Articolul hotrt

Articolul hotrt este the - invariabil att pentru toate cele tei genuri (masculin, feminin
i neutru) ct i pentru numrul singular sau plural.
The se pronun naintea cuvintelor care ncep cu o consoan sau
semivocalele w sau j i i naintea cuvintelor care ncep cu o vocal.

Exemple cu articolul hotrt

the boy bi biatul

the boys biz bieii
the girl g:l fata
the girls g:lz fetele
the elephant i elifnt elefantul
the elephants i elifnts elefanii
the little elephant litl elifnt micul elefant
the hour i au ora
the first hour f:st au prima or
the window window fereastra
the year j: anul
the university ju:niv:siti universitatea

Articolul hotrt se folosete, de regul:

a. dup prepoziii:
in the classroom n clas
on the table pe mas
(n asemenea cazuri n limba romn nu se folosete articolul)

b. cnd substantivul e urmat de prepoziia of

the roof of the house acoperiul casei
the cover of the book coperta crii

c. cu substantive individuale la singular

Un substantiv individual la singular, ca regul general, e nsoit de articolul hotrt sau articolul
nehottrt. La plural, n sens general, substantivele se folosesc fr articol:

the book is on the table cartea este pe mas

a book is a useful friend o carte este o prieten folositoare
 books are useful friends crile sunt prietene folositoare

d. cu numele geografice, afar de numele de ri i orae:

the Danube Dunrea

the Carpathians Carpaii
the Black Sea Marea Neagr
the Grand Canyon Marele Canion
the Pacific Ocean Oceanul Pacific
Romania Romnia
England Anglia
Holland Olanda
Bucharest Bucureti
London Londra

Excepii:

the Union European Uniunea European

the United Kingdom of Great Britain Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii
the United States of America Statele unite ale Americii
the French Republic Republica francez
the Republic of Korea Republica Coreea

e. cnd substantivul este urmat de o prepoziie relativ:

the book (which) I bought yesterday. cartea (care) am cumparat-o ieri

the dictionary (that) you gave me. dicionarul (care) mi l-ai dat

Articolul nehotrt

Articolul nehotrt, invariabil pentru cele trei genuri, este a , naintea cuvintelor care
ncep cu o consoan sau semivocal i an n, naintea acelora care ncep cu o vocal.
 Exemple articolul nehotrt la singular

a boy un biat
a girl o fat
a car o main
a doctor un doctor
an actor un actor
an animal un animal
a big animal un animal mare
an apple un mr
a red apple un mr rou

Pentru plural folosim pronumele nehotrt some.

Exemple cu articolul nehotrt la plural

some boys nite biei

some girls nite fete
some cars nite maini
some doctors nite doctori
some actors nite actori
some animals nite animale
some big animals nite animale mari
some apples nite mere
some red apples nite mere roii

Articolul nehotrt se folosete:

a. cu substantive la singular, cnd ne referim la o singur unitate

a woman o femeie
a book o carte
a child un copil
an astronaut un astronaut
an idea o idee
an eagle un vulture

b. cu substantive la singular avnd funcie de nume predicative

I am a student eu sunt student
you are an engineer tu eti inginer
she is a teacher ea este profesoar

La plural nu se folosete articolul nehotrt.

we are students noi suntem studeni

 they are workers ei sunt muncitori

Articolul zero

Articolul nu se folosete cu:

a. numele anotimpurilor
spring primvar
summer var
autumn toamn
winter iarn

b. numele meselor
breakfast micul dejun
lunch prnz
dinner cina

c. substantivele care definesc materii

water ap
sugar zahr
bread pine

d. substantive proprii denumind persoane, cldiri, strzi, poduri, muni, lacuri, orae,
ri, provincii, continente
Mary Maria
John Ion
Central Park Parcul Central
Oxford Street Strada Oxford
Waterloo Bridge Podul Waterloo
Mount Everest Muntele Everest
Geneva Lake Lacul Geneva
London Londra
Bucharest Bucureti
France Frana
England Anglia
 Europe Europa
Asia Asia

Dar:

the United Kingdom of Great Britain Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii

the United States of America Statele Unite ale Americii
the Union European Uniunea European

e. n diverse expresii
day by day zi de zi
in case of n caz de
by sea pe mare
at sunset la rasrit
to be in trouble a fi n ncurctur
by mistake din greeal
in silence n linite

Genul substantivului

n limba englez sunt patru categorii de gen pentru substantive:

a. masculin
boy biat
man brbat
brother frate
father tat
uncle unchi
b. feminin
girl fat
woman femeie
sister sor
mother mam
aunt mtu
c. neutru
book carte
car main
house cas
snow zpad
computer calculator
d. comun
cousin verior verioar
friend prieten prieten
patient pacient pacient
child copil copil
painter pictor pictori

Contrastul dintre genurile masculin i feminin poate fi exprimat prin:

a. utilizarea unor cuvinte diferite

boy biat girl fat
man brbat woman femeie
husband so wife soie
uncle unchi aunt mtu

b. compunere
schoolboy elev schoolgirls elev
landlord proprietar landlady proprietar
barman barman barmaid brmni
gentleman domn gentlewoman doamn
grandfather bunic grandmother bunic

c. adugarea unui sufix

hero erou heroine eroin
host hangiu hostess hangi
actor actor actress actri
widow vduv widower vduv
prince prin princess prines

Numrul substantivului

Singular i plural pentru substantivele variabile; substantivele invariabile

Pentru substantivele variabile, pluralul se formeaz astfel:

a. adugarea terminaiei -s la forma de singular

dog cine dogs cini
 pencil creion pencils creioane
girl fat girls fete

b. adugarea terminaiei -es la substantivele terminate n: -s, -z, -x, -ch, -sh i a celor terminate
n -o precedat de o consoan
bus autobuz buses autobuze
buzz bzit buzzes bzieli
box cutie boxes cutii
watch ceas watches ceasuri
brush perie brushes perii
hero erou heroes eroi
potato cartof potatoes cartofi
tomato roie tomatoes roii

Excepii:

photo fotografie photos fotografii

c. substantivele terminate n y precedat de o consoan l transform pe y n i i primesc

terminaia -es
city ora cities orae
baby prunc babies prunci
fly musc flies mute

d. substantivele terminate n -f sau n -fe schimb consoana f n v i adaug terminaia -es

wolf lup wolves lupi
leaf frunz leaves frunze
thief ho thieves hoi
shelf raft shelves rafturi
wife soie wives soii
knife cuit knives cuite

Excepii:

roof acoperi roofs acoperiuri

proof dovad proofs dovezi
handkerchief batist handkerchiefs batiste
chief ef chiefs efi
e. plurale neregulate
man brbat men brbai
woman femeie women femei
child copil children copii
ox bou oxen boi
foot picior feet picioare
tooth dinte teeth dini
goose gsc geese gte
louse pduche lice pduchi
mouse oarece mice oareci

f. plurarul substantivelor strine provenind din greac sau latin i care i-au pstrat vechea
form
criterion criteriu criteria criterii
phenomenon fenomen phenomena fenomene
stimulus stimul stimuli stimuli
larva larva larvae larve
stratum strat strata straturi
basis baza bases baze

g. plurarul substantivelor compuse se realizeaz prin

adugarea terminaiei -s la primul element
passer-by trector passers-by trectori
son-in-law ginere sons-in-law gineri
adugarea terminaiei -s la ultimul element
washing machine main de splat washing machines maini de splat
forget-me-not nu-m-uita forget-me-nots nu-m-uitai
amblele elemente preiau form de plural
woman-driver oferi women-drivers oferie

h. substantive care i pstreaz forma att la singular ct i pentru plural

deer cprioar
sheep oaie
fish pete
fruit fruct
Chinese chinez
Portuguese portughez
Swiss elveian
dozen duzin
hundred sut
 thousand mie
means mijloc
series serie
species specie

Substantive invariabile

Plurale precum fishes, fruits desemneaz de fapt diferite specii sau varieti ale acestora:

1. He wrote a book about fishes in the Black Sea. El a scris o carte despre petii din Marea
Neagr

Substantivele invariabile au numai o singur form de singular sau de plural.

Substantive invariabile care se folosesc cu verbul la singular:

a. substantive concrete nenumrabile

money bani
luggage bagaje
furniture mobil
sugar zahr
bread pine
6. The money is in your bank accountBanii sunt n contul tu bancar.
7. Your luggage is so heavyBagajele tale sunt att de grele.
8. This old piece of furniture is very interesting and beautifulAceast pies de mobilier vechi
este foarte interesant i frumoas.
9. I find that meat you sell in this shop is quite expensiveMi se pare c carnea n acest magazin
este destul de scump.
10. There is too little sugar in my coffee, I would like some more, pleaseEste prea puin zahr n
cafea, a dori mai mult, v rog!

b. substantive abstracte nenumrabile

information informaie
advice sfat
knowledge cunotin
music muzic
homework tem
5. Information you just gave me is very important. Informaia pe care mi-ai dat-o este foarte
important.
6. My mothers advice is always so practical and pragmatic. Sfatul mamei mele este ntotdeauna
att de practic i pragmatic.
 7. Music is too loud. Muzica este prea tare.

c. substantive proprii
George George
European Union Uniunea European
The Carpathians Carpaii
3. The Soviet Union was in tensed relationships with UkraineUniunea Sovietic a fost in relatii
tensionate cu Ucraina.

d. substantive care se termin n -s i care denumesc unele boli, tiine, jocuri, etc.
measles pojar
mathematics matematic
physics fizic
optics optic
cards carduri
ninepins popice
6. I know measles is contagious. tiu c rujeola este contagioas
7. Sometimes mathematics is fun. Uneori matematica este distractiv

Pentru a exprima cantitatea substantivelor nenumrabile se pot folosi determinani precum:

piece bucat
item articol
bar baton
slice felie
gramme gram
packet pachet

Exemple:

a glass of water un pahar de ap

a piece of cheese o bucat de brnz
a bar of chocolate un baton de ciocolat
a slice of bread o felie de pine
a gramme of gold un gram de aur
a can of Coke o cutie de Cola

Substantive invariabile care se folosesc cu verbul la plural:

a. diverse articole de mbrcminte: pyjamas, trousers, shorts i/sau diferite unelte/instrumente

1. Your shorts are in the washing machine. Pantalonii scuri sunt n maina de splat.
2. Where are my new scissors? Unde sunt noile mele foarfece?
b. substantive care au neles de plural: surroundings, stairs, wages, contents, wages, savings, etc.
1. Attention, these stairs are covered in ice! Atenie, aceste scri sunt acoperite cu ghea!
2. Your savings are safely placed. Economiile tale sunt plasate n siguran

c. adjective substantivizate: the poor, the rich, goods

1. The rich are charged with new taxes. Cei bogati sunt ncrcai de noi taxe

d. substantive cu neles colectiv: people, infantry, cattle, etc.

1. People in Ukraine are fighting Russians for their independence. Populaia din Ucraina lupt
cu ruii pentru independena lor

e. unele substantive proprii: The Highlands, The Apls

1. Most of the times, The Alps are covered with snow. De cele mai multe ori, Alpii sunt acoperii
cu zpad

f. cnd avem n vedere un articol de mbrcminte sau un instrument putem folosi

determinantul pair: a pair of trousers/shorts/scissors/scales.

g. anumite substantive colective precum: family, team, crew, jury se folosesc cu verbul la
singular atunci cnd sunt le utilizm generic i se folosesc cu verbul la plural atunci cnd se
face referire la fiecare dintre elementele componente ale acestora
1. My family is proud of the results I have achieved in this exam. Familia mea este mndr de
rezultatele pe care le-am obinut la acest examen
2. His family are at home. Familia lui este acasa

Cazul substantivului

n limba englez substantivele nu au terminaii speciale pentru cazuri.

Nominativul i acuzativul
Nominativul i acuzativul sunt identice n limba englez:
 1. The sugar is on that table. Zahrul este pe mas Nominativ
2. She put the sugar on that table. Ea pune zahrul pe mas Acuzativ
3. Mother is the kitchen. Mama este n buctrie Nominativ
4. I see mother in the kitchen. O vd pe mama n buctrie Acuzativ

Dativul
Dativul este indicat cu ajutorul prepoziiei to.

1. Give this apple to Mary, please! D acest mr Mariei, te rog

2. Tell George Im waiting for him in front of the museum in half an hour. Spune lui George ca-l
atept n faa muzeului de o jumtate or.

Genitivul
Genitivul - din punct de vedere al formei are dou forme: genitivul anatitic i genitivul
sintetic.

Genitivul analitic
Genitivul analitic - format cu ajutorul prepoziiei of, i folosit cu substantivele neutre sau
expresii mai lungi n care apar mai multe substantive.

the color of this dress culoarea acestei rochii

the engine of his car motorul mainii sale
the sister of the man sora brbatului

Genitivul sintetic
Genitivul sintetic - format cu ajutorul desinenei - `s se folosete n general pentru:

a. substantive ce denumesc fiine/persoane

Marys bag geanta Mariei
doctors prescription reeta doctorului
his sisters name numele sorei lui

b. substantive ce denumesc uniti de msur a timpului, spaiului, cantitii, valorii

a two months vacation concediu de dou luni
a lifes work munca de o via
a miles drive distan de o mil

c. substantive colective
the firms investment investiia firmei
the governments decision decizia guvernului
d. substantive ce pot fi personificate (nume geografice, vehicule, fenomene ale naturii, etc.)
Englands history istoria Angliei
the ships crew echipajul navei
the days heat cldura zilei

Clasificarea adjectivelor

Exemple cu adjective

a beautiful girl o fat frumoas

a red car. o main roie
two beautiful girls. dou fete frumoase
two red cars. dou maini roii

Clasificarea adjectivelor
Din punct de vedere al formrii cuvintelor, adjectivele pot fi:

a. simple
warm cald
young tnr
big mare
small mic

b. derivate
dark-haired brunet
unhappy nefericit
harmless inofensiv

c. compuse
homesick dornic de cas
well-balanced echilibrat
handmade lucrat manual

Din punct de vedere sintactic, adjectivele pot fi:

a. predicative
alive viu
awake treaz
asleep adormit
 1. When I arrived home, the children were asleep. Cnd am ajuns acas, copiii au adormit.

b. atributive
wooden lemnos
total ntreg
simple simplu

1. I like very much wooden piece of furniture. Imi place foarte mult piesa de lemn al mobilei.

2. He is a simple cook at that corner fast-food. El este un simplu buctar la acel col de fast-
food.

c. att predicative ct i attributive

good bun
tall nalt
black negru

1. This slice of cake is good. Aceast felie de tort este bun

2. This is a good slice of cake. Aceasta este o felie bun de tort

Gradul de comparaie al adjectivelor

Adjectivele au urmtoarele grade de comparaie:

a. pozitiv
smart inteligent
good bun
interesting interesant

b. comparativ
de superioritate
smarter mai inteligent
better mai bun
more interesting (than) mai interesant
de inferioritate
not so smart as nu att de inteligent ca

not so good as nu att de bun ca

not so interesting as nu att de interesant ca
de egalitate
as smart as la fel de inteligent ca
as good as la fel de bun ca
as interesting as la fel de interesant ca

c. superlativ
absolut
very smart foarte inteligent
extremely good foarte bun
very interesting foarte interesant
relativ
the smartest cel mai inteligent
the best cel mai bun
the most interesting cel mai interesant

Aa cum se observ din exemplele de mai sus, adjectivele nu respect aceleai reguli de formare
a gradelor de comparaie. Asfel, distingem dou tipuri de formare a gradelor de comparaie:

a. comparaia sintetic
Comparativul de superioritate: adjectiv + terminaia -er
Superlativul: the + adjectiv + terminaia -est
i se folosete pentru:

adjectivele monosilabice:
sweet dulce - sweeter mai dulce - the sweetest cel mai dulce
tall nalt - taller mai nalt - the tallest cel mai nalt
big mare - bigger mai mare - the biggest cel mai mare
fine fin - finer mai fin - the finest cel mai fin

adjectivele bisilabice care se termin n -y (se transform n -i), -ow, -er

happy fericit - happier mai fericit - the happiest cel mai fericit
narrow ngust - narrower mai ngust - the narrowest cel mai ngust
clever inteligent - cleverer mai inteligent - the cleverest cel mai intelligent

alte adjective bisilabice: quiet, , :

quiet linitit - quieter mai linitit - the quietest cel mai linitit
 common comun - commoner mai comun - the commonest cel mai comun
handsome frumos - handsome mai frumos - the handsomest cel mai frumos

b. comparaia analitic
Comparativul de superioritate: more + adjectiv
Superlativul: the most + adjectiv
i se folosete pentru adjectivele plurisilabice:
interesting - more interesting mai interesant - the most interesting cel mai interesant
beautiful - more beautiful mai frumoas - the most beautiful cel mai frumoas

c. comparaia neregulat
good bun - better mai bun - the best cel mai bun
bad ru - worse mai - the worst cel mai ru

Cazuri speciale la adjective

Adjectivele old, far, late

old - older/elder - the oldest/eldest

IMPORTANT !!! - elder i the eldest sunt folosite numai ca adjective atributive atunci cnd
este vorba de relaii de familie/grade de rudenie: my elder brother; the eldest of his aunts

far - farther/further - the farthest/the furthest

IMPORTANT !!! - further are nelesul de mai mult, suplimentar, adiional - further
information

late - later/latter - the latest/the last

IMPORTANT !!!

latter nseamn al doilea/a doua din doi/dou:

I invited to dinner Mary and Angela: the former is my cousin, and the latter is one of my
best friends.
the latest nseamn cel mai recent:
The latest news regarding presidential elections.
the last nseamn ultimul:
As expected, mother had the last about where to spend our next vacation.
 Particulariti n utilizarea numeralului cardinal
a. ntr-un text scris, de obicei, numeralele cardinale mai scurte apar n litere iar numeralele mai
lungi n cifre:
1. I only invited twelve of my colleagues to the party. Am invitat doar doisprezece dintre colegii
mei la petrecere.
2. Diogenes was a Greek philosopher who lived nearly 2,500 years ago. Diogene a fost un
filozof grec care a trit n urm cu aproape 2500 de ani.
b. numeralele hundred i thousand nu au form de plural, dar sunt folosite la plural cnd
funcioneaz ca substantive sau cnd sunt urmate of:
1. Hundreds were in the street to protest against measures taken. Sute erau n strad pentru a
protesta mpotriva msurilor luate
2. Thousands of people wrote messages. Mii de oameni au scris mesaje.

Million poate lua form de plural cnd este urmat de of sau cnd nu mai urmeaz nici un alt
numeral:

3. There are almost three millions of inhabitants in Bucharest. Sunt aproape trei milioane de
locuitori n Bucureti.
4. The painting was sold for two millions. Pictura a fost vndut pentru dou milioane.
c. cnd zecile sunt folosite la plural se refer la anii de via sau la un deceniu:
1. I like the music of the eighties (1980 - 1989). mi place muzica anilor optzeci (1980 - 1989)
2. The success of his career was in thirties (30 - 39). Succesul carierei sale a fost n anii 30 (30 -
39)

Numeralul ordinal
Numeralul ordinal - arat ordinea unui lucru, unei persoane, a unei/unor aciuni, etc.

Exemple cu numeralul ordinal

1st the first primul
2nd the second al doilea
3th the third al treilea
4th the fourth al patrulea
5th the fifth al cincelea
6th the sixth al aelea
8th the eighth al optulea
9th the nineth al nouolea
10th the tenth al zecelea
11th the eleventh al unsprezecelea
12th the twelfth al doisprezecelea
13th the thirteenth al treisprezecelea
14th the fourteenth al paisprezecelea
15th the fifteenth al cinsprezecelea
16th the sixteenth al aisprezecelea
 18th the eighteenth al optsprecelea
19th the nineteenth al nousprezecelea
20th the twentyth al douzecelea
21st the twenty-first al douzecilea si unu
22nd the twenty-second al douzecilea i doi
23rd the twenty-third al douzecilea i trei
30th the thirtieth al treizecilea
40th the fortieth al patruspretzecelea
50th the fiftieth al cinsprezecelea
70th the seventieth al aptezecelea
80th the eightieth al optzecelea
90th the ninetieth al nouzecelea
100th the (one) hundredth al sutelea
108th the one hundred and eighth al sutelea i opt
759th the six hundred and thirty-fifth al apte sutelea cincizeci i nou
1,000th the (one) thousandth al miilea
3,458th the three thousand, four hundred and fifty-eighth al trei miilea patru sute cincizeci i
opt
1,000,000th the (one) millionth al milionulea

Propoziii cu numeralul ordinal

1. My apartment is on the third floor. Apartamentul meu este la etajul al treilea
2. Craiova is the fifth largest city in Romania. Craiova este al cincilea oras ca marime din
Romnia
3. Pope John Paul II (the second) placed high value on peace and ecumenical
dialogue. Papa Ioan Paul al II-lea (al doilea) a pus valoare asupra pcii i a dialogului
ecumenic
4. The First World War started in 1914. Primul rzboi mondial a nceput n 1914.
5. I found my favorite book in the fourth stand. Am gsit cartea mea preferat n al patrulea
stand

Aa cum se observ din tabelul de mai sus, numeralele ordinale se formeaz prin adugrea
articolului hotrt the i a terminaiei - th la formele numeralelor cardinale.

Excepii n cazul numeralului ordinal

1st the first primul
2nd the second al doilea
3rd the third al treilea

Ortografii modificate

5th the fifth al cincelea

9th the ninth al noulea
 12th the twelfth al doisprezecelea

y precedat de o consoan se transform n ie

20th the twentieth (twenty - twentieth) al douzecilea

30th the thirtieth (thirty - thirtieth) al treizecilea

Ortografii simplificate

8th the eighth (primete doar un h) al optulea

Exprimarea datelor calendaristice

Pentru exprimarea datelor se folosete numai numeralul ordinal precedat de prepoziia on

1. Shakespeare was born on 23rd April, 1564. Shakespeare s-a nscut pe 23 Aprilie 1564

n exprimarea oral care indic anii se mpart grupe de cte dou

1146 eleven forty-six unsprezece patruzeci i ase

1564 fifteen sixty-four cincisprezece aizeci i patru
1914 nineteen fourteen nousprezece paisprezece
1989 nineteen eighty-nine nousprezece optzeci i nou

Numeralul fracional
Numeralul fracional - indic una sau mai multe pri ale unui ntreg. Astfel, ele pot fi:

a. fracii comune
1/2 a/one half o jumtate
1/4 a/one fourth (quarter) un sfert
2/3 two thirds dou treimi
3/5 three fifths trei cincimi
5/6 five sixths cinci esimi
3/7 three sevenths trei eptimi
b. fracii zecimale
32.78 thirty-two point seventy-eight treizeci i doi punct aptezeci i opt
0.01 (nought) point nought one zero punct zero unu

Exemple cu numeralul fracional

1. Ive waited in line for half an hour to buy my train ticket. Am ateptat timp de o jumtate
de or pentru a cumpra biletul de tren.
2. You have to take a fourth of this pill every six hours. Trebuie s iei un sfert din pastil[ la
fiecare ase ore
 3. There are nought point nought one chances for this test to be wrong. Nimic nu indic
ansele s nimiceasc aceast ncercare de a fi greit.

Numeralul multiplicativ
Numeralul multiplicativ arat proporia cu care o cantitate sau o aciune crete.

Exemple cu numeralul multiplicativ

1 x single, once singur, o dat
2 x twice, double/twofold de dou ori, dublu / dubl
3 x three times, triple/threefold de trei ori, triplu / tripl
4 x four times, fourfold de patru ori
10 x ten times, tenfold de zece ori, nzecit
100 x a hundred times, a hundredfold o sut de ori, nsutit

Propoziii cu numeralul multiplicativ

1. Ive sang this song only once or twice. Am cntat acest cntec doar o dat sau de dou ori
2. Ive told you a hundred times not to open my door without knocking first. i-am spus de
o sut de ori s nu deschizi ua mea fr s bai mai nti
3. The pope wears a triple crown. Papa poart o coroan tripl
4. We can give a fourfold classification of these materials. Putem da o clasificare de patru ori
a acestor materiale

Pronumele relativ
Forme ale pronumelui relativ

a. who care se folosete pentru persoane

Nominativ - WHO
Acuzativ - WHOM
Genitiv - WHOSE
Dativ - WHOM
5. This is the boy who gave me flowers. Acesta este biatul care mi-a dat flori. (N.)
6. The girl whom you met yesterday is Anna. Fata pe care ai ntlnit-o ieri este Anna. (Ac.)
7. We provided constant support to the family whose children are sick. Noi oferim suport
constant familiei ale cror copii sunt bolnavi. (G.)
8. Give this book to whom you consider will need them. D aceast carte cruia considerai c
are nevoie de ea. (D.)
b. which care, ce se folosete pentru obiecte, animale, noiuni abstracte, etc.
0. The red car which you see across the street is mine. Maina roie pe care o vezi peste drum
este a mea.
1. The beautiful Persian cat which just ran under the sofa is a gift from Michael. Frumoasa
pisic persan care tocmai a fugit sub canapea este un dar de la Michael.
 2. The idea which came from John is brilliant. Ideea care a venit de la John este genial.
c. that care, ce se folosete frecvent dup superlative, numerale ordinale i dup
cuvintele all, (the) only, the same, the very, etc. That mai poate fi folosit i ca nlocuitor al
lui who i/sau which.
0. This is the best cake that I ate so far. Acesta este cel mai bun tort pe care l-am mncat pn
acum.
1. Gina is the first person that noticed Im not feeling well. Gina este prima persoan care a
observat c nu m simt bine.
2. Dont believe all that they say about George. Nu cred tot ce se spune despre George.
3. Kathy is the only person that knows where my folders are. Kathy este singura persoan care
tie unde sunt dosarele mele.
4. This is the same dog that entered our garden yesterday and ravished all the flowers. Acesta
este acelai cine care a intrat n grdina noastr de ieri i a devastat toate florile.
5. You are person that I want to talk to. Suntei persoana cu care vreau s vorbesc.

Pronumele relative who, which, that se omit n propoziiile atributive (n special n limba
vorbit) cnd se gsesc n cazul acuzativ.

1. I finally saw the movie (that) you told me. Am vzut n cele din urm filmul (care) mi-ai
spus
2. The girl (whom) you just met is my little sister. Feta (pe care) tocmai ai cunoscut-o este
sora mea mai mic

Forme ale pronumelui interogativ

a. who? cine? este fi folosit numai pentru persoane
1. Who is there? George. Cine este acolo? George.
2. Who won the race? Cine a ctigat cursa?
3. Who was driving the car? Cine a condus maina?
4. Who told you? Cine i-a spus?
b. what? care? pe care? ce? este folosit pentru animale i lucruri
1. What is this? My book. Ce este aceasta? Cartea mea.
2. What are you doing? Ce faci?
3. What is your friends name? Care este numele prietenului tu?
4. What is colour of his t-shirt? Care este culoarea tricoului lui?
c. which? (pe) care dintre? este folosit pentru persoane, animale i lucruri
1. Which is the taller? Care este cel mai nalt?
2. Which boy toke my book? Care biat mi-a luat cartea?
3. Which one is your sister? Care din ele este sora ta?
4. Which came first? Care a venit primul?
d. whose? a cui? al cui? ale cui? ai cui? este folosit pentru persoane
1. Whose are these books? Ale cui sunt aceste cri?
2. Whose bike is there? A cui este bicicleta de acolo?
3. Whose phone is that? Al cui telefon este?
4. Whose mother works as teacher? A cui mama lucreaz ca profesor?
 Expresii idiomatice
1. Tell me whos who? Spune-mi cine este fiecare / cine-i de fa?
2. I dont know which is which. Nu tiu cine este fiecare. / Nu-i pot deosebi
3. He/she knows whats what. El/ea le tie pe toate
4. What then? / What of that? Ei i? / i ce-i cu asta?
5. What about it? i ce-i cu asta?
6. What about you? Dar tu (ce mai faci)?
7. What about a movie? Ce zici ce un film?
8. Peggys suitcase was full of clothes, cosmetics, shoes, accessories and what not. Valiza lui
Peggy este plin cu mbrcminte, produse cosmetice, nclminte, accesorii i cte i mai
cte

Pronumele nehotrt
Pronumele nehotrt ine locul unor substantive fr a da informaii foarte precise despre acestea.

Forma pronume nehotrt

cuvinte compuse cu some
someone cineva
somebody cineva
something ceva
cuvinte compuse cu any
anyone oricine
anybody oricine
anything orice, ceva
cuvinte compuse cu no
none nici unul, nici una
no one nimeni
nobody nimeni
nothing nimic
cuvinte compuse cu every
everyone fiecare, toti, toata lumea
everybody fiecare, toti, toata lumea
everything tot, toate lucrurile

much mult, mult
many muli, multe
more mai mult, mai mult, mai muli, mai multe, si altii
most cel mai mult, cea mai mult, cei mai muli, cele mai multe

some, someone, somebody, something

a. some este folosit:

 a. pentru a nlocui substantive numrabile la plural
1. I dont have any clean cups, so, please, go and wash some. Nu am cesti curate, aa c,
te rog, du-te i se spal cteva.
b. pentru a nlocui un substantiv nenumrabil de mas
(sugar zahr, coffee cafea, tea ceai, flour fin, etc.)
1. Would you like some tea? Dorii nite ceai?
2. I could do with some. A putea face ceva.
c. pentru a sugera contrastul
1. What about your new classmates? Some are nice, some are rude. Ce-i cu noii colegi?
Unii sunt drgui, alii sunt nepoliticoi.
d. n cadrul ntrebrilor, dac ntrebarea este o rugminte sau o invitaie, iar obiectu
rugminii.invitaiei este cunoscut de interlocutor
1. Nick is making some coffee. Would you like some? Nick face o cafea. Vrei i tu ?
b. somebody i someone nlocuiesc substantive care denumesc persoane
Au neles de singular astfel c se folosec cu verbul la singular. Lipsa genului neutru pentru
pronumele la persoana a III-a singular poate duce la nlocuirea acestora cu they atunci cnd avem
de-a face cu ntrebri retorice.
1. There was somebody with you in the park. Era cineva cu tine n parc.
2. Someone has stolen Claudias earrings. Cineva a furat cercei Claudiei.
3. Somebody went to buy the drinks. Cineva a mers s cumpere buturi.

Somebody este adesea folosit cnd se face referire la o persoan "de o anumit importan".

4. Now that she won the contest, she thinks she is somebody. Acum, c ea a ctigat concursul,
ea crede c este cineva.
c. something nu are conotaie personal i nlocuiete substantive ce denumesc lucruri, obiecte,
evenimente sau chiar noiuni abstracte.
0. Nina wants something to clean her boots. Nina vrea ceva pentru a cura cizmele ei.
1. I would like something to eat. A dori ceva de mncare.
2. I heard something about Nora. Am auzit ceva despre Nora.

Cu toate acestea, something poate avea conotaie personal atunci cnd se face referire la o
persoan important, sau o persoan care ocup o anumit poziie, sau altele de genul acesta.

3. Patricia is something at the French Embassy in Bucharest. Patricia este ceva la Ambasada
Franei n Bucureti.
4. I didnt think John can do that, he is really something. Nu am crezut c John poate face acest
lucru, el este ntr-adevr ceva.

any, anyone, anybody, anything

Pronumele nehotrte compuse cu any (anyone, anybody, anything) au acelai neles ca i cele
compuse cu some dar contextul n care se folosesc este diferit. Pronumele nehotrte compuse
cu any se folosesc n propoziii negative i interogative, propoziii condiionale i n orice
propoziii care implic ndoiala sau negaia.
a. any se folosete de obicei n corelaie cu adjectivul nehotrt some n urmtorele situaii:
pentru a nlocui substantive numrabile la plural
1. I went to buy some carrots as I didnt have any. M-am dus s cumpr nite morcovi ca nu
am avut niciunul. - propoziie negativ
pentru a nlocui substantive nenumrabile ce denumesc materii
1. I need some money. Do you have any? Am nevoie de nite bani. Ai ceva? - propoziie
interogativ
2. I would like some coffee if you have any. A dori nite cafea, dac avei. - propoziie
condiional
atunci cnd se face referire la persoane
1. Some said they had seen everything, but I think it was too dark for any to see everything
what happened. Unii au spus c au vazut tot, dar cred c a fost prea ntuneric pentru ca cineva
s vad tot ce sa ntmplat. - propoziie care implic ndoiala
b. anybody i anyone sunt similare din punct de vedere semnatic i funcional
cu somebody i someone cu aceeai pecizare c le folosim n propoziii negative, interogative,
condiionale sau n cele care implic o negaie sau ndoial.
1. Was there anybody in my room? A fost cineva n camera mea?
2. There isnt anyone here to help me with this exercise. Nu e nimeni aici s m ajute cu acest
exerciiu.
3. If anybody comes, tell them Im not at home. Dac vine cineva, spune-le c nu sunt acas.
4. I doubt anyone here can beat him at backgammon. M ndoiesc c cineva de aici poate sa-l
bat la table.
c. anything are nelesul de "orice, orice fel de lucru"
0. Has anything important happened since last time we met? S-a ntmplat ceva important de
cnd ne-am ntlnit ultima dat.
1. Please, just say something, anything will do. Te rog, spune ceva, orice s fac.

None, no one, nobody, nothing

Pronumele hehotrte none, nobody, no one, nothing se folosesc n propoziii negative n care
verbul este la forma afirmativ.

a. none poate nlocui att substantive numrabile ct i nenumrabile indiferent dac face
referire la obiecte, lucruri sau persoane
1. How many books did you buy? None. Cte cri ai cumprat? Nici una.
2. Of all his colleagues, none was there to help him. Dintre toi colegii si, nici unul nu a fost
acolo s-l ajute.
b. nobody i no one fac referire la persoane i atunci cnd joac rolul de subiect se folosesc cu
verbul la singular
1. Nobody knows what Ive been through. Nimeni nu tie ce am trecut.
2. No one has told me what happened. Nimeni nu mi-a spus ce sa ntmplat.
c. nothing se folosete pentru lucruri, obiecte, noiuni abstracte
1. I know nothing about Jim and Helen. Nu tiu nimic despre Helen.
2. Nothing is missing. Nimic nu lipsete.
3. There is nothing on the table. Nu este nimic pe mas.
Everyone, everybody, everything
everyone, everybody, everything au funcii i conotaii similare cu celelate pronume nehotrte compuse
cu one, body, thing.
Everyone i everybody se folosesc atunci cnd se face referire la persoane iar everything pentru a nlocui
lucruri, obiecte, etc.

1. Im feeling so good as I know everybody at the party. M simt att de bine ca i cum a cunoaste
toat lumea la petrecere.
2. In small towns like this, everyone knows everyone. n oraele mici ca acesta, toat lumea tie pe
toat lumea.
3. I need this bag to be big, as put everything you can find. Am nevoie ca aceast geant s fie mare,
ca pot pune ce se poate gsi.
4. Everything is all right.

Much, many, more, most

much, many, more, most pot funciona i ca pronume atunci cnd in locul unor substantive.

1. We have much time to think. Avem mult timp s ne gndim.

2. Many were happy to hear you are expecting a baby. Muli s-au bucurat s aud c atepti un copil.
3. These are most of my belongings. Acestea sunt cele mai multe dintre lucrurile mele.

Animals Animale
antelopeantilop
batliliac
bearurs
beavercastor
boarvier
buffalobivol
bulltaur
calfviel
camelcmil
catpisic
cheetahghepard
chimpanzeecimpanzeu
cowvac
deercerb
dogcine
donkeymgar
dromedarydromader
elephantelefant
elkelan
foalmnz
 foxvulpe
gazellegazel
giraffegiraf
goatcapr
gorillagoril
hippopotamushipopotam
horsecal
hyenahien
kangaroocangur
leopardleopard
lionleu
monkeymaimu
mouseoarece
ottervidr
oxbou
pigporc
rabbitiepure
ratobolan
sealfoc
sheepoaie
squirrelveveri
tigertigru
wolflup
zebrazebr

Sea water Animale de apa

whalebalen
dolphindelfin
sealfoc
jellyfishmeduz
ottervidr
walrusmors
lobsterhomar
crabcrab
octopuscaracati
shrimpcrevet
musselmidie
clamscoica de ru
scallopscoic
oysterstridie
snailmelc
starfishstea de mare
squidcalmar
Pets Animale de casa
catpisic
kittenpisoi
dogcine
puppycelu
guinea pigporc de guinea
tropical fishpete tropical
guinea pigporc de guinea
hamsterhamster
rabbitiepure

Farm animal Animale de ferm

calfviel
chickpui
cockcoco
cowvac
donkeymgar
duckra
ducklingrusc
eweoaie
foalmnz
goatcapr
goosegsc
hengin
horsecal
lambmiel
mareiap
mulecatr
oxbou
pigporc
rabbitiepure
ramberbec
sheepoaie
sowscroaf
turkeycurcan

Wild animals Animale slbatice

antelopeantilop
bearurs
beavercastor
buffalobivol
 camelcmil
chimpanzeecimpazeu
deercerb
doecprioar
dolphindelfin
elephantelefant
fallow deercprior
foxvulpe
gazellegazel
giraffegiraf
hareiepure de cmp
hedgehogarici
hippopotamushipopotam
kangaroocangur
leopardleopard
lionleu
lionessleoaic
molecrti
monkeymaimu
mousemaimu
octopuscaracati
mouseoarece
ratobolan
sealfoc
sharkrechin
squirrelveveri
stagcerb
tigertigru
tortoiseestoas
whalebalen
wild boarmistre
wolflup
zebrazebr

Insects Insecte
antfurnic
beealbin
bumblebeebondar
caterpillarfluture
centipedemiriapod
cicadagreier
cockroachgndac de buctarie
fleapurice
flymusc
gnatnar
 grasshopperlcust
hornetbarzaun
ladybirdbuburuz
millipedemiriapod
mosquitonar
spiderpaianjen
waspviespe
wormvierme

Birds Pasari
blackbirdmierl
canarycanar
crowcioar
cuckoocuc
doveporumbel
eaglevultur
falconoim
flamingoflamingo
kingfisherpescru albastru
larkciocrlie
magpiecoofan
nightingaleprivighetoare
ostrichstru
owlbufni
parakeetpapagal
parrotpapagal
partridgepotrniche
peacockpun
penguinpinguin
pheasantfazan
pigeonporumbel
ravencorb
robinmceleandru
seagullpescru
sparrowvrabie
starlinggraur
storkbarz
swallowrndunic
swanlebd
titpiigoi
vulturevultur hoitar

Fishes Peti
 troutpstrv
bassbas
salmonsomon
sharkrechin
flounderpltic
eelipar
sea horsecal de mare
swordfishpete-spad

Reptiles Reptile
crocodilecrocodil
alligatoraligator
lizardoprl
snakearpe
rattlesnakearpe cu clopeei
adderviper
grass snakenprc
cobracobr
boaboa
frogbroasc
toadbroasc rioas

Trees Arbori
apple treemr
ash treefrasin
beech treefag
birchmesteacan
bushtufi
cactuscactus
cedarcedru
clovertrifoi
coconut treecocos
creepercrtoare
cypresschiparos
elmulm
fir treebrad
ivyieder
lemon treelmi
maplearar
oakstejar
olive treemslin
orange treeportocal
palm treepalmier
 pinepin
plane treeplatan
poplarplop
vineyardvie
walnut treenuc
willowsalcie

Flowers Flori
cactuscactus
carnationgaroaf
daffodilnarcis
dahliadalie
daisymargaret
fernferig
gardeniagardenie
geraniumgeranium
gladiolagladiol
hortensiahortensia
hyacinthzambil
lilacliliac
magnoliamagnolie
marigoldglbenele
orchidorhidee
pansypanselue
petuniapetunie
pinkgaroaf
poppymac
rosetrandafir
sunflowerfloarea-soarelui
tuliplalea
violetviolet
wallflowermicunea galben
water lilycrin de ap
white lilycrin alb

Garden Grdin
bushtufi
fencegard
flowerbedrzor de flori
flowerfloare
gatepoart
grassiarb
hammockhamac
 hedgegard viu
lawnpeluz
pathpotec
pondiaz
rose bushtuf de trandafiri
shedmagazie
shrubarbust
weedsburuieni

Hardware Hardware
CD-ROM driveunitate CD-ROM
DVD driveunitate DVD
diskettedischeta
displayecran
floppy disk driveunitate de floppy disc
floppy diskunitate disc
hard dischard disc
keytast
keyboardtastatur
laptopcalculator portabil
mainboardplac de baz
memory stickstick de memorie
memorymemorie
microphonemicrofon
monitormonitor
mousemouse
personal computercalculator personal
printerimprimant
processorprocesor
scannerscaner
screenecran
sound cardplac de sunet
speakerbox
webcamcamer web

Software Software
browsernavigator web
cursorcursor
directorydirector
documentdocument
email addressadres email
filefiier
folderfolder
 fontfont
iconicon
linklegtur
menubarbara de meniu
passwordparol
search enginemotor de cutare
spreadsheetfoaie de calcul
tabletabel
toolbarbar de instrumente
usernameutilizator
webpagepagin web
websitesite web
windowfereastr
word processoreditor text

Household Apparatus Aparate de interior

computercalculator
cooking stovearagaz
frigefrigider
gas-ringaragaz
hooveraspirator
ironfier de clcat
radiatorcalorifer, radiator
radio setaparat radio
refrigeratorfrigider
telephonetelefon
television settelevizor
typewritermain de scris
TV settelevizor
vacuum cleaneraspirator
washing machinemain de splat

The House Cas

apartamentapartament
balconybalcon
bathroomcamer de baie
bedroomdormitor
block of flatsbloc de locuine
ceilingtavan
dining roomsufragerie
dooru
drawing-roomsalon
elevatorlift
 flatapartament
floorpodea
kitchenbuctrie
landingpalier
lardercmar
librarybibliotec
liftlift
living-roomcamer de zi
loomber roomdebara
nurserycamer pentru copii
pantycmar
passageculoar
sitting roomsalon
stairsscri
studycamer de lucru
terraceteras
wallperete
windowfereastr

Furnitures Mobiliere
armchairfotoliu
bedpat
bedside tablenoptier
book-shelvesetajer de cri
bookcasebibliotec
bookstandetajer de cri
capboarddulap
carpetcovor
chairscaun
china cupboardvitrin
cradleleagn de copil
cribpat de copil
curtainperdea
deskbirou
lamplamp
mirroroglind
picturetablou
reading lamplamp de citit
rugrug
shelfraft
sideboardbufet
sofacanapea
tablemas
toilet tablemas de toalet
vasevaz
 wardrobedulap de haine

Diseases Boli
aguefriguri
anemiaanemie
appendicitisapendicit
asthmaastm
atherosclerosisasteroscleroz
bronchitisbronit
cancercancer
chicken-poxvaricel
choleraholer
cirrhosisciroz
coldrceal
colitiscolit
consumptiontuberculoz
diabetesdiabet
diphtheriadifterie
encephalitisencefalit
flugrip
gastritisgastrit
headachedurere de cap
laryngitislaringit
leprosylepr
leukemialeucemie
lumbagolumbago
malariamalarie
measlespojar
meningitismeningit
mumpsoreion
nephritisnefrit
palsyparalizie
paralysisparalizie
pharyngitisfaringit
plaguecium
pneumoniapneumonie
poxsifilix
rabiesturbare
rheumatismreumatism
scarlet feverscarlatin
schizophreniaschizofrenie
sciaticasciatic
smallpoxvariol
sore throatdurere de gt
stomachachedurere de stomac
 tetanustetanox
tonsillitisamigdalit
toothachedurere de dini
tuberculosistuberculoz
ulcerulcer
whooping coughtuse convulsiv

Human body Corpul omenesc

abdomenabdomen
ankleglezn
armbra
backspate
beardbarb
bellyburt
boneos
bowelintestin
bustbust
calfgamb
chestpiept
chinbrbie
earureche
elbowcot
eyebrowsprncean
eyelashesgene
eyelidpleoap
eyeochi
facefa
footpicior
fingerdeget
fistpumn
fleshcarne
forearmantebra
foreheadfrunte
hairpr
handmn
headcap
heartinim
heelclci
intestineintestin
jawmaxilar
kidneyrinichi
kneegenunchi
knuckledeget
legpicior
limbmembru
 lipbuz
liverficat
lungplmn
moustachemusta
mouthgur
musclemuschi
nailunghie
navelburic
nipplesfrc
organsorgane
palmpalm
pancreaspancreas
pelvispelvis
ribcoast
shoulderumr
skeletonschelet
skinpiele
skullcraniu
soletalp
spinecoloana vertebral
toothdinte
templetmpl
thighcoaps
thoraxtorace
throatgt
toedegetel de la picior
tonguelimb
toothdinte
trunktrunchi
vaginavagin
veinven
wristncheietur mn

Dentist Dentist
anaestheticanestezie
back teethdinii din spate
bridge dentalaparat dentar
crowncoroan
decaycarie
dental assistantasistent de stomatologie
dental flossa dentar
dental surgeonplac dentar
dental surgerycabinet dentar
dentureprotez dentar
drillburghiu
 extractionextracie
fillingplomb
front teethdinii din fa
gumgingie
inflamationinflamaie
nervenerv
patientpacient
plaquetartru
toothdinte
toothachedurere de dini
toothbrushperiu de dini
toothpastepast de dini
toothpickscobitoare
wisdom toothmsea de dinte

Infirmities Infirmiti
armlessciung de o mn
blindorb
crippleinfirm
deaf and dumbsurdo-mut
dwarfishpitic
handicappedhandicapat
humpbackcocoat
hunchbackciung de ambele mini
invalidinvalid
lamechiop
leglessolog de ambele picioare
one-leggedolog de un picior
short-sightedmiop

Military ranks Grade militare

NCOofier
admiralamiral
army officerofier
cadetcadet
captaincpitan
colonelcolonel
commandercomandant
corporalcaporal
first lieutenantlocotenent
generalgeneral
lieutenant-colonellocotenent colonel
lieutenantsublocotenent
 majormaior
marshalmareal
privatesoldat
sergeantsergent
soldiersoldat

Musical Instruments Instrumente muzicale

accordionacordeon
bagpipecimpoi
bass drumtob mare
bowarcu
clarinetclarinet
double basscontrabas
drumtob
fluteflaut
guitarchitar
harpharp
horncorn
oboeoboi
organorg
panpipenai
pianopian
saxophonesaxofon
trombonetrombon
trumpettrompet
tubatuba
violinvioar
violoncellovioloncel

Minerals Minerale
antimonyantimoniu
arsenicarsenic
bitumenbitum
brassaram
bronzebronz
charcoalcrbune
cinnabarcinabru
clayargil
coppercupru
copper sulphatesulfat de cupru
goldaur
ironfier
iron oreminereu de fier
 leadplumb
marblemarmur
mercurymercur
minemin
orpimentorpiment
rock oiliei
shaleist
silverargint
steatitesteatit
steeloel
sulphursulf
tincositor
vermilioncinabru
white-leadceruz

The metric systems Sistem metric

centrimetrecentrimetru
cubic centrimetrecentrimetru cub
cubic metremetru cub
gramgram
kilogramkilogram
kilometrekilometru
litrelitru
metremetru
milligrammiligram
millimetremilimetru
square metremetru ptrat
tonton

Education Educaie
elementary schoolcoal elementar
computer scienceinformatic
pencil sharpenerascuitoare
boarding schoolcoal internat
high schoolliceu
private classesmeditaie
chalkboardtabl
bookcarte
classclas
classmatecoleg
classroomclas
coursecurs
deskbanc
 librarybibliotec
chalkcret
backpackrucsac
crayoncreion
globeglob
lockerdulap
maphart
markermarcator
notebookcaiet
penstilou
pencilcreion
posterafi
staplercapsator
tapeband
diplomadiplom
examexamen
facultyfacultate
homeworktem
kindergartengrdini
professorprofesor
quiztest
scholarshipburs
semestersemestru
studentelev
teacherprofesor
subjectsubiect
testtestare

Sciences tiine
algebraalgebr
anatomyanatomie
archaeologyarheologie
arithmeticaritmetic
astronomyastronomie
biologybiologie
botanybotanic
chemistrychimie
cyberneticscibernetic
ethicsetic
geneticsgenetic
geographygeografie
geologygeologie
geometrygeometrie
logiclogic
mathematicsmatematic
 medicinemedicin
pedagogypedagogie
philosophyfilozofie
phoneticsfonetic
physicsfizic
psychologypsihologie
sociologysociologie
trigonometrytrigonometrie
zoologyzoologie

Geografy Geografie
baygolf
brookpru
canyoncanion
channelcanal
cliffstnc
coastcoasta
crevicecrptur
desertdeert
dunesdune
forestpdure
glacierghear
gorgechei
grovecrng
gulfgolf
hilldeal
icebergiceberg
islandinsul
lagoonlagun
lakelac
marshbalta
meadowlunc
mountainmunte
oceanocean
pathcale
peakvrf
peninsulapeninsul
plateauplatou
pondiaz
precipiceprpastie
ravineprpastie
reefrecif
reservoirlac
riverru
seamare
 shorerm
springizvor
straitstrmtoare
streamflux
swampmlatin
tributaryafluent
valleyvale
volcanovulcan
waterfallcascad
woodlemn

Planets Planete
JupiterJupiter
MarsMarte
MercuryMercur
NeptuneNeptun
PlutoPluto
SaturnSaturn
VenusVenus
the earthPmnt
the moonluna
the sunsoarele

Country State
State din Asia
Afghanistan Afganistan
China China
Egypt Egipt
India India
Indonesia Indonezia
Iran Iran
Iraq Irak
Israel Israel
Japan Japonia
Korea Coreea
Lebanon Liban
Malaysia Malaezia
Nepal Nepal
Pakistan Pakistan
Palestine Palestina
Philipines Philipines
Saudi Arabia Arabia Saudit
 Singapore Singapore
Syria Siria
Thailand Thailanda
Vietnam Vietnam

State din America

Argentina Argentina
Bolivia Bolivia
Brazil Brazilia
Canada Canada
Chile Chile
Colombia Columbia
Costa Rica Costa Rica
Cuba Cuba
Dominican Republic Republica Dominican
Ecuador Ecuador
Guatemala Guatemala
Haiti Haiti
Hawaii Hawaii
Honduras Honduras
Jamaica Jamaica
Panama Panama
Paraguay Paraguay
Peru Peru
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico
Mexico Mexic
United States Statele Unite ale Americii
Uruguay Uruguay
Venezuela Venezuela

State din Europa

Austria Austria
Belgium Belgia
Bulgaria Bulgaria
Czech Republic Republica Ceh
Denmark Danemarca
England Anglia
Finland Finlanda
France Frana
Germany Germania
Greece Grecia
Ireland Irlanda
Italy Italia
 Spain Spania
Sweden Suedia
Malta Malta
Netherlands Olanda
Nicaragua Nicaragua
Nigeria Nigeria
Norway Norvegia
Poland Polonia
Portugal Portugalia
Rumania Romnia
Russia Rusia
Scotland Scoia
Switzerland Elveia
Turkey Turcia
Ukraine Ucraina
United Kingdom Marea Britanie
Yugoslavia Iugoslavia
Wales ara Galilor

State din Africa

Morocco Maroc
Tunisia Tunisia

Australia Australia
Greenland Groenlanda
New Zealand Noua Zeeland
Tahiti Tahiti

Univers Univers
alienextraterestru
asteroidasteroid
atmosphereatmosfer
cosmoscosmos
eastest
eclipseeclipsa
galaxygalaxie
globeglob
gravitygravitaie
meteormeteor
meteoritemeteorit
northnord
orbitorbit
outer spacespaiul cosmic
 planetplanet
shooting starstea cztoare
solar systemsistemul solar
southsud
spacespaiu
starstele
Satellitesatelit
The EarthPmntul
The Milky WayCalea Lactee
The moonluna
The sunsoarele
UFOOZN
telescopetelescop
universeunivers
westvest

Weather Vreme
blizzardviscol
breezebriza
chillyrcoare
clearsenin
cloudlesssenin
cloudynoros
coldrece
dampumed
degreesgrade
dewrou
downpourploaie torenial
drizzleburni
droughtsecet
dryuscat
floodinundaie
fogcea
foggyceos
freezingngheat
frostger
galefurtun
hailgrindin
hailstonespiatr
hailstormfurtun cu grindin
hotcald
humidumed
hurricaneuragan
iceghea
lightningfulger
 mistcea
overcastnnorat
rainploaie
rainbowcurcubeu
rainingplou
rainyploios
showeravers
skycer
sleetlapovi
snowzpad
snowingninsoare
stormfurtun
stormyfurtunoas
sunnynsorit
thundertunet
thunderstormfurtun
tornadotornad
warmcald
wetumed
windvnt

Drinks Buturi
alebere englezeasca
beerbere
brandyconiac
champagneampanie
cherry brandyviinat
coca colacoca cola
cocktailcocktail
coffeecafea
cognacconiac
gingin
juicesuc
lemon squashlimonad
lemon teaceai cu lmaie
lemonadecitronada
liqueurlichior
mineral waterap mineral
orange squashoranjad
pepsi colapepsi cola
red winevin rou
rumrom
sodawater-sifon
teaceai
tomato juicesuc de roii
 tonic waterap tonic
vermouthvermut
waterap
whiskywhisky
white winevin alb
winevin

Meat Carne
muttonoaie
venisoncprioar
turkeycurcan
goosegsc
lambmiel
poultrypasre
fishpete
porkporc
chickenpui
duckra
beefvac
vealviel
gamevnat

Cereals Cereale
corngrne
wheatgru
milletmei
barleyorz
oatsovz
maizeporumb
ryesecar

Spices Condimente
bayleavesfoi de dafin
chivearpagic
caperscapere
cardamomcardamom
carawaychimen
clovecuioare
horseradishhrean
marjorammghiran
mustardmutar
 nutmegnucoar
paprikaboia
pepperpiper
saltsare
sugarzahr
tarragontarhon
vanillavanilie
vinegaroet

Fruits Fructe
applemr
peachpiersic
pearpar
quincegutuie
grapesstruguri
apricotcais
cherryviine
plumprun
blackberrymure
mulberrydud
strawberrycpun
raspberryzmeur
grapefruitgref
lemonlmie
orangeportocal
tangerinemandarin
chestnutscastane
coconutscocos
walnutsnuc
datecurmal
figsmochin
hazelnutsalune
peanutsarahide
avocadoavocado
bananabanan
mangomango
melonpepene
pineappleananas
pomegranaterodie
watermelonlubeni
limelmie verde

Vegetables Legume
 Brussels sproutsvarz de Bruxelles
asparagussparanghel
beansfasole
beetsfecl
bell pepperardei gras
broccolibroccoli
cabbagevarz
carrotmorcov
cauliflowerconopid
celeryelin
chilliardei iute
cucumbercastravete
eggplantvinete
garlicusturoi
green onionceap
leekpraz
lentilslinte
lettucesalat verde
mushroomsciuperci
onionceap
parsleyptrunjel
peasmazre
pepperpiper
potatocartofi
pumpkindovleac
spinachspanac
squashdovleac
string beansfasole verde
sweet cornporumb dulce
sweet potatocartof dulce
tomatoroie

Dairy Products Produse lactate

Dutch cheesebrnz de Olanda
cottage cheesebrnz de vac
cheesecacaval
whipped creamfric
yoghurtiaurt
milklapte
sour milklapte acru
creamsmntn
butterunt

Herbs Verdeuri
 basilbusuioc
cinnamonscorioar
dillmrar
gingerghimbir
mintment
parsleyptrunjel
rosemaryrozmarin
oreganooregano

jobs Meserii
accountantcontabil
actoractor
actressactri
announcercrainic
archaeologistarheolog
architectarhitect
artistartist
astrologerastrolog
astronautastronaut
astronomerastronom
athleteatlet
attorneyavocat
auctioneerlicitator
auditorauditor
authorautor
baby-sitterbon
bakerbrutar
bank tellercasier banc
bankerbancher
barmanbarman
beauticiancosmetician
biologistbiolog
blacksmithfierar
bookkeepercontabil
bricklayerzidar
brokerbroker
builderconstructor
bullfightertoreador
bus driverofer autobuz
businessmanom de afaceri
butchermcelar
butlervalet
cameramancameraman
carpenterdulgher
cartoonistcaricaturist
 cashiercasier
chefbuctar-ef
chemistchimist
clerkfuncionar
coachantrenor
college professorprofesor universitar
composercompozitor
computer programmerprogramator de calculator
conductordirijor
consultantconsultant
cookbuctar
counselorconsilier
cowboycowboy
craftsmanmeteugar
dancerdansator
decoratordecorator
dentistdentist
designerproiectant
detectivedetectiv
doctordoctor
dressmakercroitoreas
driverofer
economisteconomist
electricianelectrician
employeeangajat
engineeringiner
farmeragricultor
firemanpompier
fishermanpescar
fishmongervnztor de pete
flight attendantinsotitor de zbor
floristflorar
gardenergrdinar
greengrocerzarzavagiu
grocerbcan
hairdressercoafor
historianistoric
house painterzugrav
housekeepermenajera
housewifecasnic
huntervntor
instructorinstructor
insurance agentagent de asigurri
interpreterinterpret
janitorportar
jewellerbijutier
 journalistjurnalist
judgejudector
lawyeravocat
lifeguardsalvamar
locksmithlctu
magicianmagician
maidservitoare
mailmanpota
managerdirector
manicuristmanichiurist
manufacturerproductor
masseurmasor
masseusemaseuz
mathematicianmatematician
mechanicmecanic
milkmanlptar
minerminer
modelmodel
musicianmuzician
nunclugri
nurseasistent medical
ophthalmologistoftalmolog
opticianoptician
oratororator
paediatricianpediatru
painterpictor
peasantran
pharmacistfarmacist
philosopherfilozof
photographerfotograf
physicianmedic
physicistfizician
pianistpianist
pilotpilot
plumberinstalator
poetpoet
police officerofier de poliie
policemanpoliist
politicianpolitician
postmanpota
presenterprezentator
presidentpreedinte
priestpreot
printertipograf
programmerprogramator
psychiatristpsihiatru
 psychologistpsiholog
psychoterapistpsychoterapist
publishereditor
receptionistrecepioner
reporterreporter
researchercercettor
sailormarinar
salesclerksalesclerk
salesmanagent de vnzri
saleswomanvnztoare
scientistom de tiin
sculptorsculptor
seamstresscroitoreas
secret agentagent secret
secretarysecretar
security guardagent de paz
servantservitor
shepherdcioban
shoemakercizmar
shopkeepernegustor
singercntre
soccer playerjucator de fotbal
social workerasistent social
soldiersoldat
sportsmansportiv
state agentagent de stat
stationerpapetrie
statisticianstatistician
stenographerstenograf
stewardessstewardes
stockbrockerstockbrocker
studentelev
supervisorsupraveghetor
surgeonchirurg
tailorcroitor
tax inspectorinspector fiscal
taxi driverofer de taxi
teacherprofesor
techniciantehnician
tourist guideghid turistic
translatortraductor
travel agentagent de turism
truck driverofer camion
typistdactilograf
veterinarianmedic veterinar
waiterchelner
 waitresschelneri
watchmakerceasornicar
weldersudor
workermuncitor
writerscriitor

Religion Religie
altaraltar
apostleapostol
archbishoparhiepiscop
atheismateism
baptismbotez
biblebiblie
bishopepiscop
cardinalcardinal
cathedralcatedral
cemeterycimitir
chapelcapel
charitycaritate
choircor
churchbiseric
clergycler
confessionmrturisire
conventmnstire
cultcult
deacondiacon
demondemon
disciplediscipol
faithcredin
GodDumnezeu
gospelevanghelie
heavencer
helliad
massliturghie
miraclemiracol
monasterymnstire
monkclugr
mosquemoschee
nunclugri
paradiseparadis
pastorpastor
pilgrimpelerin
popepap
prayerrugciune
priestpreot
 processionprocesiune
prophetprofet
psalmpsalm
purgatorypurgatoriu
rabbirabin
sacrilegesacrilegiu
saintsfnt
sermonpredic
shrinealtar
sinpcat
sinnerpctos
soulsuflet
synagoguesinagog
templetemplu
temptationispit
vicarvicar
worshipcult
The Holy SpiritDuhul Sfnt

Sports Sporturi
Athletics atletism
Baseball baseball
Basketball baschet
bob-sleighing bob
boxing box
cricket crichet
fencing scrim
football fotbal
golf golf
handball handbal
hiking drumeie
ice hockey hochei
lawn tennis tenis de cmp
mountaineering alpinism
ping-pong tenis de mas
polo polo
riding clrie
rowing canotaj
rugby rugbi
rugger rugbi
skating patinaj
skiing schi
sledging sanie
soccer fotbal
swimming not
 table tennis tenis de mas
target shootingtir
volleyballvolei
wrestlinglupte liber

Vehicles Vehicule
airplane = avion
bike = biciclet
boat = ambarcaiune
boat = barc
bus = autobuz
car = main
caravan = rulot
coach = autocar
convertible = decapotabil
ferryboat = feribot
helicopter = elicopter
lorry = camion
moped = motoret
motor-cycle = motociclet
pram = crucior pentru copil
scooter = scuter
scooter = trotinet
sedan = limuzin
ship = vapor
space ship = nav spaial
train = tren
tram = tramvai
trolleybus = troleibus
underground = metro
van = furgonet
wagon = cru
wheelbarrow = roab
yacht = iaht