Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Inginerie , Nr.
4/2012
CALCULUL FORTELOR DE
TRACTIUNE DIN BANDA
TRANSPORTOARE A UNUI
TRANSPORTOR CU BANDA
Ctlina Iani, Universitatea
Constantin Brncui, Tg-Jiu
210135, Romania
REZUMAT: Nevoia crescanda de a se
obtine benzi de transport care sa satisfaca
lungimi si debite tot mai ridicate, in acelasi
timp cu o durata si fiabilitate cat mai mare
in exploatare, a condus la efectuarea unor
ample cercetari in domeniu, ceea ce a
determinat aparitia unor familii intregi de
benzi cu structuri constructive, dimensiuni si
clase de rezistenta din cele mai diverse.
CUVINTE CHEIE: banda transportoare,
rezistenta specifica, forta de tractiune
1. INTRODUCERE
Calculele de dimensionare a benzii
transportoare precum si a altor elemente
ale transportorului impun cunoasterea
modului in care fortele de tractiune din
banda (tensiunile din aceasta) variaza pe
lungimea transportorului. In toate situatiile
de functionare a transportorului trebuie
asigurata antrenarea benzii fara aparitia
fenomenului de patinare a acesteia precum
si limitarea sagetii benzii (dintre seturile
de role) [1,3,4]. Tensiunile din banda
transportoare se vor studia pentru
tronsonul care urca (plin) si pentru cel care
coboara (gol). Se mentioneaza ca
rezistenta specifica la miscare w a benzii,
pe ramura plina, se compune din
rezistentele care apar datorate: deformarii
curentului de material, datorita rotirii
rolelor in lagare, datorita presarii stratului
Annals of the Constantin Brncui University of Trgu Jiu, Engineering Series, Issue 4/2012
236
CALCULATION OF THE
TRACTION FORCES IN THE
BELT OF A CONVEYOR BELT
Ctlina Iani, Constantin
Brncui University of Tg-Jiu
210135, Romania
ABSTRACT: Increasing need to obtain
conveyor belts that meet lengths and rising
debts, while a larger duration and
reliability in operation, led to conducting
extensive research in the field, which
resulted in the emergence of whole family
strip with constructive structure, size and
strength class of the most diverse.
KEY WORDS: conveyor belt, specific
resistance, traction force.
1. INTRODUCTION
Dimensioning calculations conveyor belt
and other conveyor components require
knowledge of how belt traction forces
(tensions thereof) varies along the length of
the conveyor. In all cases the operation of
the conveyor belt must be provided without
engaging the slip phenomenon and limiting
its displacement belt (between sets of
rollers) [1,3,4]. The tensions from the
conveyor belt will be study for the climb
(full) section and for the descends (empty)
section. It mentions that w specific
resistance to motion of the belt on full
branch, consisting of resistances due:
current material deformation, rotation
rollers camps because pressing rubber layer
Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Inginerie , Nr. 4/2012
de cauciuc al benzii de catre rola si
datorita incovoierilor benzilor. Intrucat
rezistentele datorate deformarii curentului
de material si al incovoierilor benzii
reprezinta un procent mare din rezistenta
specifica totala la miscare w, rezulta ca
aceasta scade o data cu micsorarea sagetii
benzii intre role, respectiv cu cresterea
efortului din banda. Aceasta explica faptul
ca w scade o data cu cresterea lungimii
transportorului (mai ales cand si
intinderea initiala a acestuia este mare),
precum si cu cresterea inclinarii
transportorului. Pentru acest motiv, in
cazul transportoarelor stationare cu
lungime mare, mai ales cand lucreaza si pe
inclinare, se recomanda a se adopta valori
minine pentru w (la inclinari mari poate
avea valoarea 0,02 - 0,025), iar in cazul
transportoarelor cu lungime mica ce
lucreaza pe orizontala, valori maxime [4].
2. CALCULUL FORTELOR
MINIME DE TRACTIUNE DIN
BANDA TRANSPORTOARE
Aceste forte sunt variabile pe traseele de
transport ale benzii, valoarea lor locala
fiind in functie de: configuratia traseului
de transport al benzii, amplasarea si
numarul tamburelor de actionare,
caracteristicile sistemelor de actionare si
franare, amplasarea si tipul dispozitivelor
de intindere a benzii transportoare,
regimul de functionare al transportorului
(stationar, de pornire sau franare, blocat),
modul de incarcare (complet incarcat,
complet neincarcat, incarcat doar pe unele
tronsoane) [1].
Avand in vedere tensiunile din banda
precum si eforturile din alte elemente ale
transportorului fortele de tractiune din
Annals of the Constantin Brncui University of Trgu Jiu, Engineering Series, Issue 4/2012
237
and roll belt and belt bending. Since
current material strength due to
deformation and bending belt represents a
large percentage of total specific resistance
to motion w, it follows that it decreases
with decreasing displacement belt between
rollers and increase with the effort in belt,
respectively. This explains that w decreases
with increasing length of conveyor
(especially when its initial stretch is great),
and with increasing conveyor tilt too. For
this reason, the stationary conveyors with
great length, especially when working at
inclination, it is recommended to adopt
trace values for w (the higher slopes can
have a value of 0.02 to 0.025), and if it is a
small length conveyors working
horizontally, maximum values [4].
2. CALCULATION OF THE
MINIMUM TRACTION FORCE
FROM THE CONVEYOR BELT
These forces are variables of the tape
transport routes, its local value is based on:
configuration of the tape transport path,
location and number of drums drive, drive
and braking systems characteristics,
location and type of conveyor belt
stretching devices, operating conditions of
the transporter (stationary power or brake
lock), charging mode (fully loaded, fully
unloaded, loaded only on some sections)
[1].
Given belt tensions and efforts of other
elements and organs of the conveyor belt
traction forces must be very small, but
Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Inginerie , Nr. 4/2012

banda trebuie sa fie deosebit de reduse, dar
suficient de mari, astfel incat sa asigure
transmiterea fortei periferice de la
tamburul de antrenare la banda
transportoare fara aparitia fenomenului
periculos de patinare si limitarea la minim
a sagetii facute de banda intre doua seturi
consecutive de role [3].
large enough so as to ensure the
transmission of the drum peripheral force
driving the conveyor belt without evidence
dangerous phenomenon of slip and
minimum displacement limiting made by
the belt between two consecutive sets of
rolls [3].

2.1 Transmiterea fortei periferice de la 2.1 Sending the peripheral force from
tamburul de antrenare la banda the drum driving to the belt

Asa cum se vede si in figura 1 de mai jos,
forta periferica simbolizata cu F se
transmite de la tamburul de antrenare la
banda, daca tensiunile din ramurile benzii
care trec peste tambur satisfac urmatoarele
conditii [1] :
As we see in figure 1 below, the peripheral
force symbolized by F is transmitted from
the drive drum to the belt if tensions from
belt branches crossing the drum satisfy the
following conditions [1]:

Fig 1. Tamburul de antrenare a benzii [5]

Fig 1. Drum drive belt [5]
T a - T d = F u [N] (1)

T a T d e [N] (2)

de unde rezulta relatiile: hence the relations:

T d = C d F u [N] (3)
T a = (1+C d ) F u [N] (4)
in care: where:

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Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Inginerie , Nr. 4/2012
T d [N] - tensiunea din ramura benzii care
se desfasoara de pe tambur;
T a [N] - tensiunea din ramura benzii care
se infasoara pe tambur;
F u [N] - forta periferica de antrenare la
tambur;
e - baza logaritmilor naturali;
- coeficientul de frecare dintre banda si
tambur, = 0,3.
- unghiul de infasurare a benzii pe
tambur,
C d - factorul de infasurare ce se determina
cu relatia:
1
Cd =
e 1
Deci, C d = 0,497.
Forta F = a(qb + qGj + CRjqRj)lj = 2,566x
x(14,7+251,424+20,81) 6 = 4115,955 [N]
Efectuand calculele se obtin urmatoarele
valori pentru forte:
T d = 2045,629 [N],
T a = 6162,675 [N]
Se observa ca se respecta conditia (2) impusa
mai sus si anume:
T a T d e [N]
Din calcule, se observa ca valoarea maxima
a fortei periferice la tamburul de antrenare
are loc la pornirea sau franarea benzii
transportoare complet incarcate.
2.2 Limitarea sagetii relative h rel facute
de banda transportoare
Tensiunea minima din banda notata cu
T h ,min , necesara pentru limitarea sagetii
Annals of the Constantin Brncui University of Trgu Jiu, Engineering Series, Issue 4/2012
239
T d [N] - tension from belt branch that
runs from the drum;
T a [N] - tension from belt branch that
wraps on the drum;
F u [N] - peripheral force driving the
drum;
e - base of natural logarithms;
- coefficient of friction between the tape
and drum, = 0,3.
- angle band winding drum;
C d - winding factor which is determined
by the relationship:
(5)
So, C d = 0,497.
The force F = a(qb + qGj + CRjqRj)lj =
2,566x x(14,7+251,424+20,81) 6 =
4115,955 [N]
Performing calculations we obtain the
following values for the forces:
Note that is respected the condition (2)
imposed above, namely:
From calculations, it is observed that the
maximum peripheral force driving drum
occurs when turning or braking fully
loaded belt.
2.2 The h rel displacement limitation
made by the belt
The minimum tension from the belt
Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Inginerie , Nr. 4/2012

benzii intre doua seturi consecutive de role, denoted T h ,min , necessary to limit
se determina pentru fiecare ramura a benzii
deflection strip between two consecutive
in modul urmator:
- tensiunea minima pentru ramura purtatoare sets of rolls, is determined for each branch
a benzii se determina cu relatia [1,4]: of the band in the following way:
- minimum tension for the carrying branch
is determined by the relation: [1,4]:
l pP (q B qG ) g
ThP,min [N] (6)
8hrel
ThP,min 29370,109 [N]

- tensiunea minima pentru ramura de - minimum tension for the turning branch
intoarcere se determina cu relatia : is determined by the relation:
l pI q B g
ThI ,min [N] (7)
8hrel
ThI ,min 4326,210 [N]
in care: where:
ThP [N] - tensiunea din ramura purtatoare a ThP [N] - tension from carrying branch;
benzii; ThI [N] - tension from turning branch;
ThI [N] - tensiunea din ramura de l pP [m] - step roller bearing supporting the
intoarcere a benzii; branch;
l pP [m] - pasul rolelor de sustinere de pe
l pI [m] - step roll up from the branch back
ramura purtatoare;
support;
l pI [m] - pasul rolelor de sustinere de pe
qB [kg/m] - belt mass per meter;
ramura de intoarcere; qG [kg/m] - mass of material transported
qB [kg/m] - masa benzii pe metru liniar;
qG [kg/m] - masa materialului transportat per meter;
pe metru liniar; g [m/s2] - gravitational acceleration..
g [m/s2] - acceleratia gravitationala. Displacement limitation made of belt
Limitarea sagetii facuta de banda symbolized by h rel is determined by the
simbolizata cu h rel se determina cu relatia: relationship:
h
hrel [m] (8)
lP
0,025
hrel = 0,027 [m]
0,9
in care: where:
h [m] - sageata maxima admisa intre doua h [m] - maximum permissible
seturi consecutive de role, displacement between two consecutive sets
lp [m] - pasul rolelor de sustinere. of rolls,
lp [m] - roll up support step.

Annals of the Constantin Brncui University of Trgu Jiu, Engineering Series, Issue 4/2012

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Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Inginerie , Nr. 4/2012
3. CONCLUZII
Din cele aratate mai sus se observa ca
dimensionarea benzii transportoare precum
si a altor elemente ale transportorului impun
cunoasterea modului in care fortele de
tractiune din banda (tensiunile din aceasta)
variaza pe lungimea transportorului. De
asemenea, se poate vedea, din valorile
fortelor calculate la punctul 2 si 3, ca
rezistenta la rotire a rolelor in lagare scade o
data cu cresterea sarcinii pe rola, de unde
rezulta ca valorile adoptate pentru rezistenta
specifica la miscare w pot fi ceva mai mari
pe ramura goala decat pe cea plina.
Cunoscand cum se calculeaza rezistentele la
miscare a benzii, se pot stabili eforturile ce
apar in banda prin metoda pe puncte luate pe
contur, incepand cu punctul de desfasurare
de pe tamburul motor si terminand cu
punctul de infasurare pe acesta. Aceste
rezistente de miscare calculate pentru
ramura plina si pentru ramura goala sunt
necesare a se determina tocmai pentru
calculul puterii instalate a transportorului cu
banda adica, pentru dimensionarea
energetica a acestuia.
BIBLIOGRAFIE
[1]Armaselu V. (1984). Imbinarea,
vulcanizarea si repararea benzilor de
transport. Editura Tehnica, Bucuresti.
[2]Buzdugan Gh. (1986). Rezistenta
materialelor. Editura Academiei,
Bucureti.
[3]Fodor D. (1995). Exploatarea
zacamintelor de minerale si roci utile
prin lucrari la zi. Editura Tehnica,
Bucuresti.
[4]Marian I. (1984). Utilaje de incarcare si
transport minier. Editura Didactica si
Pedagogica, Bucuresti.
[5]www.scritube.com/tehnica-
mecanica/transportor-cu-banda.
Accesat in 10.10.2012.
Annals of the Constantin Brncui University of Trgu Jiu, Engineering Series, Issue 4/2012
241
3. CONCLUSIONS
From the foregoing it is seen that sizing
conveyor belt and other conveyor
components require knowledge of how
belt traction forces (tensions thereof)
varies along the length of the conveyor.
Also, you can see, from the values of
forces calculated in section 2 and 3, the
resistance to rotation of the roller bearings
decreases with increasing load on the roll,
hence the values adopted for specific
resistance to movement w can be more
larger on the empty branch than on the
full. Knowing how to calculate resistances
to motion of the belt, you can fix that
occur belt efforts through the points
made on the contour method, starting
point of the drum motor development
and ending point of winding it. These
movement resistances calculated for
empty and full branches are needed to
precisely determine the installed power of
the conveyor belt, meaning the energetic
dimensioning of it.
REFERENCES
[1]Armaselu V. (1984). Bonding,
vulcanizing and repair conveyor belts.
Technical Publishing House, Bucarest.
[2]Buzdugan Gh. (1986) Strength of
Materials. Academy Publishing House,
Bucharest
[3]Fodor D. (1995). Exploiting of minerals
and rocks through the work day. Technical
Publishing House, Bucarest.
[4]Marian I. (1984). Mining loading and
transport equipment. Didactic and
Pedagogic Publishing House, Bucarest.
[5]www.scritube.com/tehnica-
mecanica/transportor-cu-banda. Accesed in
10.10.2012..