muntoase se
mai pstreaz cocoul de munte i cocoul de
mesteacn; n regiunile de deal i cmpie sunt
rspndite: iepurele, crtia, ariciul, diferite psri,
oprle, batracieni .a.; pentru zonele de step sunt
caracteristice roztoarele (popndul i hrciogul).
Fauna acvatic este reprezentat ndeosebi prin pstrv
n apele de munte (lostria, mai rspndit n trecut, a
devenit destul de rar); clean i mrean n regiunile de
deal; crap, biban, tiuc, somn, caras n cele de cmpie
i Delta Dunrii; n apele marine teritoriale i pe Dunrea
inferioar se ntlnesc i specii de sturioni.
Resursele minerale utile ale Romniei sunt variate.
Printre principalele resurse minerale utile pot fi
menionate: petrolul, cu vechi tradiii de exploatare;
gazele naturale; crbunii, n special huila cocsificabil,
crbunele brun i lignitul; minereuri feroase i neferoase,
zcminte de aur, argint i de bauxit; rezerve mari de
sare, precum i o serie de resurse nemetalifere.

Yearly precipitations decrease in intensity from west

to east, from over 600 mm to less 500 mm in the East
Romanian Plain, under 450 mm in Dobrogea and about
350 mm by seaside, in the mountainous areas they
reach 1000-1500 mm.
Romanian running waters are radially displayed,
most of them having the springs in the Carpathians. Their
main collector is the Danube river, which crosses the
country in the south on 1075 km length and flows into the
Black Sea.
The lakes are represented by natural lakes
(numerous genetic types) spread in all major units of
relief, from glacial ones in the alpine floor (Mioarelor
Lake - Fgra 2282 m) to river-maritime banks
(Techirghiol Lake at 1.5 m) and anthropic lakes, as well
in all relief units.
The vegetation is determined by the relief and by
pedo-climatic elements, being displayed in floors.
Mountainous regions are covered by coniferous forests
(especially spruce fir), mixture forests (beech, fir-tree,
spruce fir) and beech forests. Higher peaks are covered
by alpine lawns and bushes of dwarf pine, juniper,
bilberry, red bilberry a.s.o.
In the hills and plateaus regions there are broadleaved forests, prevailing beech, common oak or durmast
oak; the main forest species often met on low hills and
high plains are Quercus cerris and Quercus frainetto.
The steppe and silvosteppe vegetation, which
covered the areas of low humidity in Dobrogea Plateau,
Romanian Plain, Moldova Plateau, Banat and Criana
Plain has been mostly replaced by agricultural crops.
Romania's fauna is grouped by different areals
according to each species biotype. Relict elements as
black goat (chamois) and mountain vulture live in the
alpine area. In the Carpathian forests live various
animals: bear, buck, lynx, wolf, wild boar, roebuck,
squirrel and several species of birds. In a few
mountainous areas both mountain cock and birch cock
are still met. In the hill and field areas there are hares,
moles, hedgehogs, various birds, lizards, batrachia
a.s.o.; rodent animals as gopher and hamster are
characteristic for the steppe areas. Water fauna is
represented especially by trout in the mountainous
waters (huck which was mostly spread in the past has
become quite rare); dace and barbel in the hill region;
carp, perch, pike, sheat fish, crucian in the field region
and Danube Delta; sturgeon species are also met in the
marine territorial waters and on the downstream Danube.
Romania's useful minerals resources are various.
Among the main useful minerals resources we can
mention: crude oil, with old exploitation traditions; natural
gas; coal, especially coking pitcoal, brown coal and
lignite; ferrous and non-ferrous ores, gold, silver and
bauxite ore deposits; vast reserves of salt as well as
numerous
non-metalliferrous
resources.

O categorie aparte a bogiilor de subsol o constituie

cele peste 2000 de izvoare de ape minerale, cu valene
pentru consum i tratamente medicale.
Teritoriul Romniei este mprit din punct de
vedere administrativ n: sate, comune, orae, municipii
i judee.
Satul este cea mai mic unitate teritorial, avnd
caracteristicile aezrilor de tip rural.
Comuna este unitatea administrativ-teritorial care
cuprinde populaia rural unit prin comunitate de
interese i tradiii, fiind alctuit din unul sau mai multe
sate (din care unul este reedin de comun).
Oraul reprezint o concentrare uman cu o funcie
administrativ i un mod de via specific ariilor urbane
i o structur profesional a populaiei n care predomin
cea ocupat n ramurile neagricole.
Municipiul este un ora cu un rol economic, social,
politic i cultural nsemnat avnd, de regul, funcie
administrativ.
Judeul reprezint unitatea administrativ-teritorial
tradiional n Romnia, alctuit din orae i comune, n
funcie de condiiile geografice, economice, socialpolitice i de legturile culturale i tradiionale ale
populaiei. Teritoriul Romniei este organizat n 42 de
judee (inclusiv Municipiul Bucureti).
Ca uniti teritoriale (non-administrative) au fost
create opt regiuni de dezvoltare, constituite prin
reuniunea mai multor judee.
Au fost create patru macroregiuni, care nu sunt
uniti administrativ-teritoriale i nu au personalitate
juridic; sunt constituite pentru a asigura colectarea,
elaborarea i difuzarea statisticilor regionale armonizate la
nivelul Uniunii Europene.

A special category of subsoil riches is constituted by over

2000 mineral water springs, with consumption and
medical treatments valences.
Romanian territory is divided from administrative
viewpoint into: villages, communes, towns, municipalities
and counties.
Village is the smallest territorial unit, having
characteristics of rural settlements.
Commune is a territorial-administrative unit which
comprises rural population united by interest and
traditional community, including one or several villages
(from which one is commune residence).
Town represents a human concentration with
administrative function and a life specific to urban areas
and with a population professional structure where the
population employed in non-agricultural branches prevails.
Municipality is a town, with an important economic,
social, political and cultural role, usually having
administrative function.
County represents traditional administrativeterritorial unit in Romania, including towns and
communes, depending on geographical, economical and
social-political conditions and population cultural and
traditional relations. Romanian territory is organized into
42 counties (including Bucharest Municipality).
As territorial (non-administrative) units, eight
regions of development were created, gathering
several counties.
Four macroregions were created, which are not
administrative territorial units and have no legal entity,
they are constituted to assure the collection, compilation
and transmission of harmonised regional statistics at
European Union level.

Oraele principale: Bucureti, Timioara, Iai,

Cluj-Napoca, Constana, Craiova, Galai, Braov,
Ploieti, Brila, Oradea, Bacu, Piteti, Arad, Sibiu.
Porturile principale:
la Marea Neagr: Constana, Mangalia;
la Dunre: Moldova Nou, Orova, Drobeta-Turnu
Severin, Calafat, Corabia, Turnu Mgurele, Zimnicea,
Giurgiu, Oltenia, Clrai, Cernavod, Hrova,
Mcin, Brila, Galai, Tulcea, Sulina.
Aeroporturile principale: Bucureti (Henri Coand Otopeni i Aurel Vlaicu - Bneasa), Constana (Mihail
Koglniceanu), Timioara (Traian Vuia), Cluj-Napoca,
Iai, Craiova, Arad, Bacu, Baia Mare, Oradea, Satu Mare,
Sibiu, Suceava, Trgu Mure, Tulcea.
Capitala: Municipiul Bucureti (1886866 locuitori,
populaia rezident (stabil) la 1 ianuarie 2012, estimat n
condiii de comparabilitate cu rezultatele definitive ale
Recensmntului Populaiei i al Locuinelor - 2011),
mprit n ase sectoare administrative. Prima menionare
documentar dateaz din 20.IX.1459, ca reedin a lui
Vlad epe. Capital a rii Romneti ncepnd din a
doua jumtate a secolului al XVII-lea i Capitala Romniei,

Main cities: Bucharest, Timioara, Iai, Cluj-Napoca,

Constana, Craiova, Galai, Braov, Ploieti, Brila,
Oradea, Bacu, Piteti, Arad, Sibiu.
Main harbours:
at the Black Sea: Constana, Mangalia;
at the Danube: Moldova Nou, Orova, Drobeta-Turnu
Severin, Calafat, Corabia, Turnu Mgurele,
Zimnicea, Giurgiu, Oltenia, Clrai, Cernavod,
Hrova, Mcin, Brila, Galai, Tulcea, Sulina.
Main airports: Bucharest (Henri Coand Otopeni and Aurel Vlaicu - Bneasa), Constana
(Mihail Koglniceanu), Timioara (Traian Vuia),
Cluj-Napoca, Iai, Craiova, Arad, Bacu, Baia Mare,
Oradea, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Trgu Mure, Tulcea.
The capital: Bucharest Municipality (1886866
inhabitants, the usual resident population on January 1, 2012
was used, estimated under comparability conditions with the
final results of the Population and Housing Census - 2011),
organised into six administrative sectors. The first
documentary mention was on 20.IX.1459, as residence of
Vlad epe. Capital of ara Romneasc since the second
half of the XVII th century and Capital of Romania since 1862,

din anul 1862, municipiul Bucureti este cel mai important

centru politic, economic i cultural-tiinific al rii.
Limba oficial: limba romn.
Drapelul Romniei este tricolor; culorile sunt
aezate vertical n ordinea urmtoare, ncepnd de la
lance: albastru, galben, rou.
Ziua naional a Romniei: 1 Decembrie.
Imnul naional al Romniei este Deteapt-te
romne.
Forma de guvernmnt a Romniei este republica:
Republic, conform Constituiei adoptate n 1991 i
modificat n 2003;
Puterea legislativ este reprezentat de un
parlament bicameral (Camera Deputailor i
Senatul), iar puterea executiv este exercitat de
Guvern, condus de un prim-ministru desemnat de
preedintele rii;
Preedintele rii este ales n baza rezultatelor
alegerilor generale prin scrutin universal pentru un
mandat de 5 ani.
Moneda naional: Leu, cu subdiviziunea ban.
Cursul monedei naionale este stabilit zilnic pe piaa
valutar interbancar, moneda de referin fiind euro.

Bucharest Municipality is the most important political,

economic and cultural-scientific center of the country.
Official language: Romanian.
Flag of Romania: is three - coloured; the colours
are placed vertically in the following order from the
lance: blue, yellow, red.
National day of Romania: December, 1.
National anthem of Romania is Wake up,
Romanian.
Government form in Romania is the republic:
Republic, according to the Constitution adopted in
1991 and modified in 2003;
Legislative power is represented by two chamber
Parliament (Chamber of Deputies and Senate), and
executive power is carried out by Government led
by Prime Minister appointed by the countrys
President;
President of the country is elected based on
general elections results by universal vote for a
5 years mandate.
National currency: Leu, with ban as subdivision.
The exchange rate is set on the interbank currency
market on a daily basis, reference currency being euro.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

METEOROLOGIE

METEOROLOGY

Cercetarea proceselor i fenomenelor fizice din

atmosfera terestr, care determin starea timpului i
clima, are la baz msurtorile i observaiile
meteorologice ce se efectueaz permanent sau periodic
n diferite puncte de pe suprafaa globului terestru i la
diferite nlimi n atmosfera liber. Programul unitar al
msurtorilor i observaiilor, precum i alte activiti
meteorologice
se
asigur
prin
colaborare
internaional, n cadrul Administraiei Naionale de
Meteorologie, cu Organizaia Meteorologic Mondial.
Staia meteorologic reprezint punctul de pe
suprafaa terestr unde se efectueaz observaii i
msurtori asupra tuturor elementelor i fenomenelor
meteorologice, conform programului stabilit. Majoritatea
observaiilor,
msurtorilor
i
determinrilor
meteorologice de la staii se efectueaz pe platforma
meteorologic situat pe un teren deschis, tipic pentru
regiunea respectiv, cu dimensionarea standard de
26 m x 26 m.
Pentru cercetarea proceselor i fenomenelor
atmosferice i pentru calculul diferiilor parametri
meteorologici i climatici, este necesar raportarea
observaiilor i msurtorilor, care se realizeaz att n
spaiu, ct i n timp.

The research on physical processes and phenomena

in the terrestrial atmosphere, which determine the weather
and the climate, relies on the meteorological measurements
and observations, permanently or periodically carried out in
different points on the terrestrial globe surface and at
various altitudes in the free atmosphere. The unitary
programme of measurements and observations, as well as
other meteorological activities are assured by international
co-operation within National Administration of Meteorology,
with the World Meteorology Organisation.
The meteorological station represents the point
from the terrestrial surface, where measurements and
observations on all meteorological elements and
phenomena are carried out in keeping with the
programme. Most of meteorological observations,
measurements and determinations from the stations are
performed on the meteorological area situated on an
open land, typical for the respective region, with the
standard dimension of 26 m x 26 m.
In order to observe the atmospheric processes and
phenomena and to compute various meteorological and
climatic parameters, it is necessary to report
observations and measurements, carried out both in
space and over time.

Programul climatologic reprezint complexul

observaiilor i msurtorilor meteorologice ce se
execut la staii, dup timpul solar mediu local, att la
termenele fixe, ct i continuu n 24 de ore. Permanent,
la termenele climatologice (1, 7, 13, 19 timp solar mediu
local) se efectueaz observaii i msurtori asupra:
presiunii atmosferice, vntului, temperaturii i umezelii
aerului, temperaturii suprafeei solului, nebulozitii,
precipitaiilor, vizibilitii orizontale. Continuu, n tot cursul
zilei i nopii se determin caracteristicile tuturor
fenomenelor meteorologice (hidrometeori, litometeori,
electrometeori etc.).
Observaiile asupra temperaturii aerului constau
n msurarea temperaturii aerului la termenele stabilite i
n determinarea valorilor maxime i minime ale acesteia
n intervalele de timp dintre aceste termene.
Temperatura aerului se msoar cu instrumente cu
citire direct, psihrometrul cu ventilaie artificial,
termometrul de maxim cu mercur i termometrul de
minim cu alcool i cu aparate nregistratoare
(termografe). Pentru ca instrumentele cu care se
msoar temperatura i umezeala aerului s nu fie
influenate direct de radiaia solar, de radiaia terestr,
de precipitaii i de rafalele vntului, ele se instaleaz n
adpostul meteorologic situat la 2 m nlime deasupra
solului.
Msurarea cantitilor de ap ce provin din
precipitaii atmosferice sau care se depun din ali
hidrometeori se efectueaz cu ajutorul pluviometrului, iar
nregistrarea continu a precipitaiilor (lichide) se face cu
pluviograful. Cantitile de ap se msoar zilnic la
termenele climatologice (1, 7, 13, 19) i se exprim prin
grosimea stratului de ap czut, n mm (1mm=1l / m2).

The climatic programme represents the complex of

meteorological observations and measurements
performed at stations, according to the local average solar
time, both at fixed deadlines and continuously during
24 hours. Permanently, at the climatic deadlines (1, 7, 13,
19 local average solar time), the observations and
measurements are done for: atmospheric pressure, wind,
air temperature and humidity, ground surface temperature,
cloudiness, precipitations, horizontal visibility.
Continuously, during all day and night, the characteristics
of all meteorological phenomena (hydrometeors,
litometeors, electrometeors a.s.o.) are determined.
Air temperature observations consist of air
temperature measurement at the observation deadlines
and of determining its maximum and minimum values,
during the intervals between the climatic observation
deadlines.
Air temperature is measured with direct reading
instruments, the psychrometer with artificial ventilation,
the thermometer of maximum with mercury and the
thermometer of minimum with alcohol and with recording
apparatus (thermographs). In view to ensure that the
instruments for measuring air temperature and humidity
are not directly influenced by the solar, terrestrial
radiation, by precipitations and by wind gusts, they
should be placed in the meteorological shelter situated at
2 meters high above the ground.
The measurement of water quantities coming
from atmospheric precipitations or deposited by other
hydrometeors is carried out by means of pluviometer and
the continuous recording of precipitations (liquids) is
performed with the pluviograph. Water quantities are
daily measured at climatic deadlines (1, 7, 13, 19) and
they are expressed by the thickness of the fallen water
layer, in mm (1mm=1l / m 2).

MEDIU NCONJURTOR

ENVIRONMENT

Resursele de ap reprezint potenialul hidrologic

format din apele de suprafa i subterane n regim
natural i amenajat, inventariate la nceputul anului, din
care se asigur alimentarea diverselor folosine.
Ariile naturale protejate, conform O.U.G.
nr. 57/2007, reprezint zone terestre, acvatice i/sau
subterane, cu perimetrul legal stabilit i avnd un regim
special de ocrotire i conservare, n care exist specii de
plante i animale slbatice, elemente i formaiuni
biogeografice sau de alt natur, cu valoare ecologic,
tiinific sau cultural deosebit i cuprind:
rezervaii ale biosferei - arii naturale protejate al
cror scop este protecia i conservarea unor zone
de habitat natural i a diversitii biologice specifice;
parcuri naionale - arii naturale protejate al cror
scop este protecia i conservarea unor eantioane
reprezentative pentru spaiul biogeografic naional;

Water resources represent the hydrological

potential consisting of the superficial and underground
waters, under natural and arranged conditions, registered
at the beginning of the year, of which the utilities are fed.
Natural protected areas, according to G.P.O.
no. 57/2007, represents terrestrial, aquatic and/or
underground areas, with legally settled perimeter and
with a special protection and preservation regime, where
wild plants and animal species, bio-geographic elements
and formations or of other nature, with special ecological,
scientific or cultural value exist and include:
reservations of biosphere - protected natural areas
whose purpose is the protection and preservation of a
natural habitat areas and of specific biologic diversity;
national parks - natural protected areas whose
purpose is the protection and preservation
of representative samples for the national
bio-geographic space;

 parcuri naturale - arii naturale protejate al cror

scop este protecia i conservarea unor ansambluri
peisagistice n care interaciunea activitilor umane
cu natura de-a lungul timpului a creat o zon
distinct, cu valoare semnificativ peisagistic i/sau
cultural, deseori cu o mare diversitate biologic;
rezervaii tiinifice - arii naturale protejate al cror
scop este protecia i conservarea unor habitate
naturale terestre i/sau acvatice, cuprinznd
elemente reprezentative de interes tiinific;
rezervaii naturale - arii naturale protejate al cror
scop este protecia i conservarea unor habitate i
specii naturale importante sub aspect floristic,
faunistic, forestier, hidrologic, geologic, speologic,
paleontologic, pedologic;
monumente ale naturii - arii naturale protejate al
cror scop este protecia i conservarea unor
elemente naturale cu valoare i semnificaie
ecologic, tiinific, peisagistic deosebite;
zone umede de importan internaional sunt
acele arii naturale protejate al cror scop este
asigurarea proteciei i conservrii siturilor naturale
cu diversitate biologic specific zonelor umede;
arii de protecie special avifaunistic sunt acele arii
naturale protejate ale cror scopuri sunt conservarea,
meninerea, i acolo unde este cazul, readucerea
ntr-o stare de conservare favorabil a speciilor de
psri i a habitatelor specifice, desemnate pentru
protecia speciilor de psri migratoare slbatice;
situri de importan comunitar reprezint acele arii
care, n regiunile biogeografice n care exist,
contribuie semnificativ la meninerea sau restaurarea la
o stare de conservare favorabil a habitatelor naturale.
Evaluarea calitii apelor de suprafa const n
monitorizarea parametrilor biologici hidromorfologici,
fizico-chimici, a poluanilor prioritari sau a altor poluani
evacuai n cantiti importante.
Potrivit Legii nr. 310/2004, anexa 11, se disting
5 clase de calitate, definite astfel:
clasa de calitate I - stare foarte bun - nu exist
alterri (sau sunt foarte mici) ale valorilor
elementelor fizico-chimice i hidromorfologice de
calitate pentru tipul de corpuri de ap de suprafa
fa de cele asociate n mod normal cu acel tip n
condiii nemodificate;
clasa de calitate II - stare bun - valorile
elementelor biologice de calitate pentru tipul de corp
de ap de suprafa prezint nivele sczute de
schimbare datorit activitilor umane, dar deviaz
uor fa de acele valori normale asociate cu tipul de
corpuri de ap de suprafa n condiii nemodificate;
clasa de calitate III - stare moderat - valorile
elementelor biologice de calitate pentru tipul de corp
de ap de suprafa deviaz moderat fa de acelea

natural parks - natural protected areas whose

purpose is the protection and preservation of
landscape piles in which human activities
interactions in time created a distinct area, with
landscape and/or cultural significant value, often
with a great biological diversity;
scientific reservations - natural protected areas
whose purpose is the protection and preservation of
terrestrial and/or aquatic natural habitats, including
representative elements of scientific interest;
natural reservations - natural protected areas
whose purpose is the protection and preservation of
important natural habitats and species from flora,
fauna, forestry, hydrological, geological, speological,
paleontological, pedological point of view;
natural monuments - natural protected areas
whose purpose is the protection and preservation of
natural elements and of ecological, scientific,
landscape special significance;
wetlands of international importance are those
protected natural areas whose purpose is to ensure
the protection and preservation of the natural sites
with a wetland-specific biological diversity;
special avifaunistic protection areas are those
protected natural areas whose purpose is the
preservation, maintenance and where necessary
the conservative rehabilitation of the bird species
and specific habitats designated for wild migratory
bird species protection;
sites of community interest reprezent areas
located in biogeographical regions, contributing
significantly to the maintenance or restoration to a
favourable preservation state of the natural habitats.
The evaluation of the superficial waters
quality is carried out by monitoring the biological
hidro - morfological parameters, physico - chemical,
the prioritary pollution agents or other pollution
agents evacuated in important quantities.
According to Law no. 310/2004, annex 11, 5 quality
classes are distinguished, defined as follows:
the first quality class - very good state - no
alterations (or very few) of physico-chemical and
hydro-morfological quality elements value exist for
the type of superficial waters bodies as against
those normally associated with specific type in
unchanged conditions;
the second quality class - good state - biological
quality elements values for superficial water body
type presents low levels of change because of
human activity, but it slightly deviate as against those
normal values associated with superficial water
bodies type in unchanged conditions;
the third quality class - moderate state - biological
quality elements values for superficial water body
type moderately deviates as against those which are

care sunt n mod normal asociate cu tipul de corp de

ap de suprafa n condiii nemodificate. Valorile
prezint semne moderate de perturbare ca urmare a
activitilor umane i sunt esenial perturbate fa de
valorile din condiiile de stare bun;
clasa de calitate IV - slab - prezint dovezi de
alterri majore ale valorilor elementelor biologice de
calitate pentru tipul de corpuri de ape de suprafa i
n care comunitile biologice importante deviaz
semnificativ de la valorile normale asociate cu tipul
de corpuri de ap de suprafa n condiii
nemodificate;
clasa de calitate V - proast - prezint dovezi de
alterri majore ale valorilor elementelor biologice de
calitate pentru tipul de corpuri de ape de suprafa i
n care pri mari din comunitile biologice
importante care sunt n mod normal asociate cu tipul
de corpuri de ap de suprafa n condiii
nemodificate, sunt absente.
Cheltuielile pentru protecia mediului includ
investiiile i cheltuielile curente interne pentru
desfurarea activitilor de supraveghere i protecie a
mediului, i care se refer la prevenirea sau repararea
pagubelor aduse acestuia.
Investiiile pentru protecia mediului includ
cheltuielile efectuate pentru lucrri de construcii, de
instalaii i de montaj, pentru achiziionarea de utilaje,
mijloace de transport, alte cheltuieli destinate crerii de
noi mijloace fixe pentru dezvoltarea, modernizarea,
reconstrucia celor existente, cu scopul de protecie a
mediului. Ele includ, de asemenea, valoarea serviciilor
legate de transferul de proprieti al mijloacelor fixe
existente i al terenurilor (taxe, materiale, comisioane,
cheltuieli de transport de ncrcare - descrcare).
Cheltuieli curente interne pentru protecia mediului
nsumeaz cheltuielile efectuate pentru operarea,
repararea i ntreinerea instalaiilor i utilajelor pentru
protecia mediului de ctre personalul ntreprinderii. Ele
includ salariile i impozitele aferente i cheltuielile
materiale (materii prime, materiale, combustibili, energie,
ap etc.). Cheltuielile curente interne nu includ cheltuielile
pentru achiziionarea de servicii de mediu de la teri.
Categoriile de productori de servicii pentru
protecia mediului sunt:
productorii nespecializai - uniti care execut o
activitate de protecia mediului ca activitate secundar
sau auxiliar la o activitate principal. Activitatea
principal nu este una de protecia mediului. Aceste
uniti se regsesc n sectorul producie (CAEN Rev.2,
diviziunile: 02; 05-36; 41; 42; 43; 49; 50; 51);
productorii specializai - uniti care execut
activiti de protecia mediului ca activitate principal,
conform CAEN Rev.2, diviziunile: 37; 38; 39 i clasa
4677;

normally associated with superficial water body type

in unchanged conditions. These values presents
moderate perturbation signs because of human
activities and are essentially perturbated as against
the good state conditions values;
the fourth quality class - poor - presents major
alteration proofs of the biological quality elements
values for superficial water bodies type in which
important biological communities significantly
deviates from the normal values associated with
superficial water bodies type in unchanged
conditions;
the fifth quality class - bad - presents major
alteration proofs of the biological quality elements
values for superficials water bodies type and in
which big parts from important biological
communities which are normally associated with
superficial water bodies type in unchanged
conditions are absent.
Environment protection expenditure include
investments and internal current expenditure for carrying
out the activities of environment observation and
protection and refer to environment damages prevention
or repair.
Investments for environment protection include
the expenditure made for construction, installations and
building works, for equipment, transport means
purchasing, other expenditure meant to create new fixed
assets
for
the
development,
modernization,
reconstruction of the already existent ones, having the
purpose of environment protection. They also include the
value of services related to existent fixed assets and land
ownership transfer (taxes, materials, commissions,
loading-unloading transport expenditure).
Current internal expenditure for environment
protection are made of the expenditure for operating,
repairs and maintenance of installations and equipment
for environment protection by enterprise staff. They
include salaries and taxes and material expenditure (raw
materials, materials, fuels, energy, water a.s.o.). The
current internal expenditure do not include
environmental services purchased from thirds.
Categories of service producers for environment
protection are:
non-specialised producers - units carrying out an
activity of environment protection as their
secondary or auxiliary activity. Their main activity is
not the environment protection. These units are
found in the sector of production (CANE Rev. 2,
divisions: 02; 05-36; 41; 42; 43; 49; 50; 51);
specialised producers - units carrying out an activity
of environment protection as their main activity,
according to CANE Rev.2, divisions: 37; 38 ; 39 and
4677 class;

 administraia public - toate unitile administraiei

publice locale i centrale a cror producie de
servicii de protecia mediului non-pia este
destinat consumului individual i colectiv
(CAEN Rev.2, clasa 8411).
Activitile specifice de protecia mediului sunt
grupate dup domeniile de mediu, astfel:
prevenirea i combaterea polurii (protecia
aerului, protecia apei, managementul deeurilor,
protecia solului i a apelor subterane);
protecia resurselor naturale i conservarea
biodiversitii (protecia speciilor, arii protejate,
remediere i reconstrucie ecologic, refacerea
mediului acvatic, prevenirea fenomenelor naturale
periculoase);
alte domenii (cercetare-dezvoltare, administrare
general a mediului, reducerea zgomotului i a
vibraiilor, protecia mpotriva radiaiilor, educaie,
instruire, informare).

public administration - local and central units of

public administration whose non-market production
of environment protection services is meant for
individual and collective consumption (CANE Rev.2,
8411 class).
Specific activities of environment protection are
grouped by environmental domains, as follows:
pollution prevention and reduction (air protection,
water protection, wastes management, soil and
underground waters protection);
natural resources protection and biodiversity
preservation (species protection, protected areas,
ecological remedy and reconstruction, aquatic
environment restoration, prevention of dangerous
natural phenomena);
other
domains
(research-development,
environment general administration, noise and
vibrations reduction, protection against radiation,
education, training, looking for information).

GEOGRAFIE, METEOROLOGIE I
MEDIU NCONJURTOR
GEOGRAFIE I ORGANIZARE ADMINISTRATIV-TERITORIAL
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8

Poziia geografic a Romniei

Lungimea frontierelor Romniei
Principalele altitudini muntoase
Lungimea principalelor cursuri de ap de pe teritoriul Romniei
Principalele lacuri naturale
Principalele lacuri antropice
Altitudinea medie a principalelor orae din Romnia
Organizarea administrativ a teritoriului Romniei, la 31 decembrie 2012
METEOROLOGIE

1.9 Temperatura aerului (media lunar i anual)

1.10 Temperatura aerului (maxima absolut i minima absolut lunar i anual)
1.11 Precipitaii atmosferice (cantitatea lunar i anual)
MEDIU NCONJURTOR
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15

Resurse naturale
Ariile protejate, n anul 2012
Rezervaii ale biosferei i zone umede de importan internaional, n anul 2012
Parcurile naionale i parcurile naturale, n anul 2012
Resursele de ap asigurate, potrivit gradului de amenajare, n anul 2012

Calitatea factorilor de mediu

1.16 Calitatea apelor de suprafa, n anul 2012
Msuri de protecia mediului
1.17 Investiii pentru protecia mediului, n anul 2012
1.18 Cheltuieli curente interne pentru protecia mediului, n anul 2012

POPULAIE

POPULATION

SURSA DATELOR




Surse statistice:
Recensmintele populaiei;
Statistici din evidena curent a populaiei, pentru
datele referitoare la numrul i structura demografic
a populaiei;
nregistrri din evidena strii civile:
Buletine statistice demografice completate de oficiile
de stare civil cu date referitoare la nateri, decese,
cstorii, divoruri i nregistrri primite de la
judectorii i notariate pentru divoruri.
Model econometric bazat pe tehnici de estimare pe
domenii mici, pentru determinarea numrului de
emigrani (persoane din Romnia care i-au
schimbat reedina obinuit n alte ri).
Surse administrative:
Baza de date a Ministerului Afacerilor Interne, privind
evidena persoanelor, pentru migraia intern i
internaional (definitiv) determinat de schimbarea
domiciliului.

DATA SOURCE




Statistical sources:
Population censuses;
Statistics from current evidence of population, for
data referring to population number and
demographic structure;
Registrations from civil register evidence:
Statistical demographic reports filled in by civil
register offices with data on births, deaths,
marriages, divorces and registrations of divorces
from the court of law and notary offices.
Econometric model based on estimation techniques
by small areas, to determine the number of
emigrants (persons from Romania who changed
their usual residence in other countries).
Administrative sources:
Database of Ministry of Internal Affairs, for persons
evidence, for internal and international (definitive)
migration determined by permanent residence
change.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

Numrul populaiei prezentat n Anuar se refer la

populaia rezident (stabil), la o dat determinat,
conform metodologiei i reglementrilor internaionale n
domeniu i cuprinde totalitatea persoanelor care au
reedina obinuit n Romnia, pentru o perioad de cel
puin 12 luni.
a) Pentru perioada 2002 - 2011, numrul populaiei
rezidente (stabile) a fost reestimat n condiii de
comparabilitate cu rezultatele finale ale Recensmntului Populaiei i al Locuinelor din anul 2011;
b) ncepnd
cu
Recensmntul
Populaiei
i
al Locuinelor - 2011, numrul populaiei rezidente
(stabile) a fost estimat n conformitate cu criteriul
reedinei obinuite;
c) Numrul populaiei rezidente (stabile) la 1 ianuarie
2012 a fost determinat pe baza rezultatelor definitive
ale Recensmntului Populaiei i al Locuinelor
din anul 2011, la care s-au adugat sporul natural i
soldul migraiei internaionale aferent perioadei
20 octombrie - 31 decembrie 2011.
Numrul populaiei n perioadele intercensitare
anterioare anului 2002 s-a determinat pe baza datelor de
la recensminte i a celor din evidena curent referitoare
la micarea natural i migratorie. Datele privind
populaia aferente perioadei 1960-2001 rmn
nemodificate ntruct dimensiunea migraiei externe cu
schimbarea reedinei obinuite (fr schimbarea
domiciliului) a fost nesemnificativ.
Reedina obinuit reprezint locul n care o
persoan i petrece n mod normal perioada zilnic de
odihn, fr a ine seama de absenele temporare pentru

The number of population presented in the

Yearbook refers to usual resident population, at a
definite date, according to international methodology and
regulations in this field and comprises all the persons
with usual residence in Romania, for a period of at least
12 months.
a) For 2002-2011 period, the number of usual resident
population was re-estimated under comparability
conditions with the final results of the Population and
Housing Census of 2011;
b) Beginning with the Population and Housing
Census - 2011, the number of usual resident
population was estimated according to the criterion
of usual residence;
c) The number of usual resident population on
January 1, 2012 was determined based on final
results of the Population and Housing Census of
2011, to which the natural increase and the balance
of international migration for the period
October 20 - December 31, 2011 was added.
The number of population in the inter-census
periods before 2002 was determined based on the data
from the censuses and those from current evidence
regarding natural increase and migratory movement.
Data regarding population for the period 1960-2001
remain unchanged because the size of external
migration with the change of usual residence (without
the change of permanent residence) was insignificant.
Usual residence represents the place where one
person normally spends the daily rest period, without
taking into account temporary absences for recreation,

recreere, vacane, vizite la prieteni i rude, afaceri,

tratamente medicale sau pelerinaje religioase. Reedina
obinuit poate s fie aceeai cu domiciliul sau poate s
difere, n cazul persoanelor care aleg s-i stabileasc
reedina obinuit n alt localitate dect cea de
domiciliu din ar sau strintate.
Micarea migratorie internaional s-a determinat:
pentru perioada anterioar anului 2002: numai pe
baza datelor provenite din surse administrative
referitoare la migraia internaional (definitiv)
determinat de schimbarea domiciliului;
pentru anul 2002 i perioada ulterioar: pe baza
datelor provenite din surse administrative referitoare
la migraia internaional (definitiv) determinat de
schimbarea domiciliului, modelului econometric
bazat pe tehnici de estimare pe domenii mici, pentru
determinarea numrului de emigrani (persoane din
Romnia care i-au schimbat reedina obinuit n
alte ri), statisticilor disponibile la Eurostat conform
datelor furnizate pentru Romnia de alte ri referitor
la fenomenul migraiei.
Ratele fenomenelor demografice i cele ale migraiei
interne determinate de schimbarea domiciliului se
calculeaz n mod obinuit cu populaia la 1 iulie a
fiecrui an.
Pentru anul 2012, aceste rate au fost calculate cu
populaia rezident la 1 ianuarie 2012. Din acest motiv,
ratele aferente anului 2012 sunt provizorii.
Migraia internaional reprezint schimbarea
reedinei obinuite n alt ar i respectiv, din alt ar
n Romnia.
Emigraie nseamn aciunea prin care o persoan
care a avut anterior reedina obinuit pe teritoriul unei
ri nceteaz s mai aib reedina obinuit pe
teritoriul rii n cauz pentru o perioad care este sau se
ateapt s fie de cel puin 12 luni.
Imigraie nseamn aciunea prin care o persoan
i stabilete reedina obinuit pe teritoriul unei ri
pentru o perioad care este sau se ateapt s fie de cel
puin 12 luni, dup ce, n prealabil, a avut reedina
obinuit ntr-o alt ar.
Migraia internaional se poate clasifica n funcie
de modalitatea de edere pe teritoriul altui stat (domiciliu
sau reedin), n urmtoarele categorii:
Migraie internaional definitiv dac
persoana i stabilete domiciliul pe teritoriul altei
ri;
Migraie internaional temporar de lung
durat - dac persoana i stabilete reedina
obinuit pe teritoriul altei ri, adic absenteaz o
perioad determinat de cel puin 12 luni de la
reedina anterioar.
Stocul de emigrani la 1 ianuarie al anului de
referin reprezint numrul persoanelor care au emigrat
din Romnia, respectiv i-au stabilit reedina obinuit
n strintate pentru o perioad de cel puin 12 luni.

holidays, visits to the friends and relatives, businesses,

medical treatments or religious pilgrimages. Usual
residence can be the same with the permanent
residence or can be different, in case of persons who
choose to settle the usual residence in another locality
than the domicile one from the country or from abroad.
Migratory international movement was determined:
for period before 2002: only based on data from
administrative sources regarding international
(definitive) migration determined by change of
permanent residence;
for 2002 and next period: based on data from
administrative sources regarding international
(definitive) migration determined by change of
permanent residence, on the econometric model
based on estimation techniques on small areas,
to determine the number of emigrants (persons from
Romania who changed usual residence to other
countries), on statistics available at Eurostat
according to data provided for Romania
by other countries regarding the migration
phenomenon.
The demographic phenomena rates and the internal
migration rates determined by the change of permanent
residence are usually calculated with the population on
July 1st of each year.
For 2012, these rates were calculated with the usual
resident population on January 1, 2012. Due to this
reason, the rates for the year 2012 are provisional.
International migration represents the change of
usual residence to another country and respectively from
another country to Romania.
Emigration means the action by which one person
who previously had the usual residence on the territory
of one country ceases to have the usual residence on the
respective country territory for a period of at least 12
months.
Immigration means the action by which one person
settles the usual residence on the territory of one country
for at least 12 months, after previously having the usual
residence in another country.
International migration can be classified
depending on the modality of staying on the territory of
another country (permanent or usual residence), into the
following categories:
Definitive international migration if the person
settles the permanent residence on the territory of
another country;
Long term temporary international migration
if the person settles the usual residence on the
territory of another country, namely is absent for a
definite period of at least 12 months from previous
residence.
Stock of emigrants on January 1st of the reference
year represents the number of persons who emigrated
from Romania, respectively settled the usual residence
abroad for a period of at least 12 months.

Stocul de imigrani la 1 ianuarie al anului de

referin reprezint numrul persoanelor de cetenie
romn sau strin care au imigrat n Romnia,
respectiv care au avut anterior reedina obinuit n
strintate i i-au stabilit/restabilit reedina obinuit
pe teritoriul Romniei.
Soldul migraiei internaionale reprezint diferena
dintre numrul (stocul) de imigrani i numrul (stocul) de
emigrani, la 1 ianuarie al anului de referin.
Repartizarea populaiei pe medii de reziden s-a
realizat astfel:
pentru perioada 1960-1965, n mediul urban sunt
cuprinse municipiile, oraele i cele 183 localiti
asimilate mediului urban;
pentru anii 1966 i 1967, n mediul urban sunt
incluse datele referitoare la municipii, orae i 238
comune asimilate urbanului;
ncepnd cu anul 1968, n mediul urban sunt
cuprinse numai municipiile i oraele.
Vrsta este exprimat n ani mplinii (de exemplu, o
persoan care are vrsta de 24 ani i 11 luni la 1 iulie,
este cuprins la vrsta de 24 ani).
Sfera de cuprindere a fenomenelor demografice:
pentru perioada 1960-2011, numrul nscuilor-vii i
al deceselor include toate persoanele nscute i
respectiv, decedate ntr-un an calendaristic,
indiferent unde a avut loc acest fenomen demografic
(n Romnia sau n strintate);
n anul 2012 sunt incluse doar naterile i decesele
care au avut loc pe teritoriul Romniei, naterile i
decesele persoanelor care au reedina obinuit n
strintate nefiind incluse.
Definiiile evenimentelor demografice sunt n
concordan cu principiile i recomandrile Comisiei
de Statistic a Organizaiei Naiunilor Unite:
nscut-viu este produsul concepiei, expulzat sau
extras complet din corpul mamei, independent de
durata sarcinii i care, dup aceast separare,
prezint un semn de via (respiraie, activitate
cardiac, pulsaii ale cordonului ombilical sau
contracii musculare dependente de voin);
nscut-mort este produsul concepiei, expulzat sau
extras complet din corpul mamei dup o durat a
sarcinii de cel puin 28 sptmni i care, dup
aceast separare, nu prezint niciun semn de via;
decedat este persoana creia i-au ncetat definitiv
funciile vitale dup trecerea unui timp oarecare de
la natere;
cstoria reprezint uniunea dintre un brbat i o
femeie, ncheiat n concordan cu legislaia rii, n
scopul ntemeierii unei familii i din care rezult
drepturi i obligaii ntre cei doi soi, precum i ale
acestora fa de copii;
divorul reprezint desfacerea unei cstorii
ncheiate legal, printr-o hotrre definitiv a instanei
judectoreti, a ofierului de stare civil sau a unui

Stock of immigrants on January 1st of the

reference year represents the number of persons of
Romanian or foreign citizenship who immigrated to
Romania, respectively who previously had the usual
residence abroad and settled/resettled the usual
residence on the territory of Romania.
Balance of international migration represents the
difference between the number (stock) of immigrants and
the number (stock) of emigrants on January 1st of the
reference year.
Population breakdown by residence areas was
done as follows:
for 1960-1965 period, urban area includes
municipalities, towns and the 183 localities
assimilated to the urban area;
for 1966 and 1967, urban area includes
municipalities, towns and 238 communes
assimilated to the urban area;
starting with 1968, urban area includes only
municipalities and towns.
Age is expressed in the years reached during the
year (for instance, a person of 24 years old and 11
months at July 1st, is considered to be of 24 years old).
The coverage of demographic phenomena:
for 1960-2011 period, the number of live-births and
deaths includes all the persons born and
respectively deceased, during a calendar year, no
matter of the place of this demographic
phenomenon (in Romania or abroad);
in 2012 only births and deaths taking place on the
Romanian territory are included, births and deaths
of persons who have the usual residence abroad are
not included.
The definitions of vital events are in compliance
with the principles and recommendations of the United
Nations Statistical Commission:
live-birth is a product of conception completely
ejected or extracted from the mother's body,
regardless of the pregnancy duration, who after this
separation gives a sign of life (respiration, heart
activity, beats of umbilical cord or muscular
contractions dependent of will);
stillborn child is a product of conception completely
ejected or extracted from the mother's body after a
pregnancy duration of at least 28 weeks who, after this
separation, gives no sign of life;
deceased is the person whose vital functions definitively
ceased after a certain time passed from his birth;
marriage represents an union between a man and a
woman concluded according to the countrys
legislation, in order to set up a family, where
husband and wife have rights and obligations one
against another as well as against their children;
divorce represents the dissolution of a legally
concluded marriage, according to a final decision of
judicial court, of civil status office or of public notary.

notar public. Datele se refer la aciunile de divor

pentru care desfacerea cstoriei a fost admis.
Sporul natural reprezint diferena dintre numrul
nscuilor-vii i numrul persoanelor decedate, n anul
de referin.
Rata de natalitate reprezint numrul de nscui-vii
dintr-un an raportat la populaia la 1 iulie din anul
respectiv i se exprim n numr de nscui-vii la 1000
locuitori.
Rata general de fertilitate reprezint numrul
nscuilor- vii dintr-un an raportat la populaia feminin de
15-49 ani, la 1 iulie din anul respectiv i se
exprim n numrul de nscui-vii la 1000 femei de vrst
fertil (15-49 ani).
Indicele conjunctural al fertilitii (rata total de
fertilitate) reprezint numrul mediu de copii pe care i-ar
nate o femeie n cursul vieii sale fertile, n condiiile
fertilitii anului respectiv.
Rata de mortalitate reprezint numrul persoanelor
decedate dintr-un an raportat la populaia la 1 iulie din
anul respectiv i se exprim n numr de decese la 1000
locuitori.
Durata medie a vieii reprezint numrul mediu de
ani pe care i are de trit un nou-nscut, dac ar tri tot
restul vieii n condiiile mortalitii pe vrste din perioada
de referin.
Rata mortalitii infantile reprezint numrul de
decedai n vrst de sub 1 an la 1000 nscui-vii din
anul respectiv.
Rata de mortinatalitate reprezint numrul anual
de nscui-mori dintr-un an, raportat la numrul de
nscui-vii i mori din acelai an i se exprim n
numrul de nscui-mori la 1000 nscui-vii i mori din
anul respectiv.
Rata de nupialitate reprezint numrul cstoriilor
dintr-un an raportat la populaia la 1 iulie din anul
respectiv i se exprim n numr de cstorii la 1000
locuitori.
Rata de divorialitate reprezint numrul
divorurilor dintr-un an raportat la populaia la 1 iulie
din anul respectiv i se exprim n numr de divoruri la
1000 locuitori.
Vrsta medie a unei populaii s-a determinat ca
medie
aritmetic
a
mijloacelor
intervalelor,
ponderat cu numrul persoanelor de vrst
respectiv, dup formula:

x=

( x + 0,5) P
P

Data refer to divorce actions for which marriage

dissolution was admitted.
Natural increase represents the balance between
the number of live-births and the number of deceased
persons during the reference year.
Birth rate represents the ratio between the number
of live-births from one year and the population on July 1st
of respective year and is expressed by the number of
live-births per 1000 inhabitants.
General fertility rate represents the number of
live-births in a year related to female population aged
15-49 years on July 1st of that year and is expressed by
the number of live-births per 1000 women of fertile age
(15-49 years).
Total fertility rate represents the average number of
children that would be born by a woman during her fertile
life, under fertility conditions of that year.
Mortality rate represents the ratio between the
number of deceased persons from one year and the
population on July 1st of respective year and is
expressed by the number of deaths per 1000 inhabitants.
Life expectancy represents the average number of
years an infant would live, if living all his life under the
conditions of mortality by age corresponding to the
reference period.
Infant mortality rate represents the number of
infants deaths per 1000 live- births in respective year.
Stillborn rate is the ratio between the number of
stillborns in a year and the total number of live births and
stillborns in the same year, and is expressed by the
number of stillborns per 1000 live births and stillborns in
the respective year.
Marriages rate represents the ratio between the
number of marriages from one year and the population
on July 1st of respective year and is expressed by the
number of marriages per 1000 inhabitants.
Divortiality rate represents the ratio between the
number of divorces from one year and the population on
July 1st of respective year and is expressed by the
number of divorces per 1000 inhabitants.
Average age of a population was determined as
arithmetic mean of interval middles, weighted with the
number of persons of that age, according to the
formula:

x=

n care:

= vrsta n ani mplinii

Px = populaia n vrst de x ani

0,5 = constant (jumtate de an, considerat drept
echivalent mediu al variaiei abaterilor fa de data exact
a mplinirii unei vrste oarecare).

( x + 0.5) P
P

where:

= age in years

Px = population aged years

0.5 = constant (half of year, considered as average
equivalent of bias variation compared to the exact date of
reaching a certain age).

Repartizarea evenimentelor demografice n profil

teritorial (pe macroregiuni, regiuni de dezvoltare i
judee) s-a fcut dup urmtoarele criterii:
pentru nscui-vii i nscui-mori, dup domiciliul
mamei;
pentru decese, dup domiciliul persoanei decedate;
pentru cstorii, dup locul nregistrrii cstoriei;
pentru divoruri, dup ultimul domiciliu comun al
soilor.
Migraia intern reprezint schimbrile de domiciliu
i stabilirile temporare de reedin n alt localitate
dect cea de domiciliu n interiorul granielor rii.
Schimbarea domiciliului s-a nregistrat n cazul
persoanelor pentru care organele de poliie au nscris
noul domiciliu n cartea de identitate i n fia de
eviden a persoanei. ncepnd cu anul 1992, sunt
cuprinse i schimbrile de domiciliu dintr-un sector n
altul al Municipiului Bucureti. Nu sunt incluse
schimbrile de domiciliu n interiorul aceleiai localiti
sau n acelai sector, i nici dintr-un sat n altul, n cadrul
aceleiai comune.

2.G1

Demographic events breakdown at territorial

level (by macroregion, development region and county)
was done according to the following criteria:
for live-births and stillborn children, by mother's
residence;
for deaths, by residence of the deceased person;
for marriage, by place of marriage registration;
for divorces, by last common residence of the
spouses.
Internal migration represents changes of
permanent residence and temporary settling of
residence in another locality, different from that of
permanent residence, inside the borders of the country.
Change of permanent residence was registered
in case of persons for whom police wrote down the new
permanent residence in the identity card and in persons
evidence file. Starting with 1992, data also include
changes of permanent residence from one sector to
another within Bucharest Municipality. There are not
included permanent residence changes inside the same
locality or sector, or from one village to another, in the
same commune.

Populaia pe medii, la 1 iulie

Population by area, on July 1
%

100
80

67,9 63,1 54,2 45,7 45,4 45,4 47,1 47,0 46,1 45,0 44,6 45,1 45,9 46,1 46,1 46,0 46,0

60
40
20
0

32,1

36,9

45,8 54,3 54,6 54,6 52,9 53,0 53,9 55,0 55,4 54,9 54,1 53,9 53,9 54,0 54,0

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Urban

Rural

Not: Pentru perioada 2002-2011 s-a utilizat populaia rezident (stabil) la 1 iulie a fiecrui an, estimat n condiii de comparabilitate
cu rezultatele definitive ale Recensmntului Populaiei i al Locuinelor - 2011.
Pentru anul 2012 s-a utilizat populaia rezident (stabil) la 1 ianuarie, estimat n condiii de comparabilitate cu
rezultatele definitive ale Recensamntului Populaiei i al Locuinelor - 2011.
Note: For the period 2002-2011, the usual resident population on July 1st of each year was used, estimated under comparability
conditions with the final results of the Population and Housing Census - 2011.
For the year 2012, the usual resident population on January 1st was used, estimated under comparability conditions with the final
results of the Population and Housing Census - 2011.

2.G2

1)

Populaia rezident, pe sexe i medii, la 1 ianuarie 2012

1)
Usual resident population, by sex and area, on January 1, 2012

51,3%

46,0%

54,0%

48,7%

1)

Masculin / Male

Urban

Feminin / Female

Rural

S-a utilizat populaia rezident la 1 ianuarie, estimat n condiii de comparabilitate cu rezultatele definitive ale
Recensmntului Populaiei i al Locuinelor - 2011.
The usual resident population on January 1st was used, estimated under comparability conditions with the final results
of the Population and Housing Census - 2011.

2.G3

1)

Populaia rezident, pe vrste i sexe, la 1 ianuarie 2012

1)
Usual resident population, by age and sex, on January 1, 2012
Vrsta
Age
100
95
90
85
80

Masculin
Male

Feminin
Female

75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10

Mii persoane
Thou persons

Mii persoane
Thou persons

5
0

250
1)

200

150

100

50

50

100

150

200

S-a utilizat populaia rezident la 1 ianuarie, estimat n condiii de comparabilitate cu rezultatele definitive ale
Recensmntului Populaiei i al Locuinelor - 2011.
The usual resident population on January 1st was used, estimated under comparability conditions with the final results
of the Population and Housing Census - 2011.

250

Natalitatea, mortalitatea i sporul natural al populaiei

Birth rate, mortality and natural increase

2.G4

Rate (la 1000 locuitori) / Rates (per 1000 inhabitants)

30
25
20
15
10
5
0

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

Natalitate / Birth rate

1995

2000

2005

2010 2012

Mortalitate / Mortality rate

Sporul natural negativ
Negative natural increase

Sporul natural pozitiv

Positive natural increase

Not: Pentru perioada 2002-2011 s-a utilizat populaia rezident (stabil) la 1 iulie a fiecrui an, estimat n condiii de comparabilitate
cu rezultatele definitive ale Recensmntului Populaiei i al Locuinelor - 2011.
Pentru anul 2012 s-a utilizat populaia rezident (stabil) la 1 ianuarie, estimat n condiii de comparabilitate cu
rezultatele definitive ale Recensamntului Populaiei i al Locuinelor - 2011.
Note: For the period 2002-2011, the usual resident population on July 1st of each year was used, estimated under comparability
conditions with the final results of the Population and Housing Census - 2011.
For the year 2012, the usual resident population on January 1st was used, estimated under comparability conditions with the final
results of the Population and Housing Census - 2011.
1) Date provizorii.
Provisional data.

2.G5

Durata medie a vieii, pe sexe (ani)

Life expectancy, by sex (years)
69,2

2007

69,5

2008

69,7

2009

69,8

2010

70,1

2011

70,7

2012
0

10

20
Masculin
Male

30

40

50

60

70

76,1
76,7
77,1
77,3
77,5
77,9
80

Feminin
Female

Not: Populaia luat n calcul a fost determinat pe baza sporului natural i a soldului migraiei internaionale definitive.
Note: The population taken into calculation was determined based on natural increase and definitive net international migration.

1)

2.G6

Rate de fertilitate, pe grupe de vrst

Fertility rates, by age group
Nscui-vii la 1000 femei / Live-births per 1000 women

100

93,1
83,3

80

71,5

60
40

64,1
54,2

39,4

58,6

34,8
25,0

24,6

20
3,1

0
2007

4,3

0,2

1)

2012

0,2

2)

15 19 ani / years

35 39 ani / years

20 24 ani / years

40 44 ani / years

25 29 ani / years

45 49 ani / years

30 34 ani / years

1) Pentru anul 2007, ratele au fost calculate cu populaia rezident (stabil) la 1 iulie, estimat n condiii de comparabilitate cu rezultatele

definitive ale Recensmntului Populaiei i al Locuinelor - 2011.

For the year 2007, the rates were calculated on the usual resident population on July 1st, estimated under comparability conditions with
the final results of the Population and Housing Census - 2011.
2) Pentru anul 2012, ratele au fost calculate cu populaia rezident (stabil) la 1 ianuarie, estimat n condiii de comparabilitate cu
rezultatele definitive ale Recensmntului Populaiei i al Locuinelor - 2011.
For the year 2012, the rates were calculated on the usual resident population on January 1st, estimated under comparability conditions
with the final results of the Population and Housing Census - 2011.

2.G7

Evoluia cstoriilor i divorurilor

Evolution of marriages and divorces
mii / thou

250
200

189,2
149,4

150

134,3

115,8

50
0

36,3

2007

35,7

2008
Cstorii
Marriages

32,3
2009

107,8

105,6

100
32,6
2010

35,8

2011
Divoruri
Divorces

31,3
2012

POPULAIE
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32

Populaia rezident (stabil), pe sexe i medii

Populaia rezident (stabil), pe grupe de vrst i sexe, la 1 iulie
Populaia rezident pe vrste, sexe i medii, la 1 ianuarie 2012
Populaia rezident (stabil) a judeelor, municipiilor i oraelor,
la 20 octombrie 2011 - Recensmntul Populaiei i al Locuinelor
Gruparea judeelor i localitilor dup numrul locuitorilor,
la 20 octombrie 2011 - Recensmntul Populaiei i al Locuinelor
Micarea natural a populaiei
Micarea natural a populaiei, pe medii
Nscuii - vii dup grupa de vrst a prinilor
Nscuii-vii dup rangul nscutului-viu i grupa de vrst a mamei
Vrsta medie a mamei la natere, pe medii
ntreruperi de sarcin, pe grupe de vrst
Ratele de fertilitate, pe grupe de vrst i indicele conjunctural al fertilitii
Decesele, pe grupe de vrst i sexe
Decesele sub 1 an, dup grupa de vrst
Decese, pe cauze de deces
Ratele de mortalitate, pe grupe de vrst i sexe
Decese sub 1 an, pe cauze de deces
Rate specifice de mortalitate, pe cauze de deces
Durata medie a vieii, pe sexe i medii
Cstoriile dup grupa de vrst a soilor
Cstoriile dup starea civil a soilor nainte de cstorie
Vrsta medie la cstorie i vrsta medie la prima cstorie, pe medii
Divorurile dup grupa de vrst a soilor
Divorurile dup numrul copiilor minori rmai prin desfacerea cstoriei
Migraia intern determinat de schimbarea domiciliului, pe medii i sexe
Migraia intern determinat de schimbarea domiciliului,
pe grupe de vrst i medii
Structura fluxurilor migraiei interne urbane i rurale, determinate de
schimbarea domiciliului
Emigranii, pe sexe i grupe de vrst
(cetenii romni care i-au stabilit domiciliul n strintate)
Emigranii, dup naionalitate i ara de destinaie
(cetenii romni care i-au stabilit domiciliul n strintate)
Imigranii, pe sexe i grupe de vrst
Imigranii, dup ara de provenien
(ceteni strini i romni care i-au stabilit domiciliul n Romnia)
Migraia internaional determinat de schimbarea domiciliului, pe sexe
TERITORIAL

2.33 Populaia i densitatea populaiei, n profil teritorial, la recensminte

2.34 Populaia rezident, n profil teritorial, pe sexe i medii,
la 20 octombrie 2011 - Recensmntul Populaiei i al Locuinelor
2.35 Populaia rezident, n profil teritorial i pe grupe de vrst,
la 20 octombrie 2011 - Recensmntul Populaiei i al Locuinelor
2.36 Micarea natural a populaiei, n profil teritorial i pe medii, n anul 2012
2.37 Ratele de fertilitate, n profil teritorial i pe grupe de vrst, n anul 2012
2.38 Durata medie a vieii, n profil teritorial, pe sexe i medii, n anul 2012
2.39 Decesele, pe cauze de deces, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
2.40 Vrsta medie a soilor la data ncheierii cstoriei, n profil teritorial
i pe medii, n anul 2012
2.41 Divorurile, dup numrul copiilor minori rmai prin desfacerea cstoriei,
n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
2.42 Migraia intern determinat de schimbarea domiciliului,
n profil teritorial i pe medii, n anul 2012

PIAA FOREI DE MUNC

LABOUR MARKET

SURSA DATELOR

Cercetri statistice:
Cercetarea statistic asupra forei de munc n
gospodrii, pentru datele privind populaia ocupat
i omajul (conform Regulamentului nr. 577/1998 al
Consiliului privind organizarea unei anchete prin
sondaj asupra forei de munc din Comunitate, cu
modificrile ulterioare);
Cercetarea statistic privind costul forei de munc n
unitile economico-sociale, pentru datele referitoare
la numrul salariailor (conform Regulamentului
Consiliului i Parlamentului European nr. 530/1999
privind statisticile structurii ctigurilor salariale i
costului forei de munc);
Cercetarea statistic trimestrial asupra locurilor de
munc vacante, pentru datele referitoare la rata locurilor
de munc vacante (conform Regulamentului Consiliului
i Parlamentului European nr. 453/2008 privind
statisticile referitoare la locurile de munc vacante);
Balana forei de munc, pentru datele privind
populaia ocupat civil pe activiti ale economiei
naionale, pe forme de proprietate i pe judee.
Surse administrative:
Agenia Naional pentru Ocuparea Forei de
Munc, pentru datele privind omajul nregistrat i
numrul persoanelor cuprinse n cursuri de calificare
i recalificare;
Ministerul Muncii, Familiei, Proteciei Sociale i
Persoanelor Vrstnice, pentru datele privind
condiiile de munc.

DATA SOURCE

Statistical surveys:
Household labour force statistical survey, for data
on employment and unemployment (according to
the Regulation no.577/1998 of the Council regarding
the organization of a labour force sample survey in
EC, with later modifications );
Labour cost survey carried out in economic and
social units, for data regarding the number of
employees (according to the Regulation of the
European Parliament and of the Council
no.530/1999 regarding statistics of earnings and
labour cost structures);
Quarterly job vacancy survey, for data related to rate
of vacancies (according to the Regulation of the
European Parliament and of the Council
no.453/2008 regarding statistics of vacancies);
Labour force balance, for data on civil employment
by activity of national economy, by type of ownership
and by county.
Administrative sources:
National Agency for Employment, for data on the
number of registered unemployment and the number
of persons who attend qualification and
requalification courses;
Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Protection and
Elderly Persons, for data on working conditions.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

FORA DE MUNC

LABOUR FORCE

Cercetarea statistic asupra forei de munc n

gospodrii (AMIGO) este conceput ca o surs
important de informaii intercenzitare asupra forei de
munc; ancheta furnizeaz, ntr-o manier coerent, date
eseniale asupra principalelor segmente de populaie (activ
- ocupat i n omaj - inactiv), cu numeroase posibiliti de
corelare i structurare dup caracteristici demo - socio economice diverse, n condiii de comparabilitate
internaional. ncepnd cu anul 1996, ancheta forei de
munc n gospodrii se realizeaz trimestrial, ca o cercetare
continu, permind astfel obinerea de date conjuncturale
asupra mrimii i structurii ofertei de for de munc i
evidenierea fenomenelor cu caracter sezonier care se
manifest pe piaa forei de munc. Din anul 2004, volumul
eantionului pe care se realizeaz ancheta este de 28080
locuine/trimestru. Datele anuale se calculeaz ca medii
aritmetice ale datelor trimestriale.
Indicatorii de for de munc, prezentai n Anuar
pentru perioada 2007-2012, respectiv populaia activ,
populaia ocupat, populaia omer, populaia inactiv,

Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS) is

conceived as an important source of inter-census
information about labour force; the survey provides, in a
coherent way, essential data about main population
segments (economically active - employed and
unemployed - non-economically active), with numerous
possibilities of correlation and structuring by demo-socioeconomical features, under international comparability
conditions. Beginning with 1996, household labour force
survey is quarterly carried out, as a continuous survey,
resulting in short-term data on the labour force size and
structure and pointing out seasonal phenomena taking
place on the labour market. Since 2004, the sample
volume is of 28080 dwellings/quarter. The yearly data are
calculated as quartely data arithmetic means.

The labour force indicators presented in the Yearbook

for the 2007-2012 period, respectively economically active
population, employment, unemployed population,

ratele de activitate, ratele de ocupare i ratele omajului etc.

reprezint estimaiile realizate curent, n funcie de numrul
populaiei disponibil anterior estimrii realizate dup criteriul
reedinei obinuite. Operaiunea de recalculare a
indicatorilor statistici obinui pe baza datelor colectate prin
cercetrile statistice selective n gospodriile populaiei se
va realiza n perioada 2014-2016.
Cercetarea statistic privind costul forei de munc
este o cercetare statistic anual complex care furnizeaz
elementele necesare efecturii unor analize privind evoluia
diferitelor componente ale costului forei de munc i
corelaiile dintre ele, oferind, totodat, elementele necesare
calculului mrimii brute i nete, lunare i orare, a ctigului
salarial structurat pe activiti ale economiei naionale, forme
de proprietate, forme juridice, categorii de salariai, sexe,
regiuni de dezvoltare i judee. Se realizeaz pe un eantion
de circa 24500 de operatori economici i sociali, aparinnd
tuturor claselor de mrime a ntreprinderii, indiferent de
numrul de salariai. Sunt excluse forele armate i
personalul asimilat (Ministerul Aprrii Naionale, Ministerul
Afacerilor Interne, Serviciul Romn de Informaii etc.).
Cercetarea statistic asupra locurilor de munc vacante
este o cercetare statistic selectiv trimestrial, avnd ca perioad
de referin luna de mijloc a trimestrului, furnizeaz elementele
necesare calculrii ratei trimestriale a locurilor de munc vacante.
Cercetarea statistic se realizeaz pe un eantion de circa 22000
de ntreprinderi/uniti locale. Sunt excluse forele armate i
personalul asimilat (Ministerul Aprrii Naionale, Ministerul
Afacerilor Interne, Serviciul Romn de Informaii etc.).
Balana forei de munc este o lucrare care se realizeaz
pe baza informaiilor din mai multe surse de date: statistica
demografic; cercetarea statistic privind costul forei de munc;
cercetarea statistic asupra forei de munc n gospodrii
(AMIGO); surse administrative.
Populaia activ (persoanele active) - din punct de
vedere economic - cuprinde toate persoanele de 15 ani i
peste, care furnizeaz fora de munc disponibil pentru
producia de bunuri i servicii; include populaia ocupat i
omerii.
Populaia ocupat cuprinde, conform metodologiei
Cercetrii statistice asupra forei de munc n gospodrii,
toate persoanele de 15 ani i peste, care au desfurat o
activitate economic productoare de bunuri sau servicii de
1)
cel puin o or n perioada de referin (o sptmn), n
scopul obinerii unor venituri sub form de salarii, plat n
natur sau alte beneficii.
ncepnd din anul 2011, lucrtorii pe cont propriu i lucrtorii
familiali neremunerai care lucreaz n agricultur sunt
considerai persoane ocupate doar dac sunt proprietarii
produciei agricole (nu neaprat i ai pmntului) obinute i
ndeplinesc una dintre urmtoarele condiii:
a) producia agricol este destinat, fie i mcar n
parte, vnzrii sau schimbului n natur (troc);
b) producia agricol este destinat exclusiv
consumului propriu dac aceasta reprezint o parte
2)
substanial a consumului total al gospodriei.
1)
2)

economically inactive population, activity rates, employment

rates and unemployment rates etc. represent current
estimations depending on the population number available
prior to the estimation carried out according to the usual
residence criterion. The statistical indicators obtained based
on data collected through selective statistical household
surveys will be recalculated during the 2014-2016 period.
Labour cost survey is a complex yearly statistical
survey which provides the necessary elements for the
analysis on the evolution of various components of labour
cost and correlations among them, offering, as well, the
necessary elements for the calculation of net and gross size,
monthly and hourly, of the earnings structured by national
economy activity, ownership type, legal form, employees
category, sex, development region and county. It is achieved
on a sample of about 24500 economic and social operators,
from all enterprise size classes, irrespective of employees
number. There are excluded armed forces and similar staff
(Ministry of National Defence, Ministry of Internal Affairs,
Romanian Intelligence Service etc.).
Job vacancy survey is a quarterly statistical
sample survey, having as reference period the quarter
middle month; it provides the necessary elements for
the calculation of vacancies quarterly rate. It is carried
out on a sample of about 22000 enterprises / local
units. There are excluded armed forces and similar staff
(Ministry of National Defence, Ministry of Internal Affairs,
Romanian Intelligence Service etc.)
Labour force balance is a paper drawn up based
on the information from several data sources:
demographic statistics, labour cost survey; household
labour force survey (HLFS); administrative sources.
Economically active population (active persons)
comprises all persons aged 15 years and over, providing
available labour force for the production of goods
and services; it includes employed population and
unemployed.
Employment includes, according to the
methodology of Household labour force survey all
persons aged 15 years and over, who carried out an
economic activity producing goods or services of at least
1)
one hour during the reference period (one week) in
order to get income as salaries, payment in kind or other
benefits.
Since 2011, self employed and contributing family
workers who work in agriculture are considered
employed persons only if they own agricultural
production (not necessarily of land) obtained and fulfill
one of the main conditions:
a) agricultural production is meant at least partly to
sale or change in kind;
b) agricultural production is meant exclusively to own
2)
consumption if it represents a substantial part
of
household total consumption.

Cel puin 15 ore pentru lucrtorii pe cont propriu i lucrtorii familiali neremunerai din agricultur - anterior anului 2011.
At least 15 hours for self employed and agriculture contributing family workers - prior to 2011.
Cel puin 50% din consumul total al gospodriei. / At least 50% of household total consumption.

Sunt excluse din populaia ocupat persoanele care:

desfoar activiti agricole minore3), n scop de
recreere, hobby sau pentru a obine, suplimentar,
produse alimentare fr ca acestea s constituie o
parte important a consumului total al gospodriei;
desfoar activiti agricole (cu o durat de peste
10 ore/sptmn), producia agricol fiind
destinat exclusiv consumului propriu, dar aceasta
nereprezentnd o parte substanial a consumului
total al gospodriei.
n afara persoanelor care au un loc de munc i au lucrat
n cursul sptmnii de referin, indiferent de statutul
profesional, se consider persoane ocupate i cele care
fac parte din urmtoarele categorii:
persoanele care n cursul sptmnii de referin au
desfurat o munc oarecare, pltit sau
aductoare de venit, chiar dac erau n curs de
pregtire colar obligatorie, erau la pensie sau
beneficiau de pensie, erau nscrise la Agenia
Naional pentru Ocuparea Forei de Munc
(ANOFM), primind sau nu indemnizaie de omaj;
ucenicii i stagiarii remunerai, care lucreaz cu
program de lucru complet sau parial;
membrii forelor armate.
Populaia ocupat civil cuprinde, potrivit
metodologiei balanei forei de munc, toate persoanele
care, n anul de referin, au desfurat o activitate
economico-social aductoare de venit, cu excepia
cadrelor militare i a persoanelor asimilate acestora
(personalul din Ministerul Aprrii Naionale, Ministerul
Afacerilor Interne, Serviciul Romn de Informaii), a
salariailor organizaiilor politice, obteti i a deinuilor.
omerii conform definiiei internaionale a Biroului
Internaional al Muncii (BIM), sunt persoanele de
15-74 ani, care n perioada de referin ndeplinesc
simultan urmtoarele condiii:
nu au loc de munc i nu desfoar o activitate n
scopul obinerii unor venituri;
sunt n cutarea unui loc de munc, utiliznd n
ultimele patru sptmni diferite metode active
pentru a-l gsi (nscrierea la agenii de ocupare a
forei de munc sau la agenii particulare de plasare,
aciuni pentru nceperea unei activiti pe cont
propriu, publicarea de anunuri, apel la prieteni, rude,
colegi, sindicate etc.);
sunt disponibile s nceap lucrul n urmtoarele
dou sptmni, dac s-ar gsi imediat un loc de munc.
Rata de activitate reprezint raportul dintre
populaia activ i populaia total n vrst de 15-64 ani,
exprimat procentual.
Rata de ocupare reprezint raportul dintre
populaia ocupat i populaia total n vrst de
15-64 ani, exprimat procentual.
Rata omajului reprezint raportul dintre numrul
omerilor i populaia activ, exprimat procentual.

3)

The following persons are excluded from employment:

they carry out minor agricultural activities3), for
recreation, hobby or to get, supplementary, food
products without being an important part of
household total consumption;
they develop agricultural activities (over 10 hours per
week), being exclusively meant for own
consumption, but not representing a substantial part
of household total consumption.
Besides persons with a job and who worked during the
reference week, no matter of professional status, there
are considered employed persons those who belong to
the following categories:
persons who during the reference week carried out
a certain paid or bringing income work, even if they
had compulsory school training, were retired or
benefited of pension, were registered at National
Employment Agency (NEA) receiving or not
unemployment benefit;

remunerated apprentices and trainees, who work

with full or part time;
members of armed forces.
Civil employment includes, according to the
methodology used for the labour force balance, all
persons who, during the reference year, carried out a
socio-economic lucrative activity, excepting military staff
and similar (Ministry of National Defence, Ministry of
Internal Affairs, Romanian Intelligence Service staff),
political and community organisations employees and
the convicts.
Unemployed according to the international
definition of International Labour Office (ILO) criteria, are
persons aged 15-74 years who, during the reference
period, simultaneously meet the following conditions:
have no job and are not carrying out any activity in
order to get income;
are looking for a job, undertaking certain actions
during the last four weeks (registering at
employment agencies, or private agencies for
placement, attempts for starting an activity on own
account, publishing notices, asking for a job among
friends, relatives, mates, trade unions a.s.o.);
are available to start work within the next two weeks,
if they immediately find a job.
Activity rate represents the ratio between active
population and total population aged 15-64 years
expressed as percentage.
Employment rate represents the ratio between
employed population and total population aged
15-64 years expressed as percentage.
Unemployment rate represents the ratio between
the number of unemployed and active population
expressed as percentage.

A cror durat n sptmna de referin nu depete 10 ore. / Whose duration in the reference week exceeds 10 hours.

Rata omajului de lung durat reprezint ponderea

omerilor aflai n omaj de 12 luni i peste n populaia
activ.
Rata omajului de lung durat pentru tineri
(15-24 ani) reprezint ponderea omerilor tineri aflai n
omaj de 6 luni i peste n populaia activ tnr.
Incidena omajului de lung durat reprezint
ponderea omerilor aflai n omaj de 12 luni i peste n
total omeri.
Incidena omajului de lung durat pentru tineri
(15-24 ani) reprezint ponderea omerilor tineri aflai n
omaj de 6 luni i peste n total omeri tineri.
Statutul profesional reprezint situaia unei persoane
ocupate, n funcie de modul de obinere a veniturilor prin
exercitarea unei activiti i anume:
salariat, persoana care-i exercit activitatea pe baza
unui contract de munc ntr-o unitate economic sau
social - indiferent de forma ei de proprietate - sau la
persoane particulare, n schimbul unei remuneraii sub
form de salariu, pltit n bani sau natur, sub form de
comision etc.;
patron, persoana care-i exercit ocupaia (meseria)
n propria sa unitate (ntreprindere, agenie, atelier,
magazin, birou, ferm etc.), pentru a crei activitate are
angajai unul sau mai muli salariai;
lucrtor pe cont propriu, persoana care-i exercit
activitatea n unitatea proprie sau ntr-o afacere
individual, fr a angaja nici un salariat, fiind ajutat,
sau nu, de membrii familiei, neremunerai;
lucrtor familial neremunerat, persoana care-i
exercit activitatea ntr-o unitate economic familial
condus de un membru al familiei sau o rud, pentru
care nu primete remuneraie sub form de salariu sau
plat n natur; gospodria rneasc (agricol) este
considerat o astfel de unitate;
membru al unei societi agricole sau al unei
cooperative neagricole, persoana care a lucrat fie ca
proprietar de teren agricol ntr-o societate agricol
constituit conform legii, fie ca membru al unei
cooperative meteugreti, de consum sau de credit.
Numrul mediu al salariailor reprezint o medie
aritmetic simpl rezultat din suma efectivelor zilnice ale
salariailor, inclusiv din zilele de repaus sptmnal,
srbtori legale i alte zile nelucrtoare mprit la
numrul total al zilelor calendaristice (365 zile). n efectivul
zilnic al salariailor luat n calculul numrului mediu, nu se
cuprind: salariaii aflai n concedii fr plat, n grev,
detaai la lucru n strintate. n zilele de repaus
sptmnal, srbtori legale i alte zile nelucrtoare se ia
n calcul ca efectiv zilnic numrul salariailor din ziua
precedent, mai puin cei al cror contract/raport a ncetat
n aceast zi. Salariaii care nu au fost angajai cu norm
ntreag s-au inclus n numrul mediu proporional cu
timpul de lucru prevzut n contractul de munc. n efectivul
de salariai luat n calculul numrului mediu se includ numai
persoanele care au fost pltite.

Long term unemployment rate represents the

weight of unemployed for 12 months and over in active
population.
Long term unemployment rate for young people
(aged 15-24 years) represents the weight of young
unemployed for 6 months and over in young active
population.
Incidence of long term unemployment represents
the weight of unemployed for 12 months and over in total
unemployed.
Incidence of long term unemployment for young
people (aged 15-24 years) represents the weight of
young unemployed for six months and over in total young
unemployed.
Status in employment represents the situation of
an employed person, depending on the way of achieving
income from his activity, namely:
employee, a person who carries out his activity
based on an employment contract into an economic
or social unit - no matter of its ownership type - or for
private persons, for a remuneration as salary, in
cash or in kind, as commission a.s.o.;

employer, a person who carries out his occupation

(trade) in his own unit (enterprise, agency,
workshop, shop, office, farm a.s.o.) for whose activity
he has one or several employees;
self-employed, a person who carries out his activity
in his own unit or in an individual business, without
hiring any employee, being helped, or not, by
contributing family workers;
contributing family worker, a person who carries
out his activity into a family economic unit, run by a
member of the family or a relative, for which he gets
no remuneration as salary or payment in kind;
peasant (agricultural) household is considered such
a unit;
member of an agricultural holding or of a
non-agricultural co-operative, a person who
worked either as owner of agricultural land into an
agricultural holding set up according to legal
provisions, or as a member of a craftsmen,
consumption or credit co-operative.
Average number of employees represents a
simple arithmetic mean resulted from the sum of daily
employees number, including from the weekly rest days,
legal holidays and other non-working days divided to the
total calendar days of the year (365 days). In daily
number of employees taken into calculation for average
number, there are not included: employees under
unpaid leave, on strike, detached to work abroad. In
weekends, legal holidays, other days off it is taken into
calculation as daily number the number of employees
from previous day, less that of those whose labour
contract ceased the same day. Employees who were not
employed in full time are included in average number of
employees, proportionally with the working time from the
labour contract. Only persons paid are included in the
number of employees taken into the calculation of
average number.

ncepnd cu anul 2003 din efectivele zilnice luate n

calculul numrului mediu au fost exclui salariaii al
cror contract de munc/raport de serviciu a fost
suspendat, conform Legii nr.53/2003 (republicat)
Codul muncii, art. 49-54, privind Suspendarea
contractului individual de munc i Legii nr.161/2003
(cu completrile i modificrile ulterioare) referitor la
suspendarea raportului de serviciu (exemple: concediu
de maternitate, concediu pentru incapacitate temporar
de munc, exercitarea unei funcii n cadrul unei
autoriti executive, legislative ori judectoreti pe toat
durata mandatului .a.m.d.).
Numrul salariailor la 31 decembrie (efectivul
salariailor) reprezint numrul de salariai angajai cu
contract individual de munc pe durat determinat sau
nedeterminat, n program complet sau parial (inclusiv
cei cu contract de munc/raport de serviciu suspendat)
existeni n evidenele ntreprinderii la sfritul anului. Nu
sunt cuprini salariaii detaai la lucru n strintate i
cei care cumuleaz mai multe funcii i nu au funcia de
baz la unitatea raportoare.
Repartizarea salariailor pe activiti ale economiei
naionale s-a realizat dup activitatea omogen a
ntreprinderii, iar pe judee n funcie de localitatea n
care acetia i desfoar activitatea.
omerii nregistrai reprezint persoanele care
ndeplinesc cumulativ condiiile prevzute de
Legea nr. 76/2002 privind sistemul asigurrilor pentru
omaj i stimularea ocuprii forei de munc i care se
nregistreaz la agenia pentru ocuparea forei de munc
n a crei raz teritorial i au domiciliul sau, dup caz,
reedina, ori alt furnizor de servicii de ocupare, care
funcioneaz n condiiile prevzute de lege, n vederea
obinerii unui loc de munc.
Conform legislaiei n vigoare, calitatea de omer
o are persoana care ndeplinete cumulativ urmtoarele
condiii:
a) este n cutarea unui loc de munc de la vrsta
de minimum 16 ani i pn la ndeplinirea condiiilor de
pensionare;
b) starea de sntate i capacitile fizice i psihice
o fac apt pentru prestarea unei munci;
c) nu are loc de munc, nu realizeaz venituri sau
realizeaz din activiti autorizate potrivit legii, venituri
mai mici dect valoarea indicatorului social de referin
al asigurrilor pentru omaj i stimulrii ocuprii forei de
munc, n vigoare;
Indicatorul social de referin al asigurrilor pentru
omaj i stimulrii ocuprii forei de munc, denumit n
continuare indicator social de referin, reprezint
unitatea exprimat n lei la nivelul creia se raporteaz
prestaiile bneti, suportate din bugetul asigurrilor
pentru omaj, acordate att n vederea asigurrii
proteciei persoanelor n cadrul sistemului asigurrilor
pentru omaj, ct i n vederea stimulrii anumitor
categorii de persoane pentru a se ncadra n munc,
precum i a angajatorilor pentru a ncadra n munc
persoane n cutarea unui loc de munc. Valoarea
indicatorului social pentru anul 2012 este de 500 lei;

Beginning with 2003 out of the daily total number

taken into account when computing the average number
excluded
the
employees
whose
labour
contract/agreement was suspended according to the
Law no. 53/2003 (republished) - Labour Code, art. 49-54,
regarding the Suspension of the individual labour
contract and the Law no. 161/2003 (with subsequent
amendments) regarding suspension of the work
agreement (examples: maternity leave, temporarily
labour disability leave, exercising a function within an
executive, legislative or judiciary authority during
duration of the mandate a.s.o.).
Number of employees on December 31 (number
of employees) represents the number of employees
employed with individual labour contract with definite or
non-definite duration, with full or part-time (including
those with suspended labour contract/agreement)
existent in the enterprise records at the end of the year.
The employees detached abroad and those who hold
more than one position and are not having the main
position at the reporting unit are not included.
The breakdown of employees by activity of the
national economy was carried out according to
homogeneous activity of the enterprise and by county
according to the locality where they work.
Registered unemployed represent persons who
fulfill the cumulative conditions stipulated by the
Law no.76/2002 regarding the system of unemployment
insurance and employment incentives and who register
to the employment agency in the territorial zone they
have domicile or, by case, residence, or to another
provider of employment services, functioning according
to the law, in order to get a job.
According to the legislation in force, unemployed
position is held by person who fulfills the following
cumulative conditions:
a) he/she is looking for a job from 16 years old at
least to pension age;
b) his/her health, his/her physical and psychical
capacities make him able to work;
c) he/she has no job, he/she gets no income or, from
legal activities, he/she gets an income lower than the
value of reference social indicator of unemployment
insurance and stimulation of employment in force;
Social
reference
indicator
of
insurance
unemployment and stimulation of employment, further
called social reference indicator represents the unit
expressed in lei at the level of which there are reported
money provisions, supported from unemployment
insurance budget, granted both to ensure persons
protection within unemployment insurance system and to
stimulate certain categories of persons to get a job, as
well as employers in view to employ persons looking for
a job. The social indicator value for 2012 is lei 500;

d) este disponibil s nceap lucrul n perioada

imediat urmtoare dac s-ar gsi un loc de munc.
Asimilai omerilor sunt persoanele n cutarea unui
loc de munc i care nu au putut ocupa loc de munc dup
absolvirea unei instituii de nvmnt i care ndeplinesc
urmtoarele condiii:
sunt absolveni ai instituiilor de nvmnt, n vrst
de minimum 16 ani, care ntr-o perioad de 60 de zile
de la absolvire nu au reuit s se ncadreze n munc
potrivit pregtirii profesionale;
sunt absolveni ai colilor speciale pentru persoanele
cu handicap n vrst de minim 16 ani care nu au reuit
s se ncadreze n munc potrivit pregtirii
profesionale.
Rata omajului nregistrat reprezint raportul dintre
numrul omerilor (nregistrai la ageniile pentru ocuparea
forei de munc) i populaia activ civil (omeri +
populaie ocupat civil, definit conform metodologiei
balanei forei de munc).
Locuri de munc vacante

d) he/she is available to start work in the next period

if he/she finds a job.
Unemployed assimilated are persons looking for a
job who could not occupy a job after graduation of
education institution fulfilling the following conditions:

Rata locurilor de munc vacante reprezint raportul

dintre numrul locurilor de munc vacante i numrul total
al locurilor de munc (ocupate i vacante, exclusiv cele
blocate sau destinate numai promovrii n interiorul
ntreprinderii sau instituiei), exprimat procentual.

Vacancies rate represents the ratio between the

numbers of vacancies and total number of jobs
(occupied and vacant, excluding the blocked ones or
meant for promotion inside the enterprise or
institution), expressed as percentage.

Datele medii anuale privind numrul locurilor de munc

vacante i numrul total de locuri de munc se calculeaz
ca medii aritmetice simple ale datelor trimestriale
corespunztoare fiecruia dintre cei doi indicatori.

Yearly average data on the number of vacancies and

total number of jobs are calculated as simple arithmetic
means of quarterly data corresponding to each of the
two indicators.

Numrul locurilor de munc vacante include

numrul posturilor pltite, nou create, neocupate, sau care
vor deveni vacante, pentru care:
angajatorul ntreprinde aciuni concrete spre a gsi un
candidat potrivit pentru ocuparea postului respectiv
(exemple de aciuni concrete ntreprise de angajator:
anunarea existenei locului vacant prin serviciile de
ocupare a forei de munc, publicitate prin ziare,
media, Internet, contactare direct a posibililor
candidai etc.);
angajatorul dorete ocuparea imediat sau ntr-o
perioad specific de timp, stabilit de angajator.
Perioada specific de timp se refer la perioada
maxim necesar ocuprii locului de munc vacant.
Sunt considerate locuri de munc vacante posturile
destinate persoanelor din afara ntreprinderii (dar pe care
pot concura i persoane din interiorul ntreprinderii),
indiferent dac sunt posturi pe durat determinat sau
nedeterminat, n program de lucru normal sau parial.

Number of vacancies includes the number of paid,

newly created jobs, unoccupied or becoming vacancies,
for which:
employer takes concrete actions to find an adequate
candidate for that job (examples of concrete actions
taken by employer: announce of vacancy existence
through employment services, advertising in the
newspapers, mass media, internet, direct contact
with possible candidates etc);

Nu se consider vacante, posturile neocupate:

destinate exclusiv promovrii persoanelor din interiorul

ntreprinderii sau instituiei;
din unitile administraiei publice, blocate printr-un act
normativ.

graduates of an education institution, aged minimum

16 years, who during 60 days period since
graduation did not succeed to be employed
according to vocational training;
graduates of special schools for disabled persons
aged minimum 16 years, who did not succeed to be
employed according to their vocational training.

Registered unemployment rate represents the ratio

between the number of unemployed (registered at the
agencies for employment) and civil economically active
population (unemployed + civil employment, defined
according to the methodology of labour force balance).
Job vacancies

employer whishes to occupy at once or in specific

period of time, set by employer. Specific time period
refers to the needed maximum period of vacant job
occupation.
There are considered vacancies those jobs for
persons outside the enterprise (for which can also
compete those from inside the enterprise) no matter if
they are jobs for definite or indefinite period, full time or
part time.
There are not considered vacancies the
unoccupied jobs:
exclusively meant to promote persons from inside
the enterprise;
from units of public, local administration blocked by
normative documents.

Posturile ocupate de persoanele care absenteaz o

anumit perioad de timp (concedii de maternitate,
pentru ngrijirea copilului, concedii medicale, concedii
fr plat, alte absene), se consider vacante, dac
angajatorul dorete substituirea pe perioad determinat
(temporar) i dac ntreprinde aciuni de gsire a
candidailor.
Numrul total al locurilor de munc (ocupate i
vacante) include efectivul salariailor la sfritul lunii
(exclusiv cei cu contract de munc/raport de serviciu
suspendat) i numrul locurilor de munc vacante.

Jobs occupied by persons who are absent a certain

period of time (maternity leaves, child care, sick leaves,
unpaid ones, others) are considered vacancies if the
employer wishes substitution during definite or
temporary period and if he looks for candidates.

CONDIII DE MUNC

WORKING CONDITIONS

Accident de munc reprezint vtmarea violent

a organismului, precum i intoxicaia acut profesional,
care s-au produs n timpul procesului de munc sau n
ndeplinirea ndatoririlor de serviciu, i care provoac
incapacitatea temporar de munc de cel puin trei zile
calendaristice, invaliditate sau deces.
n raport cu urmrile produse i cu numrul
persoanelor accidentate, accidentul de munc se
clasific n:
accident care produce incapacitate temporar de
munc de cel puin 3 zile calendaristice;
accident care produce invaliditate;
accident mortal;
accident colectiv, respectiv cel n care sunt
accidentate n acelai timp i din aceeai cauz cel
puin trei persoane.
Rata accidentelor de munc reprezint frecvena
de accidentare sau numrul accidentailor ce revin la
1000 salariai.
Conflictele de interese se refer la ntreruperile
temporare ale lucrului declanate, n general, n scopuri
revendicative sau pentru normalizarea raporturilor de
munc dintre unitate, pe de o parte, i salariaii acesteia,
pe de alt parte conform Legii nr.168/1999 privind
soluionarea conflictelor de munc.
Greva constituie o ncetare colectiv i voluntar a
lucrului ntr-o unitate, conform Legii nr. 168/1999.

Accident at work represents the violent body injury

as well as the acute professional intoxication, taking
place during labour process or when accomplishing
duties at work, and which causes the temporary
incapacity of work for at least three calendar days,
invalidity or death.
According to consequences and to the number of
persons injured, accidents at work are classified as
follows:
accident causing temporary incapacity of work for at
least 3 calendar days;
accident causing invalidity;
fatal accident at work;
collective accident, when at least 3 persons are
injured at the same time and due to the same
cause.
Rate of accidents at work represents accidents
frequency or number of injured persons per
1000 employees.
Conflicts of interest refer to work temporary
interruptions, generally for claiming purposes or in view
to normalize the labour relationships between the unit,
on the one side, and its employees, on the other side
according to the Law no.168/1999.

Conform CAEN Rev.2

Industria include activitile de: industrie extractiv,
industrie prelucrtoare, producia i furnizarea de
energie electric i termic, gaze, ap cald i aer
condiionat, distribuia apei, salubritate, gestionarea
deeurilor, activiti de decontaminare.
Serviciile comerciale includ activitile de: comer,
transport i depozitare, hoteluri i restaurante, informaii
i comunicaii, intermedieri financiare i asigurri,
tranzacii imobiliare, activiti profesionale, tiinifice i
tehnice, activiti de servicii administrative i activiti de
servicii suport.
Serviciile sociale includ activitile de: administraie
public i aprare, asigurri sociale din sistemul public,
nvmnt, sntate i asisten social, activiti de
spectacole culturale i recreeative i celelalte activiti
ale economiei naionale.

Total number of jobs (occupied and vacant)

includes the number of employees at the end of the
month (except those with suspended labour contract /
agreement) and number of vacant jobs.

Strike represents a collective and voluntary

ceasing of work within a unit, according to the
Law no. 168/1999.
According to CANE Rev.2
Industry includes: mining and quarrying,
manufacturing, electricity, gas, steam and air
conditioning production and supply, water supply,
sewerage, waste management and decontamination
activities.
Trade services include: trade, transport and
storage, hotels and restaurants, information and
communication, financial intermediation and insurance,
real estate activities, professional, scientific and
technical activities, activities of administrative services
and of support services.
Social services include: public administration and
defence, social insurance of public sector, education,
health and social assistance, shows, culture and
recreation activities, other activities of national economy.

3.G1

Populaia ocupat civil, pe principalele activiti ale economiei naionale

Civil employment, by main activities of national economy
CAEN Rev. 2 / CANE Rev. 2
2012

2011

29,2%

42,5%

7,3%

29,3%

43,0%

21,0%

7,1%

20,6%

Agricultur, silvicultur i pescuit

Agriculture, forestry and fishing

Construcii
Construction

Industrie1)
Industry1)

Servicii
Services

1) Inclusiv producia i furnizarea de energie electric i termic, gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat i distribuia apei; salubritate,

gestionarea deeurilor, activiti de decontaminare.

Including electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply and water supply; sewerage, waste management and
decontamination activities.

1)

3.G2

Structura populaiei ocupate , dup statutul profesional, pe sexe i medii,

n anul 2012
1)
Employment structure, by status in employment, by sex and area, in 2012
%

100

7,0

90

12,6

80

18,9

70

24,3

1,2

1,6

60

19,5

0,9
6,0
1,7

12,3
0,8
34,6

50
40
30
20

26,8

0,6
67,3

67,1

67,4

91,4

38,0

Total

Masculin
Male

Feminin
Female

Urban

Rural

10
0

Salariat
Employee

Lucrtor pe cont propriu i membru al unei societi agricole

sau al unei cooperative
Self employed and member of an agricultural holding or
of a co-operative

Patron
Employer

Lucrtor familial neremunerat

Contributing family worker

1) Date estimate la momentul realizrii cercetrii statistice, n funcie de numrul populaiei disponibil anterior estimrii realizate dup

criteriul reedinei obinuite; recalcularea indicatorilor de for de munc se va realiza n perioada 2014-2016.
The data estimated at the time of carrying out the statistical survey depending on the population number available prior to the estimation
carried out according to the usual residence criterion; the labour force indicators will be recalculated during the 2014-2016 period.
Sursa: Cercetarea statistic asupra forei de munc n gospodrii (AMIGO) - 2012. / Source: Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS) - 2012.

3.G3

1)

Structura populaiei ocupate n activiti neagricole, pe sexe, n anul 2012

1)
Employment structure in non-agricultural activities, by sex, in 2012
CAEN Rev.2 / CANE Rev.2

Total

22,3%

37,4%

29,7%

10,6%
Feminin / Female

Masculin / Male

15,4%

31,7%

31,1%

27,2%

2,0%

35,6%

17,3%

39,7%

Industrie
Industry

Servicii comerciale
Trade services

Construcii
Construction

Servicii sociale
Social services

Not: Industria include activitile de: industrie extractiv, industrie prelucrtoare, producia i furnizarea de energie electric i termic, gaze,
ap cald i aer condiionat, distribuia apei, salubritate, gestionarea deeurilor, activiti de decontaminare.
Serviciile comerciale includ activitile de: comer, transport i depozitare, hoteluri i restaurante, informaii i comunicaii, intermedieri
financiare i asigurri, tranzacii imobiliare, activiti profesionale, tiinifice i tehnice, activiti de servicii administrative i activiti de servicii
suport.
Serviciile sociale includ activitile de: administraie public i aprare, asigurri sociale din sistemul public, nvmnt, sntate i
asisten social, activiti de spectacole culturale i recreeative i celelalte activiti ale economiei naionale.
Note: Industry includes: mining and quarrying, manufacturing, electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply, water supply,
sewerage, waste management and decontamination activities.
Trade services include: trade, transport and storage, hotels and restaurants, information and communication, financial intermediation and
insurance, real estate activities, professional, scientific and technical activities, activities of administrative services and of support services.
Social services include: public administration and defence, social insurance of public sector, education, health and social assistance, shows,
culture and recreation activities, other activities of national economy.
1) Date estimate la momentul realizrii cercetrii statistice, n funcie de numrul populaiei disponibil anterior estimrii realizate dup
criteriul reedinei obinuite; recalcularea indicatorilor de for de munc se va realiza n perioada 2014-2016.
The data estimated at the time of carrying out the statistical survey depending on the population number available prior to the estimation
carried out according to the usual residence criterion; the labour force indicators will be recalculated during the 2014-2016 period.
Sursa: Cercetarea statistic asupra forei de munc n gospodrii (AMIGO) - 2012.
Source: Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS) - 2012.

3.G4

Evoluia numrului mediu al salariailor

Evolution of average number of employees

mii persoane / thou persons

5500
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

5046

4885

3339

3148

2007

4774

2008

4376
3085

2010

3017

2880

2793

2009

4443

4349

2011

2012

Numrul mediu al salariailor - total

Average number of employees - total
Numrul mediu al salariailor din sectorul integral privat1)
Average number of employees from integral private sector1)
1) Include: proprietate integral privat, proprietate integral strin.

Including: private integral ownership, foreign integral ownership.

3.G5

Numrul omerilor nregistrai i rata omajului nregistrat

Number of registered unemployed and unemployment rate

mii persoane / thou persons

7,8

800

7,1

600

368

403
167

2007

709
187

2008

4,9

4,9

4,4

3,9

5,4

5,2

6,3

4,4

4,0

400

200

7,0

627
302

2009

461
264

2010

2011

494
204

211
2012

Numrul omerilor nregistrai - total

Number of registered unemployed - total

Rata omajului - total

Unemployment rate - total

Numrul omerilor nregistrai - femei

Number of registered unemployed - women

Rata omajului - femei

Unemployment rate - women

3.G6

1)

Rata omajului 2), pe grupe de vrst, sexe i medii, n anul 2012

Unemployment 2) rate1), by age group, sex and area, in 2012

23,2

25
22,3

20
15

9,1

10

7,2

5
0

15-24

25-34

5,6

4,8

5,2

4,5

35-44

45-54

3,7
1,2
55 ani i peste
years and over

ani / years

Feminin
Female

Masculin
Male

%
35

31,8

30
25
20
15
10

15,9

5
0

9,4

6,3
15-24

25-34

Urban

6,2

5,5

4,3

3,3
45-54

35-44

5,2
1,1
55 ani i peste
years and over

ani / years

Rural

1) Date estimate la momentul realizrii cercetrii statistice, n funcie de numrul populaiei disponibil anterior estimrii realizate dup
criteriul reedinei obinuite; recalcularea indicatorilor de for de munc se va realiza n perioada 2014-2016.
The data estimated at the time of carrying out the statistical survey depending on the population number available prior to the estimation
carried out according to the usual residence criterion; the labour force indicators will be recalculated during the 2014-2016 period.
2) Conform definiiei internaionale (BIM= Biroul Internaional al Muncii).
According to the international definition (ILO= International Labour Office).
Sursa: Cercetarea statistic asupra forei de munc n gospodrii (AMIGO) - 2012.
Source: Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS) - 2012.

PIAA FOREI DE MUNC

FORA DE MUNC
3.1 Populaia dup participarea la activitatea economic, pe sexe i medii
3.2 Ratele de activitate, ocupare i omaj, dup nivelul de educaie, pe sexe i medii
3.3 Structura populaiei ocupate, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i
pe grupe de vrst, n anul 2012
3.4 Structura populaiei ocupate, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i
dup statutul profesional, n anul 2012
3.5 Structura populaiei, dup participarea la activitatea economic,
pe grupe de vrst, sexe i medii, n anul 2012
3.6 Structura populaiei ocupate, dup nivelul de educaie, pe grupe de vrst,
sexe i medii, n anul 2012
3.7 Structura populaiei ocupate, pe grupe de ocupaii, grupe de vrst,
sexe i medii, n anul 2012
3.8 Structura populaiei ocupate, dup statutul profesional, pe grupe de vrst,
sexe i medii, n anul 2012
3.9 Populaia ocupat civil, pe activiti ale economiei naionale (la sfritul anului)
3.10 Populaia ocupat civil, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i
pe forme de proprietate, n anul 2012 (la sfritul anului)
3.11 Numrul mediu al salariailor, pe activiti ale economiei naionale
3.12 Numrul mediu al salariailor, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe sexe
3.13 Numrul mediu al salariailor, pe activiti ale economiei naionale,
pe sexe i pe forme de proprietate
3.14 Numrul mediu al salariailor, pe forme de proprietate, clase de mrime
ale ntreprinderilor i pe sexe
3.15 Numrul mediu al salariailor, pe activiti ale industriei
3.16 Numrul mediu al salariailor, pe activiti ale industriei i pe sexe
3.17 Numrul mediu al salariailor, pe activiti ale industriei, pe sexe i
pe forme de proprietate
3.18 Salariaii, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe sexe, la 31 decembrie 2012
3.19 Salariaii, pe activiti ale industriei i pe sexe, la 31 decembrie 2012
3.20 omerii nregistrai i rata omajului (la sfritul anului)
3.21 Persoanele cuprinse n cursuri de formare profesional
3.22 omerii nregistrai, dup nivelul de educaie i pe grupe de vrst,
la 31 decembrie 2012
3.23 omerii nregistrai, beneficiari de indemnizaii de omaj, pe grupe de vrst i
dup durata omajului, la 31 decembrie 2012
3.24 omajul de lung durat, pe sexe i medii
CONDIII DE MUNC
3.25 Numrul accidentailor n munc, pe activiti ale economiei naionale,
n anul 2012
3.26 Revendicrile care au declanat conflicte de interese
3.27 Conflictele de interese i frecvena lor lunar
3.28 Greve declanate, cu respectarea procedurii prevzute n Legea nr. 168 / 1999
3.29 Conflictele de interese, pe activiti ale economiei naionale
3.30 Numrul locurilor de munc vacante, pe activiti ale economiei naionale
3.31 Rata locurilor de munc vacante, pe activiti ale economiei naionale
3.32 Numrul locurilor de munc vacante, pe grupe majore de ocupaii
3.33 Rata locurilor de munc vacante, pe grupe majore de ocupaii
TERITORIAL
3.34 Populaia dup participarea la activitatea economic, n profil teritorial,
pe sexe i medii
3.35 Ratele de activitate, ocupare i omaj, n profil teritorial, dup nivelul de educaie,
pe sexe i medii, n anul 2012
3.36 Structura populaiei, dup participarea la activitatea economic, n profil teritorial,
pe grupe de vrst, sexe i medii, n anul 2012
3.37 Structura populaiei ocupate, n profil teritorial, dup nivelul de educaie,
pe grupe de vrst, sexe i medii, n anul 2012
3.38 Structura populaiei ocupate, n profil teritorial, dup statutul profesional,
pe grupe de vrst, sexe i medii, n anul 2012
3.39 Structura populaiei ocupate, n profil teritorial, pe activiti ale economiei
naionale i pe grupe de vrst, n anul 2012
3.40 Populaia ocupat civil, n profil teritorial i pe activiti ale economiei naionale,
n anul 2012 (la sfritul anului)
3.41 Numrul mediu al salariailor, n profil teritorial
3.42 Numrul mediu al salariailor, n profil teritorial i pe sexe
3.43 Numrul mediu al salariailor, n profil teritorial i pe activiti ale
economiei naionale, n anul 2012
3.44 omerii nregistrai i rata omajului, n profil teritorial, la 31 decembrie 2012
3.45 omerii nregistrai, n profil teritorial, pe categorii de personal i
nivel de educaie, la 31 decembrie 2012
3.46 omajul de lung durat, n profil teritorial, pe sexe i medii
3.47 Numrul locurilor de munc vacante, pe activiti ale economiei naionale,
n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
3.48 Rata locurilor de munc vacante, pe activiti ale economiei naionale,
n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
3.49 Numrul locurilor de munc vacante, pe grupe majore de ocupaii,
n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
3.50 Rata locurilor de munc vacante, pe grupe majore de ocupaii,
n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
3.51 Numrul accidentailor n munc, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
3.52 Conflictele de interese, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012

VENITURILE,
CHELTUIELILE
I CONSUMUL POPULAIEI
POPULATION INCOME,
EXPENDITURE
AND CONSUMPTION

SURSA DATELOR

DATA SOURCE

Cercetri statistice:

 Cercetarea statistic a bugetelor de familie;

 Cercetarea statistic privind costul forei de munc,









n unitile economico-sociale (conform

Regulamentului Consiliului i Parlamentului
European nr. 530/1999 privind statisticile structurii
ctigurilor salariale i costului forei de munc);
Cercetarea statistic lunar asupra ctigurilor
salariale, n unitile economico-sociale (conform
Regulamentului Consiliului i Parlamentului
European nr. 1165/1998 i nr. 1158/2005 privind
statisticile pe termen scurt);
Cercetarea statistic a salariilor, n luna octombrie,
n unitile economico-sociale;
Cercetarea statistic PRODROM A - Produse i
servicii industriale;
Cercetarea statistic privind producia vegetal la
principalele culturi;
Cercetarea statistic privind efectivele de animale
i producia animal;
Cercetarea statistic privind datele de comer
internaional;
Balanele produselor agricole la productor;
Legislaia n vigoare la 1 iulie a anului pentru
care se calculeaz indicatorul.

Statistical surveys:

 Family budgets survey;

 Labour cost survey, in socio- economic units

 Survey on salaries, in October, in

socio-economic units;

 Statistical survey PRODROM A - Industrial

products and services;

 Statistical survey on crop production for main

crops;

 Statistical survey on livestock and animal

production;

 Statistical survey on international trade data;

 Balances of producer agricultural products;
 The national legislation in force on July 1st of the
year for which the structural indicator is computed.

Surse administrative:

 Direcia Poliiei Rutiere din cadrul Inspectoratului





General al Poliiei Romne, pentru datele privind

autovehiculele nscrise n circulaie;
Statistica vamal;
Evidenele societilor de telefonie;
Compania Naional Pota Romn.

(according to Regulation (EC) no. 530/1999 of the

European Parliament and of the Council
concerning structural statistics on earnings and on
labour costs);
Monthly survey on earnings, in socio-economic
units (according to Regulation (EC) no.1165/1998
and no. 1158/2005 of the European Parliament and
of the Council concerning short-term statistics);

Administrative sources:

 Road Police Directorate within General





Inspectorate of Romanian Police, for data regarding

registered motor vehicles;
Customs statistics;
Phone companies records;
National Company Romanian Post.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

VENITURILE POPULAIEI

POPULATION INCOME

Cercetarea statistic a bugetelor de familie

permite colectarea informaiilor privind componena
gospodriilor, veniturile, cheltuielile i consumul acestora
i alte aspecte ale nivelului de trai al populaiei. Ancheta
este organizat ca o cercetare trimestrial continu pe o
perioad de 3 luni consecutive, pe un eantion de 9360
locuine permanente, repartizate n subeantioane lunare
independente de cte 3120 locuine permanente.
Cercetarea s-a desfurat n 780 centre de cercetare
repartizate n toate judeele rii i n sectoarele
municipiului Bucureti (427 n mediul urban i 353 n
mediul rural).

Family budgets survey allows to collect information

on households composition, income, expenditure and
consumption and other aspects of population living
standard. The survey is organized as a quarterly
continuous survey for a period of 3 successive months,
on a sample of 9360 permanent dwellings, distributed in
monthly independent sub-samples of 3120 permanent
dwellings.
The survey has been carried out in 780 survey
centers distributed in all counties of the country and in
Bucharest Municipality sectors (427 in urban area and
353 in rural area).

Includerea unei gospodrii ntr-o anumit categorie

socio-economic s-a realizat pe baza statutului
ocupaional principal al capului gospodriei. n categoria
Agricultori s-au inclus gospodriile de lucrtori pe cont
propriu n agricultur i membrii asociaiilor agricole.
n cadrul gospodriilor de Pensionari s-au inclus i
pensionarii agricoli.
Rezultatele obinute sunt extrapolate pe baza
structurii populaiei provizorii neinfluenate de migraia
extern.
Gruparea gospodriilor pe decile de venit s-a
efectuat pe baza venitului total pe o persoan, deflatat cu
indicele preurilor de consum al populaiei cu baz
ianuarie 2012. Decilele mpart seria gospodriilor
ordonate cresctor dup nivelul venitului mediu lunar pe
o persoan n 10 pri egale (grupe decilice).
Cercetarea statistic privind costul forei de
munc: caracteristicile cercetrii sunt prezentate n
capitolul nr. 3 - Piaa forei de munc.
Cercetarea statistic lunar asupra ctigurilor
salariale asigur producerea informaiilor necesare pentru
evaluarea tendinelor pe termen scurt ale ctigurilor
salariale medii i ale numrului de salariai la nivel de
activiti ale economiei naionale. Cercetarea se realizeaz
cu periodicitate lunar, fiind cercetate circa 22000
ntreprinderi i uniti locale. Unitile din sectorul bugetar
sunt cuprinse exhaustiv n cercetare, excepie fcnd
unitile administraiei publice locale pentru care datele
la nivelul consiliilor locale comunale se culeg pe baz de
eantion reprezentativ la nivel de jude (cca. 770 de
uniti). Pentru sectorul economic, au fost incluse n
cercetare unitile cu 4 salariai i peste, care reprezint
90,59% din numrul total al salariailor din acest sector.
Sunt excluse forele armate i personalul asimilat
(Ministerul Aprrii Naionale, Ministerul Afacerilor
Interne, Serviciul Romn de Informaii etc.). Rezultatele
acestei cercetri sunt utilizate pentru calculul indicilor
trimestriali ai costului orar al forei de munc.
Cercetarea statistic asupra salariilor n luna
octombrie este o cercetare statistic anual care are ca
obiectiv asigurarea informaiilor privind numrul de
salariai pe grupe de salarii de baz i realizate, pe
grupe majore de ocupaii, salariul mediu brut de baz i
realizat, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe sexe,
n luna octombrie. Se realizeaz pe un eantion de circa
22000 de operatori economici i sociali. Sunt excluse
forele armate i personalul asimilat (Ministerul Aprrii
Naionale, Ministerul Afacerilor Interne, Serviciul Romn
de Informaii etc.).
Structura veniturilor pe surse de provenien
este determinat de caracterul eterogen al gospodriilor,
n funcie de statutul ocupaional al membrilor acestora.
n anul 2012, componena gospodriilor pe
categorii de gospodrii, dup statutul ocupaional al
membrilor gospodriei se prezint ca n tabelul
urmtor::

A household was included in a certain socioeconomic category based on the main occupational
status of the household reference person. The category
Farmers includes households of self-employed in
agriculture and members of agricultural associations.
The households of Pensioners also include agricultural
pensioners.
The results obtained are extrapolated based on the
structure of provisional population not being influenced
by external migration.
Households were grouped by income deciles
based on total income per person, deflated by population
consumer price index with January 2012 as base. The
deciles divide the household series structured ascending
according to the level of monthly average income per
person into 10 equal parts (decile groups).
Labour cost survey: the characteristics of the
survey are presented in chapter no. 3 - Labour market.
Monthly survey on earnings ensures the
necessary information for evaluating the average
earnings short-term trends and number of
employees at level of activities of the national
economy. The survey is monthly carried out by
observing approximately 22000 enterprises and local
units. The units of the budgetary sector are
exhaustively surveyed, excepting the local public
administration units for which the data at communal
local councils level are collected based on a sample,
representative at county level (about 770 units).
As for the economic sector, the units with 4 employees and
over have been included in the survey, these accounting
for 90,59% of total number of employees in this sector. The
military staff, as well as the assimilated staff (Ministry of
National Defence, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Romanian
Intelligence Service etc.) is excluded. The results of this
survey are used when computing the quarterly indices of
hourly labour cost.
The survey on salaries in October is a yearly
statistical survey having as objective to ensure the
information about the number of employees by basic and
obtained salary group, by major occupation group, basic
and obtained average gross salary, by activity of national
economy and by sex, in October. It is carried out on a
sample of approximately 22000 economic and social
operators.The military staff, as well as the assimilated staff
(Ministry of National Defence, Ministry of Internal Affairs,
Romanian Intelligence Service etc.) is excluded.
Income structure by origin source is determined
by the heterogeneous character of households,
depending on the occupational status of their members.
In 2012, the composition of households by
household category, by occupational status of
household members is presented as follows:

numr mediu de persoane / gospodrie / average number of persons / household

Statutul ocupaional
al membrilor
gospodriei
Total persoane
Persoane
active
Salariai
Patroni i lucrtori
pe cont propriu n
activiti neagricole1)
Agricultori
omeri
Alte persoane
Persoane
inactive
Pensionari
Elevi i studeni
Casnice
Alte persoane
1)

Total
gospodrii din care, gospodrii de: / of which, households of:
Total
Salariai Agricultori
omeri Pensionari
households Employees
Farmers Unemployed Pensioners
2,874

3,066

3,477

3,377

2,463

1,291
0,826

1,879
1,675

1,721
0,156

1,946
0,564

0,578
0,311

0,103
0,219
0,143
-

0,032
0,060
0,112
-

0,087
1,426
0,052
-

0,069
0,061
1,252
-

0,050
0,124
0,093
-

1,583
0,660
0,457
0,173
0,293

1,187
0,118
0,603
0,187
0,279

1,756
0,097
0,742
0,184
0,733

1,431
0,139
0,678
0,233
0,381

1,885
1,406
0,193
0,119
0,167

Occupational status
of household
members
Total persons
Economically
active persons
Employees
Employers and
self-employed in
non-agricultural activities1)
Farmers
Unemployed
Other persons
Non-economically
active persons
Pensioners
Pupils and students
Housewives
Other persons

Inclusiv membrii cooperativelor neagricole. / Including members of non-agricultural holdings.

Veniturile totale cuprind:

veniturile bneti pe surse de provenien (salarii,
venituri din activiti pe cont propriu, vnzri,
ajutoare de omaj, pensii, alocaii pentru copii, burse
i alte prestaii de protecie social, venituri din
proprieti etc.);
contravaloarea prestaiilor (mrfuri i servicii)
gratuite sau cu reducere de pre, evaluat la preul
de vnzare al unitii ofertante;
contravaloarea
consumului
de
produse
alimentare i nealimentare din resurse proprii
(producie, stoc etc.), determinat pe baza preurilor
medii lunare ale produselor respective.
Ctigul salarial nominal brut cuprinde:
salariile, respectiv drepturile n bani i n natur
cuvenite salariailor pentru munca efectiv prestat
(inclusiv pentru timpul lucrat suplimentar), potrivit
formei de salarizare aplicat, sporurile i
indemnizaiile acordate ca procentaj din salariu sau
n sume fixe, alte adaosuri la salarii potrivit legii,
sumele pltite pentru timpul nelucrat (indemnizaiile
pentru concediile de odihn i de studii, zile de
srbtoare i alte zile libere, sumele pltite din
fondul de salarii pentru concediile medicale),
premiile, primele de vacan i alte sume pltite din
fondul de salarii potrivit prevederilor legislaiei n
vigoare sau contractelor colective de munc;
sumele pltite din profitul net i din alte fonduri
(inclusiv contravaloarea tichetelor de mas).
Ctigul salarial nominal net se calculeaz
scznd din sumele brute aferente ctigului salarial
nominal brut urmtoarele elemente:
impozitul aferent;
contribuia salariailor la bugetul asigurrilor pentru
omaj;
contribuia individual de asigurri sociale de stat;
contribuia salariailor pentru asigurrile sociale de
sntate.

Total income include:

money income by origin sources (salaries, income
from own account activities, sales, unemployment
benefits, pensions, children allowances, scholarships
and other allowances of social protection, income
from properties a.s.o.);
equivalent value of free or lower cost provisions
(sales and services), estimated at selling price of
offerer;
equivalent value of consumption of food and
non-food products from own resources
(production, stock a.s.o.), determined based on
monthly average prices of respective products.
The gross nominal earnings includes:
salaries, in cash and in kind for employees actually
done work (including for supplementary worked
time), according to the salary type applied, bonuses
and allowances granted as salary percentage or as
fixed amounts, other bonuses according to the law,
amounts paid for unworked time (allowances for
holiday and study leaves, holidays and other free
days, amounts paid from salary funds for medical
leaves), premiums, holiday bonuses and other
amounts paid from salary funds according to the
legislation provisions in force or to employment
collective contracts;
amounts paid from net profit and other funds
(including equivalent value of lunch tickets).
The net nominal earnings is calculated by
subtracting from gross amounts related to gross nominal
earnings the following elements:
afferent tax;
employees contribution to unemployment insurance
budget;
individual contribution to state social insurance;
employees contribution to health insurance.

Indicele ctigului salarial real se calculeaz ca

raport ntre indicele ctigului salarial nominal mediu net
i indicele general al preurilor de consum al populaiei,
exprimat procentual.
Costul forei de munc reprezint totalitatea
cheltuielilor suportate de angajator pentru fora de
munc i anume:
sume brute pltite direct salariailor (cheltuieli
directe): salarii, sume pltite pentru timpul nelucrat,
premii i alte stimulente, drepturi n natur pltite din
fondul de salarii sau din alte fonduri, sume pentru
protecia social din fondul de salarii i din
contribuia de asigurri sociale;
alte cheltuieli ale unitii cu fora de munc
(cheltuieli indirecte) pentru formarea profesional,
contribuii pentru ajutorul de omaj i asigurri
sociale, servicii pentru protecie social, alte
cheltuieli.
Costul mediu lunar al forei de munc pe un
salariat s-a calculat prin raportarea cheltuielilor unitii
pentru fora de munc la numrul mediu al salariailor i
numrul de luni ale anului.
Costul mediu orar al forei de munc s-a calculat
prin raportarea cheltuielilor unitii pentru fora de munc
la numrul de ore-om pltite.
Indicele trimestrial al costului forei de munc
este un indicator pe termen scurt care permite evaluarea
tendinelor costurilor orare suportate de angajator cu
fora de munc salariat. Metodologia utilizat i seriile
de date sunt construite n conformitate cu prevederile
Regulamentului Consiliului i Parlamentului European
nr. 450/2003 privind indicii costului forei de munc.
Indicii trimestriali ai costului forei de munc se
calculeaz ca indici de tip Laspeyres, pentru costul total
cu fora de munc i cele dou componente ale acestuia:
cheltuieli directe (salariale) i cheltuieli indirecte
(non-salariale), cu anul de referin 2008 pentru
activitile economice definite conform CAEN Rev.2.
Indicii trimestriali ai costului forei de munc sunt
calculai ca indici provizorii pentru anul (N), urmnd a fi
recalculai ca definitivi n anul (N+1), cnd devin
disponibile datele (date definitive) din ancheta anual
asupra costului forei de munc.
Sursa datelor: Calculul indicilor trimestriali ai
costului orar al forei de munc se realizeaz pe baza
informaiilor obinute din dou surse de date statistice:
Cercetarea statistic lunar asupra ctigurilor
salariale (conform Regulamentului Consiliului i
Parlamentului European nr. 1165/1998 i nr.1158/2005
privind statisticile pe termen scurt);
Cercetarea statistic anual asupra costului forei de
munc (conform Regulamentului Consiliului i
Parlamentului European nr. 530/1999 privind
statisticile structurii ctigurilor salariale i costului
forei de munc).
Datele pentru perioada 2000-2008 au fost estimate
conform noii Clasificri a Activitilor din Economia
Naional (CAEN Rev.2), armonizat cu clasificarea

The real earnings index is calculated as a ratio

between the average net nominal earnings index and the
population general consumer price index, expressed as
percentage.
The labour cost represents all the expenditure
supported by the employer for the labour force, namely:
gross amounts directly paid to employees (direct
expenditure): salaries, amounts paid for unworked
time, premiums and other incentives, rights in kind
paid from salary funds or from other funds, amounts
for social protection from salary funds and from
social insurance contribution;
other expenditure of the unit with labour force
(indirect expenditure) for vocational training,
contributions to unemployment benefit and social
insurance, social protection services, other
expenditure.
Monthly average labour cost per employee is
calculated as the ratio between the units expenditure for
labour force and the average number of employees and
the number of months during one year.
Average hourly labour cost is calculated as the
ratio between the units expenditure for labour force and
the number of hours - man paid.
The quarterly labour cost index is a short-term
indicator showing the assessment of hourly labour
costs trends incurred by the employers as result of hiring
the labour work force. The methodology used and data
series built up are in accordance with the Regulation
(EC) no. 450/2003 of the European Parliament and of the
Council concerning the labour cost index.
The quarterly labour cost indices are calculated as
Laspeyres type indices for total labour cost and its main
components: wages and salaries and other labour costs
(non-wage costs), with reference year 2008 for economic
activities according to CANE Rev.2.
The quarterly labour cost indices are calculated as
provisional indices for year (N) and recalculated as final
during year (N+1), when the data (final data) from the
annual survey on labour costs become available.
Data source: Quarterly labour cost indices are
calculated based on the information obtained from two
statistical data sources:
Monthly statistical survey on earnings (according to
the Regulation of European Council and Parliament
no. 1165/1998 and no. 1158/2005 regarding
statistics of earnings and labour cost structure);
Yearly statistical survey on labour cost (according to
the Regulation of European Council and Parliament
no. 530/1999 regarding statistics of earnings and
labour cost structure).
Data for 2000-2008 period were estimated
according to the new Classification of Activities in the
National Economy (CANE Rev.2), compliant with the

european n domeniu (NACE Rev.2). Metoda de

estimare aplicat se bazeaz pe matricea de conversie a
activitilor economice definite conform CAEN Rev.1, n
activitile economice definite conform CAEN Rev.2.
La baza construirii matricei de conversie au stat datele
colectate conform ambelor versiuni de CAEN, prin
cercetarea statistic lunar asupra ctigurilor salariale,
n cursul anului 2008, respectiv prin cercetarea statistic
anual asupra costului forei de munc, pentru anul 2007.
Costul total cu fora de munc - reprezint
totalitatea cheltuielilor directe i indirecte suportate
de angajator cu fora de munc salariat. Conform
metodologiei europene, se exclud cheltuielile suportate
de angajator cu formarea profesional a angajailor,
recrutarea personalului i echipamentul de protecie.
Cheltuielile directe cu fora de munc - includ
sumele brute pltite din fondul de salarii pentru timpul
lucrat (inclusiv premii), pentru timpul nelucrat, drepturile
n natur ca remunerare a muncii (potrivit prevederilor din
contractele colective de munc), sumele brute pltite
salariailor (ca stimulente) din profitul net realizat de
unitate, sumele brute pltite din alte fonduri (inclusiv
drepturi n natur) acordate conform legislaiei n vigoare.
Cheltuielile indirecte cu fora de munc - includ
contribuiile angajatorului la fondurile de asigurri i
protecie social (omaj, sntate etc.), sumele brute
pltite salariailor care prsesc unitatea (ieire la
pensie, transfer, detaare etc.), sumele brute pltite
pentru ntreruperi ale lucrului neimputabile salariailor,
alte cheltuieli cu fora de munc.
Costul mediu orar al fortei de munc reprezint
raportul dintre cheltuielile angajatorului cu fora de
munc i timpul efectiv lucrat.
Timpul efectiv lucrat cuprinde numrul total de ore
lucrate n program normal de lucru i numrul de ore
lucrate suplimentar (n zilele lucrtoare, peste programul
normal de lucru i n zilele de repaus sptmnal,
srbtori legale i alte zile nelucrtoare).
Sfera de acoperire: ncepnd cu anul 2008, indicii
trimestriali ai costului forei de munc se calculeaz
pentru activitile economice definite, conform Clasificrii
Activitilor din Economia Naional (CAEN Rev.2),
armonizat cu clasificarea european n domeniu
(NACE Rev.2).
Pe lng seria indicilor trimestriali ai costului forei
de munc n form brut (neajustat) se calculeaz i
seriile n form:
a) ajustat dup efectul zilelor lucrtoare;
b) ajustat dup efectul zilelor lucrtoare i
sezonier, eliminndu-se efectul variaiei
numrului de zile lucrtoare de la un trimestru la
altul, precum i efectul variaiei sezoniere.
Ajustarea s-a realizat prin metoda regresiv, n
conformitate cu recomandrile Regulamentului
Consiliului i Parlamentului European nr. 450/2003
privind indicii trimestriali ai costului forei de munc.

European classification in this field (NACE Rev.2).

The estimation method applied relies on the conversion
matrix of economic activities defined according to
CANE Rev. 1 in economic activities defined according to
CANE Rev.2. Conversion matrix was built based on data
collected according to both CANE versions, by means of
monthly statistical survey on earnings, during 2008,
respectively by means of yearly statistical survey on
labour cost for 2007.
Total labour cost - represent the total expenditure
direct remuneration and other expenditure incurred by
the employer as result of hiring the labour work force.
According to European methodology, vocational training
costs, recruitment costs and expenditure on working
clothes are excluded.
Wage and salary costs - include gross payments
as direct remuneration for hours worked (including
bonuses), payment for days not worked, payments in
kind (according to collective agreements), gross
payment from net profit of the unit, gross payments from
other funds (including in kind) according to national
legislation in force.
Other labour costs (non-wage costs) - include the
employers social contributions (for unemployment,
health etc.), gross payment for employees leaving the
unit (retirement, transfer, detachment etc.), gross
payments for work breaks not-imputed to the employees,
other labour costs.
Average hourly labour cost represents the ratio
between the employers costs as result of employing the
labour work force and the number of hours actually worked.
Number of hours actually worked includes the
total number of hours worked during the usual working
time and the over time (additional to the normal working
hours, during the weekends, holidays etc.).
Coverage: Starting with 2008, quarterly labour cost
indices are calculated for economic activities defined,
according to the Classification of Activities in the
National Economy (CANE Rev. 2), harmonized with
European classification in the field NACE (Rev.2).
Besides quarterly indices series of unadjusted
labour cost, the following series are calculated:
a)
b)

adjusted by working days effect;

adjusted by working days and seasonal effect,
being eliminated the effect of working days
variation from one quarter to another, as well as
effect of seasonal variation.
Adjustment was done by regressive method,
according to the recommendations of European
Parliament and Council Regulation no. 450/2003
regarding quarterly indices of labour cost.

Pentru ajustare s-a folosit pachetul de programe

DEMETRA (metoda TRAMO/SEATS), care realizeaz
estimarea efectului numrului de zile lucrtoare diferit de
la un trimestru la altul i efectul calendarului (Patele
ortodox, an bisect i alte srbtori naionale) precum i
identificarea i corectarea valorilor extreme (schimbri
ocazionale de nivel, tranzitorii sau permanente).
Seria ajustat dup numrul de zile lucrtoare
s-a obinut prin eliminarea acestor efecte din seria brut,
cu ajutorul unor coeficieni de corecie, stabilii n funcie
de modelul de regresie utilizat (aditiv sau multiplicativ).
Ajustarea s-a realizat prin metoda indirect,
respectiv prin aplicarea metodei de ajustare la nivelurile
inferioare (asupra componentelor indicilor), indicii
ajustai calculndu-se din componentele ajustate.
Estimarea componentelor neobservate: trend-ciclu,
sezonalitate i componenta neregulat se realizeaz de
ctre programul SEATS pe baza modelelor ARIMA.
Seriile ajustate sezonier s-au obinut prin
eliminarea componentei sezoniere din seria ajustat
dup efectul zilelor lucrtoare.
Stabilirea modelelor de regresie folosite pentru
fiecare serie se face anual i implic recalcularea seriilor
ajustate calculate n anul precedent (recalculare datorat
modificrii modelelor adoptate, numrului de regresori
folosit i numrului de observaii disponibile).
Disparitatea salarial de gen - n form neajustat,
reprezint ponderea diferenei dintre ctigul salarial
mediu brut realizat de brbai i cel realizat de femei n
ctigul salarial brut realizat de brbai.
Sursa datelor: Cercetarea statistic asupra
salariilor n luna octombrie.
Urmtorii indicatori structurali (sarcina fiscal asupra
costului forei de munc, capcana omajului, capcana
salariului mic, sarcina fiscal asupra ctigului disponibil)
se calculeaz - conform metodologiei Eurostat i OECD pentru o unitate etalon (notat n continuare cu AW)
reprezentat de salariatul cu program complet de lucru
din activitile de industrie, construcii i servicii
comerciale (seciunile C - K, conform CAEN Rev.1,
respectiv seciunile B - N, conform CAEN Rev.2 ncepnd
cu anul de referin 2008).
Sarcina fiscal asupra costului forei de munc reprezint proporia tuturor reinerilor (contribuii sociale
i impozit) suportate de angajat i de angajator n totalul
costului forei de munc pentru un AW care realizeaz
67% din ctigul mediu brut al activitilor de industrie,
construcii i servicii comerciale.
Capcana omajului - permite evaluarea
consecinelor financiare n cazul transferului din omaj n
cmpul muncii ca AW care realizeaz 67% din ctigul
mediu brut al activitilor de industrie, construcii i
servicii comerciale.

For adjustment, the DEMETRA software package

was used (TRAMO/SEATS method) estimating the effect
of working days number different from one quarter to
another and calendar effect (orthodox Easter, leap year
and other national holidays) as well as identification and
correction of extreme values (level occasional changes,
transitory or permanent).
Adjusted series by working days number was
obtained by eliminating these effects from the adjusted
series, by means of some correction coefficients, set up
according to the regression model used (additive or
multiplicative).
Adjustment was done by indirect method,
respectively applying the adjustment method at lower
levels (over indices components), adjusted indices being
calculated from adjusted components.
Estimation of unobserved components trend-cycle,
seasonality and irregular component is carried out by
SEATS software based on ARIMA models.
Seasonally adjusted series were obtained by
eliminating seasonal components from adjusted series
by working days effect.
Regression models used for each series are yearly
set up and involve recalculation of adjusted series
calculated in the previous year (recalculation due to the
change of adopted models, number of regression used
and number of available observations).
Gender pay gap - in unadjusted form, express the
difference between mens and womens average gross
earnings as a percentage of mens average gross
earnings.
Data source: The statistical survey on salaries in
October.
The following structural indicators (tax wedge on
labour cost, unemployment trap, low wage trap, tax rate
on disposable earnings) are calculated - according to the
Eurostat and OECD methodology - for an average
worker (noted further on as AW) who is a full-time
employee working in activities of industry, construction
and commercial services (sections C - K of CANE Rev.1,
respectively sections B - N according to CANE Rev.2
since reference year 2008).
Tax wedge on labour cost - is defined as share of
total tax rates and social security contributions payable
by the employee and employer in the gross labour costs
for an AW who earns 67% of the average gross earnings
of the activities on industry, construction and commercial
services.
Unemployment trap - measures the financial
consequences of an AW, earning 67% of the average
gross earnings of the activities on industry, construction
and commercial services, who moves from
unemployment to employment.

Indicatorul msoar proporia sumelor reinute din

ctigul brut ca efect al impozitrii i plii contribuiilor
de asigurri i protecie social i sistarea
indemnizaiei de omaj i a altor beneficii sociale, n
condiiile n care o persoan iese din omaj i intr n
cmpul muncii.
Indicatorul reprezint ponderea diferenei dintre
ctigul brut i creterea venitului net (cnd iese din
omaj i intr n cmpul muncii) n ctigul brut.
Indicatorul se calculeaz pentru dou cazuri
particulare:
fr rencadrare n munc pe durata perioadei de
omaj - caz n care se evalueaz consecinele
financiare n cazul transferului din omaj n cmpul
muncii, dar nu n timpul perioadei de omaj, ci la un
moment de timp ulterior, nespecificat;
cu rencadrare n munc dup 2 luni de omaj - caz
n care se evalueaz consecinele financiare n
cazul transferului din omaj n cmpul muncii, dup
2 luni de omaj. n acest caz, conform prevederilor
legale, persoana beneficiaz din momentul angajrii
pn la sfritul perioadei pentru care era
ndreptit s primeasc indemnizaia de omaj, de
o sum lunar suplimentar. Acest caz este introdus
conform metodologiei revizuite a OECD i este
relevant pentru politicile de ncurajare a rencadrrii
n munc a omerilor.
Capcana salariului mic - permite evaluarea
consecinelor financiare n cazul n care o persoan
salariat i mrete efortul de munc depus i implicit,
nivelul salariului ctigat, adic, msoar proporia
sumelor reinute din ctigul brut ca efect al impozitrii,
plii contribuiilor de asigurri, protecie social i orice
alte reduceri sau sistri ale beneficiilor sociale, n
condiiile n care are loc o cretere a ctigului brut.
Indicatorul reprezint ponderea diferenei dintre
creterea ctigului brut i cea a venitului net (creteri
determinate de mrirea efortului de munc) n creterea
ctigului brut.
Indicatorul se calculeaz pentru dou cazuri
particulare:
persoan necstorit, fr copii, n ipoteza n
care, de la un nivel al ctigului de 33% din ctigul
salarial mediu brut al unui AW ar atinge un nivel al
ctigului de 67% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al
unui AW;
cuplu cstorit, cu doi copii, din care un singur
printe lucreaz, n ipoteza n care, de la un nivel al
ctigului de 33% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al
unui AW ar atinge un nivel al ctigului de 67% din
ctigul salarial mediu brut al unui AW.
Sarcina fiscal asupra ctigului disponibil exprim cota corespunztoare tuturor reinerilor
(contribuii sociale individuale i impozit) aplicate
ctigurilor brute formate din ctiguri salariale i sume

Unemployment trap measures what percentage of

gross earnings is taxed away by higher tax and social
security contributions, and also the withdrawal of
unemployment and other social benefits, under the
conditions where a person is no longer unemployed and
become employed person.
Unemployment trap express a report between the
gross earnings and the growing of net incomes (when the
employee moves from unemployment to employment).
The indicator is calculated for two particular cases:
without rehiring during unemployment period - when
there are evaluated financial consequences in case
of unemployment transfer in labour field, but not
during unemployment period, at a subsequent time
moment not specified.
with rehiring after two unemployment months -when
there are evaluated financial consequences in case
of unemployment transfer in labour field, after two
unemployment months. In this case, according to
legal stipulations, person benefits from hiring
moment till the end of period due to receive
unemployment indemnity, of an additional monthly
amount. This case is introduced according to OECD
revised methodology and it is relevant for policies
encouraging the unemployed rehiring.
Low wage trap - measures the financial
consequences for a person or a family when the employed
person increases his/her work effort and implicitly the
achieved earnings, i.e. it measures the share of amounts
taken over from the gross earnings for the payment of
taxes, insurance contributions, social protection and any
other deductions or ceased social allowances, under the
conditions of increased gross earnings.
The indicator represents the weight of the difference
between gross earnings increase and net income
increase (entailed by the increased labour effort) in the
gross earnings increase.
Low wage trap is computed for two particular cases:
single person without children moving from 33%
to 67% of the average earnings of an AW;

one-earner couple with two children moving from

33% to 67% of the average earnings of an AW.

Tax wedge on disposable earnings - is defined as

share of total retentions (tax rates and individual social
security contributions) applied to gross earnings that
contains the gross earnings and cash transfers from the

transferate de stat sub form de alocaii acordate

familiei. n determinarea indicatorului se iau n calcul
ctigurile brute i nete pentru 13 cazuri particulare care
in cont de starea civil, numrul ctigtorilor de salarii
(din familie) i numrul de copii n ntreinere:
persoan necstorit, fr copii, care realizeaz
67% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW;
persoan necstorit, fr copii, care realizeaz
100% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW;
persoan necstorit, fr copii, care realizeaz
167% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW;
persoan necstorit, fr copii, care realizeaz
50% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW;
persoan necstorit, fr copii, care realizeaz
80% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW;
persoan necstorit, fr copii, care realizeaz
125% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW;
persoan necstorit, cu 2 copii, care realizeaz
67% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW;
cuplu cstorit, cu 2 copii, un singur printe lucreaz
i realizeaz 100% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al
AW;
cuplu cstorit, cu 2 copii, ambii prini lucreaz,
unul realizeaz 100%, iar cellalt 33% din ctigul
salarial mediu brut al AW;
cuplu cstorit, cu 2 copii, ambii prini lucreaz,
fiecare realizeaz 100% din ctigul salarial mediu
brut al AW;
cuplu cstorit, cu 2 copii, ambii prini lucreaz,
unul realizeaz 100%, iar cellalt 67% din ctigul
salarial mediu brut al AW;
cuplu cstorit, fr copii, ambii soi lucreaz, unul
realizeaz 100%, iar cellalt 33% din ctigul
salarial mediu brut al AW;
cuplu cstorit, fr copii, ambii soi lucreaz,
fiecare realizeaz 100% din ctigul salarial mediu
brut al AW.
Indicatorul se calculeaz ca diferen ntre 100% i
raportul dintre ctigul disponibil i ctigul salarial
mediu brut pentru fiecare din cele 13 cazuri particulare.
Ctigul disponibil se calculeaz ca sum a
ctigului salarial mediu net i sumelor transferate de
stat sub form de alocaii acordate familiei (conform
legislaiei naionale: alocaia de stat pentru copii, alocaia
familial complementar, alocaia de susinere pentru
familia monoparental).
Sursa datelor: Cercetarea statistic privind costul
forei de munc. Pentru calcularea reinerilor se
utilizeaz legislaia n vigoare la 1 iulie - ncepnd cu
anul de referin 2008, conform metodologiei OECD.

government as family allowances. For determining the

indicator the gross and net earnings are taken into
account for 13 different family situations. Differences
exist with respect to marital status, number of workers (in
the family) and number of dependent children:
single person without children, earning 67% of the
average gross earnings of AW;
single person without children, earning 100% of the
average gross earnings of AW;
single person without children, earning 167% of the
average gross earnings of AW;
single person without children, earning 50% of the
average gross earnings of AW;
single person without children, earning 80% of the
average gross earnings of AW;
single person without children, earning 125% of the
average gross earnings of AW;
single person with 2 children, earning 67% of the
average gross earnings of AW;
married couple with 2 children, only one parent is
working and earns 100% of the average gross
earnings of AW;
married couple with 2 children, both parents are
working, one earns 100% and the other earns 33%
of the average gross earnings of AW;
married couple with 2 children, both parents are
working and earn100% of the average gross
earnings of AW;
married couple with 2 children, both parents are
working, one earns 100% and the other earns 67%
of the average gross earnings of AW;
married couple with no children, both persons are
working, one earns 100% and the other earns 33%
of the average gross earnings of AW;
married couple with no children, both persons are
working and earn 100% of the average gross
earnings of AW.
The indicator is calculated as a difference from 100%
and the report between the disposable earnings (takehome pay) and gross earnings for each of the 13 family
situations.
The disposable earnings (take-home pay) is
calculated as a sum of the net earnings and cash
transfers from the government as family allowances
(according to national legislation: state allowance for
children, supplementary family allowance, sustaining
allowance for single parent family).
Data source: The statistical labour cost survey.
In view to calculate the retentions, the legislation in force
on July 1st is used - starting with the reference year
2008, according to OECD methodology.

CHELTUIELILE I CONSUMUL POPULAIEI

POPULATION EXPENDITURE AND CONSUMPTION

Cheltuielile totale cuprind:

cheltuielile bneti, indiferent de destinaie
(consum, impozite i pli obligatorii, cumprri de
animale i psri, imobile i terenuri, alte cheltuieli
de investiii etc.), inclusiv contravaloarea prestaiilor
(mrfuri i servicii) gratuite sau cu reducere de pre,
evaluat la preul de vnzare al unitii ofertante;

Total expenditure include:

money expenditure, irrespective of their destination
(consumption, taxes and compulsory payments,
purchases of animals and poultry, real estate and
lands, other investment expenditure a.s.o.), including
equivalent value of free or at lower prices provisions
(goods and services), evaluated at selling price of
offering unit;
equivalent value of consumption of food and
non-food products from own resources
(production, stock a.s.o.), determined based on
monthly average prices of respective products.
Total consumption expenditure include:
money expenditure for buying consumed food
products, non-food goods and for payment of
services, including equivalent value of free or at
lower prices provisions (goods and services);

contravaloarea
consumului
de
produse
alimentare i nealimentare din resurse proprii
(producie, stoc etc.) determinat pe baza preurilor
medii lunare ale produselor respective.
Cheltuielile totale de consum cuprind:
cheltuielile bneti pentru cumprarea produselor
alimentare consumate, a mrfurilor nealimentare i
pentru plata serviciilor, inclusiv contravaloarea
prestaiilor (mrfuri i servicii) gratuite sau cu
reducere de pre;
contravaloarea
consumului
de
produse
alimentare i nealimentare din resurse proprii.
Consumul mediu anual de produse alimentare pe
locuitor, exprimat n uniti fizice, reprezint cantitile
de produse alimentare consumate n medie pe locuitor, n
anul de referin, indiferent de forma sub care se consum
(natural sau prelucrat), de sursa de aprovizionare
(magazine alimentare, piaa liber, consumul din resurse
proprii etc.), sau de locul unde se consum (gospodrii
individuale, restaurante, cantine etc.).
Consumul mediu anual de buturi, pe locuitor
reprezint cantitile de buturi alcoolice i buturi
nealcoolice, consumate n medie, pe locuitor, n anul de
referin, indiferent de sursa de aprovizionare (magazine
alimentare, piaa liber i producia proprie a
productorilor agricoli numai pentru consumul de vin) i
de locul unde se consum (gospodriile individuale ale
populaiei, restaurante, cantine etc.).
Att consumul de produse alimentare ct i
consumul de buturi se calculeaz ca disponibil de
consum (producie + import - export - prelucrare
industrial - pierderi - variaie de stocuri) raportat la
populaia total de la 1 iulie, anul de referin.
Consumul alimentar mediu zilnic, exprimat n
calorii i factori nutritivi, pe locuitor reprezint
coninutul n calorii i factori nutritivi al consumului
alimentar mediu zilnic i se determin pe baza datelor
privind consumul mediu net zilnic (exclusiv partea
necomestibil a unui produs alimentar care se
ndeprteaz att n timpul prelucrrii industriale sau
culinare ct i n momentul consumului efectiv) i a
compoziiei alimentelor, exprimat n calorii i factori
nutritivi (proteine, lipide i glucide).
nzestrarea gospodriilor cu bunuri de folosin
ndelungat, se exprim prin numrul de bunuri de
folosin ndelungat n stare de funcionare care revin n
medie la 100 de gospodrii (exclusiv bunurile nchiriate
sau mprumutate de la alte persoane sau instituii).

equivalent value of food and non-food products

consumption from own resources.
Yearly average consumption of food products
per inhabitant expressed in physical units, represents
the quantities of food products consumed in average per
capita in the reference year regardless the consumption
type (natural or processed), the supply source
(food stores, free market, consumption from own
resources a.s.o.) or the consumption place (individual
households, restaurants, canteens a.s.o.).
Yearly average consumption of beverages, per
inhabitant represents quantities alcoholic beverages,
nonalcoholic beverages, consumed as average, per
inhabitant in the reference year no matter of supply
source (food stores, free market and own production of
agricultural producers only for wine consumption) and of
consumption place (population individual households,
restaurants, conteens a.s.o.).
Both food products consumption and beverages
consumption are calculated as available for
consumption (production + import - export - industrial
processing - losses - change in stocks) related to total
population on July 1st, reference year.
Daily average food consumption expressed in
calories and nutrients, per inhabitant represents the
content in calories and nutrients of daily average food
consumption and is determined based on data regarding
daily net average consumption (excluding non-edible
part of a food product being removed both-during
industrial processing or cooking as well as in the moment
of effective consumption) and food composition
expressed in calories and nutrients (proteins, fats and
carbohydrates).
Households endowment with durable goods, is
expressed by the number of durable goods in function,
as average per 100 households (excluding goods rented
or borrowed from other persons or institutions).

Structura veniturilor bneti

Structure of money income

4.G1

2007

5,4%

4,0%

24,4%

2012

28,0%

3,4%

3,1%

3,5%

4,1%

63,3%

Salarii brute i alte drepturi salariale

Gross salaries and other salary rights

Venituri din activiti neagricole independente

Income from non-agricultural independent activities
Alte venituri
Other income

Venituri din prestaii sociale

Income from social provisions

Venituri din agricultur

Income from agriculture

4.G2

60,8%

Ctigul salarial mediu brut, pe activiti ale economiei naionale, n anul 2012
Average gross earnings, by activity of national economy, in 2012
CAEN Rev.2 (seciuni)
CANE Rev.2 (sections)

lei/salariat / lei/employee

4911

5000
4500

4031

4000
3500

3057

3000
2500
2000

2110

2063
1493

1500

2898

2235
1629 1779

1710
1148

1000

1895 1797

1392

1569

1265

500
0

Total

10

7 - Informaii i comunicaii
1 - Agricultur, silvicultur i pescuit
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
Information and communication
8 - Intermedieri financiare i
2 - Industrie1)
asigurri
Industry 1)
Financial intermediations and
3 - Construcii
insurance
Construction
9 - Tranzacii imobiliare
4 - Comer cu ridicata i cu amnuntul;
Real estate activities
repararea autovehiculelor i
10 - Activiti profesionale, tiinifice
motocicletelor
i tehnice
Wholesale and retail; repair of motor
Professional, scientific and
vehicles and motorcycles
technical activities
5 - Transport i depozitare
11 - Activiti de servicii administrative
Transport and storage
i activiti de servicii suport
6 - Hoteluri i restaurante
Activities of administrative services
Hotels and restaurants
and of support services

11

12

13

14

15

16

12 - Administraie public i aprare;

asigurri sociale din sistemul
public 2)
Public administration and defence;
social insurance of public sector 2)
13 - nvmnt
Education
14 - Sntate i asisten social
Health and social assistance
15 - Activiti de spectacole,
culturale i recreative
Shows, culture and recreation
activities
16 - Alte activiti de servicii
Other service activities

1) Inclusiv producia i furnizarea de energie electric i termic, gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat i distribuia apei; salubritate,

gestionarea deeurilor, activiti de decontaminare.

Including electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply and water supply; sewerage, waste management and
decontamination activities.
2) Exclusiv forele armate i personalul asimilat (Ministerul Aprrii Naionale, Ministerul Afacerilor Interne, Serviciul Romn de Informaii etc.).
Excluding armed forces and similar staff (Ministry of National Defence, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Romanian Intelligence Service etc.).

4.G3

Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut i net lunar, pe sexe

Average gross and net nominal monthly earnings, by sex
lei/salariat / lei/employee

2400
2000
1600 1468
1312
1200
1095
981

2007
1786

1906
1775

1814
1700

1348
1264

2098

1466
1308

1405
1310

1848

2163
1948
1581
1424

1530
1349

800
400
0

BRUT NET
GROSS

BRUT NET
GROSS

BRUT NET
GROSS

BRUT NET
GROSS

BRUT NET
GROSS

BRUT NET
GROSS

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Brbai
Men

4.G4

Femei
Women

Structura cheltuielilor totale de consum, n anul 2012

Structure of total consumption expenditure, in 2012
Total gospodrii / Total households

Salariai / Employees

25,0%

Agricultori / Farmers

45,1%
29,9%
28,2%

41,1%

13,9%

25,9%

60,2%

30,7%

omeri / Unemployed

Pensionari / Pensioners

23,0%

27,6%

49,5%

46,6%
30,4%

22,9%
Cheltuieli pentru produse alimentare
Expenditure for food products
Cheltuieli pentru mrfuri nealimentare
Expenditure for non-food goods
Cheltuieli pentru plata serviciilor
Expenditure for payment of services

4.G5

Structura cheltuielilor totale ale gospodriilor

Structure of total households expenditure
2007

2012

3,2%

3,4%
16,3%

15,0%

71,6%

8,3%

1,7%

71,9%

0,5%

Cheltuieli de producie
Production expenditure

Cheltuieli de consum
Consumption expenditure

Impozite, contribuii, cotizaii, taxe

Taxes, contributions, dues, fees

Cheltuieli pentru investiii

Expenditure for investment

4.G6

8,1%

Alte cheltuieli
Other expenditure

Evoluia consumului alimentar mediu zilnic (exprimat n calorii), pe locuitor

Evolution of daily average food consumption (expressed in calories),
per inhabitant
calorii / calories

4000
3393

3455

3450

3400

3390

1965

1962

1954

1911

1971

1884

1000

956

1015

1031

1041

969

962

500

472

478

465

448

450

437

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

3500

3283

3000
2500
2000
1500

0
Calorii - total
Calories - total

Lipide (n echiv. calorii)

Fats (in equiv. calories)

Glucide (n echiv. calorii)

Carbohydrates (in equiv. calories)

Proteine (n echiv. calorii)

Proteins (in equiv. calories)

Not: Pentru perioada 2007 2011 s-a utilizat populaia rezident (stabil) la 1 iulie a fiecrui an, estimat n condiii de comparabilitate
cu rezultatele definitive ale Recensmntului Populaiei i al Locuinelor - 2011.
Pentru anul 2012 s-a utilizat populaia rezident (stabil) la 1 ianuarie, estimat n condiii de comparabilitate cu rezultatele
definitive ale Recensmntului Populaiei i al Locuinelor - 2011.
Datele statistice sunt prezentate conform nomenclatorului Eurostat i FAO.
Note: For the period 2007 2011, the usual resident population on July 1st of each year was used, estimated under comparability conditions
with the final results of the Population and Housing Census 2011.
For the year 2012, the usual resident population on January 1st was used, estimated under comparability conditions with the final results
of the Population and Housing Census 2011.
Statistical data are presented according to the Eurostat and FAO nomenclature.

VENITURILE, CHELTUIELILE I
CONSUMUL POPULAIEI
VENITURILE POPULAIEI
4.1 Veniturile totale ale gospodriilor
4.2 Veniturile totale ale gospodriilor, grupate dup numrul persoanelor
din componen
4.3 Veniturile totale ale gospodriilor, pe decile, n anul 2012 (total gospodrii)
4.4 Distribuia gospodriilor i persoanelor din gospodrii, pe decile, n anul 2012
4.5 Indicii ctigului salarial real
4.6 Salariile medii brute, realizate pe principalele activiti ale economiei naionale,
n luna octombrie 2012
4.7 Structura salariailor, pe grupe de salarii brute, realizate n luna octombrie
4.8 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut i net lunar, pe activiti ale economiei
naionale i pe sexe
4.9 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut lunar, pe forme de proprietate,
activiti ale economiei naionale i pe sexe
4.10 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut lunar, pe activiti ale
economiei naionale - total salariai
4.11 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu net lunar, pe activiti ale economiei naionale
4.12 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu net lunar, pe forme de proprietate,
activiti ale economiei naionale i pe sexe
4.13 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu net lunar, pe activiti ale
economiei naionale i pe sexe
4.14 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut lunar, pe forme de proprietate,
clase de mrime ale ntreprinderilor i pe sexe
4.15 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu net lunar, pe forme de proprietate,
clase de mrime ale ntreprinderilor i pe sexe
4.16 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut i net lunar, pe activiti
ale industriei i pe sexe
4.17 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut lunar, pe forme de proprietate,
activiti ale industriei i pe sexe
4.18 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut lunar, pe activiti ale industriei
4.19 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut lunar, pe activiti ale industriei i pe sexe
4.20 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu net lunar, pe forme de proprietate,
activiti ale industriei i pe sexe
4.21 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu net lunar, pe activiti ale industriei
4.22 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu net lunar, pe activiti ale industriei i pe sexe
4.23 Indicii trimestriali ai costului orar al forei de munc
4.24 Indicii trimestriali ai costului forei de munc, pe activiti ale economiei naionale
4.25 Indicatori structurali din statisticile ctigurilor salariale i costului forei de munc
4.26 Costul mediu lunar i costul mediu orar al forei de munc, pe activiti
ale economiei naionale
4.27 Costul mediu lunar i costul mediu orar al forei de munc,
pe activiti ale industriei
CHELTUIELILE I CONSUMUL POPULAIEI
4.28 Cheltuielile totale ale gospodriilor
4.29 Cheltuielile totale ale gospodriilor, grupate dup numrul
persoanelor din componen
4.30 Cheltuielile totale ale gospodriilor, pe decile, n anul 2012 (total gospodrii)
4.31 Structura cheltuielilor totale de consum ale gospodriilor
4.32 Structura cheltuielilor bneti de consum ale gospodriilor
4.33 Consumul mediu anual, la principalele produse alimentare i buturi, pe locuitor
4.34 Consumul alimentar mediu zilnic, (exprimat n calorii i factori nutritivi),
pe locuitor
4.35 nzestrarea populaiei cu bunuri de folosin ndelungat (la sfritul anului)
4.36 nzestrarea gospodriilor cu bunuri de folosin ndelungat
TERITORIAL
4.37 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut i net lunar, n profil teritorial i pe sexe,
n anul 2012
4.38 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut lunar, n profil teritorial i pe activiti
ale economiei naionale, n anul 2012
4.39 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu net lunar, n profil teritorial i pe activiti
ale economiei naionale, n anul 2012
4.40 Veniturile totale ale principalelor categorii de gospodrii, n profil teritorial,
n anul 2012
4.41 Cheltuielile totale ale principalelor categorii de gospodrii, n profil teritorial,
n anul 2012

LOCUINE I
UTILITI PUBLICE

DWELINGS AND
PUBLIC UTILITIES

SURSA DATELOR





Cercetri statistice:
Cercetarea statistic privind modificrile fondului de
locuine;
Cercetarea statistic privind locuinele terminate;
Cercetri statistice privind alimentarea cu ap,
canalizare public i spaii verzi, salubritatea i
distribuia energiei termice, a gazelor naturale i alte
cercetri statistice pentru domeniul edilitar.

DATA SOURCE





Statistical surveys:
Statistical survey on the changes in dwellings stock;
Statistical survey on finished dwellings;
Statistical surveys on water supply, public sewerage
and green spaces, sanitation and distribution of
electric energy, natural gas and other statistical
surveys in urbanistic field.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

Fondul de locuine se determin pe baza datelor

obinute la recensmintele populaiei i locuinelor i a
modificrilor intervenite n cursul fiecrui an, respectiv:
intrrile, reprezentnd locuinele date n folosin
(locuine noi i spaii cu alt destinaie transformate
n locuine);
ieirile, reprezentnd demolrile i schimbarea
locuinelor n spaii cu alt destinaie.
Locuina este construcia, format din una sau mai
multe camere de locuit situate la acelai nivel al cldirii
sau la niveluri diferite, prevzut, n general, cu
dependine (buctrie, baie etc.) sau cu alte spaii de
deservire, independent din punct de vedere funcional,
avnd intrarea separat din casa scrii, curte sau strad
i care a fost construit, transformat sau amenajat n
scopul de a fi folosit, n principiu, de o singur
gospodrie.
Locuina terminat n cursul unui an este acea
construcie care nu a existat anterior i ale crei
elemente, inclusiv fundaia, s-au construit pentru prima
dat, la care s-au realizat toate categoriile de lucrri
prevzute n documentaia de execuie i care au fost
recepionate de beneficiar.
Camera de locuit reprezint o ncpere dintr-o
locuin care servete pentru locuit, avnd suprafaa de
cel puin 4 m2, nlimea de cel puin 2 m pe cea mai
mare parte a suprafeei sale i care primete lumin
natural fie direct prin ferestre i / sau ui exterioare, fie
indirect, prin verande cu ajutorul ferestrelor i / sau uilor,
sau prin alte camere de locuit cu ajutorul glasvandurilor.
Astfel, sunt considerate camere de locuit: dormitoarele,
camerele de zi, holurile locuibile, ncperile cu dubl
utilizare (din a cror suprafa, o parte este folosit pentru
locuit) i de asemenea, alte ncperi destinate pentru
locuit.
Suprafaa (aria) construit desfurat (total)
reprezint suma suprafeelor seciunilor orizontale ale
tuturor nivelurilor cldirii (subsol, parter, etaje i
mansard, exclusiv podurile circulabile sau necirculabile),
delimitate de conturul exterior al pereilor exteriori. Nu se
cuprind suprafeele aferente treptelor exterioare,

Dwellings stock is determined based on data

obtained from Population and Housing Censuses and on
changes occurred each year, namely:
inputs, representing dwellings in use (new dwellings
and spaces with another destination changed into
dwellings);
outputs, representing demolitions and change of
dwellings into spaces with another destination.
A dwelling is the construction, made up by one or
more habitation rooms situated at the same floor of
the building or at different floors, generally endowed with
outhouses (kitchen, bathroom a.s.o.) or with other
service spaces, functionally independent, with separated
entrance from the staircase hall, yard or street and which
has been built, transformed or arranged with a view to
be used, in principle, by a single household.
A finished dwelling built during one year, is that
building which did not exist before and whose elements,
including the foundation, were built for the first time, for
which all categories of work foreseen into the execution
documentation were performed and which were received
by beneficiary.
Habitation room represents a room from a dwelling
used for habitation, having an area of at least 4 sq.m, a
height of at least 2 m on largest part of its area, which
gets natural light either directly through windows and / or
exterior doors, or indirectly through veranda by means
of windows and / or doors, or by other habitation rooms
by means of French windows. Thus, the following are
considered habitation rooms: bedrooms, dining rooms,
habitation halls, rooms with double use (of whose area,
one part is used for habitation) and also, other rooms for
habitation purpose.
The total built up area represents the sum of
horizontal section areas of all the building floors
(basement, land-floor, floors and attic, excluding passing
or non-passing garrets) limited by the outside contour of
the external walls. The areas afferent to outside steps,
uncovered terraces, inside yards and outside yards for

teraselor neacoperite, ariile curilor interioare i

exterioare de lumin sau de acces, mai mari de 4 m2,
subsolurile tehnice.
Suprafaa (aria) util desfurat (total) rezult
din suprafaa construit desfurat, din care se scade
suprafaa ocupat de perei (exclusiv pereii amovibili).
Suprafaa (aria) locuibil desfurat (total)
reprezint suma suprafeelor destinate pentru locuit a
tuturor locuinelor sau spaiilor de locuit din cldire.
Transportul public local de pasageri reprezint
operaiunea de transport de pasageri care se
efectueaz cu un vehicul rutier de transport, precum i
cu metroul, n interiorul zonei administrativ-teritoriale a
unei localiti, fr a depi limitele acesteia.
Lungimea total simpl a reelei de distribuie a
apei potabile reprezint lungimea tuburilor i
conductelor instalate pe teritoriul localitii respective,
pentru transportul apei potabile de la conductele de
aduciune sau de la staiile de pompare pn la
punctele de branare a consumatorilor.
Apa potabil distribuit consumatorilor este
cantitatea total de ap potabil livrat efectiv tuturor
consumatorilor, populaiei i operatorilor economici,
pentru nevoi productive i neproductive (casnice, bi
publice, cldiri social-culturale i administrative,
hoteluri, stropitul strzilor, spaii verzi etc.) prin reele de
distribuie sau direct prin conducte de aduciune; se
determin cu ajutorul apometrelor instalate la
consumatori, iar n lipsa acestora pe baza normelor de
consum paual.
Lungimea total a conductelor de distribuie a
gazelor naturale se refer la totalitatea conductelor
(din reea i direct din conductele magistrale de
transport) prin care se distribuie gaze la consumatorii
dintr-o localitate, ncepnd de la staiile de reglare a
presiunii i predare a gazelor de ctre furnizori pn la
punctele de branare a consumatorilor.
Gazele naturale distribuite efectiv reprezint
volumul total de gaze naturale livrate consumatorilor
prin reele de distribuie (inclusiv gazele naturale
consumate de unitatea distribuitoare).

5.G1

lighting or access purposes exceeding 4 sq.m and

technical basements are not included.
Useful area (total area) results from unfolded built
surface, of which the surface occupied by the walls is
subtracted (excluding removable walls).
Total unfolded living floor represents the sum of
the areas meant for habitation of all dwellings or living
spaces in the building.
Local public passengers transport includes
passengers transport operations carried out using a
road transport vehicle as well as the subway, within the
administrative-territorial area of a locality, without
exceeding its boundaries.
Simple total length of drinking water supply
network represents the length of tubes and pipes
placed in the respective locality, for drinking water
transport from feed pipes or from pumping pipes up to
the consumers connection points.
Drinking water supplied to the users is the total
quantity of drinking water actually delivered to all
consumers, to the population and to economic
operators, for productive and non-productive needs
(domestic, public baths, social-cultural and administrative
buildings, hotels, street wash, green spaces a.s.o.)
through distribution networks or directly aduction by
pipes; it is determined by means of water gauges
installed at the consumers and, if they are not present,
by means of flat rate consumption norms.
Total length of distribution pipes of natural gas
refers to all pipes (from network and directly from main
transport pipes) distributing gas to the consumers in
one locality, starting from pressure adjustment and gas
delivery stations of suppliers up to the consumers
connection points.
Actually distributed natural gas represents the
total volume of natural gas delivered to the consumers
by means of distribution networks (including natural gas
consumed by distribution unit).

Locuine terminate, pe medii

Finished dwellings, by area
20121)

2007

49,7%

50,3%
54,5%

Urban
1) Date provizorii.

Provisional data.

45,5%

Rural

5.G2

Locuine terminate, pe surse de finanare

Finished dwellings, by financing sources
Numr locuine (mii)
Number of dwellings (thou)

67,3

70

62,5

60
48,9

47,3

50

45,4

44,0

40,4

40
30
20

43,0

61,2

56,8

46,0

43,1

4,3

6,1

5,7

2,9

2,3

10
0

2007

2008

2009

Fonduri private
Private funds

2010

2011

Fonduri publice
Public funds

3,6
1)

2012

1)

Total locuine terminate

Total finished dwellings

1) Date provizorii.

Provisional data.

5.G3

Locuine terminate, dup numrul camerelor de locuit

Finished dwellings, by number of habitation rooms
20121)

2007
8,1%

7,2%

19,5%

18,5%

48,0%

51,1%

22,2%

25,4%

1) Date provizorii.

Provisional data.

cu o camer
with one room

cu trei camere
with three rooms

cu dou camere
with two rooms

cu patru camere i peste

with four rooms and over

LOCUINE I UTILITI PUBLICE

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11

Fondul de locuine
Balana fondului de locuine
Locuine terminate
Locuine terminate, dup tipurile de instalaii cu care sunt dotate i
fondurile de finanare
Locuine terminate, dup numrul camerelor de locuit i sursele de finanare
Strzile oreneti (la sfritul anului)
Transportul public local de pasageri
Transportul public local de pasageri, pe tipuri de vehicule de transport
Canalizare public i spaii verzi (la sfritul anului)
Reeaua i volumul gazelor naturale distribuite
Reeaua i volumul apei potabile distribuite
TERITORIAL

5.12 Fondul de locuine, n profil teritorial i pe forme de proprietate,

la 31 decembrie 2012
5.13 Locuine terminate, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
5.14 Strzile oreneti, n profil teritorial, la 31 decembrie 2012
5.15 Transportul public local de pasageri, n profil teritorial, la 31 decembrie 2012
5.16 Canalizare public i spaii verzi, n profil teritorial, la 31 decembrie 2012
5.17 Reeaua i volumul gazelor naturale distribuite n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
5.18 Volumul de ap potabil distribuit consumatorilor, n profil teritorial,
n anul 2012
5.19 Reeaua de distribuie a apei potabile, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
5.20 Localiti n care se distribuie energie termic, n profil teritorial,
la 31 decembrie 2012

SECURITATE I
ASISTEN SOCIAL

SOCIAL PROTECTION AND

ASSISTANCE

SURSA DATELOR












Cercetri statistice:
Cercetarea statistic asupra unitilor colare de
nvmnt preuniversitar special;
Cercetarea statistic asupra numrului de pensionari i
pensiei medii lunare;
Colectarea naional de date asupra statisticii
proteciei sociale, conform metodologiei europene
ESSPROS (European System of Integrated Social
Protection Statistics) pentru statisticile privind protecia
social;
Colectarea naional de date asupra politicilor privind
piaa muncii, conform metodologiei europene LMP
(Labour Market Policies) pentru statisticile privind politicile
care acioneaz pe piaa muncii.
Surse administrative:
Agenia Naional pentru Ocuparea Forei de Munc,
pentru datele privind protecia social a omerilor
nregistrai;
Casa Naional de Pensii Publice, pentru datele privind
protecia social a pensionarilor de asigurri sociale,
precum i datele pentru biletele de tratament i odihn;
Ministerul Culturii - Secretariatul de Stat pentru Culte;
Casa de Asigurri a Avocailor;
Ministerul Aprrii Naionale;
Ministerul Afacerilor Interne;
Serviciul Romn de Informaii;
Autoritatea Naional pentru Persoanele cu Handicap,
pn n anul 2009 pentru datele privind: cheltuielile
pentru protecia special a persoanelor cu handicap
neinstituionalizate, numrul minorilor cu deficiene din
unitile proprii specializate, centrele pentru asistarea
adulilor, numrul persoanelor asistate n centre, pe
tipuri de deficiene;
Autoritatea Naional pentru Protecia Familiei i a
Drepturilor Copilului, pn n anul 2009 i Oficiul Romn
pentru Adopii, pentru indicatorii din sistemul de
protecie a copilului aflat n dificultate (prentmpinarea
situaiilor ce pun n pericol securitatea i dezvoltarea
copiilor: prevenirea prenatal a abandonului copilului
sau meninerea copilului n familia natural);
Ministerul Muncii, Familiei, Proteciei Sociale i
Persoanelor Vrstnice, pentru datele privind cminele
pentru persoane vrstnice; pentru datele privind
alocaiile de stat i suplimentare, alocaia familial
complementar i alocaia de susinere pentru familia
monoparental i alte ajutoare acordate de la bugetul
statului i bugetele locale i pentru datele privind
asistena social. ncepnd cu anul 2010, Ministerul
Muncii, Familiei, Proteciei Sociale i Persoanelor
Vrstnice reprezint sursa datelor i pentru indicatorii
furnizai de Autoritatea Naional pentru Persoanele cu
Handicap i Autoritatea Naional pentru Protecia
Familiei i a Drepturilor Copilului, pn n anul 2009.

DATA SOURCE












Statistical surveys:
Statistical survey on special preuniversity education units;
Statistical survey on number of pensioners and monthly
average pension;
National data collection on social protection statistics,
according to ESSPROS European methodology for social
protection statistics.

National data collection on labour market policies,

according to LMP European methodology for labour
market statistics.

Administrative sources:
National Agency for Employment, for data on registered
unemployed social protection;
National Public Pension Office, for data on social protection
of social insurance pensioners, as well as the data for
balneary treatment and rest tickets;
Ministry of Culture - State Secretariate for Cults;
Lawyers Insurance Office;
Ministry of National Defence;
Ministry of Internal Affairs;
Romanian Intelligence Service;
National Authority for Disabled People, until 2009 for data
on expenditure for special protection of noninstitutionalised
disabled persons, number of under age persons with
deficiencies from own specialized units, centers for
assisting adults, number of persons assisted in centers, by
type of deficiency;
National Authority for Family and Child Rights Protection,
until 2009 and Romanian Office for Adoptions, for
indicators from the protection system of child under
difficulty (preventing the situations jeopardizing the
children security and growth: the prenatal prevention of
child abandonment or maintaing the child within his natural
family);
Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Protection and Elderly
Persons, for data on elderly persons hostels; for data on
state and additional allowances, complementary family
allowance and support allowance for mono-parental family
and other benefits granted from state budget and local
budgets and for data on social assistance. Since 2010, the
Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Protection and Elderly
Persons is the source of data and indicators provided by
the National Authority for Disabled People and National
Authority for Family and Child Rights Protection, until
2009.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

PROTECIA SOCIAL A OMERILOR

UNEMPLOYED SOCIAL PROTECTION

Cheltuielile cu protecia social a omerilor :

Indemnizaia de omaj reprezint o compensaie
parial a veniturilor asiguratului ca urmare a pierderii
locului de munc sau a veniturilor absolvenilor
instituiilor de nvmnt care nu s-au putut ncadra n
munc.
Conform Legii nr. 76/2002, cu modificrile i
completrile ulterioare, beneficiaz de indemnizaie
de omaj:
a) omerii care ndeplinesc cumulativ urmtoarele
condiii:
- au stagiu de cotizare de minimum 12 luni n ultimele
24 de luni premergtoare datei nregistrrii cererii;

Expenditure for unemployed social protection:

Unemployment benefit represents a partial
compensation of insured person income as a result of
losing his job or income for graduates of education
institutions who could not be employed.

- nu realizeaz venituri sau realizeaz din activiti

autorizate potrivit legii venituri mai mici dect
valoarea indicatorului social de referin, n vigoare;
- nu ndeplinesc condiiile de pensionare conform legii;
- sunt nregistrai la ageniile pentru ocuparea forei
de munc n a cror raz teritorial i au domiciliul
sau, dup caz, reedin dac au avut ultimul loc
de munc ori au realizat venituri n acea localitate.
Cuantumul indemnizaiei de omaj, pentru
aceast categorie de omeri, este o sum acordat
lunar, difereniat n funcie de stagiul de cotizare astfel:
- 75% din valoarea indicatorului social de referin n
vigoare la data stabilirii acestuia, pentru persoanele cu
un stagiu de cotizare de cel puin un an; la suma
prevzut anterior se adaug o sum calculat prin
aplicarea asupra mediei salariului de baz lunar brut pe
ultimele 12 luni de stagiu de cotizare o cot procentual
difereniat n funcie de stagiul de cotizare: 3% pentru
cel puin 3 ani; 5% pentru cel puin 5 ani; 7% pentru cel
puin 10 ani; 10 % pentru cel puin 20 ani.
Conform Ordonanei de Urgen nr. 17 din 23
februarie 2011, constituie stagiu de cotizare i perioadele
pentru care angajatorul este scutit, n condiiile legii, de
plata contribuiei datorate la bugetul asigurrilor pentru
omaj.
Indemnizaia de omaj se acord pe perioade
difereniate n funcie de stagiul de cotizare astfel: 6 luni,
pentru persoanele cu un stagiu de cotizare de cel puin
1 an; 9 luni, pentru persoanele cu un stagiu de cotizare
de cel puin 5 ani; 12 luni, pentru persoanele cu un stagiu
de cotizare mai mare de 10 ani.
b) omerii asimilai care ndeplinesc cumulativ
urmtoarele condiii:
- sunt nregistrai la ageniile pentru ocuparea forei
de munc n a cror raz teritorial i au
domiciliul;
- nu realizeaz venituri sau realizeaz din activiti
autorizate potrivit legii venituri mai mici dect
valoarea indicatorului social de referin, n vigoare;

According to the Law no.76/2002, with subsequent

amendments, the following persons receive
unemployment benefit:
a) unemployed fulfill cumulatively the following
conditions:
- have minimum 12 months contribution stage in the
last 24 months before the registration date of the
application;
- have no income or have from authorized activities
according to the law income lower than value of
social reference indicator, in force;
- do not fulfill retirement conditions according to the law;
- are registered at employment agencies in whose
jurisdiction they have domicile or by case residence
if they had last job or achieved income in that locality.
The quantum of unemployment benefit for this
unemployed category is a monthly amount differentiated
by contribution stage as follows:
- 75% of social reference indicator in force at date of
its settlement, for persons with at least one year
contribution stage; at the amount previously stipulated it
is added an amount calculated applying over the average
of monthly gross basic salary in the last 12 months of
contribution stage, a percentage quota differentiated by
contribution stage; 3% for at least 3 years; 5% for at least
5 years; 7% for at least 10 years; 10% for at least 20
years.
According to the Priority Ordinance no.17 of
February 23, 2011, contribution stage also includes the
periods for which employer is saved according to the law
of contribution payment to unemployment insurance
budget.
Unemployment benefit is granted on periods
differentiated by contribution stage as follows: 6 months,
for persons with contribution stage of at least one year;
9 months for persons with a contribution stage of at least
5 years; 12 months for persons with contribution stage
higher than 10 years.
b) unemployed assimilated fulfill cumulatively the
following conditions:
- are registered at employment agencies in whose
jurisdiction they have domicile;
- have no income or have from authorized activities
according to the law income lower than value of
social reference indicator, in force;

- nu ndeplinesc condiiile de pensionare conform

legii.
Cuantumul indemnizaiei de omaj, pentru
aceast categorie de omeri este o sum fix, lunar,
reprezentnd 50% din valoarea indicatorului social de
referin n vigoare la data stabilirii acestuia i se acord
pe o perioad de 6 luni.
Conform Legii nr. 118 din 30 iunie 2010
(actualizat), cuantumul indemnizaiei de omaj stabilit
n condiiile prevzute de lege i aflat n plat la data
intrrii in vigoare a prezentei legi sau care se stabilete
ori se repune n plat dup suspendare, potrivit
prevederilor legale se diminueaz cu 15 %.
Cheltuieli
pentru
formarea
profesional
reprezint cheltuielile efectuate pentru calificarea,
recalificarea, perfecionarea i specializarea persoanelor
aflate n cutarea unui loc de munc; formarea
profesional se realizeaz prin cursuri, stagii de practic
i specializare, organizate pe niveluri de pregtire, pe
baza planului naional de formare profesional.
Plata absolvenilor reprezint suma acordat
angajatorilor care au ncadrat n munc, pe durat
nedeterminat, absolveni ai unor instituii de nvmnt.
Suma lunar se stabilete conform Legii nr. 76/2002 art. 80, alin. 1 cu modificrile i completrile ulterioare.
Plile pentru stimularea omerilor care se
angajeaz nainte de expirarea perioadei de omaj
reprezint sumele pltite n completarea veniturilor
salariale omerilor (cu experien n munc i
absolvenilor instituiilor de nvmnt) conform
Legii nr. 76/2002 - art. 72 i art. 73 cu modificrile i
completrile ulterioare.
Plile pentru stimularea mobilitii forei de
munc reprezint sumele acordate ca prime de
ncadrare persoanelor (omere) care se ncadreaz n
munc nainte de expirarea perioadei n care beneficiaz
de indemnizaie de omaj, ntr-o localitate situat la o
distan mai mare de 50 km de localitatea n care i au
domiciliul stabil i ca prime de instalare persoanelor
(omere) care se ncadreaz n munc nainte de
expirarea perioadei n care beneficiaz de indemnizaie
de omaj, ntr-o alt localitate i, ca urmare a acestui
fapt, i schimb domiciliul. Primele de ncadrare i de
instalare se stabilesc conform Legii nr. 76/2002 - art. 74,
75, 76 cu modificrile i completrile ulterioare.
Plile pentru stimularea angajatorilor care
ncadreaz omeri din categoria defavorizai
reprezint sumele acordate angajatorilor care au
ncadrat n munc, pe durat nederminat, absolveni
din rndul persoanelor cu handicap. Suma lunar se
stabilete conform Legii nr. 76/2002 - art. 80, alin. 2, cu
modificrile i completrile ulterioare.

- do not fulfill the retirement conditions according to

the law.
The quantum of unemployment benefit for this
unemployed category is a fixed monthly amount
representing 50% of value of social reference indicator
in force at date of its settlement and is granted during
6 months period.
According to the Law no.118 of June 30, 2010
(updated) the quantum of unemployment benefit set up
under the conditions stipulated by the law and paid at
date of coming into force of this law or which is set up or
paid after suspension, according to legal stipulations is
diminished by 15%.
Expenditure for vocational training represent
expenditure for the qualification, re-qualification, training
and specialization of persons looking for a job; vocational
training is done by means of courses, practice and
specialization stages, organized by training levels, based
on the national plan of vocational training.
Graduates remuneration represents the amounts
granted to the employers who employed graduates of
educational institutions, for indefinite duration. The
monthly amount granted is established based on Law no.
76/2002 - art. 80, alin. 1, with subsequent amendments.
Incentives for unemployed getting employed
before expiring their unemployment period represent
the amounts paid to complete salary income for
unemployed (with work experience and to graduates of
educational units) according to the Law no. 76/2002 art. 72 and art. 73, with subsequent amendments.
Incentives for labour force mobility represents the
amounts granted as tax free employment bonuses for
persons (unemployed) who get employed before expiring
their period of receiving unemployment benefit in one
locality situated at over 50 km far from their stable
domicile locality and as installation bonuses for the
persons (unemployed) who get employed before expiring
their period of receiving unemployment benefit, into
another locality and therefore change their domicile. The
employment and installation bonuses are established
according to Law no. 76/2002 - art. 74, 75, 76, with
subsequent amendments.
Incentives for employers who hire unfavoured
unemployed represent the amounts granted to
employers who employed, for indefinite duration,
graduates among disabled persons. The monthly amount
is established according to the Law no. 76/2002 - art. 80,
alin. 2, with subsequent amendments.

Plile compensatorii efectuate n cadrul

programelor de restructurare, privatizare i lichidare
reprezint sumele acordate persoanelor crora li s-au
desfcut contractele individuale de munc ca urmare
a concedierilor colective (O.G. nr. 7/1998 i O.U.G. nr.
98/1999 cu modificrile i completrile ulterioare).
Alte cheltuieli cuprind sumele acordate sub form
de credite ntreprinderilor mici i mijlocii pentru nfiinarea
de noi locuri de munc, precum i cele necesare
administrrii fondului pentru plata ajutorului de omaj.
Conform metodologiei LMP, intervenia public pe
piaa muncii reprezint intervenia public ce are ca scop
atingerea unei funcionri eficiente i corectarea
dezechilibrelor aprute pe piaa muncii. Interveniile
publice se disting de celelalte intervenii ale
administraiei publice prin faptul c sunt destinate unor
grupuri particulare de persoane considerate ca de
interes pentru buna funcionare a pieei muncii.
Interveniile publice sunt de urmtoarele tipuri:
Servicii privind piaa muncii - se refer la
interveniile pe piaa muncii adresate persoanelor
(participanilor) aflate n cutarea unui loc de munc,
fr modificarea statutului lor pe piaa muncii, ci
doar n scopul mijlocirii gsirii unui loc de munc.
Msuri privind piaa muncii (msuri active) - se
refer la interveniile pe piaa muncii privind
participanii a cror principal activitate este cutarea
activ a unui loc de munc i care se finalizeaz prin
modificarea statutului lor pe piaa muncii.
Suporturi financiare privind piaa muncii (msuri
pasive) - se refer la interveniile care furnizeaz
indivizilor asisten financiar, direct sau indirect,
pentru persoanele dezavantajate pe piaa muncii.
Transferurile ctre indivizi - reprezint cheltuielile
publice transferate direct ctre indivizi i care sunt pltite n
bani sau sub forma unei reduceri a impozitelor obligatorii.
Transferuri ctre angajatori - se refer la
cheltuielile publice transferate direct angajatorilor i care
sunt pltite n bani sau sub forma unei reduceri ale
impozitelor obligatorii.
Transferurile ctre furnizorii de servicii - sunt
cheltuielile publice transferate direct productorilor de
bunuri i/sau servicii care sunt oferite indivizilor sau
angajatorilor ca servicii directe (de exemplu formare
profesional sau consiliere) n beneficiul participanilor.
Alte cheltuieli - sunt acele cheltuieli care nu pot fi
detaliate dup tipul beneficiarului direct.

The compensations granted within the programmes

of restructuring, privatization and liquidation are the
amounts granted to those persons for whom individual
employment contracts ceased as consequence of
collective lay off (G.O. no. 7/1998 and G.P.O. no. 98/1999
with subsequent amendments and completions)
Other expenditure include the amounts granted
as credits to the small and medium enterprises to create
new jobs, as well as those needed for the management
of unemployment benefit funds.
According
to
LMP
methodology,
public
intervention on the labour market represents public
intervention aiming at efficient functioning and
disequilibria correction on the labour market. Public
interventions are different from other interventions of
general government because they are meant for special
groups of persons of interest for the good functioning of
labour market.
Public interventions are of various types:
Labour market services - refer to interventions on
the labour market for persons (participants) seeking
for a job, without changing their status on the labour
market, only in order to find a job.
Labour market measures (active measures) refer to interventions on the labour market regarding
participants whose main activity is to seek for a job
actively, and ends by changing their status on the
labour market.
Labour market financial supports (passive
measures) - refer to interventions providing financial
assistance, directly or indirectly, for disadvantaged
persons on the labour market.
Transfers to persons - represent public expenditure
directly transferred to persons paid in cash or as
discounts of compulsory taxes.
Transfers to employers - refer to public expenditure
directly transferred to employers paid in cash or as
discounts of compulsory taxes.
Transfers to providers of services - are public
expenditure directly transferred to providers of goods
and /or services for persons or employers as direct
services (for instance, vocational training or consulting)
for the benefit of participants.
Other expenditure - are those expenditure which
cannot be detailed by type of direct beneficiary.

ASIGURRI SOCIALE
Pensia medie lunar s-a calculat prin raportarea
sumelor cuvenite (conform deciziilor) pensionarilor
existeni n plat n anul de referin, la numrul mediu
lunar al acestora nmulit cu 12.
De la 1 iulie 2000, sumele cuvenite pentru calculul
pensiei medii lunare cuprind i valoarea impozitului
aferent sumelor ce depesc plafonul stabilit prin lege
(O.U.G. nr. 87/2000).
ncepnd cu 1 ianuarie 2003, sumele cuvenite drept
pensii nu mai includ contribuia pentru asigurrile sociale
de sntate (O.U.G. nr. 147/2002).
Indicele pensiei reale s-a calculat, numai pentru
pensionarii de asigurri sociale de stat, ca raport
procentual ntre indicele pensiei medii nominale i
indicele general al preurilor de consum. Pensia medie
nominal utilizat n calculul pensiei reale a
pensionarilor de asigurri sociale de stat cuprinde i
pensia suplimentar.
Pentru comparabilitatea seriei de date, ncepnd cu
1 iulie 2000, s-a dedus i valoarea impozitului.
Conform metodologiei ESSPROS, protecia social
reprezint expresia tuturor interveniilor ntreprinse de
organismele publice sau private n scopul protejrii
gospodriilor i indivizilor de consecinele unui set definit
de riscuri sociale sau nevoi, n condiiile n care nu este
implicat niciun aranjament simultan de reciprocitate sau
unul individual.
Funcia de protecie social se definete n
termenii scopului final pe care trebuie s l ating
protecia social, adic de protejare a indivizilor i
familiilor/gospodriilor mpotriva riscului social major
identificat.
Prestaiile de protecie social se clasific pe opt
funcii de protecie social, corespunztoare celor opt
riscuri sociale majore identificate de ESSPROS.
Funciile de protecie social sunt:
boal/ngrijirea sntii;
invaliditate;
limit de vrst;
urma;
familie/copii;
omaj;
locuin;
excluziune social (neclasificat n alt parte).
Cheltuielile de protecie social cuprind:
cheltuieli cu prestaiile sociale;
costuri administrative;
alte tipuri de cheltuieli (de exemplu: dobnzi bancare
n conexiune cu fondurile sociale).

SOCIAL INSURANCE
Monthly average pension has been computed as a
ratio between the amounts granted (in accordance with the
pension decision) to the pensioners on payment during the
reference year, and their monthly average number
multiplied by 12.
Since July 1, 2000, the amounts for the calculation
of monthly average pension also comprise the value of
tax for the amounts exceeding the threshold set up by
the Law (G.P.O. no. 87/2000).
Starting with January 1, 2003, amounts representing
pensions do not include anymore health social insurance
contribution (G.P.O. no. 147/2002).
Real pension index has been calculated, only for
state social insurance pensioners, as a percentage ratio
between nominal average pension index and general
consumer price index. Nominal average pension used
for the calculation of real pension of state social
insurance pensioners contains supplementary pension
as well.
For the data series comparability, beginning with
July 1, 2000, the value of tax is also deducted.
According to ESSPROS methodology, social
protection represents the expression of all interventions
of public or private bodies in order to protect the
households and persons against the consequences of a
set of social risks or needs, if no simultaneous mutual or
individual arrangement is involved.
Social protection function is defined in terms of
final purpose for social protection, namely to protect
persons and families/ households against major social
risk identified.
Provisions of social protection are divided into eight
functions of social protection, according to those eight
major social risks identified by ESSPROS.
Social protection functions are:
sickness/health care;
disability;
old age;
survivor;
family/children;
unemployment;
housing;
social exclusion / non-classified elsewhere).
Expenditure for social protection include:
expenditure for social protection benefits;
administrative costs;
other types of expenditure (for instance, bank
interests related to social funds);

Cheltuieli cu prestaiile sociale reprezint

valoarea resurselor de protecie social alocate
beneficiarilor n numerar sau n natur (bunuri i/sau
servicii).
Costuri administrative reprezint cheltuielile pe
care le implic organizarea i administrarea schemelor
de protecie social.
Prestaiile dependente de un prag al venitului
sunt cele care se acord condiionat, respectiv dac
nivelul venitului beneficiarului se situeaz sub un prag
prestabilit.
Prestaiile independente de un prag al venitului
sunt cele care se acord necondiionat de nivelul
veniturilor beneficiarului.

Expenditure for social protection benefits

represent the value of social protection resources
allocated to the beneficiaries in cash or in kind (goods
and/or services).
Administrative costs represent the expenditure for
the organization and administration of social protection
schemes.
Means - tested benefits are conditioned provisions,
respectively if the level of the beneficiary income is under
a preset threshold.

ASISTENA SOCIAL

SOCIAL ASSISTANCE

Asistena social, component a sistemului

naional de protecie social, desemneaz un asamblu
de instituii, programe, msuri, activiti profesionalizate,
servicii specializate de protejare a persoanelor,
grupurilor, comunitilor, cu probleme speciale, aflate
temporar n dificultate, care datorit unor motive de
natur economic, socio-cultural, biologic sau
psihologic nu au posibilitatea de a realiza prin mijloace
i eforturi proprii, un mod normal, decent de via.
Potrivit Legii asistenei sociale nr. 292/20111)
sistemul naional de asisten social cuprinde
beneficiile de asisten social i serviciile sociale
acordate n vederea dezvoltrii capacitilor individuale
sau colective pentru asigurarea nevoilor sociale,
creterea calitii vieii i promovarea principiilor de
coeziune i incluziune social.
Beneficiile (prestaiile) de asisten social
reprezint o form de suplimentare sau de substituire a
veniturilor individuale / familiale obinute din munc, n
vederea asigurrii unui nivel de trai minimal, precum i o
form de sprijin n scopul promovrii incluziunii sociale i
creterii calitii vieii anumitor categorii de persoane ale
cror drepturi sociale sunt prevzute expres de lege.
Acestea se refer la:
- beneficii de asisten social pentru prevenirea i
combaterea srciei i riscului de excluziune
social;
- beneficii de asisten social pentru susinerea
copilului i familiei;
- beneficii de asisten social pentru sprijinirea
persoanelor cu nevoi speciale;
- beneficii de asisten social pentru situaii
deosebite.

Social assistance, component of national social

protection system, means a whole of institutions,
programs, measures, professional activities, specialized
services protecting persons, groups, communities, with
special problems, temporarily under difficulty, which due
to economic, socio-cultural, biological or psychological
reasons could not achieve a normal decent living by own
means and efforts.

Non-means tested benefits are unconditioned

provisions by the level of the beneficiary income.

According to social assistance Law no.292/20111),

the national social assistance system includes social
assistance benefits and social services in order to
develop individual or collective capacities to assure
social needs, increase in life quality and promote social
inclusion and cohesion principles.
Social assistance benefits (provisions)
represent a type of supplementing or substitution of
individual / family income in order to assure a minimal
living standard, as well as a type of support in order to
promote social inclusion and increase in life quality for
certain categories of persons whose social rights are
stipulated in this law.
They refer to:
- social assistance benefits to prevent and combat
poverty and social exclusion risk;
- social assistance benefits to support the child
and family;
- social assistance benefits to support persons
with special needs;
- social assistance benefits for special situations.

1) Legea asistenei sociale nr. 292 / 2011 asigur cadrul legal i instituional unitar coordonat prin care sunt stabilite principiile i regulile

generale de acordare a msurilor de asisten social, precum i criteriile de organizare i funcionare a sistemului, n vederea asigurrii
condiiilor adecvate pentru elaborarea i implementarea politicilor publice sectoriale din domeniul asistenei sociale.
Social assistance Law no. 292/2011 ensures legal and institutional unitary and coordinated framework by which general rules and
principles are set up to grant measures of social assistance, as well as the criteria of the system organisation and functioning, in order to
assure adequate conditions to elaborate and implement sector public policies in the field of social assistance.

Beneficiile de asisten social se acord n bani

sau n natur i cuprind: alocaii, indemnizaii, ajutoare
sociale i faciliti.
Alocaiile familiale sprijin familia n vederea
educaiei i ntreinerii copiilor.
Ajutoarele sociale se acord persoanelor sau
familiilor aflate n dificultate i ale cror venituri sunt
insuficiente pentru acoperirea nevoilor minime de
via.
Indemnizaiile au ca rol favorizarea incluziunii sociale
i asigurarea unei viei autonome, iar indemnizaiile
cu caracter reparatoriu se acord persoanelor i,
dup caz, familiilor acestora, care au suferit daune
n urma unor evenimente socio-politice sau legate
de catastrofe i calamiti naturale, recunoscute
prin lege.
Serviciile sociale reprezint activitatea sau ansamblul
de activiti realizate pentru a rspunde nevoilor sociale,
precum i celor speciale, individuale, familiale sau de grup,
n vederea depirii situaiilor de dificultate, prevenirii i
combaterii riscului de excluziune social, promovrii
incluziunii sociale i creterii calitii vieii.
Serviciile sociale se clasific dup:
 scop - n servicii de asisten i suport pentru
asigurarea nevoilor de baz ale persoanei, servicii
de ngrijire personal, de recuperare / reabilitare, de
inserie/reinserie social etc.;
 categorii de beneficiari - n servicii sociale destinate
copilului i familiei, persoanelor cu dizabiliti,
persoanelor vrstnice, victimelor violenei n familie,
persoanelor fr adpost, persoanelor cu diferite
adicii, respectiv consum de alcool, droguri, alte
substane toxice, jocuri de noroc etc., victimelor
traficului de persoane, persoanelor private de
libertate, omerilor de lung durat etc.;
 regim de asistare (rezidenial / nerezidenial) - n servicii
cu cazare, pe perioad determinat / nedeterminat:
centre rezideniale, locuine protejate, adposturi de
noapte;
 locul de acordare (la domiciul beneficiarului, n
centre de zi, n centre rezideniale, la domiciul
persoanei care acord serviciul, n comunitate);
 regimul juridic al furnizorului de servicii sociale n
servicii publice sau private;
 regimul de acordare n servicii acordate n regim
normal sau special.
n scopul prevenirii, limitrii sau nlturrii efectelor
temporare ori permanente ale unor situaii care pot
genera marginalizarea sau excluziunea social a
persoanei, familiei, grupurilor ori comunitilor se acord
att beneficii universale ct i adresate n mod specific
unor categorii de persoane, sub form de alocaii,
indemnizaii i ajutoare:

Social assistance benefits are granted in cash or

in kind and include allowances, social aids and facilities.

Family allowances support the family for children

education and taking care.
Social aids are granted to persons or families under
difficulty and whose income are insufficient to cover
minimum living needs.
Benefits are meant to favour social inclusion and
assure an autonomous life, while reparatory
benefits are granted to persons or their families,
which suffered injuries following some socio-political
events or related to catastrophies or natural
calamities, recognized by the law.

Social services represent the activity or all the activities

to meet social needs, as well as special ones, individual,
family or group needs, in order to overrun difficult
situations, prevent or combat social exclusion risk,
promote social inclusion and increase in life quality.
Social services are classified by:
purpose - in assistance and support services to
assure persons basic needs, personal care services,
recovery / rehabilitation, social insertion/reinsertion
a.s.o.;
 categories of beneficiaries - in social services for
child and family, disabled persons, elderly persons,
victims of family violence, homeless persons,
persons with various addictions, respectively
alcohol, drugs, other dangerous substances,
gambling a.s.o., victims of persons traffic, persons
deprived of liberty, long term unemployed a.s.o.;


assistance regime (residential / non-residential) - in

accommodation services, for definite / indefinite
period: residential centers, protected dwellings, night
shelters;
 to provide (at beneficiary residence, in day centers,
in residential centers, at persons domicile who
provides the service, in community);
 legal regime of social service supplier in public or
private services;
 grant scheme in services of normal or special
regime.
In order to prevent, limit or replace temporary or
permanent effects of some situations which can
generate the marginalization or social exclusion of
person, family, groups or communities, there are granted
both universal benefits and addressed specifically some
categories of persons, as allowances, indemnities and
aid:

pentru familiile cu copii:

- alocaia de stat pentru copii;
- indemnizaia pentru creterea copilului;
- stimulentul acordat n cazul n care mama sau
tatl care ar avea dreptul la concediu de cretere
a copilului realizeaz venituri profesionale;
- alocaia pentru susinerea familiei;
- alocaia lunar de plasament.
pentru persoanele i familiile cu venituri mici:
- ajutorul social pentru asigurarea venitului
minim garantat, ajutoare de urgen, ajutoare de
nmormntare;
- ajutoare de nclzire.
pentru persoanele cu handicap - o serie de beneficii
destinate adulilor i copiilor cu handicap.
Indicatorul social de referin (ISR) reprezint
unitatea exprimat n lei la nivelul creia se raporteaz
beneficiile de asisten social, suportate din bugetul de
stat, acordate att n vederea asigurrii proteciei
persoanelor n cadrul sistemului de asisten social, ct i
n vederea stimulrii persoanelor beneficiare ale sistemului
de asisten social, pentru a se ncadra n munc.
Alocaia de stat pentru copii 2) are caracter
universal i este acordat copiilor n vrst de pn la 18
ani, precum i tinerilor care au mplinit vrsta de 18 ani,
care urmeaz cursurile nvmntului liceal sau
profesional, organizate n condiiile legii, pn la
terminarea acestora.
Alocaia lunar de plasament 3) se acord pentru
fiecare copil fa de care s-a luat msura plasamentului.
Alocaia pentru susinerea familiei 4)
Beneficiul a fost instituit de Legea nr.277/2010 privind
alocaia pentru susinerea familiei i se adreseaz
familiilor ce au n ngrijire copii i realizeaz venituri mai
mici dect valoarea unui prag stabilit de lege.
Cuantumurile acesteia variaz, n funcie de
componena familiei (familie cu ambii prini i familie
monoparental) i veniturile acesteia.
Indemnizaia lunar de hran pentru persoanele
infectate cu HIV sau bolnave de SIDA
Beneficiaz de indemnizaie lunar de hran adulii i
copiii infectai cu HIV sau bolnavii de SIDA, att pe
durata internrii, ct i n ambulatoriu.
Indemnizaia pentru creterea copilului i
stimulentul lunar
Actul normativ care a instituit aceste beneficii de
asisten social este Ordonana de Urgen a
Guvernului nr.148/2005 privind susinerea familiei n
vederea creterii copilului.

family with children:

- state allowance for children;
- benefit for child care;
- incentive in case the mother or father who is in
charge with child care leave gets professional
income;
- allowance for family support;
- placement monthly allowance.
for small income persons and families:
- social allowance to assure minimum guaranteed
income, priority aid, funeral aid;

- heating aid.
for persons with disabilities several benefits for
disabled adults and children.
Reference social indicator (RSI) represents the unit
in lei related to social assistance benefits, from state
budget, both to assure the protection of persons within
social assistance system, and to stimulate the persons
beneficiary of social assistance system, to get a job.

2)

Children state allowance has universal character

and it is granted to the children under 18 years, as well
as to those who are 18 years old, who attend high school
or vocational schools, organized under legal conditions,
till graduation.
Placement monthly allowance 3) is granted for each
child who is under placement.
Family support allowance 4)
This benefit was instituted by the law no.277/2010
regarding the family support allowance and addresses
the families taking care of children and get lower income
compared to the value of legal threshold. It amounts vary
depending on the family structure (families with both
parents and monoparental families) and its income.
Food monthly benefit for AIDS infected or sick
persons
AIDS infected or sick adults and children benefit of this
benefit both during hospitalization and ambulatory.
Child care benefit and monthly incentive
Normative document which instituted these social
assistance benefits is Government Priority Ordinance
no.148/2005 regarding family support for child care.

2) Legea nr.61/1993 privind alocaia de stat pentru copii, cu modificrile i completrile ulterioare.

Law no.61/1993 regarding children state allowance, with further amendments.

3) Legea nr.272/2004 privind protecia i promovarea drepturilor copilului, cu modificrile i completrile ulterioare.

Law no. 272/2004 regarding protection and promotion of child rights, with further amendments.
4) Legea nr.277/2010 privind alocaia pentru susinerea familiei, cu modificrile i completrile ulterioare.

Law no.277/2010 regarding family support allowance, with further amendments.

La sfritul anului 2010 a fost adoptat Ordonana de

Urgen a Guvernului nr.111/2010 privind concediul i
indemnizaia lunar pentru creterea copiilor, care a
adus o serie de modificri i completri, ncepnd cu 1
ianuarie 2011.
Venitul minim garantat (VMG) este unul din cele
mai importante programe de promovare a incluziunii
sociale i de combatere a srciei. Actul normativ care
reglementeaz acest program este Legea nr.416/2001
privind venitul minim garantat, cu completrile i
modificrile ulterioare. Potrivit acestei legi, venitul minim
garantat se asigur prin acordarea unui ajutor social
lunar, pe baz de cerere i declaraie pe propria
rspundere, nsoite de actele doveditoare privind
componena familiei i veniturile membrilor acesteia,
cerere care se nregistreaz la primria localitii sau,
dup caz, a sectorului municipiului Bucureti.
Valoarea ajutorului social lunar se calculeaz ca
diferen ntre nivelul venitului minim garantat prevzut
de lege i venitul net lunar al familiei sau al persoanei
singure.
Persoana cu handicap este acea persoan creia
mediul social, neadaptat deficienei ei fizice, senzoriale,
psihice, mentale i/sau asociate, o mpiedic total sau i
limiteaz accesul cu anse egale la viaa societii,
necesitnd msuri de protecie n sprijinul integrrii i
incluziunii sociale.
Beneficii (prestaii) destinate persoanelor
cu handicap 5)
Pentru adulii cu handicap grav i accentuat s-a
acordat o indemnizaie lunar, indiferent de venituri:

pentru adultul cu handicap grav;

pentru adultul cu handicap accentuat.

Principalele criterii pe baza crora se acord
prestaiile sociale sunt urmtoarele:
- evaluarea contextului familial;
- veniturile solicitantului sau ale familiei acestuia;
- condiiile de locuit;
- starea de sntate i gradul de dependen.

At the end of 2010 was adopted Government Priority

Ordinance no.111/2010 regarding the leave and monthly
indemnity for children care, with further modifications
and completions since January 1, 2011.
Minimum guaranteed income (MGI) is one of the
most important programs promoting social inclusion and
fighting against poverty. The normative document which
regulates this program is the Law no.416/2001 regarding
minimum guaranteed income, with further amendments.
According to this law, minimum guaranteed income is
given by a monthly social aid, based on request and
declaration on own responsibility, accompanied by proof
documents about family structure and income of its
members, the request being registered at the locality
town hall or by case, of Bucharest municipality sector.
The value of monthly social aid is calculated as
difference between minimum guaranteed income
stipulated by the law and monthly net income of family or
single person.
Disabled person is that person whose social
environment, not adapted to his physical, sensorial,
psychical, mental and/ or associated deficiency, totally
prevent or limit his access with equal chances in the
society life, needing protection measures to support
social integration and inclusion.
5)
Benefits (provisions) for disabled persons
For adults with severe and accentuated disability, a
monthly benefit was granted, no matter of income:

for severe disabled adult;

for accentuated disabled adult.

Here are the main criteria based on which the
social provisions are granted:
- evaluation of family context;
- person or family income;
- living conditions;
- health status and dependence degree.

5) Legea nr. 448/2006 privind protecia i promovarea drepturilor persoanelor cu handicap, cu modificrile i completrile ulterioare.

Law no.448/2006 regarding protection and promotion of disabled persons, with further amendments.

6.G1

Evoluia numrului mediu al pensionarilor

Evolution of average number of pensioners

mii persoane / thou persons

7000
6000

5745 5726

5701 5685

5689 5676

5675 5664

5589 5580

5487 5480

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0

Pensionari - total
Pensioners - total

6.G2

Pensionari de asigurri sociale

Social insurance pensioners

Evoluia numrului mediu al pensionarilor de asigurri sociale

Evolution of average number of social insurance pensioners

mii persoane / thou persons

5000

4794

4643

4819

4664

4877

4718

4927

4767

4903

4744

4861

4702

4000
3000
2000
1000
0

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Pensionari de asigurri sociale (exclusiv agricultori)

Social insurance pensioners (excluding farmers)
Pensionari de asigurri sociale de stat
State social insurance pensioners

2012

Evoluia pensiei medii lunare

Evolution of monthly average pension

6.G3

lei / persoan / lei person

800

711

700

593

600
500

399

400
300

389

200

159

686

773

739

753

717

778
774

573
253

300

309

311

313

2009

2010

2011

2012

100
0

2007

2008

Pensionari de asigurri sociale

Social insurance pensioners

Pensionari de asigurri sociale de stat

State social insurance pensioners

Pensionari de asigurri sociale - agricultori

Social insurance pensioners - farmers

Evoluia pensiei medii nominale i reale

Evolution of nominal and real average pension

6.G4

anul precedent = 100 / previous year = 100

150

144,7

140
130
120

128,7
134,1

118,3

122,8

110

112,0

103,5

100
0
2007

2008

2009

100,8

97,5

95,3

2010

2011

Indicele pensiei nominale

Nominal pension index
Indicele pensiei reale
Real pension index

103,4
100,1
2012

SECURITATE I ASISTEN SOCIAL

PROTECIA SOCIAL A OMERILOR
6.1 Cheltuielile cu protecia social a omerilor
6.2 Indemnizaii de omaj
6.3 Cheltuielile publice pe piaa muncii, pe categorii de cheltuieli i
tipuri de intervenii publice
ASIGURRI SOCIALE
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9

Numrul mediu al pensionarilor

Pensia medie lunar
Pensionarii de asigurri sociale de stat, dup nivelul pensiei, la 31 decembrie 2012
Indicii pensiei medii reale a pensionarilor de asigurri sociale de stat
Biletele pentru tratament balnear i odihn acordate prin asigurrile sociale
Biletele pentru tratament balnear acordate prin asigurrile sociale de stat,
pe staiuni balneoclimaterice
ASISTEN SOCIAL

6.10 Alocaii i alte ajutoare acordate populaiei

6.11 Numrul centrelor de plasament funcionale i al serviciilor alternative
(la sfritul anului)
6.12 Numrul copiilor din centrele de plasament, pe grupe de vrst (la sfritul anului)
6.13 Unitile din nvmntul special (la nceputul anului colar)
6.14 Minorii cu deficiene din instituiile de asisten social pentru persoanele adulte
cu handicap (la sfritul anului)
6.15 Copiii i elevii din nvmntul special, dup nivelul de educaie i
pe vrste (la nceputul anului colar)
6.16 Elevii din nvmntul special, primar i gimnazial, pe tipuri de uniti
(la nceputul anului colar)
6.17 Instituii de asisten social pentru persoanele adulte cu handicap
(la sfritul anului)
6.18 Numrul beneficiarilor din sistemul de protecie a copilului aflat n dificultate
6.19 Persoane cu handicap asistate n instituiile publice de asisten social pentru
persoanele adulte cu handicap, la 31 decembrie 2012
6.20 Cheltuielile pentru protecia social a persoanelor cu handicap,
neinstituionalizate
6.21 Veniturile i cheltuielile de protecie social
6.22 Cheltuielile de protecie social, pe categorii de cheltuieli i
pe funcii de protecie social
6.23 Ponderea cheltuielilor din cadrul fiecrei funcii de prestaie social,
n totalul cheltuielilor cu prestaiile sociale i n Produsul Intern Brut
TERITORIAL
6.24 Cheltuielile cu protecia social a omerilor, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
6.25 Numrul mediu al pensionarilor i pensia medie lunar de asigurri
sociale de stat, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
6.26 Cantine sociale n subordinea consiliilor locale, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
6.27 Alocaia de stat pentru copii, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
6.28 Indemnizaia pentru creterea copilului i stimulentul lunar, n profil teritorial,
n anul 2012
6.29 Alocaia pentru susinerea familiei, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
6.30 Subvenii pentru asociaii i fundaii, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
6.31 Ajutoare sociale pentru asigurarea venitului minim garantat, n profil teritorial,
n anul 2012
6.32 Prestaii acordate persoanelor cu handicap, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
6.33 Indemnizaia lunar de hran pentru persoanele infectate cu HIV
sau bolnave de SIDA, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
6.34 Cantine sociale constituite de organizaii neguvernamentale sau
ali reprezentani ai societii civile, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
6.35 Cmine pentru persoane vrstnice, n subordinea consiliilor locale,
n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
6.36 Cmine pentru persoane vrstnice, nfiinate de organizaii neguvernamentale,
n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
6.37 Cmine pentru persoane vrstnice, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012

SNTATE

HEALTH

SURSA DATELOR
Cercetri statistice:

 Cercetri statistice realizate n unitile sanitare.

Surse administrative:

DATA SOURCE
Statistical surveys:

 Statistical surveys carried out in sanitary units.

Administrative sources:

 Ministerul Sntii, pentru datele privind: numrul

 Ministry of Health, for data on: the number of new

cazurilor noi de mbolnvire, numrul pacienilor

ieii din spital, pentru perioada 2007-2009;
activitatea de recoltare i conservare a sngelui;
distribuia cazurilor de SIDA nregistrate;

cases of diseases; the number of discharged

patients for 2007-2009 period; blood collecting and
preserving; breakdown of registered AIDS cases;

 coala Naional de Sntate Public, Management

 National School of Public Health and Management,

i Perfecionare n Domeniul Sanitar, pentru datele

privind numrul pacienilor ieii din spital, ncepnd
cu anul 2010.

for data on the number of discharged patients,

beginning with 2010.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

Reeaua unitilor sanitare este urmrit att pentru

sectorul majoritar de stat, ct i pentru cel privat, datele
reflectnd situaia nregistrat la sfritul anului. Tabelul
privind ,,cazurile noi de mbolnvire pe clase de boli,
declarate de medicii de familie se refer numai la
datele raportate de medicii de familie care au contract cu
Casa Naional de Asigurri de Sntate. Datele din
tabelul privind ,,numrul pacienilor ieii din spital, pe
clase de boli, pentru perioada 2007-2009, se refer
numai la unitile din sectorul majoritar de stat (numai
reeaua Ministerului Sntii). ncepnd din anul 2010,
datele din acest tabel se refer att la unitile din sectorul
de stat ct i la cele din sectorul privat.
n numrul unitilor sanitare nu sunt incluse
cabinetele medicale din structura proprie a spitalelor, a
societilor medicale civile, a policlinicilor, centrelor de
diagnostic i tratament, centrelor medicale de specialitate,
ambulatoriilor integrate spitalelor i de specialitate, a
centrelor de sntate, a societilor stomatologice civile
medicale i a societilor civile medicale de specialitate.
n numrul personalului sanitar cu studii
superioare sunt evideniai separat medicii, stomatologii
i farmacitii.
n numrul personalului sanitar mediu sunt
inclui: asisteni medicali; asisteni de farmacie, surori
medicale; tehnicieni sanitari; oficiani medicali; moae;
laborani i alte categorii de personal sanitar cu studii
medii asimilate.
n numrul personalului sanitar auxiliar sunt
inclui: infirmiere, ageni DDD (dezinsecie, dezinfecie,
deratizare), brancardieri, biei, gipsari, nmolari,
ambulanieri i alte categorii de personal asimilat.
n numrul paturilor de spital sunt incluse i cele
pentru nou nscui din spitalele sau seciile de obstetricginecologie; nu sunt incluse paturile pentru nsoitori.

The network of sanitary units is observed both for

the public majority sector and the private one, the data
reflecting the situation registered at the end of the year.
The table concerning new cases of illness, by disease
classes declared by family doctors, refer only to the
data reported by family doctors that have contracts with
the National House of Health Insurance. Data in the table
concerning number of discharged patients by
disease classes, for 2007-2009 period, refer only to the
public majority sectors units (only Ministry of Health
network). Beginning with 2010, the data of the table refer
both to the state majority sector and the private one.
The number of sanitary units does not include
offices from own structure of: hospitals, medical civil
societies, polyclinics, diagnosis and curative centers,
health specialized centers, integrated ambulatories of
the hospitals and specialized ambulatories, health care
centers, medical dentist civil societies, medical
specialized civil societies.
The number of medical-sanitary staff with higher
education is broken down by physicians, dentists and
pharmacists.
The number of ancillary medical staff includes:
medical assistants; pharmacy assistants, medical
nurses; sanitary technicians; medical officiants;
midwives; laboratory assistants and other categories of
medical staff with equivalent secondary school degrees.
The number of auxiliary medical staff includes:
sick nurses, DDR staff (disinsection, disinfection,
raticide), stretcher bearers, washers, gypsum, mud,
ambulance staff and other categories of similar staff.
The number of hospital beds also includes the beds
for newborn children in hospitals or obstetrics-gynaecology
ward; beds for accompanying persons are not included.

n numrul paturilor de spital:

la specialitatea interne sunt incluse paturile pentru:
interne (inclusiv paturile de pneumologie
netuberculoas din interne), endocrinologie, boli
profesionale, cardiologie, reumatologie, diabet
zaharat, nutriie i boli metabolice, gastroenterologie,
hematologie i nefrologie;
la specialitatea chirurgie sunt incluse paturile
pentru: chirurgie general; chirurgie maxilofacial;
chirurgie infantil; chirurgie plastic i reparatorie;
chirurgie cardiovascular; neurochirurgie; chirurgie
toracic; chirurgie endocrin; chirurgie oncologic;
ortopedie-traumatologie i urologie;
la specialitatea psihiatrie i neuropsihiatrie sunt
incluse paturile pentru psihiatrie i paturile pentru
recuperare neuro - psiho - motorie;
la specialitatea tuberculoz i pneumologie sunt
incluse paturile de pneumologie netuberculoas din
seciile TBC i paturile de pneumologie TBC;
la specialitatea pediatrie sunt incluse paturile
pentru pediatrie, distrofici (recuperare pediatric) i
pneumologie netuberculoas din pediatrie;
la alte specialiti medicale sunt incluse paturile
pentru cronici, geriatrie i gerontologie, medicin
general i alte secii.
n numrul paturilor de spital pentru copii sunt
cuprinse att paturile din spitalele i seciile de pediatrie,
ct i cele pentru copiii din alte spitale.

The number of hospital beds for:

internal medicine includes beds for: internal
medicine (including beds for non tubercular
pneumology from internal medicine), endocrinology,
professional diseases, cardiology, rheumatology,
diabetes, nutritional and metabolic diseases, gastroenterology, haematology and nephrology;
surgery includes beds for: general surgery; jaw -face
surgery;
infant
surgery;
plastic
surgery;
cardiovascular surgery; neurosurgery; thoracic
surgery; endocrine surgery; oncologic surgery;
orthopaedics-traumatology and urology;
psychiatry and neuropsychiatry includes beds for
psychiatry and neuro - psycho - motor recovery;
tuberculosis and pulmonology includes beds for
non tubercular pulmonology from TB wards and
beds for TB pulmonology.
pediatrics includes beds for pediatrics distrophics
(pediatric recovery) and non tubercular pulmonology
from pediatrics;
other medical speciality includes beds for chronic
ill persons, geriatrics, gerontology, general medicine
and other hospital wards.
The number of hospital beds for children covers
the beds from pediatrics hospitals and departments, as
well as those for children from other hospitals.

Evoluia principalelor uniti sanitare

Evolution of main sanitary units

7.G1

numr uniti / number of units

14000

12904

12000

11048

10000

11151

10532

9712
8456

8370

8000

6906

6000
4000
2000

447 263

473 282

272

313

2007

2012
Cabinete stomatologice
Dentist offices

Spitale
Hospitals
Policlinici
Polyclinics

Farmacii i puncte farmaceutice

Pharmacies and pharmaceutical points

Cabinete medicale de familie

Family doctors offices
Cabinete medicale de specialitate
Health specialized offices

Cree
Crches

Evoluia principalelor categorii de personal medico-sanitar

Evolution of main categories of medical-sanitary staff

7.G2

mii persoane / thou persons

150

136

132

130

127

126

120

125

90
60
30
0

50

48

54

53

52

50

12 11

12 12

12 12

13 14

13 15

14 15

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Medici (exclusiv stomatologi)

Physicians (excluding dentists)

Farmaciti
Pharmaceutical chemists

Stomatologi
Dentists

Personal sanitar mediu

Ancillary medical staff

7.G3

Paturile din unitile sanitare

Beds from sanitary units
paturi la 1000 locuitori
beds per 1000 inhabitants

mii paturi / thou beds

160

6,8

6,7

6,6

6,5

140

6,5

6,4

120

100
138,9

138,2

138,0

80

132,0

129,6

128,5

60

40

20
0

2007

2009

2008

2010

2011

2012

Paturi la 1000 locuitori

Beds for 1000 inhabitants

Paturi
Beds

Not: Pentru perioada 2007 - 2011 s-a utilizat populaia rezident (stabil) la 1 iulie a fiecrui an, estimat n condiii de comparabilitate cu
rezultatele definitive ale Recensmntului Populaiei i al Locuinelor - 2011.
Pentru anul 2012 s-a utilizat populaia rezident (stabil) la 1 ianuarie, estimat n condiii de comparabilitate cu rezultatele
definitive ale Recensmntului Populaiei i al Locuinelor - 2011.
Note: For the period 2007 - 2011, the usual resident population on July 1st of each year was used, estimated under comparability
conditions with the final results of the Population and Housing Census - 2011.
For the year 2012, the usual resident population on January 1st was used, estimated under comparability conditions with the final
results of the Population and Housing Census - 2011.

7.G4

Cazuri noi de mbolnvire prin boli infecioase

New cases of infectious diseases
mii / thou

80
70

75

74

69

77

71

68

60
50
40
30
19

20
10
0

19

18

16

15

14

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Boli diareice acute

Acute diarrhoea diseases

Hepatit viral
Viral hepatits

Tuberculoz
Tuberculosis

SNTATE
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
7.11

Unitile sanitare, pe forme de proprietate

Personalul medico-sanitar
Paturile din unitile sanitare
Paturile de spital aferente specialitilor medicale
Cazuri noi de mbolnvire prin unele boli infecioase i parazitare
Cazuri noi de mbolnvire, pe clase de boli, declarate de medicii de familie
Distribuia cazurilor de SIDA nregistrate, pe grupe de vrst,
sexe i cale de transmitere
Repartizarea persoanelor care au primit tratament, ca urmare a consumului
de droguri, pe sexe, grupe de vrst i tipuri de droguri
Numrul pacienilor ieii din spital, pe clase de boli
Asistena medical de urgen
Activitatea de recoltare i conservare a sngelui
TERITORIAL

7.12 Unitile sanitare, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012

7.13 Paturile din spitale i personalul medico-sanitar, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012

EDUCAIE

EDUCATION

SURSA DATELOR

Cercetri statistice:
Cercetri statistice realizate la nceputul i sfritul
anului colar (universitar) n unitile de nvmnt
de toate tipurile, pe forme de proprietate i niveluri
de educaie.

DATA SOURCE

Statistical surveys:
Statistical surveys carried out at the beginning and
at the end of school year (academic year) in
educational units of all types, by type of ownership
and level of education.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

Datele statistice privind numrul copiilor i elevilor

nscrii, absolvenilor i personalului didactic din
nvmntul preuniversitar (precolar, primar i
gimnazial, liceal, profesional, postliceal) cuprind i pe
cele din nvmntul special.
Profilurile, calificrile profesionale i specializrile n
care se pregtesc elevii i studenii sunt stabilite conform
prevederilor legislaiei n vigoare, referitoare la
organizarea i funcionarea nvmntului n Romnia i
pe baza Nomenclatorului profilurilor, calificrilor
profesionale i specializrilor, ntocmit de Institutul
Naional de Statistic mpreun cu Ministerul Educaiei

Data on the number of enrolled children and pupils,

graduates and teaching staff of preuniversity education
(pre-school, primary and secondary, high school, post
high school) also refer to special education.

Naionale.
Datele statistice privind nvmntul universitar
(numrul facultilor, studenii nscrii, absolvenii i
personalul didactic) includ i nvmntul superior de
scurt durat (colegii), precum i studenii strini care
studiaz n Romnia; nu sunt inclui studenii romni
care studiaz n alte ri.
Cadrele didactice sunt nregistrate o singur dat la
unitatea unde au cartea de munc/norma de baz. n
aceeai categorie sunt inclui i maitrii instructori, care
desfoar activitate instructiv-educativ n sistemul de
nvmnt.
Gradul de cuprindere n nvmnt a populaiei de
vrst colar reprezint raportul dintre numrul elevilor
dintr-o anumit grup de vrst, indiferent de nivelul de
educaie i totalul populaiei de aceeai grup de vrst.

Profiles, vocational qualifications and specializations

for pupils and students are set up according to the
stipulations of the in force legislation, referring to
education organisation and functioning in Romania and
based on Nomenclature of profiles, vocational
qualifications and specialisations, drawn up by the
National Institute of Statistics together with the Ministry
of National Education.
Statistical data on tertiary education (number of
faculties, enrolled students, graduates and teaching
staff) also include short term higher education (colleges),
as well as foreign students who study in Romania;
Romanian students who study in other countries are not
included.
Teaching staff is registered only once at the unit
where there is the work record/basic norm. Foremen
trainers who carry out training-educational activity within
the educational system are also included in the same
category.
Enrollment rate for school aged population
represents the ratio between number of pupils from a
certain age group, no matter of education level and total
population of the same age group.

271

8.G1

Personalul didactic, pe niveluri de educaie

Teaching staff, by level of education
2007/2008

2012/2013

11,5%

11,2%

13,5%

0,4%

14,3%

0,7%

2,1%

0,1%

22,3%

23,3%
50,2%

8.G2

50,4%

nvmnt precolar
Pre-school education

nvmnt profesional
Vocational education

nvmnt primar i gimnazial

Primary and secondary education

nvmnt postliceal i de maitri

Post high school and foremen education

nvmnt liceal
High school education

nvmnt superior
Tertiary education

Populaia colar, pe niveluri de educaie (exclusiv postuniversitare)

School aged population, by level of education (excluding post-university education)
%

100
80
60

20,6

20,6

18,6

16,7

14,1
2,1

12,4
2,5

1,0

1,2

1,5

1,7

44,0

43,2

43,7

44,3

45,0

44,5

19,6

19,9

20,2

20,6

21,2

25,0

14,8

15,1

16,0

16,7

17,6

15,6

2007/2008

2008/2009

2009/2010

2010/2011

2011/2012

2012/2013

40
20
0

Preprimar (precolar)
Pre-primary (pre-school)

Secundar
Secondary

Primar (clasele I-IV)

Primary (forms I-IV)

Post secundar
Post secondary
Teriar (superior)
Tertiary (higher)

8.G3

Ponderea elevilor care studiaz o limb strin (prima limb modern),

n total elevi din nvmntul preuniversitar
Weight of pupils learning a foreign language (first foreign language),
in total number of pupils from pre-university education
2007/2008

2012/2013

1,7%

3,1%
20,9%

8,7%

23,4%

0,7%

37,1%

31,9%

35,7%

36,8%

nvmnt primar
Primary education

nvmnt liceal
High school education

nvmnt gimnazial
Secondary education

nvmnt profesional
Vocational education
nvmnt postliceal i de maitri
Post high school and foremen education

8.G4

Absolvenii, pe niveluri de educaie

Graduates, by level of education
2007/2008

2011/2012

26,5%

34,4%

25,5%

29,7%

4,3%
1,6%
0,9%

14,4%

27,8%

34,9%

nvmnt gimnazial
Secondary education

nvmnt profesional
Vocational education

nvmnt liceal
High school education

nvmnt postliceal i de maitri

Post high school and foremen education
nvmnt superior
Tertiary education

8.G5

Ponderea absolvenilor din nvmntul liceal, pe tipuri de licee

Weight of high-school graduates, by type of high schools
2007/2008

2011/2012

8,9%

8,7%

12,7%

16,3%
41,8%

36,6%

41,3%

33,7%

Licee i colegii teoretice (inclusiv liceele de informatic)

Theorethical high schools and colleges (including the informatics high schools)
Licee industriale (inclusiv liceele de metrologie)
Industrial high schools (including the metrology high schools)
Licee economice i administrative
Economic and administrative high schools
Alte licee
Other high schools

8.G6

Structura studenilor, pe grupe de specializri, din nvmntul superior

Students in higher education institutes, by specialization groups
Anul universitar / Academic year
2007/2008

2012/2013

1,2%

29,3%

1,7%
19,7%

25,7%

30,1%

4,6%

32,4%
12,8%

10,5%

12,0%
20,0%

Tehnice
Technical

tiine juridice
Law science

Medico-farmaceutice
Medicine and pharmacy

Universitar-pedagogice
University-pedagogy

tiine economice
Economics

Artistice
Artistic

EDUCAIE
8.1 nvmntul pe niveluri de educaie (nvmnt de zi, seral, cu frecven redus i
deschis la distan)
8.2 Populaia colar pe niveluri de educaie i pe sexe (nvmnt de zi, seral, cu
frecven redus i deschis la distan)
8.3 Personalul didactic pe niveluri de educaie i pe sexe
8.4 Absolvenii pe niveluri de educaie (nvmnt de zi, seral, cu frecven redus i
deschis la distan)
8.5 Populaia colar pe niveluri de educaie i tipuri de coli
8.6 Gradul de cuprindere n nvmnt a populaiei de vrst colar
8.7 Elevii nscrii n nvmntul preuniversitar, dup studiul limbilor moderne
8.8 nvmntul preuniversitar, dup limba de predare (nvmnt de zi, seral i
cu frecven redus)
8.9 Numrul elevilor i absolvenilor din nvmntul liceal, pe tipuri de licee
(nvmnt de zi, seral i cu frecven redus)
8.10 nvmntul liceal, pe filiere i profiluri (nvmnt de zi, seral i cu frecven redus)
8.11 nvmntul liceal, pe profiluri (nvmnt de zi, seral, cu frecven redus i
deschis la distan)
8.12 nvmntul profesional, de ucenici, postliceal i de maitri, pe tipuri de coli i
profiluri de pregtire
8.13 nvmntul special
8.14 nvmntul superior, pe localiti (nvmnt de zi, seral, cu frecven redus i
deschis la distan)
8.15 nvmntul superior, pe grupe de specializri (nvmnt de zi, seral, cu frecven
redus i deschis la distan)
8.16 nvmntul superior din instituii private, pe localiti, n anul universitar 2012/2013
8.17 nvmntul superior din instituii private, pe grupe de specializri
8.18 nvmntul pe niveluri de educaie din instituiile private
8.19 Numrul elevilor care au promovat clasa a VIII-a i examenul de bacalaureat
(nvmnt de zi, seral i cu frecven redus)
8.20 Rata abandonului n nvmntul preuniversitar
TERITORIAL
8.21 Populaia colar, n profil teritorial i niveluri de educaie, n anul colar 2012/2013
8.22 nvmntul precolar, n profil teritorial, n anul colar 2012/2013
8.23 nvmntul primar i gimnazial, n profil teritorial, n anul colar 2012/2013
(nvmnt de zi, seral i cu frecven redus)
8.24 nvmntul liceal, n profil teritorial, n anul colar 2012/2013 (nvmnt de zi,
seral i cu frecven redus)
8.25 nvmntul profesional, n profil teritorial, n anul colar 2012/2013
(nvmnt de zi, seral i cu frecven redus)
8.26 nvmntul postliceal, n profil teritorial, n anul colar 2012/2013
(nvmnt de zi i seral)
8.27 nvmntul de maitri, n profil teritorial, n anul colar 2012/2013
(nvmnt de zi i seral)
8.28 nvmntul superior, n profil teritorial, n anul universitar 2012/2013
(nvmnt de zi, seral, cu frecven redus i deschis la distan)
8.29 Numrul elevilor care au promovat examenul de bacalaureat, n profil teritorial,
n anul colar 2011/2012 (nvmnt de zi, seral i cu frecven redus)
8.30 Absolvenii n profil teritorial i niveluri de educaie, n anul colar / universitar
2011/2012 (nvmnt de zi, seral, cu frecven redus i deschis la distan)
8.31 Rata abandonului n nvmntul preuniversitar, n profil teritorial,
n anul colar 2011/2012

CULTUR I SPORT

CULTURE AND SPORT

SURSA DATELOR




Cercetri statistice:
Cercetri statistice privind activitatea bibliotecilor, a
muzeelor i coleciilor publice, precum i a
instituiilor i companiilor de spectacole sau
concerte.
Surse administrative:
Biblioteca Naional a Romniei, pentru datele
privind intrrile n Depozitul Legal al crilor i
brourilor, ziarelor i revistelor, manualelor i
cursurilor universitare tiprite n anul de referin;
Societatea Romn de Televiziune, Centrul Naional
al Cinematografiei (R.A.D.E.F. ROMNIAFILM,
Sahiafilm, Castelfilm, Animafilm, Atlantisfilm etc.),
pentru numrul i activitatea cinematografelor,
producia, distribuia i proiecia filmelor;
Consiliul Naional al Audiovizualului, Societatea
Romn de Televiziune, Societatea Romn de
Radiodifuziune, pentru emisiunile de radio i
televiziune;
Ministerul Culturii, pentru activitatea instituiilor
publice de cultur i culte.
Autoritatea Naional pentru Sport i Tineret.

DATA SOURCE




Statistical surveys:
Statistical surveys on libraries, museums and public
collections, as well as institutions and companies for
arts performing or concerts activity.

Administrative sources:
The National Library of Romania, for data on inputs
in Legal Stock of books and booklets, newspapers
and magazines, school books and university
courses printed in the reference year;
Romanian Television Company, Cinema National
Center (R.A.D.E.F. ROMNIAFILM, Sahiafilm,
Castelfilm, Animafilm, Atlantisfilm a.s.o.), for
cinemas number and activity, film output, distribution
and projection;
Audio-visual National Council, Romanian Television
Company, Romanian Broadcasting Company, for
radio and television broadcasts;
Ministry of Culture, for public institutions of culture
and cults activity.
National Authority of Sports and Youth.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

CULTUR

CULTURE

Producia de cri i brouri cuprinde toate

publicaiile neperiodice imprimate i editate pe suport de
hrtie n ar, oferite publicului, i care ar trebui s figureze
n bibliografia naional a rii, cu excepia publicaiilor
editate n scopuri publicitare, cataloage, prospecte de
reclam comercial, industrial i turistic, publicaii care
atrag atenia asupra unor produse i servicii furnizate de
editor, publicaii cu caracter efemer: orare, tarife, anuare
telefonice, programe de spectacole, expoziii, trguri,
statute i bilanuri, calendare, opere muzicale, producie
cartografic (cu excepia atlasurilor i hrilor). n producia
de cri se mai cuprind: publicaiile oficiale ale
administraiei publice (cu excepia celor confideniale),
manualele colare, cursurile i tezele universitare, cri i
brouri reeditate, lucrri ilustrate, culegeri de gravuri i
reproduceri de art, desene, albume de cri i brouri
ilustrate, albume de benzi desenate. O publicaie este
considerat c a fost oferit publicului atunci cnd s-a
putut cumpra din comer, contra cost sau a fost oferit
gratuit.
n Numrul crilor i brourilor tiprite, intrate
n Depozitul Legal al Bibliotecii Naionale s-au
cuprins lucrrile aprute pe ntreg teritoriul rii realizate
de editurile publice i particulare, atelierele instituiilor de
nvmnt superior, oficiile de informare i documentare
cu activitate editorial.

Output of books and booklets comprises all

occasional publications printed and issued on paper in the
country for the public and which should be included in the
national bibliography, excepting publications issued for
advertising purposes, catalogues, prospects of
commercial, industrial and tourism advertisment, those
which draw attention over some products and services
supplied by the publisher, transient publications: timetables, tariffs, telephone yearbooks, shows, exhibitions
and fairs programs, statutes and balance-sheets,
calendars, musical operas, cartography output (excepting
atlases and maps). Books output also includes: official
publications of public administration (excepting
confidential ones), school books, university courses and
theses, republished books and booklets, illustrated
papers, collections of engravings and art reproductions,
designs, albums of illustrated books and booklets, albums
of cartoons. A publication is considered as released when
it could be bought on the market or when is offered free of
charge.
"Number of printed books and booklets which
entered the Legal Book Stock of the National Library"
comprises papers issued on the whole country territory
printed by public and private publishing-houses,
workshops of tertiary education institutions, information
and documentation offices.

Titlul publicaiei este utilizat ca unitate de msur

a numrului de lucrri ce se editeaz sau se public prezentat sub forma unui volum de sine stttor din
punct de vedere tipografic. n cazul ziarelor i revistelor
se consider ca titlu denumirea separat a fiecrui ziar
sau revist.
Tirajul este numrul exemplarelor n care s-a tiprit
o carte, o brour, un ziar sau revist, sau orice alt
tipritur.
Noiunile utilizate au urmtoarele semnificaii:
Cartea reprezint publicaia neperiodic avnd cel
puin 49 pagini;
Broura reprezint publicaia neperiodic care
conine ntre 5 i 48 pagini.
Biblioteca este instituia, compartimentul sau
structura specializat al crei scop principal este de a
constitui, a organiza, a prelucra, a dezvolta i a conserva
colecii de cri, publicaii, alte documente specifice i
baze de date pentru a facilita utilizarea acestora n scop
de informare, cercetare, educaie sau recreere.
Biblioteca Naional a Romniei este instituia
autorizat prin lege s exercite funcia de agenie
naional, de depozit legal i este responsabil de
culegerea i conservarea tuturor publicaiilor editate n
ar (indiferent dac sunt destinate difuzrii comerciale
sau gratuite) de ctre persoane fizice sau juridice
romne, ori executate de acestea peste hotare,
ntocmete statistica oficial a ediiilor naionale, are rolul
de centru naional de informare bibliografic, stabilete
cataloagele colective etc.
Noiunile utilizate pentru caracterizarea activitii
bibliotecilor au urmtoarele semnificaii:
Volume de bibliotec sunt considerate crile,
brourile, coleciile de ziare i reviste cu minimum 5 pagini,
precum i materialele audiovizuale (casete cu benzi
magnetice, diafilme, CD-uri, DVD-uri etc.) pentru toate
tipurile de biblioteci: naionale, judeene, municipale,
oreneti i comunale, ale instituiilor de nvmnt
superior, ale operatorilor economici i ale unitilor
colare.
Utilizator, persoan care consult n sediul
bibliotecii sau mprumut pentru acas cel puin o dat
ntr-un an calendaristic o carte, brour sau o alt
publicaie aparinnd bibliotecii respective.
Producia ziarelor i revistelor cuprinde toate
publicaiile periodice editate i imprimate n ar, oferite
publicului i care, n general, ar trebui s figureze n
bibliografia naional a rii; sunt exceptate publicaiile
editate n scopuri publicitare: reclam comercial,
industrial i turistic, publicaiile produselor i serviciilor
furnizate de editori, publicaiile cu caracter ocazional:
orare, tarife, anuare telefonice, programe de spectacole,
expoziii, trguri, statute i bilanuri ale societilor,
directive i circulare, calendare i opere muzicale,
producia cartografic (cu excepia atlasurilor i hrilor). n
producia de ziare i reviste mai sunt cuprinse: coleciile
de legi i regulamente ale administraiei publice (cu

Title of the publication is used as measurement

unit of papers number, printed or issued as independent
volume from printing viewpoint. In case of newspapers
and magazines, "title" is considered every separate
name of newspaper or magazine.
Number of printed copies represents the number
of copies printed for a book, a booklet, a newspaper or
magazine or any other publication.
The terms used have the following meaning:
Book represents an occasional publication of at
least 49 pages;
Booklet represents an occasional publication of
5 - 48 pages.
Library is the institution, compartment or
specialized structure whose main purpose is to
constitute, organize, process, develop and preserve
collections of books, publications, other specific
documents and databases in order to facilitate their use
for information, research, education or recreation.
The National Library of Romania is the institution
authorized by law to exercise the position of a national
agency, of legal deposit and it is responsible to deal with
the collection and preservation of all publications issued
in the country (irrespective of being meant to
commercial or free of charge dissemination) by
Romanian natural or legal persons or issued abroad; it
builds up the official statistics of national publications; it
plays the role of a national center of bibliographical
information; it sets up collective catalogues a.s.o.
The terms used for characterizing the libraries
activity have the following meaning:
Volumes of library comprise books, booklets,
collections of newspapers and magazines of minimum
5 pages, as well as audio-visual materials (magnetic tape
cassettes, film-strips, CD, DVD, a.s.o.) for all types of
libraries: national, county, municipality, town and
communal, higher education institutions, economic and
school operators.
User, natural person who lends for home (or
consults inside the library) at least once a year a book, a
booklet or another publication belonging to a library.
Output of newspapers and magazines includes all
periodicals printed and issued in the country for the
public and which, generally, should be comprised in the
national bibliography, excepting publications printed for
advertising purposes: commercial, industrial and tourism
advertisment, publications on products and services
supplied by publishers, occasional publications: timetables, tariffs, telephone yearbooks, shows, exhibitions
and fairs programs, statutes and balance sheets of
companies, directives and circulars, calendars and
musical operas, cartography output (excepting atlases
and maps). Output of newspapers and magazines also
includes: collections of laws and regulations of public

excepia celor confideniale sau rezervate unor distribuii

interne), periodicele academice i tiinifice, universitare i
ale instituiilor de cercetri sau culturale, periodice ale
organizaiilor profesionale, sindicale, politice, sportive,
buletine parohiale i colare, programele de radio i
televiziune dac sunt publicate sub form de reviste.
Noiunile utilizate au urmtoarele semnificaii:
Ziarul reprezint publicaia cotidian sau cu o
periodicitate mai mare n care se public tiri, informaii,
comentarii asupra celor mai recente evenimente interne
i internaionale: politice, sociale, culturale, profesionale,
sportive etc.
Revista reprezint publicaia periodic prin care se
trateaz fie subiecte de interes general fie unele de
specialitate (studii i informaii documentare referitoare
la unele probleme din diverse domenii: legislaie, politic,
economie, cultur, filozofie, tehnic, medicin, mod,
sport etc.).
Producia naional de filme este format din
totalitatea filmelor cu band normal i ngust destinate
proieciei cinematografice comerciale (nu sunt cuprinse
filmele realizate pentru televiziune); un film este
considerat produs n cursul unui an de referin dac, n
anul respectiv a fost ncheiat producia i a fost
proiectat n public pentru prima oar.
Distribuia
filmelor
reprezint
activitatea
ntreprinderilor specializate care au distribuit reelei
cinematografice naionale filme integral naionale, filme
n coproducie i filme strine.
Exploatarea filmelor este activitatea de difuzare
ctre public a totalitii filmelor (integral naionale, n
coproducie i strine) prin reeaua comercial fix (sli)
sau n aer liber i prin grupurile mobile de proiecie
dotate cu echipamente tehnice de specialitate.
Emisiunile la radio i televiziune reprezint
programele staiilor de radioemisiune i de televiziune
transmise, avnd ca tematic activitile sociale,
economice, politice, artistice etc. Unitatea de msur a
emisiunilor este ora-program.

administration (excepting confidential ones or those for

internal use), academic and scientific, university
periodicals of research or cultural institutions, periodicals
of vocational, trade-union, political, sport organizations,
parish and school bulletins, radio and TV programs if are
issued as magazines.
The terms used have the following meaning:
Newspaper represents a daily publication or with
higher periodicity, issuing news, information, comments
on the most recent internal and international events of
political, social, cultural, vocational, sport a.s.o.

SPORT

SPORT

n numrul seciilor sportive afiliate pe ramuri de

sport aparinnd cluburilor publice i private, precum i
asociaiilor sportive sunt cuprinse cele care s-au afiliat la
federaiile naionale sportive.
Sportivii legitimai sunt acei sportivi aflai n
evidena federaiilor naionale i care particip la
sistemul competiional organizat de ctre acestea. n
rndul acestora nu sunt cuprini sportivii aflai n
evidena comisiilor judeene constituite pe ramuri de
sport sau cei care practic activiti sportive
necompetiionale.
n numrul antrenorilor cu norm ntreag sau
arbitrilor sunt cuprinse persoanele care au o calificare
recunoscut de federaiile naionale i au desfurat
activitate n anul 2012.

The number of affiliated sport sections by sport

branches, belonging to the public and private clubs and
associations, includes those affiliated to national sport
federations.
The legitimated sportsmen are those sportsmen in
the evidence of national federations and taking part in
the competitions system organized by them. Sportsmen
in the evidence of the county commissions by sport
branches or practising non-competitivity sport activities
are not included among them.

Magazine represents a periodical on a subject of

general interest or specialised (documentary studies and
information referring to topics from various fields:
legislation, policy, economy, culture, philosophy,
technique, medicine, fashion, sport a.s.o.).
National output of films represents all films of
normal and narrow strip for commercial cinema
projection (TV films are not included); a film is
considered as released during the reference year, when
the production was finished and it was projected in public
for the first time.
Distribution of films represents the activity of
specialized enterprises which distributed to the national
cinemas network entirely national films, coproduction
and foreign films.
Exploitation of films represents all films (national,
in coproduction and foreign) broadcasted for the public
by fixed commercial network (own halls) or in the open
air and by mobile groups of projection endowed with
specialized technical equipment.
Radio and TV broadcasts represent programs
broadcasted by radio and TV stations having as topics
social, economic, political, artistic a.s.o. activities. The
measurement unit of broadcasts is "hour-program".

The number of full time coaches or referees

includes those having a qualification recognized by the
national federations and who carried out an activity in
2012.

9.G1
20000

Numrul i tirajul crilor i brourilor tiprite, intrate n

Depozitul Legal al Bibliotecii Naionale 1)
Number and copies of printed books and booklets, which entered
the Legal Book Stock of the National Library 1)

19965

19458

18225

18000
16000
14000

17861

18690

18858
16069

13774

13196

12999

12000
10000
8000
6000
2920

4000
2000
0

2007

2008

2009

2010

2012

Tiraj - mii / Copies - thou

Titluri / Titles
1)

2011

2625

Depozitul legal reprezint un fond dinamic aplicndu-se principiul recuperrii retrospective a publicaiilor.
Date rectificate fa de cele publicate anterior.
Legal book stock is a dynamic collection based on the principle of retrospective recovery of publications.
Rectified data as against those previously published.

9.G2

Volume existente i eliberate din biblioteci

Existing and lent volumes of libraries
milioane volume / million volumes

200
180

176,9

175,2

172,0

173,4

172,3

170,1

160
140
120
100
80
60

65,8

65,6

62,5

58,3

54,7

50,8

40
20
0

2007

2008

2009

Volume existente
Existing volumes

2010

2011

Volume eliberate
Lent volumes

2012

9.G3

Ziare, reviste i alte publicaii periodice 1)

Newspapers, magazines and other periodicals 1)
numr / number

3000
2500
2000

2690
2400

2615

2320

2626

2665

2571

2614

55

51

2772

2780

2717

2727

55

53

1500
1000
500
80
0

75
2007

2008

2009

2010

Titluri - total / Titles- total

2011

2012

Alte periodiciti / Other periodicities

Cotidiene / Daily newspapers

1)

Depozitul legal reprezint un fond dinamic aplicndu-se principiul recuperrii retrospective a publicaiilor.
Date rectificate fa de cele publicate anterior.
Legal book stock is a dynamic collection based on the principle of retrospective recovery of publications.
Rectified data as against those previously published.

9.G4

Structura emisiunilor la radio n limbile minoritilor naionale

Structure of radio broadcasts in national minorities languages
2007

2012

5,5%
14,5%

12,1%
12,2%
13,8%

68,6%

55,8%

17,5%

Maghiar / Hungarian

Srb / Serbian

German / German

Alte limbi / Other languages

CULTUR I SPORT
CULTUR
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.10

Crile i brourile tiprite, intrate n Depozitul Legal al Bibliotecii Naionale

Manuale colare i cursuri universitare tiprite, dup limba de predare
Biblioteci
Ziare, reviste i alte publicaii periodice
Muzee i colecii publice
Cinematografe
Producia de filme
Instituii i companii de spectacole sau concerte
Emisiuni la radio i televiziune (proprietate majoritar de stat)
Structura programelor difuzate terestru de posturile de radio i televiziune
(proprietate majoritar privat)
SPORT

9.11 Federaiile sportive

9.12 Clasamentul general la competiiile internaionale oficiale pe federaii, n anul 2012
9.13 Medaliile obinute de sportivii romni la Jocurile Olimpice i Paralimpice,
Campionatele Mondiale i Europene
9.14 Medaliile obinute de sportivii romni, pe ramuri de sport, la Jocurile Olimpice,
n perioada 1896-2012
9.15 Participarea sportivilor romni la Jocurile Olimpice
TERITORIAL
9.16 Biblioteci, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
9.17 Cinematografe, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
9.18 Activitatea sportiv, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012

PREURI

PRICES

10

SURSA DATELOR

Cercetri statistice:
Cercetarea statistic a bugetelor de familie i
cercetarea statistic structural n ntreprinderi,
pentru elaborarea sistemelor de ponderare folosite
la calculul indicelui de preuri;
Cercetarea statistic privind preurile i tarifele
mrfurilor i serviciilor care intr n consumul
populaiei, realizat pe eantioane reprezentative de
sortimente, precum i uniti de observare
(magazine, piee i uniti prestatoare de servicii),
pentru calculul indicilor preurilor de consum;
Cercetarea statistic privind preurile de producie
ale produselor i serviciilor industriale, realizat pe
eantioane reprezentative de produse, sortimente,
precum i uniti de observare (operatori
economici), pentru calculul indicilor preurilor
produciei industriale;
Cercetarea statistic privind preurile de
achiziie/vnzare ale produselor agricole, realizat la
circa 200 operatori economici (procesatori,
comerciani, societi comerciale agricole) i n 50
oboare, pe un nomenclator de 180 produse/varieti;
Cercetarea statistic asupra preurilor principalelor
produse vndute de ctre productorii particulari n
pieele agroalimentare, pe un eantion de
138 produse/varieti, n 100 de piee din
95 localiti urbane;
Cercetarea statistic privind preurile principalelor
produse care reprezint consum intermediar n
agricultur, realizat la circa 120 operatori
economici (procesatori, comerciani, societi
comerciale agricole), pe un eantion de
1260 produse/sortimente.

DATA SOURCE

Statistical surveys:
Family budgets statistical survey and structural
business statistical survey, to carry out the
weighting systems used in the calculation of the
price index;
Statistical survey on prices and tariffs of goods and
services included in population consumption, carried
out based on representative samples of
assortments, as well as observation units (shops,
markets and units rendering services), for the
calculation of consumer price indices;
Statistical survey on production prices of industrial
products and services, carried out on
representative samples of products, assortments,
as well as observation units (economic operators),
for the calculation of industrial production price
indices;
Statistical survey on purchase/ selling prices of
agricultural products, carried out for about
200 economic units (processers, tradesmen, trade
agricultural companies) and 50 markets, on a
nomenclature of 180 products/items;
Statistical survey on prices for main agricultural
products, sold by private producers in agro-food
markets on a sample of 138 products (varieties) in
100 markets and 95 urban localities;
Statistical survey on prices of main products which
represent intermediate consumption in agriculture,
carried out for about 120 economic units
(processers,
tradesmen,
trade
agricultural
companies), on a sample of 1260 products/items.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

INDICELE PREURILOR DE CONSUM (IPC)

msoar evoluia de ansamblu a preurilor mrfurilor
cumprate i a tarifelor serviciilor utilizate de ctre
populaie ntr-o anumit perioad (denumit perioad
curent), fa de o perioad anterioar (denumit
perioad de baz sau de referin). Indicele preurilor de
consum se calculeaz numai pentru elementele care
intr n consumul direct al populaiei, fiind excluse:
consumul din resurse proprii, cheltuielile cu caracter de
investiii i acumulare, dobnzile pltite la credite, ratele
de asigurare, amenzile, impozitele etc., precum i
cheltuielile aferente plii muncii pentru producia
agricol a gospodriilor individuale.
Preurile sunt colectate din circa 7100 de uniti
aflate n 68 de centre de colectare selectate din 42
localiti urbane, n funcie de volumul vnzrilor i de
numrul populaiei.

CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (CPI) measures the

overall evolution of prices for purchased goods and
tariffs of services used by the population during a
certain period (called current period), as against a
previous period (called base or reference period). The
Consumer Price Index is calculated only for the
elements that form part of the population's direct
consumption, excluding the following: consumption
from one's own resources, investment and accumulation
expenses, interest paid on credits, insurance rates,
fines, taxes, a.s.o., as well as expenses for the payment
of the work done for the agricultural production of
individual households.
Prices are collected from about 7100 units located in
68 collection centres selected from 42 urban localities,
depending on the volume of sales and the population
number.

Perioadele de referin pentru colectarea preurilor

sunt 1-7, 10-17, 21-27 ale fiecrei luni, astfel ca pentru
cele aproximativ 1800 de sortimente selectate n
eantionul de bunuri i servicii se nregistreaz periodic
circa 95000 de preuri.
Indicele se calculeaz prin agregarea indicilor
individuali la nivel de post de cheltuieli, grup
(alimentar, nealimentar i servicii) i total.
Ponderile utilizate pentru agregarea indicilor de pre
de consum sunt obinute din cercetarea statistic a
bugetelor de familie i rezult din structura cheltuielilor
medii lunare efectuate de o gospodrie pentru
cumprarea bunurilor i plata serviciilor necesare
satisfacerii nevoilor de trai. Ponderile se actualizeaz
anual, lundu-se n considerare cea mai recent
estimare a cheltuielilor populaiei.
Indicii armonizai ai preurilor de consum (IAPC) au
luat fiin n Uniunea European ca rspuns la necesitatea
de a stabili indici comparabili ai preurilor de consum la
nivelul statelor membre ale Uniunii Europene, care s
permit msurarea stabilitii preurilor la nivelul zonei euro
dar i msurarea gradului de convergen a preurilor,
criteriu de aderare la Uniunea Monetar European.
Diferenele dintre cei doi indici de pre de consum
sunt nesemnificative n cazul Romniei i constau n:
clasificarea utilizat pentru agregarea i prezentarea
indicilor armonizai este cea convenit de
CEE/Eurostat/OECD;
IAPC reflect evoluia preurilor i tarifelor
achiziionate i consumate pe teritoriul Romniei
att de persoanele fizice rezidente ct i de cele
nerezidente (acestea din urm nu sunt incluse n
IPC naional);
din anul 2012 a intrat n vigoare Regulamentul CE
nr.1114/2010 privind standardele minime pentru
calitatea ponderilor indicilor armonizai ai preurilor
de consum. Implementarea regulamentului
nseamn utilizarea datelor privind cheltuiala
monetar de consum final al gospodriilor din
conturile naionale i a cheltuielilor din Ancheta
Bugetelor de Familie realizate n perioada aferent
anului de baz al IPC; ponderile astfel calculate sunt
actualizate la preurile lunii decembrie a anului
precedent n cazul IAPC;
perioada de referin utilizat pentru prezentarea
IAPC este anul 2005.
INDICELE
PREURILOR
PRODUCIEI
INDUSTRIALE (IPPI) msoar evoluia n timp a
preurilor produselor industriale fabricate de productori
interni, livrate att pe piaa intern ct i pe piaa
extern.
Indicele preurilor produciei industriale este calculat
conform cerinelor i standardelor Regulamentului
Consiliului
CE
nr.1165/1998,
amendat
prin
Regulamentul CE nr.1158/2005 cu privire la statisticile

The reference periods for price collection are 1-7,

10-17, 21-27 each month; thus, for the approximately
1800 assortments selected in the sample of goods and
services, about 95000 prices are recorded periodically.
The index is calculated by aggregating the individual
indices at the level of expenditure items, groups (food,
non-food and services) and overall.
The weights used to aggregate the Consumer Price
Indices are obtained from the Family Budgets Survey
and result from the structure of the monthly average
expenditure incurred by a household for the purchase of
goods and the payment of services necessary for
meeting living needs. The weights are updated annually,
taking into account the most recent estimation of the
population's expenditure.
The Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices
(HICP) were created within the European Union in
response to the need to establish comparable Consumer
Price Indices at the level of EU Member States, in order
to allow for the measurement of price stability in the euro
area as well as the measurement of price convergence,
a criterion for joining the European Monetary Union.
The differences between the two Consumer Price
Indices are insignificant in the case of Romania and
consist in the following:
the classification used to aggregate and present
harmonised indices is the one agreed upon by
EEC/Eurostat/OECD;
the HICP reflects the evolution of the prices of goods
and the tariffs of services purchased and consumed
on Romanian territory both by resident and nonresident physical persons (the latter are not included
in the national CPI);
since 2012, the Regulation (EU) No. 1114/2010 as
regards minimum standards for the quality of the
HICP weightings entered into force. The
implementation of the regulation means the use of
data on monetary expenses of households final
consumption from national accounts and
expenditure from the Family Budgets Survey carried
out in the period of CPI base year; the weights
calculated as such are updated at the prices of
previous year December in case of HICP;
the reference period used for the presentation of the
HICP is the year 2005.
THE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION PRICE INDEX
(IPPI) measures the evolution over time of the prices of
industrial products manufactured by domestic producers,
delivered on the domestic and non-domestic markets.
The Industrial Production Price Index is calculated in
accordance with the requirements and standards of
Council Regulation (EC) No. 1165/98 concerning shortterm statistics, amended by Regulation (EC)

pe termen scurt i acoper aproape n totalitate

sectoarele industriilor extractiv i prelucrtoare, precum
i sectorul energetic.
Preurile colectate sunt preuri de productor i nu
includ TVA.
Preurile sunt colectate de la aproximativ 2000 de
operatori economici, selectai n funcie de cifra de
afaceri raportat n cadrul cercetrii statistice Ancheta
Structural n ntreprinderi (ASA) realizat n perioada
aferent anului de baz (2010). Gradul de acoperire
obinut este cuprins ntre 70% i 100% din cifra de
afaceri aferent fiecrei clase CAEN Rev. 2.
Colectarea se realizeaz o dat pe lun i const n
nregistrarea preurilor la nivel de sortiment, considerat
reprezentativ de ctre fiecare operator economic inclus
n eantion.
Indicele se calculeaz prin agregarea indicilor
individuali la nivel de produs/operator economic, produs
PRODROM, clas CAEN Rev. 2, diviziune CAEN Rev. 2,
seciuni CAEN Rev. 2 i total industrie.
Ponderile utilizate pentru calculul indicilor preurilor
produciei industriale sunt stabilite separat pe destinaii
(piaa intern sau piaa extern). Valorile de ponderare
pentru toate nivelurile de agregare s-au determinat din
Ancheta Structural n ntreprinderi (ASA) realizat n
perioada aferent anului de baz (2010).

PREURILE MEDII I INDICII PREURILOR

PRINCIPALELOR PRODUSE AGRICOLE
Observarea i culegerea preurilor care intr n
calcularea preurilor medii se realizeaz pe canale de
vnzare reprezentative, n funcie de natura produsului,
utiliznd un eantion de 100 de piee agroalimentare,
50 oboare, circa 100 procesatori, circa 50 angrositi i
circa 70 societi comerciale agricole i uniti de
cercetare i producie agricol.
Preurile nu includ costuri de transport, stocare etc.,
subveniile pe produs i TVA.
Colectarea preurilor se realizeaz cu frecven
sptmnal n pieele agroalimentare i lunar n
oboare, la procesatori, angrositi i la societile
comerciale agricole.
Preurile medii anuale ale produselor vndute n
pieele agroalimentare, la nivel de localitate, sunt obinute
ca medie aritmetic simpl a preurilor sptmnale.
Preurile medii anuale ale produselor vndute n
pieele agroalimentare, la nivel de ar, sunt obinute ca
medie aritmetic ponderat a preurilor medii lunare, la
nivel de produs/ar.
Preurile medii anuale ale produselor agricole
achiziionate de operatorii economici sunt obinute ca
medie aritmetic simpl a preurilor medii lunare, la nivel
de produs/ar.

No. 1158/2005 of the European Parliament and of the

Council, and covers almost fully the mining and
quarrying sector, the manufacturing sector and the
energy sector.
The prices collected are producer prices and do not
include the VAT.
Prices are collected from approximately 2000
economic operators, selected depending on the turnover
reported in the annual Structural Business Survey
conducted during the period corresponding to the base
year (2010). The coverage obtained ranges between
70% and 100% of the turnover corresponding to each
CANE Rev. 2 class.
Prices are collected once a month. They are
recorded at the level of assortments considered
representative by each economic operator included in
the sample.
The index is calculated by aggregating individual
indices at the level of products/economic operators,
PRODROM products, CANE Rev. 2 classes, CANE Rev.
2 divisions, CANE Rev. 2 sections and for industry
overall.
The weights used to calculate Industrial Production
Price Indices are established separately according to the
destination (the domestic market or the non-domestic
market). The weighting values for all aggregation levels
were determined from the annual Structural Business
Survey conducted during the period corresponding to the
base year (2010).
AVERAGE PRICES AND PRICE INDICES FOR THE
MAIN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
The observation and collection of the prices that
are taken into account for the calculation of average
prices are performed based on representative sales
channels, depending on the nature of the product,
using a sample of 100 agro-food markets, 50 fairs,
about 100 processors, about 50 wholesalers and about
70 agricultural trading companies and agricultural
research and production units.
Prices do not include the costs for transport, storage
a.s.o., the subsidies on products and the VAT.
Prices are collected weekly in the agro-food markets
and monthly as regards the fairs, processors,
wholesalers and agricultural trading companies.
The annual average prices of the products sold in
agro-food markets, at locality level, are obtained as a
simple arithmetic mean of weekly prices.
The annual average prices of products sold on agrofood markets, at country level, are obtained as weighted
arithmetic mean of monthly average prices, at
product/country level.
The annual average prices of the agricultural
products purchased by economic operators are obtained
as a simple arithmetic mean of monthly average prices,
at product/country level.

Indicii preurilor produselor agricole msoar variaia

n timp a preurilor de vnzare a acestor produse de
ctre productorii agricoli interni.
Indicii individuali sunt agregai la diferite nivele de
clasificare ale produselor de origine vegetal sau animal,
pn la obinerea indicelui pentru total produse agricole.
Sistemul de ponderi utilizat n calculul preurilor
medii i al indicilor lunari ai preurilor la nivel de produs
se bazeaz pe date la nivel de jude (cantiti) obinute
din cercetarea statistic Producia vegetal la
principalele culturi n anul 2010 i din cercetarea
statistic Efectivele de animale existente la 1 decembrie
2010 i producia animal obinut n anul 2010.
Sistemul de ponderi folosit n calculul indicilor agregai
este obinut din datele care provin din Conturile Economice
din Agricultur, reprezentnd valoarea de vnzare a
produselor agricole la preul productorului, n anul 2010.

The price indices for agricultural products measure

the change over time in the prices at which these
products are sold to domestic agricultural producers.
Individual indices are aggregated at various crop or
animal product classification levels, until obtaining the
index for agricultural products overall.
The system of weights used in the calculation of
average prices and monthly price indices at product level
is based on data at county level (quantities) obtained
from statistical survey Crop production for main crops, in
2010 and from statistical survey Livestock existent on
December 1, 2010 and animal production obtained in
2010.
The system of weights used to calculate aggregate
indices is obtained from data coming from the Economic
Accounts for Agriculture, representing the sale value of
agricultural products at producer price, in 2010.

Indicii preurilor principalelor produse care

reprezint consum intermediar n agricultur
(input-uri) msoar variaia n timp a preurilor de
vnzare a acestor produse ctre productorii agricoli
interni.

The price indices for the main products that

represent intermediate consumption in agriculture
(inputs) measure the change over time in the prices at
which these products are sold to domestic agricultural
producers.

Preurile sunt colectate trimestrial de la aproximativ

160 de operatori economici care desfoar activitate de
producie i/sau de comercializare de input-uri agricole
(din producia intern sau din import) i vnd direct ctre
productorii agricoli.
Preurile includ costurile de transport, stocare etc.,
dar nu cuprind TVA i subveniile pe produs.
nregistrarea preurilor se realizeaz la nivel de
sortimente reprezentative pentru fiecare produs,
selectate pe baza caracteristicilor specifice i a celor mai
comune condiii de comercializare.
Indicii sunt agregai la diferite nivele de clasificare a
produselor utiliznd un sistem de ponderi.
n structura indicelui global sunt cuprinse i
produse/grupe de produse pentru care nu se culeg date
(ex: Energie i lubrifiani), acestea provenind de la alte
cercetri statistice din cadrul INS i reprezint fie indici
agregai, fie indici la nivel de produse care se agreg
utiliznd ponderi, pn la nivelul impus de structura
indicelui global.
Sistemul de ponderi utilizat n calculul indicilor
agregai este obinut din datele care provin din Conturile
Economice din Agricultur, reprezentnd valoarea
anual a produselor care reprezint consum intermediar,
n agricultur, n anul 2010.

Prices are collected on a quarterly basis from

approximately 160 economic operators who produce
and/or market agricultural inputs (from the domestic
production or from imports) and sell the products directly
to agricultural producers.
Prices include the costs for transport, storage a.s.o.,
but do not include the VAT and the subsidies on products.
Prices are recorded at the level of assortments that
are representative for each product, selected on the
basis of specific characteristics and of the most common
marketing conditions.
Indices are aggregated at various product
classification levels using a system of weights.
The structure of the overall index also includes
products/groups of products for which data are not
collected (e.g.: Energy and lubricants), as they come
from other statistical surveys conducted by the NIS and
represent either aggregate indices or indices at product
level which are aggregated using weights, up to the level
imposed by the structure of the overall index.
The system of weights used in the calculation of
aggregate indices is obtained from data coming from
Economic Accounts in Agriculture, representing annual
value of products which represent intermediate
consumption in agriculture, in 2010.

Not: Toi indicii de pre prezentai mai sus sunt de tip Laspeyres.
Note: All price indices presented above are Laspeyres-type indices.

10.G1

Evoluia indicilor preurilor de consum

Evolution of consumer price indices
an curent / an precedent
current year / previous year

160
153,9
150

145,7

140

135,7
135,4
134,5

144,0
143,7

130

126,8
125,5

133,1
122,5

120

118,3
110
100

2000

10.G2

2001

116,1 114,7
115,3 113,2 111,3 108,47
111,9 110,5
109,0 108,20
106,56
114,8
114,7
109,5
106,1
103,84

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

109,22 108,97 109,78

106,63
108,57 106,22 106,09 106,15
104,99
107,85 105,59 104,78 106,02
104,84
105,79 105,07
103,77
103,33
106,36
103,89
103,25 102,33 104,45 101,89
2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Total / Total

Mrfuri nealimentare / Non-food goods

Mrfuri alimentare / Food goods

Servicii / Services

Evoluia indicilor preurilor de consum i ai cursului de schimb mediu anual

Evolution of consumer price and yearly average exchange rate indices
an curent / an precedent
current year / previous year

125
115
105
95
85

110,3
104,84
94,7

107,85
103,3

107,9

106,09
104,2

113,7
105,79
100,7

105,59
99,7

99,4

2009

2010

105,2
103,33

95,9

86,8

75

~
2007

2008

2011

Indicii preurilor de consum - total / Consumer price indices - total

Indicii cursului de schimb mediu anual (lei/euro)
Yearly average exchange rate indices (lei/euro)
Indicii cursului de schimb mediu anual (lei/dolar SUA)
Yearly average exchange rate indices (lei/USD)

2012

10

PREURI

10.1 Indicii preurilor de consum

10.2 Indicii preurilor de consum, pentru principalele grupe de mrfuri i servicii
10.3 Indicii armonizai ai preurilor de consum, pentru grupele de mrfuri
i servicii constituite conform clasificrii COICOP
10.4 Indicii preurilor produciei industriale
10.5 Indicii preurilor produciei industriale, pe marile grupe industriale
10.6 Preurile medii de achiziie la principalele produse agricole
10.7 Indicii preurilor principalelor produse agricole
10.8 Indicii preurilor principalelor produse care reprezint consum intermediar
n agricultur
10.9 Preurile medii ale principalelor produse vndute n pieele agroalimentare,
n anul 2012

CONTURI NAIONALE

NATIONAL ACCOUNTS

11

SURSA DATELOR

Cercetri statistice:
Valorificarea rezultatelor cercetrilor statistice
elaborate n cadrul sistemului statisticii oficiale.

Surse administrative:
Ministerul Finanelor Publice, pentru datele din
execuia bugetului public naional, bilanurile
contabile, precum i pentru datele privind
impozitarea
veniturilor
persoanelor
fizice
independente i asociaiilor familiale;
Banca Naional a Romniei, pentru datele din
balana de pli.

DATA SOURCE

Statistical surveys:
Turning into account the results of statistical surveys
carried out within the system of official statistics.

Administrative sources:
Ministry of Public Finances, for data provided on the
execution of the state budget, the balance sheets, as
well as for data concerning the tax on the income of
family associations and individual natural persons;
National Bank of Romania, for data from the balance
of payments.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

Conturile naionale au fost elaborate pe baza

principiilor metodologice ale Sistemului European de
Conturi 1995 (SEC 1995).
Contabilitatea naional reprezint un ansamblu
coerent i detaliat de conturi i tabele ce ofer o imagine
comparabil i complet a activitii economice a unei
ri. Aceasta clasific marea varietate de fluxuri
economice ntr-un numr restrns de categorii
fundamentale i le nscrie ntr-un cadru de ansamblu ce
permite obinerea unei reprezentri a circuitului
economic adaptat nevoilor de analiz, previziune i
politic economic.
Principalele conturi ce se elaboreaz n cadrul
contabilitii naionale sunt:
contul de producie;
contul de distribuire primar a venitului;
contul de exploatare;
contul de alocare a veniturilor primare;
contul de venit al ntreprinderii;
contul de alocare a altor venituri primare;
contul de distribuire secundar a venitului;
contul de redistribuire a venitului n natur;
contul de utilizare a venitului;
contul de utilizare a venitului disponibil;
contul de utilizare a venitului disponibil ajustat;
contul de capital;
contul variaiilor nete datorate economiei i
transferurilor de capital;
contul achiziiilor de active nefinanciare;
contul financiar;
contul altor modificri de active;
conturile de patrimoniu;
contul restului lumii.
Tranzaciile din conturile naionale sunt clasate pe
sectoare instituionale.

The national accounts have been drawn up

according to the methodological principles of European
System of Accounts 1995 (ESA 1995).
National accounting represents a coherent and
detailed whole of accounts and tables, which give a
comparable and complete picture of the economic
activity of a country. It classifies the wide variety of
economic flows into a low number of basic categories
inscribing them in a frame allowing for obtaining a
representation of the economic circuit adapted to
the analyses, forecasts and economic policies
requirements.
The main accounts compiled within national
accounting are:
production account;
primary distribution of income account;
generation of income account;
allocation of primary income account;
entrepreneurial income account;
allocation of other primary income account;
secondary distribution of income account;
redistribution of income in kind account;
use of income account;
use of disposable income account;
use of adjusted disposable income account;
capital account;
change in net worth due to saving and capital
transfers account;
acquisition of non-financial assets account;
changes in assets;
other changes in volume of assets account;
balance sheets;
rest of the world account.
Transactions of national accounts are classified by
institutional sector.

Sectorul instituional reprezint ansamblul

unitilor instituionale ce au un comportament economic
asemntor. Unitile instituionale sunt clasate n
sectoare, n funcie de dou caracteristici reprezentative
pentru comportamentul lor economic:
categoria de productori;
natura activitilor i a funciilor lor principale.
Ansamblul de uniti instituionale rezidente (uniti
ce au centrul de interes pe teritoriul economic al unei
ri) se grupeaz n cinci sectoare instituionale: societi
nefinanciare; societi financiare; administraii publice;
gospodriile populaiei; instituii fr scop lucrativ n
serviciul gospodriilor populaiei.
Sectorul societi nefinanciare cuprinde unitile
instituionale dotate cu personalitate juridic care sunt
productori de pia i a cror activitate principal const
n producerea de bunuri i servicii nefinanciare. n acest
sector se include activitatea regiilor autonome i a
societilor comerciale nefinanciare, precum i a cvasisocietilor nefinanciare.
Sectorul societi financiare cuprinde ansamblul de
societi i cvasi-societi a cror funcie principal const
n furnizarea de servicii de intermediere financiar i/sau
n exercitarea de activiti financiare auxiliare. n acest
sector au fost incluse urmtoarele tipuri de uniti: Banca
Naional a Romniei, Bncile comerciale romneti i
strine, Casa de Economii i Consemnaiuni (CEC Bank),
Case de Ajutor Reciproc (CAR), Companiile/societile de
brokeraj, Societi de investiii financiare, Bursa de valori,
Case de schimb valutar, RASDAQ, Cooperative de credit,
Societi de Asigurare, Fondul de Garantare a Depozitelor
Bancare, Fondul Privat de Pensii.
Sectorul administraii publice cuprinde toate
unitile instituionale a cror producie non-pia este
destinat consumului individual i colectiv; resursele lor
provin, n cea mai mare parte, din contribuiile obligatorii
vrsate de unitile aparinnd altor sectoare i/sau toate
unitile instituionale a cror activitate principal o
constituie efectuarea de operaii de redistribuire a
veniturilor i a patrimoniului naional.
Sectorul administraii publice se compune din
urmtoarele subsectoare:
Administraia central;
Administraiile locale;
Administraiile de securitate social.
publice
includ:
organismele
Administraiile
administrative publice care conduc i finaneaz un
ansamblu de activiti ce constau, n principal, n furnizarea
de bunuri i servicii non-pia pentru colectivitate; instituiile
fr scop lucrativ ce produc servicii nedestinate pieei
controlate i majoritar finanate de ctre administraiile
publice; fondurile de pensii autonome.
Sectorul gospodriile populaiei cuprinde indivizi
sau grupuri de indivizi, att n calitatea lor de consumatori
ct i, eventual, de ntreprinztori, ce produc bunuri sau
servicii financiare i nefinanciare de pia.

Institutional sector groups together all the

institutional units, which have a similar type of economic
behaviour. Institutional units are grouped into sectors,
according to the two following criteria, characteristic for
their economic behaviour:
producers class;
the nature of activities and of their main economic
function.
The resident institutional units (units whose center of
interest is placed on the economic territory of a certain
country) are grouped in five institutional sectors: nonfinancial corporations; financial corporations; general
government; households; non-profit institution serving
households.
Non-financial corporations sector comprises the
non-financial institutional units with legal status, that are
market producers and whose function consists of
producing non-financial market goods and services. This
sector includes the activity of autonomous, non-financial
corporations and non-financial quasi-corporations.
Financial corporations sector includes all
corporations and quasi-corporations, which are mainly
involved in financial intermediation and/or auxiliary
financial activities. This sector includes the following
categories of units: National Bank of Romania,
Romanian and foreign Commercial Banks, Savings
Bank, Mutual insurance fund, Brokerage companies,
Financial investment companies, Stock Exchange,
Exchange offices, R.A.S.D.A.Q, Credit co-operatives,
Insurance companies, Guarantee Fund of the Banking
Deposits, Private Pension Fund.
General government sector comprises all
institutional units, that are other non-market producers
whose output is intended for individual and collective
consumption and mainly financed by compulsory
payments made by units belonging to other sectors,
and/or all institutional units principally engaged in the
redistribution of national income and wealth.
The general government sector is divided into the
following sub-sectors:
Central government;
Local government;
Social security funds.
General government includes: general government
entities which manage and finance a group of activities,
mainly providing non-market goods and services, intended
for the benefit of the community; non-profit institutions
recognized as independent legal entities which are other
non-market producers and which are controlled and mainly
financed by general government; autonomous pension funds.
Households sector covers individuals or groups of
individuals as consumers and possibly also as
entrepreneurs
producing
market
goods
and
non-financial and financial services.

Sectorul instituii fr scop lucrativ n serviciul

gospodriilor
populaiei
grupeaz
unitile
instituionale rezidente care produc, n principal, servicii
de non-pia pentru gospodrii i ale cror resurse, n
cea mai mare parte, provin din vnzri ocazionale,
contribuii voluntare efectuate de gospodrii, vrsminte
provenite de la administraiile publice i din venituri din
proprietate. De asemenea se includ: organizaii
religioase (de cult), sindicate, partide politice, uniuni,
fundaii, asociaii culturale i sportive.
Sectorul restul lumii este caracterizat printr-un set
de conturi care reflect tranzaciile ce au loc ntre
unitile rezidente i cele nerezidente. Conturile specifice
acestui sector furnizeaz o vedere de ansamblu asupra
relaiilor economice care leag o ar cu restul lumii.
Produsul intern brut (PIB), principalul agregat
macroeconomic al contabilitii naionale, reprezint
rezultatul final al activitii de producie a unitilor
productoare rezidente. Acesta se poate calcula prin
urmtoarele metode:
a) Metoda de producie:
PIB = VAB + IP + TV - SP, unde:
PIB = Produsul intern brut (preuri de pia)
VAB = Valoarea adugat brut
(preuri de baz)
IP
= Impozitele pe produse
TV = Taxele vamale
(drepturi asupra importurilor)
SP = Subveniile pe produse
b) Metoda cheltuielilor:
PIB = CF + FBCF + VS + (E - I), unde:
CF = Consumul final efectiv
FBCF= Formarea brut de capital fix
VS = Variaia de stoc
E
= Exporturile de bunuri i servicii
I
= Importurile de bunuri i servicii
c) Metoda veniturilor:
PIB = R + EBE + AIP - ASP + IP+TV - SP,
unde:
R
= Remunerarea salariailor
EBE = Excedentul brut de exploatare
AIP = Alte impozite pe producie
ASP = Alte subvenii pe producie
IP
= Impozite pe produse
TV = Taxe vamale
SP = Subvenii pe produse
Venitul naional brut (VNB) reprezint ansamblul
veniturilor primare primite de ctre unitile instituionale
rezidente: remunerarea salariailor, impozitele pe
producie i importuri minus subveniile, veniturile din
proprietate (cele de primit minus cele de pltit),
excedentul de exploatare (brut) i venitul mixt (brut). VNB
(la preuri de pia) este egal cu PIB diminuat cu
veniturile primare vrsate de unitile nerezidente i
mrit cu veniturile primare primite de la restul lumii de
ctre unitile rezidente.

Non-profit institutions serving households

(NPISHs) sector consists of resident institutional units,
which serve households and which are mainly non-market
producers; their principal resources, apart from those
derived from occasional sales, are derived from voluntary
contributions in cash or in kind from households in their
capacity of consumer, from payments made by general
government and from property income. Also includes:
religious organizations (of cults), trade unions, political
parties, unions, foundations, cultural and sports
associations.
Rest of the world sector is characterized by a
group of accounts that reflects transactions that occur
between the resident units and the non-resident ones.
Rest of the world accounts reflect the operations carried
out between resident units and non-resident units.
Gross domestic product (GDP), the main
macroeconomic aggregate of national accounting,
represents the final result of the production activity of
resident producer units. This aggregate could be
calculated according to the following approaches:
a) Production approach:
GDP = GVA + TP + D - SP, where :
GDP = Gross domestic product (market prices)
GVA = Gross value added
(basic prices)
TP = Taxes on products
D
= Import duties
SP = Subsidies on products
b) Expenditure approach:
GDP = FC + GFCF + CS + (E - I), where:
FC = Final consumption
GFCF= Gross fixed capital formation
CS = Change in inventories
E
= Exports of goods and services
I
= Imports of goods and services
c) Income approach:
GDP = C+ GOS + OTP - OSP+TP + D - SP,
where:
C
= Compensation of employees
GOS = Gross operating surplus
OTP = Other taxes on production
OSP = Other subsidies on production
TP = Taxes on products
D
= Import duties
SP = Subsidies on products
Gross national income (GNI) represents total
primary income receivable by resident institutional units:
compensation of employees, taxes on production and
imports less subsidies, property income (receivable less
payable), (gross) operating surplus and (gross) mixed
income. GNI (at market prices) equals GDP minus
primary income paid by resident units to non-residents
plus primary income received by resident units from the
rest of the world.

Estimrile
privind
economia
neobservat
ncorporate n conturile naionale se realizeaz pentru:
sectorul formal, prin estimarea muncii la negru i a
fraudei la declararea taxei pe valoarea adugat;
sectorul informal, prin estimarea valorii produciei
nedeclarate obinute de ctre asociaiile familiale i
ntreprinztorii individuali.
Serviciile de intermediere financiar indirect
msurate (SIFIM) se msoar convenional prin soldul
dintre dobnzile ncasate i cele pltite de instituiile
financiare, fiind rezultatul activitii de intermediere
financiar a acestora.
Producia i valoarea adugat brut au fost calculate
n preuri de baz (inclusiv subveniile pe produse i exclusiv
impozitele pe produs i taxa pe valoarea adaugat).
Indicii produsului intern brut au fost calculai pe
baza datelor n preuri comparabile, fiind utilizate preurile
anului anterior celui de calcul. Legtura ntre datele
calculate pentru diferite perioade s-a fcut pe baza
nlnuirii indicilor.
Datele pentru anul 2011 sunt definitive, iar cele
pentru anul 2012 sunt semidefinitive.
Estimarea ocuprii forei de munc se realizeaz n
cadrul contabilitii naionale, conform cerinelor
metodologice i a conceptelor i clasificrilor prevzute de
SEC 1995. Unitile de msur utilizate sunt: mii persoane
i mii ore lucrate.
Populaia ocupat cuprinde persoanele (salariate i
independente) angajate ntr-o activitate productiv
conform SEC 1995.
Salariaii reprezint toate persoanele care lucreaz,
pe baza unui contract formal sau informal, pentru o alt
unitate instituional rezident n schimbul unei remuneraii
n bani sau n natur.
Lucrtorii independeni (pe cont propriu) reprezint
persoane care sunt unici proprietari sau coproprietari ai
unei ntreprinderi fr personalitate juridic, n care
muncesc. Din aceast categorie mai fac parte: lucrtorii
familiali neremunerai i lucrtorii la domiciliu care produc
pentru pia, lucrtorii care exercit, individual sau colectiv,
activiti de producie destinate n ntregime consumului
final propriu sau formrii proprii de capital.
Productivitatea muncii pe o persoan ocupat a
fost calculat ca raport ntre valoarea adugat brut i
numrul de persoane ocupate.
Productivitatea orar a muncii a fost calculat ca
raport ntre valoarea adugat brut i numrul de ore
lucrate.

The non-observed economy estimates included in

national accounts are calculated for:
formal sector, by estimating underground labour and
the tax evasion on value added tax;
informal sector, by estimating the undeclared output of
family associations and self-employed persons.

Conturile regionale reprezint versiunea la nivel

regional a conturilor naionale i respect principiile
metodologice ale SEC 1995. Conform nomenclatorului
unitilor statistice teritoriale a UE (NUTS), regiunea
corespunde nivelului 2. n Romnia, produsul intern brut
regional (PIBR) se calculeaz pentru cele patru macroregiuni,
cele opt regiuni de dezvoltare i pentru extra-regiuni. Pentru
Romnia, extra-regiunile se refer la platforma continental

Regional accounts represent the version of national

accounts at regional level and they are in accordance with the
methodological rules of the ESA 1995. According to the EU
nomenclature of territorial units for statistics (NUTS), the region
corresponds to the level 2. In Romania the compilations of
regional gross domestic product (RGDP) are made for the four
macroregion, for the eight development regions and for
extra-regions. In Romania case, extra-regions refer to the

Financial intermediation services indirectly

measured (FISIM) are, by convention, measured by the
balance between the interests received and those paid by
credit institutions as result of their financial intermediation
activity.
The output and gross value added were calculated
in basic prices (including the subsidies on products and
excluding the taxes on product and value added tax).
The indices of gross domestic product were
calculated on the basis of data expressed in comparable
prices making use of the prices recorded in the previous
year. The relation between data for different periods was
based on chaining indices.
The data for 2011 are final and those for 2012 are
semi-final.
Employment estimation is performed in the framework
of national accounting, according to the methodological
requirements, concepts and classifications of ESA 1995. The
measure units used are: thousands persons and
thousands hours-worked.
Employment covers all persons (employees and selfemployed) engaged in a productive activity as defined by
ESA 1995.
Employees are defined as all persons who principally
work, based on a formal or informal agreement, for
another resident institutional unit in return for remuneration
in cash or in kind.
Self-employed persons are defined as persons
who are the sole owners, or joint owners, of the
unincorporated enterprises without legal personality, in
which they work. In this category are also included:
contributing family workers and home workers who
produce for market, workers engaged in production
undertaken entirely for their own final consumption or
own capital formation, either individually or collectively.
Labour productivity per employed person was
calculated as a ratio between gross value added and
employment.
Labour productivity per hour worked was
calculated as a ratio between gross value added and the
number of hours worked.

aflat n Marea Neagr i enclavele teritoriale (ambasadele

i consulatele romne din strintate). Regionalizarea
indicatorilor se poate realiza dup metodele ascendente,
descendente sau mixte, n conturile regionale romneti
fiind utilizate, n principal, metoda descendent i, n funcie
de datele disponibile, metoda mixt.
Metodele sunt descrise mai jos:
Metoda ascendent (de jos n sus) presupune a
pleca de la informaiile relative ale unitilor rezidente
dintr-o regiune i apoi a le nsuma, pn la obinerea
totalului regional al agregatului respectiv. Suma valorilor
regionale trebuie s fie egal cu valorile naionale.
Metoda descendent (de sus n jos) presupune
repartizarea cifrei naionale a valorii adugate brute pe
regiuni, folosind diverse chei de distribuie, reflectnd pe
ct posibil caracteristicile estimate.
Metoda mixt presupune combinarea celor dou
metode mai sus prezentate n funcie de datele
disponibile i fiabile la nivel regional.

continental platform from the Black Sea and territorial

enclaves (Romanian embassies and consulates from
abroad). The regionalisation of indicators could be made
using the bottom-up, top-down or mixed methods, the
Romanian regional accounts compilation being based mainly
on the top-down method and, depending on the available
data, on the mixed one.
The methods are described below:
Bottom-up method considers as starting point the
information related to units located in a certain region
and their summing-up, thus obtaining the regional total of
the respective aggregate. The sum of regional values is
to be equal to national values.
Top-down method means a breakdown of national
gross value added figure by regions, using various
conversion keys, reflecting as far as possible the
estimated characteristics.
Mixed method means a combination of the above
two methods, depending on the available data, reliable at
regional level.

DEFINIII

DEFINITIONS

Capacitatea (+) sau necesarul (-) de finanare

reprezint soldul contului de capital i arat suma net a
resurselor pe care economia total le pune la dispoziia
restului lumii (dac este pozitiv) sau pe care le primete de
la restul lumii (dac este negativ).
Cheltuiala pentru consum final acoper cheltuielile
efectuate de ctre un sector pentru achiziionarea de
bunuri i servicii care sunt utilizate pentru a satisface
direct nevoile individuale sau colective ale membrilor
colectivitii. Cheltuiala pentru consumul final poate fi
efectuat pe teritoriul economic sau n restul lumii.
Cheltuiala pentru consum final al administraiilor
publice cuprinde dou categorii de cheltuieli:
valoarea bunurilor i serviciilor produse de
administraiile publice n alte scopuri dect formarea
de capital pentru sine sau vnzare;
cheltuielile pe care administraiile publice le consacr
cumprrii de bunuri i servicii produse de ctre
productorii de bunuri i servicii destinate pieei n
vederea furnizrii lor, fr prelucrare, gospodriilor
populaiei cu titlu de transferuri sociale n natur.
Cheltuiala pentru consum final al gospodriilor
populaiei acoper cheltuielile pentru achiziionarea de
bunuri i servicii care sunt utilizate pentru a satisface direct
nevoile individuale ale membrilor acestora.
Cheltuiala pentru consum final al instituiilor fr
scop lucrativ n serviciul gospodriilor populaiei
cuprinde cheltuielile pe care aceste instituii le consacr
achiziionrii de bunuri i servicii produse de ctre
productorii de bunuri i servicii destinate pieei n
vederea furnizrii lor, fr prelucrri, gospodriilor
populaiei cu titlu de transferuri sociale n natur.

Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) is the

balancing item of the capital account and shows the
resources that the nation puts at the disposal of the rest
of world or that it receives from the rest of the world (in
case a borrowing occurs).
Final consumption expenditure consists of
expenditure incurred by resident institutional units for the
purchase of goods and services that are used for directly
meeting of individual needs or the collective needs of the
community members. Final consumption expenditure may
take place on the domestic economic territory or abroad.
Final consumption expenditure of general
government includes two categories of expenditure:
the value of the goods and services produced by
general government itself for other purpose than
own-account capital formation or sale;
purchases by general government of goods and
services produced by market producers that are
supplied to households without any transformation
as social transfers in kind.
Households final consumption expenditure
covers the expenditure for purchasing goods and
services to directly meet the individual needs of resident
household members.
Final consumption expenditure of non-profit
institutions serving households (NPISHs) includes
expenditure by NPISHs on goods or services produced
by market producers that are supplied - without any
transformation - to households for their consumption as
social transfers in kind.

Consumul final colectiv efectiv al administraiilor

publice cuprinde cheltuiala pentru consum colectiv al
administraiilor publice (servicii publice generale, aprare
naional i securitatea teritoriului, meninerea ordinii i
securitii publice, activiti legislative i de reglementare,
cercetare i dezvoltare etc.)
Consumul final individual efectiv al gospodriilor
populaiei cuprinde: cheltuielile gospodriilor populaiei
pentru cumprarea de bunuri i servicii n scopul
satisfacerii nevoilor membrilor lor, cheltuiala pentru
consum individual al administraiilor publice (nvmnt,
sntate, securitate social i aciuni sociale, cultur,
sport, activiti recreative, colectarea de deeuri
menajere) i cheltuiala pentru consum individual al
instituiilor fr scop lucrativ n serviciul gospodriilor.
Consumul final efectiv cuprinde bunurile i serviciile
achiziionate de ctre unitile instituionale rezidente pentru
satisfacerea direct a nevoilor umane, att individuale ct i
colective.
Consumul intermediar reprezint valoarea
bunurilor i serviciilor, excluznd activele fixe, utilizate ca
intrri n cursul produciei i care sunt fie transformate,
fie consumate n totalitate n timpul procesului de
producie.
Cotizaiile sociale n sarcina patronilor pot fi
efective sau imputate.
Cotizaiile sociale efective n sarcina patronilor
cuprind vrsmintele pe care acetia le efectueaz, n
beneficiul salariailor lor, ctre organismele de asigurare.
Cotizaiile sociale imputate n sarcina patronilor
reprezint contravaloarea prestaiilor sociale furnizate
direct de patroni salariailor lor, fotilor salariai i altora
care au acest drept, fr s fi recurs n acest scop la o
societate de asigurri sau la un fond de pensii autonom sau
la constituirea unui fond specific sau unei rezerve distincte.
Economia brut reprezint soldul contului de
utilizare a venitului disponibil i msoar partea de venit
disponibil brut care nu este destinat cheltuielii pentru
consum final.
Economia neobservat reprezint totalul activitilor
economice care sunt ascunse observaiilor statistice.
Excedentul brut de exploatare este soldul contului
de exploatare i reprezint ceea ce rmne din valoarea
adugat creat n procesul de producie dup
remunerarea salariailor i plata impozitelor pe producie.
Exporturile de bunuri i servicii reprezint
ansamblul de bunuri i servicii furnizate de rezidenii
Romniei ctre nerezideni prin intermediul vnzrilor,
trocului, donaiilor sau transferurilor.
Formarea brut de capital fix reprezint valoarea
bunurilor durabile (active corporale i necorporale),
destinate altor scopuri dect cele militare, achiziionate de
unitile productoare rezidente cu scopul de a fi utilizate
timp de cel puin un an n procesul de producie, precum i
valoarea serviciilor ncorporate n bunurile de capital fix.

Governments
actual
collective
final
consumption comprises government expenditure for
collective consumption (management and regulation of
society, security and defence, the maintenance of law
and order, legislation and regulation, research and
development a.s.o. ).
Households actual individual final consumption
consists of households expenditure on purchasing goods
and services in order to directly meet the individual
needs of resident households members, government
expenditure for individual consumption (education,
health, social security, and welfare, culture, sport,
recreation, collection of households refuse) and NPISH
expenditure for individual consumption.
Actual final consumption consists of the goods or
services that are purchased by resident institutional units
for directly meeting of human needs, whether individual
or collective.
Intermediate consumption consists of the value of
the goods and services, excluding fixed assets,
consumed as inputs in a process of production that are
either transformed or entirely consumed within the
production process.
Employers social contributions may be actual
and imputed.
Employers actual social contributions consist of
the payments made by employers for the benefit of their
employees, to insurance bodies.
Employers imputed social contributions represent
the counterpart to social benefits paid directly by employers
to their employees or former employees and other eligible
persons without involving an insurance enterprise or
autonomous pension fund and without creating special
fund or segregated reserve for the purpose.
Gross savings represent the balancing item of the
use of disposable income account and it measures the
part of gross disposable income that is not intended to
final consumption expenditure.
Non-observed economy represents the total of
economic activities hidden to statistical observations.
Gross operating surplus is the balancing item of
the generation of income account and it corresponds to
the remaining value added after deducting compensation
of employees and the taxes on production.
Exports of goods and services consist of
transactions in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or
grants) from residents to non-residents of Romania.
Gross fixed capital formation represents the value
of the durable goods (tangible and intangible assets) for
non-military purposes, purchased by the resident
producing units to be used at least one year in the
production process, as well as the value of services
incorporated in fixed capital goods.

Importurile de bunuri i servicii reprezint

ansamblul bunurilor i serviciilor furnizate de nerezideni
ctre rezidenii Romniei prin intermediul vnzrilor,
trocului, donaiilor sau transferurilor.
Impozitele curente pe venit, patrimoniu etc.
cuprind toate vrsmintele obligatorii, fr contrapartid,
n bani sau n natur, prelevate n mod periodic de
administraiile publice i de restul lumii asupra venitului i
patrimoniului unitilor instituionale, ct i anumite
impozite periodice, care nu sunt percepute nici asupra
venitului, nici a patrimoniului.
Impozitele pe producie i importuri sunt
vrsminte obligatorii fr contrapartid, n bani sau n
natur, prelevate de administraiile publice sau de
instituiile Uniunii Europene. Ele se descompun n:
impozite pe produse (impozite datorate pe unitatea de
bun sau de serviciu produs sau schimbat);
alte impozite pe producie (impozite pe care
ntreprinderile le suport ca urmare a activitii lor de
producie, independent de cantitatea sau valoarea
bunurilor i serviciilor vndute sau schimbate).
Prestaiile sociale cuprind transferurile n natur
sau numerar atribuite persoanelor pentru acoperirea
unor riscuri sau nevoi ca: boal, btrnee, deces,
invaliditate, omaj, accidente de munc, boli
profesionale. Ele cuprind de asemenea alocaiile pentru
copii i ajutoare pentru unele categorii de familii.
Producia este o activitate socialmente organizat
pentru a realiza bunuri i servicii n cursul unei perioade
date.
Producia de bunuri i servicii destinate pieei
reprezint producia vndut sau destinat vnzrii pe
pia la un pre semnificativ din punct de vedere
economic. Prin convenie, conform conturilor naionale
toate bunurile sunt considerate destinate pieei. Serviciile
destinate pieei reprezint acele servicii care pot face
obiectul cumprrii pe pia i care sunt realizate de o
unitate economic ale crei resurse provin, n cea mai
mare parte, din vnzarea produciei realizate.
Producia pentru consumul final propriu cuprinde
bunurile sau serviciile pe care o unitate instituional le
produce i le pstreaz, fie n scopul consumului final, fie
n scopul formrii brute de capital fix (numai gospodriile
populaiei pot pstra produse n scopul consumului final
propriu, ca de exemplu produsele agricole conservate de
agricultori; n schimb toate sectoarele pot pstra
produsele n scopul formrii brute de capital fix pentru
sine, cum ar fi: maini, unelte fabricate de ctre
ntreprinderi, locuine construite de ctre populaie,
construciile pentru sine efectuate de ntreprinderi).
Producia non-pia const n producia
administraiilor publice i instituiilor fr scop lucrativ n
serviciul gospodriilor populaiei furnizat altor uniti
instituionale, fie cu titlu gratuit, fie la un pre
nesemnificativ din punct de vedere economic.

Imports of goods and services consist of

transactions in goods and services (purchases, barter,
gifts or grants) from non-residents to residents of
Romania.
Current taxes on income, wealth a.s.o. cover all
compulsory, unrequited payments, in cash or in kind,
levied periodically by general government and by the rest
of the world on the income and wealth of institutional
units, and some periodic taxes which are levied neither
on the income, nor the wealth.
Taxes on production and imports cover all
compulsory, unrequited payments, in cash or in kind,
levied periodically by general government and by the
European Union units. Taxes on production and imports
are divided into:
taxes on products (due taxes on goods or services
unit produced or transformed);
other taxes on production (taxes paid by enterprises
as a result of production activity independent of the
amount or value of goods and services sold or
transformed).
Social benefits comprise all current transfers in
kind or in cash, provided to individuals in order to cover
certain risks or needs such as: sickness, old age, death,
disability, unemployment, work injury, occupational
disease. They comprise also allowances for children and
for certain family categories assistance.
Production is an activity organized within the
society in order to produce goods and services during a
given period.
Market production of goods and services is the
output sold at prices that are economically significant or
intended to be sold on the market. By convention and
according to national accounts rules, all the goods are
considered to be sold on the market. The output of
market services covers all services which could be
purchased on the market and are produced by an
economic unit whose resources are mainly covered by
revenue from sales of their own output.
Output for own final use covers goods or services
that are retained either for final consumption by the
institutional unit or for gross fixed capital formation. Only
households can produce and retain output for own final
consumption, for example, agricultural goods produced
and consumed by members of the same household.
Goods or services used for own gross fixed capital
formation can be produced by any kind of enterprise.
They include, for example, machine tools produced for
their own use by enterprises, dwellings or extensions to
dwellings produced by households.
Other non-market output consists of goods and
individual or collective services produced by general
government and NPISHs that are supplied free, or at
prices that are not economically significant, to other
units.

Ramura de activitate reprezint o grupare de

uniti cu producie omogen (ce grupeaz unitile cu
activitate economic local). Aceste uniti se
caracterizeaz printr-o activitate unic i anume prin
intrri de produse i servicii, prin procese de producie i
ieiri cu produse omogene.
Remunerarea salariailor este definit, n
contabilitatea naional, din punct de vedere al
angajatorului i reprezint costul forei de munc
cuprinznd nu numai salariile declarate, precum i toate
formele de remunerare direct i indirect.
Salariile nete primite reprezint sumele primite de
angajai n contrapartida muncii depuse (inclusiv prime,
sporuri, avantaje n natur), din care se scad cotizaiile
sociale n sarcina salariailor, precum i impozitul pe
venit.
Subveniile sunt transferuri curente fr
contrapartid pe care administraiile publice sau
instituiile Uniunii Europene le vars productorilor
rezideni n scopul influenrii nivelurilor lor de producie,
preurilor lor sau remunerrii factorilor de producie.
Exist dou categorii de subvenii:
subvenii pe produse (sumele vrsate pe unitatea de
bun sau serviciu produs sau importat);
alte subvenii pe producie (sumele de care pot
beneficia unitile productoare rezidente, n funcie
de activitile lor de producie).
Unitatea instituional reprezint centrul elementar
de decizie economic caracterizat prin unicitate de
comportament, cu autonomie de decizie n exercitarea
funciei sale principale i care dispune de o contabilitate
complet.
Valoarea adugat brut este soldul contului de
producie reprezentnd valoarea nou creat n procesul
de producie.
Variaia stocurilor este msurat prin valoarea
intrrilor n stoc, diminuat cu valoarea ieirilor din
stoc i cu eventualele pierderi curente ale stocurilor
datorate deteriorrilor fizice, pagubelor accidentale
sau furturilor. Stocurile reprezint bunurile, altele
dect cele de capital fix, deinute la un moment dat de
unitile de producie.
Venitul disponibil brut este soldul contului de venit
i msoar partea din valoarea creat de care dispune
naiunea, pentru consum final i economie brut.
Veniturile fiscale sunt vrsminte obligatorii ctre
administraiile publice sub forma impozitelor pe producie
i importuri, a impozitelor pe venit i patrimoniu i a
impozitului pe capital.
Veniturile nete din proprietate ale ntreprinderii
reprezint veniturile ncasate de ntreprinderi sub forma
dobnzilor, a rentelor asupra terenurilor i activelor
nemateriale nchiriate pentru exploatare, a dividendelor
i a altor venituri ncasate, din care se scad veniturile de
aceeai natur pltite de ntreprindere altor uniti
(sectoare, societi etc.).

The industry represents a grouping of units with

homogeneous production (formed by local kind of activity
units). These units are characterised by unique activity
i.e inputs of products and services, by production
processes and outputs of homogeneous products.
Compensation of employees is defined in national
accountancy, from the employer standpoint and
represents the labour force cost, comprising not only
stated salaries, but all forms of direct and indirect
compensation.
Net salaries received include the amounts received
directly by the employees in return for their work
(including bonuses, enhanced rates of pay, payments in
kind) after deducting the social compulsory contributions
of employees and tax on income.
Subsidies are current unrequited payments which
general government or the institutions of the European
Union make to resident producers, with the objective of
influencing their levels of production, their prices or the
remuneration of the production factors.
Subsidies are classified into:
subsidies on products (subsidies payable per unit of
goods or services produced or imported);
other subsidies on production (amounts which
resident producer units may receive depending on
their producing activities).
Institutional unit is an elementary economic
decision-making center characterized by uniqueness of
behavior, decision-making autonomy in the exercise of
its principal function and which keeps (or can compile at
request) a complete set of accounts.
Gross value added is the balancing item of the
production account and measures the value newly created
within the production process.
Change in inventories is measured by the value of
the inventories less the value of withdrawals and the
value of any recurrent losses of goods held in inventories
due to physical deterioration, or accidental damage or
pilfering. Inventories include all goods, other than fixed
capital goods, held at a given moment in time by
producer units.
Gross disposable income is the balancing item of
the income account and measures the part of the
created value at the nations disposal intended for final
consumption and gross saving.
Fiscal revenues represent compulsory payments to
general government taking the form of taxes on
production and import, taxes on income and wealth and
the taxes on capital.
Net property and entrepreneurial income covers
the income of an enterprise which takes the form of
interests, rents on land and intangible assets, rented for
production purposes, dividends and other income, after
deducting the income of the same nature paid by the
enterprise to other units (sectors, companies a.s.o.).

11.G1

Evoluia produsului intern brut

Gross domestic product evolution
anul precedent = 100 / previous year = 100

110

103,9

105
100
95

108,5

107,1
103,2

105,7
102,4
99,6

107,9

105,2

105,1

104,2

101,5

94,4

95,1

106,3

102,3
98,9
100,6

97,9
93,4

91,2

90

107,3

87,1

85
80
0

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2012

Not: Datele pentru anul 2012 sunt semidefinitive.

Note: The data for 2012 are semi-final.

11.G2

Contribuii la creterea produsului intern brut, pe categorii de resurse

Contributions to gross domestic product growth, by category of resources

2,4

2,3

2,1

2
1,0

1
0
-1
-2

-0,2
-0,3
-1,1

0,5

-0,4 -0,5
-1,1
-1,4
-1,7

0,8

0,7

0,1

0,6

0,2
-0,4

-1,7

-1,6

-3
-4

0,3

Produsul
Intern Brut
Gross Domestic
Product
Agricultur,
silvicultur i
pescuit
Agriculture,
forestry and fishing
Industrie
Industry

-3,6

-5

Construcii
Construction

-6

Servicii
Services

-7

-6,6

2009

2010

Not: Datele pentru anul 2012 sunt semidefinitive.

Note: The data for 2012 are semi-final.

2011

2012

Impozite nete
Net taxes

11.G3

Contribuii la creterea produsului intern brut, pe categorii de utilizri

Contributions to gross domestic product growth, by category of uses

10
8
6

8,0

7,8

7,3

6,3

7,0

6,7
4,7

4
2
0

0,8

0,5

0,2
-0,1

-2

0,1

0,0

0,4

1,0

1,9

1,2 1,0
0,6
0,0

-0,2 -0,2 -0,2

-0,5 -1,1

-3,6

-6

-6,6
-6,8

-8
-10

2,3

-0,4
-1,1 -1,2

-1,0

-4

1,4

-9,6

2007

-9,0

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Produsul Intern Brut

Gross Domestic Product

Formarea brut de capital fix

Gross fixed capital formation

Consumul final individual efectiv al

gospodriilor populaiei
Households actual individual final consumption

Export net (export - import)

Net export (export - import)

Consumul final colectiv efectiv al

administraiilor publice
Governments actual collective final consumption

Variaia stocurilor
Change in inventories

Not: Datele pentru anul 2012 sunt semidefinitive.

Note: The data for 2012 are semi-final.

11

CONTURI NAIONALE
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9

11.10
11.11
11.12
11.13

Produsul intern brut, pe categorii de resurse

Produsul intern brut, pe categorii de utilizri
Indicii produsului intern brut, pe categorii de resurse i categorii de utilizri
Agregatele macroeconomice ale sectoarelor instituionale
Indicatori specifici ai sectoarelor instituionale
Principalele agregate, pe locuitor
Rate specifice conturilor naionale
Populaia ocupat, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i dup statutul profesional
Ore lucrate de populaia ocupat, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i
dup statutul profesional
Productivitatea muncii, pe persoan ocupat
Productivitatea orar a muncii
Producia, consumul intermediar i valoarea adugat brut, pe activiti
Indicii produciei, consumului intermediar i valorii adugate brute, pe activiti
TERITORIAL

11.14
11.15
11.16
11.17
11.18
11.19
11.20
11.21
11.22
11.23
11.24
11.25
11.26

Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2000

Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2001
Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2002
Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2003
Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2004
Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2005
Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2006
Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2007
Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2008
Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2009
Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2010
Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2011
Produsul intern brut regional

INVESTIII I
IMOBILIZRI CORPORALE

INVESTMENTS AND
TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS

12

SURSA DATELOR







Cercetri statistice:
Ancheta structural n ntreprinderi;
Cercetri statistice i bilanuri contabile completate
de: operatorii economici, unitile social-culturale,
unitile administraiei publice i organizaiile
neguvernamentale, pentru datele privind investiiile;
Cercetri statistice privind investiiile n instituiile
administraiei publice;
Cercetri statistice i bilanuri contabile completate
de operatorii economici (aparinnd proprietii
publice, mixte, private i cooperatiste) i unitile
social-culturale, unitile administraiei publice,
organizaiile politice i obteti, pentru datele privind
imobilizrile corporale.

DATA SOURCE







Statistical surveys:
Structural business survey;
Statistical surveys and accounting balance sheets
filled in by: economic operators, socio-cultural units,
public administration units and non-governmental
organizations, for data on investments;
Statistical surveys on public administration
institutions investments;
Statistical surveys and accounting balance sheets
filled in by economic operators (under to public,
mixed, private and co-operative ownership), by
socio-cultural units, public administration units,
political and community organizations, for data on
tangible fixed assets.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

INVESTIII NETE

NET INVESTMENTS

Investiiile nete (noi) reprezint cheltuielile

efectuate pentru lucrri de construcii, de instalaii i de
montaj, pentru achiziionarea de utilaje, mijloace de
transport, alte cheltuieli destinate crerii de noi
mijloace fixe, pentru dezvoltarea, modernizarea,
reconstrucia celor existente, precum i valoarea
serviciilor legate de transferul de proprietate al
mijloacelor fixe existente i al terenurilor preluate cu
plat de la alte uniti (taxe notariale, comisioane,
cheltuieli de transport, de ncrcare-descrcare) etc.
Nu se cuprinde n volumul investiiilor nete (noi)
valoarea terenurilor i a mijloacelor fixe din ar care au
mai fost folosite (cumprate de la alte uniti).
Investiiile nete sunt prezentate pe activiti
omogene ale economiei naionale, surse de finanare i
elemente de structur.
Investiiile nete cuprind urmtoarele elemente de
structur:
construcii - reprezint ansamblul lucrrilor prin
care se realizeaz construciile noi, reconstruirea,
dezvoltarea, modernizarea cldirilor cu destinaie
industrial, agricol etc. De asemenea, n construcii
se mai cuprind i lucrrile de montaj ale utilajelor
tehnologice i funcionale cu ntregul complex de
operaii prin care se realizeaz asamblarea pe
antier a componentelor lor, precum i fixarea pe
fundaii a acestora (inclusiv valoarea probelor i
rodajelor mecanice la utilaje i linii tehnologice);
utilaje (cu i fr montaj) - reprezint mainile,
echipamentele, liniile i instalaiile tehnologice care
pot funciona numai dup asigurarea lucrrilor de
montaj, respectiv cele care pot funciona
independent. De asemenea, n aceast grup sunt
cuprinse i mijloacele de transport. Acestea
reprezint acele mijloace folosite pentru deplasarea

Net (new) investments represent expenditure for

construction, installations and assembly works, for
equipment and transport means purchasing, other
expenditure for creating new fixed assets, for
developing, modernizing, rebuilding the existing ones, as
well as the value of services related to ownership
transfer of existing fixed assets and lands paid from
other units (notary duties, commissions, transport,
loading - unloading expenditure) a.s.o.
Volume of net (new) investments does not include
value of lands and fixed assets from the country which
were used before (bought from other units).
Net investments are presented by homogeneous
activity of national economy, financing source and
structural elements.
Net investments comprise the following
structural elements:
construction - represent all works carried out in
order to create new buildings, rebuilding, developing,
modernizing the buildings with industrial, agricultural
destination a.s.o. At the same time, construction also
comprise the assembly works for technological and
functioning equipment with all operations needed for
assembling their components on the building site, as
well as for their fixation on foundations (including the
value of mechanical tests and running in the
technological equipment);
outfits (with and without assembly) - represent
technological machinery, installations, equipment
and lines which can function only after ensuring
assembly works, respectively those that can function
independently. This group also comprises means of
transport. They represent means used for movement
inside and outside unit, such as: means of road, sea

n exteriorul i n interiorul unitii, cum ar fi: mijloacele

de transport rutier, naval (inclusiv platforme de foraj i
de exploatare), feroviar, aerian, biciclete, motociclete,
vehicule pentru invalizi, vehicule cu traciune manual
i animal;
lucrri geologice i de foraj - reprezint ansamblul
lucrrilor pentru: identificarea de noi rezerve de
substane minerale utile, n stare solid i fluid, n
cadrul perimetrelor aflate n exploatare, n structuri noi
i n curs de cercetare; promovarea rezervelor de
substane minerale utile n categorii superioare;
precizarea unor caracteristici ale rezervelor de
substane minerale utile n vederea ncadrrii lor n
grupa rezervelor de bilan; obinerea datelor de
proiectare a construciilor energetice, hidrotehnice,
industriale etc., pentru determinarea structurii i
compoziiei solului, a regimului de ape freatice, pentru
terenurile unde urmeaz s fie amplasate obiective
de investiii; extragerea substanelor minerale utile n
stare fluid (foraj de exploatare); creterea factorului
de recuperare i a ritmului de exploatare a ieiului,
prin injectarea de fluide n zcmnt;
alte investiii nete - reprezint cheltuielile efectuate
pentru cumprarea animalelor de munc, de
producie i reproducie, plantaii de vii, pomi,
mpduriri, achiziionarea obiectelor de inventar
gospodresc de natura mijloacelor fixe, plata
studiilor de cercetare i proiectare pentru obiective
de investiii, comisionul bncilor pentru operaiuni
efectuate n legtur cu investiiile.
Indicii privind evoluia investiiilor nete au fost
calculai pe baza datelor n preuri comparabile. Pentru
perioada 2008-2010, indicii de pre utilizai pentru
calculul n preuri comparabile, au ca baz anul 2005
(2005=100), iar ncepnd cu anul 2011, anul de baz
este 2010 (2010=100).

(including dwilling and exploitation platforms), rail

and air transport, bycicles, motorcycles, vehicles for
disabled persons, manual and animal hand vehicles;

geological and drilling works - represent all works

carried out: to identify the new reserves of useful
mineral substances in solid or liquid state, within the
areas under exploitation, in new structures and
those areas under research; to promote useful
mineral substances reserves in superior categories;
to specify some characteristics of useful mineral
substances reserves in order to classify them within
balance reserves group; to obtain designing data for
energy, hydrotechnical, industrial construction a.s.o.,
in order to determine the soil structure and
composition, the surface water regime, for the lands
of investment objectives; to dig out liquid useful
mineral substances (exploitation drilling), as well as
works performed in order to increase the retrieving
factor and the pace of crude petroleum extraction, by
injecting fluids in the oil deposits;
other net investments - represent the expenditure
made for purchasing animals for work, production
and breeding, vineyards, orchards, afforestations,
purchasing of household inventory objects, as fixed
assets, payments of research and design studies for
investment objectives, bank commissions for
operations made in correlation with investments.
Indices regarding net investments evolution were
computed on the basis of data expressed in comparable
prices. For 2008-2010 period, price indices used for the
calculation in comparable prices, have as base the year
2005 (2005=100) and since 2011, the base year is 2010
(2010=100).

IMOBILIZRI CORPORALE

TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS

Imobilizrile corporale sunt active nefinanciare

produse care constau n: locuine, alte cldiri (cldiri
industriale, cldiri comerciale, hoteluri i restaurante, cldiri
destinate educaiei, spitale etc.); structuri (autostrzi, strzi,
ci ferate, aerodromuri etc.); maini i echipamente
(echipamente pentru transport, echipamente radio-TV i
comunicaii, instrumente medicale, mobil, instrumente
muzicale etc.); plantaii i animale.

Tangible fixed assets are non-financial produced

assets that consist of: dwellings, other buildings
(industrial buildings, commercial buildings, hotels and
restaurants, educational buildings, hospitals a.s.o.);
structures (highways, streets, railways, airfields a.s.o.);
machinery and equipment (transport equipment, radio,
television and communication equipment, medical
instruments, furniture, musical instruments a.s.o.);
plantations and livestock.
Beginning with 1992, data on tangible fixed assets
were reevaluated according to the specific legislation.
Starting with 1994, the value of land under economic
and social operators ownership was also included in the
value of tangible fixed assets.
Indices on the evolution of tangible fixed assets were
calculated based on the data in comparable prices.

ncepnd cu anul 1992, imobilizrile corporale au

fost reevaluate conform legislaiei specifice.
Din anul 1994, n valoarea imobilizrilor corporale
s-a inclus i valoarea terenurilor deinute de operatorii
economico-sociali.
Indicii privind evoluia imobilizrilor corporale au
fost calculai pe baza datelor n preuri comparabile.

12.G1

Investiii nete, pe principalele activiti ale economiei naionale

Net investments, by main activities of national economy
CAEN Rev.2 / CANE Rev.2
2011

2012

1)

3,7%

3,7%

37,7%

44,2%

42,3%

39,5%

14,4%

12.G2

14,5%

Agricultur, silvicultur i pescuit

Agriculture, forestry and fishing

Construcii
Construction

Industrie
Industry

Servicii
Services

Investiii nete realizate, pe surse de finanare

Net investments, by financing source
20121)

2011
11,8%

11,4%

2,3%

2,5%

9,9%

8,1%
3,5%

3,2%

6,5%

6,2%

68,0%

66,6%

Surse proprii
Own sources

12.G3

Buget de stat i bugete locale

State budget and local budgets

Credite interne
Internal credits

Capital strin
Foreign capital

Credite externe
External credits

Alte surse
Other sources

Investiii nete, pe elemente de structur

Net investments, by structural elements
2011

1,6%

2012

5,1%

1,9%

1)

3,3%

45,4%

44,0%

49,3%

49,4%

Construcii
Construction

Lucrri geologice
Geological works

Utilaje
Outfits

Alte cheltuieli de investiii

Other investments expediture

1) Date provizorii. / Provisional data.

12

INVESTIII I IMOBILIZRI CORPORALE

INVESTIII NETE
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8

Investiii nete, pe activiti ale economiei naionale

Investiii nete realizate, pe surse de finanare
Investiii nete, pe forme de proprietate
Investiii nete, pe elemente de structur
Indicii investiiilor nete, pe activiti ale economiei naionale
Indicii investiiilor nete, conform CAEN Rev.1
Investiii nete, pe activiti ale industriei
Indicii investiiilor nete, pe activiti ale industriei
INVESTIII NETE

12.9
12.10
12.11
12.12
12.13
12.14

Balana imobilizrilor corporale

Imobilizri corporale, pe activiti ale economiei naionale
Imobilizri corporale, pe forme de proprietate
Indicii imobilizrilor corporale, pe activiti ale economiei naionale
Imobilizri corporale, pe activiti ale industriei
Indicii imobilizrilor corporale, pe activiti ale industriei

TIIN, TEHNOLOGIE
I INOVARE

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY
AND INNOVATION

13

SURSA DATELOR




Cercetri statistice:
Cercetri statistice privind activitatea de cercetaredezvoltare;
Cercetri statistice privind inovarea n industrie i
servicii, avnd la baz Ancheta Comunitar de
Inovare (CIS) a Uniunii Europene.
Surse administrative:
Oficiul de Stat pentru Invenii i Mrci (OSIM), pentru
datele referitoare la brevete de invenie i alte
obiecte ale proprietii industriale.

DATA SOURCE




Statistical surveys:
Statistical surveys on research-development activity;
Statistical surveys on innovation in industry and
services, based on the Community Innovation
Survey (CIS) of the European Union.
Administrative sources:
State Office for Inventions and Trademarks (SOIT),
for the data on patents and other objects of industrial
properties.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

Domeniul tiinei, tehnologiei i inovrii prezentat n

acest capitol cuprinde statistici referitoare la: cercetaredezvoltare, inovare, brevete de invenie i alte obiecte ale
proprietii industriale.

Science, technology and innovation field presented

in this chapter comprises statistics regarding researchdevelopment, innovation, patents and other objects of
industrial property.

CERCETARE - DEZVOLTARE

RESEARCH - DEVELOPMENT

Sfera de cuprindere: unitile specializate (cu

activitate principal) n cercetare-dezvoltare, unitile
economice i sociale care au colective de cercetaredezvoltare, staiuni i institute de cercetare i producie
agricol, unitile de nvmnt superior i clinicile
universitare care au structuri de cercetare-dezvoltare,
organizaii non-profit care au desfurat activitate de
cercetare-dezvoltare.
Cercetarea-dezvoltarea - activitatea sistematic i
creatoare iniiat pentru a spori volumul de cunotine,
inclusiv cunotinele despre om, cultur i utilizarea
acestor cunotine pentru noi aplicaii.
Tipuri de cercetare-dezvoltare:
cercetarea fundamental, activitate experimental
sau teoretic iniiat n primul rnd, pentru
acumularea de noi cunotine privind aspectele
fundamentale ale fenomenelor i faptelor
observabile fr s aib n vedere o aplicaie
deosebit sau specific;
cercetarea aplicativ, activitate de investigare
original n scopul acumulrii de noi cunotine, fiind
ns orientat, n principal, spre un scop sau un
obiectiv practic, specific;
dezvoltarea experimental, activitate sistematic,
ce se folosete de cunotinele existente acumulate
de pe urma cercetrii i/sau a experienei practice n
vederea lansrii n fabricaie de noi materiale,
produse i dispozitive, introducerea de noi
procedee, sisteme i servicii sau mbuntirea
substanial a celor deja existente.
Datele statistice aferente activitii de cercetaredezvoltare includ i proiectarea tehnologic.

Coverage: specialised units (with main activity) in

research-development, economic and social units having
research-development staff, agricultural production and
research institutes and stations, higher-education units
and university clinics which have research-development
structures, non-profit organisations which carried out
research-development activity.
Research-development - the systematic and
creative activity initiated to enhance the volume of
knowledge, including those on human being, culture and
using them for new applications.
Types of research-development:
fundamental research, experimental or theoretical
activity primarily initiated to accumulate new
knowledge on the fundamental aspects of
phenomena and facts that could be examined,
without having in view a special or specific
application;
applicative research, activity of original
investigation in order to accumulate new knowledge,
being mainly oriented towards a specific practical
purpose or objective;
experimental development, systematic activity
which uses the knowledge accumulated as a result
of research and/or practical experience in order to
launch in fabrication new materials, products and
devices, to introduce new procedures, systems and
services or to significantly improve those already
existing.
Statistical data related to research-development
activity also include technological design.

Resursele umane i financiare din cercetaredezvoltare sunt prezentate pe sectoare de performan,

conform metodologiei prevzut n Manualul Frascati al
OECD, ediia 2002, dup modelul celor din Sistemul
Conturilor Naionale, astfel:
sectorul de performan mediul de afaceri
(BES-business) cuprinde unitile din mediul de
afaceri al economiei naionale care au activitate
principal sau secundar de cercetare-dezvoltare,
cunoscute sau necunoscute la momentul realizrii
eantionului de uniti raportoare.
Acest sector include: toate ntreprinderile,
organizaiile si instituiile din mediul de afaceri a
cror activitate este producerea de bunuri i servicii
destinate pieei.
Nucleul de baz al sectorului de performan
BES este format din ntreprinderi private
(corporaii sau cvasi-corporaii), chiar dac obin sau
nu profit. Printre aceste ntreprinderi pot fi gsite
unele firme, pentru care activitatea de cercetaredezvoltare este principala activitate (ca de exemplu:
instituii comerciale de cercetare-dezvoltare i
laboratoare).
Adiional, acest sector poate s includ
ntreprinderi publice (corporaii publice sau cvasicorporaii guvernamentale) angajate n producia i
vnzarea unui anumit tip de bunuri i servicii care
sunt de obicei furnizate de ctre ntreprinderi private.
Acest sector include de asemenea i instituiile
non-profit care sunt direct productoare de
bunuri i servicii, altele dect serviciile de
nvmnt superior cum ar fi:
instituiile non-profit angajate n producia de pia
care au ca activitate principal producerea de
bunuri i servicii n scopul vnzrii la un pre care
acoper principalele costuri de producie. n acest
sector se pot include institute de cercetare,
anumite clinici i spitale private , firme cu diverse
practici medicale contra unei taxe, care sunt n
msur s atrag
fonduri suplimentare sub
form de donaii sau din active proprii.
instituiile non-profit
care deservesc sectorul
mediului de afaceri. Acestea sunt create i
ndrumate de asociaii din mediul de afaceri care
au ca scop promovarea propriei activiti , cum ar
fi asociaiile comerciale sau agricole.
sectorul de performan guvernamental
(GOV-governmental) cuprinde
toate unitile
guvernamentale (inclusiv ministere ordonatoare de
credite bugetare destinate activitii de cercetaredezvoltare), unitti care furnizeaz servicii publice,
cele cu activitti de cercetare-dezvoltare ale
administraiei centrale i locale, precum i institutele
naionale de cercetare-dezvoltare.
sectorul de performan nvmnt superior
(HES-tertiary education) cuprinde toate unitile
din nvmntul superior de stat i particular,
pecum i clinicile medicale care se afl sub
ndrumarea direct sau administrate n asociaie cu
instituii din sectorul nvmnt superior i care
desfoar activiti de cercetare-dezvoltare.

Human and financial resources from researchdevelopment are presented by sectors of performance,
according to the methodology stipulated in the Frascati
Manual of OECD, 2002 edition, observing the model of
those used in the National Accounts System, as follows:
Sector of enterprises performance (BESbusiness) includes units from the business
environment of national economy, whose main or
secondary activity is R&D, either known or unknown
at the time of setting up the reporting units sample.
This sector includes: all the firms, organisations
and institutions from the business environment
having as main activity production of goods and
services for the market.
The basic nucleus of this sector consists in
private enterprises (corporations or
quasicorporations), irrespective if they get profit or not.
Among those enterprises there can be found some
firms for which R&D activity is the main activity (for
instance: R&D commercial institutions and labs).

Additionally, this sector can include public

enterprises (public corporations or governmental
quasi-corporations) involved in the production and
sale of a certain type of goods and services which
are usually supplied by private enterprises.
This sector also includes non profit
institutions which directly produce goods and
services, other than higher education services
such as:
non profit institutions involved in the market
production having as main activity production of
goods and services in order to sell for a price
covering the main production costs. This sector
can include research institutes, certain private
clinics and hospitals, firms with various medical
practices for a fee, which can draw over additional
funds as donations or from own assets.
non profit institutions serving business sector.
They are created and guided by business
associations having as purpose to promote their
own activity, such as commercial or agricultural
associations.
governmental performance sector (GOVgovernmental) includes all the governmental units
(including authorising officers devoted to R&D
activities), units rendering public services, units with
R&D activities belonging to central and local
administrations, as well as national institutes of
research-development.

sector of tertiary education performance (HEStertiary education) includes all the units belonging
to public and private tertiary education and medical
clinics under direct guidance or administered in
association with institutions from tertiary education
sector carrying out R&D activities.

 sectorul de performan privat non-profit

(PNP- private non-profit) cuprinde uniuni, fundaii,
centre, asociaii, organizaii, sindicate, partide i
formaiuni politice care desfoar activiti de
cercetare-dezvoltare. Aici se includ i asociaiile
familiale.
Aceste uniti furnizeaz de regul servicii
colective sau individuale fr plat sau cu un pre total
nesemnificativ.

non profit private performance sector

(PNP- private non-profit) includes unions,
foundations, centres, associations, organizations,
trade unions, political parties and formations which
carry out R&D activities. Family associations are also
included here.
These units usually provide collective or
individual services free of charge or at an
insignificant price.

Personalul din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare

este constituit din persoanele care particip la realizarea
temelor de cercetare sau furnizeaz servicii directe legate
de aceast activitate.
Personalul de cercetare-dezvoltare a fost grupat dup
mai multe criterii (unele se refer la personalul cu calificare
superioar), astfel:
a) dup ocupaie:
cercettori - specialiti care lucreaz la conceperea
sau crearea de cunotine, noi produse i procedee,
metode i sisteme noi. n aceast categorie sunt inclui
cercettorii tiinifici atestai i alte categorii de
personal cu studii superioare care desfoar
nemijlocit activitate de cercetare-dezvoltare;
tehnicieni i asimilai - personalul cu un nivel mediu
de pregtire sau completat cu o pregtire postliceal de
specialitate ntr-un domeniu tehnic sau de alt natur i
care particip la activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare sub
controlul direct al cercettorilor;
alte categorii - muncitorii i personalul de secretariat
i de birou care particip la execuia proiectelor de
cercetare-dezvoltare sau care sunt direct implicai n
executarea unor astfel de proiecte.
b) dup nivelul de pregtire:
personal cu pregtire superioar care cuprinde studii
doctorale, studii postuniversitare i studii superioare;
personal cu alt pregtire (exclusiv superioar).
Datele dup nivelul de pregtire sunt prezentate
conform Clasificrii Internaionale Standard a Educaiei
(CISE), astfel:
deintori ai titlului de doctor;
studii postuniversitare (exclusiv deintori ai titlului
de doctor);
studii superioare de lung durat;
studii superioare de scurt durat;
alt pregtire (studii postliceale i de maitri, studii
liceale, profesionale i de ucenici, alte situaii).

Staff from research-development activity is

constituted of persons who participate in carrying out
research themes or who provide services directly related
to this research-development activity.
Research-development staff was broken-down by
several criteria (some refer only to the staff with higher
qualification), as follows:
a) by occupation:
researchers - experts working for accumulating
knowledge, concepts, creating new products and
procedures, methods and systems. This category
includes certified scientific researchers and other
categories of higher education staff, directly carrying
out research-development activity;
technicians and assimilated - persons with highschool education or completed by post high-school
specialised training for a technical field or another,
and who take part in research-development activity,
under direct control of researchers;
other categories - workers and secretariate and
office staff who take part in research-development
projects or are directly involved in such projects.

ncepnd cu anul 1993, personalul din activitatea de

cercetare-dezvoltare s-a calculat i n echivalent norm
ntreag prin transformarea numrului de lucrtori cu
norm parial n echivalent de lucrtori cu norm ntreag,
corespunztor timpului de lucru destinat acestei activiti.
Evaluarea resurselor umane s-a fcut astfel:
norm ntreag n domeniul cercetrii-dezvoltrii (90%
din timp sau peste);
lucreaz, n principal, n domeniul cercetrii-dezvoltrii
(50% - 90% din timp);
norm parial n domeniul cercetrii-dezvoltrii
(mai puin de 50% din timp).

b) by level of training:
staff with tertiary education, comprising doctorate,
post-university and tertiary studies;
staff with another education (excluding tertiary education).
The data by training level are presented according to
the International Standard Classification of
Education (ISCED), following:
doctorate holders;
post-university education (excluding doctorate
holders);
long-term tertiary education;
short-term tertiary education;
other education (post high-school and foremen
education,
high-school,
vocational
and
aprenticeship, other situations).
Starting with 1993, the staff from researchdevelopment activity has been also calculated in fulltime equivalent converting the number of part time
workers in equivalent of full-time workers, corresponding
to the working time devoted to this activity.
The evaluation of human resources was
performed as follows:
full-time in the field of research-development (90% of
time or over);
mainly working in the field of research-development
(50-90% of time);
part-time in the field of research-development
(less than 50% of time).

Cheltuielile curente cuprind toate plile,

reprezentnd costul forei de munc i al materialelor.
Cheltuielile de capital (investiii) cuprind plile
efectuate n cursul unei perioade pentru realizarea de
lucrri de construcii, achiziionarea de aparate,
instrumente, maini i echipamente sau alte cheltuieli de
aceast natur, menite s contribuie la creterea
volumului de mijloace fixe ale unitii.
Cheltuielile totale (curente i de capital) aferente
activitii de cercetare-dezvoltare s-au grupat dup o
serie de caracteristici, astfel:
a) dup sursa de finanare:
de la ntreprinderi, destinate realizrii lucrrilor de
cercetare-dezvoltare contractate de acestea,
precum i din resursele provenite din activitile de
producie, microproducie, economii la cheltuielile
generale ale unitii i alte surse de care dispune
unitatea;
din fondurile publice, administrate n principal de
coordonatorii de fonduri i utilizate pentru finanarea
lucrrilor de cercetare-dezvoltare realizate pe baz
de contracte i programe generale finanate de la
buget;
din fondurile publice generale universitare, care
cuprind sumele acordate prin granturi de ministerul
coordonator i creditele de la diferite organisme
internaionale;
de la unitile din nvmntul superior, pentru
realizarea lucrrilor de cercetare-dezvoltare
contractate de acestea precum i ncasrile din
microproducie, vnzri de reviste, jurnale, taxe de la
studeni, nchirieri de spaii etc.;
de la instituii fr scop lucrativ, pentru realizarea
lucrrilor de cercetare-dezvoltare contractate de
organizaii profesionale, asociaii sindicale, culturale,
organizaii de caritate sau ntrajutorare etc.;

Current expenditure include all payments,

representing the labour cost and cost of materials.
Capital expenditure (investments) include
payments made during a period for construction works,
purchase of apparatus, instruments, machinery and
equipment or other similar expenditure, meant to
contribute to the increase in the units fixed assets
volume.
Total expenditure (capital and current ones) for
research-development activity were structured by
several features, as follows:
a) by financing source:
from enterprises, to achieve research-development
works contracted by them, as well as from resources
coming from production activities, microproduction,
savings of unit general expenses and any other
available sources of the unit;
from public funds, mainly managed by funds
coordinators and used to finance researchdevelopment works based on contracts and general
programs financed from the budget;
from university public general funds, which
comprise grants from coordinator ministry and
credits from various international bodies;
from tertiary education units, to achieve researchdevelopment works contracted by them as well as
receipts from microproduction, sales of magazines,
newspapers, student taxes, space rents a.s.o.;

din fondurile din strintate, pentru activiti de

cercetare-dezvoltare, inclusiv sursele primite de la
organizaii internaionale, guverne sau instituii strine;
alte surse de finanare.
b) dup obiective socio-economice, cheltuielile
aferente activitii de cercetare-dezvoltare sunt structurate
pe tipuri de programe tiinifice utilizate pe plan
internaional (conform Nomenclatorului pentru analiza i
comparaia bugetelor i programelor tiinifice - NABS).

from non-lucrative institutions, to achieve

research-development works contracted by
professional organisations, trade unions, cultural
associations, charity or mutual assistance
organisations a.s.o.;
external funds, for research-development activities,
including sources from international bodies,
governments or foreign institutions;
other financing sources.
b) by socio-economic objectives, the expenditure for
research-development activity are structured by types of
scientific programmes used at international level (according
to the Nomenclature for analysis and comparison of
budgets and scientific programmes - NABS).

INOVAREA N INDUSTRIE I SERVICII

INNOVATION IN INDUSTRY AND SERVICES

Sfera de cuprindere: ntreprinderile active cu peste

9 salariai, care desfoar activiti comerciale i care au
activitatea economic principal n urmtoarele domenii:
industrie (CAEN Rev.2, diviziunile: 05-09, 10-33,
35, 36-39);
servicii (CAEN Rev.2, diviziunile: 46, 49-53, 58, 61,
62, 63, 64-66, 71).
Inovarea este o activitate din care rezult un produs
(bun sau serviciu) nou sau semnificativ mbuntit sau

Coverage: active enterprises with over 9 employees,

which develop commercial activities and which have their
main economic activity in the following fields:
industry (CANE Rev.2, divisions: 05-09, 10-33, 35,
36-39);
services (CANE Rev.2, divisions: 46, 49-53, 58, 61,
62, 63, 64-66, 71).
Innovation is an activity resulting in a new or
significantly improved product (good or service) or

un proces nou sau semnificativ mbuntit, o metod

nou de marketing sau o metod nou organizaional.
Inovarea este bazat pe rezultatele unor tehnologii noi, a
unor dezvoltri tehnologice, a noi combinaii ale
tehnologiei existente sau utilizarea altor cunotine
obinute de ntreprindere. Inovarea trebuie s fie nou
pentru ntreprindere, dar nu este necesar s fie nou
pentru sectorul de activitate sau pentru pia. Nu are
importan dac inovarea a aprut iniial n
ntreprinderea repondent sau n alte ntreprinderi.
Inovarea de produs nseamn introducerea pe
pia a unui bun sau serviciu nou sau semnificativ
mbuntit cu respectarea nsuirilor sale, de exemplu
un software mbuntit, introducerea de elemente de
utilizare prietenoase, componente sau subsisteme.
Inovarea de proces corespunde implementrii
unui proces productiv, unei metode de distribuie sau
unei activiti auxiliare noi sau semnificativ
mbuntite.
Inovarea
organizaional
reprezint
implementarea unei metode noi n practicile de afaceri
ale ntreprinderii, n organizarea locului de munc sau n
relaiile externe.
Inovarea de marketing se refer la implementarea unei
metode noi de marketing ce implic schimbri semnificative
n design-ul sau n ambalarea produsului, n plasarea
produsului, promovarea acestuia sau n stabilirea preului.
ntreprinderi inovatoare sunt ntreprinderile care au
lansat produse (bunuri sau servicii) noi sau semnificativ
mbuntite pe pia sau au introdus procese noi sau
semnificativ mbuntite sau noi metode de organizare
sau de marketing. Termenul acoper toate tipurile de
inovatori, inovatorii de produs, de proces, de metode de
organizare sau de metode de marketing, precum i
ntreprinderile cu inovri nefinalizate sau abandonate i
se refer la ntreprinderile active.
ntreprinderile cu inovare tehnologic sunt acele
ntreprinderi care au produse sau procese noi sau
semnificativ mbuntite.
ntreprinderile cu inovare non-tehnologic sunt
acele ntreprinderi care au introdus metode de organizare
sau de marketing noi sau semnificativ mbuntite.
ntreprinderile cu inovri nefinalizate sau
abandonate sunt ntreprinderile care au avut inovare
nefinalizat sau abandonat pentru dezvoltarea sau
introducerea produselor noi sau semnificativ mbuntite
(bunuri sau servicii) sau implementarea noilor procese,
inclusiv activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare.
ntreprinderile non-inovatoare sunt ntreprinderile
care nu au avut activitate inovatoare n perioada
analizat. Aceste ntreprinderi au rspuns la un set
limitat de ntrebri din ancheta statistic, cu privire la
absena activitii inovatoare.
Cheltuielile pentru inovare cuprind att cheltuielile
pentru inovarea finalizat, ct i cele pentru inovarea
nefinalizat sau abandonat. Principalele componente
ale cheltuielilor sunt:

a new or significantly improved process, a new marketing

method or a new organizational method. Innovation is
based on results of new technologies, technological
development, new combinations of existent technologies
or using other knowledge obtained by the enterprise.
Innovation should be new for the enterprise, but it is not
necessary to be new for activity sector or for the market.
It is not important if innovation initially appeared in
respondent enterprise or in other enterprises.
Product innovation means introduction on the
market of a new or significantly improved good or service
respecting its features, for instance an improved
software, introduction of elements of friendly use,
components or subsystems.
Process
innovation
corresponds
to
the
implementation of a new or significantly improved
productive process, distribution method or auxiliary
activity.
Organisational innovation represents the
implementation of a new method in enteprise business
practices, in the work place organization or in external
relations.
Marketing innovation refers to implementation of a
new marketing method involving significant changes in
the product design or its package, in product placement
its promotion or price set up.
Innovative enterprises are enterprises which
launched new or significantly imrpoved products(goods
or services) on the market or introduced new or
significantly improved processes or new organization or
marketing methods This term covers all the types of
innovators, product, process, organization method or
marketing methods, as well as enterprises with
unfinalized or abandoned innovations and refer to active
enterprises.
Enterprises with technological innovation are
those enterprises which have new or significantly
improved products or processes.
Enterprises with non technological innovation
are those enterprises which introduced new or
significantly improved organization or marketing methods.
Enterprises with unfinalized or abandoned
innovations are enterprises which had unfinalized or
abandoned innovation to develop or introduce new or
significantly improved products (goods or services) or
implement new processes, including R&D activity.
Non-innovative enterprises are enterprises which
have no innovative activity in the analyzed period. These
enterprises responded to a limited set of questions from
the statistical survey regarding absence of innovative
activity.
Expenditure for innovation include both
expenditure for finalized innovation and those fro
refinalized or abandoned innovation. Main components
of expenditure are

 Cheltuielile pentru activitatea de cercetaredezvoltare intern - cheltuieli pentru activitile

creatoare ntreprinse sistematic n cadrul
ntreprinderii, n vederea creterii volumului de
cunotine i a utilizrii lor n scopul realizrii de
produse (bunuri sau servicii) i procese noi i
mbuntite (inclusiv dezvoltare de software).
Cheltuielile pentru activitatea de cercetaredezvoltare extern - cheltuieli pentru activitile de
cercetare-dezvoltare realizate de ctre alte
ntreprinderi sau institute de cercetare.
Cheltuieli
pentru
achiziia
de
maini,
echipamente i software - cheltuieli pentru
achiziionarea de utilaje performante, echipamente,
hardware sau software pentru obinerea produselor
i/sau proceselor noi sau cu mbuntiri
semnificative.
Cheltuieli pentru achiziii de alte cunotine
externe care includ achiziia de licene de
brevete i invenii nebrevetate, know-how i alte
tipuri de cunotine de la alte ntreprinderi sau
organizaii.
Finanarea public a inovrii include sprijin
financiar sub form de granturi (mprumuturi
nerambursabile), credite, subvenii i garanii pentru
credite, primite de ntreprinderi din partea diferitelor
organisme: autoriti locale sau regionale, guvern
(inclusiv instituii ce lucreaz n numele guvernului) i
Uniunea European.
Cooperarea n domeniul inovrii nseamn
participare activ la proiecte comune de cercetaredezvoltare i la alte proiecte de inovare cu alte
ntreprinderi sau instituii. Din aceast cooperare nu
este neaprat necesar ca ambii parteneri s aib
beneficii comerciale imediate comune. Contractarea de
lucrri, fr o colaborare activ, nu nseamn
cooperare.
Sursele de informare pentru inovare se refer la
principalele surse cu grad ridicat de importan,
necesare pentru iniierea de noi proiecte de inovare,
pentru contribuia la completarea proiectelor de inovare
existente sau pentru utilizarea drepturilor de proprietate
intelectual. Ele se clasific n surse interne, surse de
pia, surse instituionale i alte surse.
Obiectivele inovrilor se refer la intenia
ntreprinderii privind activitile inovatoare. Sunt
selectate obiective cu grad ridicat de importan,
respectiv: extinderea gamei de bunuri i servicii,
nlocuirea produselor sau proceselor vechi, intrarea pe
noi piee, creterea ponderii pieei, mbuntirea calitii
bunurilor i serviciilor, mbuntirea flexibilitii pentru
producerea de bunuri i servicii, creterea capacitii de
producere de bunuri i servicii, mbuntirea sntii i
gradului de securitate a muncii, reducerea costurilor cu
fora de munc pe unitatea de produs rezultat.

Expenditure for internal R&D activity expenditure for creative activities systematically
developed within the enterprises in order to increase
volume of knowledge and their use to achieve new
and improved products (goods and services) and
processes (including software development).
Expenditure for external R&D activity expenditure for R&D activities achieved by other
enterprises or research institutes.
Expenditure
for
purchasing
machinery,
equipment and software - expenditure for
purchasing performing machinery, equipment,
hardware or software to obtain new or significantly
improved products and/or processes.
Expenditure for purchasing other external
knowledge which include purchasing patent
licences and not patented inventions, know-how and
other types of knowledge from other enterprises or
organisations.
Public financing of innovation includes financial
support as grants (non reimbursable loans), credits,
subsidies and guarantees for credits, received by
enterprises from various bodies: local or regional
authorities, government (including institutions working on
government behalf) and European Union.
Cooperation in the field of innovation means
active participation in common R&D projects and other
innovation projects with other enterprises or
institutions. Out of this cooperation, it is not absolutely
necessary that both partners should have common
immediate commercial benefits. Contracting works,
without active collaboration, does not mean
cooperation.
Information sources for innovation refer to the
main very important sources, necessary to initiate new
innovation projects, for contribution to complete
innovation projects existent or for use of intellectual
proerty rights. They are classified in internal sources,
market sources, institutional sources and other sources.
Objectives of innovations refer to enterprise
intention regarding innovative activities. There are
selected very important objectives, namely: extension of
goods and services range, replace of obsolete products
or processes, entering new markets, growth of market
weight, improve the quality of goods and services,
improve the flexibility of goods and services production,
increase of capacity for goods and services production,
improve health and work security, reduce labour costs
per unit of product.

BREVETE DE INVENIE I ALTE OBIECTE ALE

PROPRIETII INDUSTRIALE

PATENTS AND OTHER OBJECTS OF

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

Datele au la baz reglementrile din legile

speciale de proprietate industrial i Hotrrea
Guvernului nr. 573/1998 n care sunt prevzute
sarcinile i competenele Oficiului de Stat pentru
Invenii i Mrci (OSIM), organ de specialitate al
administraiei publice centrale, cu autoritate unic pe
teritoriul Romniei n domeniul proteciei proprietii
industriale, n conformitate cu legea i cu prevederile
conveniilor internaionale la care statul romn este
parte.
Proprietatea industrial cuprinde: invenii, modele
de utilitate, soiuri de plante, mrci i indicaii geografice,
desene i modele, respectiv topografiile produselor
semiconductoare.
Solicitant - persoana fizic sau juridic care cere n
scris la OSIM, acordarea unui titlu de protecie pentru un
obiect de proprietate industrial (brevet sau certificat de
nregistrare).
Titular - persoana fizic sau juridic creia i
aparine dreptul conferit prin titlul de protecie acordat
(brevet sau certificat de nregistrare).
Brevet de invenie - titlul de protecie care se
acord de ctre OSIM pentru orice invenie avnd ca
obiect un produs sau un procedeu, n toate domeniile
tehnologice, cu condiia ca aceasta s fie nou, s
implice o activitate inventiv i s fie susceptibil de
aplicare industrial.
Cerere de brevet de invenie, redactat n limba
romn, cuprinde:
solicitarea acordrii unui brevet i datele de
identificare ale solicitantului;
o descriere a inveniei (prezentarea n scris a
inveniei);
una sau mai multe revendicri (partea de brevet
care cuprinde obiectul proteciei solicitate i al crui
coninut determin ntinderea proteciei);
desenele la care se face referire n descriere sau
revendicri.
Publicarea
brevetului reprezint difuzarea
informaiei ntr-un mod accesibil publicului.
Brevet european - brevetul de invenie eliberat de
Oficiul European de Brevete, n conformitate cu
Convenia privind brevetul european, adoptat la
Mnchen la 5 octombrie 1973.
Brevet european validat n Romnia - este un
brevet european care are efecte n Romnia.
Clasificarea Internaional a Brevetelor (CIB),
instituit n baza Aranjamentului de la Strasbourg n anul
1971, mparte domeniul tehnic n opt seciuni cu
aproximativ 70000 de subdiviziuni. Simbolurile CIB,
formate din cifre arabe i litere ale alfabetului latin, se
aplic pe documentele de brevet (cereri de brevet
publicate i brevete acordate) de ctre oficiile de
proprietate industrial, naionale sau regionale, care
public aceste documente. CIB se utilizeaz n mai mult
de 100 de ri, care public anual peste un milion de
documente de brevet.

Data rely on the regulations from industrial property

special laws and Government Decision no. 573/1998
stipulating tasks and competences of State Office for
Inventions and Trademarks (SOIT), specialized body of
public central government, with unique authority on the
territory of Romania in the field of industrial property
protection, in accordance with the law and stipulations of
international conventions where the Romanian state is
party.
Industrial property includes inventions, utility
models, types of plants, marks and geographical
indications, drawings and models, respectively
topographies of semi-conductor products.
Applicant - natural or legal person who asks SOIT
in writing, for granting a protection title for an object of
industrial property (patent or registration certificate).
Titular - natural or legal person who holds the right
granted by protection tile (license or registration
certificate).
Patent - protection title granted by SOIT for any
invention having as object a product or procedure, in all
technological fields, provided that it should be new,
involve an inventive activity and susceptible of industrial
application.
Patent application elaborated into Romanian
comprises:
request for a patent and identification data of
applicant;
invention description (written presentation);
one or several claims (patent part presenting object
of requested protection and whose content
determines protection extent);
drawings referred to in the description and claims.
Patent publication represents information
dissemination to be accessible for the public.
European patent - patent released by European
Patent Office, in accordance with the Convention on
European patent, adopted in Munich on October 5, 1973.
European patent validated in Romania - is an
European patent which has effects in Romania.
International Patent Classification (IPC), based
on Strasbourg Agreement in 1971, divides technical field
into eight sections with about 70000 subdivisions. IPC
symbols, comprising Arabian digits and Latin letters,
being applied on patent documents (issued patent
application and patents granted) by national or regional
industrial property offices, issuing these documents. IPC
are used in over 100 countries, issuing yearly over one
million patent documents.

Modelul de utilitate protejeaz orice invenie

tehnic, cu condiia s fie nou, s depeasc nivelul
simplei ndemnri profesionale i s fie susceptibil de
aplicare industrial.
Cererea de model de utilitate conine:
datele de identificare ale solicitantului;
solicitarea proteciei prin model de utilitate, nsoit
de titlul inveniei;
o descriere a inveniei;
una sau mai multe revendicri;
desenele la care se face referire n descriere sau n
revendicri.
Certificatul de model de utilitate este un titlu de
protecie acordat de OSIM n condiiile prevzute de lege.
Brevet pentru soi de plant - se acord de OSIM
dac acesta este nou, distinct, uniform i stabil.
Soi - grupul de plante aparinnd unui taxon botanic
de cel mai jos rang cunoscut, care poate fi:
definit prin expresia caracterelor rezultnd dintr-un
anumit genotip sau dintr-o anumit combinaie de
genotipuri;
distinct fa de orice alt grup de plante, prin expresia
a cel puin unuia dintre caracterele prevzute mai sus;
considerat ca o entitate cu privire la capacitatea sa
de a fi reprodus ca atare.
Desen sau model - aspectul exterior al unui produs
sau al unei pri a acestuia, redat n dou sau trei
dimensiuni, rezultat din combinaia dintre principalele
caracteristici, ndeosebi linii, contururi, culori, form, textur
i/sau materiale i/sau ornamentaia produsului n sine.
Cererea de nregistrare a desenului sau
modelului cuprinde:
solicitarea de nregistrare a desenului sau modelului
i datele de identificare ale solicitantului;
numrul de desene sau modele pentru care se cere
protecia;
descrierea elementelor noi, caracteristice desenului
sau modelului;
reprezentrile grafice ale desenului sau modelului;
indicarea produselor n care este ncorporat desenul
sau modelul, cnd este cazul.
Certificat de nregistrare a desenelor / modelelor
publicate - titlul de protecie acordat de OSIM pentru
desenele / modelele nregistrate i publicate.
Marc - semnul susceptibil de reprezentare grafic
servind la deosebirea produselor sau serviciilor unei
persoane fizice sau juridice de cele aparinnd altor
persoane. Pot constitui mrci semne distinctive cum ar fi:
cuvinte, inclusiv nume de persoane, desene, litere, cifre,
elemente figurative, forme tridimensionale i n special
forma produsului sau ambalajului su, combinaii de
culori, precum i orice combinaie a acestor semne.
Cerere de nregistrare a unei mrci - conine datele
de identificare ale solicitantului, reproducerea mrcii
precum i indicarea produselor sau serviciilor pentru care
nregistrarea este cerut, redactat n limba romn.
Indicaie geografic - denumirea servind la
identificarea unui produs originar dintr-o ar, regiune
sau localitate a unui stat n cazurile n care o calitate, o
reputaie sau alte caracteristici determinate pot fi n mod
esenial atribuite acestei origini geografice.

Utility model protects any technical invention if it is

new, exceeds the level of simple professional skill and is
susceptible of industrial application.
Demand of utility model contains:
identification data of petitioner;
protection request by utility model, accompanied by
invention title;
invention description;
one or more claims;
designs referred to in the description or claims.
Certificate of utility model is a protection title
granted by SOIT according to legal stipulations.
Patent for plant type - is granted by SOIT if it is new,
distinct, unform and stable.
Type - group of plants belonging to a botanic taxon of
the lowest known range, which can be:
defined by expression of characters resulted from a
certain genotype or a certain combination of
genotypes;
distinct as against any other group of plants, by
expression of at least one of characters stipulated above;
considered as an entity regarding its capacity to be
reproduced as such.
Drawing or model - outer aspect of a product or of its
part, given in two or three dimensions, resulted from the
combination between main characteristics, especially
lines, outlines, colors, forms, texture and /or
ornamentation of the product itself.
Registration application of drawing or model
contains:
application to register the drawing or model and
identification data of applicant;
number of drawings or models for which the
protection is asked;
description of new elements, characteristic for the
drawing or model;
graphs of drawing or model;
indication of product in which drawing or model is
incorporated, if case.
Registration certificate of drawing or model
published - protection title granted by SOIT for drawings
or models registered and published.
Trademark - sign susceptible of graphic presentation
used to distinguish products or services of natural or legal
persons from those belonging to other persons.
Trademarks can be also distinct signs, such as: words,
including personal names, drawings, letters, digits,
figurative elements, three dimensional forms, especially
product form or its package, color combinations, as well
as any combination of these signs.
Registration application of trademark - comprises
identification data of the applicant, trademark
reproduction as well as products or services indication for
which the application is done into Romanian.
Geographical indication - name identifying a
product from one country, region or locality of a state if
one quality, reputation or other characteristics can be
essentially granted to this geographical origin.

Structura salariailor1) din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare,

pe sectoare de performan
Structure of employees1) from research - development activity,
by sectors of performance

13.G1
100

80

0,6

0,4

0,4

0,5

0,7

0,5

23,9

27,8

31,1

34,6

29,8

28,0

30,3

33,9

30,6

33,3

35,9

36,5

45,2

37,9

37,9

31,6

33,6

35,0

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

60
40
20
0

Sectorul mediului de afaceri

Bussines sector

Sectorul nvmnt superior

Tertiary education sector

Sectorul guvernamental
Government sector

Sectorul privat non-profit

Private non-profit sector

1) Numr persoane n echivalent norm ntreag. / Number of persons in full-time equivalent.

13.G2

Structura salariailor din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare,

dup nivelul de pregtire, n anul 2012
Structure of employees from research - development activity,
by training level, in 2012

21,9%

311351)

78,1%

Cu pregtire superioar
Tertiary education

Alt pregtire (exclusiv superioar)

Another education (excluding tertiary education)

Not: Alt pregtire (exclusiv superioar) cuprinde: studii postliceale i de maitri, studii liceale, profesionale i de ucenici
i alte situaii.
Note: Another education (excluding tertiary education) comprises: post high-school anf foremen education, high-school,
vocational and apprenticeship education and other situations.
1) Numr persoane n echivalent norm ntreag. / Number of persons in full-time equivalent.

13.G3

Structura cercettorilor din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare,

pe domenii tiinifice
Structure of researchers from research-development activity, by scientific field
2007

2012

6,2%

4,5%

9,5%

9,2%
43,5%

10,2%

46,9%

6,3%

15,9%
12,9%
17,7%

13.G4

17,2%

tiine inginereti i tehnologice

Engineering and technological sciences

tiine umaniste
Humanities

tiine naturale i exacte

Natural and exact sciences

tiine medicale
Medical sciences

tiine sociale
Social sciences

tiine agricole
Agricultural sciences

Structura cheltuielilor totale din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare,

pe sectoare de performan
Structure of total expenditure from research - development activity,
by sectors of performance

%
100
80

0,4

0,2

0,2

0,4

0,4

0,4

24,1

28,8

24,7

24,5

22,9

19,7

33,9

41,0

34,9

36,8

40,7

40,9

41,6

30,0

40,2

38,3

36,0

39,0

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

60
40
20
0

Sectorul mediului de afaceri

Bussines sector

Sectorul nvmnt superior

Tertiary education sector

Sectorul guvernamental
Government sector

Sectorul privat non-profit

Private non-profit sector

13.G5

Structura cheltuielilor totale din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare,

pe surse de finanare
Structure of total expenditure from research - development activity,
by financing source
2007

2012

0,1% 4,5%

1,4%

7,0%

4,0%
26,9%

14,5%

30,9%

0,1%
0,6%
11,9%

38,0%

60,1%

ntreprinderi
Enterprises

Uniti din nvmntul superior

Tertiary education units

Fonduri publice
Public funds

Instituii fr scop lucrativ

Non-lucrative purpose institutions

Fonduri publice generale universitare

University general public funds

Fonduri din strintate

Humanities
Alte surse
Other

13.G6

Structura cheltuielilor curente din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare,

pe tipuri de cercetare
Current expenditure from research - development activity,
by type of research
2007

2012

16,9%

8,8%

39,7%

45,3%

45,9%

43,4%
Cercetare fundamental
Basic research
Cercetare aplicativ
Applicative research

Dezvoltare experimental
Experimental development

13

TIIN, TEHNOLOGIE I INOVARE

CERCETARE - DEZVOLTARE

13.1 Principalii indicatori din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare,

pe sectoare de performan i forme de proprietate
13.2 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, dup ocupaie i nivel de pregtire
13.3 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, pe sectoare de performan
i ocupaii
13.4 Cercettorii din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, pe domenii tiinifice
13.5 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, pe sectoare de performan i
nivel de pregtire
13.6 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare, pe sectoare de performan i
nivel de pregtire, conform Clasificrii Internaionale Standard a Educaiei (CISE)
13.7 Cercettorii din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare, pe sectoare de performan i
grupe de vrst
13.8 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare din sectorul mediului de afaceri,
pe activiti economice i dup ocupaie
13.9 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare din sectorul mediului de afaceri,
pe activiti economice i dup nivelul de pregtire
13.10 Cheltuielile curente din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, pe sectoare
de performan i tipuri de cercetare
13.11 Cheltuielile totale din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, pe sectoare de
performan i categorii de cheltuieli
13.12 Cheltuielile totale din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, pe sectoare de
performan i surse de finanare
13.13 Cheltuielile totale din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare din sectorul mediului
de afaceri, pe activiti economice i categorii de cheltuieli
13.14 Cheltuielile curente din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare din sectorul mediului
de afaceri, pe activiti economice i elemente componente
13.15 Cheltuielile de capital din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare din sectorul mediului
de afaceri, pe activiti economice i elemente componente
13.16 Cheltuielile totale din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, pe tipuri de programe
de cercetare-dezvoltare conform NABS i surse de finanare
13.17 Numrul proiectelor i cheltuielile totale de cercetare-dezvoltare, conform NABS, pe
tipuri de surse de finanare, pentru activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare
INOVAREA N INDUSTRIE I SERVICII
13.18
13.19
13.20
13.21
13.22
13.23
13.24
13.25
13.26
13.27

13.28

13.29
13.30
13.31
13.32

ntreprinderi cu inovare tehnologic, dup tipul inovrii

ntreprinderile inovatoare, pe activiti economice i clase de mrime
Tipologia inovatorilor
Cifra de afaceri a ntreprinderilor inovatoare, pe activiti i clase de mrime,
n anul 2010
Numrul de salariai ai ntreprinderilor inovatoare, pe activiti i clase de mrime,
n anul 2010
ntreprinderi cu inovare tehnologic care au indicat cea mai important
surs de informare pentru inovare, n total ntreprinderi inovatoare
ntreprinderi cu inovare non-tehnologic, dup tipul inovrii
Ponderea cifrei de afaceri a ntreprinderilor cu inovare de produse n cifra de afaceri
total a ntreprinderilor inovatoare
Ponderea ntreprinderilor cu produse i/sau procese inovatoare care au indicat
obiective cu grad ridicat de importan, n total ntreprinderi inovatoare
Ponderea ntreprinderilor care au indicat un impact ridicat al efectelor inovrii
asupra produselor i alte efecte ale inovrii, n total ntreprinderi inovatoare,
pe clase de mrime i activiti economice
Ponderea ntreprinderilor care au indicat un impact ridicat al efectelor inovrii
asupra proceselor inovrii, n total ntreprinderi inovatoare,
pe clase de mrime i activiti economice
Cheltuielile pentru inovare tehnologic
ntreprinderile cu inovare tehnologic care au primit fonduri publice n total
ntreprinderi inovatoare, pe tipuri de fonduri publice
ntreprinderile cu inovare tehnologic care coopereaz, n total ntreprinderi
inovatoare, dup locaia geografic a partenerului
Ponderea ntreprinderilor cu inovare tehnologic care coopereaz, n total
ntreprinderi inovatoare, dup tipul partenerului de cooperare i locaia geografic
a partenerului, n perioada 2008-2010
BREVETE DE INVENIE I ALTE OBIECTE ALE PROPRIETII INDUSTRIALE

13.33 Cererile de brevet de invenie depuse

13.34 Brevete de invenie acordate i publicate
13.35 Alte obiecte de proprietate industrial
TERITORIAL
13.36 Activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, n profil teritorial
13.37 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare, n profil teritorial i pe ocupaii
13.38 Cheltuielile totale din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare, n profil teritorial i
pe categorii de cheltuieli
13.39 ntreprinderi cu inovare tehnologic, dup tipul inovrii, n profil teritorial
13.40 Tipologia inovatorilor, pe clase de mrime, activiti economice, n profil teritorial
13.41 Tipologia inovatorilor, n profil teritorial
13.42 ntreprinderi inovatoare i non-inovatoare, pe clase de mrime,
activiti economice, n profil teritorial
13.43 Cheltuielile pentru inovare tehnologic, n profil teritorial
13.44 Cererile de brevet de invenie depuse de solicitani romni, n profil teritorial
13.45 Cererile de nregistrare a desenelor / modelelor, ale solicitanilor romni,
n profil teritorial
13.46 Cererile de nregistrare a mrcilor, ale solicitanilor romni, n profil teritorial

AGRICULTUR I
SILVICULTUR

AGRICULTURE AND
FORESTRY

14

SURSA DATELOR





Cercetri statistice:
Ancheta Structural n Agricultur - 2007;
Recensmntul General Agricol - 2010;
Cercetri statistice realizate prin sondaj aliniate la
acquis-ul comunitar n domeniul statisticii agricole
privind suprafeele i producia vegetal, efectivele
de animale i producia animal;
Cercetri statistice curente privind fondul forestier,
masa lemnoas recoltat, suprafaa parcurs cu
tieri, mpduriri i volumul de lemn exploatat.
Surse administrative:
Ministerul Agriculturii i Dezvoltrii Rurale, pentru
fondul funciar dup modul de folosin; pentru
ngrmintele chimice i naturale folosite n
agricultur i pentru parcul de tractoare i maini
agricole principale din agricultur de la sfritul anului;
Agenia Naional de mbuntiri Funciare, pentru
suprafaa agricol irigat.
.

DATA SOURCE





Statistical surveys:
Farm Structure Survey - 2007;
General Agricultural Census - 2010;
Statistical sample surveys aligned to community
acquis in the field of agriculture statistics on crop
area and production, livestock and animal
production;
Statistical current surveys regarding forest land,
harvested timber, cutting wood area, afforestations
and volume of wood exploited.
Administrative sources:
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, for
land fund by use; for chemical and natural fertilizers
used in agriculture and for park of tractors and of
main agricultural machinery related to the end of
year;
National Agency for Land Arrangements, for
irrigated agricultural area.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

AGRICULTUR

AGRICULTURE

Fondul funciar reprezint totalitatea terenurilor,

indiferent de destinaie, de titlul pe baza cruia sunt deinute
sau de domeniul public sau privat din care fac parte.
Suprafaa agricol, dup modul de folosin,
include terenurile cu destinaie agricol, aflate n
proprietatea persoanelor fizice sau juridice i care se
clasific astfel: teren arabil, puni i fnee naturale, vii
i pepiniere viticole, livezi i pepiniere pomicole.
Terenul arabil reprezint suprafaa care se ar n
fiecare an sau la mai muli ani i se cultiv cu plante
anuale sau perene.
Punile reprezint terenurile acoperite cu vegetaie
ierboas, instalat pe cale natural sau regenerat prin
nsmnare, destinate punatului animalelor.
Fneele reprezint terenurile acoperite cu
vegetaie ierboas, instalat pe cale natural sau
regenerat prin nsmnare i destinate recoltrii
pentru obinerea de fn.
Viile i pepinierele viticole reprezint suprafeele
cu plantaii viticole, pepiniere viticole i terenul n
pregtire pentru vii.
Livezile i pepinierele pomicole reprezint
suprafeele cu plantaii pomicole, arbuti fructiferi,
pepiniere pomicole i terenul n pregtire pentru livezi.
Suprafaa
cultivat
reprezint
suprafaa
nsmnat/ plantat n ogor propriu, n anul agricol de
referin (1 octombrie - 30 septembrie) cu o cultur
principal (care ocup terenul cea mai mare perioad de
timp) sau n anii agricoli precedeni pentru culturile
bienale, trienale sau perene.

Land fund represents all lands no matter of

destination, of the title based on which they are owned or
of public or private sector to which they belong.
Agricultural area includes, by use, the lands with
agricultural destination, owned by natural or legal
persons, classified as follows: arable land, natural
pastures and hayfields, vineyards and vine nurseries,
orchards and tree nurseries.
Arable land represents the area which is ploughed
each year or at several years, cultivated with annual or
perennial plants.
Pastures represent lands covered with herbal
vegetation, grown in natural way, or regenerated by
sowing, for animal pasturing.
Hayfields represent the lands covered with herbal
vegetation, grown in natural way, or regenerated by
sowing, for hay harvesting.
Vineyards and nurseries represent the areas
covered with vineyards, vine nurseries and land
prepared for vineyards.
Orchards and tree nurseries represent the areas
covered with tree plantations, fruit younglings, tree
nurseries and land prepared for orchards.
Cultivated area represents the area sown/planted
in own field, in the agricultural reference year (October, 1
- September, 30) with a main crop (covering the land for
the majority of time period) or in previous agricultural
years for biennial, triennial or perennial crops.

Suprafaa agricol irigat reprezint suprafaa pe

care s-a aplicat cel puin o udare n anul agricol de
referin.
Exploataia agricol este o unitate tehnicoeconomic de sine stttoare, cu o gestiune unic i
care desfoar activiti agricole, prin utilizarea
suprafeelor i/sau creterea animalelor, sau activiti de
meninere a terenurilor agricole n bune condiii agricole
i de mediu, fie ca activitate principal, fie ca activitate
secundar.
Suprafaa agricol utilizat cuprinde teren arabil,
grdini familiale, puni i fnee naturale (permanente)
i culturi permanente (plantaii viticole i pomicole).
Producia ramurii agricole se determin conform
metodologiei Eurostat privind Conturile Economice
pentru Agricultur i cuprinde: valoarea tuturor
produciilor de produse agricole (inclusiv valoarea
produciei de vin obinut n unitile agricole care nu
dispun de instalaii industriale de vinificaie) i valoarea
serviciilor agricole efectuate de unitile specializate.
Aceast producie nu cuprinde: valoarea consumului de
smn din producie proprie pentru culturile la care
nsmnrile se fac toamna, valoarea strugurilor utilizai
n producia de vin a unitilor agricole care nu dispun de
instalaii industriale de vinificaie, valoarea laptelui
consumat de animale, valoarea oulor puse la incubat i
pierderile la productori dup recoltare.
Producia ramurii agricole cuprinde i valoarea
activitilor secundare neagricole neseparabile i este
diminuat cu valoarea laptelui transformat n derivate
(produse obinute din prelucrarea laptelui) n aceeai
ferm.
Activitile secundare neagricole neseparabile sunt
activiti legate direct de producia agricol i nu pot fi
separate de activitatea agricol principal din punct de
vedere al costurilor (ex.: producerea brnzeturilor n
ferma zootehnic).
Producia ramurii agricole este exprimat n preuri
curente de baz (preurile la productor la care se
adaug subveniile pe produs i se scad impozitele pe
produs) ale fiecrui an.
Indicii produciei ramurii agricole se calculeaz
ca raport ntre valoarea produciei din anul curent
exprimat n preurile anului anterior i valoarea
produciei din anul anterior.
Producia agricol vegetal reprezint producia
fizic obinut n perioada de referin (anul n care se
face recoltarea), mai puin pierderile la recoltare,
exprimat n uniti fizice n funcie de natura produselor
i a grupelor de produse i cuprinde:
producia culturilor n ogor propriu;
producia culturilor intercalate;
producia culturilor succesive;
producia obinut n grdinile familiale
(pentru legume, cartofi, fructe i struguri).

Irrigated agricultural area represents the area on

which at least one irrigation was done during in
agricultural reference year.
The agricultural holding is a single unit, both
technically and economically, which has a single
management and which undertakes agricultural
activities, by using the agricultural areas and/or animal
breeding, or activities for keeping farmland in good
agricultural and environmental conditions, either as a
main or as a secondary activity.
Utilised agricultural area includes arable land,
kitchen gardens (permanent) grassland and meadows
and permanent crops (vineyards and fruit and berry
plantations).
Agricultural branch production is determined
according to the Eurostat methodology on Economic
Accounts for Agriculture and comprises: the value of all
agricultural products (including the value of wine
production obtained in agricultural units having no wine
industrial installations) and the value of agricultural
services carried out by specialised units. This production
does not comprise: the value of the seed consumption
from own production for the crops where sowings are
done in autumn, the value of grapes used for wine
production of agricultural units having no wine industrial
installations, the value of milk consumed by animals, the
value of eggs in incubator and producers losses after
harvesting.
The agricultural branch production includes the
value of non-agricultural inseparable secondary
activities and it is diminished with the value of milk
changed into derivates (products obtained from milk
processing) in the same farm.
Non-agricultural inseparable secondary activities
are directly related to agricultural production and cannot
be separated by main agricultural production from the
viewpoint of costs (ex.: production of cheese products in
livestock farms).
Agricultural branch production is expressed in
current, basic prices (producer prices plus subsidies on
product, minus taxes on product) of each year.
Agricultural branch production indices are
calculated as the ratio between production value in
current year expressed in the prices of the previous year
and production value in the previous year.
Crop agricultural production represents the
physical production obtained in the reference period
(year when harvesting is done) except harvesting losses,
expressed in physical units by nature of products and
groups of products and includes:
production in own field;
production in combined crops;
production in successive crops;
production obtained in kitchen gardens
(for vegetables, potatoes, fruit and grapes).

Producia medie reprezint cantitatea de produse (pe

fiecare cultur) obinut pe unitatea de suprafa cultivat.
Producia de fructe reprezint cantitatea de fructe
pe specii, obinut de la pomii din livezi i rzlei, arbutii
fructiferi i cpuni.
Greutatea n viu a animalelor destinate
sacrificrii pentru consum cuprinde greutatea n viu a
animalelor sacrificate n exploataiile agricole, a celor
vndute pentru sacrificare la abatoare, direct pe pia,
export direct i a celor sacrificate n abatoare, dar
restituite exploataiilor agricole.
Efectivele de bovine cuprind totalitatea taurinelor i
bubalinelor masculi i femele, pe diferite grupe de vrst
i destinaie economic.
Efectivele de porcine cuprind totalitatea porcinelor
din exploataia agricol (inclusiv porcinele aflate n
materniti, cresctorii i ngrtorii), indiferent de sex,
categorii de greutate i destinaie economic.
Efectivele de ovine cuprind toate animalele din
specia ovine, indiferent de sex, vrst, destinaie
economic i locul unde se afl.
Efectivele de caprine cuprind toate caprinele
indiferent de sex, vrst, destinaie economic i locul
unde se afl.
Efectivele de cabaline cuprind cabalinele de
munc, armsarii reproductori, tineret pn la 3 ani,
alte cabaline. Nu sunt inclui caii de curse i caii de
clrie, folosii pentru divertisment.
Efectivele de psri cuprind toate categoriile de
psri existente n exploataia agricol (gini, curci, rae,
gte, alte psri: strui, prepelie, bibilici etc.).
Familii de albine reprezint numrul de familii de
albine, destinate produciei de miere.
Producia de lapte reprezint cantitatea de lapte de
vac, bivoli (inclusiv consumul vieilor), oaie i capr.
Parcul de tractoare i maini agricole (fizice)
principale din agricultur (la sfritul anului) este
aferent unitilor care au agricultura ca activitate principal
(inclusiv exploataiile agricole fr personalitate juridic).
ngrmintele chimice sunt produse industriale
care dup coninutul lor pot fi: azotoase, fosfatice,
potasice, sau n amestec ca ngrminte complexe; ele
se exprim n substan activ.
ngrmintele naturale cuprind gunoiul de grajd
de la toate speciile de animale i de la psri (n stare
proaspt sau fermentat) precum i dejeciile n stare
lichid; acestea se exprim n greutate brut.

Average yield represents the quantity of products

(for each crop) obtained on the unit of cultivated area.
Fruit production represents the quantity of fruit, by
species, obtained from orchard trees and isolated trees,
fruit and berry species and strawberries.
Live weight of animals intended to be
slaughtered for consumption includes live weight of
animals slaughtered in agricultural holdings, of those
sold to be slaughtered within slaughtering houses,
directly on the market, direct export and of those
slaughtered within slaughtering houses, but given back
to agricultural holdings.
Cattle population comprises all male and female
bulls and buffalos by various age group and economic
destination.
Pigs population comprises all pigs in agricultural
holding (including pigs in maternity, breeding and
fattening farms) not matter of sex, weight category and
economic destination.
Sheep population comprises all animals of sheep
species, no matter of sex, age, economic destination and
place.
Goats population comprises all goats no matter of
sex, age, economic destination and place.
Horses population comprises labour horses, stud
horses, young horses until 3 years old, other horses.
Race horses and saddle horses used for amusement are
not included.
Poultry population comprises all categories of
poultry existent in agricultural holding (hens, turkey hens,
ducks, geese, other poultry: ostrich, quails, guinea fowl
etc).
Bee families represent number of bee families for
honey production.
Milk production represents the quantity of cow,
buffalo cow (including the calves consumption), sheep
and goat milk.
Park of tractors and of main (physical)
agricultural machinery in agriculture (end of year) is
related to the units having agriculture as their main
activity (including individual agricultural holdings).
Chemical fertilizers are industrial products which
by content can be: nitrous, phosphatic, potassic or
combined, as complex fertilizers; they are expressed in
active substance.
Natural fertilizers include muck from all species of
animals and poultry (fresh or fermented) as well as liquid
dejections; they are expressed in gross weight.

SILVICULTUR

FORESTRY

Fondul forestier reprezint totalitatea suprafeelor

pdurilor, a terenurilor destinate mpduririi, a celor care
servesc nevoilor de cultur, producie sau administraie
silvic, a iazurilor, a albiilor praielor, a altor terenuri cu
destinaie forestier i neproductive cuprinse n
amenajamentele silvice la data de 1 ianuarie 1990 sau
incluse n acestea ulterior, n condiiile legii, indiferent de
natura dreptului de proprietate.
Suprafaa pdurilor reprezint terenurile cu o
suprafa de cel puin 0,25 ha, acoperite cu arbori; arborii
trebuie s ating o nlime minim de 5 m la maturitate
n condiii normale de vegetaie.
Regenerrile artificiale reprezint ansamblul de
lucrri de plantare de puiei, butai i sade sau de
nsmnare a unei suprafee de teren cu scopul de a se
crea noi arborete, att pe terenuri forestiere de pe care a
fost exploatat arboretul matur, ct i pe terenuri lipsite de
vegetaie forestier.
Suprafaa parcurs cu tieri reprezint suprafaa
pdurilor pe care s-au desfurat aciuni de recoltare a
arborilor n vederea valorificrii lor i pentru asigurarea
condiiilor favorabile de dezvoltare a arboretelor.
Tieri succesive - tierile de regenerare prin care
pdurea se parcurge cu extrageri repetate de arbori
relativ uniform repartizate spaial, ealonate n timp
corespunztor instalrii i dezvoltrii regenerrii
naturale, pn la recoltarea integral a arboretului btrn
i trecerea la o nou generaie a pdurii.
Tieri progresive - tierile de regenerare prin care
pdurea se parcurge cu extrageri repetate de arbori
amplasate n anumite poriuni (ochiuri), care se lrgesc
treptat pe msura instalrii i dezvoltrii regenerrii
naturale, pn la recoltarea integral a arboretului btrn
i trecerea la o nou generaie a pdurii.
Tieri grdinrite - tierile cu caracter continuu,
prin care se urmrete recoltarea selectiv a unor arbori
sau grupe mici de arbori, n vederea realizrii i
meninerii unei structuri diversificate a pdurii.
Tieri rase - extragerea integral a arboretului
btrn printr-o singur tiere, regenerarea pdurii
realizndu-se prin mpduriri.
Operaiunile de igien i curire a pdurilor
cuprind lucrrile ce se aplic periodic arboretului din
momentul constituirii strii de masiv prin extragerea
produselor de igien care rezult din procesul normal de
eliminare natural (arbori dobori, rupi, uscai, atacai
de insecte).
Tierile de ngrijire n pdurile tinere cuprind
operaiile executate n culturile rezultate din mpduriri
pn la realizarea strii de masiv, ce au drept scop
asigurarea reuitei culturilor i dezvoltarea puieilor n
bune condiii.
Tierile de produse accidentale reprezint
recoltarea produselor brute lemnoase, rezultate
ntmpltor datorit calamitilor naturale sau a unor
defriri.

Forest fund represents the total area of forests,

lands meant for afforestration, those serving the needs of
crops, production and forest administration, of pools,
brook beds as well as other areas intended for forestry
and non-productive lands included in forest
arrangements, on January 1st, 1990 or hereby included
later on, according to law provisions, no matter of
ownership right.
Forest area represents all land areas over 0.25
hectares, covered by trees; trees should reach a
minimum height of 5 m at maturity, under normal
vegetation conditions.
Artificial regeneration represent all works by which
an area is planted with saplings, cuttings and seedlings
or sown in order to create new coppices, both on
exploited forest lands and on lands without forest
vegetation.
Cutting area represents forest area on which tree
harvesting actions were developed for their turning into
account and in view to ensure favourable conditions for
young tree development.
Successive cuttings regeneration cuttings by
which forest is crossed by repeated extractions of trees
relatively uniformly distributed in space, staggered
according to natural regeneration installation and
development, until integral harvesting of old tree and
passing to a new generation of forest.
Progressive cuttings regeneration cuttings by
which forest is crossed by repeated extractions of trees
placed in certain portions (eyes) which get larger step by
step at the same time with natural regeneration
installation and development until integral harvesting of
old tree and passing to a new generation of forest.
Garden cuttings continuous cuttings which
pursue the selective harvesting of trees or small groups
of trees in order to achieve and keep a diversified
structure of forest.
Flat cuttings - integral extraction of old tree by a
single cutting, forest regeneration being done by
afforestration.
Forest hygienic and cleaning operations include
works periodically applied to the stand since reaching
the massive status, taking out hygienic products resulted
from normal process of natural elimination (cut down,
split, punk, attacked by insects trees).
Fostering cuttings in young forests include
operations in the crops resulted from afforestations up to
the massive status in order to assure the crop success
and the development of seedlings in good conditions.
Accidental cuttings represent the harvest of raw
wooden products, resulted accidentally because of
natural calamities or of clearings.

Volumul de lemn recoltat reprezint volumul de

lemn (volum brut) recoltat pn la sfritul anului,
destinat operatorilor economici i pentru persoanele
fizice proprietari de pduri.
Volumul de lemn exploatat de ctre operatorii
economici cu activitate de exploatare forestier
reprezint volumul rezultat n procesul de exploatare a
lemnului i evideniat n documentele primare ale
operatorului economic, inclusiv volumul cojii i al altor
sortimente secundare.
Volumul de lemn rotund reprezint volumul de
lemn de lucru i lemn pentru foc.
Buteni pentru prelucrare n cherestea reprezint
volumul de buteni destinai prelucrrii n cherestea i n
alte sortimente obinute prin debitare.
Buteni pentru furnire reprezint volumul de
buteni destinai prelucrrii n furnire estetice sau furnire
tehnice prin tiere plan sau prin derulare.
Buteni pentru rezonan reprezint volumul de
buteni destinai prelucrrii n cherestea n vederea
producerii de instrumente muzicale; lemnul se
caracterizeaz printr-o structur fin care-i confer
calitatea de rezonator.
Lemn pentru celuloz reprezint volumul de lemn
destinat prelucrrii n celuloz.
Lemn pentru plci reprezint volumul de lemn
destinat prelucrrii n plci din achii de lemn (PAL) i
plci din fibre de lemn (PFL).
Lemn pentru min reprezint volumul de lemn
utilizat pentru susinerea lucrrilor miniere n subteran.
Lemn pentru construcii rurale reprezint volumul de
lemn utilizat pentru construcii n special n zonele rurale.
Lemn pentru distilare reprezint volumul de lemn
destinat prelucrrii prin distilare uscat n retorte.
Lemn pentru tanani reprezint volumul de lemn
destinat prelucrrii de extracte tanante vegetale.
Lemn pentru mangalizare reprezint volumul de
lemn destinat pentru producerea crbunelui de lemn,
prin carbonizare n boce.
Lemn pentru alte utilizri reprezint volumul de
lemn utilizat pentru araci, spalieri etc.
Lemn pentru foc reprezint volumul de lemn
destinat arderii pentru nclzire, pregtirea hranei,
uscarea sau deshidratarea unor produse etc.
Volumul cojii reprezint volumul stabilit prin
aplicarea procentului cojii la volumul de lemn exploatat.
Alte sortimente secundare reprezint volumul de
crci, resturi de exploatare i consumuri tehnologice.

Harvested wood volume represents wood volume

(gross volume) harvested until the end of the year, meant
for economic operators and natural persons owning
forests.
Volume of wood exploited by economic operators
having forestry activity represents the volume resulted in
the process of wood exploitation and recorded in primary
accounting of economic operator, including bark volume
and other secondary assortments.
Volume of round timber represents the volume of
industrial round wood and fuel wood.
Logs for sawn timber represents the volume of
logs to be processed, in sawn timber and other items
obtained by cutting.
Logs for veneer represents the volume of logs to be
processed in decorative or technical veneers obtained by
plane cutting or winding off.
Logs for resonance represents the volume of
logs to be processed in view to produce musical
instruments; the wood is characterised by a specific
fine structure for resonance purpose.
Pulpwood represents the volume of wood to be
processed in pulp.
Wood for boards represents the volume of wood to
be processed in particleboards and fibreboards.
Fender represents the volume of wood used for the
reinforcement of underground mining works.
Wood for rural buildings represents the volume of
wood used for buildings, especially in rural areas.
Wood for distillation represents the volume of wood
to be processed by dry distillation in distilling vessel.
Tanning wood represents the volume of wood to be
processed for the extraction of vegetable tannings.
Charcoal wood represents the volume of wood
intended for charcoal production by pit carbonization in
kilns.
Wood for other uses represents the volume of
wood used for stakes, espaliers a.s.o.
Fuel wood represents the volume of wood to be
burnt for heating, food preparation, drying or dehydration
of various products a.s.o.
Volume of bark represents the volume of bark
obtained by the bark coefficient applied to the volume of
wood exploited.
Other secondary assortments represents the
volume of branches, wood residues and tehnological
consumption.

Suprafaa agricol, dup modul de folosin, n anul 2012 (la sfritul anului)
Agricultural area, by use, in 2012 (end of year)

14.G1

2,7%
10,6%

Arabil
Arable land
Puni
Pastures

22,4%

Fnee
Hayfields
Vii i livezi
Vineyards and orchards

64,3%

Indicii produciei ramurii agricole

Agricultural branch production indices

14.G2
%

150

2005=100

141,8
128,9

120
101,8

90

60

102,1

102,7

120,1

93,0

Servicii agricole /
Agricultural services

106,4

99,9
99,8

84,3

Producia animal /
Animal production

135,6

91,9

99,6 100,9
85,7

109,9
95,1
86,4

90,5
85,8
85,8
83,4

72,9

Total

Producia vegetal /
Crop production

2007

2008

14.G3

2009

2010

2011

2012

Evoluia produciei principalelor cereale

Evolution of main cereals production
mii tone / thou tonnes

24000
20842,2
20000
16712,9

16826,4
14873,0

16000

11717,6

12000
7849,1

7814,8

8000

7973,3

12824,1

9042,0
5953,4

4000
0

7163,0

3853,9

7212,4

3065,1

1209,4

1182,1

1311,0

1329,7

986,4

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

531,4

2007

5235,5

5846,1

5316,0

Cereale pentru boabe - total

Cereals for grains - total

Orz i orzoaic
Barley and two-row barley

Gru i secar
Wheat and rye

Porumb boabe
Maize grains

14.G4

Efectivele de animale1)
Livestock1)

mii capete / thou heads

10000
9000
8000
7000

1)

1241
611

8417

9141
917
764

2512
5793

2009

2010

Bovine / Cattle

Ovine / Sheep

Porcine / Pigs

Caprine / Goats

2009
5234
8834
1266
575

2008

1989
5364
8533
1236
596

2007

2001
5428

898
820

1000

6174
8882

2000

2684

3000

865
862

4000

2819

5000

6565
8469

6000

2011

2012

Cabaline / Horses

La 1 decembrie. / On December, 1.

14.G5

Structura volumului de lemn recoltat, n anul 2012

Structure of harvested wood volume, in 2012

7,5%

Rinoase
Coniferous

10,6%

Fag
Beech
39,9%

8,8%

Stejar
Oak
Diverse specii tari
Various strong species

33,2%

Diverse specii moi

Various soft species

14

AGRICULTUR I SILVICULTUR
AGRICULTUR

14.1 Fondul funciar, dup modul de folosin (la sfritul anului)

14.2 Suprafaa agricol, dup modul de folosin (la sfritul anului)
14.3 Exploataiile agrocole care au utilizat suprafee agricole i/sau au deinut efective
de animale, dup statutul juridic al exploataiilor agricole
14.4 Exploataiile agricole, suprafaa agricol utilizat i suprafaa agricol
utilizat ce a revenit n medie pe o exploataie agricol, dup statutul juridic
al exploataiilor agricole
14.5 Exploataiile agricole, pe categorii de folosin i pe clase de mrime
a suprafeei agricole utilizate
14.6 Exploataiile agricole cu principalele culturi n teren arabil, pe clase de mrime
a suprafeei agricole utilizate
14.7 Exploataiile agricole cu efective de animale i efectivele de animale pe specii,
pe clase de mrime a suprafeei agricole utilizate
14.8 Producia ramurii agricole
14.9 Producia principalelor produse agricole, pe locuitor
14.10 Suprafaa cultivat, cu principalele culturi
14.11 Producia agricol vegetal, la principalele culturi
14.12 Producia medie la hectar, la principalele culturi
14.13 Suprafaa viilor pe rod i producia de struguri
14.14 Producia de fructe
14.15 Efectivele de animale
14.16 Animale ce revin la 100 hectare teren
14.17 Producia agricol animal
14.18 Parcul de tractoare i maini agricole principale din agricultur (la sfritul anului)
14.19 ngrminte chimice i naturale folosite n agricultur
SILVICULTUR
14.20
14.21
14.22
14.23
14.24

Fondul forestier (la sfritul anului)

Regenerri artificiale
Suprafaa parcurs cu tieri
Volumul de lemn recoltat
Volumul de lemn exploatat de ctre operatorii economici cu activitate
de exploatare forestier
TERITORIAL

14.25
14.26
14.27
14.28
14.29
14.30
14.31
14.32
14.33
14.34
14.35
14.36

Fondul funciar, dup modul de folosin, n profil teritorial, la 31 decembrie 2012

Suprafaa cultivat, cu principalele culturi, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
Producia ramurii agricole, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
Producia agricol vegetal, la principalele culturi, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
Producia medie la hectar, la principalele culturi, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
Suprafaa viilor pe rod, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
Producia de struguri, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
Producia medie de struguri la hectar, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
Producia de fructe, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
Efectivele de animale, n profil teritorial, la 1 decembrie 2012
Producia agricol animal, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
Parcul de tractoare i maini agricole principale din agricultur, n profil teritorial,
n anul 2012 (la sfritul anului)
14.37 Volumul de lemn recoltat, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012

ACTIVITATEA
NTREPRINDERII

ENTERPRISE
ACTIVITY

15

SURSA DATELOR






Cercetri statistice:
Ancheta structural n ntreprinderi i alte cercetri
realizate de Institutul Naional de Statistic privind
activitatea ntreprinderilor din industrie, construcii, comer
i alte servicii;
Registrul statistic al ntreprinderilor, gestionat de Institutul
Naional de Statistic.
Surse administrative:
Ministerul Finanelor Publice, pentru datele din Registrul
Contribuabililor, pentru datele din bilanurile contabile ale
firmelor, pentru datele privind impozitarea veniturilor
persoanelor fizice i asociaiilor familiale, precum i pentru
datele privind statele de funciuni ale unitilor bugetare;
Oficiul Naional al Registrului Comerului, pentru datele
privind structura capitalului social;
Autoritatea pentru Administrarea Activelor Statului, pentru
datele privind ntreprinderile privatizate;
Banca Naional a Romniei, pentru datele privind situaia
societilor cu activitate bancar;
Alte ministere i organizaii neguvernamentale, pentru
structura privind mrimea i activitile ntreprinderilor din
subordine.

DATA SOURCE






Statistical surveys:
Structural business survey and other surveys carried
out by the National Institute of Statistics on the activity
of industry, construction, trade and other services
enterprises;
Statistical business register managed by the National
Institute of Statistics.
Administrative sources:
Ministry of Public Finances, for data from Taxpayer
Register, for data on firms balance sheets, data on
income taxation for natural persons and family
associations, as well as for data on the functions roll of
budgetary units;
National Office of Trade Register, for data on social
capital structure;
Authority for State Assets Administration, for the data on
privatised enterprises;
National Bank of Romania, for the data situation of
banking companies;
Other ministries and NGOs, for the structure data on
size and activity of subordinated enterprises.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

Operator economic reprezint organizaia (pluridisciplinar sau unipersonal) ce poate fi o persoan fizic/juridic
creat pentru a desfura activiti definite n baza Legii nr.
15 / 1990, a Legii nr. 31 / 1990 cu modificrile ulterioare i a
Ordonanei de Urgen a Guvernului nr.44 / 2008.
Operator social reprezint organizaia (pluripersonal sau
unipersonal) cu personalitate juridic, creat pentru a
desfura o activitate dedicat interesului social.
Unitate legal reprezint orice operator economic sau
social care dispune de un patrimoniu propriu, poate s ncheie
n nume propriu contracte cu teri i s-i apere interesele n
justiie - are personalitate juridic. Unitile legale sunt fie
persoane fizice autorizate, ntreprinderi individuale,
ntreprinderi familiale (n calitatea lor de ntreprinztori),
fie persoane juridice.
Registrul Statistic (REGIS) reprezint un instrument
statistic de eviden a datelor de identificare i a unor indicatori
economici principali pentru toate unitile legale, care desfoar
o activitate economic sau social. Registrul este actualizat pe
baza urmtoarelor surse:
Registrul Contribuabililor;
Registrul Comerului;
Bilanul contabil al operatorilor economici;
Bilanul contabil al organizaiilor neguvernamentale;
Date i informaii furnizate de Autoritatea pentru
Administrarea Activelor Statului i de Banca Naional a
Romniei;
Cercetri statistice organizate de Institutul Naional de
Statistic.

Economic operator represents the (pluridisciplinary or

unipersonal) organisation which can be a legal / natural person
created to develop activities defined according to the
Law no. 15 / 1990, Law no. 31/1990, with subsequent amendments and Government Priority Ordinance no. 44 / 2008.
Social operator represents an organisation (consisting
of one or several persons) with legal personality, created in
order to carry out an activity devoted to social interest.
Legal unit represents any economic or social operator
having own patrimony; it can conclude contracts with third
parties in own name and defend his interests in justice - it
has legal status. Legal units are either authorized natural
persons, individual enterprises, family enterprises (quality of
entrepreneurs), or legal persons.
Statistical register (REGIS) represents a statistical
instrument for records of identification data and for some
main economic indicators for all legal units carrying out an
economic or social activity. The register is updated based on
the following sources:
Taxpayer Register;
Trade Register;
Balance sheets of economic operators;
Balance sheets of non-governmental organisations;
Information supplied by Authority for State Assets
Administration and by the National Bank of Romania;
Statistical surveys organised by the National Institute of
Statistics.

1)

ntreprinderea este o grupare de uniti legale

care se constituie ca o entitate organizaional de
producie de bunuri, servicii comerciale, sau servicii de
interes social, ce beneficiaz de o autonomie de decizie,
mai ales pentru asigurarea resurselor sale curente.
O ntreprindere exercit una sau mai multe activiti, n
unul sau mai multe locuri (sedii - uniti locale ale
ntreprinderii). n mod convenional sunt asimilate
ntreprinderilor, persoanele fizice autorizate, ntreprinderile
individuale i ntreprinderile familiale care desfoar
activiti economice pe baz de liber iniiativ potrivit legii,
instituiile publice i organizaiile neguvernamentale.
1)
Unitatea local este o ntreprindere sau o parte a
acesteia (atelier, fabric, depozit, birou, min sau staie
etc.) situat la o adres identificabil.
n acest loc se desfoar o activitate economic,
pentru care - n afara unor cazuri excepionale - lucreaz
una sau mai multe persoane (cu norm ntreag sau
parial) pentru aceeai ntreprindere.
ntreprinderea activ este entitatea care, din punct
de vedere economic, este activ n perioada de
observare, respectiv realizeaz bunuri sau servicii,
nregistreaz cheltuieli i ntocmete bilan contabil.
ntreprinderea dormant este entitatea care exist
juridic, dar este inactiv, din punct de vedere economic,
n perioada de observare.
n funcie de principalele caracteristici ale
comportamentului lor economic, ntreprinderile - n sensul
larg al cuvntului - se clasific n urmtoarele categorii:
ntreprinderi cu activitate economic nefinanciar:
ntreprinderi agricole; ntreprinderi din industrie,
construcii, comer i alte servicii;
ntreprinderi financiare, bancare i de asigurri;
Instituii din administraia public central i
local i instituii din sfera securitii sociale;
Organizaii neguvernamentale - fr scop
patrimonial;
ntreprinztori privai - persoane fizice autorizate,
ntreprinderi individuale, ntreprinderi familiale,
persoane ce desfoar activiti liberale.
ntreprinderile - n sensul larg al cuvntului - dup
formele juridice de organizare, sunt urmtoarele:
Regii autonome i institute naionale nfiinate
prin Hotrri guvernamentale sau ale administraiei
locale;
Societi comerciale nfiinate n baza
Legii nr. 31 / 1990, cu modificrile i completrile
ulterioare, de tipul:
- societi n nume colectiv;
- societi n comandit simpl;
- societi n comandit pe aciuni;
- societi pe aciuni, inclusiv societi i companii
naionale;
- societi cu rspundere limitat.
1)

1)

Enterprise is a group of legal units constituted as

an organizational entity of goods production, trade
services or social interest services, which benefits of a
decisional autonomy, especially in view to ensure its
current resources.
An enterprise is carrying out one or several
activities, on one or several places (headquarters - local
units of enterprises). The natural persons and the family
associations carrying out economic activities based on
free initiative according to the law, the public institutions
and the NGOs are conventionally assimilated to
enterprises.
1)
The local unit is an enterprise or part thereof
(workshop, factory, warehouse, office, mine or station
a.s.o.) situated in a geographically identifiable place.
At this place an economic activity is carried out for
which - save for certain exceptions - one or more
persons work (even if only part - time) for one and the
same enterprise.
Active enterprise is the entity which, from
economic standpoint, is active during the survey period,
that is, it produces goods or services, records
expenditure and draws up balance sheets.
Dormant enterprise is the entity existing from
juridical standpoint, but inactive, from the economic
standpoint, during the survey period.
According to the main characteristics of their
economic behaviour, enterprises - in the broad meaning
of the word - are classified in the following categories:
Enterprises with non-financial economic activity:
agricultural holdings; enterprises from industry,
construction, trade and other services;
Financial, banking and insurance companies;
Institutions of central and local government and
institutions from social security field;
Non-governmental organisations - non-patrimony
purpose;
Private entrepreneurs - authorized natural
persons, individual enterprises, family enterprises,
persons developing liberal activities.
Enterprises - in the broad meaning of the word according to juridical organisational types are the following:
Autonomous companies and national institutes,
created on the basis of central or local government
decisions;
Commercial companies created on the basis of
Law no. 31/ 1990, with subsequent amendments,
such as:
- partnerships;
- simple limited partnerships;
- joint-stock partnerships;
- joint-stock companies, including national societies
and companies;
- limited liability companies.

Definiie n conformitate cu Regulamentul Consiliului (CEE) nr. 696 / 1993, privind unitile de observare statistic.
Definition in compliance with The Council Regulation (EEC) no. 696 / 1993, on the statistical observation units.

 Societi agricole nfiinate sau reorganizate n

baza Legii nr. 36 / 1991;
Societi cooperatiste reprezint societile cu
capital de tip cooperatist nfiinate sau reorganizate
n baza Decretului - Lege nr. 66 / 1990,
a
Legilor nr. 109 / 1996 i 1 / 2005;
Alte instituii ale administraiei publice centrale
i locale nfiinate prin decrete, legi;
Instituii bugetare nfiinate prin hotrri de guvern
sau decizii ale organelor administraiei locale;
ntreprinztori privai - persoane fizice autorizate,
ntreprinderi individuale sau ntreprinderi familiale,
nfiinate n baza Ordonanei de Urgen a
Guvernului nr. 44 / 2008, profesiile liberale aa cum
sunt definite de legile speciale.
Organizaii neguvernamentale - asociaii i
fundaii, sindicate, partide politice, organizaii ale
cultelor religioase nfiinate n baza Ordonanei
Guvernului nr. 26 / 2000 i Legii nr. 62 / 2011,
Legii nr. 14 / 2003, Legii nr. 489 / 2006.
Dup forma juridic de organizare, ntreprinderile
au caracter comercial sau necomercial. n categoria
formelor juridice necomerciale sunt incluse instituiile
bugetare, administraia public central i local,
precum i organizaiile neguvernamentale.
n sfera economic se includ formele juridice cu
caracter comercial: regii autonome i institute naionale,
societi comerciale, societi cooperatiste, societi
agricole. n aceast categorie nu se includ societile
care desfoar activiti cu caracter social, respectiv
activitile didactic-educative i de asisten sanitar.
Aceste activiti nu sunt asimilate cu un act de comer i
nu pot conferi comercialitate societii care o desfoar.
Mrimea ntreprinderii este evaluat dup criteriul
numrului mediu de salariai, n perioada de referin, n
concordan cu criteriile emise de Eurostat. Se utilizeaz
urmtoarele intervale:
ntreprinderi micro:
0 - 9 salariai;
ntreprinderi mici:
10 - 49 salariai;
ntreprinderi mijlocii: 50 - 249 salariai;
ntreprinderi mari:
250 salariai i peste.
Activitatea principal a ntreprinderii este stabilit
n funcie de produsele sau serviciile a cror realizare
implic cele mai mari pri ale resurselor umane sau care
aduc cele mai mari venituri ntreprinderii i se determin
utiliznd Clasificarea Activitilor din Economia Naional
(CAEN Rev.2).
Cifra de afaceri - suma veniturilor rezultate din
vnzri de bunuri, vnzri de mrfuri, executarea de
lucrri i prestri de servicii, mai puin rabaturile,
remizele i alte reduceri acordate clienilor.
Datele privind cifra de afaceri nu includ TVA.

Agricultural holdings created or restructured on

the basis of Law no. 36 / 1991;
Cooperative companies - represent cooperative
type capital companies created or reorganized based
on the Decree - Law no. 66 / 1990, Law no. 109 / 1996
and Law no. 1 / 2005.
Other institutions of government central and local
administration created on the basis of Decree, Laws;
Budgetary institutions created on the basis of
central or local government decisions;
Private entrepreneurs - authorized natural
persons, individual enterprises or family enterprises,
created according to the Government Ordinance
no. 44 / 2008, liberal professions as they are defined
by social laws.
Non-governmental organisations - associations
and foundations, unions, political parties, religious
associations created according to the Government
Ordinance no.26 / 2000, Law no. 62 / 2011,
Law no. 14 / 2003, Law no. 489 / 2006.
By legal organisation type, there are commercial or
non-commercial enterprises. The category of noncommercial types includes budgetary institutions, central
and local government, as well as non-governmental
organisations.
The economic field includes commercial legal types:
autonomous bodies and national institutes, commercial
companies, cooperative and agricultural holdings. This
category does not include companies developing social
activities, respectively teaching educational activities and
sanitary assistance. These activities are not assimilated
with the trade activity and can not provide commercial
nature to the respective company.
The size of an enterprise is assessed according to
the average number of employees, during the reference
period. In accordance with Eurostat criteria the following
intervals are used:
micro-enterprises:
0 - 9 employees;
small enterprises:
10 - 49 employees;
medium enterprises: 50 - 249 employees;
large enterprises:
250 employees and over.
The main activity of an enterprise is established
depending on the goods or services whose production
involves the largest share of human resources or which
entails the highest revenues of the enterprise and is
determined based on the Classification of Activities of
National Economy (CANE Rev. 2).
Turnover - the amount of income resulted from
sales of goods and commodities, execution of works and
rendering services, excluding rebate, commissions and
other discounts for the customers.
Data on turnover do not include VAT.

Investiii brute n bunuri corporale - valoarea

investiiilor efectuate n cursul perioadei de referin n
toate bunurile corporale, incluznd pe lng mijloacele
fixe puse n funciune i valoarea cumprrilor de
terenuri i mijloace fixe (la mna a doua sau cumprate
de la alte uniti) corectat cu diferena () soldurilor de
imobilizri corporale n curs (investiii neterminate), cu
diminurile prin: investiii care nu creeaz mijloace fixe,
investiii definitiv sistate, investiii n curs vndute i
investiii n curs de execuie cedate la teri.
Investiii nete: caracteristicile investiiilor nete sunt
prezentate n capitolul nr. 12 - Investiii i imobilizri
corporale.
Exporturi directe reprezint cifra de afaceri
obinut de ntreprindere n urma vnzrii la export a
produselor i/sau serviciilor proprii, fr intermedierea
unei ntreprinderi de comer exterior.
Valoarea adugat brut la costul factorilor - se
calculeaz ca sum dintre cifra de afaceri, producia de
imobilizri i alte venituri de exploatare, variaia stocurilor,
din care se scad cheltuielile de bunuri i servicii, precum
i alte taxe i impozite pe produs i producie.
Rezultatul brut al exerciiului - diferena dintre
suma veniturilor din exploatare, a celor financiare i celor
extraordinare i suma cheltuielilor de exploatare,
financiare i a cheltuielilor extraordinare. Diferena
pozitiv reprezint profitul, iar cea negativ, pierderile.
Repartizarea principalilor indicatori economici i
financiari pe clase de mrime s-a realizat n funcie de
numrul mediu de persoane ocupate.
Repartiia macroregional i pe regiuni de
dezvoltare a rezultatelor ntreprinderilor s-a determinat
n funcie de structura unitilor locale active din
industrie, construcii, comer i alte servicii.

15.G1

Gross investments in tangible goods - the value

of investments carried out during the reference period for
all tangible goods also including, besides the fixed
assets put in function, the value of lands and fixed assets
purchases (second-hand or purchased from other units),
adjusted with the difference () between the balancing
items of ongoing tangible assets (unfinished
investments) and subtracting the investments which do
not lead to fixed assets creation, the investment
definitively ceased, sold ongoing investments and
ongoing investments yielded to third parties.
Net investmentes: the characteristics of net
investments are presented in chapter no. 12 - Investments
and tangible fixed assets.
Direct exports represent turnover obtained by the
enterprise following export sales of own products and/or
services, without brokerage of a foreign trade enterprise.
Gross value added at factors cost - is the sum of:
turnover, tangible assets production and other
exploitation income, change in inventories, less the
expenditure for goods and services, as well as other
taxes on products and production.
Gross result of exercise - the difference between
the revenues from exploitation, financial and
extraordinary income and the amount of exploitation,
financial and extraordinary expenditure. Positive
difference represents profit, and negative ones, losses.
The breakdown of main economic and financial
indicators by size class was done depending on the
average number of employed persons.
The breakdown of enterprises by macroregion and
by development region is determined depending on the
structure of local units belonging to industry,
construction, trade and other services.

Structura operatorilor economico-sociali activi din economia naional

Structure of active economic and social operators of national economy
2007

2012

54,4%

34,5%

32,7%

55,6%

10,2%

9,7%
1,4%

1,5%

ntreprinderi
Enterprises

Administraie privat
Private administration

Administraie public
Public administration

ntreprinztori privai
Private entrepreneurs

15

ACTIVITATEA NTREPRINDERII

15.1 Operatorii economico-sociali activi din economia naional, pe clase de mrime

15.2 Operatorii economici noi i activi din industrie, construcii, comer i alte servicii,
pe forme juridice
15.3 ntreprinderile active, pe activiti ale economiei naionale
15.4 ntreprinderile active, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe clase de mrime
15.5 Concentrarea ntreprinderilor, pe activiti ale economiei naionale, n anul 2012
15.6 ntreprinderile active, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe forme juridice
15.7 ntreprinderile active, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe forme de
proprietate, dup natura capitalului social
15.8 ntreprinderile active mici i mijlocii din industrie, construcii, comer i alte servicii,
pe activiti ale economiei naionale
15.9 Ponderea personalului din ntreprinderile active mici i mijlocii n personalul total
al ntreprinderilor din industrie, construcii, comer i alte servicii, pe activiti ale
economiei naionale
15.10 Ponderea cifrei de afaceri realizat de ntreprinderile active mici i mijlocii n cifra de
afaceri a ntreprinderilor din industrie, construcii, comer i alte servicii, pe activiti
ale economiei naionale
15.11 Principalii indicatori economici i financiari ai ntreprinderilor, pe clase de mrime
i forme de proprietate
15.12 Principalii indicatori economici i financiari ai ntreprinderilor, pe clase de mrime
15.13 Cifra de afaceri pentru ntreprinderile cu activitate principal de industrie i
construcii, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe forme de proprietate
15.14 Cifra de afaceri pentru ntreprinderile cu activitate principal de industrie i
construcii, pe activiti ale economiei naionale
15.15 Cifra de afaceri pentru ntreprinderile cu activitate principal de comer,
pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe forme de proprietate
15.16 Cifra de afaceri pentru ntreprinderile cu activitate principal de comer,
pe activiti ale economiei naionale
15.17 Cifra de afaceri pentru ntreprinderile cu activitate principal de servicii de pia
prestate n principal pentru populaie, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe
forme de proprietate
15.18 Cifra de afaceri pentru ntreprinderile cu activitate principal de servicii de pia
prestate n principal pentru populaie, pe activiti ale economiei naionale
15.19 Cifra de afaceri pentru ntreprinderile cu activitate principal de servicii de pia,
pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe forme de proprietate
15.20 Cifra de afaceri pentru ntreprinderile cu activitate principal de servicii de pia,
pe activiti ale economiei naionale
15.21 ntreprinztorii privai, pe activiti
15.22 ntreprinderile cu activitate financiar, bancar i de asigurri pe forme de proprietate
15.23 ntreprinderile cu activitate financiar, bancar i de asigurri
15.24 Instituiile administraiei publice, pe tipuri
15.25 Organizaiile administraiei private, pe tipuri
TERITORIAL
15.26 Unitile locale active din industrie, construcii, comer i alte servicii,
n profil teritorial, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe clase de mrime,
n anul 2012
15.27 Cifra de afaceri a unitilor locale active din industrie, construcii, comer i
alte servicii, n profil teritorial, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i
pe clase de mrime, anul 2012
15.28 Investiiile brute i nete ale unitilor locale active din industrie, construcii, comer i
alte servicii, n profil teritorial, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe clase de
mrime, n anul 2012
15.29 Personalul unitilor locale active din industrie, construcii, comer i alte servicii,
n profil teritorial, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe clase de mrime,
n anul 2012

INDUSTRIE
I CONSTRUCII

INDUSTRY
AND CONSTRUCTION

16

SURSA DATELOR




Cercetri statistice:
Ancheta structural n ntreprinderi;
Cercetarea statistic privind indicatorii pe termen
scurt n industrie (capitolul referitor la produsele i
serviciile industriale);
Cercetri statistice privind producerea i utilizarea
energiei electrice, termice, a combustibililor i
structura utilajului energetic;
Cercetrile statistice privind producia de energie
primar i transformat.
Surse administrative:
Direcia General a Vmilor (DGV), pentru datele
privind importul / exportul de energie primar i
transformat.

DATA SOURCE




Statistical surveys:
Structural business survey;
Statistical surveys on short term indicators in
industry (chapter regarding industrial products and
services);
Statistical surveys on producing and using electric,
thermal energy, fuels and on the structure of energy
equipment;
Statistical surveys on primary and transformed
energy production.
Administrative sources:
The General Customs Directorate (GCD), for the
data for import / export of primary and transformed
energy.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

INDUSTRIE

INDUSTRY

Industria cuprinde: industria extractiv, industria

prelucrtoare, producia i furnizarea de energie
electric i termic, gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat
(seciunile: B, C, D i E, conform CAEN Rev.2).
Producia industrial reprezint valoarea
produselor finite fabricate, livrate sau destinate livrrii, a
semifabricatelor livrate din producie proprie, a prelucrrii
materiilor prime i a materialelor clienilor, a lucrrilor
(serviciilor) cu caracter industrial prestate terilor,
produciei imobilizate, precum i a diferenei de stoc de
produse finite, semifabricate i producie neterminat.

Industry includes: mining and quarrying,

manufacturing,
electricity, gas, steam and air
conditioning supply (sections: B, C, D and E, according
to CANE Rev.2).
Industrial production represents the value of
manufactured finished products, delivered or which are
to be delivered, semifabs delivered from own production,
the value of processing of the customers raw materials
and materials, works (services) of industrial nature
rendered to third parties, immobilized production, as well
as the stock balance of finite products, semifabs and
unfinished production.
Industrial production index is an index of
Laspeyres type, with 2010 as reference year.
According to the provisions of EC Regulation
no.1165/1998 amended by the Regulation of European
Parliament no. 1158/2005 regarding the short term
statistics, the calculation of industrial production index
includes CANE Rev.2: 05-35 divisions, excluding 353
group.
The nomenclatures used to calculate the
industrial production index are:
The Classification of Activities in the National
Economy (CANE Rev. 2);
The Classification of Products by activities (CPA
2008);
Broad industrial groups (intermediate goods
industry, capital goods industry, durable goods industry,
current use goods industry, energy industry) represent
an aggregated nomenclature of CANE Rev. 2 divisions or
groups used in the European statistics for industry
characterization by destination of produced goods;

Indicele produciei industriale este un indice de tip

Laspeyres, avnd ca an de referin anul 2010.
n conformitate cu prevederile Regulamentului CE
nr. 1165/1998, amendat cu Regulamentul Parlamentului
European nr. 1158/2005 cu privire la statisticile pe
termen scurt, n calculul indicelui produciei industriale,
se cuprind diviziunile CAEN Rev.2: 0535, exclusiv
grupa 353.
Nomenclatoarele utilizate la calculul indicelui
produciei industriale sunt:
Clasificarea Activitilor Economiei Naionale
(CAEN Rev. 2);
Clasificarea Produselor i Serviciilor Asociate
Activitilor (CPSA 2008);
Marile grupe industriale (industria bunurilor
intermediare, industria bunurilor de capital, industria
bunurilor de folosin ndelungat, industria bunurilor de
uz curent, industria energetic) reprezint un nomenclator
agregat de diviziuni sau grupe CAEN Rev. 2 utilizat n
statistica european pentru caracterizarea industriei dup
destinaia bunurilor produse;

 Nomenclatorul de produse i servicii industriale

PRODROM - utilizat la colectarea datelor privind
producia industrial este total armonizat cu
nomenclatorul utilizat n rile Uniunii Europene,
respectiv Lista PRODCOM. Poziiile din cadrul
nomenclatorului PRODROM sunt rezultatul detalierii
subclaselor elementare CPSA 2008.
Pentru calculul indicilor produciei industriale se
utilizeaz un eantion de produse reprezentative,
grupate n 777 subclase elementare CPSA 2008, pentru
care se nregistreaz date cantitative privind producia
realizat.
Nomenclatorul operatorilor economici care
furnizeaz date privind producia industrial cuprinde un
eantion reprezentativ de ntreprinderi cu activitate
principal de industrie (CAEN Rev. 2: 0535) i care este
constituit din totalitatea ntreprinderilor cu peste 50 de
salariai i dintr-un eantion de ntreprinderi cu numr de
salariai cuprins ntre 4-49, astfel nct s se asigure un
grad de reprezentativitate de cca 90% la nivel de total
industrie i minim 80% la nivel de diviziune CAEN Rev.2,
reprezentativitate calculat pe baza cifrei de afaceri.
Agregarea indicilor primari ai produciei industriale
se realizeaz printr-un sistem de ponderri succesive,
utilizndu-se pentru agregarea la nivel de subclas
elementar CPSA - nivel de agregare superior al
PRODROM-ului preul mediu unitar din anul de baz
(2010), iar pentru nivelurile de agregare superioare
(clas, grup, diviziune, seciune CAEN Rev. 2 sau mare
grup industrial) folosindu-se ca element de ponderare
valoarea adugat brut la costul factorilor (VABCF) din
anul de baz (2010).
Primul nivel de agregare este nivelul clasei CAEN
Rev. 2, urmtoarele niveluri de agregare fiind
determinate ca o medie aritmetic ponderat a indicilor
claselor, grupelor, diviziunilor, seciunilor CAEN Rev. 2,
marilor grupe industriale, cu VABCF corespunztoare din
anul de baz (2010).
Indicii pentru marile grupe industriale se obin prin
agregarea indicilor la nivelul grupelor CAEN Rev. 2
componente, ponderate cu VABCF corespunztor.
Indicii produciei industriale pe total industrie se
obin prin agregarea indicilor calculai la nivel de
diviziune CAEN Rev. 2.
Indicele productivitii muncii n industrie este
indicatorul ce caracterizeaz eficiena muncii depuse
ntr-o anumit perioad n cadrul activitii industriale i
se calculeaz ca raport ntre indicele brut al produciei
industriale i indicele numrului mediu de salariai din
industrie.

The Nomenclature of industrial products and

services - PRODROM - used for the collection of data
regarding the industrial production is fully harmonised
with the nomenclature used in European Union
countries, respectively the PRODCOM List. The
positions from PRODROM nomenclature are the result
of CPSA 2008 elementary sub-classes detailing.
To calculate industrial production indices, a sample
of representative products is used, grouped in 777
elementary sub-classes
CPA 2008, for which
quantitative data regarding production are registered;
The Nomenclature of economic operators, which
provides data about industrial physical production,
includes a representative sample of enterprises having
industry as their main activity (CANE Rev.2: 0535) and
which includes all the enterprises having over 50
employees and a sample of enterprises having 4-49
employees, so that a representativeness of about 90%
should be ensured at the level of total industry and
minimum 80% at the level of CANE Rev. 2 division, this
representativeness being calculated based on turnover.
Primary indices of industrial production are
aggregated by a system of successive weightings, using
for the aggregation at the level of CPA elementary
subclass PRODROM level of upper aggregation, the
unit average price of the base year (2010), while for
upper aggregation levels (CANE Rev. 2 class, group,
division, section or broad industrial group), the gross
value added at the cost of factors (GVACF) of the base
year (2010) is used as weighting element.
The first aggregation level is the level of CANE
Rev. 2 class, the next aggregation levels being
determined as a weighted arithmetic mean of the CANE
Rev. 2 classes, groups, divisions, sections, of broad
industrial groups, with the corresponding GVACF of the
base year (2010).
The indices for the broad industrial groups are
obtained by the aggregation of the CANE Rev. 2
component group indices, weighted with the
corresponding GVACF.
The industrial production indices per total industry
are obtained by the aggregation of indices calculated at
the level of the CANE Rev. 2 division.
Labour productivity index in industry is the
indicator which characterizes the efficiency of work
carried out during a certain period of time within the
industrial activity and is calculated as ratio between the
gross industrial production index and the index of
average number of employees in industry.

RESURSELE I CONSUMURILE ENERGETICE

ENERGY RESOURCES AND CONSUMPTION

Indicatorii balanelor energetice sunt elaborai i

prezentai n sistemul energiei finale, sistem utilizat de
rile Uniunii Europene i de majoritatea rilor lumii. n
aceste condiii, datele coninute n aceast seciune
permit comparaia direct, fr calcule de echivalen,
cu datele privind energia din statistica internaional.

Energy balance indicators are compiled and

presented in the final energy system, this system being
used by European Union countries and most of countries
in the world. Under these circumstances, data from this
section allow for direct comparison, without equivalence
calculations, with data on energy from international
statistics.
Final energy system expresses all the flows based
on energy potential of each resource, being presented
the energy quantities effectively put at the users
disposal.
Measurement unit used is tonne of oil equivalent.
It represents a conventional fuel with the calorific power
of 41868 kJ / kg (10000 kcal / kg).
Primary energy resources include:
production of primary energy bearers (net coal,
crude oil, usable natural gas, fire wood, hydroelectric
and wind energy, nuclear-electric energy and energy
from nonconventional sources);
imports of primary and transformed energy;
the stocks of primary energy bearers at producer,
consumer and distributor units on January,1.

Sistemul energiei finale exprim toate fluxurile pe

baza potenialului energetic al fiecrei resurse, fiind
prezentate cantitile de energie puse efectiv la
dispoziia utilizatorilor.
Unitatea de msur utilizat este tona echivalent
petrol. Aceasta reprezint un combustibil convenional
cu puterea calorific de 41868 kJ / kg (10000 kcal / kg).
Resursele de energie primar cuprind:
producia purttorilor de energie primar (crbune
net, iei, gaze naturale utilizabile, lemne de foc,
energie hidroelectric i eolian, nuclearo-electric
i energie din surse neconvenionale);
importul de energie primar i transformat;
stocurile la 1 ianuarie ale purttorilor de energie
primar la unitile productoare, consumatoare, ct
i la cele de distribuire.
Consumul intern brut de energie reprezint
cantitatea de energie rezultat prin nsumarea la
producia de energie primar, a produselor recuperate, a
importului i a stocului la nceputul perioadei de referin
din care se scad exportul, buncrajul i stocul la sfritul
perioadei de referin.
Energia electric primar - suma produciilor de
energie hidroelectric, nuclearo-electric, eolian i solar
fotovoltaic, precum i a importului de energie electric.
Pentru energia hidroelectric, eolian, solar fotovoltaic i
energia electric din import, transformarea n combustibil
convenional s-a efectuat pe baza potenialului energetic
real al energiei electrice (0,086 kg echivalent petrol / kWh
sau 3600 kJ / kWh).
Pentru energia nuclearo-electric, energia primar este
energia materialului fisionabil corespunztoare produciei
realizate (considerndu-se un randament al centralei de
33%, n conformitate cu recomandarea Ageniei
Internaionale pentru Energie). Din anul 1999, randamentul
luat n calcul este 35,11%.
Stocurile cuprind cantitile de purttori de energie
primar i transformat existente la unitile
productoare, consumatoare i la cele de distribuire.
Importul reprezint cantitile de energie intrate pe
teritoriul naional, indiferent dac au fost sau nu vmuite.
Exportul reprezint cantitile de energie ieite n
afara teritoriului naional, indiferent dac au fost sau nu
vmuite.

Gross domestic consumption of energy

represents the energy quantity resulted by adding to
primary energy production the recovered products,
imports and stock at the beginning of reference period,
of which exports, bunkers and stock at the end of
reference period are subtracted.
Primary electric energy - the sum of hydroelectric,
nuclear-electric, wind and solar photovoltaic energy
production, as well as imports of electric energy. For
hydroelectric energy, wind, solar photovoltaic energy and
imported electric energy, the transformation into
conventional fuel was carried out based on real energy
potential of electric energy (0.086 kg oil equivalent / kWh
or 3600 kJ / kWh).
For nuclear-electric energy, primary energy is the
energy of fission material corresponding to achieved
production (considering a power station efficiency of
33%, according to the recommendation of International
Energy Agency). Since 1999, the considered efficiency is
35.11%.
Stocks include quantities of primary and
transformed energy bearers existing at producer,
consumer and distributor units.
Imports represent the quantities of energy entering
the national territory, irrespective of being or not being
duty-paid.
Exports represent the quantities of energy leaving
the national territory, irrespective of being or not being
duty-paid.

Consumul final energetic reprezint suma

cantitilor de energie utilizate n diferite sectoare de
activitate n scopul realizrii de bunuri materiale i
servicii. Nu sunt cuprinse cantitile utilizate n scop
neenergetic i cantitile utilizate pentru producerea altor
combustibili. De asemenea, nu se cuprind consumurile
n sectorul energetic i pierderile n transport i
distribuie.
Sectorul energetic cuprinde urmtoarele activiti:
extracia crbunelui superior i inferior; extracia
petrolului brut i gazelor naturale (exclusiv
prospeciunile); extracia i prepararea minereurilor
radioactive; fabricarea produselor de cocserie i a
produselor obinute din prelucrarea ieiului; producia i
furnizarea de energie electric i termic, gaze, ap
cald i aer condiionat.
n industrie (inclusiv construcii) sunt cuprinse
activitile: extractiv, exclusiv extracia produselor
energetice; prelucrtoare, exclusiv fabricarea produselor
de cocserie i a produselor obinute din prelucrarea
ieiului; gospodrirea resurselor de ap, captarea,
tratarea i distribuia apei; activitatea de construcii.
Consumul populaiei reprezint cantitile de
energie primar i transformat, livrate efectiv populaiei
i utilizate exclusiv pentru consumul menajer.
Pierderile n transport i distribuie reprezint
cantitile de energie electric, energie termic,
combustibili i carburani, pierdute n activitatea de
transport i distribuia ctre consumatori.
Gradul de independen energetic se exprim n
procente i reprezint raportul dintre producia de
energie primar i cantitatea de energie primar
disponibil n perioada de referin. Aceast cantitate se
calculeaz prin scderea din resursele de energie a
exportului i a stocurilor la sfritul perioadei de
referin.
Puterea instalat a unui grup electrogen reprezint
puterea nominal la arborele motorului primar (turbin
hidraulic, motor eolian etc.) multiplicat cu randamentul
generatorului i al transmisiei mecanice, dac acestea
exist.
Puterea instalat a unei centrale electrice este
suma puterilor instalate ale grupurilor electrogene ale
centralei.
Consumul specific de combustibil pentru
producerea energiei electrice reprezint cantitatea de
combustibil consumat pentru producerea unei uniti de
energie termoelectric (1000 kWh).

Final energy consumption represents

all
energy quantities used in various sectors of activity in
order to produce material goods and services.
There
are
excluded
quantities
used
for
non-energy purpose and quantities used to produce
other fuels. There are also excluded the consumption in
energy sector and losses in transport and distribution.
Energy sector includes the following activities:
mining of coal and lignite; crude petroleum and natural
gas extraction (excluding prospections); radioactive ores
extraction and preparation; manufacture of coke and
rafined petroleum products; electricity, gas, steam and
air conditioning production and supply.

Industry (including construction) includes the

following activities: mining and quarrying, excluding
energetic products extraction; manufacturing, excluding
manufacture of coke and rafined petroleum products;
water resources administration, water collection,
treatment and distribution; construction.
Population consumption represents the quantities
of primary and transformed energy, actually delivered to
the population and exclusively used for household
consumption.
Losses in transport and distribution represent the
quantities of electric, thermal energy, fuels and
carburants, lost during transport and distribution to
consumers.
Energy independence degree is expressed as
percentage and represents the ratio between the
production of primary energy and the quantity of primary
energy available during the reference period. This
quantity is calculated by subtracting from energy
resources, the exports and stocks at end of reference
period.
Installed power of a power unit represents the
nominal power of primary mover shaft (hydraulic turbine,
aeolian engine a.s.o.) multiplied with the generator yield
and yield of mechanical transmission, if existing.
Installed power of an electric station is the sum of
installed powers of power station generating sets.
Fuel specific consumption used to produce
electric energy represents the quantity of fuel consumed
to produce a thermoelectric energy unit (1000 kWh).

CONSTRUCII

CONSTRUCTION

Lucrrile de construcii reprezint ansamblul de

activiti desfurate n scopul producerii de bunuri
imobiliare concretizate n cldiri i construcii civile noi,
precum i restaurarea, repararea i ntreinerea celor
existente, de ctre toate ntreprinderile, indiferent de
activitatea principal.
Construcii n antrepriz - lucrri executate de ctre
operatori economici cu activitate principal sau secundar
de construcii.
Dac operatorii economici au alt activitate principal
dect cea de construcii, dar au n subordine uniti
specializate n construcii, ntreaga valoare a lucrrilor de
construcii se consider executat n antrepriz.
Construcii n regie - lucrri executate prin forele
proprii ale operatorilor economici i sociali care au alt
activitate principal dect construciile.
Lucrrile de construcii noi - activitiile de construcii
ce determin direct crearea de noi spaii de locuit
sau alte spaii utilizabile precum i crearea de noi
structuri
la
construciile
civile
existente;

Construction works account for all the activities

carried out in view to produce real estate assets,
materialised in new buildings and civil engineering, as well
as those meant to restoration, repair and maintenance of
the existing ones, by all the enterprises, no matter of main
activity.
Construction under contract - execution works
carried out by economic operators having construction as
main or secondary activity.
If the economic operators have another main activity
than construction, but have subordinated units specialised
in construction, the whole value of construction works
should be considered as being carried out under contract.
Construction under own management - execution
works performed by economic and social operators
having another main activity than construction.
New construction works - construction works
which directly determine the creation of new
housing spaces or other useful spaces, as well
as the creation
of
new structures for the
existing civil engineering;
Capital repair works - all works performed after
the
end of each functioning cycle provided for in
the technical normative and which are aiming at
ensuring the maintenance of technical and
economic features
of
buildings
during
the
whole normed service life;
Current maintenance and repair works - the
whole operations performed on an existing
building in view to ensure the continuity in using it,
to prevent its quick wear and tear and to the
prolongation of its functioning
duration (current
works
of
masonry, painting, heating and air
conditioning, plumbing for gas distribution a.s.o.).

Lucrrile de reparaii capitale - complexul de lucrri

care se execut dup expirarea fiecrui ciclu de
funcionare prevzut n normativele tehnice i care
au ca scop asigurarea meninerii caracteristicilor
tehnico-economice ale construciilor pe ntreaga
durat de serviciu normat;
Lucrrile de ntreinere i reparaii curente ansamblul de operaii care se realizeaz la o
construcie existent pentru a se asigura continuitatea
folosirii ei, mpiedicarea unei uzuri rapide i
prelungirea duratei de funcionare (lucrri curente de
zidrie, lucrri de vopsitorie, lucrri de nclzire i
climatizare, lucrri de instalaii de distribuie a
gazului etc.).
Cldirea rezidenial reprezint cldirea folosit
integral sau n cea mai mare parte (peste 50% din spaiul
locuibil sau din volumul construit) pentru locuit.
Cldirile nerezideniale sunt destinate n
exclusivitate sau n principal altor scopuri dect cele
rezindeniale, din aceast categorie fcnd parte cldirile
administrative i alte cldiri.
Valoarea lucrrilor de construcii este exprimat n
preuri de deviz curente. Se refer la ansamblul de lucrri
cuprinse n proiectele de execuie realizate integral sau
parial, acceptate la plat de beneficiar.
Indicii lucrrilor de construcii au fost calculai n
preuri comparabile. Pentru deflatarea valorilor curente
s-au utilizat indicii de cost n construcii. Pentru perioada
2008 - 2010, indicii de cost utilizai pentru calculul n
preuri comparabile, au ca baz anul 2005 (2005 = 100),
iar ncepnd cu anul 2011, anul de baz este 2010
(2010 = 100).
Indicii productivitii muncii s-au calculat prin
raportarea indicilor lucrrilor de construcii la indicii
numrului mediu de salariai.

Residential building represents the building entirely

or mostly (over 50% of habitation area or of the built up
volume) used for habitation purpose.
Non-residential buildings are exclusively or mainty
intended for other purposes than the resindential one, this
category including administrative buildings and other
buildings.
The value of construction works are expressed into
current estimated prices. It refers to the whole works
included in the execution projects, entirely or partly
performed, accepted for payment by the beneficiary.
The indices of construction works were
calculated in comparable prices. In order to deflate
current values, the indices of construction costs were
used. For 2008 - 2010 period, price indices used for the
calculation in comparable prices, have as base the year
2005 (2005 = 100) and since 2011, the base year is
2010 (2010 = 100).
The indices of labour productivity were compiled
as ratio between the indices of construction works and the
indices of average number of employees.

16.G1

Indicii produciei industriale

Industrial production indices

115

CAEN Rev.2 (seciuni) / CANE Rev.2 (sections)

112,1

anul precedent = 100 / previous year = 100

110,3

110

109,9
108,0

108,2
107,0

107,5

106,0
105

105,5

104,3
103,1

104,6
103,4

102,6

102,4
102,2
101,6

100,4

100
98,4

Total

99,9
Industrie extractiv
Mining and quarrying

95

94,5

Industrie prelucrtoare
Manufacturing

93,1

93,5

Producia i furnizarea
de energie electric
i termic, gaze,
ap cald i
aer condiionat
Electricity, gas,
steam and
air conditioning
production and supply

90

88,0

0
2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Not: Date rezultate din cercetri statistice infraanuale. / Note: The data resulted from infraanual statistical surveys.

16.G2

Structura lucrrilor de construcii n antrepriz, pe categorii de obiecte

Structure of construction works on contract, by category of objects
20121)

2011
18,1%

27,5%

18,5%

32,0%

Cldiri rezideniale
Residential buildings
Cldiri nerezideniale
Non residential buildings
Infrastructuri de transport
Transport infrastructures
Alte construcii i
lucrriinginereti
Other construction and
engineering works

26,2%

26,6%
27,8%

23,3%

1) Date provizorii. / Provisional data.

16.G3

Resursele de energie primar, n anul 2012

Primary energy resources, in 2012
41728 mii tone echivalent petrol
thou tonnes of oil equivalent
iei
Crude oil

Crbune + cocs
Coal + coke

15,0%

12,3%

1,1%
11,0%
Alte resurse
Other resources

14,0%

5,6%
Produse petroliere
Petroleum products

6,3%
24,6%
0,3%

Energie hidroelectric,
eolian i nuclearo-electric
Hydroelectric, wind and
nuclear-electric energy

9,8%

Gaze naturale
Natural gas

Energie electric din import

Imported electric energy
Producie + stoc la 1 ianuarie
Production + stock on January 1

16.G4

Import
Imports

Energia electric, n anul 2012

Electric energy, in 2012

TOTAL RESURSE / TOTAL RESOURCES = 60449 mil. kWh

TOTAL DESTINAII / TOTAL DESTINATIONS = 60449 mil. kWh

11,7%
1,9%

2,3%

65,4%
74,6

19,9%

25,4
1,1%

97,7%

Consumul n economie
Consumption in economy
Producie
Production

Import
Import

Termocentrale i centrale
nuclearo-electrice
Thermal power stations and
nuclear-electric power stations

Iluminatul public
Public lighting

Hidrocentrale, centrale
eoliene i solar fotovoltaice
Hydro-power stations, wind power
stations and solar photovoltaic

Export
Export

Consumul populaiei
Population consumption

Consumul propriu tehnologic

n reele i staii
Tehnological own consumption
in networks and power stations

16

INDUSTRIE I CONSTRUCII
INDUSTRIE
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4

Producia industrial, pe activiti ale industriei

Structura produciei industriale, pe activiti ale industriei
Indicii produciei industriale, pe activiti ale industriei
Indicii productivitii muncii, pe un salariat i pe activiti ale industriei
RESURSELE I CONSUMURILE ENERGETICE

16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
16.10
16.11

Resursele de energie primar

Producia de energie primar
Gradul de independen energetic
Consumul de energie
Puterea instalat i producia de energie electric
Structura produciei de energie termoelectric, dup felul combustibilului consumat
Consumul specific de combustibil pentru producerea energiei termoelectrice
CONSTRUCII

16.12
16.13
16.14
16.15

Lucrrile de construcii, dup modul de execuie i pe forme de proprietate

Lucrrile de construcii, dup modul de execuie
Indicii lucrrilor i productivitii muncii n construcii
Lucrrile de construcii n antrepriz, pe categorii de obiecte

TRANSPORTURI,
POT I
TELECOMUNICAII
TRANSPORT,
POST AND
TELECOMMUNICATIONS

17

SURSA DATELOR

DATA SOURCE

Cercetri statistice:

Statistical surveys:

 Cercetri statistice privind transportul de mrfuri i

 Statistical surveys on goods and passengers

pasageri pe moduri de transport privind infrastructura

i mijloacele de transport i activitile de pot i
telecomunicaii.
Surse administrative:
Ministerul Afacerilor Interne, pentru datele privind
autovehiculele nscrise n circulaie i accidentele de
circulaie rutier cauzatoare de vtmri corporale;
Ministerul Transporturilor, prin Autoritatea Aeronautic
Civil Romn, pentru aeronavele civile cu certificat
de navigabilitate, nmatriculate n Registrul de
nmatriculare al Aeronavelor;
Ministerul Transporturilor, prin Autoritatea Naval
Romn, pentru navele maritime i fluviale
nmatriculate.
Ministerul Transporturilor, prin Autoritatea Rutier
Romn, pentru datele coninute n Registrul
Operatorilor de Transport Rutier, respectiv Registrul
ntreprinderilor.

transport by modes of transport, related to the

infrastructure and to the transport means and on
post and telecommunications activities.
Administrative sources:
Ministry of Internal Affairs, for data regarding
registered motor vehicles and road traffic injury
accidents;
Ministry of Transport, through the Romanian Civil
Aeronautic Authority, for civil aircrafts registered in
the Aircrafts Register, which have navigability
certificate;
Ministry of Transport, through the Romanian Naval
Authority, for registered sea and river ships.

 Ministry of Transport, through the Romanian Roads

Authority, for the data recorded in the Register of
Road Transport Operators, respectively in Business
Register.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

TRANSPORTURI

TRANSPORT

Datele statistice din cadrul acestui capitol reflect

activitatea de transport feroviar, rutier, maritim, pe ci
navigabile interioare, aerian i prin conducte magistrale.
Sunt prezentai indicatori privind transportul de
pasageri i mrfuri, infrastructur i mijloace de transport.
Mrfurile transportate n perioada de referin se
exprim prin greutatea lor, n tone.
n statistica modurilor de transport rutier, aerian i
maritim, greutatea nregistrat este greutatea brut a
mrfurilor. Datele privind transportul feroviar i cel pe ci
navigabile interioare consider greutatea brut - brut a
mrfurilor, care include att greutatea proprie a mrfurilor
i ambalajelor, ct i greutatea (tara) echipamentului de
transport, respectiv palei i containere.
Statistica transportului feroviar, a transportului rutier
i a transportului pe ci navigabile interioare includ date
privind transportul de tranzit.
Transportul pe calea ferat cuprinde mrfurile
ncrcate n vagoane i expediate pe reeaua de cale
ferat, indiferent de destinaie i mrfurile din vagoanele
intrate prin staii de frontier, avnd ca destinaii staii de
pe reeaua naional de cale ferat sau aflate n tranzit
spre staii din strintate.
n statistica transportului rutier, sunt incluse
mrfurile transportate cu mijloace de transport rutier
nmatriculate n ar.

The statistical data included in this chapter reflect

the rail, road, sea, inland waterways, air and oil
pipelines transport activity.
Indicators on the transport of passengers and goods,
infrastructure and means of transport are presented.
The goods transported in the reference period are
expressed through their weight, in tonnes.
In the statistics on road, air and maritime transport
modes, the weight recorded is the gross weight of
goods. For rail and inland waterways transport, the
gross weight of goods includes both the own weight of
goods and packaging, and the weight (tare) of transport
equipment, namely pallets and containers.
The rail, road and inland waterways transport
statistics includes data on the transit transport.
Railway transport includes goods loaded in wagons
and sent by railway network, irrespective of their
destination, and goods loaded in wagons entered through
border stations, having as destination a station of the
national railway network or in transit to a station abroad.
In road transport statistics, the goods transported
with transport means registered in the country are
recorded.

Transportul rutier contra cost este transportul

rutier efectuat contra plat, prin ncasarea unui tarif sau
a echivalentului n natur ori n servicii, cu vehicule
deinute i utilizate n condiiile legii, de ctre operatorii
de transport rutier nregistrai n Registrul Operatorilor de
Transport Rutier.
Transportul rutier n cont propriu se efectueaz
fr ncasarea unui tarif sau a echivalentului n natur ori
n servicii al acestuia, pe baza certificatului de transport
n cont propriu.
Datele statistice privind transportul maritim,
transportul pe ci navigabile interioare i transportul
aerian se refer la transportul de mrfuri, indiferent de
naionalitatea de nregistrare a mijloacelor de transport.
Transportul prin conducte petroliere magistrale
cuprinde volumul produselor petroliere pompate prin
conducte i ajunse la destinaie.
Parcursul mrfurilor, exprimat n tone-km se
determin n funcie de greutatea mrfurilor transportate
i de distanele parcurse de acestea cu mijloacele de
transport utilizate pentru efectuarea transportului, ntre
locul de ncrcare i locul de descrcare. Indicatorul este
calculat pentru modurile de transport feroviar, rutier, pe
ci navigabile interioare i prin conducte.
Transportul portuar prezint date care reflect
operaiunile din porturile maritime privind mrfurile i
pasagerii, respectiv date privind transportul de mrfuri
pe ci navigabile interioare.
Transportul aeroportuar prezint operaiunile
privind pasagerii, mrfurile i pota nregistrate n
aeroporturi.
Pasagerii transportai sunt pasagerii care
efectueaz o cltorie, utiliznd mijloace de transport
caracteristice modului de transport considerat.
Transportul naional reprezint transportul efectuat
ntre dou localiti situate pe teritoriul naional.
Transportul internaional reprezint transportul
ntre teritorii naionale diferite, o localitate fiind situat pe
teritoriul naional.
Transportul public local de pasageri reprezint
operaiunea de transport de pasageri care se efectueaz
cu un vehicul rutier de transport, precum i cu metroul, n
interiorul zonei administrativ-teritoriale a unei localiti,
fr a depi limitele acesteia.
Parcursul pasagerilor, indicator exprimat n
pasageri-km, se determin n funcie de numrul
pasagerilor transportai i de distana efectiv parcurs de
fiecare pasager.
Datele privind infrastructura de transport feroviar
prezint lungimea liniilor de cale ferat n exploatare,
definite ca linii deschise transportului feroviar de mrfuri
i pasageri, iar cele privind infrastructura de transport
rutier se refer la drumuri.
Drumurile publice sunt cile de comunicaie terestr,
cu excepia cilor ferate, special amenajate pentru traficul
pietonal i rutier, deschise circulaiei publice.

Paid road transport means the road transport

carried out under payment, by cashing a tariff or its
counterpart in kind or in services, with vehicles owned
and used under legal conditions, by the road transport
operators recorded in the Register of Road Transport
Operators.
Road transport on own account is carried out
without cashing a tariff or its counterpart in kind or in
services, based on the licence for carrying out transport
on own account.
The statistical data on maritime, inland waterways
and air transport refer to transported goods, irrespective
of the means of transport registration nationality.
Oil pipelines transport includes the volume of oil
products pumped through pipes and which reached the
destination.
The transport performance, expressed in
tonnes-km, is determined by the weight of transported
goods and by the distances covered by the means that
carry out the transport from the loading place to the
unloading place. The indicator is calculated for rail, road,
inland waterways and oil pipelines transport modes.
Transport at ports reflects the operations involving
goods and passengers, which are carried out in sea
harbours, respectively the transport of goods on inland
waterways.
Airport transport presents the operations involving
passengers, goods and mail which are registered at
airports.
Transported passengers are passengers who
make a trip using means of transport characteristic of
each transport mode.
National transport is transport carried out between
two localities belonging to the national territory.
International transport is transport between
different countries, one locality belonging to the national
territory.
Local public passengers transport includes
passengers transport operations carried out using a road
transport vehicle as well as the subway, within the
administrative-territorial area of a locality, without
exceeding its boundaries.
Passengers transport performance, indicator
expressed in passengers-km, is determined by the
number of transported passengers and by the distance
actually covered by each passenger.
The data on railway transport infrastructure reflect
the length of railways in operation, which includes the
lines open to the transport of goods and passengers,
while those related to road transport infrastructure
comprises roads.
Public roads represent the terrestrial communication
ways, excepting railways, specially built up for walkers and
vehicles traffic, open to public circulation.

Drumurile naionale asigur legtura capitalei rii

cu municipiile-reedine de jude, legturile ntre
acestea, precum i cu rile vecine.
Drumurile judeene i comunale asigur legturile
ntre municipiile-reedin de jude i reedinele de
comune, municipii, orae i alte obiective importante,
ntre comune i satele din jude, precum i legtura ntre
municipii, orae, comune i sate ntre ele.
Datele privind echipamentele de transport se refer
la mijloacele de transport nmatriculate, caracteristice
fiecrui mod de transport. n capitol sunt prezentate date
privind accidentele de circulaie rutier cauzatoare de
vtmri corporale, care se refer la orice accident
care implic cel puin un vehicul rutier n micare pe un
drum public sau privat, la care publicul are acces,
provocnd moartea sau rnirea cel puin a unei
persoane. Sinuciderile sau tentativele de sinucidere nu
sunt incluse n aceste accidente.

National roads ensure the connection between the

countrys capital and county seat municipalities, the
connections among the latter, as well as with
neighbouring countries.
County and communal roads ensure the
connections between county seat municipalities and
commune seats, municipalities, towns and other
important objectives, between communes and the
villages within a county, as well as the connection
between municipalities, towns, communes and villages.
Data on transport equipment refer to registered
transport means, characteristic to each transport mode.
The chapter presents data about road traffic injury
accidents regarding any accident involving at least one
road vehicle moving on a public or private road,
accessible to the public, causing death or injury of at
least one person. Suicides or attempted suicide are not
included in these accidents.

POT I TELECOMUNICAII

POST AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Trimiterea potal se refer la expedierea i

livrarea unui bun, prin mijloace diferite de cele
electronice, la adresa indicat de expeditor, utiliznd
serviciile de pot. Sunt incluse trimiterile de
coresponden, imprimatele i coletele potale.
Trimiterea de coresponden este comunicarea
scris, tiprit, imprimat sau nregistrat pe orice
suport material care urmeaz s fie transportat i
livrat la adresa indicat de expeditor (altfel dect
electronic) pe suport sau pe ambalajul acesteia.
Imprimatele (cri, cataloage, ziare i periodice)
sunt trimiteri potale care nu sunt incluse n categoria
trimiterilor de coresponden.
Trimiterile potale recomandate sunt acele trimiteri
pentru care se ofer o garanie forfetar mpotriva
riscurilor de pierdere, furt, distrugere total sau parial,
deteriorare i pentru care se elibereaz la cerere o dovad
privind depunerea la punctul de acces sau la destinatar.
Trimiterile potale cu valoare declarat sunt acele
trimiteri care sunt asigurate mpotriva pierderii, furtului,
distrugerii totale sau pariale, deteriorrii, pentru o sum
egal cu valoarea declarat de expeditor.
Coletul potal este o trimitere potal coninnd
bunuri cu sau fr valoare comercial; coletele potale
nu trebuie s conin alte trimiteri potale.
n numrul de conexiuni la serviciile de telefonie
sunt cuprinse conexiunile persoanelor fizice i juridice la
serviciile de telefonie fix i mobil.
Numrul de conexiuni la serviciul de telefonie
fix este reprezentat de numrul de linii telefonice fixe
conectate pentru care se pltesc abonamente.
Numrul de conexiuni la serviciul de telefonie
mobil este reprezentat de numrul de cartele SIM pe
baz de abonament i cartele SIM prepltite active.

A postal item is an item sent and delivered, through

other means than the electronic ones, at the address
indicated by the sender, using postal services. Items of
correspondence, printed matter and postal packages are
included.
An item of correspondence is a communication in
written form, printed or on any kind of physical medium
to be conveyed and delivered at the address indicated by
the sender (otherwise than electronically) on the medium
support or package.
Printed matters (books, catalogues, newspapers
and periodicals) means postal items that are not
included under items of correspondence.
Registered items are items for which a flat-rate
guarantee against risks of loss, theft, full or partial
destruction, deterioration is provided and, upon request,
proof of the handing in at the access point or to the
recipient is supplied.
Postal items with a declared value are items
insured against loss, theft, full or partial destruction or
deterioration, for an amount equal to the value declared
by the sender.
A postal parcel is a postal item containing goods
with or without commercial value and does not include
other postal items.
The number of connections to telephone
services comprises the connections of natural and legal
persons to fixed and mobile telephone services.
The number of connections to the fixed telephone
service is represented by the number of connected fixed
telephone lines for which subscriptions are paid.
The number of connections to the mobile telephone
service is represented by the number of subscription-based
SIM cards and active prepaid SIM cards.

Principalele tipuri de mrfuri transportate pe cile ferate, n anul 2012

Main types of goods subject to railways transport, in 2012

17.G1

Structur calculat din date n mii tone

Structure calculated from data in thou tonnes
14,5%
44,0%

Crbune i lignit; iei i gaze

naturale
Coal and lignite; crude petroleum
and natural gas

5,5%
Minereuri metalifere i alte
produse de minerit i exploatare
de carier; turb; uraniu i thoriu
Metal ores and other mining and
quarrying products; peat; uranium
and thorium

5,7%

26,2%

Cocs, produse rafinate din petrol

Coke and refined petroleum
products

4,1%

Structur calculat din date n mii tone - km

Structure calculated from data in thou tonnes - km
22,7%

20,8%

3,7%
7,0%

Chimicale, produse chimice i

fibre manufacturate; produse din
cauciuc i din mase plastice;
combustibil nuclear
Chemicals, chemical products and
man-made fibres; rubber and
plastic products; nuclear fuel
Metale de baz; produse
fabricate din metal, cu excepia
mainilor i a echipamentelor
Basic metals; fabricated metal
products, except machinery and
equipment
Alte tipuri de mrfuri
Other types of goods

9,4%
36,4%

17.G2

Transportul portuar maritim, n anul 2012

Maritime transport at ports, in 2012
46,4%

53,6%

Mrfuri ncrcate
Loaded goods
Mrfuri descrcate
Unloaded goods

17.G3

Transportul portuar pe ci navigabile interioare, n anul 2012

Inland waterways transport at ports, in 2012

18,7%
47,6%
Transport naional
National transport
Transport internaional
International transport
Tranzit
Transit

33,7%

17.G4

Numrul de conexiuni (la sfritul anului)

Number of conections (end of year)
milioane / million

30
25

25,4

24,5

22,9

24,6

23,4

22,8

20
15
10
5
0

4,3

2007

5,0

2008

5,3

4,5

2009

Serviciul de telefonie fix

Fixed telephony service

Sursa : Autoritatea Naional pentru Administrare i Reglementare n Comunicaii.

Source: National Authority for Management and Regulation in Communication.

2010

4,7

2011

4,4

2012

Serviciul de telefonie mobil

Mobile telephony service

17

TRANSPORTURI, POT I
TELECOMUNICAII
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9

17.10
17.11
17.12
17.13
17.14
17.15
17.16
17.17
17.18
17.19
17.20

Transportul de mrfuri, pe moduri de transport

Mijloacele de transport feroviar, pe ci navigabile interioare i maritim
Liniile de cale ferat n exploatare
Principalele grupe de mrfuri transportate pe cile ferate
Transportul feroviar, pe tipuri de mrfuri
Transportul portuar, pe grupe de mrfuri, n anul 2007
Transportul portuar, pe tipuri de mrfuri
Transportul rutier de mrfuri, pe destinaii i tipuri de transport
Transportul rutier de mrfuri, pe tipuri de autovehicule, capaciti de transport i
tipuri de transport
Transportul rutier, pe grupe de mrfuri i tipuri de transport, n anul 2007
Transportul rutier, pe tipuri de mrfuri i categorii de transport
Transportul rutier de mrfuri, pe categorii de mrfuri periculoase i
tipuri de transport
Transportul de pasageri, pe moduri de transport
Autovehiculele nmatriculate n circulaie i accidentele de circulaie rutier
cauzatoare de vtmri corporale
Drumurile publice
Aeronavele civile nmatriculate
Transportul aeroportuar
Unitile de pot i telefonie
Activitile de pot i telefonie
Mijloacele de radiocomunicaii
TERITORIAL

17.21
17.22
17.23
17.24

Drumurile publice, n profil teritorial, la 31 decembrie 2012

Liniile de cale ferat n exploatare, n profil teritorial, la 31 decembrie 2012
Activitile de pot, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012
Activitile de telefonie, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012

COMER
INTERNAIONAL

INTERNATIONAL
TRADE

18

SURSA DATELOR

DATA SOURCE

 ncepnd cu 1 ianuarie 2007 statisticile de comer

 Starting with January 1, 2007, statistics of

internaional cu bunuri se stabilesc prin nsumarea

datelor din sistemele statistice INTRASTAT i
EXTRASTAT:
sistemul INTRASTAT: pentru comerul INTRA-UE
(schimburile de bunuri ntre Romnia i celelalte 26
state membre ale Uniunii Europene);
sistemul EXTRASTAT: pentru comerul EXTRA-UE
(schimburile de bunuri ntre Romnia i statele care
nu sunt membre ale Uniunii Europene).

international trade with goods are set up summing

up data from INTRASTAT and EXTRASTAT
statistical systems:
INTRASTAT
system: for INTRA-EU trade
(exchanges of goods between Romania and the
other 26 member states of European Union);
EXTRASTAT system: for EXTRA-EU trade
(exchanges of goods between Romania and the
states which are not European Union members).

Pentru comerul EXTRA-UE:

General a Vmilor (DGV) din cadrul
Ministerului Finanelor Publice, care colecteaz i
prelucreaz declaraiile vamale de export i
import.
Institutul Naional de Statistic, care colecteaz pe
formulare statistice i prelucreaz datele de import
i export de energie electric i gaze naturale,
direct de la societile importatoare/exportatoare.
Aceste date sunt ulterior transmise la DGV pentru
prelucrare i ntregirea datelor de comer
internaional obinute din declaraiile vamale.
Pentru comerul INTRA-UE:
declaraiile statistice INTRASTAT colectate lunar
de ctre INS direct de la operatorii economici care
au realizat un volum valoric al expedierilor
intracomunitare de bunuri mai mare de 900000 lei
sau un volum al introducerilor intracomunitare de
bunuri mai mare de 300000 lei i care ndeplinesc
condiiile stipulate n Legea nr.422/2006.
declaraiile vamale colectate i prelucrate de ctre
Direcia General a Vmilor (DGV), pentru comerul
intracomunitar privind bunuri pentru prelucrare
intern sau prelucrare sub control vamal; bunuri
care se mic din/ctre pri ale teritoriului statistic
al UE dar care nu aparin teritoriului fiscal al UE.
Direcia

For EXTRA-EU trade:

The General Customs Directorate (GCD) within
the Ministry of Public Finance, which collects and
processes export and import customs
declarations.
National Institute of Statistics which collects and
processes data for imports and exports of electricity
and natural gas from importing/exporting
companies based on statistical forms. These data
are subsequently submitted to GCD in order to be
processed and to complete the data obtained from
customs declarations.
For INTRA-EU trade:
INTRASTAT statistical declarations collected by
NIS directly from the trade operators which
achieved a value volume of intra-community
dispatches of goods higher than lei 900000 or a
volume of intra-community arrivals of goods
higher than lei 300000 and which fulfill the
conditions stipulated in the Law no.422/2006.
customs declarations collected and processed by
the General Customs Directorate (GCD) for intracommunity trade regarding goods for internal
processing or processing under customs control,
goods from/to the parts of EU statistical territory
which do not belong to EU fiscal territory.

Gradul de colectare a datelor prin cercetarea

statistic INTRASTAT a fost de peste 95,0% att pentru
introduceri ct i pentru expedieri intracomunitare de
bunuri, raportat la volumul total al introducerilor i
respectiv expedierilor intracomunitare de bunuri. Pentru
restul de cca. 5,0%, reprezentnd valoarea comerului
sub pragurile statistice INTRASTAT i nonrspunsuri au
fost realizate estimri de date.

The percentage of the INTRASTAT collected data

was over 95.0% of total volume of trade, both for intracommunity arrivals and dispatches of goods. Data
estimations were performed for the rest of 5.0 %
representing the trade value below the INTRASTAT
thresholds and non-responses.

Datele privind comerul internaional cu bunuri

pentru energie electric i gaze naturale sunt
obinute astfel:
pentru comerul extracomunitar, de la Direcia
General a Vmilor (DGV), care realizeaz
colectarea i prelucrarea declaraiilor vamale de
export i import (Sistemul Statistic Extrastat);

Data on international trade in goods with

electricity and natural gas are obtained as
follows:
for extra-community trade, from the General
Customs Directorate (GCD) which collects and
process all exports and imports custom
declarations (Extrastat Statistical System);

pentru comerul intracomunitar, prin intermediul

declaraiilor statistice INTRASTAT colectate de
INS de la operatorii economici care au realizat
schimburi intracomunitare de bunuri (conform
Legii nr. 422/2006) i pe baza declaraiilor vamale
aferente schimburilor comerciale intracomunitare
furnizate de DGV (Sistemul Statistic Intrastat);

pentru energie electric i gaz natural, datele

cantitative sunt furnizate de operatorii de reea
(CN Transelectrica SA i SNTGN Transgaz SA).

for intra-community trade, based on INTRASTAT

statistical declarations collected by NIS from
economic operators which performed intracommunity exchanges of goods (in compliance
with Law no. 422/2006) and based on custom
declaration related to intra-community comercial
exchanges supplied by GCD (Intrastat Statistical
System);
for electricity and natural gas, quantitative data is
provided by network operators (CN Transelectrica
SA and SNTGN Transgaz SA).

n cadrul importului i exportului, nu sunt cuprinse

cantitile fizice de energie electric care tranziteaz
teritoriul naional.

Transit of electricity is not included in international trade

with goods statistics.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

Bunurile ce fac obiectul schimburilor internaionale

sunt clasificate potrivit Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC),
care st la baza tarifului vamal comunitar. Datele
statistice sunt prezentate i pe grupe de bunuri din
Clasificarea Standard de Comer Internaional (CSCI,
Rev.4), Marile Categorii Economice (MCE) i conform
Clasificrii Produselor i Serviciilor asociate Activitilor
(CPSA), care se stabilesc pe baza unor chei de
conversie ntre NC i aceste clasificri.

Goods which are subject to international exchanges

are classified according to the Combined Nomenclature
(CN), on which the community customs tariff is also
based. Statistical data are also presented by commodity
groups of Standard International Trade Classification
(SITC, Rev. 4), Broad Economic Categories (BEC) and
according to Classification of Products by Activities (CPA),
which were set up based on conversion tables between
these nomenclatures and the Combined Nomenclature.

Sfera de cuprindere:
Pentru comerul INTRA-UE: se cuprind expedierile
de bunuri din Romnia cu destinaia alt stat membru UE
i introducerile (intrrile) de bunuri n Romnia avnd ca
ar de expediie un alt stat membru UE.
Expedierile din Romnia includ:
bunuri n liber circulaie care prsesc teritoriul
statistic al Romniei cu destinaia alt stat membru
UE;
bunuri care au fost plasate sub procedura vamal de
prelucrare activ (n interiorul rii) sau prelucrare
sub control vamal n Romnia i care sunt destinate
altor state membre.
Introducerile n Romnia includ:
bunuri n liber circulaie ntr-un stat membru UE
care intr pe teritoriul statistic al Romniei;
bunuri care au fost plasate sub procedura vamal de
prelucrare activ sau prelucrare sub control vamal n
alt stat membru UE i care intr pe teritoriul statistic
al Romniei.
Pentru comerul EXTRA-UE: se cuprind schimburile
de bunuri ntre Romnia i statele care nu sunt membre
ale UE, avnd ca obiect: importul direct de bunuri pentru
consum, bunurile importate scoase din antrepozitele
vamale sau zonele libere pentru a fi puse n consum,
exportul de bunuri de origine naional, precum i exportul
de bunuri importate, declarate pentru consumul intern.

The scope:
For INTRA-EU trade: are included dispatches of
goods from Romania to another EU Member State and
arrivals in Romania having as country of dispatch
another EU Member State.
Dispatches from Romania include:
goods released for free circulation which leave the
statistical territory of Romania with another EU
Member State as destination;
goods which were placed under customs procedure
of inward processing (inside the countrys territory)
or processing under customs control procedure in
Romania with other Member States as destination.
Arrivals in Romania include:
goods released for free circulation in a member state
of EU which enter the statistical territory of Romania;
goods which were placed under customs procedure
of outward processing or processing under customs
control procedure in another EU Member State
which enter the statistical territory of Romania.
For EXTRA-EU trade: are included exchanges of
goods between Romania and non-EU Member States,
having as object: direct import of goods for consumption,
imported goods released from customs warehouses or
free zones for consumption, export of national goods and
export of goods imported declared for internal
consumption.

Se cuprind, de asemenea:
importurile temporare de bunuri strine pentru
prelucrare activ (n interiorul rii);
exporturile de produse compensatoare rezultate
dup prelucrarea activ;
exporturile temporare de bunuri pentru prelucrare
pasiv (prelucrare n alte ri);
importurile de produse compensatoare rezultate
dup prelucrarea n afara rii.

There are also included:

temporary imports of foreign goods for inward
processing (inside the countrys territory);
exports of compensatory products which result
following the inward processing;
temporary exports of goods for outward processing
(processing outside the countrys territory);
imports of compensatory products which result
following processing outside the countrys territory.

Nu sunt cuprinse n comerul internaional:

bunurile n tranzit, bunurile temporar admise/scoase
n/din ar (cu excepia celor pentru prelucrare), bunurile
achiziionate de organizaii internaionale pentru utilizri
proprii n Romnia, bunurile pentru i dup reparaii i
piesele de schimb aferente.
Valoarea bunurilor exportate i importate s-a
stabilit pe baza preurilor efective FOB la exporturi i a
preurilor efective CIF la importuri.
Preul FOB (n limba englez Free on Board - Liber
la bord) reprezint preul la frontiera rii exportatoare,
care include valoarea bunului, precum i costul
transportului i asigurrii acestuia pn la frontiera rii
exportatoare.
Preul CIF (n limba englez Cost, Insurance,
Freight - Cost, Asigurare, Navlu) reprezint preul la
frontiera rii importatoare, care cuprinde att
elementele componente ale preului FOB, ct i costurile
asigurrii i transportului internaional pn la frontiera
rii importatoare.
Datele valorice sunt exprimate n lei, euro i dolari
SUA. Conversia n euro, respectiv n dolari SUA, a
datelor valorice exprimate n lei (colectate prin
declaraiile statistice INTRASTAT i declaraiile vamale),
se face utiliznd:
cursul de schimb mediu lunar lei/euro, respectiv
lei/dolar, comunicat de Banca Naional a Romniei,
pentru sistemul INTRASTAT;
cursul de schimb lei/euro, respectiv lei/dolar,
comunicat de Banca Naional a Romniei pentru
penultima zi de miercuri a lunii, pentru sistemul
EXTRASTAT.
Indicii valorii unitare pentru export i import se
calculeaz avnd la baz valorile unitare (medii)
exprimate n euro, pentru un nomenclator de bunuri
reprezentative din Nomenclatorul Combinat (NC), la
nivel de 8 cifre, conform formulei Paasche.
Pentru agregarea indicilor de valori unitare calculai la
nivel de 8 cifre pe diverse nivele din NC i total exporturi,
respectiv total importuri, se utilizeaz ca element de
ponderare valoarea bunurilor din perioada curent.
Baza de calcul utilizat pentru calculul indicilor de
valori unitare este anul precedent, iar indicii de valori
unitare cu alte baze se calculeaz prin nlnuire.

The international trade does not include: goods in

transit, goods temporarily admitted/released in/from the
country (except those subject to processing), goods
purchased by international organizations for own use in
Romania, goods for and after repairs and afferent spare
parts.
The value of exported and imported goods was
set up based on actual FOB prices for exports and on
actual CIF prices for imports.
FOB price (Free on Board) represents the price at
exporter country border, including the value of goods, as
well as the cost of transport and its insurance till the
border of exporting country.
CIF price (Cost, Insurance, Freight) represents the
price at importer country border, including both the
components of FOB price, as well as the insurance and
international transport costs till the border of importing
country.
Value data are expressed in lei, euro and USD. The
conversion for the data in lei (collected through
INTRASTAT statistical declarations and customs
declarations) in euro, respectively USD, is made using:
average monthly exchange rate lei/euro, respectively
lei/USD, published by National Bank of Romania, for
INTRASTAT system;
exchange rate lei/euro, respectively lei/USD
published by National Bank of Romania for the
penultimate Wednesday of the month, for
EXTRASTAT system.
Unit value indices for international trade on data
expressed in euro are calculated based on the average
unit values, for a representative goods nomenclature
from the Combined Nomenclature (CN), at 8 digits level,
according to Paasche formula.
For the agregation of unit value indices, calculated at
8 digits level, on different levels, from CN and total
exports, respectively total imports, it is used as weighting
element the goods value from the current period.
The used calculation base for the calculation of unit
value indices is the previous year, and unit value indices
with other bases are calculated by chaining.

Gruparea exporturilor/importurilor pe moduri de

transport se realizeaz pe baza identitii i naionalitii
mijlocului de transport care trece frontiera de stat cu
mrfurile exportate/importate.
Repartizarea pe ri a schimburilor internaionale se
realizeaz astfel:
pentru comerul INTRA-UE pe baza principiului ara
de destinaie (la expedieri) i ara de expediie (la
introduceri);
pentru comerul EXTRA-UE pe baza principiului ara
de destinaie (la export) i ara de origine (la
import, cu excepia cazului n care ara de origine este
un stat membru UE - caz n care se ia n considerare
ara de expediie).
Se consider ara de destinaie ara n care bunurile
vor fi consumate, ara de expediie ara din care bunurile au
fost expediate i ara de origine ara n care a fost produs
bunul sau n care bunul a suferit ultima transformare
substanial.
Gruparea rilor pe continente i pe zone economice se
face conform recomandrilor Oficiului de Statistic al
Uniunii Europene (EUROSTAT). Gruprile pe ri au
urmtoarea componen:

Uniunea European (UE): Austria, Belgia, Bulgaria,

Republica Ceh, Cipru, Danemarca, Estonia, Finlanda,
Frana, Germania, Grecia, Irlanda, Italia, Letonia,
Lituania, Luxemburg, Malta, Marea Britanie, Olanda,
Polonia, Portugalia, Romnia, Slovacia, Slovenia,
Spania, Suedia, Ungaria.

Asociaia European a Liberului Schimb (AELS):

Islanda, Norvegia, Elveia, Liechtenstein.
Organizaia rilor Exportatoare de Petrol (OPEC):
Algeria, Arabia Saudit, Ecuador, Emiratele Arabe
Unite, Irak, Iran, Kuweit, Libia, Nigeria, Qatar,
Venezuela, Angola.
OECD-UE: SUA, Canada, Japonia, Australia, Noua
Zeeland, Turcia, Mexic, Islanda, Norvegia, Elveia,
Republica Coreea, Insulele Virgine Americane, Chile,
Israel.
Comunitatea Statelor Independente (CSI): Armenia,
Azerbaidjan, Belarus, Kazahstan, Kirghizstan,
Republica Moldova, Federaia Rus, Tadjikistan,
Turkmenistan, Ucraina, Uzbekistan.

ri din bazinul mediteranean-UE: Albania, BosniaHeregovina, Algeria, Egipt, Gibraltar, Croaia, Israel,
Iordania, Liban, Libia, Maroc, Macedonia, Teritoriile
Palestiniene Ocupate, Siria, Tunisia, Turcia, Ceuta,
Kosovo, Melilla, Muntenegru, Serbia.
Diferenele ntre datele pe total i valorile obinute
din nsumarea diverselor structuri utilizate sunt
datorate rotunjirilor.
Datele pentru anul 2011 au fost revizuite fa de cele
publicate anterior i au caracter definitiv.
Datele pentru anul 2012 au caracter semidefinitiv.

The grouping of exports/imports by modes of

transport is made on the basis of both identity and
nationality of the means of transport which pass the state
frontier with the exported/imported goods.
Foreign exchanges of goods are broken down by
countries as follows:
for INTRA-EU trade, based on the principle country of
destination (for dispatches) and country of
dispatch (for arrivals);
for EXTRA-EU trade, based on the principle country
of destination (for export) and country of origin
(for import, except the situation when the country of
origin is a EU Member State when the country of
dispatch is taken into account).
Country of destination is considered the country where
goods will be consumed, country of dispatch the country
from where the goods were dispatched and country of origin
is the country where the commodity was produced or last
substantial transformation was performed.
The groups of countries by continents and economic
zones are made according to the recommendations of
European Union Statistical Office (EUROSTAT). The
economic groups by countries have the following
components:
European Union (EU): Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Czech Republic, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland, Netherlands, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Hungary.
European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Iceland,
Norway, Switzerland, Liechtenstein.
The Organization of Petroleum Exporter Countries
(OPEC): Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Ecuador, United Arabian
Emirates, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar,
Venezuela, Angola.
OECD-EU: USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, New
Zeeland, Turkey, Mexico, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland,
Republic of Korea, Virgin Islands (United States), Chile,
Israel.
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS):
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.
Countries from Mediterranean Area-UE: Albania,
Bosnia-Herzegovina, Alger, Egypt, Gibraltar, Croatia,
Israel, Jordan, Libya, Lebanon, Morocco, Macedonia,
Occupied Palestinian Territories, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey,
Ceuta, Kosovo, Melilla, Montenegro, Serbia.
The differences between total data and data
obtained by cumulating the different structures used
are due to rounding up.
Data for 2011 have been revised against those
previously issued, and have final character.
Data for 2012 have semifinal character.

18.G1

Exporturile i importurile n comerul internaional al Romniei

Exports and imports in international trade of Romania

Comerul internaional / International trade

milioane dolari S.U.A. / USD million
110885

36,5%

133960

37,1%

94923

42,7%

111592

44,4%

139582

128207

45,2%

45,2%

63,5%

62,9%

57,3%

55,6%

54,8%

54,8%

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Exporturi FOB
FOB Exports

Importuri CIF
CIF Imports

Comerul internaional / International trade

milioane euro / euro million
80871

36,5%

90965

37,1%

63,5%

62,9%

2007

2008

68037

42,7%
57,3%
2009

Exporturi FOB
FOB Exports

84229

100244

99774

45,2%

45,2%

55,6%

54,8%

54,8%

2010

2011

2012

44,4%

Importuri CIF
CIF Imports

18.G2

Exporturile (FOB), importurile (CIF) i soldul operaiunilor de comer internaional (FOB/CIF)

Exports (FOB), imports (CIF) and balance of international trade operations (FOB/CIF)
milioane euro / euro million

60000
50000

57240
46869
38953

40000
30000

54952

51322

33725

29549

54704

45292

45070

37360

29084

20000
10000
0
-10000
-20000
-30000

-21773

2007

-9634

-9660

-23515

2008

2009

Export FOB

18.G3

-9509

-9869

2010

2011

2012

Sold FOB / CIF

FOB / CIF Balance

Import CIF

Exporturile (FOB), importurile (CIF) i soldul operaiunilor de

comer internaional (FOB/CIF) cu Uniunea European (UE)
Exports (FOB), imports (CIF) and trade balance (FOB/CIF) with
European Union (EU)
milioane euro / euro million

50000
39953

40000
30000
20000

33978
28472

32166

40173
31602

27013

21600

10000
0
-10000

-6872
2009
Export FOB

-6965
2010

-7787
2011

Import CIF

-8571
2012
Sold FOB / CIF
FOB / CIF Balance

18.G4

Partenerii comerciali ai Romniei, pe principalele grupe de ri, n anul 2012

Romanias trade partners, by main groups of countries, in 2012

TOTAL EXPORTURI FOB (milioane euro) = 45070

TOTAL FOB EXPORTS (euro million)

TOTAL IMPORTURI CIF (milioane euro) = 54704

TOTAL CIF IMPORTS (euro million)

14,7%

15,3%

1,5%

1,1%

13,7%

10,2%

70,1%

18.G5

73,4%

Uniunea European (UE-27)

European Union (EU-27)

A.E.L.S.
E.F.T.A.

Alte ri din Europa

Other European countries

Alte ri
Other countries

Exporturile (FOB) i importurile (CIF) pe principalele seciuni

conform CSCI, Rev. 4, n anul 2012
Exports (FOB) and imports (CIF), by main sections according
to SITC, Rev. 4, in 2012

TOTAL EXPORTURI FOB (milioane euro) = 45070

TOTAL FOB EXPORTS (euro million)

TOTAL IMPORTURI CIF (milioane euro) = 54704

TOTAL CIF IMPORTS (euro million)

14,0%

11,1%

5,6%
40,4%

8,5%

33,8%

6,5%
12,2%

15,5%
13,7%
18,0%

20,7%

Maini i echipamente pentru transport

Machinery and transport equipment

Produse chimice i produse derivate,

nespecificate n alt seciune
Chemicals and related products, n.e.s.

Mrfuri manufacturate clasificate

mai ales dup materia prim
Manufactured goods classified
mainly by the raw material

Combustibili minerali, lubrifiani

i materiale derivate
Mineral fuels, lubricants
and related materials

Articole manufacturate diverse

Miscellaneous manufactured articles

Alte bunuri
Other goods

18.G6

Principalele ri partenere, n anul 2012

The main partner countries, in 2012

TOTAL EXPORTURI FOB (milioane euro) = 45070

TOTAL FOB EXPORTS (euro million)

TOTAL IMPORTURI CIF (milioane euro) = 54704

TOTAL CIF IMPORTS (euro million)
Germania
Germany

Germania
Germany

18,7%

Alte ri
Other countries

17,4%

Alte ri
Other countries

52,6%

51,4%

Italia
Italy

10,9%

Italia
Italy

12,1%

9,0%

Ungaria
Hungary

7,0%
5,5%

5,3%

5,7%

4,4%

Turcia
Turkey

Ungaria
Hungary

18.G7

Frana
France

Federaia Rus
Russian Federation

Frana
France

Orientarea geografic a exporturilor i importurilor Romniei, n anul 2012

Geographical distribution of Romanian exports and imports, in 2012
EXPORTURI
EXPORTS

IMPORTURI
IMPORTS

3,3%
4,0%

2,7%

0,2%

11,4%

0,8%

**)

7,2%
11,7%
15,2%

70,1%

73,4%

Uniunea European
European Union

Africa

Alte ri din Europa

Other European countries

America

Asia

Oceania
**) = Sub 0,05%
Under 0.05%

18

COMER INTERNAIONAL

18.1 Exporturile, importurile i soldul operaiunilor de comer internaional

18.2 Indicii valorii unitare n comerul internaional
18.3 Exporturile (FOB) i importurile (CIF), pe seciuni conform CSCI, Rev. 3
Exporturile (FOB) i importurile (CIF), pe seciuni conform CSCI, Rev. 4
18.4 Comerul internaional, pe Marile Categorii Economice (MCE)
18.5 Comerul internaional, conform Clasificrii Produselor i Serviciilor asociate
Activitilor (CPSA 2002)
Comerul internaional, conform Clasificrii Produselor i Serviciilor asociate
Activitilor (CPSA 2008)
18.6 Exporturile (FOB) i importurile (CIF), pe moduri de transport
18.7 Comerul internaional, pe principalele ri partenere (1999-2006)
Comerul internaional, pe principalele ri partenere (2006-2012)
18.8 Comerul internaional, pe seciuni i principalele capitole conform
Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC) (lei)
Comerul internaional, pe seciuni i principalele capitole conform
Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC) (euro)
18.9 Comerul internaional al Romniei cu rile Uniunii Europene (UE-15), pe
seciuni conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC), n anii 1998-2003
18.10 Comerul internaional al Romniei cu rile Uniunii Europene (UE-25), pe
seciuni conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC), n anul 2004, 2005, 2006
18.11 Comerul internaional al Romniei cu rile Uniunii Europene, pe seciuni
conform Nomenclatorul Combinat (NC), n anul 2007
18.12 Comerul internaional al Romniei cu rile Uniunii Europene, pe seciuni
conform Nomenclatorul Combinat (NC), n anul 2008
18.13 Comerul internaional al Romniei cu rile Uniunii Europene, pe seciuni
conform Nomenclatorul Combinat (NC), n anul 2009
18.14 Comerul internaional al Romniei cu rile Uniunii Europene, pe seciuni
conform Nomenclatorul Combinat (NC), n anul 2010
18.15 Comerul internaional al Romniei cu rile Uniunii Europene, pe seciuni
conform Nomenclatorul Combinat (NC), n anul 2011
18.16 Comerul internaional al Romniei cu rile Uniunii Europene, pe seciuni conform
Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC), n anul 2012

COMER INTERIOR I
SERVICII DE PIA

DOMESTIC TRADE AND

MARKET SERVICES

19

SURSA DATELOR
Cercetri statistice:

DATA SOURCE
Statistical surveys:

 Ancheta structural n ntreprinderi.

 Structural business survey.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

COMER INTERIOR
Comerul cu amnuntul - activitatea de vnzare a
mrfurilor ctre consumatorii finali, n general n cantiti
mici i n starea n care ele au fost cumprate, precum i
vnzrile cu amnuntul prin magazine proprii ale
ntreprinderilor productoare de bunuri.
Comerul cu amnuntul se desfoar prin magazine
specializate, magazine nespecializate, prin coresponden,
standuri n piee, chiocuri i alte forme de comer.
n valoarea comerului cu amnuntul nu se includ:
vnzrile directe ctre populaie de produse agricole
de ctre productorii agricoli (vnzrile pe piaa
rneasc);
vnzrile de produse care nu sunt utilizate ca bunuri de
consum (cereale, semine, petrol brut etc.);
vnzrile de alimente i buturi pentru consumul pe
loc;
valoarea materialelor i pieselor de schimb aduse de
populaie sau operatori economici unitilor pentru
reparaii i transformri de mbrcminte, nclminte,
produse electronice i electrice, de mijloace de
transport etc.;
valoarea obiectelor supuse reparaiilor sau
transformrilor.
Comerul cu ridicata - activitile de vnzare a
mrfurilor (fr ca acestea s sufere transformri eseniale
fa de starea n care ele au fost cumprate) n cantiti
mari, ctre comerciani cu amnuntul, utilizatori industriali i
comerciali, colectiviti i utilizatori profesionali, ali
comerciani cu ridicata sau intermediari de comer cu
ridicata i nu ctre consumatori finali.
n comerul cu ridicata se includ i activitile de comer
prestate de intermediari de comer cu ridicata (activitile
comisionarilor, intermediarilor de mrfuri, precum i toate
intermedierile care se realizeaz n numele sau n contul
terilor) indiferent dac vnzarea se face pe piaa intern sau
pentru export.
Valoarea vnzrilor cu ridicata reprezint volumul
veniturilor rezultate din vnzarea mrfurilor cu ridicata
i/sau comisionul ncasat de comisionari din activitatea de
intermediere a comerului cu ridicata.
n valoarea comerului cu ridicata nu se includ:
vnzrile de produse proprii efectuate de unitile
productoare direct ctre unitile comerciale sau ali
productori;
activitatea de burs a mrfurilor;
exporturile de produse proprii realizate direct de ctre
unitile productoare.

DOMESTIC TRADE
Retail - the activity of selling the goods to the final
consumers, generally in small quantities and as they were
bought, as well as retail through own shops of the
enterprises producing the goods.
Retail is developed through specialised shops, nonspecialised shops, by mail, market outlets, kiosks and other
types of trade.
The value of retail does not include:
direct sales of agricultural products made by
agricultural producers to the population (sales on the
peasant market);
sales of products not used as consumption goods
(cereals, seeds, crude oil a.s.o.);
sales of food and beverages for immediate
consumption;
value of materials and spare parts brought by the
population or by economic operators for repairs and
transformations of clothing, footwear, electronic and
electric products, transport means a.s.o.;
value of objects to be repaired or transformed.
Wholesale - the activities of selling the goods (without
suffering essential changes as compared to the situation as
they were bought) in great quantities, to retail sellers,
industrial and commercial users, collectivities and
professional users, other wholesale or intermediate sellers
and not to final users.
Wholesale also includes trade activities provided by
intermediaries of wholesale (activities of commissioners,
intermediaries of goods, as well as all intermediate
activities on own account or on behalf of thirds) no matter if
the sale is on domestic market or for exports.
The value of wholesale represents the amount of
income resulted from goods wholesale and/or the
commission cashed by the commissioners from the activity
of intermediate wholesale.
The value of wholesale does not include:
sales of own products carried out by producing units
directly to commercial units or other producers;
the activity of stock market;
exports of own products directly performed by
producing units.

Comerul cu amnuntul i comerul cu ridicata

cuprind veniturile realizate, att n ntreprinderile care au
ca activitate principal comerul, ct i n ntreprinderile cu
alte activiti, care obin venituri din activitatea de comer.
Datele valorice privind veniturile realizate sunt
prezentate n preurile curente ale fiecrui an, inclusiv
TVA la comerul cu amnuntul i exclusiv TVA la
comerul cu ridicata.
Reeaua comercial a ntreprinderilor cu
activitate de comer cu amnuntul reprezint numrul
total de magazine existent la sfritul anului.
Indicii de volum ai comerului cu amnuntul au
fost calculai n preuri comparabile.

Retail and wholesale comprise the income

achieved both by the enterprises having trade as main
activity and by the enterprises having other activities,
getting income from trade activity.
Value data on achieved income are presented in
current prices of each year, including VAT for retail and
excluding VAT for wholesale.

SERVICII DE PIA

MARKET SERVICES

Serviciile de pia - activiti care fac obiectul

vnzrii i cumprrii pe pia, indiferent de momentul
plii, tipul de pre practicat (pre de vnzare, tarif etc.) i
modalitile de ncasare.
Activitile de servicii de pia:
servicii de pia prestate n principal pentru populaie;
servicii de pia prestate n principal pentru
ntreprinderi.
Serviciile de pia prestate n principal pentru
populaie i pentru ntreprinderi cuprind veniturile
realizate, att de ntreprinderile care au activitate principal
de servicii, ct i de ntreprinderile cu alte activiti
principale, care obin venituri din activiti de servicii.
Serviciile de pia prestate n principal pentru
populaie cuprind urmtoarele activiti, conform
CAEN Rev.2: hoteluri i alte faciliti de cazare
(diviziunea 55), restaurante i alte activiti de servicii de
alimentaie (diviziunea 56), activiti ale ageniilor
turistice i ale tur - operatorilor, alte servicii de rezervare
i asisten turistic (diviziunea 79).
Serviciile de pia prestate n principal pentru
ntreprinderi cuprind urmtoarele activiti, conform
CAEN Rev.2: transporturi i depozitare (diviziunile: 49 - 52),
pot i curier (diviziunea 53), informaii i comunicaii
(diviziunile: 58 - 63), tranzacii imobiliare (diviziunea 68),
activiti profesionale, tiinifice i tehnice (diviziunile:
69 - 75), activiti de servicii administrative i de servicii
suport (diviziunile: 77, 78, 80-82), activiti de
spectacole, culturale i recreative (diviziunile: 90-93),
alte activiti de servicii (diviziunile: 95-96).
Datele valorice privind veniturile realizate sunt
prezentate n preurile curente ale fiecrui an, inclusiv TVA.
Indicii de volum ai serviciilor de pia prestate n
principal pentru populaie au fost calculai n preuri
comparabile.

Market services - activities which are subject to

sale and purchase on the market, no matter of payment
moment, type of practised price (sale price, tariff a.s.o.)
and ways of cashing.
Activities of market services:
market services mainly rendered to the population;
market services mainly rendered to enterprises.

Commercial network of retail enterprises

represents total number of shops existing at the end of
the year.
Volume indices of retail were calculated under
comparable prices conditions.

Market services mainly rendered to the

population and to enterprises include income
achieved both by enterprises having services as their
main activity and by enterprises having other main
activities, which obtain income from service activities.
Market services mainly rendered to the
population include the following activities, according to
CANE Rev.2: hotels and other accomodation units
(division 55), restaurants and other catering services
(division 56), tourism agencies activities and tour operators, other accomodation services and tourist
assistance (division 79).
Market services mainly rendered to enterprises
comprise the following activities, according to CANE Rev.2:
transport and storage (divisions: 49 - 52), mail and courier
(division 53), information and communications
(divisions: 58 - 63), real estate transaction (division 68),
professional, scientific and technical activities
(divisions: 69 - 75), activities of administrative services
and support services (divisions: 77, 78, 80 - 82), showbiz,
cultural and recreation activities (divisions: 90 - 93), other
activities of services (divisions: 95 - 96).
Value data on income are presented in current
prices of each year, including VAT.
Volume indices of market services mainly
rendered to the population were calculated under
comparable prices.

19.G1

Structura serviciilor de pia prestate n principal pentru populaie, pe activiti

Structure of market services mainly rendered to the population, by activity

20121)

2011

23,2%

34,8%

25,0%

35,2%

20,6%

21,4%

21,9%

17,9%

Restaurante
Restaurants

Activiti ale ageniilor turistice

i ale tur-operatorilor
Travel and tour operator agencies activities

Hoteluri i alte faciliti de

cazare similare
Hotels and other similar
accommodation facilities

Alte servicii de pia prestate n

principal pentru populaie
Other market services mainly rendered
to the population

1) Date provizorii. / Provisional data.

19

COMER INTERIOR I SERVICII DE PIA

COMER INTERIOR
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5

Comerul cu amnuntul, pe grupe de mrfuri

Comerul cu amnuntul, pe forme de proprietate
Indicii comerului cu amnuntul, pe grupe de mrfuri
Reeaua comercial a ntreprinderilor cu activitate de comer cu amnuntul
Indicii privind comerul cu ridicata i cu amnuntul, ntreinerea
i repararea autovehiculelor i a motocicletelor
19.6 Vnzarea, ntreinerea i repararea autovehiculelor i a motocicletelor;
comerul cu amnuntul al carburanilor
19.7 Indicii privind vnzarea, ntreinerea i repararea autovehiculelor i a motocicletelor;
comerul cu amnuntul al carburanilor
19.8 Comerul cu ridicata, pe forme de proprietate
SERVICII DE PIA
19.9 Servicii de pia prestate n principal pentru populaie, pe forme de proprietate
19.10 Servicii de pia prestate n principal pentru populaie, pe activiti
19.11 Servicii de pia prestate n principal pentru populaie, pe activiti i
forme de proprietate
19.12 Indicii serviciilor de pia prestate n principal pentru populaie, pe activiti
19.13 Servicii de pia prestate n principal pentru operatori economici,
pe forme de proprietate
19.14 Servicii de pia prestate n principal pentru ntreprinderi, pe forme de proprietate
19.15 Servicii de pia prestate n principal pentru operatori economici, pe activiti
i forme de proprietate
19.16 Servicii de pia prestate n principal pentru ntreprinderi, pe activiti
19.17 Servicii de transporturi, depozitare i comunicaii, pe forme de proprietate
19.18 Servicii de transporturi, depozitare i comunicaii, pe activiti i
forme de proprietate

TURISM

TOURISM

20

SURSA DATELOR

Cercetri statistice:
Cercetri statistice exhaustive privind activitatea de
turism a persoanelor juridice i fizice (activitatea de
cazare turistic) i cercetare statistic de tip cut-off
pentru activitatea ageniilor de turism.
Cercetare statistic selectiv, referitoare la cererea
turistic a rezidenilor din Romnia, cu vrsta de cel
puin 15 ani mplinii, dintr-un eantion reprezentativ
de locuine.
Surse administrative:
Ministerul Afacerilor Interne, pentru datele privind
cltoriile internaionale nregistrate la frontierele
Romniei.

DATA SOURCE

Statistical surveys:
Exhaustive statistical surveys on tourist activity of
natural and legal persons (touristic accommodation
activity) and statistical survey of cut-off type for
travel agencies activity.
Sample statistical surveys on tourist demand of
residents in Romania aged 15 years at least, based
on a representative sample of dwellings.
Administrative sources:
Ministry of Internal Affairs, for data on international
trips registered at Romanias borders.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

ACTIVITATEA DE CAZARE TURISTIC

TOURISTIC ACCOMMODATION ACTIVITY

Structur de primire turistic cu funciuni de

cazare turistic - orice construcie sau amenajare, care
furnizeaz n mod permanent sau sezonier serviciul de
cazare i alte servicii specifice pentru turiti.
Vilele turistice, bungalourile i pensiunile turistice
- structuri de primire turistic cu funciuni de cazare
distincte pentru fiecare cldire n parte, chiar dac au o
recepie comun pentru mai multe vile, bungalouri sau
pensiuni.
Bungalourile - structuri de cazare turistic de
capacitate redus, realizate, de regul, din lemn sau
materiale similare. Sunt amplasate n perimetrul
campingurilor, satelor de vacan, ca uniti independente
n cadrul unor staiuni sau zone turistice sau ca spaii
complementare pe lng alte structuri de cazare turistic.
Unitatea de tip csu - grup independent de csue
turistice care are recepie i conducere administrativ
comun.
Pensiunile turistice - structuri de primire turistic,
avnd o capacitate de cazare de pn la 15 camere,
totaliznd maxim 60 de locuri, funcionnd n locuinele
cetenilor sau n cldiri independente, care asigur n
spaii special amenajate cazarea turitilor i condiiile de
pregtire i servire a mesei.

Establishment of touristic reception with

functions of touristic accommodation - any building or
settlement which permanently or seasonally provides the
tourists with accommodation and other specific services.
Touristic villas, bungalows and boarding houses
- establishments of touristic reception with functions of
accommodation, distinct for each building, even if they
have the same reception desk for several villas,
bungalows or touristic boarding houses.
Bungalows - low capacity establishments of
touristic accommodation, usually made of wood or
similar materials. They are placed inside campings,
holiday villages, as independent units inside spas or
touristic areas, or as complementary spaces besides
other structures of touristic accommodation.
Houselet - type unit - independent group of touristic
houselets which has the same reception desk and
administrative management.
Touristic boarding houses - establishments of
touristic reception with an accommodation capacity of up
to 15 rooms, with maximum of 60 accommodation places,
operating in the houses of citizens or in independent
establishments that provide accommodation and
conditions to prepare and serve meals for tourists in
spaces properly designed.
Agro-touristic boarding houses are tourist reception
establishments having an accommodation capacity of up
to 8 rooms, functioning in citizens dwellings or independent
buildings providing tourist accommodation in special
spaces as well as lunch preparation conditions and
possibility to take part in household and handicraft
activities.
The establishments of touristic reception having
functions
of
touristic
accommodation
with
accommodation capacity of less than 5 places are not
included in the statistical survey.

Pensiunile agroturistice sunt structuri de primire

turistic, avnd o capacitate de cazare de pn la
8 camere, funcionnd n locuinele cetenilor sau n
cldiri independente, care asigur n spaii special
amenajate cazarea turitilor i condiiile de pregtire i
servire a mesei, precum i posibilitatea participrii la
activiti gospodreti sau meteugreti.
Nu se cuprind n cercetarea statistic, structurile
de primire turistic cu funciuni de cazare turistic cu o
capacitate de cazare instalat de mai puin de 5 locuri.

Nu se cuprind n structurile de primire turistic

cu funciuni de cazare turistic: structurile de cazare
folosite n exclusivitate de posesori sau chiriai, pe o
durat mai mare de un an, indiferent de clasificarea
acestora; locuinele secundare ale populaiei, utilizate
n scopuri turistice n mod exclusiv de posesorii
acestora; cminele, internatele colare pe perioada
anului colar; unitile spitaliceti (cu excepia
sanatoriilor i altor spaii similare ce practic n mod
exclusiv activiti turistice); vagoanele dormitor;
adposturile i refugiile montane i similare; barcile i
dormitoarele pentru muncitori; cminele de btrni i
casele de copii.
n numrul structurilor de primire turistic cu
funciuni de cazare turistic au fost cuprinse structurile
existente la 31 iulie, din anul respectiv. Se exclud structurile
a cror activitate a fost ntrerupt n vederea realizrii unor
reparaii capitale sau pentru modificri importante ale
capacitii de cazare sau / i a categoriei de ncadrare.
Locurile aferente structurilor de primire turistic
cu funciuni de cazare turistic complementare
(csue, terenuri de campare etc.) la o structur de cazare
turistic de baz (hotel, motel, camping etc.) i utilizarea
acestor locuri sunt cuprinse la structura de baz.
Capacitatea de cazare turistic existent
(instalat) reprezint numrul de locuri de cazare de
folosin turistic nscrise n ultimul act de recepie,
omologare sau clasificare al structurii de primire turistic
cu funciuni de cazare turistic, exclusiv paturile
suplimentare care se pot instala n caz de necesitate.
Sunt luate n calcul numrul de locuri din structurile
existente la 31 iulie, din anul respectiv.
Capacitatea de cazare turistic n funciune
(exprimat n locuri-zile) reprezint numrul de locuri
de cazare puse la dispoziia turitilor de ctre structurile
de primire turistic cu funciuni de cazare turistic,
nmulit cu numrul de zile ct sunt deschise structurile
n perioada considerat. Se exclud locurile din camerele
sau structurile nchise temporar din lips de turiti,
pentru reparaii sau pentru alte motive.
Indicii de utilizare net a capacitii de cazare
turistic n funciune se calculeaz prin raportarea
numrului de nnoptri realizate, la capacitatea de
cazare turistic n funciune, din perioada respectiv.

Establishments of touristic reception with

functions of touristic accommodation do not
include: establishments of accommodation used
exclusively by owners or tenants, during more than one
year, no matter their classification; secondary dwellings
of population used for touristic purposes exclusively by
their owners; hostels, boarding - schools during school
year; hospital units (except for sanatoria and other
similar units exclusively practising touristic activities);
sleeping cars; mountain shelters and refuges and
similar; huts and bedrooms for workers; elderly people
hostels and orphanages.
Establishments of touristic reception with
functions of touristic accommodation were included
the establishments existing on July 31, of the respective
year. The establishments whose activity was interrupted
for capital repairs or for changing the accommodation
capacity and / or category were excluded.
Basic unit also includes places afferent to the
establishments of touristic reception with functions of
touristic accommodation (houselets, camping grounds
a.s.o.) complementary to a basic establishment of touristic
accommodation (hotel, motel, camping a.s.o.) and their use.
Existing (installed) touristic accommodation
capacity represents the number of touristic accommodation
places recorded in the last reception, homologation or
classification document of the establishment of touristic
reception with functions of touristic accommodation, the
additional beds that can be fixed if necessary, excluded. The
number of places in the establishments existing on July 31,
of the respective year are taken into calculation.
Touristic accommodation capacity in operation (by
places-days) represents the number of available
accommodation places for tourists in establishments of
touristic reception with functions of touristic accommodation,
multiplied with the number of days when the establishments
are opened during the respective period. The places in
rooms or establishments temporarily closed because of lack
of tourists, for repairs or other reasons, are excluded.
Indices of net using the touristic accommodation
capacity in operation are calculated by dividing the total
number of
overnight stays with the touristic
accommodation capacity in operation, in the respective
period.

ACTIVITATEA AGENIILOR DE TURISM

TRAVEL AGENCIES ACTIVITY

Sunt cuprinse n cercetarea statistic ageniile de

turism care acoper 85% din cifra de afaceri a activitii.
Ageniile de turism tour operatoare sunt acele
agenii de turism specializate n organizarea de
programe i aciuni turistice, pe care le comercializeaz
direct sau prin intermediul altor agenii de turism, pe
baz de contracte i convenii.
Ageniile de turism cu activitate de vnzare sunt
acele agenii de turism care vnd programele i aciunile
turistice ale tour operatorilor.

The statistical survey includes the travel agencies

which are covering 85% of the activity turnover.
Tour operator travel agencies are those travel
agencies specialized in the organisation of tourism
actions and programs, traded directly or by means of
other travel agencies based on contracts and
conventions.
Travel agencies with sale activity are those travel
agencies selling tourism actions and programs of tour
operators.

Aciunea turistic reprezint modalitatea specific de

desfurare i condiiile asigurate de operatorul economic
organizator pe parcursul cltoriei turistului.
Turitii participani la o aciune turistic sunt
persoanele care beneficiaz de serviciile oferite i vndute
de operatorul economic care organizeaz activitatea
turistic respectiv.

Touristic action represents the specific way and

conditions ensured by the organising economic operator
along the tourists travel.
Tourists participating to a touristic action are the
persons who benefit of the services provided and sold by
the economic operator organizing the respective touristic
activity.

CLTORIILE INTERNAIONALE
LA FRONTIERELE ROMNIEI

INTERNATIONAL TRIPS REGISTERED

AT ROMANIAS BORDERS

NREGISTRATE

Vizitator internaional este, din punct de vedere

statistic, orice persoan care cltorete ctre o ar, alta
dect aceea n care i are reedina, pentru o perioad
care s nu depeasc 12 luni, scopul principal al vizitei
fiind altul dect exercitarea unei activiti remunerate n ara
vizitat.
Sosirile cuprind numrul vizitatorilor strini nregistrai
la intrarea n ar. Plecrile cuprind numrul vizitatorilor
romni care cltoresc n strintate i sunt nregistrai la
ieirea din ar. Aceeai persoan din strintate poate
realiza, n perioada respectiv, mai multe cltorii n ar,
fiind nregistrat de fiecare dat ca o nou sosire. n acelai
mod se procedeaz la plecrile vizitatorilor romni n
strintate.
Urmtoarele categorii de cltori sunt excluse din
sosirile i plecrile vizitatorilor internaionali:
persoanele care intr sau ies din ar ca migrani; diplomaii,
reprezentanii consulari i membrii forelor armate cnd se
deplaseaz spre/dinspre locul unde trebuie s-i exercite
misiunea ntr-o alt ar; refugiaii sau nomazii.

International visitor is, from the statistical point of view

any person who travels to a country, other than the one of
residence, for a period not exceeding 12 months; the main
purpose of his visit being other than carrying out
remunerated activity in the visited country.

CEREREA TURISTIC A REZIDENILOR DIN ROMNIA

TOURISM DEMAND OF THE RESIDENTS IN ROMANIA

Sfera de cuprindere a anchetei o constituie

persoanele rezidente din Romnia, cu vrsta de cel puin 15
ani mplinii, din cadrul unui eantion reprezentativ de
gospodrii.
nregistrarea datelor se face prin metoda interviului
fa n fa, rolul principal revenind anchetatorilor, care se
deplaseaz la locuinele cuprinse n eantionul anchetei. Se
obin informaii referitoare la numrul de turiti, cltorii i
nnoptri efectuate de rezidenii din Romnia pentru
plecrile n vacane (odihn, recreere, vizite la prieteni i
rude) i pentru afaceri i motive profesionale.
Eantionul anchetei cuprinde 8728 locuine/ trimestru,
volumul lui fiind calculat pentru o probabilitate de garantare
a rezultatelor de 95% i o eroare de reprezentativitate de
5%, asigurnd reprezentativitatea la nivel naional pentru
variabilele eseniale ale anchetei (persoanele de 15 ani i
peste, pe sexe i medii de reziden - urban, rural).
La extragerea eantioanelor n perioada 2011 i 2012 au
fost utilizate date privind populaia, neinfluenate de migraia
extern.
Se exclud cltoriile avnd ca scop exercitarea unei
activiti remunerate n locul vizitat, precum i cltoriile
fr nnoptare n locul vizitat.

The coverage of the survey consists of the Romanian

residents aged at least 15 years, within in a representative
sample of households.

Arrivals include the number of foreign visitors

registered at the borders. Departures include the number of
Romanian visitors who travel abroad, registered at the
borders. The same foreign person can make several trips to
the country in the respective period, every new arrival being
registered. The same applies for the departures of the
Romanian visitors abroad, too.
The following categories of travellers are excluded
from arrivals and departures of the international
visitors: persons who enter or leave the country as
migrants; diplomats, consular representatives and members
of the armed forces when travelling from their country of
origin towards their mission place in another country;
refugees or nomads.

The data are registered by face to face interviews, the

main role being played by surveyors who visit the dwellings
included in the survey sample. There, they obtain
information on the number of tourists, trips and overnight
stays of the residents in Romania as to the holidays (rest,
recreation, visits to friends and relatives) as well as to
business and professional reasons.
The survey sample includes 8728 dwellings/ quarter,
its volume being calculated for 95% probability of results
guarantee and 5% representativity error, providing the
representativeness at national level for key variables of the
survey (persons aged 15 years and over, by gender and
residence area - urban, rural).
For samples extraction during 2011 and 2012, data on
population were used, not influenced by external migration.
The trips having as purpose a remunerated activity as
well as the trips without overnight stay in the visited place
are excluded.

Structurile de primire turistic cu funciuni de cazare turistic i capacitatea

de cazare turistic, pe destinaii turistice, n anul 2012
Establishments of touristic reception with functions of touristic accommodation
and touristic accommodation capacity, by touristic destinations, in 2012

20.G1

Structuri de primire turistic cu funciuni de cazare turistic (numr)

Establishments of touristic reception with functions of touristic accommodation (number)

676
1850

488

1376
1295
136

Capacitatea de cazare existent (locuri)

Existing accommodation capacity (places)

51081

Capacitatea de cazare n funciune (mii locuri - zile)

Accommodation capacity in operation (thou places - days)

9483

13593

80840

9952
79715
39279
4767

27270

45427

13195
643

Litoral 1)
Seaside 1)

Staiuni montane
Mountain resorts

Orae reedin de jude 3)

County residence towns 3)

Staiuni balneare
Spas

Delta Dunrii 2)
Danube Delta 2)

Alte localiti
Other localities

1) Exclusiv oraul Constana. / Excluding Constana town.

2) Inclusiv municipiul Tulcea. / Including Tulcea Municipality.
3) Inclusiv municipiul Bucureti i exclusiv municipiul Tulcea. / Including Bucharest Municipality and excluding Tulcea Municipality.

20.G2

Structura capacitii de cazare turistic n funciune, n anul 2012

Structure of touristic accommodation capacity in operation, in 2012

9,0%
4,6%
9,3%

9,9%
67,2%

Hoteluri i moteluri
Hotels and motels

Pensiuni agroturistice
Agro-touristic boarding houses

Pensiuni turistice
Touristic boarding houses

Vile turistice i bungalouri

Touristic villas and bungalows

Alte structuri de primire turistic

Other establishments of touristic reception

20.G3

nnoptrile n structurile de primire turistic, pe categorii de confort, n anul 2012

Overnight stays in the establishments of touristic reception, by category
of comfort, in 2012

mii nnoptri / thou overnight stays

7000
5925,2

6000

6190,7

5000
4000
3000

2452,2

2000
1000

1194,4

1175,8

388,4 566,2

314,2

0
5 stele
5 stars

4 stele
4 stars

3 stele
3 stars

Turiti romni / Romanians

2 stele
2 stars

574,7
37,7
1 stea
1 star

337,5

9,1

Neclasificate
Not classified

Turiti strini / Foreigners

20.G4

nnoptrile pe categorii de confort, n anul 2012

Overnight stays, by category of comfort, in 2012

3,2%

1,8%

5,0%

5 stele / 5 stars

19,0%
4 stele / 4 stars
3 stele / 3 stars

33,9%

2 stele / 2 stars

37,1%

1 stea / 1 star
Neclasificate / Not classified

20.G5

Structura sosirilor vizitatorilor strini n Romnia,

dup mijloacele de transport utilizate1), n anul 2012
Structure of foreign visitors arrivals in Romania,
by means of transport used 1), in 2012
2,4%

Transport rutier
Road transport

18,5%

Transport feroviar
Railway transport

3,2%

Transport aerian
Air transport

75,9%

Transport naval
Sea transport

1) Include i cltoriile efectuate pe jos. / Also includes by foot trips.

20.G6

Structura plecrilor vizitatorilor romni n strintate,

dup mijloacele de transport utilizate1), n anul 2012
Structure of Romanian visitors departures abroad,
by means of transport used 1), in 2012
0,2%

Transport rutier
Road transport

22,1%

Transport feroviar
Railway transport

1,8%

Transport aerian
Air transport

75,9%
1) Include i cltoriile efectuate pe jos. / Also includes by foot trips.

Transport naval
Sea transport

20

TURISM

20.1 Structurile de primire turistic cu funciuni de cazare turistic

20.2 Capacitatea de cazare turistic
20.3 Structurile de primire turistic cu funcuni de cazare turistic i capacitatea
de cazare turistic, pe categorii de confort
20.4 Sosiri ale turitilor n structurile de primire turistic cu funciuni de cazare turistic
20.5 nnoptri n structurile de primire turistic cu funciuni de cazare turistic
20.6 Capacitatea i activitatea de cazare turistic, pe destinaii turistice
20.7 Capacitatea i activitatea de cazare turistic, pe forme de proprietate
20.8 Indicii de utilizare net a capacitii de cazare turistic n funciune
20.9 Turismul organizat de ageniile de turism, pe aciuni turistice i zone turistice
20.10 Numrul de turiti, cltorii i nnoptri, dup motivul principal al cltoriei
20.11 Cltoriile internaionale nregistrate la frontierele Romniei
20.12 Cltorii n strintate pentru vacane i afaceri, pe ri de destinaie
20.13 Sosirile vizitatorilor strini n Romnia, pe principalele ri de origine i
plecrile vizitatorilor romni n strintate
20.14 Cltorii interne ale rezidenilor pentru vacane i afaceri, pe zone turistice,
dup durata i organizatorul cltoriei
TERITORIAL
20.15 Structurile de primire turistic cu funciuni de cazare turistic,
n profil teritorial, la 31 iulie 2012
20.16 Capacitatea i activitatea de cazare turistic, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012

FINANE

FINANCES

21

SURSA DATELOR
Surse administrative:.
 Ministerul Finanelor Publice, pentru datele privind
execuia bugetului de stat; execuia bugetelor locale
i execuia bugetului asigurrilor sociale de stat;

DATA SOURCE

Banca Naional a Romniei, pentru datele privind

balana de pli; cursul de schimb mediu anual de
referin al monedei naionale, fa de principalele
valute; masa monetar i contrapartida acesteia;
creditul intern; bilanul monetar al Bncii Naionale a
Romniei; bilanul monetar agregat al instituiilor de
credit i fonduri de pia monetar;

Comisia de Supraveghere a Asigurrilor, pentru

datele privind societile de asigurri, pe forme de
proprietate; investiiile societilor de asigurri i
asigurrile, pe domenii de activitate.

Administrative sources:
Ministry of Public Finances, for data concerning
execution of the state budget; execution of the local
budgets and execution of the state social insurance
budget;
National Bank of Romania, for data concerning
balance of payments; annual average reference
exchange rate of national currency, as against main
currencies; broad money and its counterpart;
domestic credit; monetary balance sheet of the
National Bank of Romania; aggregate monetary
balance sheet of monetary financial institutions and
monetary market funds;
Insurance Supervisory Commission, for data
concerning insurance companies, by type of
ownership; investments of insurance companies and
insurance, by activity fields.

21.G1

Structura veniturilor bugetului public naional

Structure of national public budget revenues
2012

2011
27,9%

27,1%
47,7%

46,1%

26,0%

25,2%

Bugetul de stat
State budget
Bugetele locale
Local budget
Bugetul asigurrilor sociale de stat
State social insurance budget

21.G2

Structura cheltuielilor bugetului public naional

Structure of national public budget expenditure
2011

2012

24,2%

22,5%
53,6%

22,2%

53,7%

23,8%

Bugetul de stat
State budget
Bugetele locale
Local budget
Bugetul asigurrilor sociale de stat
State social insurance budget
Not: Bugetul public naional include: bugetul de stat, bugetele locale i bugetul asigurrilor sociale de stat.
Note: The national public budget includes: state budget, local budgets and state social insurance budget.

21.G3

Structura capitalului social subscris al societilor de asigurri

Structure of subscribed share capital of insurance companies
2007

2012

41,9%

11,8%

Proprietate privat mixt

Private joint venture ownership
Proprietate privat autohton
Private domestic ownership

58,1%

88,2%

21.G4

Structura capitalului social vrsat al societilor de asigurri

Structure of paid up share capital of insurance companies
2012

2007

41,6%

11,7%

Proprietate privat mixt

Private joint venture ownership
Proprietate privat autohton
Private domestic ownership

58,4%

21.G5

88,3%

Structura investiiilor societilor de asigurri

Structure of insurance companies investments

%
100
80
60

41,1

43,9

6,3

2,9

52,6

53,2

2007

2008

41,6

39,0

37,8

2,3

2,1

56,0

58,7

60,1

55,5

2009

2010

2011

2012

2,4

41,9

2,6

40
20
0

Plasamente
Investments

Active circulante
Current assets

Alte active
Other assets

21

FINANE

21.1 Execuia bugetului de stat (1991-2005)

Execuia bugetului de stat (2006-2012)
21.2 Execuia bugetelor locale (1991-2005)
Execuia bugetelor locale (2006-2012)
21.3 Execuia bugetului asigurrilor sociale de stat (1991-2005)
Execuia bugetului asigurrilor sociale de stat (2006-2012)
21.4 Cursul de schimb mediu anual de referin al monedei naionale,
fa de principalele valute
21.5 Masa monetar i contrapartida acesteia (la sfritul perioadei)
21.6 Creditul intern (la sfritul perioadei)
21.7 Bilanul monetar al Bncii Naionale a Romniei (la sfritul perioadei)
21.8 Bilanul monetar agregat al instituiilor de credit i fonduri de pia monetar
(la sfritul perioadei)
21.9 Balana de pli - dolari
Balana de pli - euro
21.10 Asigurrile, pe domenii de activitate, n anul 2012
21.11 Societile de asigurri, pe forme de proprietate (la sfritul perioadei)
21.12 Investiiile societilor de asigurri
TERITORIAL
21.13 Execuia bugetelor locale, n profil teritorial, n anul 2012

JUSTIIE

JUSTICE

22

SURSA DATELOR

DATA SOURCE

Surse administrative:


Ministerul Justiiei, pentru datele referitoare la

persoanele condamnate definitiv, aflate n
penitenciare i centre de reeducare;
Consiliul Superior al Magistraturii, pentru datele
referitoare la numrul i activitatea judectoriilor,
tribunalelor i curilor de apel (aciuni penale sau
civile nregistrate la instanele judectoreti, hotrri
judectoreti penale i civile, persoane condamnate
definitiv, rata criminalitii etc.);
Inspectoratul General al Poliiei Romne din cadrul
Ministerului Afacerilor Interne, pentru datele privind
infraciunile cercetate i soluionate de poliie.

Administrative sources:


Ministry of Justice, for data regarding on finally

convicted persons from penitentiaries and
reeducation centers;
Superior Council of Magistracy, for data regarding on
number and activity of judges, courts of law and
appeal courts (penal and civil actions, finally
convicted persons, criminality rate etc.);

General Inspectorate of Romanian Police within the

Ministry of Internal Affairs, for data on
offences investigated and solved by the Police.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

Infraciunea este considerat fapta care prezint

pericol social, svrit cu vinovie i prevzut de
legea penal.
Condamnarea reprezint aplicarea printr-o hotrre
judectoreasc a unor pedepse prevzute de legea
penal, n cazul n care instana constat c fapta exist,
constituie infraciune i a fost svrit de inculpat.
Condamnarea este definitiv dac hotrrea
judectoreasc prin care a fost pronunat nu mai este
susceptibil de a fi atacat cu recurs.
Contravenia este considerat infraciunea
reglementar, care nu este pedepsit de legea penal, ci
este sancionat pe cale administrativ. nclcarea
dispoziiilor unei legi, a unui regulament etc., care, avnd
un grad redus de pericol social, este sancionat cu o
pedeaps uoar.
n materie penal, datele se refer la numrul de
persoane n vrst de 14 ani i peste, condamnate
definitiv pentru infraciunile svrite.
Recidivitii sunt persoanele condamnate care au
svrit din nou, cu intenie, o infraciune pentru care
legea penal prevede, n anumite condiii, pedeapsa
privrii de libertate (nchisoare) mai mare de un an. n
categoria minorilor condamnai definitiv sunt cuprinse
persoanele din grupa de vrst 14-17 ani.
n cazul persoanelor condamnate pentru mai multe
infraciuni, n statistica judiciar s-a nregistrat
infraciunea cea mai grav.
n numrul de judectori au fost inclui i judectorii
stagiari.
Aciunile directe care se regsesc la infraciuni
contra persoanei se refer la infraciuni mai puin grave
(ameninare, lovire, insult, calomnie etc.) pentru care
plngerea persoanei vtmate se adresa Comisiei de
Judecat, n vederea realizrii de mpcciune.

Offence is the deed presenting social danger,

committed by guilt and provided by penal law.
Conviction represents enforcing, by a court order,
the punishments comprised in the penal law, in case the
court finds that the deed exists, is an offence and has
been committed by the defendant. Conviction is declared
final if the court order by which it has been pronounced
is no longer susceptible to be attacked by appeal.
Infringement is considered the statutory offence
which is not punished by penal law, but is sanctioned at
administrative level. Violation of law or regulation
stipulations etc. having a low degree of social danger, is
sanctioned with a minor punishment.
In penal matter, data refer to the number of persons
aged 14 years and over, definitively convicted for the
committed offences.
Recidivists are persons convicted who committed
again intentionally an offence for which the penal law
provides under certain circumstances the punishment of
liberty privation (prison) longer than a year. In the
category of under aged definitively convicted, persons of
age group 14-17 are included.
In case of persons convicted for several offences,
the most serious offence was registered in judicial
statistics.
Probation judges are also included in the number of
judges.
Direct actions which are found among offences
against person refer to less severe offences (threat,
attack, insult, slander a.s.o.) for which the victims
complaint is addressed to the Judgement Commission,
for reconciliation.

Prin Legea nr. 104/2 Oct. 1992, Comisiile de Judecat

s-au desfiinat, partea vtmat urmnd a se adresa
direct judectoriei competente.
Internare ntr-un centru de reeducare - msur
educativ privativ de libertate ce se poate aplica
minorului care a comis o infraciune, n funcie de
gravitatea acesteia, dac celelalte msuri educative se
vdesc insuficiente. Minorului internat i se asigur
posibilitatea de a dobndi nvtura necesar i o
pregtire profesional potrivit cu aptitudinile sale.
Msura se ia pe timp nedeterminat, ns nu poate dura
dect pn la mplinirea vrstei de 18 ani.
Dup abrogarea din anul 1992 a Decretului
tranzitoriu nr.218/1977, se aplic pentru minori
sanciunile prevzute n Codul Penal Romn. colile
speciale de munc i reeducare s-au transformat n
Centre de reeducare pentru minori.

22.G1

According to the Law no. 104 / Oct. 2,1992,

the Judgement Commissions have been dissolved, so
the victim is to address directly to the competent Court.
Internment in reeducation centers educative
measure privative of liberty that could be applied to the
minor who committed an offence, depending on its
gravity, if the other educative measures are not sufficient.
Interned minor has assured the possibility to acquire
necessary education and vocational training according to
his skills. The measure lasts for an indefinite period, but
cannot exceed the date of reaching 18 years.
After the abrogation in 1992, of the transitory Decree
no. 218/1977, the sanctions stipulated in the Romanian
Penal Code are applied to under age persons. The
special schools of work and rehabilitation have been
changed into centres of rehabilitation for under age
persons.

Persoane condamnate definitiv de instanele judectoreti

Persons definitively convicted by the Courts of Justice
2007

2012

6,8%

5,7%
Brbai
Male

Femei
Female

94,3%

93,2%
2007

10,9%

89,1%

2012

6,2%

93,8%

Minori cu vrst
de 14-17 ani (inclusiv)
Under age persons
of 14-17 years old (including)

Majori
Adults

22.G2

Persoane condamnate definitiv, pe categorii de infraciuni

Persons definitively convicted, by category of offences

2007

16,9%

2012

15,9%

19,7%

22,1%

Infraciuni contra
persoanei
Offences against person
Infraciuni contra
patrimoniului
Offences against patrimony
Infraciuni la regimul circulaiei
pe drumurile publice
Offences to traffic system
on public roads

18,7%
26,1%

Alte categorii de infraciuni

Other category of offences

42,3%

22.G3

38,3%

Infraciuni cercetate i soluionate de poliie

Offences investigated and solved by the Police

2012

2007

20,0%

30,5%

16,4%
Economico - financiare
Economic - financial

36,3%

Judiciare
Judiciary
De alt natur
Others

43,7%

53,1%

22

JUSTIIE
22.1 Numrul de judectori i cel de cauze penale i civile intrate la
instanele judectoreti
22.2 Persoane condamnate definitiv de instanele judectoreti
22.3 Persoane condamnate definitiv, pe tipuri de pedepse
22.4 Persoane condamnate definitiv, pe categorii de infraciuni
22.5 Persoane condamnate definitiv, pe principalele infraciuni i mediile
n care acestea s-au comis
22.6 Persoane condamnate definitiv, aflate n penitenciare i centre de reeducare
(la sfritul anului)
22.7 Persoane condamnate definitiv, aflate n penitenciare, dup durata pedepselor
(la sfritul anului)
22.8 Fenomenul judiciar n materie civil
22.9 Infraciuni cercetate i soluionate de poliie
TERITORIAL

22.10 Persoane condamnate definitiv de instanele judectoreti, n profil teritorial

22.11 Infraciuni cercetate i soluionate de poliie i rata infracionalitii, n profil teritorial

STATISTIC
INTERNAIONAL

INTERNATIONAL
STATISTICS

23

SURSA DATELOR / DATA SOURCE

2013 World Development Indicators online, Internet - http://wdi.worldbank.org;
2012 World Population Data Sheet, Population Reference Bureau, Washington, USA;
2013 World Population Data Sheet, Population Reference Bureau, Washington, USA;
UNSD Demographic Yearbook online - 2011 edition;
World Population Prospects - The 2011 Revision; http://esa.un.org/undp/wpp/index.htm;
Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook, IMF, Washington, 2012;
2010 Energy Statistics Yearbook, Internet - http://unstats.un.org/unsd/energy/yearbook/default.htm;
Eurostat database, http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu;
Electricity Information, International Energy Agency, Paris, 2012;
Sulphur and Sulphuric Acid Statistics 2011, International Fertilizers Industry Association, Paris, 2011;
FAO Statistical Database, Internet - http://faostat.fao.org;
International Financial Statistics, June 2013, Washington;
International Financial Statistics, June 2012, Washington;
International Rubber Study Group, Internet - http://www.rubberstudy.com;
Monthly Bulletin of Statistics online, Internet - http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mbs;
The Free Encyclopedia WIKIPEDIA, Internet - http://www.wikipedia.org;
UNECE Countries in Figures 2013, UNECE, New York and Geneva, 2013;
UNECE online database, Internet - http://www.unece.org;
UNESCO online database, Internet - http://www.uis.unesco.org;
World Mineral Production 2007 - 2011, British Geological Survey, 2013;
UN database, Internet - http://data.un.org;
2013 Human Development Report, UNDP, New York, 2013;
Mineral Commodity Summaries 1997 - 2013, U.S. Geological Survey,
Internet - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs.

Sursele de date reprezint cele mai recent disponible

ediii ale publicaiilor organismelor internaionale sau
ultima actualizare a bazelor de date ale acestora
disponibil pe internet. Datele aferente rilor au fost
preluate ca atare din aceste surse.

The data sources represent the latest available editions

of international bodies publications or the latest update
of their database, accessible via Internet. Statistical data
related to countries were taken over as such from these
sources.

Not: n tabelul 23.2 este prezentat denumirea oficial

a rilor. n celelalte tabele este nscris
denumirea uzitat (tehnic) folosit i de ara
noastr, n conformitate cu denumirile rilor din
anuarele i buletinele organizaiilor internaionale.

Note: Table 23.2 presents the official name of

the countries. The other tables enlist the name
usually used by our country as well, according to
the name of the countries from yearbooks and
bulletins of international organisations.

23.G1

Structura populaiei pe continente

Population structure by continent
2000

2010

0,5%

0,5%

13,2%

11,9%

10,7%
5,0%

5,1%

8,5%

60,8%

8,6%

60,4%

2050 (estimri / estimates)

7,7%

14,8%

Africa
Africa

0,6%

America de Nord
North America

23,6%

America de Sud i America Central

(inclusiv zona Caraibe)
South America and Central America
(including the Caribbean)

4,8%

8,1%

55,2%

Asia
Asia
Europa
Europe
Oceania
Oceania

23
23.1
23.2
23.3
23.4
23.5
23.6
23.7
23.8
23.9
23.10
23.11
23.12

STATISTIC INTERNAIONAL
Populaia pe continente
Suprafaa, populaia la 1 iulie i capitalele rilor i teritoriilor
Romnia n lume, n anul 2011
Romnia i Uniunea European, n anul 2012
Populaia pe ri, la 1 iulie
Micarea natural a populaiei, n anul 2012
Durata medie a vieii, n anul 2012
Populaia ocupat, pe principalele activiti ale economiei naionale, n anul 2011
omerii i rata omajului
Indicii produsului intern brut
Contribuia principalelor activiti la realizarea produsului intern brut, n anul 2011
Structura produsului intern brut, pe elemente componente,
dup metoda cheltuielilor, n anul 2012
REZULTATELE PROGRAMULUI EUROPEAN DE COMPARARE A PRODUSULUI INTERN BRUT (PIB)

23.13 Produsul intern brut, pe locuitor

23.14 Indicii nivelului preurilor i indicii de volum la Puterea de Cumprare Standard (PCS),
pe locuitor (UE - 27 = 100)
23.15 Indicele preurilor de consum
23.16 Indicii produciei industriale
23.17 Producia mondial a unor produse industriale principale
23.18 Producia i consumul de energie primar, pe locuitor, n anul 2010
23.19 Producia principalelor produse industriale
23.20 Indicii lucrrilor de construcii
23.21 Structura suprafeei totale, dup modul de folosin, n anul 2011
23.22 Producia principalelor produse agricole
23.23 Numrul animalelor (la nceputul anului)
23.24 Biodiversitatea
23.25 Lungimea i densitatea liniilor de cale ferat n exploatare, n anul 2010
23.26 Transportul maritim internaional
23.27 Accidente de circulaie
23.28 Comerul internaional al unor ri, n anul 2012
23.29 Ponderea comerului internaional al unor ri, n comerul mondial
23.30 Balana de pli, n anul 2011 (Sold)
23.31 Populaia colar i cheltuielile publice pentru educaie, n 2011/2012
23.32 Personalul din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare i cheltuielile cu
cercetarea-dezvoltarea, n anul 2010
23.33 Accesul la telecomunicaii, n anul 2011
23.34 Utilizatorii de Internet, abonamentele la Internetul fix de band larg,
numrul de calculatoare i gospodriile cu calculatoare
23.35 Rezervele de aur (la sfritul perioadei)
23.36 Rezervele internaionale, exclusiv aurul