Manual Studiu Individual Sem I Csie Id

Monica CONDRUZ-BĂCESCU
Viorela-Valentina DIMA
Denise DONA
Virginia Mihaela DUMITRESCU
Elana TĂLMĂCIAN
Irina Ioana BOCIANU
BUSINESS ENGLISH
PRACTICE AND PROGRESS
- Manual de studiu individual –
Copyright 2020 Editura Universitara
Toate drepturile asupra editiei apartin

Editurii Universitara
Nicio parte din acest volum nu poate fi reprodusa fara acordul

Editurii Universitara
CUPRINS
INTRODUCERE...................................................................................................................... 5
ENGLEZĂ SI COMUNICARE DE SPECIALITATE I

Unitatea de învăţare 1
Offshore business ..................................................................................................................... 8
1.1. Introducere ...................................................................................................................... 8

1.2. Obiectivele şi competenţele unităţii de învăţare ............................................................. 9
1.3. Conţinutul unităţii de învăţare ........................................................................................ 9
1.3.1. Exerciţii de gramatică în context de specialitate ................................................... 10
1.3.3. Editarea unor documente specifice domeniului economic .................................... 15
1.4. Îndrumar pentru autoverificare ..................................................................................... 15
Future and Information Technology ..................................................................................... 2
2.1. Introducere ...................................................................................................................... 2

2.2. Obiectivele şi competenţele unităţii de învăţare ............................................................. 3
2.3. Conţinutul unităţii de învăţare ........................................................................................ 3
2.3.1.Vocabular specific .................................................................................................... 3
2.3.2. IT si viitorul tehnologiei ......................................................................................... 4
2.3.3. Collocations, expressing possibility and impossibility ............................................ 5
2.4. Îndrumar pentru autoverificare ....................................................................................... 5
Legal Bytes ............................................................................................................................. 12
3.1. Introducere .................................................................................................................... 12

3.2. Obiectivele şi competenţele unităţii de învăţare ........................................................... 12
3.3. Conţinutul unităţii de învăţare ...................................................................................... 13
3.3.1 Vocabular specific .................................................................................................. 13
Fair deal and foul play ........................................................................................................... 23
4.1. Introducere .................................................................................................................... 23
4.3.1 Vocabular specific ................................................................................................. 25
4.3.2 Grammar: modal verbs ............................................................................................
Going global (Part I) .............................................................................................................. 32
5.1. Introducere .................................................................................................................... 32
5.3.1 Word formation ...................................................................................................... 34
5.3.2 Review of tenses .................................................................................................... 34
TEST ...................................................................................................................................... 56
RASPUNSURI ........................................................................................................................ 57
Bibliografie ............................................................................................................................. 79
INTRODUCERE
Disciplina Limba Engleza si Comunicare de Specialitate I este cuprinsă în planul de învăţământ

în cadrul disciplinelor cu caracter teoretico-aplicativ ca urmare a importanţei limbii engleză atât în
domeniul economic, cât şi în alte domenii (social, politic, medical etc.) Chiar daca există tendinţe de
popularizare a multilingvismul şi la nivel european, totuşi limba engleză rămâne instrumentul de bază
utilizat pentru o comunicare eficientă în domeniul economic.
Una dintre competentele care sunt cautate în continuare de angajatori este cea legata de
cunoaşterea limbilor straine. Majoritatea locurilor de muncă oferite în prezent de angajatori cer
cunoaşterea limbii engleze.
Având în vedere numărul tot mai mare de angajatori străini, cunoştinţele dobândite ca urmare
a predării acestei discipline sunt absolut necesare în exercitarea profesiei de economist.
Obiectivele cursului
Cursul îşi propune să prezinte studenţilor o serie de aspecte teoretice şi practice privind
comunicarea în limba engleză precum şi familiarizarea cu terminologia domeniului economic. Tematica
bogată acoperită de această disciplină facilitează dobândirea de abilităţi lingvistice in domeniul
economic.
Competenţe conferite
După parcurgerea acestui curs, studentul va dobândi următoarele competențe generale și

specifice:
1. Cunoaştere şi înţelegere (cunoaşterea şi utilizarea adecvată a noţiunilor specifice disciplinei)
 identificarea de termeni, precum şi familiarizarea cu aceştia în context economic;
 utilizarea corectă a termenilor de specialitate din domeniul economic.
2. Explicare şi interpretare (explicarea şi interpretarea unor idei, proiecte, procese, precum şi
a conţinuturilor teoretice şi practice ale disciplinei)
 generalizarea şi particularizarea anumitor concepte caracteristice contextului economic naţional, dar
şi celui internaţional;
 argumentarea unor enunţuri ;
 identificarea, prin citire rapidă, de informaţii / detalii specifice dintr-un text mai lung, în
vederea rezolvării unei sarcini de lucru;
 corelarea, în mod coerent, a mai multor informaţii din diverse părţi ale unui text/ din texte
diferite, pentru a rezolva o sarcină de lucru.
3. Instrumental-aplicative (proiectarea, conducerea şi evaluarea activităţilor practice
specifice; utilizarea unor metode, tehnici şi instrumente de investigare şi de aplicare)
 capacitatea de a transpune în practică cunoştinţele dobândite în cadrul cursului;
 capacitatea de a se exprima fluent în diferite contexte (atât în scris, cât mai ales oral)
relevante pentru domeniul economic.
4. Atitudinale (manifestarea unei atitudini pozitive şi responsabile faţă de domeniul ştiinţific /

cultivarea unui mediu ştiinţific centrat pe valori şi relaţii democratice / promovarea unui sistem de
valori culturale, morale şi civice / valorificarea optimă şi creativă a propriului potenţial în activităţile
ştiinţifice / implicarea în dezvoltarea instituţională şi în promovarea inovaţiilor ştiinţifice / angajarea
în relaţii de parteneriat cu alte persoane / instituţii cu responsabilităţi similare / participarea la propria
dezvoltare profesională )
 reacţia pozitivă la sugestii, cerinţe, sarcini didactice,
 implicarea în activităţi ştiinţifice în legătură cu disciplina Limba Engleză si Comunicare de
Afaceri I;
Resurse şi mijloace de lucru
Cursul dispune de manual scris, supus studiului individual al studenţilor, precum şi de material
publicat pe Internet sub formă de sinteze, teste de autoevaluare, aplicaţii, necesare întregirii
cunoştinţelor practice şi teoretice în domeniul studiat. Folosirea echipamentelor audio-vizuale, precum
şi a unor strategii educaţionale moderne care încurajează participarea activă a studenţilor ajută la
eficientizarea însuşirii noţiunilor predate şi abilităţilor dobândite. Activităţi tutoriale se pot desfăşura
după următorul plan tematic, conform programului fiecărei grupe:
1. Specific Vocabulary
2. Business Writing
3. Business Grammar
Structura cursului
Cursul este compus din 12 unităţi de învăţare:
Unitatea de învăţare 1 Offshore businesss

Unitatea de învăţare 2 Future and information technology
Unitatea de învăţare 3 Absolute banking
Unitatea de învăţare 4 Legal bytes
Unitatea de învăţare 5 Fair deal and foul play
Unitatea de învăţare 6 Going global (Part I and II)
Unitatea de învăţare 7 Economics roundup
Unitatea de învăţare 8 In and out of jobs
Unitatea de învăţare 9 To manage or to lead?
Unitatea de învăţare 10 Of markets and marketers
Unitatea de învăţare 11 Presentations – types of presentations
Unitatea de învăţare 12 Presentations – difficulties
Unitatea de învăţare 13 Review on Vocabulary and Grammar
Unitatea de învăţare 14 Final Examination
Teme de control (TC)
Desfăşurarea temelor de control se va derula conform calendarului disciplinei şi acestea vor avea
următoarele subiecte:
1. Rezolvarea unor exercitii pe diferite teme de interes profesional . (AT/ 2 ore)
2. Redactarea diferitor documente de corespondenţă de afaceri (AT/ 2 ore)
Bibliografie obligatorie:
1. M. Codruz-Bacescu, V.V. Dima, D. Dona, V.M. Dumitrescu, E. Talmacian, I. I. Bocianu,

Business English Practice and Progress, Editura Universitar, Bucureşti, 2020
2. M. Codruz-Bacescu, V.V. Dima, D. Dona, V.M. Dumitrescu, E. Talmacian, I.I. Bocianu, Ahead
in Business English, Editura Universitara, Bucureşti, 2020
Metoda de evaluare:
Examenul final se susţine sub formă orala, pe bază de prezentari, ţinându-se cont de participarea
la activităţile tutoriale şi rezultatul la temele de control ale studentului.
ENGLEZĂ SI COMUNICARE DE SPECIALITATE I
Offshore business
1.1. Introducere
1.2. Obiectivele şi competenţele unităţii de învăţare – timp alocat (2 ore)
1.3. Conţinutul unităţii de învăţare
1.3.1. Exerciţii de vocabular în context de specialitate
1.3.2. Adjectives ending in –ING or - ED
1.3.2. Editarea unor documente specifice domeniului economic
1.4. Îndrumător pentru autoverificare
1.1. Introducere
Termenul „companie offshore” sau „corporație offshore” este

folosit în cel puțin două moduri distincte și diferite. O companie
offshore poate fi o referință la o societate comercială sau orice tip de
persoană juridică care este creată în conformitate cu legislația unei țări
diferite decât cea în care este sau al cărei beneficiar are reședința într-o
altă țară decât cea în care compania offshore are sediul legal. De
asemenea termenul offshore se referă la o companie sau un grup
corporatist care se ocupă de offshoring, adică relocarea unor afaceri
dintr-o țară în alta – de obicei, un proces operațional, cum ar fi
producția sau contabilitatea. Scandalurile financiare izbucnite la nivel
mondial, în care sunt implicați unii dintre cei mai bogați și influenți
oameni de pe planetă, așa cum este Paradise Papers, fac referire la
prima categorie de offshore-uri. Un offshore este un loc în afara
reglementărilor fiscale ale propriei țări în care companiile sau
persoanele fizice pot redirecționa bani, active sau profituri pentru a
profita de impozite mai mici și scutiri de taxe. Aceste „societăţi
internaţionale de afaceri” („international business corporation” sau
IBC) nu exercită nicio activitate economică reală pe teritoriul țării în
care sunt înregistrate , ele fiind simple cochilii pentru activități
desfășurate în alte colțuri ale lumii.
(https://www.libertatea.ro/stiri/ce-sunt-offshore-urile-2029810)
1.2. Obiectivele şi competenţele unităţii de învăţare
Obiectivele unităţii de învăţare:
- să se familiarizere cu conceptul offshore, nearshore,

nearshoring, outshore, outsourcing, reshoring;
- să înţeleagă importanţa campaniilor de tip offshore;
- să se familiarizeze cu terminologia specifică afacerilor;
- să-şi îmbunătăţească abilităţile de prezentare orala.
Competenţele unităţii de învăţare:
– studenţii vor putea să definească termeni precum offshore,

offshoring, offshoring vs outsourcing; tax collocations;
– studenţii vor putea să folosească în enunţuri proprii
terminologia însuşită;
– studenţii vor putea să înţeleagă diferenta intre offshoring si
outsourcing.
Timpul alocat unităţii de învățare:
Pentru unitatea de învătare Offshore Business, timpul alocat este

de 2 ore.
1.3.1. READING – ATTRACTIVE OFFSHORING

DESTINATIONS
Form pairs and read the texts below as follows: one student
reads Text A and answers the questions below it, the other student
reads Texts B and C and answers the questions below them.
TEXT A: Offshoring Opportunities Amid Economic

Turbulence
The current global services landscape is marked by antagonistic

trends. On the one hand, firms are responding to intensifying cost-
cutting imperatives by moving operations offshore. On the other
hand, politicians are using global services offshoring as an easy
scapegoat for current economic woes and high unemployment levels
in their home countries, feeding resentment against globalized firms
and their foreign host countries. Although signs of a slowdown in the
growth of global services are evident in this environment, don't
expect offshoring to end. In fact, the global services industry's full
potential is ready to be tapped.
The latest A.T. Kearney Global Services Location Index™ shows

that the world of services offshoring has changed dramatically since
the first report published by the same global management consulting
firm in 2003. What was then an emerging phenomenon that seemed
to have great potential is now a natural element of corporate services
supply chains. The industry has grown significantly and in many
cases exceeded expectations from the early days. The part of the
value chain that can be performed offshore has increased in value-
add and complexity as we continue to see new types of services being
handled remotely and across borders. At the same time, the
geography of offshore delivery has expanded to include a large
number of countries specializing in different parts of the service-
production ecosystem.
(Adapted from www.atkearney.com)
Answer the following questions from the text:

Why do companies move their operations offshore?
What is global services offshoring blamed for?
Is the future of offshoring predicted to be bright or bleak?
What has happened in the offshoring industry over the last
decade? (indicate three aspects)
TEXT B: How do companies choose offshoring destinations?
The choice of offshoring destination is often made according to

cultural concerns. Japanese companies are starting to outsource to
China, where large numbers of Japanese speakers can be found.
German companies tend to outsource to Poland and Romania, where
proficiency in German is common. French companies outsource to
North Africa for similar reasons.
For Australian IT companies, Indonesia is one of the major choices
of offshoring destination, due to: nearshore location, common time
zone and adequate IT work force.
The Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) has made
nearshoring (i.e. transferring business to a nearby country) more
attractive between the Central American countries of Costa Rica, El
Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and the Dominican
Republic and the US.
(Adapted from Wikipedia.org)
Answer the following questions:

What determines companies’ choice of offshoring
destination?
Why do Japanese companies offshore to China?
Where do Australian companies offshore and why? (indicate
3 reasons)
What is nearshoring?
TEXT C: The 30 top IT offshoring locations
India is still king and China is its main competitor as a destination

for offshore IT services, but five destinations have made their first
appearance in Gartner's latest list of Top 30 Offshore service
destinations: Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Colombia, Mauritius and Peru
have for the first time made it into the Gartner top 30 with Panama,
Sri Lanka and Turkey returning.
"In the past 12 months, Gartner has seen considerable efforts from
many countries to consolidate or grow their positions as leading
locations for offshore services. Emerging nations have placed
significant emphasis on IT and business process services providing
a vehicle for their economic growth, as many potential trading
partners are moving from recession to tentative growth," said
Gartner.
(Adapted from ComputerWeekly.com)
Answer the following questions:

Which are the best two offshoring destinations in the IT
industry?
Which are the five newest countries among the Top 30
Offshore service destinations?
Why do countries struggle to become attractive offshoring
locations?
After answering the questions above, exchange information

on the texts read with your colleagues.
Put the words next to the preposition they select, and then add
extra words in each category.
according action afraid blame choice cost

destination due
emphasis increase information permission
proficiency
proud reason resentment respond
restrictions scapegoat
specialize tax tend use violence
against for in
…………………… ……………………
……………………
…………………… ……………………
……………………
…………………… ……………………
……………………
…………………… ……………………
……………………
…………………… ……………………
……………………
of on to
…………………… ……………………
……………………
…………………… ……………………
……………………
…………………… ……………………
……………………
…………………… ……………………
……………………
…………………… ……………………
……………………
Make sentences with the following words, paying attention to

the preposition they select.
1. attempt (noun):
………………………………………………………………
……
2. number (noun):
………………………………………………………………
……
3. influence (noun):
………………………………………………………………
……
4. prepare (verb):
………………………………………………………………
……
5. successful (adjective):
……………………………………………………………
1.3.2. Exerciţii de gramatică în context de specialitate –

ADJECTIVES ENDING IN -ING OR -ED
1. Choose the right version(s) to complete the rules below.

Rule 1: Adjectives ending in -ING
describe a process or state that causes emotion
(e.g. boring)
describe how people feel (e.g. bored)
describe a process or state that lasts
for a while (e.g. long-lasting)
Rule 2: Adjectives ending in -ED

describe how people feel (e.g. bored)
describe the result of an action (e.g. broken)
describe a process or state that causes emotion
(e.g. boring)
2. Complete the phrases below with the right adjectival

form of the verbs given.
The company has a subscription for ITAK
Magazine, ……………… by the International
Association of Information Technology Asset Managers.
PUBLISH
We are making a study on the ………………
IT vendors on the European market: history, products and
services, financial data etc. LEAD
A ……………… firm has been invited to
review the company’s financial statements. CONSULT
All of the company’s ……………… shares
are held by employees or associates. TRADE
Businesses are under ……………… pressure to protect
the environment.
INTENSIFY
To increase employability, graduates have to prove
they have gained
……………… skills in the field they want to work in.
SPECIALIZE
……………… economies in Asia or Latin America
have a great potential
for development, but evince significant political,
social or financial risks.
EMERGE
……………… firms offer the same
standardized products to buyers from various countries
and cultures. GLOBALIZE
A ……………… partner is a company or
country with which you do business regularly. TRADE
For the 2-month summer internship the
bank is looking for students……………… in accounting.
SPECIALIZE
Se lucrează exerciţii care vizează adjectivele terminate in –
ING si –ED şi se fac observaţii asupra celor care fac exceptie.
Exerciţiile îi solicită pe studenţi să realizeze propozitii cu diferite
situatii pentru cele doua aspecte studiate. Diferite diagrame care
respectă tematică unităţii de învăţare sunt oferite ca model.
În vederea familiarizării cu conceptul de offshore, se

prelucrează textul intitulat Offshore Business, insistându-se pe
înţelegerea conceptelor de offshoring dar si diferitele probleme de
gramatică legate de adjective, identificate în text.
Skills checklist
Students are asked to define to do exercises with tax collocations:
Match the tax collocations below with their definitions:
payroll tax, progressive tax, tax avoidance, income tax, tax payer, tax
evasion, corporate tax, tax deduction, property tax, car tax, flat tax,
unemployment, compensation tax, tax bracket, valued added tax, tax
free
a. person who pays taxes
b. money to be paid to the government so that one can drive their car
on the roads
c. a fixed amount/ percentage that a taxpayer can subtract from

his/her gross income to arrive at the taxable income (e.g. allowances
for home repair expenses, or study costs)
d. legal minimization of tax liability through financial planning

techniques
e. an amount deducted from an employee’s salary to compensate for

benefits if he/she loses his/her job
f. a tax to be paid by companies function of the amount of profit
gained
g. income tax and other deductions from an employee’s salary
h. goods not subject to taxation
i. category of income subject to a particular tax rate
j. a tax imposed by governments on the income/revenues of

individuals or corporations
k. a tax imposed by the government on real estate
l. indirect tax on the consumption of goods and services
m. a system imposing the same income tax rate to all taxpayers,

regardless of their income bracket
n. income tax that takes a larger percentage of a larger income and a
smaller percentage of a smaller income
o. illegal attempt to minimize tax liability
Be prepared to discuss:
- the difference between types of taxation.
Be prepared to talk about

- a successful company
- offsoring and outsourcing
- taxation
- competition
Be able to talk about:

- different types of companies in your country;
- taxation system;
- IT companies;
- tax haven;
- negative aspects associated with offshore business.
1.3.3. Editarea unor documente specifice domeniului

economic
Individual, studenţii compun mici enunţuri prin care solicită

diferite informaţii privind sistemul de impozitare in diferite tari ale
UE precum si in contextul Brexit. Acestea sunt evaluate de către
cadrul didactic.
Concepte şi termeni de reţinut:

- offshoring si outsourcing;
- taxation;
- adjectives ending in –ING and -ED
1.4. Îndrumar pentru autoverificare
Sinteza unităţii de învăţare 1
Reading/ Comprehension
1. Which are the most popular offshores? Which are the disadvantages of doing offshore business?
2. Which is your opinion about the Romanian taxation system? Would you invest in a Romanian
company producing software? Why? Why not?
3. What software companies have considerable market share in Romania? Can you explain why?
Grammar point
Adjectives ending in –ING and -ED
Tax collocations
Prepositions
Concepte şi termeni de reţinut
 offshore si outsourcing
 taxation
 adjectives ending in –ING si –ED
 colocatii
Întrebări de control şi teme de dezbatere

Ajutându-se de sugestiile incluse la rubrica Skills Checklist, studenţii pregatesc un material cu
diferentele dintre sistemele de impozitare din Romania si o tara care impoziteaza in sistem offsore. Se
lucrează individual.
Teste de evaluare/autoevaluare
I. Choose the right version.

1. In many countries, governments impose …………… taxes on the capital
of companies.
a. income b. corporate c. property
2. Big companies hire accounting firms to advise them on tax ……………
strategies.
a. avoidance b. deduction c. evasion
3. With duty-free shopping, customers buy products without paying taxes, whereas
with tax …………… shopping, customers buy products at a
price including taxes and may reclaim the VAT paid in other countries.
a. deductible b. paying c. free
4. Proponents of …………… tax rates argue that the constant rate makes
them easier to track and collect.
a. regressive b. flat c. progressive
5. Proponents of progressive tax rates argue that people in a higher income tax
…………… should pay higher taxes than those in a lower one.
a. bracket b. haven c. money
II. Read the English text below and its translation into Romanian. Identify 5
mistakes in the Romanian version and underline them.
Facing a pensioned financial future of social insecurity and

Medi(could)Care(less) is a growing reality for today's pre-retirees and early retirees
- even for those that don't fit the profile of overindulgent boomer consumers and
have been doing their best to save and invest. Increasingly, they face the double
whammy of "gently persuaded" early retirement or not-so-gentle off-the-payroll
offshoring of their jobs - both of which leave them without the health insurance they
intended to rely on until becoming eligible for Medicare.
Abridged from Investopedia.com
III. When expressing agreement or disagreement with an idea/ a statement,

several linking words are useful. Fill in the statements below with a word or
phrase form the box.
although as because due to the fact that in spite of

nevertheless on account of since unlike while
Reason
………… she missed the plane, she had to cancel her trip abroad.
The government didn’t collect the intended amount of taxes ………… the country’s 10
largest corporations had moved their operations offshore.
She was promoted Area Sales Manager ………… her hard work.
They could not deliver the goods on time ………… the road had been seriously damaged by
the landslide.
They weren’t allowed in the club ………… they didn’t have their IDs to prove their age.
Contrast
I do not have a driver’s license, ………… my brother, who has had one for 2 years now.
………… I hadn’t been there before, I managed to find the hotel easily.
………… my colleagues have a week off, I have to work overtime to write a long overdue
report.
He decided to invest his money in the taxi company ………… the bad rumors regarding its
financial viability.
The doctors were not optimistic about his chances of recovery.
…………, he managed to recover quickly, surprising everyone.
IV. Give reasons for or against one of the following statements. Write about 50-80
words.
A. “Taxes are the price we pay for civilization.” (Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., US
Supreme Court of Justice)
B. “The real spelling of aid is t.a.x.” (Jeffrey Owens, Head of tax at the OECD, Nov.
30, 2008)
C. “Offshore is a kitchen where corporate books are cooked.” (Jack Blum, Canadian
writer)
D. “Tax havens aren’t just about tax. They are about escape – escape from criminal
laws, escape from creditors, escape from tax, escape from prudent financial
regulation – above all, escape from democratic scrutiny and accountability.”
(Nicholas Shaxson, British journalist)
V. CASE STUDY – OUTSOURCING IT SERVICES
TASK 1: Listen to the following documentary on Outsourcing to India and

mark the statements True or False.
(listening material from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LnhTQFHkgmw)
Statement True False
The Indian population is 3.5 times bigger than the American one.
The cost of living in India is half that in the US.
People employed in Indian call centers assume an American identity while

talking to customers.
People employed in Indian call centers undergo training as far as their
pronunciation is concerned.
Despite the flourishing outsourcing industry, the Indians are not so
confident about their economic future.
TASK 2: Listen again and complete the collocations to discover services that
can be outsourced to India.
cartoon …………… bank ……………

tax …………… …………… collection
…………… cards …………… rays
…………… reservations CAT ……………
lost …………… …………… games
TASK 3: Read the following text and answer the questions below it.
India’s new outsourcing rival – Romania?
The rising costs for U.K. companies that provide and use Indian offshore
information technology services could drive businesses to cheaper locations, such as
Eastern Europe, according to a new report. The latter says that Romania and other
Eastern European countries are virtually ignored by U.K. companies but are
predominantly the first outsourcing choice for the rest of Western Europe.
The report claims that not only is the cost of using and providing IT services in
Romania much cheaper than in India, but the country is also home to an abundance
of well-educated and highly skilled workers who have a better understanding of
Western European culture than their Asian counterparts.
Moreover, the document argues that the United Kingdom's use of India is
largely driven by historical and cultural links to the country, but companies may be
forced to look elsewhere, as skills and resources become scarcer and costs start to
rise.
There is the opportunity both for service providers to improve their
competitive edge - by acquiring resources and companies in Romania more cheaply
than in India - and for users to buy comparable levels of IT service at a much lower
cost.
"Although from the business point of view, Romania is quite backward
compared to Western Europe and probably no better than the Indian and Asian
alternatives, it is arguably closer in cultural affinity. The language and education are
good enough." one of the authors of the report said.
The report estimates that in the future Romanian revenue from European
countries will be obtained mostly from France, Germany, the United Kingdom and
the Netherlands.
Adapted from http://news.cnet.com/
Why would UK companies decide to replace India for Eastern Europe as offshore
destination?
According to the report, what are the advantages of outsourcing to Romania? (indicate three
aspects)
How can companies benefit from outsourcing to Romania?
How can clients benefit from outsourcing to Romania?
What are the disadvantages of outsourcing to Romania? (indicate 1)
What countries is Romania estimated to attract as far as outsourcing is concerned?
Bibliografie obligatorie

Future and Information Technology
2.1. Introducere
2.3.1.Vocabular specific
2.3.2. Tehnologia IT si viitoare tehnologii
2.3.3. Verbe modale
2.1. Introducere
Tehnologia informației găsește aplicare pe multiple domenii legate de

date și informații, cum ar
fi: procesoare, calculatoare, hardware și software, limbaje de
programare, structuri de date și altele. Sunt considerate ca făcând parte
din largul domeniu IT toate elementele care prelucrează, într-un fel sau
altul, date, informații sau cunoștințe.
Ocupațiile specialiștilor din acest domeniu sunt foarte variate, de la
instalarea de software aplicație și până la proiectarea unor rețele de
calculatoare complexe și a bazelor de date de informații. Câteva sarcini
tipice sunt: managementul datelor, construcția de hardware pentru
calculatoare, proiectarea de software, administrarea unor întregi
sisteme informaționale. În ultimii ani sfera de răspândire s-a lărgit mult,
cuprinzând acum nu numai calculatoare și rețelele lor, dar și telefoane
mobile celulare, intelifoane (smartphones), televizoare cuplabile la
Internet, automatizarea automobilelor, aplicații militare și multe altele.
De aceea, cererea de specialiști de vârf pe piața mâinii de lucru a
domeniului este constant mare.
De aceea și instituțiile superioare de învățământ au introdus noi catedre,
cursuri, profile și examene corespunzătoare, pentru a ține pasul cu
aceste tendințe din cadrul IT, pe lângă domeniile Informatică și Sisteme
informatice.
(adaptare wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehnologia_informa%C8%9Biei)
- să înţeleagă terminologia specifică

- să fie capabil să foloseacă noile concepte în enunţuri proprii
sau în rezolvarea exerciţiilor aferente tematicii alese
- să-şi îmbunătăţească abilităţile de scris, citit, ascultat
– studenţii vor putea să definească termeni precum looking glass,

3D desktop, universal remote control, Google glasses; start-
up, dot com, VR, AI.
– studenţii vor putea să folosească noua terminologie în
enenuţuri proprii
– studenţii vor fi capabili să redacteze un text pe baza unei
tematici propuse de profesor.
Pentru unitatea de învățare Future and Information Technology timpul

alocat este de 2 ore.
2.3.1.Vocabular specific
În vederea familiarizării cu conceptulele aferente tematicii

alese se prelucrează textele Innovation and IT si Technology in the
next 100 years: the futurologist’s view insistându-se pe înţelegerea
terminologiei precum si a mesajului, identificate în text.
Skills checklist
- assumptions about the future of technology;
- critical thinking;
- new management strategies;
- strategic thinking;
- own management – startups;
- business plans
- dot coms.
2.3.2. Reading comprehension
Read the and answer the questions.
TEXT A: INNOVATION AND IT
Kasparov and Thiel argue that we have become a generation of non-

risk takers—playing it too safe and not willing to innovate and create
a new global reality that technology offers. Many inventions have
been made, but there is too little investment to bring them to fruition
and commercial success.
OK, so there was investment during the 1990s with the dot-com
boom, which I agree was a hype mistaken as innovation. Yes,
eventually, through IT, we have produced all kinds of “cute”
mechanical phones and other devices, but today’s technological
innovations have not led to fundamental improvements in things like
energy, mass transportation, or in how to protect cities from storms
like Hurricane Sandy.
Perhaps it’s about the stock market, which too often makes innovation
too pragmatic and risk -averse. We manage our great companies for
tomorrow’s high price and, to save money, resist investment in
innovation. Yes, we celebrate our new great companies and the
famous startups that make new entrepreneurs rich and famous—but
are they really addressing the long -term economic problems? We
need large companies to start investing in innovation like they did in
the 1950s and 1960s.
So, who will do this? I am getting sleepy waiting for the CEO and
boards of directors. CIOs, here is another opportunity: Turn these
innovative ideas into great business plans and take more risks. We
need CIOs to drive innovation through sound and compelling plans
that will ultimately benefit the business and society.
My research strongly shows that our successful CIOs are taking those
risks and are helping to transform their companies. For example,
Filippo Passerini at Proctor & Gamble is also a group president
overseeing global business services.
CIOs can change the world with the support and funding from our
established companies. Think about it: the technology is out there.
The challenge is converting it into a sound business plan—and having
the guts to take risks!
(Adapted from TheWallStreetJournal.com)
What title would be suitable for the above excerpt?
What is the drawback of today’s technological innovations
according to the author of the excerpt?
Who should turn innovation into business?
TEXT B: Technology in the next 100 years: the futurologist’s view
Futurologist Ian Pearson discussed technologies of the future to more

than 200 IT, security and finance delegates. Among others, he spoke of
IT security threats from smart bacteria that could be the biggest security
threat known to mankind and gadgets installed in the skin.
Electronics in the human body will record holiday and other
experiences - bungee-jumping for example - and replay them into your
nervous system, or someone else's. They will be able to feel the same
sensations you did on holiday. This would surpass showing holiday
snaps to friends and family.
Pearson also referred to "active skin". Tattoos would be applied to the
skin to provide interactive, touch-sensitive video displays. One
drawback: hackers may try to access your nervous system, though this
threat will not deter all.
Pearson referred to the "digital mirror" in which you see yourself as you
want to, not as you are. And you could use "active makeup" to change
your look during the day.
(Adapted from ComputerWeekly.com)

- gadgets;
- company of the future;
- threats and weaknesses
Tipuri de tehnologii:
• Google glasses; cloud computing
• dot coms;
• business plans;
Plan de afaceri
GRAMMAR – EXPRESSING POSSIBILITY AND IMPOSSIBILITY
could/ may/might + short infinitive

can’t/ couldn’t+ short infinitive
could/ may/might have + past participle
can’t/couldn’t have + past participle
a. present or future impossibility

b. past possibility
c. present or future possibility (might is less formal than may)
d. past impossibility
1. Put one suitable modal verb in each space.
Dentists have been using 3D printing for 10 years, to make things that really 1. ……… be
made in any other way. If patients have lost a lot of jaw bone through accident, the dentist 2.
……… need to perform complex rebuilding in collaboration with medical surgeons – all
helped by 3D modelling.
People who once 3. ……… have been told they were untreatable or needed 18 months of
carefully staged, reconstructive surgery, are now being treated in hours or even minutes.
Graphene’s many superior properties justify its nickname of a ‘miracle material’. The material
4. ……… have many uses but its discoverers are warning not to expect an immediate
revolution. However, it 5.
……… transform electrical storage and production from batteries to solar cells. Composite
materials containing graphene 6. ………strengthen aircraft wings and the biomedical uses
include tissue engineering and drug delivery. Another promising application is lithium-ion
batteries with graphene electrodes which 7. ……… for example fit into the strap of your bag
to recharge your cellphone while you’re out walking. In the longer term, complex graphene
deployments 8. ……… result in even greater returns on investment, for example in the health
and life sciences.
2. Choose the most suitable modal verb to complete the sentences below. Make any
suitable changes to the verbs in capitals.
Built-in tools such as WSUS can help with Windows patching, but you still ......... other tools
to verify that enterprise systems are safe. NEED
It is time for some corporate customers to refresh their desktops and Windows 8 Pro ........
well the OS of choice. BE
Bricks and mortar retailers ......... in the downturn, but online retailing is booming.
STRUGGLE
The cloud ......... to be flexible and better value but IT industry group ISACA has warned there are
hidden costs that could trip customers up. APPEAR
While their early approach to hybrid HTML5/Java Android mobile apps ........ a few hiccups, Java
developers can still learn from it. HAVE
Microsoft Office 2013 ......... available earlier than expected, but organizations aren't exactly
clamoring to buy the latest suite. BE
Netflix's business is booming, and the company says it ........ its meteoric growth without
cloud computing. FUEL
Internet firms such as Facebook ......... to get permission to use data if the EU adopts proposals giving
users more control over personal data. HAVE
Telemedicine services ......... time-strapped docs to do more with fewer resources, but questions
remain about how to use systems effectively. ENABLE
Radiation ......... the biggest hurdle to human space exploration beyond low-Earth orbit. BE
Tomorrow, wearable computing ......... everything from your altitude and posture to your pulse,
blood type, height, weight, and daily routines. KNOW
The eurozone may have posted some bearish figures in January, but many economists agree
that the region .......... . BOTTOM
3. Read the English text below and its translation into Romanian. Identify 5 mistakes in
the Romanian version and underline them.
The most innovative companies of the future will be private ones, which enjoy
more freedom than governments or listed companies. They will have be able to invest
in technologies too risky for politicians to endorse and too futuristic for venture
capitalists to fund.
Above all the future will be created by individuals. Those with the most liberty
to take on risk and make long-term plans, young people, should consider their options
carefully. Education is invaluable but student debt can be crippling to
entrepreneurship. The coming generation of leaders and creators will have to rekindle
the spirit of risk. Real innovation is difficult and dangerous but living without it is
impossible.
Adapted from www.financialtimes.com
WRITING – GIVING DETAILS
When defending your point of view (either for or against a statement), supporting details add
clarity and power of conviction to your ideas. For instance the following quote “Modern
technology/ Owes ecology/ An apology.” (Alan M. Eddison, American writer) can be sustained
by details as the ones below. Complete the statements so as to be convincing.
Modern technology uses 1. ……… energy (electricity, fuel, etc) which is limited, and the
production and distribution of such energy is 2. ………to the environment.
Modern technology typically uses harmful processes in production, for example, 3. ………
and acidy processes are involved in the making of computer chips, etc.
Modern technology generally has a finite lifetime, leaving behind 4.………, slowly degrading plastics,
etc.
Technology in general changes the environment. Rarely for the better, and often for the worse,
thus damaging the environment. This includes the building of river dams, the 5. ……… of
rivers, or simply the building of 6. ………
Now give supporting details for the following quotations on technology. Write about 50-
80 words.
“All of the biggest technological inventions created by man - the airplane, the automobile, the
computer - say little about his intelligence, but speak volumes about his laziness.” (Mark
Kennedy, American politician)
“Technology presumes there's just one right way to do things and there never is.” (Robert M.
Pirsig, American writer and philosopher)
“Civilization advances by extending the number of important operations which we can perform
without thinking of them.” (Alfred North Whitehead, English mathematician and philosopher)
Ajutându-se de sugestiile incluse la rubrica Skills Checklist şi de materialele oferite in bibliografia

selectiva, studenţii pregatesc material despre tehnologii avand in vedere: tipul tehnologiei si rolul
acesteia, tipuri de companii. Se lucrează individual.
Teste de evaluare/autoevaluare
1. Compound nouns like "information technology" are very frequent in the language of IT.
Match the words on the left with the words on the right to form compound nouns.
media,
bar, notebook, network, virtual desktop, cloud-based, portal, data management, cloud
technology-led
designs, business, technologies, tablets, computers, integration, computing, coding,
infrastructure,
technology
2. Fill in the gaps with the suitable compound nouns from above.
1. When there's no knowing how big the workload is going to be, mobile
developers have no other choice than to embrace ............... .
2. The market for ............... is exploding, but it has a long way to go
before it overtakes traditional portable personal computers.
3. The benefits of ............... are well-documented but firms
implementing it may have to re-appraise their storage options.
4. The ‘pioneer’ CIO of today is focused on revenue generation through
............... change, rather than ‘keeping the lights on’, which was the more traditional
role of the IT director.
5. ............... is where apps or data are accessible on the Internet instead of on a single
computer or network.
3. Read the text below and answer the questions
Apple bows out of program for environment-minded products

Apple's design direction is no longer in keeping with the requirements
of a major program devoted to the fostering of environmentally responsible
electronics, according to a report.
The company has decided to stop participating in a major program
devoted to the production of environmentally friendly products, reportedly
saying that its design direction is no longer in line with the program's
requirements.
Late last month, Apple told the nonprofit EPEAT (the Electronic
Product Environmental Assessment Tool) group that the company would no
longer submit its products for green certification from EPEAT and that it was
pulling its currently certified products from the group's registry.
EPEAT receives funding from the Environmental Protection Agency
and calls itself "the leading global environmental rating system for electronic
products, connecting purchasers to environmentally preferable choices and
benefiting producers who demonstrate environmental responsibility and
innovation."
The U.S. government requires that 95 percent of its electronics bear
the EPEAT seal of approval; large companies such as Ford and Kaiser
Permanente require their CIOs to buy from EPEAT-certified firms; and many
of the largest universities in the U.S. prefer to buy EPEAT-friendly gear.
Apple said "their design direction was no longer consistent with the
EPEAT requirements". On the other hand, EPEAT said: "They were
important supporters and we are disappointed that they don't want their
products measured by this standard anymore."
Among other things, the EPEAT requirements hold that electronics
must be easy to disassemble, so their components can be recycled. The
iPhone, the iPad, and the new MacBook Pro with Retina display don't pass
muster because of things like batteries and glass displays that are glued to
casings and backings. Apple may soon introduce an alternate green standard
to apply to its products.
Adapted from http://news.cnet.com
Why did Apple withdraw its products from the EPEAT registry?
What is EPEAT?
Which EPEAT requirement for electronic products does the text mention?
Should Apple be sacrificing environment friendliness in the name of design?

Legal Bytes
3.1. Introducere
3.3.1. Vocabular specific (legal English)
3.3.2. Legislatie
3.3.3. Îndrumar pentru autoverificare
3.1. Introducere
Dreptul este un sistem de reguli, care sunt create și puse în aplicare prin
intermediul unor instituții sociale sau guvernamentale pentru a
reglementa comportamentul. Dreptul este un sistem care ajută la
reglementare și prin care se asigură că o comunitate arată respect și egalitate
în interiorul ei. Legile aplicate de stat pot fi făcute printr-o legislatură
colectivă sau printr-un singur legiuitor, care rezultă în lege, de către executiv
prin decrete și reglementări sau stabilite de către judecători prin precedent, în
mod normal în jurisdicțiile de drept comun.
Noțiunea juridică de Drept reprezintă totalitatea regulilor și normelor
juridice care reglementează conduita oamenilor în relațiile sociale, într-o
colectivitate politic determinată, susceptibile de a fi impuse prin forța
coercitivă a statului. Tot prin Drept este desemnată și știința care studiază
aceste reguli și norme juridice.
(Adaptare https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drept)

- să înţeleagă terminologia specifică;
- să fie capabil să foloseacă noile concepte în enunţuri proprii sau în
rezolvarea exerciţiilor aferente tematicii alese;
- să-şi îmbunătăţească abilităţile de scris şi citit.
– studenţii vor putea să definească termeni precum infringement, crime,

licensed, guilt;
– studenţii vor putea să folosească noua terminologie în enunuţuri proprii;
– studenţii vor fi capabili să redacteze un text pe baza unei tematici
propuse de profesor.
Pentru unitatea de învățare Legal Bytes timpul alocat este de 2 ore.
3.3.1 Vocabular specific
În vederea familiarizării cu conceptulele aferente tematicii alese se

prelucrează textele intitulate Famous cases hit the headline,insistându-se pe
înţelegerea noilor achiziţii lingvistice, dar şi pe diferire probleme de
vocabular, identificate în text.
Read the four newspaper extracts and decide in which case:

the charges have not been proved in court yet.
someone directed money towards several businesses.
a judgement was made based on a previous similar situation.
a company was issued a payout by the court.
the defendant pleaded guilty on three counts.
the judgement was welcomed by the claimant.
the ruling is expected to stop future offences.
someone was influenced to commit fraud.
the defendant was not the sole beneficiary of confidential information.
offenders are likely to find clever ways of avoiding the problem.
for taking
A A German banker has been jailed bribes from Bernie
Ecclestone at the end of a long court case that generated
fresh criticism of the Formula One chief executive.
Mr Ecclestone, the kingpin of the motor sport and
one of the world’s best known sports entrepreneurs, had
been the “driving force” when Gerhard Gribkowsky
accepted $44m in corrupt payments in connection with the
sale of F1, said a judge in Munich. Mr Gribkowsky was
chief risk officer at the German state bank, when it sold a
key stake in F1 to a private equity group. He was arrested
after reports that, following the F1 sale, millions of dollars
were channelled to companies controlled by him in Austria.
Mr Gribkowsky was sentenced to eight years and
six months in prison after he admitted charges of receiving
corrupt payments. He also admitted breach of trust and tax
evasion. Mr Ecclestone remains under investigation by
German prosecutors but has not been charged with any
offence.
The president of Insight Research, a privately

B held investment
research company, has been arrested and charged with
insider trading as part of the US government’s investigation
into illegal trading by the Galleon Group hedge fund.
According to an FBI spokesman, Tai Nguyen surrendered
to the FBI’s New York office and pleaded guilty to one
count of conspiracy to commit securities fraud.
According to the SEC complaint, Mr Nguyen
learnt from a relative in the finance department of Abaxis,
a medical diagnostics company, about quarterly earnings
information before it was publicly announced. Mr Nguyen
allegedly traded ahead of the news, making $145,000 in
profits, and also passed the information to two clients who
allegedly made $7.2m in illegal profits.
FBI investigators have said they have identified
more than 300 people as subjects or targets of insider
trading investigations and could bring cases for the next
five years.
C Gucci America has won a bitter trademark infringement case

against Guess, with a New York court awarding the US arm
of the Italian luxury goods group damages of $4.66m.
Gucci launched proceedings claiming that Guess, a high-
end mass-market retailer, had directly imitated distinctive
hallmarks of the brand that could confuse consumers. US
District Judge Scheindlin decided in favour of Gucci on
four of five trademarks at issue.
Patrizio Di Marco, Gucci’s president and CEO,
applauded the ruling, saying he will continue to take all
necessary action to preserve the brand. “We are pleased
with this decision, which should serve as a powerful
deterrent for those who attempt to unlawfully exploit
intellectual property rights.”
The distinct lack of intellectual property
harmonisation within the luxury sector in the US has
fuelled numerous attempts by brands and the Council of
Fashion Designers to pass new legislation to stem the
impact of trademark and copyright infringement. Patenting
issues and counterfeit goods are estimated to cost the
fashion industry billions each year.
Record labels and other content owners have

D claimed a victory after
the High Court ruled that five of Britain’s largest
broadband providers must block access to the Sweden-
based Pirate Bay.
The ruling used the precedent of Newzbin, which
was blocked after a consortium of rights holders brought a
case alleging that it contained links to unlicensed digital
copies of films such as The King’s Speech. The Newzbin
case allowed rights holders to go after The Pirate Bay,
alleged to be a larger conduit for pirated material. The
BPI*, which represents music companies, began legal
proceedings after the six largest services providers refused
its request to block the source of illegal file-sharing. The
blocking orders were eventually made by Justice Arnold
who ruled that both the operators and users of The Pirate
Bay were responsible for copyright infringement.
The BPI is expected to launch further actions
against online piracy hubs, despite concerns that
determined file-sharers will be able to use technology to
circumvent the blocks.
Read the four cases again and suggest a suitable title for each.
Scan the four texts to find terms which mean the same as the
phrases listed below.
Text A
the most important or most powerful person in a group
the part of a business that you own because you have invested
money in it
the value of a company’s shares

Text B
a financial organization that invests money that has a high risk of
being lost but which may make a very large profit
documents showing that you own shares in a company
the profit made by a company over three months
Text C
a company that sells to the public goods that are produced in large
quantities and are more expensive than other similar goods
the act of giving someone who has invented something the exclusive
legal right to use that invention for a certain period of time
illegal copies made in order to trick people
Text D
a group of people who have the legal authority to publish or to use a
book, film, piece of music etc.
a system that is used for passing goods or information from one
group of people to another
a title used before the name of a judge
Language Checklist
Complete the text using the verbs given in brackets in the correct
passive form.
Bernard Madoff became world-famous on December 10, 2008.The

prominent Wall Street trader (1).................. ..................
(ARREST) by federal authorities after (2)..................
.................. (REPORT) by his sons, who discovered that $50 billion of
their investors' money (3).................. .................. .................. (LOSE) in an
elaborate Ponzi scheme. Madoff (4).................. .................. (CHARGE) with
securities fraud and (5).................. .................. (IMPRISON) until the
sentencing hearing.
On March 12, 2009 he admitted and pled guilty to 11 felony counts:

securities fraud, investment adviser fraud, mail fraud, wire fraud, three
counts of money laundering, false statements, perjury, false filings with the
US SEC, and theft from an employee benefit plan. Madoff (6)..................
.................. (SENTENCE) to 150 years in prison - the maximum possible
prison sentence for the 71-year-old defendant. Although the extent of his
fraud (7) .................. still .................. ..................
(UNCOVER), it is obvious
that the lives of many individuals (8).................. ..................
seriously
.................. (DAMAGE). The SEC (9).................. therefore
.................. (EXPECT) to take prompt regulatory action so that other greedy
traders can (10).................. .................. (PREVENT) from similar fraud
attempts in the future.
2. LISTENING – CYBERCRIMINAL PROFILING
Listen to an extract from a talk about cybercrime and complete

the table with the missing information about six famous
hackers.
(listening material from www.ted.com/talks/misha_glenny_hire_the_hackers)
Name Place of birth Profile

- grew up in a
(2)……………
Dimitry Odessa, environment
where survival required
Golubov, (3)…………… in
criminal or corrupt
aka SCRIPT (1)…………… activities
- is an (4)……………
computer user
- transferred
(5)…………… onto the
internet
- is the (6)…………… of
Renukanth DarkMarket
- escaped military
Subramanian, (7)…………… , persecution and
sought political
aka JiLsi Sri Lanka (8)…………… in Britain
at the age of 11
- was (9)…………… at
school
- has a great
(10)…………… ability
- was the (11)……………
Matrix 001 of DarkMarket
- comes from a
(12)…………… (13)…………… middle
class family
- was obsessed with
(14)……………
- moved from cracked
games to
criminality in an
(15)…………… manner
- was the mastermind of
Max Carders Market
- excelled as a
Vision, (16)…………. , (17)…………… tester
- worked (18)……………
aka ICEMAN Idaho for the FBI
-wasrecruitedbyfinancial
(19)…………… in prison
- has a (20)……………
brain
- is a master
Adewale Abuja, (21)…………… cracker
- set up the
Taiwo, bankfrauds@yahoo.co.uk
aka FreddyBB (22)…………… (23)……………
- has a (24)……………
in chemical
engineering from
Manchester University
- ran a (25)……………
bank fraud
- has the (28)……………
Cagatay skills of a geek
andthe(29)……………soci
Evyapan, (26)…………. , al
engineering skills of a
aka Cha0 master criminal
(27)…………… - is remarkably smart
- had (30)……………
VPN security
arrangement
Concepte si termeni de retinut:

- infringement, cybercrime;
- criminality, punishment
Language Checklist
Words used when:
- Referring to crimes
- Referring to punishment
- Security
- Hacking
WRITING – ARGUMENTS AND JUSTIFICATIONS
Read the extract below and choose the correct topic sentence to fill in the blank.
Hacking can be justified as it may have a positive impact on society.
While hacking may benefit the society, it actually always affects individuals negatively.
With the possibility of cyber warfare, it is becoming necessary to ensure internet security.
To the person whose personal information has been released onto the web
without their consent, who has been exposed to potential credit card theft,
or whose gaming network has gone down for months on end, hacking cannot
be justified. Hacking is never victim-free and even companies can suffer. If a
games company, for instance, loses money because their website goes down
or they face litigation, they can't spend that money on developing games that
would benefit the fans.
Adapted from www.debatewise.org/debates/3452-hacking-can-be-justified
Answer these questions:

What is the topic of the above paragraph?
What is the argument?
What is the justification?
Grammar:
DEBATE GUIDELINES
A debate is, in simple terms, an argument - NOT an undisciplined shouting match between two
parties that passionately believe in a particular point of view, but a form of public speaking
with strict rules of conduct and quite sophisticated arguing techniques. It is often the case that
the speakers have to argue the opposite of what they believe in.
THE TOPIC
¾ must be something worth arguing about:
current issues of public interest
general ideas or philosophies
always begins with the word “That”
must have two sides that can be taken by two teams:
one that agrees with the topic – AFFIRMATIVE
one that disagrees with the topic – NEGATIVE
DEFINITION
¾ it must be agreed in advance what the topic means the first Affirmative speaker must
explain in clear terms what the team believes the topic means the Negative team may agree with the
definition or choose to challenge it if o it is unreasonable OR o it rules out the opposition from the
debate if the definition is challenged, the first Negative speaker must give clear reasons and propose a
better definition.
THE TEAM ¾ must consist of 3 speakers who work together as a team

must have a TEAM LINE – a short sentence that basically states “why the topic is true” (for
the Affirmative) or “why the topic is false” (for the Negative) – which must be presented by
the first speaker of each team and used by the other two speakers to enforce the idea of
teamwork.
ROLES AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
st st
1 Affirmative must: 1 Negative must:
- define the topic - accept or reject the definition
- present the team line - present the team line
- outline briefly what each - outline briefly what each
speaker in their team will speaker in their team will say
say - rebut a few of the main
- present the 1st half of the points of the 1st Affirmative
Affirmative case - spend about one quarter of
their time rebutting
- present the 1st half of the
Negative case
2nd Affirmative must: 2nd Negative must:
- reaffirm the team line - reaffirm the team line
- rebut the main points - rebut some of the main
presented by the 1st points of the Affirmative case
Negative - spend about one third of their
- spend about one third of time rebutting
their time rebutting - present the 2nd half of the
nd
- present the 2 half of the Negative case
Affirmative case
3rd Affirmative must: 3rd Negative must:
- reaffirm the team line - reaffirm the team line
- rebut all the remaining - rebut all the remaining points
points of the Negative of the Affirmative case
case - spend about two thirds of
- spend about two thirds of their time rebutting
their time rebutting - present a summary of the
- present a summary of the Negative case
Affirmative case - round off the debate for the
- round off the debate for Negative
the Affirmative
REBUTTAL ¾ means criticising the arguments presented by the other team

is based on:
logic – it is not enough to say the other party is wrong; you must show WHY it is wrong
observation – you should be able to identify the most important points of the other side’s
case
fairness – you must not criticise individual speakers, but WHAT they say
Ajutându-se de sugestiile incluse la rubrica Skills Checklist studenţii redacteaza un text pentru
debata pentru o tema la alegere din dreptul afacerilor.
1. Which word in each group is the odd one out? You may need to consult a
dictionary to distinguish the differences in meaning.
1. elapsing ensuing subsequent succeeding
2. exempt freed liable released
3. entail imply involve suggest
4. damages compensation injury reparation
5. preceding prerequisite previous prior
6. conversely despite irrespective of regardless of
7. exclusively only primarily solely
8. to comply with to fulfil to satisfy to set forth
consequently moreover therefore thus
after this hereafter hereby in future
2. Use the odd words from 26 above to fill in the following sentences. Make the
necessary grammatical changes.
Evidence ………………… a link between criminality and social skills.
Although the roof collapsed, employees escaped …………………
Anonymous are a group of politically motivated hackers.
…………………, they claim to be the base of chaos.
SOPA was targeted ………………… at illegal downloaders.
The supervisor was held ………………… for negligence.
The opposition voted in favour of the act. …………………, the government voted
against it.
The memorandum ………………… basic departmental policies.
Another hour ………………… until the jury announced the verdict.
Good language skills are a ………………… for any job in the legal field.
CASE STUDY – HEADHUNTING IN THE HACKING RING
TASK 1: Listen to an extract from a talk about cybercrime and answer the
questions.
(listening material from www.ted.com/talks/misha_glenny_hire_the_hackers)
What does the speaker say about hackers with regard to their influence on the Net?
What is the attitude towards hackers and how is cyber-security ensured in Western
countries?
What is the attitude towards hackers and how is cyber-security ensured in Eastern
countries?
What does the speaker suggest as the best course of action? Why?
TASK 2: Read the brief and your role below.

Brief
Global Gateway is a large telecom multinational company based in Ireland. The
company has recently been the subject of a public scandal as confidential
information from their network was disclosed on the internet and misused
following a series of cyber-attacks. Entire customer databases were compromised
and, as a result, sales dropped markedly, so did revenues, and in the end their
market share was substantially damaged. The management board is desperate to
find a solution to their security problems and, moreover, to regain customer trust
and continue developing the business, but they can no longer afford to invest in
expensive protection technologies that would keep the company at bay from
inquisitive eyes.
Your role
You are one of the few people who have managed to keep their jobs in the IT
department at Global Gateway. However, since the department is understaffed
and underfunded, there is little you can do to stop security breaches, let alone
prevent them and spend your energy on promoting rather than defending the
business. You have just seen an interesting speech on ted.com about unorthodox
solutions for cyber-security, and you are now convinced that the only viable
solution for your company’s problems would be to hire a hacker. You have
gathered some information about potential ‘candidates’ and are meeting with
your colleagues to analyse their profiles and decide who would be the best choice
for your company.
Teste de evaluare/autoevaluare:
1. Build a complete paragraph (with topic sentence, arguments and justifications)

about the hackers’ position in society by using any of the elements in the following
slide.
mobile technology social media corporates
CRIME ESPIONAGE
cyberwarfare WikiLeaks
spies
ISPs
anonymization data retention
The Hacker
ordinary people
social engineering
software piracy
net neutrality deception
law enforcement
press freedom
POWER
state control civil liberties
Adapted from www.ted.com
2. Use linking words / phrases to complete the paragraphs with the previous
arguments and justifications.
There are certain arguments in On the other hand, many people
favourofstoppingillegal believe that illegal downloading
downloading. should be allowed to continue.
………………………………………… …………………………………………
…………………………………………
………………………………………… …………………………………………
………………………………………… …………………………………………
………………………………………… …………………………………………
…………………………………………
1. M. Codruz-Bacescu, V.V. Dima, D. Dona, V.M. Dumitrescu, E. Talmacian, I. I.

Bocianu, Business English Practice and Progress, Editura Universitar, Bucureşti, 2013
2. M. Codruz-Bacescu, V.V. Dima, D. Dona, V.M. Dumitrescu, E. Talmacian, I.I.
Bocianu, Ahead in Business English, Editura Universitara, Bucureşti, 2013
Fair deal and Foul Play
4.1. Introducere
4.3.1. Vocabular specific (Etica in afaceri)
4.3.2. Building sentences, paragraph structure
4.3.3. Distanta si familiaritate
4.1. Introducere
ETICA ÎN AFACERI
Etică = 1. Știință care se ocupă cu studiul teoretic al valorilor și
condiției umane din perspectiva principiilor morale și cu rolul lor în
viața socială; totalitatea normelor de conduită morală corespunzătoare;
morală. 2. Privitor la etică (1), de etică, bazat pe etică, conform cu
etica ; moral.
Etica în afaceri este una din ramurile specializate ale eticii aplicate,
care se preocupă cu principiile morale şi cu problemele morale sau
etice care apar în cadrul mediului de afaceri. Ea reflectă filosofia
aferentă mediului de afaceri, o ramură a filosofiei care se preocupă cu
aspectele filosofice, politice şi etice ale economiei şi mediului de
afaceri.
Este important de ştiut că în multe state, ca de exemplu în Statele Unite
ale Americii, companiile, în special cele mari, au statut legal de
persoană, cu toate drepturile şi datoriile pe care le implică acest status.
Problemele etice care intră în sfera eticii în afaceri includ, printre
altele, drepturile şi datoriile prezente în relaţiile dintre o companie şi
angajaţii, furnizorii, clienţii şi vecinii săi, precum şi responsabilitatea
pe care o are o companie faţă de acţionarii săi.
Principalele modalităţi de implementare a eticii în afaceri sunt
politicile interne ale companiilor şi ofiţerii de etică. În ceea ce priveşte
politicile interne ale companiilor, acestea fac de obicei parte din
programe mai largi de etică şi conformitate şi au ca obiect principal
conduita etică a angajaţilor. Ele pot lua forma unei declaraţii generale
de intenţie a companiei, dacă sunt scrise într-un mod foarte general,
sau a unui cod de conduită, dacă detaliază modul în care trebuie să se
comporte angajaţii în diverse situaţii. În ceea ce priveşte ofiţerii de
etică, aceştia au responsabilitatea de a evalua implicaţiile etice ale
activităţii companiei la care lucrează, de a face recomandări în legătură
cu politicile etice ale acesteia, precum şi de a disemina informaţii
legate de etică între ceilalţi angajaţi ai companiei în cauză. O altă
importantă îndatorire a ofiţerilor de etică este de a descoperi sau chiar
a preveni acţiunile lipsite de etică sau, în unele cazuri, ilegale.
Pentru ca în mediul de afaceri să se vadă o schimbare în bine în ceea
ce priveşte etica, trebuie să existe în cadrul tuturor companiilor o
cultură organizaţionala care să încurajeze mereu respectarea unui set
unitar de valori morale şi un comportament etic, lucru care poate fi
realizat doar prin efortul comun al tuturor actorilor din mediul de
afaceri.

- să fie capabil să foloseacă noile concepte în enunţuri proprii
sau în rezolvarea exerciţiilor;
aferente tematicii alese;
- să-şi îmbunătăţească abilităţile de scris şi citit.
– studenţii vor putea să definească termeni precum counterfeit,

prohibit, corruption, penalty, copyright infringement,
corruption, theft;
– studenţii vor putea să folosească noua terminologie în enunuţuri
proprii;
– studenţii vor fi capabili să redacteze un text pe baza unei
tematici propuse de profesor.
Pentru unitatea de învățare Fair deal and Foul Play, timpul alocat este
de 2 ore.
4.3.1 Vocabular specific (business ethics)
Language Checklist
Read the following text
TEXT A Fake Drugs: Poison Pills

Shoddily made counterfeit drugs,
containing an insufficient concentration of the active
ingredient, kill about 100,000 people every year,
mostly in the developing countries.
At present, counterfeits, which used to be a
problem for poor countries, threaten the developed
world, too. Crooks are growing so technologically
sophisticated that they can even counterfeit the
holograms on packets which are supposed to reassure
customers that pills are genuine.
The war against counterfeiting may be hard
to win, as crooks will always find a way around any
defence, but new fake detection technologies could
make life considerably more difficult for
counterfeiters, who may eventually turn to other
targets. Faking branded handbags would still be
theft, but at least will not kill people.
(Adapted from The Economist)
Find a phrase in the text that refers to a variety of newly

developed programmes such as:
- programmes that help companies “track and trace” their
products all the way from the factory to the consumers;
- programmes that use radio-frequency identification chips
embedded in packaging to detect tampering and allow
tracking;
- web-based software that enables customs officers to identify fakes.

TEXT B The Crackdown on Insider Trading in
Congress
US legislators are finally cracking down on
insider trading within the two chambers. Even
though a general ban already exists, a separate law is
still necessary to make it explicit that inside
congressional knowledge that could affect the price
of a stock is also illegal.
The new Stock Act will prohibit members of
Congress from using nonpublic information acquired
as legislators to buy or sell stocks, commodities or
other publicly traded financial products. It will also
discourage them from tipping off other people who
might act on such information.
Unlike the ban on insider trading, which
generally applies to private company “insiders” who
use nonpublic information for investment purposes,
the new Act will specifically address congressional
insider trading based on knowledge gleaned from the
legislative process.
(Adapted from The Washington Post)
Find antonyms in the text for:

permission, approval ………………
uncalled-for ………………
ambiguous ………………
ignorance ………………
legal/lawful ………………
stimulate ………………
Choose the statement that is closest in meaning to each of

the paragraphs of text B.
Paragraph I
a. US legislators are finally criminalizing
insider trading among members of Congress
through a general ban.
b. US legislators are finally taking action more
forcefully against insider trading among
members of Congress, adding a new law to
the existing general ban.
c. US legislators are finally stamping out
insider trading among members of Congress.
Paragraph II
The new Act, which will make it illegal for Congressmen to
trade stock on the basis of nonpublic information available to
them, will not apply to their families and friends.
The new Act will make it illegal for both Congressmen and
their families or friends to trade.
The new Act will make it illegal for Congressmen to trade
stock, and discourage them from disclosing nonpublic
information to other people who might use those tips.
Paragraph III
The new Act makes the general ban superfluous by addressing
insider trading committed by legislators on the basis of
information available to them in the legislative process.
The new Act differs from the general ban as it specifically
addresses insider trading committed by legislators on the basis
of information available to them in the legislative process.
The new Act contradicts the general ban as it specifically
addresses insider trading committed by legislators on the basis
of information available to them in the legislative process.
4.3.2 Grammar – MODAL VERBS REVIEW; THE

SUBJUNCTIVE
Choose the right verbs to complete the following

sentences (see Grammar File 1 for information on the use
of modal verbs).
1. US company executives …………… be sent to prison if their
companies fall foul of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.
a. might b. need c. can
2. Bosses …………… be jailed if a staff member at a foreign
subsidiary bribed an official without their knowledge.
a. have to b. could c. shall
3. Directors …………… know about dodgy goings-on that might
tarnish their company’s reputation.
a. ought to b. may c. can
4. Fake drugs taken instead of genuine medicine ……………
literally kill people.
a. should b. can c. must
5. Counterfeit drugs …………… foster drug resistance among germs.
a. need b. should c. can
6. The flurry of new fake detection technologies ……………
help the pharmaceutical industry secure its supply chain.
a. must b. shall c. may
7. Company directors …………… find a way to square their
business interests with their moral conscience.
a. should b. could c. have to
8. In the past, counterfeiters in copycat countries …………… only be
tackled if their activities threatened legitimate domestic manufacturers.
a. will b. would c. should
9. As long as there is a demand for fakes, copycats
…………… worry about sales figures.
a. cannot b. needn’t c. shall not
10. Some say the recession in the rich world …………… have given a
boost to counterfeit goods.
a. must b. may c. should
Spot the wrong choice of modals that make the following

sentences illogical or grammatically incorrect, and then
make the necessary corrections using the right modal
verbs. One of the sentences is correct.
Why can companies be more concerned with social responsibility?
He need have been jailed for whistle blowing.
He need have sold his shares based on the information he had
received from the company’s CEO the day before.
Shall I bribe the manager to speed up the wheels of
bureaucracy? Do you think it’s a good idea?
He was interrogated by the police, but won’t answer any question.
The buying and selling of stock by corporate insiders who have
access to non-public information that ought to affect the stock
price is a criminal offense
I would be grateful if you may kindly acknowledge receipt of my
letter.
While some items are clearly fakes, in some cases even
technophiles dare have a hard time telling a phony from an
iPhone.
With shoes, the best way to spot a fake must just be to put
them on, and see how comfortable you feel.
Cost-cutting counterfeits shall use cheaper substitutes on the
fabric and zippers, which will likely wear out or break
quickly.
LISTENING – INTERNATIONAL BRIBERY
Listen to the extract and mark the following statements as

TRUE or FALSE.
(listening material from
ww.youtube.com/watch?v=gEtF2NgY5Dw&feature=related)
Statement True False
In the US, at the time of the Watergate scandal, unethical

payments were the rule rather than the exception, in both politics
and business.
Bribery was not as widespread in Europe as it was in the US.
The FCA didn’t change the culture, but only forced US companies
to be more careful.
The CIA has never operated a slush fund.
In response to the US Government’s intervention, OECD members

immediately agreed to a treaty known as The Anti-Bribery
Convention.
Siemens, one of Germany’s largest companies, has never resorted

to bribery.
Listen again and answer the following questions.

What did the Watergate scandal reveal about some major
American corporations?
Which were the two main categories of beneficiaries of
companies’ slush funds?
How could companies get away with international bribery at that time?
How did companies usually justify international bribery?
After the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act was passed (1977),
was there any legal action taken against US companies that did
not comply with it?
What did the big corporations complain to Congress about?
What did the US Government do to further American
companies’ business interests abroad?
What changed about the practice of paying bribes after the
Anti-Bribery Treaty was signed?
TRANSLATION – BUSINESS ETHICS
Read the following text and decide which of the three

English versions comes closest to the original, using the
following criteria:
faithfulness to the original;
grammatical correctness;
appropriate vocabulary;
adequate style;
naturalness.
Give arguments for your choice and comment on the flaws
of the other two versions. Finally, come up with your own
(improved) version. Explain what kind of difficulties you
have encountered in translating the text (problems in
understanding the meaning of the text? vocabulary problems?
grammar problems? using the right register and style?)
„Cercetările în domeniul eticii afacerilor arată că integritatea

are un effect pozitiv asupra rentabilităţii firmelor.
Comportamentul etic al unei firme va avea drept rezultat o mai
mică fluctuaţie de personal şi relaţii mai bune cu clienţii –
ambii factori fiind dovediţi a fi esenţiali pentru succesul firmei
ceea ce confirmă vechiul dicton „vei culege ce ai semănat”.
Prin urmare, cel mai bun sfat care s-ar putea da unui
întreprinzător este: „seamănă seminţele valorilor etice în
cadrul firmei tale şi vei vedea cum acestea se vor întoarce sub
formă de profit”.
(Translated and adapted from Small Business Notes - Business
Ethics,http://www.smallbusinessnotes.com/managing-your-
business/business-ethics.html)
– counterfeit, prohibit, corruption, penalty, copyright

infringement, corruption, theft.

Vocabular specific (counterfeit, prohibit, corruption, penalty, copyright infringement, corruption,
theft)

Ajutându-se de sugestiile incluse la rubrica Skills Checklist şi de noua termnologie, studenţii
concep singuri un text/dialog prin care stabilesc o intalnire de afaceri. Se lucrează individual.
Join fragments from lists A and B to form coherent sentences.

A.
“Business managers ought not to
Companies all over the world
Many Western companies pay commissions to local agents
Bribes used to be treated by European companies as legitimate business expenses
Many corruption cases in Britain are connected
A French official was jailed
Some business people think of bribery
In return for bribes, companies are allowed
Offshore banks and companies are used
If company executives behave unethically,
Given the competitive nature of global economy,
They are only interested in maximizing profit,
The goal of all business owners is
Employers should learn to appreciate the merits of whistleblowing,
B.
a. regardless of the social or environmental costs.
b. concern themselves with the public good”, some people say
c. and to reward whistleblowers with promotion rather than the sack.
d. to siphon money out of poor countries.
e. if a contract goes through
f. their behavior will always be copied down through the organization g.
as the only way of getting around local opposition to a project h. to get
away with flouting environmental laws and regulations.
i. to the award of contracts
j. for taking bribes from companies bidding in public tenders
Choose the correct answer:
1. Student: _________________ help me with my homework, please?

Teacher: Of course!
A. Could you
B. Could you please
C. May you
2. A: _________ you show me how to use this computer software?

B: _________________. How can I help?
A. Can / I be glad to
B. Can / I'd be glad to
C. Could / I would happy to
3. Sandy, ________________ photocopy these letters right away?

A. do you can
B. may you
C. can you
4. Charlotte, ______________ send me the document by email?

A. Would please you
B. Would you please
C. You could
5. Teacher: Marco, ______________ erase the blackboard for me?

Marco: _________________, teacher.
A. Would you please / Yes, of course
B. you will / Yes, certainly
C. you can / Of course
6. Teacher, ______________ explain this grammar to me again, please?

A. you may C. could you
B. you will

Going Global (Part I)
5.1 Introducere
5.2 Obiectivele şi competenţele unităţii de învăţare – timp alocat (2 ore)
5.3 Conţinutul unităţii de învăţare
5.3.1 Vocabular specific
5.3.2 Piete si competitie
5.4 Îndrumător pentru autoverificare
5.1. Introducere
Globalizarea întrebuințată pentru a descrie un proces multicauzal care

are drept rezultat faptul că evenimente care au loc într-o parte
a globului au repercusiuni din ce în ce mai ample asupra societăților și
problemelor din alte părți ale globului.
Globalizarea este procesul de integrare internațională care rezultă din
schimbul de opinii, produse, idei și alte aspecte ale culturii la nivel
mondial. Progresele în transport și infrastructura de telecomunicații,
inclusiv dezvoltarea telegrafului și a urmașului său Internetul, sunt
factori majori în globalizare, generatoare de interdependență în
continuare a activităților economice și culturale.[
Nu există o definiție a globalizării într-o formă universal acceptată și
probabil, nici definitivă. Motivul rezidă în faptul că globalizarea
subinclude o multitudine de procese complexe cu o dinamică variabilă
atingând domenii diverse ale unei societăți. Ea poate fi un fenomen, o
ideologie, o strategie, sau toate la un loc.
Globalizarea este termenul modern folosit la descrierea schimbărilor în
societăți și în economia mondială, care rezultă din comerțul
internațional extrem de crescut și din schimburi culturale. Descrie
creșterea comerțului și a investițiilor datorită căderii barierelor și
interdependenței dintre state. În context economic, este des întâlnită
referirea, aproape exclusivă, la efectele comerțului și, în particular,
la liberalizarea comerțului sau la liberul schimb.
Haosul cu care ne confruntăm astăzi derivă din faptul că, pornind de la
dezvoltarea tehnologică și economică(care nu ar fi fost posibile fără
susținerea dezvoltării intelectualilor europeni, în special), un număr
important al activităților umanității se situează pe o scală și un orizont
atât de mari, încât au depășit granițele naționale, în limitele cărora
statele suverane își exercită dreptul la guvernare. Acest fenomen a fost
denumit globalizare, un termen care ascunde mai multe decât lasă să se
înțeleagă. Pe măsură ce domeniul activităților umane se extinde dincolo
de reglementările statului-națiune, legalitatea și regulile au devenit prea
strâmte.
Noii jucători au trebuit să facă față provocării iscate de guvernarea de
tip monopol; au apărut corporațiile multinaționale, piețele financiare
globale, organizațiile non-guvernamentale, dar și organizații criminale
și rețele teroriste internaționale.
Activitatea acestor noi jucători nu este acoperită de legile internaționale,
care se bazează pe înțelegeri formale între statele-națiune, pentru că
acestea nu au fost capabile până acum să găsească un teren comun
pentru înțelegeri care vizează problema globalizării.
Între 1910 și 1950 o serie de schimbări economice și politice au redus
dramatic volumul și importanța fluxurilor comerciale internaționale.
Dar, începând cu Primul Război Mondial și continuând cu cel de-al
Doilea Război Mondial, când au fost create FMI și GATT, trendurile s-
au inversat. În mediul de după cel de-al Doilea Război Mondial,
stimulat de către instituții economice internaționale și programe de
reconstrucție și dezvoltare, comerțul internațional a crescut brusc.
Începând cu anii ’70 efectele acestui tip de comerț deveneau mult mai
vizibile atât în privința beneficiilor, cât și ca efecte distrugătoare.
Chiar dacă aceste trei aspecte sunt întrețesute, este util să distingem
efectele globalizării în fiecare din mediile economice, politice și
culturale. Alt aspect cheie al globalizării este schimbarea în tehnologie
și inovație, în special în sectoarele transporturilor și telecomunicațiilor,
despre care se crede că au ajutat la crearea satului global primordial.
Mondializarea este o mișcare mondială care nu include liberalizarea.
Mondializarea este mai mult declararea unui teritoriu specific – un oraș,
un municipiu, un stat, de exemplu – ca teritoriu internațional, mondial,
cu responsabilități și drepturi la scară internațională.
(https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalizare)

- să fie capabil să foloseacă noile concepte în enunţuri proprii sau
în rezolvarea exerciţiilor aferente tematicii alese ;
- să-şi îmbunătăţească abilităţile de scris şi citit;
– studenţii vor putea să definească termeni precum globalization,

glocalization, policy, politics, sustainable development, trade
liberalization, free trade, tariffs, import/export quota;
– studenţii vor putea să utilizeze terminologia însuşită în enunţuri
proprii;
– studenţii vor fi capabili să redacteze un text argumentativ
folosind informaţiile dobândite.
Pentru unitatea de învățare Markets and competitors, timpul alocat este

de 2 ore.
5.3.1 Vocabular specific (Markets, competition)
Language Checklist
globalization, glocalization, policy, politics, sustainable

dvelopment,trade, liberalization, free trade, tariffs, import/export quota.
5.3.2 Discuss the following quotes on globalization.
“It has been said that arguing against globalization is like

arguing against the laws of gravity”. (Kofi Annan - Ghanaian
diplomat, 2001 Nobel peace prize)
“Globalization, as defined by rich people like us, is a very nice
thing... you are talking about the Internet, you are talking about
cell phones, you are talking about computers. This doesn't affect
two-thirds of the people of the world”. (Jimmy Carter -
American 39th US president (1977-81); Nobel prize for peace
in 2002)
“This is a very exciting time in the world of information. It's not
just that the personal computer has come along as a great tool.
The whole pace of business is moving faster. Globalization is
forcing companies to do things in new ways”. (Bill Gates -
American entrepreneur and founder of Microsoft)
"Globalization has in effect made the citizen disappear, and it
has reduced the state into being a mere instrument of global
capital”. (Vandana Shiva - Indian philosopher)
globalization = the process by which businesses and

organisations grow and start to operate in countries all
over the world, which has been made easier by new
technology and political developments
glocalization = a strategy where a company is operating
all around the world but adapts its products or services
and its manufacturing methods to make them suitable for
local conditions
Insert the following words in the text below.

boycott impoverishment rippled supply
collateral power shoddy unemployment
fringe reaping stung urging
The Cost of Globalization
When Karl Marx called for the workers of the world to unite,
it seems unlikely he had in mind an iPhone (1).................. .
But suggestions for such a campaign in the US have thrown
the spotlight on possible abuses at firms producing goods for
hi-tech giant Apple, (2).................. the public to think again
about what happens at the other end of the production pipeline
that leads to its swish, minimalist stores. (3).................. by
criticism, Apple boss Tim Cook told his staff last week: "We
care about every worker worldwide(4) . chain", ...... and
............................... the ........ company . is ............... now
............................... inspecting ...... scores................ of
factories, providing the latest evidence that the public is no
longer willing to ignore the dark underbelly of world
capitalism.
Before the Great Crash, critics of globalization were isolated on
the loony (5) : tear-gassed in Seattle and whacked with
truncheons in Prague, as the
west's leaders gathered to congratulate themselves
on (6) the benefits of unfettered world trade.
When the Asian financial crises of the 1990s toppled
governments and forced one desperate country after another
into mass (7) and emergency bailouts by the International
Monetary Fund (IMF), the west's leaders explained it away as a
result of (8) governance or poor economic management,
instead of a devastating side-effect of globalization. And even
after the financial shock waves (9) out from the American
housing market in 2007 and caused catastrophic (10)
.................. damage in countries across the globe, and
the deepest world recession since the 1930s, many felt that a
few tweaks to bank capital rules, and sharper teeth for financial
regulators, would fix the system. Yet two things have
derailed world leaders' attempts to get back to business as
usual. The first is that in many countries, more than four years
on
from the start of the credit crisis, millions of people still wait
for economic recovery to take hold. Growth is sickly or non-
existent; (11) is rising; the only people who seem to escape
are a tiny, super-rich elite. And the second reason: there has
been a growing chorus of discontent from far beyond the
corridors of (12) . From the Indignados in Spain, who
have espoused the cause of the 50% of young Spaniards now
out of a job, to the Occupy movements that have sprung up in
New York, London and scores of
other cities around the world, to the villagers in Guangdong,
China, protesting against government land-grabs, many
thousands of discontented citizens are
making their anger felt about the way the system has failed
them.
Grammar point
Pie charts/graphs
A pie chart (or a circle graph) is a circular chart divided into sectors,
illustrating proportion. In a pie chart, the arc length of each sector (and
consequently its central angle and area), is proportional to the quantity it
represents. When angles are measured with 1 turn as unit then a number
of percent is identified with the same number of centiturns. Together, the
sectors create a full disk. It is named for its resemblance to a pie which
has been sliced. The earliest known pie chart is generally credited to
William Playfair's Statistical Breviary of 1801.
Find in the text synonyms for the following words.

 
advantages......................... improvement .........................
 commodities .........................  to supply.........................
 employees.........................  to surge.........................
- globalization, glocalization, policy, politics, sustainable

dvelopment,trade, liberalization, free trade, tariffs, import/export quota
1. Give explanations to the following words and make up sentences with them: globalization,
glocalization, policy, politics, sustainable dvelopment,trade, liberalization, free trade, tariffs,
import/export quota.
2. Choose the best answer.
Going global has become the economic ......... of many organizations, according to Jonathan
Elimimian, Department of Business and Economics, Johnson C. Smith University.
a) aspiration b) destination c) fascination d) inspiration
It is important to be aware of the fact that the world is so technologically complex and fast
changing that it is difficult to identify the current level of global marketing changes facing
......... economies.
a) conditional b) marginal c) parochial d) transitional
We already know that strategic alliances and ......... with different countries worldwide bring
new capabilities, capacities, technologies and new strategic business ideas to these new
markets.
a) affinity b) consanguinity c) fraternity d) proximity
Economies that are ......... global societal strategies to enter the world market will
need to recognize the importance of other countries' social and cultural complexities.
a) embellishing b) embracing c) enacting d) entrancing
The ......... of globalization and constant competitive shifts have increased the
volatility of corporate posture both in domestic and global markets.
a)immediacies b) importunities c) indelicacies d) intricacies
For now, the playing ......... is not equal access to global market entry between industrialized
nations and emerging economies of the world.
a) field b) ground c) pitch d) space
Everything in the vast ......... of globalization favors the industrialized nations,

which are wealthy, technologically advanced, creative and determined to dominate the world
market.
a) area b) arena c) stadium d) studio
These advanced nations are fully aware of the extra economic and technological
power they possess with technologies, information, capabilities, access and knowledge of what
the world market is ......... .
a) about b) around c) found d) none
Global societal strategy will be ......... to all businesses worldwide as the world
market is becoming closer due to advanced technological infrastructures.
a) imperative b) imperious c) implicated d) implied

Ajutându-se de sugestiile incluse la rubrica Skills Checklist şi de noua terminologie, studenţii
concep singuri un text având ca temă Business ethics. Se lucrează individual.

TEST
1. Complete each phrases 1-10 with an ending a)- j).
1. Subordinates work □ a) a direction for the company.

2. A cross-functional team brings □ b) developing higher up the hierarchy.
3. Some companies are organized according □ c) for assigning employees to specific jobs.
4. First-line managers implement plans □ d) in major strategy issues.
5. Senior managers set □ e) into functional departments.
6. Middle managers develop detailed plans based□ f) into more concrete objectives.
7. The Board gets involved □ g) on the overall strategy.
8. First-line managers are also responsible□ h) to geographical regions.
9. It is usual to divide an organization □ i) together staff from different parts of the
company.
10. Operational planning translates general goals □ j) under the supervision of a first-line manager.
2. Find words with a similar meaning and then regroup them: boom, depression, downturn,
expansion, growth, slump. (you have an intruder)
3. Reorder the following sentences so that the paragraph could have a meaning.
□ Mr. Woodford is well-known for his investment in defensive sectors such as tobacco and utilities,
coupled with a dislike for the banking sector.
□ "I wouldn't advise anyone to sell right now", Mr Woodford says.
□ Neil Woodford, fund manager for the Invesco Perpetual High Income fund, has made his name as one
of the best performing fund managers in the UK thanks to a predominantly defensive stance, but he is
finding some optimism from the recent market corrections.
□ He is now more bullish on UK equities than earlier this year, given a three- to five-year time period.
4. Choose from the following words only those that match with the following sentences (there
are two intruders): players, outlook, stretched, health, escalating, market, survey and hand.
“The business (a)……. is undeniably difficult. The domestic cigarette (b)…… is falling by 1.6 per cent
a year and competition is (c)……. Even the thriving ginseng business is vulnerable as more (d)……
grab a slice of Korea’s $4.4bn (f)….. food market. KT&G has played a smart (g)…., but there are times
when even that is not enough. “
5. Translate into English:

a. Exista o îngrijorare larg raspândita cu privire la încetinirea ritmului afacerilor.
b. Serviciile reprezinta azi doua treimi din locurile de munca în economiile asa-numite industriale.
c. Afacerile se afla într-un punct mort.
d. În cazul în care cererea consumatorilor se stabilizeaza sau scade, patronii nu vor avea alta solutie
decât reducerile de personal.
6. In writing, show your agreement/ disagreement on the following statement: “One day I want
to be a freelancer working for myself- it’ll be much more rewarding than being the CEO of a large
corporation. ”
RASPUNSURI
UNIT 1: OFFSHORE BUSINESS
1. 1b 2d 3a 4c
2. Picture A: financial and accounting services

Picture B: manufacturing of electronic components
Picture C: manufacturing of clothes
Picture D: call center
Picture E: manufacturing of toys
Picture F: IT services
Picture G: legal services
Picture H: manufacturing of consumer goods (shampoo)
3. Production offshoring: Pictures B, C, E, H

Service offshoring: Pictures A, D, F, G
6. 1. to respond to intensifying cost-cutting imperatives

2. current economic woes and high unemployment levels in home countries
3. bright (the global services industry's full potential is ready to be tapped)
4. a) the industry has grown significantly;
b) it has increased in value-add and complexity as we continue to see new types of services
being handled remotely and across borders;
c) the geography of offshore delivery has expanded to include a large number of countries
specializing in different parts of the service-production ecosystem.
5. cultural concerns
6. because there is a large numbers of Japanese speakers in China
7. Indonesia, due to: a) near shore location, b) common time zone and c) adequate IT work
force.
8. transferring business to a nearby country
9. India and China
10. Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Colombia, Mauritius and Peru
11. offshoring is seen as a vehicle for economic growth
8. 1 nearshoring 2 outsource 3 onshore 4 reshore 5 offshore (2)

6 outsourcing 7 nearshore 8 offshoring 9 insourcing 10 offshore (1)
9.
against for in
…action… …blame… …increase…
…resentment… …destination… …specialize…
…violence… …reason… …proficiency…
…struggle… …scapegoat… …use…
…vote… …prepare… …successful…
of on to
…afraid… …emphasis… …according…
…choice… …information… …due…
…cost… …restrictions… …permission…
…proud… …tax… …tend…
…number… …influence… …attempt…
10. 1. attempt (noun): to

2. number (noun): of
3. influence (noun): on
4. prepare (verb): for
5. successful (adjective): in
11. Rule 1 - a, c; Rule 2 - a, b.
12. 1 published 2 leading 3 consulting 4 traded 5 intensifying 6 specialized

7 emerging 8 globalized 9 trading 10 specializing
13. 1D 2B 3E 4A 5C
14. 1. 11 companies
2. 227 billion dollars
3. 100 billion dollars
4. 158 subsidiaries, 7 times the number of hotels
15.
1
T
2 T A X
X
3 T A X A B L E
T
I
4 N O N- T A X A B L E
N
16.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
G N D J A O F C K B M E I L H
17. 1a 2a 3c 4b 5a
18. Suggested solutions:
Reasons to avoid paying taxes Solutions

A. low quality government services in return for Administrative reforms to improve the
taxes services provided by governments in exchange
for the taxes levied.
B. high income tax rates lead to low disposal Simplifying the income tax structure by
income, hence less items bought reducing the number of tax brackets (even
adopting flat tax) lowers the tax burden and may
support voluntary compliance.
C. high level of tax bureaucracy By means of taxpayer education and
taxpayer service, citizens can be informed and
educated about the tax system and be assisted in
their attempts to comply with the tax system.
Measures to simplify the taxpaying process
and promoting service oriented tax
administration include a reduction of the number
of tax forms and officers assisting clients in
filling out documents or the introduction of
online services.
D. using company funds to keep the business on Adopting a series of measures designed to
float, i.e. to avoid bankruptcy support business development: training and
infrastructure funding, tax exemption and
deduction schemes etc.
E. non-transparent allocation of public funds Measures ensuring and visualizing that the
state is acting in a transparent, accountable and
efficient manner with the ultimate aim of
providing services for its citizens.
(adapted from xxx - Addressing tax avoidance and tax evasion in developing countries, Deutsche
Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Eschborn, December 2010, available
online at http://www.taxcompact.net/documents/2011-09-09_GTZ_Addressing-tax-evasion-and-
avoidance.pdf )
20. Confruntarea cu un viitor financiar pensionat de insecuritate socială şi Medi(ar putea)

Ingrijire(mai puţin) este un fapt tot mai întâlnit printre cei care astăzi se apropie de pensionare sau
beneficiază de pensii anticipate – chiar şi printre cei care nu se potrivesc profilului de consumatori
cheltuitori Boomer şi au făcut tot posibilul pentru a economisi şi a investi. Din ce în ce mai mult, aceştia
se confruntă cu două opţiuni care îi dezavantajează: pensionarea anticipată "uşor de convins" sau
externalizarea locurilor lor de muncă (deci lipsa unei slujbe şi, implicit, a unui salariu) - ambele opţiuni
îi lasă fără asigurarea de sănătate pe care se bazau până la a deveni eligibil pentru Medicare.
21. Possible solutions:
a) pensioned financial future of social insecurity and Medi(could)Care(less) = viitor financiar nesigur
la pensie/ după pensionare, caracterizat prin lipsa beneficierii de asigurări sociale şi medicale
Social Security - A government program that provides economic assistance to persons faced with
unemployment, disability, or agedness, financed by assessment of employers and employees.
Medicare – A program under the U.S. Social Security Administration that reimburses hospitals and
physicians for medical care provided to qualifying people over 65 years old.
b) overindulgent boomer consumers = consumatori/clienţi de vârsta a treia cu dare de mână
Boomer Consumer - a person born in the Baby Boomer era post World War II who is either a senior
citizen or vastly approaching and by sheer numbers are influencing American consumerism.
c) "gently persuaded" early retirement = pensionarea anticipată pe care sunt (relativ) uşor de convins
să o aleagă
d) both of which leave them without the health insurance they intended to rely on until becoming
eligible for Medicare = ambele opţiuni îi lasă fără asigurarea de sănătate pe care se bazau până la
vârsta/momentul la care urmau să beneficieze de/ să devină eiligibili pentru Medicare, asigurarea
medicală pentru vârstnici.
24. 1 since 2 due to the fact that 3 on account of 4 because 5 as 6 unlike 7 although
8 while 9 in spite of 10 nevertheless
CASE STUDY - Outsourcing IT services
Task 1
- 1T
- 2F (the cost of living in India is one fifth that in the US)
- 3T (People employed in Indian call centers assume American aliases for their job
- 4T (employees undergo accent neutralization)
- 5F (“India is going to be a super power and we are going to rule”)
Task 2
cartoon shows bank loans
tax returns debt collection
credit cards x rays
airline reservations CAT* scans
lost luggage video games
* CAT scans - computed axial tomography
Task 3
1. because of the rising costs
2. a) the cost of using and providing IT services in Romania is much cheaper than in India
b) an abundance of well-educated and highly skilled workers
c) employees have a better understanding of Western European culture than their Asian
counterparts
3. service providers can improve their competitive edge - by acquiring resources and companies in
Romania more cheaply than in India
4. users can buy comparable levels of IT service at a much lower cost
5. from the business point of view, Romania is quite backward compared to Western Europe
6. France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands
COMMUNICATION FILE 1: ORAL PRESENTATIONS
2. Scoring procedure: A answers – 1 point, B answers – 2 points, C answers – 3 points

Interpretation:
If you scored between 10 and 15, you're probably new to presenting or have learned to present
without formal training. It's likely you feel uncomfortable or downright nervous when you present. You
need to learn how to control your nerves, present with confidence and get your message across with
clarity and impact.
A score of 16 to 20 suggests you've presented a few times and may have received some training
in how to present or learnt what to do by watching others. You still need to learn how to master your
body language, make your message as engaging as possible, and deal effectively with the most
challenging questions.
A score of 21 to 25 suggests you're likely to have made quite a few presentations and have
learnt how to present effectively. To go to the next level you may need to become more accomplished
at telling stories, using humour, or incorporating rhetorical techniques.
If you scored between 26 and 30, you sound like you're a very good presenter, but, like most
top presenters, you need to be aware of the fact that such skills should always be sharp and up-to-date.
3. Preparation – objective, audience, setting

Content – key points, evidence, details
Structure – opening, close, transitions
Visual aids – amount, design, format
Rhetorical techniques – repetition, contrast, tripling
Voice – volume, pace, pitch
Body language – posture, gestures, eye contact
Magic ingredients – enthusiasm, confidence, rapport
5.
Mistake #1: Too long – Speak for 25-30 minutes maximum, the average adult attention span
Mistake #2: Too monotonous – Vary your voice in pace, volume, and pitch; use pauses
Mistake #3: Too reliant on visual aids – Don’t overcrowd your slides
Mistake #4: Lack of rapport with the audience – Demonstrate that you care; establish eye contact
Mistake #5: No purpose or outcome – Make sure the audience knows what’s in it for them
Mistake #6: No hook – Make your opening memorable and relevant
Mistake #7: No clear structure – Have 3 key points with 3 subpoints each; signpost
Mistake #8: Not knowing your material – Rehearse
Mistake #9: Not enough/Too much movement – Know your material really well; video your rehearsals
Mistake #10: A weak close – Make a powerful and natural close to your presentation; summarise main
points
6. 1 greeting 2 introduction 3 position 4 subject 5 outline
7.
Opening 1: interacting with and involving the audience
Opening 2: powerful quotation
Opening 3: surprising audio
Opening 4: rhetorical question and direct address to the audience
Opening 5: unusual combination of elements, direct question to the audience, and rhetorical questions
9. A. 1 talk 2 report 3 tell 4 show 5 take

B. 1 making 2 bringing 3 outlining 4 filling 5 giving
C. 1 highlight 2 discuss 3 put 4 make 5 talk
10. 1c 2d 3g 4f 5b 6h 7e 8a
11. 1 to move on 2 go back 3 To conclude 4 to elaborate on

5 look into 6 turn to 7 To sum up 8 To recap
12. 1 quote 2 call to action 3 emotional message 4 dramatic summary 5 loop

Draw your students’ attention to the fact that to recognize a loop they also need to remember the opening,
and, if necessary, review the content of the previous five openings with them. In the fifth close the
speaker answers the questions from Opening 4.
14. 1 putting all the words on the slides 2 spelling errors 3 too many bullet points
4 bad colour schemes 5 too many slides 6 too much data 7 too much animation
8 inappropriate fonts
15. inconsistencies in layout, design or font use; small/difficult to read font size
16. A – hands on hips, standing sideways, no eye contact with the audience
B – running his hand through his hair
C – hands in back pockets, no eye contact with the audience
D – rubbing hands, reading from the screen, no eye contact with the audience
E & F – touching/scratching head with his hands
G & H – holding and reading from (too many) papers, no eye contact with the audience
17. You should not:

- gesture all the time
- hold your hands at the back (too military or aristocratic)
- hold your hands in your pockets (very casual)
- hold your hands on your hips (arrogant)
- fold your arms (defensive)
- cross your arms (defensive)
You should have a natural resting position (ideally keep your hands waist-high).
18. The meanings can best be explained with negative examples:

1 not durable 2 not impression 3 not why 4 not somebody else 5 not his 6 not tell
7 not may 8 not somebody else 9 not have 10 not family
19. 1. What I’ll do is show you how ...

2. What I’ll be doing is making ...
3. What I’d like to do is approach ...
4. What I’d like you to do is ask ...
5. What I’m saying is ...
21. 1. So what’s the solution? The solution is to ... (e.g. introduce some changes in our product
line)
2. But what is the main advantage? The main advantage is ... (e.g. the high quality of the
education process)
3. e.g. What is their target? Their target is middle-aged urban women.
22. 1. “One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”
2. “Ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country”
3. “The difficult: that which can be done immediately. The impossible: that which takes a little
longer”
4. “One machine can do the work of fifty ordinary men. No machine can do the work of one
extraordinary man”
5. “Microsoft isn’t evil, they just make really crappy operating systems”
6. “I came, I saw, I conquered”
7. “By three methods we may learn wisdom: First, by reflection, which is noblest; second, by
imitation, which is easiest; and third by experience, which is the bitterest”
8. “There are three roads to ruin: women, gambling and technicians. The most pleasant is with
women, the quickest is with gambling, but the surest is with technicians”
9. “There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work and learning
from failure”
10. “The Internet is so big, so powerful and pointless that for some people it is a complete
substitute to life.”
23.
Extract 1 - repetition (“very, very”, “fantastic”, “superstar”)
Extract 2: - tripling (“most admired, most beloved, most innovative”);
- rhetorical question (“And why stop at just playing the global political and economic
system as it exists to your own maximum advantage?”
Extract 3: - rhetorical question (“When’s the last time you used a travel agent?”);
- dramatic contrast (“G.M. employed hundreds of thousands, Facebook fewer than
10,000”, “For all that it is raising hundreds of millions of people out of poverty in the
emerging markets, it’s also outsourcing a lot of jobs from the developed Western
economies”, “our countries are getting richer, our companies are getting more efficient,
but we’re not creating more jobs and we’re not paying people, as a whole, more”)
Extract 4: rhetorical question (“After all, for all its grim, satanic mills, it worked out pretty well,
didn’t it?”)
tripling (“richer, healthier, taller”);
repetition (“tremendous social and political upheaval ... tremendous social and political
inventions”, “We created the modern welfare state. We created public education. We
created public health care. We created public pensions. We created unions.”)
24. Steve Jobs’ presentation techniques:

- Set the theme
- Make your theme clear and consistent
- Create a headline that sets the direction
- Provide an outline
- Open and close each section with a clear transition (Make it easy for your listeners to follow
your story)
- Demonstrate enthusiasm
- Wow your audience
- Sell an experience
- Make numbers and statistics meaningful (Analogies help connect the dots for your audience)
- Make it visual
- Paint a simple picture that doesn’t overwhelm
- Give them a show
- Identify your memorable moment and build up to it
- Rehearse, rehearse, and rehearse
- Give your audience an added bonus to walk away with
UNIT 2: FUTURE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
1. 1d 2a 3e 4b 5c
2. By 2030, artificial implants for the brain will take place.

By 2025, teleportation at the particle level will begin to occur.
By 2020, universal language translation will be commonplace in every device.
By 2020, there will be more devices than people online.
By 2015, Google will index approximately 775 billion pages of content.
The Internet will evolve to perform instantaneous communication, regardless of distance.
(Adapted from Top 25 Technology Predictions by Dave Evans, Chief Futurist, Cisco IBSG
Innovations Practice)
3. Picture A: Tarati touchless

Picture B: glass tablet
Picture C: looking glass
Picture D: solar powered laptop
Picture E: mobile music
Picture F: universal remote control
Picture G: 3D Desktop
Picture H: every day robotics
Picture I: Google glasses
Picture J: smart garden
Picture K: glassy cell phone
Picture L: futuristic iPhone
4. 1J 2G 3H 4A 5F 6B 7E 8D 9I 10C 11L 12.K
5. 1. CIOs must push companies to innovate and take risks.

2. Today’s technological innovations have not led to fundamental improvements in things like
energy, mass transportation, or in how to protect cities from storms like Hurricane Sandy
3. CIOs
7. DBA = Database Administrator

CTO = Chief Technology Officer
CISM = Computer and Information Systems Manager
MISD = Management Information Systems Director
PA = Programmer Analyst
NSA = Network System Administrator
CIO = Chief Information Officer
8. 1c 2a 3b 4d
9. 1 can’t 2 may 3 might 4 may 5 could 6 could 7 might 8 may
10. 1 may need 2 might be 3 may be struggling 4 might appear 5 may have had
6 might be 7 couldn't have fueled 8 may have 9 may enable 10 might be
11 might know 12 may have bottomed
11. 1 inovative – inovatoare 2 listate – cotate la bursă

3 venture capitaliştii – investitori de risc 4 de a lua riscul – de a-şi asuma riscul
5 să considere – să ia în considerare
15. 1 non-renewable 2 harmful 3 highly toxic 4 toxic waste 5 straightening 6 roads
17. A2 B3 C1 D5 E4
18. 1. it’s really brought the barrier to computing down dramatically

2. use the cloud as a delivery model
3. the costs spent on maintaining the existing systems
4. the telco industry / the telcos
19. 1d 2e 3f 4i 5j/c 6a 7c/j 8g 9h 10b
20. 1 cloud-based technologies 2 media tablets 3 virtual desktop infrastructure

4 technology-led business 5 cloud computing
CASE STUDY - IT and the Environment
Task 1
1. because its design direction is no longer in line with the program's requirements
2. EPEAT (the Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool). EPEAT receives funding from the
Environmental Protection Agency and calls itself "the leading global environmental rating system for
electronic products
3. electronics must be easy to disassemble, so their components can be recycled
Task 2
1T 2F 3T 4F
Task 3
1 Nike 2 Yahoo 3 Adobe 4 Intel 5 Dell
GRAMMAR FILE 1: MODAL VERBS; THE SUBJUNCTIVE
1. 1 may / might / could 2 may / might / could 3 can’t 4 Could 5 must 6 should
2. 1 should / ought to 2 Need 3 must 4 should 5 should 6 needn’t
3. 1 suggestion 2 very high probability (logical deduction) 3 suggestion 4 promise

5 ability 6 habitual action in the past 7 probability 8 probability of sth happening in the
future (prediction) 9 asking for permission (informal style) 10 reproach 11 habitual state of
being 12 obstinate insistence (stubborn willingness to do sth.) 13 impossibility of sth
happening 14 probability (emphatic use)
4. 1. can always ride

2. are probably
3. can always take out/ there is always the possibility of taking out…
4. I promise to wait…
5. He is able/ has the ability to…
6. I used to drink
7. you probably find…
8. will most probably be here…
9. Am I allowed to… ?
10. Regrettably, you haven’t asked for permission…/ You had better asked for permission/ It
would have been more correct if you had asked…
11. Boys always behave like that. / Boys are always like that
12. … stubbornly insists on smoking in here….
13. They are very unlikely to miss…/ it’s impossible for them to miss the train…
14. They have probably been…
5. 1 be 2 be 3 were 4 had known 5 hadn’t lent 6 be 7 be 8 finished
9 didn’t interrupt 10 do
UNIT 3: ABSOLUTE BANKING
1. B, C, A
2. !!! The listening extract could not be located and is not included in the CD.
1 meltdown 2 corruption and greed 3 stinging rebuke 4 profits 5 allegations

6 banking and greed 7 can be bridged
7. a) annual shareholder meeting – 4

b) board of directors – 7
c) broker – 5
d) dealers – 9
e) fiduciary relationship – 12
f) going public – 10
g) insider trading – 1
h) institutional investor – 16
i) investment banker – 11
j) listing – 15
k) primary offering – 14
l) private placement – 13
m) proxy – 6
n) public offering – 2
o) securities – 8
p) shareholder agreement – 3
9. 1e 2g 3i 4k 5n 6a 7b 8l 9o 10r 11p 12f 13d 14q 15j 16m 17h 18c
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
E G I K N A B L O R P F D Q J M H C
13. 1C 2F 3E 4B 5A 6D
14. 1 money laundering 2 tax haven 3 tax evasion 4 tax return 5 tax shelter
6 tax exemption 7 tax relief 8 actuary 9 assessor 10 cover 11 claim
12 loss adjuster 13 policy 14 premium
15.
BRITISH AMERICAN
Annual General Meeting (AGM) Annual Stockholders Meeting
Articles of Association Bylaws
authorised share capital authorized capital stock
barometer stock bellwether stock
base rate prime rate
bonus or capitalisation issue stock dividend or stock split
bridging loan bridge loan
building society savings and loan association
cheque check
company corporation
creditors accounts payable
current account checking account
debtors accounts receivable
gilt-edged stock (gilts) Treasury bonds
labour labor
Memorandum of Association Certificate of Incorporation
merchant bank investment bank
ordinary share common stock
overheads overhead
profit and loss account income statement
property real estate
quoted company listed company
retail price index (RPI) consumer price index (CPI)
share stock
share premium paid-in surplus
shareholder stockholder
shareholders' equity stockholders' equity
stock inventory
trade union labor union
unit trusts mutual funds
visible trade merchandise trade
16. 1 electronic 2 thief 3 unlock 4 crime 5 specialists 6 destroy 7 forensic

8 technology
17. 1e 2h 3a 4g 5j 6b 7i 8c 9k 10f 11d
18. a) mortgage(s) b) treasury bills c) collateral d) options e) swaps
19. 1 banking – C 2 private – E 3 earners – H 4 offshore – G 5 tax – J 6 havens – A 7

investment – I 8 financial – F 9 scam – D 10 banks – B
21. 1. Then the profits will pick up rapidly for the rest of the year.
2. In the next few years the costs will slightly decrease.
3. Costs have been rising rapidly lately.
4. I think profits will drop for the next two months.
5. Profits have remained steady for the last six months.
23. 1. Not only her money but also her jewelry had been stolen the night before her party.
2. No sooner had he won the prize than he started behaving as if he were the bee’s knees.
3. Little did the judge know that the policeman was the one to have committed perjury.
4. So sunny was the day that we left for the seaside immediately.
5. Were I Tom, I would sign this contract on the spot.
6. Had the plane my friends were travelling by not been hijacked, they would be here now.
24. 1was 2 would see 3 didn’t know / had been waiting 4 allowed
5 would have to / was / had to 6 was coming
CASE STUDY – Microsoft Battles Software Piracy in China
Task 1
Solutions:
- One solution would be for Microsoft to sue the software pirates.
- Another response to the problem would be to reduce the price of its software in order to compete
with pirated versions. However, this action may have little impact.
- Another tactic would be to lobby the US government to pressure Chinese authorities to start
enforcing their own laws. The Chinese government should start enforce its intellectual property
rights laws, should crack down on factories that the US identified as pirating US goods, respect US
trademarks including Microsoft’s and instruct Chinese government ministries to stop using pirate
software.
- The best way to stop the Chinese government from using pirated software is to go into business
with it. Once the government has a stake in maximizing sales of legitimate Microsoft products, it
will have a strong incentive to crack down on sales of counterfeit software.
GRAMMAR FILE 2: CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
1. 1. If she earns a lot of money, she will fly to New York.

2. If we travel to London, we will visit the museums.
3. If you wear sandals in the mountains, you will slip on the rocks.
4. If Rita forgets her homework, the teacher will give her a low mark.
5. If they go to the disco, they will listen to loud music.
6. If you wait a minute, I will ask my parents.
2. 1. If Susan studied harder, she would be better at school.

2. If they had enough money, they would buy a new car.
3. If you did a paper round, you would earn a little extra money.
4. If Michael got more pocket money, he would ask Doris out for dinner.
5. If we hurried, we would catch the bus.
6. If it rained, Nina would take an umbrella with her.
3. 1. If the teacher had explained the homework, I would have done it.
2. If they had waited for another 10 minutes, they would have seen the pop star.
3. If the police had come earlier, they would have arrested the burglar.
4. If you had bought fresh green vegetable, your salad would have tasted better.
5. If Alex had asked me, I would have emailed the documents.
6. If he had spoken more slowly, Peggy would have understood him.
4. 1. If they listened carefully, they might hear the woodpecker.

2. If I had lain down on the sofa, I would have fallen asleep.
3. Susan could have worked as a model if she had been taller.
4. The soil will not dry out if you water the plants regularly.
5. We would not have taken the wrong tram if John had asked the policeman.
6. If the cat hides in the tree, the dog will not find it.
7. The students would have solved the problem if they had used their textbooks.
8. Max would read the newspaper if he went by train.
5. 1a 2c 3b 4b 5a 6b 7c 8b
6. 1c 2b 3a 4b 5b 6b 7c 8b 9c 10a
UNIT 4: LEGAL BYTES
1. The images are meant to represent four types of business crime that appear in the Reading
section: bribery, trademark infringement, insider trading, and copyright infringement.
2.
1. In Romania, the most common of these four seems to be bribery; the least common – insider trading.
According to the Romanian Fraud Investigation Department, tax evasion is the most common offence.
2. Deciding which is the most serious is open to debate and can lead to different answers. One suggestion
is to split the class and ask students to discuss the issue from different points of view such as: the
offender, the victim, the government or society at large.
3. Other types of business crime: bank fraud, computer fraud, counterfeiting, embezzlement, money
laundering, price fixing, securities fraud, tax evasion.
4. "Money is the root of all evil".
5. For example, in Romania, tax evasion is punishable by 2 to 8 years in prison and prohibition of rights.
In the US, it carries with it up to a five-year prison sentence and/or fines up to $100,000. In the UK, the
penalty is up to 100% of the amount due.
3. 1 continental 2 imperial 3 compilation 4 determine 5 decides 6 specify

7 punishment 8 consequently
9 criminal 10 laundering 11 losses 12 typically 13 professions 14 lenience
15 political 16 regulations
4. 1J 2G 3D 4H 5A 6C 7F 8I 9B 10E
5.
Verb Noun Adjective Adverb
allege allegation alleged allegedly
defend defendant defensive defensively
defence defenceless (in)defensibly
defender (in)defensible
infringe infringement - -
outlaw law (un)lawful (un)lawfully
lawyer
lawfulness
outlaw
license licence (un)licensed
licensee -
licentiate
offend offence offending (in)offensively
offender offended
(in)offensiveness (in)offensive
precede precedent preceding
-
precedence
prosecute prosecutor
- -
prosecution
rule rule unruly
ruling -
ruler
(en)trust trust trusting
trustee trusty -
(un)trustworthy
6. 1B 2A 3D 4C 5A 6C 7C 8A 9B 10D
7. The original titles are:

A - Banker in F1 bribes case found guilty
B - Insight chief charged with insider trading
C - Gucci wins trademark case against Guess
D - Judge blocks channels to Pirate Bay
8. Text A: 1 kingpin 2 stake 3 equity

Text B: 4 hedge fund 5 securities 6 quarterly earnings
Text C: 7 high-end mass market retailer 8 patenting 9 counterfeit
Text D: 10 consortium of rights holders 11 conduit 12 justice
9. Verbs in the passive from the texts:

A – was arrested, were channelled, was sentenced, has not been charged
B – has been arrested (and charged), was announced
C – are estimated
D – was blocked, were made, is expected
10. 1 was arrested 2 being reported 3 had been lost 4 was charged 5 was imprisoned
6 was sentenced 7 is (still) being uncovered 8 have been (seriously) damaged
9 is (therefore) expected 10 be prevented
15. 1 Ukraine 2 sink-or-swim 3 involvement 4 accomplished 5 gangster capitalism

6 founder 7 Colombo 8 asylum 9 bullied 10 technical
11 founder 12 Southern Germany 13 well-respected 14 gaming 15 incremental
16 Meridian 17 penetration 18 voluntarily 19 fraudsters 20 planetary-sized
21 bank account 22 Nigeria 23 newsgroup 24 Masters 25 worldwide
26 Ankara 27 Turkey 28 tremendous 29 suave 30 the most effective
16. See 17.
17.
1. They are all people who learned their hacking skills in their early to mid-teens.
2. They are all people who demonstrate advanced ability in maths and the sciences.
3. When they developed those hacking skills, their moral compass had not yet developed.
4. Most of them did not demonstrate any real social skills in the outside world.
5. Hackers like these have characteristics which are consistent with Asperger's syndrome.
18. While hacking may benefit the society, it actually always affects individuals negatively.
19. Topic – Hacking cannot be justified.

Argument – Hacking has negative effects on individuals and companies alike.
Justification – Individuals lose privacy; companies lose money.
20. 1d 2a 3b 4c
21. 1(d) & 2(a) above are arguments (justifications) in favour of stopping illegal downloading.
3(b) & 4 (c) are arguments (justifications) for allowing illegal downloading to continue.
25. 1d 2h 3l 4j 5k 6a 7g 8i 9f 10c 11b 12e
26. Suggested answer:

Hello,
I have received various requests from several corporate clients to assist them with further
information regarding secured transactions. That is why I deem it important to ensure we comprehend
them and possess up-to-date knowledge that will aid us retain our clients’ respect.
I am therefore/thus writing to inform you that I have arranged a seminar on the subject. I enquired a
highly respected specialist to organise it for us and he agreed to deliver it on Wednesday from 10:00 to
16:00. He has dispatched a list of the topics for you to peruse before the seminar and I also possess a
draft of the programme for the day.
I firmly believe it will be a very interesting event. I therefore/thus strongly advise you ensure you
have no appointments that day. I sincerely hope you will endeavour to attend. Please inform me of
your intentions and bear in mind it commences at precisely 10am.
Best regards
27. 1 elapsing 2 liable 3 suggest 4 injury 5 prerequisite 6 conversely 7 primarily

8 to set forth 9 moreover 10 hereby
28. 1 suggests 2 injury 3 Moreover 4 primarily 5 liable 6 Conversely 7 sets forth

8 elapsed 9 prerequisite 10 hereby
CASE STUDY – Headhunting in the Hacking Ring
Task 1
1. Hackers are central to many political, social and economic issues affecting the Net.
2. Hackers are ignored in Western countries, where cyber-security is ensured through terribly expensive
technological solutions.
3. Eastern countries recruit hackers to develop their national cyber-offensive capabilities.
4. The speaker suggests we engage and guide these young hackers to put their remarkable skills in the
service of cyber-security. The criminal justice system alone cannot keep this problem under control.
COMMUNICATION FILE 2: BUSINESS MEETINGS AND NEGOTIATIONS
1. 1f 2c 3e 4a 5g 6d 7b
2.
Quote Author
Quote 1 d) Mireille Guiliano, French-American author
Quote 2 e) Lee Iacocca, American businessman
Quote 3 h) Brian Tracy, Life coach
Quote 4 c) Bill Gates, American business magnate
Quote 5 g) George Bernard Shaw, Irish playwright
Quote 6 a) Peter Drucker, Management consultant
Quote 7 f) Rollo May, American psychologist
Extra b) Dwight D. Eisenhower, American President
4. 1 communicators 2 significant 3 apply 4 ethical 5 truthful 6 understanding

7 confidential 8 personal 9 honest 10 professional
5. Yes
6. 1C 2E 3A 4D 5B 6F
8.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
F C J A H D I E B G
9. 1b 2a 3c 4b 5c (Listening 0:25’-1:28’)
10. (Listening 1:29’- 2:28’)
POSITIVE NEGATIVE
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
INTERNAL
 a patented cooler cart that can  only one ice cream supplier
hold more ice cream than my  less variety
competitors  less control over pricing
 fewer trips to restock
 selling more to customers on
the beach
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
EXTERNAL
 city hiring more lifeguards  a particularly rainy summer

 opening an extra mile of beach  close the beach more often
to the public (a new beach)
 more potential customers
12. (Listening 2:29’-3:26’)

 keep the cart fully stocked to take advantage of the ability to stay on the beach longer
 contingency plan: get permits in advance for selling on covered boardwalks or indoor activity
areas
 identify and form relationships with other suppliers
16. 1E 2 B 3 A 4 D 5 C
17.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
G D I A H F C J B E
back to square one

bide your time
bone of contention
common ground
drive a hard bargain
horse trading
meet half-way
negotiating table
reach an agreement
settle a conflict
18.
1. I'm sure that we will have a useful and productive meeting.
2. Together we want to develop a good business relationship.
3. May I outline our main aims and objectives today?
4. We have presented our proposal and we would like to give you the opportunity to reply to it.
5. As long as you pay the price we require, we agree to postpone the payment for 3 months.
6. I think that you should look at the whole package not so much at individual areas of difficulty.
7. Your proposal is not acceptable unless we become your exclusive suppliers.
8. It would be better if we looked for an individual arbitrator.
9. Can we run through what we have agreed?
10. We need to draw up a formal contract.
20.
HISTORY CHECK – STARBUCKS VERSUS KRAFT FOODS
In 2010, with sales of its packaged coffee reaching about $500 million annually, Starbucks
offered to buy Kraft out of the contract for $750 million. Kraft objected to the deal termination,
but Starbucks broke off the business relationship nonetheless.
Since then, Starbucks’ share of the single-serving pod market and grocery-store products has
grown significantly. The parties’ dispute over Starbucks’ termination of their partnership
moved to arbitration when the two sides were unable to settle it on their own.
A three-year dispute between Starbucks and Kraft Foods over distribution of Starbucks
packaged coffee in grocery stores was resolved on November 12, 2013 when an arbitrator
determined that Starbucks had breached its agreement with Kraft and ordered the coffeemaker
to pay the food giant $2.75 billion.
The business dispute illustrates how the fluid nature of marketplace trends can cause negotiated
business agreements to become undesirable over time. In their original agreement, Kraft and
Starbucks would have been wise to agree upon set times for renegotiation, during which they
would have had leeway to revisit existing deal terms in the face of changed economic and
industry conditions. They could also have negotiated conditions for ending the agreement early,
such as cancellation penalties and other forms of compensation.
Abridged from http://www.pon.harvard.edu/
UNIT 5: FAIR DEAL & FOUL PLAY
1. 1e 2g 3h 4o 5i 6a 7n 8b 9d 10l 11m 12c 13f 14k 15j
2.
Unethical: 1, 4, 7, 11, 12 (under the WTO Agreement, it is condemned, but not prohibited), 15 (in all
countries)
Illegal: 2, 3, 5, 6, 10 (if it’s done without the copyright holder’s permission), 14, 15 (in most countries,
.g. in the US, the making and selling of counterfeit goods is prohibited, as it involves trademark
infringement, and can lead to prison sentences or big fines)
Neither unethical nor illegal: 8, 9, 10 (if it’s allowed by the copyright holder), 13.
3. 1 bureaucracy 2 stand by one’s (moral) principles 3 corporate social responsibility

4 legal loopholes 5 lobbyist 6 stock trading 7 bureaucratic delay 8 hospitality costs
9 philanthropy 10 bonus
4.
VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB
falsify falsification false falsely
falsity
falsehood
corrupt corruption corrupt corruptly
moralize morals moral morally
morality immoral immorally
moralizer
penalize penalization penalty penal penally
admit admission admittance admissible admittedly
admissibility inadmissible admissibly
compromise compromise compromising compromisingly
uncompromising uncompromisingly
exemplify exemplification exemplary exemplarily
example
appear appearance apparent apparently
apparition
compare comparison comparative comparatively
comparable comparably
incomparable incomparably
respond response responsive responsively
respondent responsible irresponsibly
responsibility irresponsible
reason reason reasonable reasonably
reasoning unreasonable unreasonably
reasonableness reasoned
argue argument argumentative arguably
argumentation argumentatively
argumentativeness
defend defense defensive defensively
pretend pretence pretentious pretended pretentiously
pretension pretender
tolerate tolerance intolerance tolerant tolerably
tolerable intolerably
intolerable
harm harm harmful harmfully
favour favour favourite favourable favourably
favourite unfavouable unfavourably
influence influence influential influentially
destroy destruction destructive destructively
destructivenes destructible destructibly
indestructible indestructibly
prohibit prohibition prohibitive prohibitively
prohibitionist prohibitory
5. 1d 2g 3e 4f 5a 6h 7I 8j 9c 10b
6.
1. fake, sham, false, forged
2. real, authentic, unadulterated
3. swindler, fraudster, con man
4. hard, tough, challenging
5. finally, at last, in the long run
6. stealing, robbery, pillage, rip-off (slang)
7. fake detection technologies
8. a. crack down on b. ban c. stock d. tip off e. glean
9. Antonyms: 1 ban 2 necessary 3 explicit 4 knowledge 5 illegal 6 discourage
10. Paragraph I – b; Paragraph II – c; Paragraph III – b
11. 1 balance sheet 2 assets 3 equity stakes 4 assets 5 Liabilities 6 off-balance-sheet financing
12. 1c 2b 3a 4b 5c 6c 7a 8b 9b 10b
13. 1 should 2 can’t 3 must 4 shall (correct) 5 wouldn’t 6 could 7 would 8 will
9 may 10 will
14. 1d 2j 3o 4l 5a 6m 7h 8f 9b 10c 11e 12g 13i 14k 15n
15.
1. He diverted her attention lest she notice the broken window.
2. He insisted that the report be sent by mail.
3. It’s mandatory that he have completed his probation period.
4. They demanded that the meeting be held behind closed doors.
5. It’s preferable that he talk to the prime minister personally.
6. They behave as if nothing had happened.
7. She reacted as though she didn’t know tax evasion was a crime.
8. He stopped in the middle of the sentence lest he be accused of disloyalty to his company.
16. 1T 2F 3T 4F 5F 6F
17.
1. Major American corporations operated slush funds.
2. The slush funds were used to make illegal election campaign contributions and to bribe off officials
overseas in exchange for business advantages.
3. International bribery was not illegal at that time
4. They argued that they couldn’t sell their products abroad if they didn’t bribe foreign officials like
everyone else (e.g. their French and British competitors).
5. Yes, a few major companies were convicted; others continued to bribe, but were more careful.
6. They complained to Congress that complying with the new Act caused them to be at a “competitive
disadvantage” when doing business abroad.
7. The US Government took the anti-bribery law to Paris, to discuss it with the OECD (Organization
for Economic Cooperation and Development).
8. Companied looked for safer ways such as using secret bank accounts in Switzerland and setting up
“front companies” to make illegal payments more difficult to track down.
19. 1 (E - without breaking the law); 4 (E - provided that this is done by selling a better product,
rather than by deception or coercion or through unlawful anti-competitive practices)
26.
1b - “Business managers ought not to concern themselves with the public good”, some people say.
2l - Companies all over the world pay large amounts of money in bribes to win friends, influence and
contracts.
3e - Many Western companies pay commissions to local agents if a contract goes through
4n - Bribes used to be treated by European companies as legitimate business expenses which could be
claimed for tax deduction purposes.
5i - Many corruption cases in Britain are connected to the award of contracts
6j - A French official was jailed for taking bribes from companies bidding in public tenders
7g - Some business people think of bribery as the only way of getting around local opposition to a project
8h - In return for bribes, companies are allowed to get away with flouting environmental laws and
regulations.
9d - Offshore banks and companies are used to siphon money out of poor countries.
10f - If company executives behave unethically, their behavior will always be copied down through the
organization
11k - Given the competitive nature of global economy, most corporations are only concerned with the
bottom line.
12a - They are only interested in maximizing profit, regardless of the social or environmental costs.
13m - The goal of all business owners is to dominate the market and stave off competition.
14c - Employers should learn to appreciate the merits of whistleblowing, and to reward whistleblowers
with promotion rather than the sack.
27.
1. CSR is irrelevant if the essential business practice of a firm is dishonest.
2. Oil companies companies are often accused of paying lip service to business ethics, and regarding
CSR as nothing more than greenwashing.
3. Many companies set up CSR initiatives to provide some window dressing and thus hide any
corporate malpractice.
4. Educated consumers increasingly favour brands that show social responsibility.
5. Advocates of CSR work/start from the premise that capitalism fails to serve the public interest.
6. Only if corporations recognise their obligations to society will the broader social interest be served.
7. A company’s primary goal is to make profits for its shareholders.
8. While striving for friendly relations with employees, suppliers and customers, a well-run company
actually pursues its own selfish interests.
CASE STUDY – Whistleblowing: Pros and Cons
Task 1
1. Yes, given the nature of the problem, which involves major safety and security flaws that might put
people’s lives in danger, and the fact that MK had tried to solve the problem by reporting it to his
superiors, but no action had been taken by them;
2. The motivation behind snitching and whistleblowing is different; whistleblowing involves taking a
stand against a situation that might affect other people (e.g. situations that pose a health and safety risk
to the public) in an attempt to solve the situation and prevent harm, whereas snitching is an act of
indiscretion that has no ethical justification.
3. a popular video-sharing website such as YouTube is not the right place to blow the whistle on such
matters as potential national security lapses. M.K. should have chosen other communication channels
to carry his message across to authorities capable of taking action.
Task 3
1. justified
2. not justified
3. justified if the situation is first discussed with other decision-makers in the company as well
4. not justified; disloyal to his own company
5. justified
6. justified if the situation is discussed with superiors first
7. justified if the situation is discussed with superiors first
COMMUNICATION FILE 3: ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAYS
1.
Paragraph 1: introducing the topic (children’s use of computers) and stating the writer’s opinion
(children’s daily use of computers prepares them for success on three levels: personal, academic, and
professional)
Paragraph 2: first argument with justification (computers help broaden children’s horizons)
Paragraph 3: second argument with justification (computers are necessary for academic study)
Paragraph 4: third argument with justification (employers need people with computer skills)
Paragraph 5: opposing viewpoint and counterarguments (computers affect children’s social skills; not
if the right balance is maintained)
Paragraph 6: conclusion (computers are necessary tools and children need to use them from an early
age)
3. B-F D-G H-E I-A J-C
A – end; quotation
B – beginning; quotation
C – end; rhetorical question
D – beginning; direct address
E – end; direct address + rhetorical question
F – end; direct address + rhetorical question
G – end; quotation
H – beginning; rhetorical question
I – beginning; rhetorical question
J – beginning; direct address
8. Suggestions:
A. Globalization presents several economic advantages.
B. Poor countries cannot keep up with globalization.
C. The creation of a single global market has certain risks.
9. The paragraph is not reader-friendly because it is too chunky – made of short sentences, listed
one after another with little logical connection. It also uses too many personal pronouns, repeats
some words, and is informal overall.
11.
Firstly, first of all, in the first place, to start/begin
To list points: with, secondly, thirdly, after this/that, afterwards,
then, next, finally, lastly, last but not least
Furthermore, what is more, in addition (to this),
To add more points: moreover, apart from this/that, besides (this), ... not to
mention the fact that, not only... but also, both ... and
For instance, for example, such as, like, particularly,
To introduce examples:
in particular, especially
Owing to, because (of), due to, on the grounds that,
To show cause: since, as, for this reason, now that, seeing that, in
view of
As a consequence, as a result, consequently, so,
To show effect:
therefore, thus
Nonetheless, however, yet, nevertheless, but, even
To show contrast: so, still, although, even though, regardless of, in spite
of, despite, while, whereas
On the whole, all in all, on the whole, taking
To introduce a everything into consideration, all things considered,
conclusion: in conclusion, on balance, for the above mentioned
reasons, to sum up, therefore I feel that
12. 1 due to 2 For example 3 even though 4 Even if 5 Therefore
13. Suggestions:
1. Contrasting point: Management and leadership are not the same thing. However, they are necessarily
linked.
2. Additional point: The manager’s job is to plan, organise and coordinate. Moreover, the manager
focuses on systems and structure.
3. Additional point: The leader focuses on people. Furthermore, the leader’s job is to inspire and
motivate.
4. Contrasting point: While the manager relies on control, the leader inspires trust.
5. Contrasting point: Even though management and leadership are complementary, any attempt to
separate the two is likely to cause more problems than it solves.
14. Suggestion:
Management and leadership are not the same thing. However, they are necessarily linked. On the one
hand, the manager focuses on systems and structure and the manager’s job is to plan, organise and
coordinate. On the other hand, the leader focuses on people, and the leader’s job is to inspire and
motivate. While the manager relies on control, the leader inspires trust. Nevertheless, even though
management and leadership are complementary, any attempt to separate the two is likely to cause more
problems than it solves.
15. 19 spelling errors and 5 grammar mistakes

The amount of grammer grammar and usage error’s errors today is astaunding astounding. Not to
mention speling spelling. If I was were a teacher, I’d feel badly that less and less fewer and fewer
students seem to understand the basic principals principles of good writting writing. A student often
thinks they can depend on word processing programs to correct they’re their errors. Know No way!
And watching TV all the time, its it’s easy to see why their they’re having trouble. TV interferes with
them their studyng studying and it’s its strong affect effect on they’re their mainds minds has alot a
lot to due do with they’re their grades. There’s There are other factors, too, but they should study hard
like we did at theyr their age and to watch less TV.
16. Informal elements that must be eliminated: all contractions, feel badly, No way!, And..., having
trouble, has a lot to do with, like we did
Bibliografie
1.ASPINALL, Tricia, BETHELL, Georgia Test Your Business Vocabulary In Use,

Cambridge: Cambridge Publishing House, 2003.
2. EMERSON, Paul, Business Grammar Builder,London: Macmillan, 2010.
3. EMERSON, Paul, Business English Handbook, London: Macmillan, 2007.
4. McCOARMACK, Joan; WATKINS, Sebastian, English for Academic Study, London:
Garnet Publishing Ltd., 2008.
5.MARCHETEAU M., BERMAN J. P., SAVIO M., DAUBE J.P, Engleza pentru economie,
Bucuresti Editura Teora, 2003.
6. MASCULL, Bill Business Vocabulary, Cambridge: Cambridge Publishing House, 2002.
7. ROGERS, John Market Leader – Upper Intermediate Business English, Edinburgh:

Longman, 2003.
8. ROGERS, John, Market Leader – Upper Intermediate Business English (Practice File),
Edinburgh: Longman, 2003.
9. SWEENEY, Simon, English for Business Communication, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2000.
10. M. Codruz-Bacescu, V.V. Dima, D. Dona, V.M. Dumitrescu, E. Talmacian, I. I. Bocianu, Business
English Practice and Progress, Editura Universitar, Bucureşti, 2013
11. M. Codruz-Bacescu, V.V. Dima, D. Dona, V.M. Dumitrescu, E. Talmacian, I.I. Bocianu, Ahead in
Business English, Editura Universitara, Bucureşti, 2013
Colectii de ziare:
1.Financial Times
2. The Economist
3. Accounting and Business
4. Ziarul financiar

Manual Studiu Individual Sem I Csie Id

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Manual Studiu Individual Sem I Csie Id

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Monica CONDRUZ-BĂCESCU

Toate drepturile asupra editiei apartin

Nicio parte din acest volum nu poate fi reprodusa fara acordul

ENGLEZĂ SI COMUNICARE DE SPECIALITATE I

1.1. Introducere ...................................................................................................................... 8

2.1. Introducere ...................................................................................................................... 2

3.1. Introducere .................................................................................................................... 12

Disciplina Limba Engleza si Comunicare de Specialitate I este cuprinsă în planul de învăţământ

După parcurgerea acestui curs, studentul va dobândi următoarele competențe generale și

4. Atitudinale (manifestarea unei atitudini pozitive şi responsabile faţă de domeniul ştiinţific /

Resurse şi mijloace de lucru

Cursul este compus din 12 unităţi de învăţare:

Unitatea de învăţare 1 Offshore businesss

Teme de control (TC)

1. M. Codruz-Bacescu, V.V. Dima, D. Dona, V.M. Dumitrescu, E. Talmacian, I. I. Bocianu,

Termenul „companie offshore” sau „corporație offshore” este

Obiectivele unităţii de învăţare:

- să se familiarizere cu conceptul offshore, nearshore,

Competenţele unităţii de învăţare:

– studenţii vor putea să definească termeni precum offshore,

Timpul alocat unităţii de învățare:

Pentru unitatea de învătare Offshore Business, timpul alocat este

1.3. Conţinutul unităţii de învăţare

1.3.1. READING – ATTRACTIVE OFFSHORING

TEXT A: Offshoring Opportunities Amid Economic

The current global services landscape is marked by antagonistic

The latest A.T. Kearney Global Services Location Index™ shows

Answer the following questions from the text:

TEXT B: How do companies choose offshoring destinations?

The choice of offshoring destination is often made according to

Answer the following questions:

India is still king and China is its main competitor as a destination

Answer the following questions:

After answering the questions above, exchange information

according action afraid blame choice cost

Make sentences with the following words, paying attention to

1.3.2. Exerciţii de gramatică în context de specialitate –

1. Choose the right version(s) to complete the rules below.

Rule 2: Adjectives ending in -ED

2. Complete the phrases below with the right adjectival

În vederea familiarizării cu conceptul de offshore, se

Match the tax collocations below with their definitions:

a. person who pays taxes

c. a fixed amount/ percentage that a taxpayer can subtract from

d. legal minimization of tax liability through financial planning

e. an amount deducted from an employee’s salary to compensate for

g. income tax and other deductions from an employee’s salary

h. goods not subject to taxation

i. category of income subject to a particular tax rate

j. a tax imposed by governments on the income/revenues of

k. a tax imposed by the government on real estate

l. indirect tax on the consumption of goods and services

m. a system imposing the same income tax rate to all taxpayers,

o. illegal attempt to minimize tax liability

Be prepared to talk about

Be able to talk about:

1.3.3. Editarea unor documente specifice domeniului

Individual, studenţii compun mici enunţuri prin care solicită

Concepte şi termeni de reţinut:

1.4. Îndrumar pentru autoverificare

Sinteza unităţii de învăţare 1

Concepte şi termeni de reţinut

Întrebări de control şi teme de dezbatere