Rapoarte Consulare Si Diplomatice Engleze Privind Principatele 2007

https://biblioteca-digitala.
ro
RAPOARTE CONSULARE ŞI DIPLOMATICE ENGLEZE
PRIVIND PRINCIPATELE DUNĂRENE 1800 -1812
Editor: t PAUL CERNOVODEANU
https://biblioteca-digitala.ro
ACADEMIA ROMÂNĂ
INSTITUTUL DE ISTORIE "NICOLAE IORGA"
RAPOARTE
CONSULARE ŞI DIPLOMATICE ENGLEZE
PRIVIND PRINCIPATELE DUNĂRENE
1800 - 1812
Editor:
ţ PAULCERNOVODEANU
Membru de onoare al Academiei Române
MUZEUL BRĂILEI I EDITURA ISTROS

BRĂILA, 2007
Coperta: Ionel Cândea
Aşezare în pagină: Angela Dragomir
Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale a României

Rapoarte consulare şi diplomatice engleze privind Principatele
D u n ărene : 1 800-1 8 1 2 I editor Paul Cernovodeanu. - Brăila :
Editura Istros a Muzeului Brăilei, 2006
Index.
ISBN ( 1 O) 973-9469-84- 1 ; ISBN ( 1 3) 978-973-9469-84-5
I. Cernovodeanu, Paul (ed.)

94(498)
©Toate drepturile asupra prezentei ediţii sunt rezervate Muzeului Brăilei,

Editura Istros
ISBN (1O) 973-9469-84-1

ISBN (13) 978-973-9469-84-5
SUMAR
STUDIU INTRODUCTIV ................ „ ................ VII
DOCUMENTE ................................................... . 1
INDICE ............................................................... . 473
STUDIU INTRODUCTIV
Istoricul relaţiilor dintre ţările române şi Anglia - cu excepţia

cercetărilor contemporane - n-a constituit decât o preocupare cu caracter
incidental în istoriografia noastră, deşi intenţii lăudabile în această direcţie
pot fi surprinse încă din a doua jumătate a veacului al XIX-lea 1 •
Scepticismul faţă de eventualitatea detectării unor materiale interesante şi
poate - de ce să nu recunoaştem - dificultăţile întâmpinate în domeniul
limbii şi paleografiei engleze au determinat să fie lăsate pe un plan
secundar, fonduri care, numai investigaţiile începând din anii '20 ai
secolului trecut s-au dovedit a îndreptăţi speranţe dintre cele mai
optimiste2 . Pe de altă parte iniţiativa unor cercetări sporadice întreprinse
în arhivele britanice3 , ca şi publicarea unor materiale de la Public Record
1 Publicistul Alexandru Sturdza a luat iniţiativa încă din anii 1 887 - 1 888 să strângă
materiale din arhivele britanice referitoare la trecutul ţărilor noastre şi la relaţiile anglo
române. Astfel el a reunit în două caiete - rămase din nefericire în manuscris - o serie de
extrase şi rezumate din documente păstrate la State Papers Office, seria King Henry
Vllf". Letters & Papers, Foreign & Domestic şi regeste tipărite în Calendar of State
Papers and Manuscript, Venice, voi. I - VI, part I, privitoare la Transilvania între anii
1 5 1 5 - 1 538 (Academia Română, Arhiva D. A. Studza, Repertoriu de documente
istorice englezeşti privitoare la istoria românilor, Varia 97 - 98).
2 În special în domeniul istoriei modeme, unde cercetările lui East ( 1 929), Riker ( 1 93 1 )
ş i Temperley ( 1 93 7 ) au scos în 'evidenţă materiale documentare de u n deosebit interes
privitoare la epoca Unirii Principatelor şi a domniei lui Cuza ( 1 859 - 1 866), perioadă
care depăşeşte însă cronologia volumului de faţă.
3 Astfel filologul şi istoricul literar Moses Gaster, în urma cercetărilor efectuate la British
Museum, publică Notiţe geografice asupra României culese din biblioteca "British
Museum" din Londra în "Buletinul Societăţii Regale Geografice din România'', VIII
( 1 887), p. 1 45 - 148 şi Documente din arhivele Angliei asupra istoriei românilor, în
"Arhiva Societăţii Ştiinţifice şi Literare din Iaşi" V ( 1 894 ), p. 232 - 234. Nicolae Iorga
editează în aceiaşi publicaţie, IV ( 1 893), p. 1 08 - 1 1 1 , O scrisoare a lui Iacob I regele
Britaniei (!) relativă la afacerile Moldovei, precum şi Două scrisori între Ioan Calimah
domnul Moldovei şi ambasadorul englez Mitchel/ 1760, în ibid, V ( 1 894), p. 355 - 358
iar Marin Dumitrescu scoate la lumina tiparului Documente din archivele (!) Angliei
VII
Office4 , au înlesnit - într-o anumită măsură - la începutul secolului al
XX-lea posibilităţile de a aborda problema relaţiilor între ţările române şi
Anglia chiar de la primele contacte incidentale din veacul al XV-lea.
Nicolae Iorga - deschizător de drumuri în această privinţă ca în
atâtea alte domenii - are meritul de a fi cel dintâi istoric român care a
încercat să redea, într-o viziune de sinteză, evoluţia relaţiilor româno
engleze din cele mai vechi timpuri până în contemporaneitatea sa5 ,
utilizând însă un material documentar mai mult complementar arhivelor
britanice.
Între cele două războaie mondiale - în afara lui N. Iorga6 -
cercetători animaţi de un viu interes în problema raporturilor româno
engleze şi cu o bună pregătire tehnică ca Marcu Beza7 , Elvira Georgescu8
privitoare la domnia lui Alexandru Lăpuşneanu şi Jacob Erac/id Despotul, în

"Convorbiri literare", XXXVII ( 1 903 ) , m. 5, p. 449 - 4 5 5 .
4 xxx Correspondence respecting tize organization o f the Danubian Principa/ities 1828 -
1836. Printer/for use of the Foreign Office. July, 1878. Confidential no. 3666. 1 7 1 p.
După un exemplar, aflat în Arhiva Ministerului Afacerilor Externe din Bucureşti, Dosar
68, cuprinsul ei a fost analizat de Ioan C. Filitti, Corespondenţa consulilor englezi din
Principate 1828 - 1836, în "Analele Academiei Române", XXXVIII ( 1 9 1 5 - 1 9 1 6),
seria II, M. S. I., p. 839-920.
5 Les premieres relations entre l'Angleterre et Ies pays roumains du Danube 1427 -
1611 în "Melanges offerts a Charles Bemont par ses amis", Paris, 1 9 1 3 , p. 5 5 9 - 580 şi
Histoire des relations anglo-roumaines, Jassy, 1 917, 1 72 p. Această din urmă lucrare a
fost tradusă în limba engleză şi publicată cu o mică anexă documentară privitoare la
pretendentul moldovean Ştefan Bogdan ( 1607 - 1 6 1 1 ) sub titlul A History of Anglo
Roumanian Relations, Bucharest, 1 93 1 , 1 26 p. Analiza lucrării la G. Michael-Titus,
Nicolae Iorga and Anglo-Roumanian Relations, în "Acta historica", Roma, VIII ( 1 968),
p. 387-4 1 1 .
6 Ce reia, pe baza unor documente semnalate la Public Record Office, preocupări mai
vechi legate de peregrinările în Apus ale pretendentului la scaunul Moldovei, Ioan
Bogdan, sprij init de regina Elisabeta I a Angliei (cf. în Rătăcirile în Apus ale unui
pretendent român, Ioan Bogdan, în secolul al XVI-iea, în "Analele Academiei Române",
seria III, M. S. I., tom VIII ( 1 928), p. 283 - 300).
7 În articolul Vechi legături cu Anglia, apărut în "Analele Academiei Române", seria III,
M. S. I., tom VIII ( 1 936 - 1 938), p. 254 - 26 1 , Beza publică câteva documente de interes
din British Museum relative la protecţia acordată de regina Elisabeta I pretendentului
Ioan Bogdan sau de regele Carol al II-iea Stuart domnului pribeag Gheorghe Ştefan,
menţionând totodată şi scrisorile Companiei Indiilor Răsăritene (East India Company)
privind necesitatea înfiinţării unui consulat britanic în ţările române la începutul
secolului al XIX-iea.
8 Autoarea unui studiu temeinic asupra pretendentului Ştefan Bogdan, bazat pe 24
rapoarte inedite, depistate la Public Record Office, State Papers, Foreign Series, Turkey,
VIII
sau Ion I. Podea9 au scos în evidenţă în câteva studii întreprinse în
arhivele britanice, unele aspecte politice ale vechilor noastre relaţii cu
Anglia îndeosebi din perioada timpurie de la sfărşitul secolului al XVI-lea
şi începutul celui următor.
În privinţa explorării mai sistematice a arhivelor engleze în
perioada interbelică trebuiesc subliniate eforturile depuse de Dimitrie N.
Ciotori, consilier de presă apoi consul onorific al legaţiei României din
Londra între 1 927 - 1 936, care, în dorinţa de a lărgi prin noi informaţii
cadrul general al istoriei naţionale şi a fundamenta pe baze documentare
mai solide istoricul relaţiilor noastre cu Marea Britanie, a luat iniţiativa
depistării fondurilor din Public Record Office, State Papers (până în
1 782) şi Foreign Office (după 1 782), fondul Turkey, ce conţineau ştiri
relative la ţările române. Investigaţiile datorate acţiunii lui Ciotori au avut
drept rezultat reunirea în mai multe volume destinate, fără îndoială,
colecţiei Hurmuzaki - dar care n-au văzut niciodată lumina tiparului - a
unor materiale documentare provenind din arhivele ambasadei engleze la
Constantinopol din perioada anilor 1 584 - 1 599 10 şi 1 782 - 1 83 6 1 1 , acestea
din urmă înglobând cu unele lacune şi rapoartele primilor consuli britanici
din ţări le române, începând din 1 803 . Documentele transcrise de
vol. V şi VI ale ambasadorului englez la Constantinopol, Sir Thomas Glover şi înaintate

Secretarului de Stat, lordul Salisbury, între 1 4 ianuarie 1 607 - 1 5 iulie 1 6 1 1 cf. Le Sejour
d'un prince moldave a la Cour de Jacques le' roi d 'Angleterre, în "Melanges de l'ecole
roumaine en France", XII ( 1 934), Premiere partie, p. 3 - 32.
9 I se datorează cel mai documentat studiu alcătuit până în prezent asupra politicii
orientale a reginei Elisabeta I a Angliei, bazat nu numai pe izvoare de prima mână, dar şi
pe o interpretare care reuşeşte să scoată în evidenţă obiectivele reale economice şi
politice urmărite de englezi în Levant (A Contribution to the Study of Queen Elisabeth 's
Eastern Policy (1590 1593) în "Melanges d'Histoire Generale", vol. II, Cluj, 1 938,
p. 423 - 476).
10 Materiale documentare în limba engleză relative la istoria românilor (Culegere D. N.
Ciotori) (State Papers, Foreign, Turkey: I (a) anii l 584 - 1 594, 1 66 p. dactilografiate; I
(b) anii 1594 - 1599, 34 1 p. dactilografiate (Academia Română, rnss, Rapoarte
consulare engleze).
11 Rapoarte consulare engleze relative la istoria românilor din anii 1782 - 1821
(Culegere D. N. Ciotori), vol. I: I 782 - 1821,458 p. dactilografiate; vol. II: 1821 - I 836,
525 p. dactilografiate; vol. III: 1821 - anexă, 1 65 p. dactilografiate (Academia Română,
mss, Rapoarte consulare engleze). Tot în Biblioteca Academiei Române (mapa II,
Rapoarte consulare engleze) se mai păstrează în copie un lot fragmentar de rapoarte ale
ambasadorilor englezi la Constantinopol din perioada 1 769 - 1 799 transcris din iniţiativa
lui Marin Dumitrescu; cf. şi Cornelia Bodea, Surse de informare engleze privind ţara
noastră, în "Revista Arhivelor", serie nouă, XII ( 1 969), nr. 1 , p. 1 02 - 203 .
IX
paleografi autorizaţi, din îndemnul lui Ciotori, din motive pe care nu le
cunoaştem, n-au mai fost colaţionate după dactilografiere printr-o
confruntare riguroasă cu originalele şi au rămas nepublicate- în arhivele
Bibliotecii Academiei Române. Ele prezintă o certă valoare istorică
deoarece ilustrează punctul de vedere britanic în problemele sud-estului
european în primele decenii ale secolului al XIX-iea şi reflectă interesul
manifestat de cercurile politice şi de afaceri engleze faţă de Principatele
Române, dar consultarea copiilor de care dispunem, fără indicaţia
riguroasă a cotelor din arhivele londoneze, trebuie efectuate cu prudenţă,
datorită unor evidente scăpări şi erori strecurate în dactilografiere.
Cu toate deficienţele semnalate, această culegere, prin bogatul
material informativ pe care îl conţine - inclusiv cel privitor la anul
revoluţionar 1 82 1 , intrat de altfel în circulaţie în jstoriografia noastră 12 -
reprezintă cel mai serios efort de investigaţie efectuat în trecut din
iniţiativa vreunui cercetător român în arhivele britanice.
După cel de-al doilea război mondial, datorită instaurării
regimului comunist în România această direcţie de cercetare a fost
abandonată pentru două decenii . Ea a fost suplinită, însă, cu succes, în
Marea Britanie de către harnicul profesor de limbă, literatură şi istorie
română la Şcoala de studii slave şi sud-est europene (The School of
Slavonic and South-East European Studies) de pe lângă Universitatea din
Londra, Eric D. Tappe ( 1 9 1 0 - 1 9 1 2), animat de lăudabila intenţie a
dezvoltării relaţiilor ştiinţifice şi culturale anglo-române. El a adus reale
servicii ştiinţei istorice româneşti, publicând în anii '50 - ' 70, din secolul
trecut, cu precădere în coloanele periodicului „The S lavonic and East
European Studies'', o serie de studii şi materiale de bogată factură
documentară, bazată şi pe arhivele private - Paget şi Finch Winchilsea -
ilustrând aspecte, nebănuite încă, din vechile legături politice şi contacte
culturale surprinse între Principate şi Anglia în secolele XVII - XIX.
Cea mai preţioasă contribuţie a sa rămâne, însă, fără îndoială, culegerea
de documente din arhivele engleze privind istoria ţărilor române între anii
1 427 - 1 601 13 , ce cuprinde mărturii semnificative asupra interesului
12 Valorificat de Andrei Oţetea, Tudor Vladimirescu şi revoluţia din 1821, Bucureşti,

1 97 1 , p. 293, 304, 306, 4 70, 474, 478, 480 - 482, 486 - 489 etc.
13 Documents concerning Rumanian history (1427 - 1601) co/lected /rom British
Archives, The Hague, 1 964, 1 62 p. În această culegere nu figurează unele documente
privitoare la Transilvania, care se află inserate în materialele adunate de D. N. Ciotori
pentru anii 1 5 84 - 1 599.
X
manifestat de ambasadorii reginei Elisabeta I-a la Poartă faţă de
Principate în special în epoca lui Mihai Viteazul, domn al cărui prestigiu
politic şi militar iese în evidenţă - din aceste materiale - cu toată
pregnanţa.
E . D . Tappe a avut şi doi emuli şi anume pe Trevor J. Hope,
pasionat pentru istoria secolului al XVIII-lea, care şi-a susţinut chiar
doctoratul în 1 979 la Bucureşti în domeniul relaţiilor din perioada
amintită14 - dar care strămutându-se ulterior în Jamaica a abandonat
această direcţie de cercetare -, şi pe Dennis Deletant, ce s-a specializat,
însă, în studierea perioadei relaţiilor bilaterale contemporane ba chiar şi în
istoria propriu-zis românească după 1 945 15 . La rândul său Dennis
Deletant a avut ca studentă prin anii ' 80 pe Laura Coulter, care a
manifestat interes pentru vechile relaţii româno-engleze în perioada
elizabetană şi începutului domniei lui James 119.
Odată cu relativa „destindere" survenită în regimul comunist din
ţara noastră, slujind în mod tactic lui Nicolae Ceauşescu să-şi atragă un
oarecare „capital" de prestigiu în Occident pentru a-şi întări dominaţia în
interior, s-a produs şi un „dezgheţ" în privinţa posibilităţii studierii
trecutului relaţiilor anglo-române de care au putut beneficia şi unii istorici
români 17• S-au reluat - deşi cu parcimonie - bursele şi deplasările
documentare în Marea Britanie, a început o politică sistematică de
microfilmare a surselor engleze de către Direcţia Generală a Arhivelor
Statului pe baza trimiterii unor misiuni de depistare a materialelor
documentare la Londra şi în alte centre. S-a pus însă accentul pe perioada
contemporană 1 9 1 8 - 1 939 şi ulterior s-au microfilmat documente şi din
14 Interesele britanice în Europa de sud-est şi în regiunea Dunării de Jos la sfârşitul

secolului al XV!ll-lea, Bucureşti, 1 979.
15 Vezi printre altele, Literature and Society in Romania since 1948, în Perspectives on
Literature and Society in Eastern and Western Europe, ed. by Geoffrey A. Hosking and
George F. Cushing, London, Macmillan, 1 989.
6
1 An examination of the status and activities of the English Ambassadors to the Ottoman
Porte in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, în "Revue des etudes sud-est
europeennes", XXVIII ( 1 990), nr. 1 - 4, p. 56 - 87.
17 Printre care Cornelia Badea, Alexandru Duţu, Andrei Pippidi, Veniamin Ciobanu şi
subsemnatul care mi-am susţinut chiar teza de doctorat în 1 970 cu terna Relaţiile Angliei
cu ţările române în cadrul politicii sale orientale din perioada 1660 - 1714, din care am
publicat England 's Trade Policy in the Levant and her exchange of goods with the
Roumanian Countries under the latter Stuarts (1660 - 1714), Bucharest, 1 972 şi
Relaţiile politice ale Angliei cu Moldova. Ţara Românească şi Transilvania în secolele
XVI - X VII, Bucureşti, 1 974 (în colaborare cu L. Demeny).
XI
secolul XIX, cu începere din 1 83? 1 8 , acolo unde se încheia culegerea
Ciotori.
În ultimele două decenii ale secolului trecut şi până în 200 1 s-a
înmulţit şi publicarea surselor britanice, legate în special de subiecte
tematice: înfiinţarea consulatului britanic în Principate ( 1 803) 1 9 , mişcarea
revoluţionară a lui Tudor Vladimirescu din 1 82 1 20 , revoluţia de la 1 848 în
Ţara Românească2 1 , epoca premergătoare Unirii Principatelor ( 1 856 -
1 859)22 şi apoi din primii ani ai Unirii ( 1 859 - 1 862)23•
Acesta a fost, aşadar, bilanţul, în linii mari, al valorificării surselor
arhivistice engleze din perioada veche în România până la începutul
veacului de faţă. Odată cu reluarea seriei noi a prestigioasei Colecţii
Hunnuzaki în 1 962, unde s-au adus, de pildă, pentru prima oară la lumină
izvoarele ruse privitoare la Principate2 , s-a impus desigur şi problema
publicării sistematice, în acelaşi cadru, a documentelor diplomatice şi
consulare engleze referitoare la ţara noastră.
Idealul ar fi fost ca tipărirea acestor izvoare să se facă cronologic
- în volume succesive - cu începere de la cele mai vechi menţiuni din
veacul al XV-iea şi până în epoca Unirii Principatelor. O asemenea
sarcină rămâne, însă, de domeniul viitorului, deoarece explorarea
arhivelor britanice pentru perioadele mai vechi - răspândite şi în colecţii
particulare - este foarte dificilă şi presupune o desfăşurare de forţe,
18
D . G. A. S., Ghidul microfilmelor. Documente din arhivele străine, vol. Bucureşti,
1 978, p. 7 - 32 (Anglia).
19 Paul Simionescu et Radu Valentin, Documents inedits concernant la creation du
consulat britannique a Bucarest (1803), în "Revue roumaine d'histoire", VIII ( 1 969), nr.
2, p. 24 1 - 262 .
20 Revoluţia din 1821 condusă de Tudor Vladimirescu. Documente externe, Bucureşti,
1 980, doc. 2 1 , 74, 98, 1 14, 123, 1 35, 1 39, 144, 1 46, 1 49, 1 5 1 - 1 53, 1 55 , 1 59, 1 60.
2 1 Documente privind revoluţia de la 1848 În ţările române, B. Ţara Românească (12
martie 1848 - 21 aprilie 1850), Bucureşti, 1 983, doc. 1 - 5, 8 - 1 6, 33, 3 6, 40 54, 62, 65,
75, 80, 93, 99, 100,passim (numai din anul 1 848).
22 Documente privind Unirea Principatelor, vol. VII, Corespondenţă diplomatică
engleză (1856 - 1859) (ed. Beatrice Marinescu, Valeriu Stan, Valentina Costake),
Bucure.şti, 1 984, 1 055 p. (4 1 8 doc.)
23 Documente externe privitoare la domnia lui Alexandru Ioan Cuza. Corespondenţă
diplomatică engleză, vol. I (1854 - 1862) (ed. Beatrice Marinescu şi ţ Valeriu Stan),
Bucureşti, 200 1 , LIX + 556 p. (423 doc.)
24 Documente privind istoria României. Colecţia Eudoxiu de Hurmuzaki (serie nouă),
voi. I, Rapoarte consulare ruse (1770 - 1796) (ed. A. Oţetea), Bucureşti, 1 962; vol. IV,
Rapoarte diplomatice ruse (1797 -1806) (ed. A. Oţetea), vol. IV, Bucureşti, 1 974.
XII
deocamdată inexistente în istoriografia noastră. Şi acest lucru l-am
dovedit parcurgând de pildă numai arhivele Paget în prima mea călătorie
de studii în Marea Britanie în 1 97425 şi Finch (Winchilsea), cercetare
continuată şi în cea de-a doua călătorie din 1 978 26.
Nefiindu-mi posibil a publica singur documentele şi
corespondenţa diplomatică anterioară anului 1 800, fiind şi enorm
cantitativă, m-am mărginit a mă încumeta de a edita doar izvoarele din
prima jumătate a secolului al XIX-iea, deoarece tot atunci, în 1 80 1 , dar
efectiv din 1 803, se înfiinţează şi primul consulat britanic în Principate cu
sediul la Bucureşti, dar nu dependent de Foreign Office, ci salarizat şi
aflat în serviciul Companiei Indiilor Răsăritene (East India Company).
Activitatea primului consul, Francis Summerer sau Summerers
fiind întreruptă în 1 807 din cauza şi în timpul desfăşurării războiului ruso
turc din 1 806 - 1 8 1 2 27 , consulatul britanic a fost restabilit - tot pentru o
scurtă perioadă - între 1 8 1 3 - 1 8 1 8, în persoana lui William Wilkinson,
dar de data aceasta la iniţiativa Companiei Levantului28 . A urmat apoi un
„interegnum" de aproape opt ani, timp în care int�resele britanice în Ţara
Românească au fost apărate de consulul Austriei la Bucureşti, Franz
Fleischkackl von Hakenau, iar cele din Moldova de consulul aceleiaşi
puteri, Joseph von Raab29 . Această situ aţie a durat până în 1 826 când,
după suprimarea Companiei Levantului, Foreign Office-ul se decide, în
sfârşit, a numi pentru prima oară în Principate un reprezentant oficial al
guvernului şi al Coroanei, împuternicit cu toate puterile legale.
25
Arhiva _diplomatică a lordului William Paget (1637 - 1713), în "Revista Arhivelor'',
LII ( 1 975), voi. XXXVII, nr. 1 , p. 80 - 92.
26 Izvoare engleze privitoare la istoria românilor (Arhiva Finch), în "Revista de Istorie",
30 ( 1 97 7), nr. 8, p. 1 5 1 9 - 1 529.
27 Vezi Paul Cemovodeanu, Înfiinţarea consulatului englez în ţările române (1803) şi
activitata sa până la 1807, în "Revista română de studii internaţionale", V ( 1 97 1 ), nr. 1
( 1 1 ), p. 1 39 - 1 62 . Recent a fost încredinţată tiparului o foarte utilă sinteză a tânărului
istoric dobrogean Marius Gerald Epure privind Ţările române în politica orientală a
Marii Britanii la sfârşitul secolului X Vlll şi începutul secolului XIX, <Piteşti>, Ed.
Paralela 45, 2002, 1 66 p., în care această perioadă este analizată cu pertinenţă,
evidenţiindu-se cu sagacitate şi activitatea primului consul britanic în Principate, Francis
Summerers.
28
Vezi W. Wilkinson, An account of the Principalities of Wallachia and Moldovia,
London, 1 820, Appendix I, p. 1 99 - 202; A. C. Wood, A History of the Levant
Company, Oxford, 1 935, p. 1 96 - 197.
29 Paul Cemovodeanu, Relaţiile comerciale româno-engleze în contextul politicii
orientale a Marii Britanii (1803 - 1878), Cluj-Napoca, 1 986, p. 40 - 4 1 , nota 90.
XIII
Maj oritatea documentelor din acest volum sunt de ongme
diplomatică şi aparţin diverşilor ambasadori britanici ce s-au perindat la
Poa11a Otomană, cuprinzând informaţii de cel mai mare interes pentru
soarta Principatelor în perioada 1 806 - 1 8 1 2 . Un grup mai restrâns
apa11ine categoriei consulare şi provin de la Francis Summerers30 care a
părăsit Ţara Românească, suferind mari pierderi financiare de pe urma
serviciului său remunerat cu multă parcimonie şi neregularitate, ceea ce
l-a determinat după retragerea în insula Malta şi apoi la Londra să se
adreseze guvernului şi celor mai înalte autorităţi până în 1 8 1 O pentru
recuperarea creanţelor, solicitând chiar revenirea la Bucureşti, dar într-o
poziţie oficială şi stabilă. Summerers a lăsat provizoriu în locul său pe
dragomanul Ioan Marco, care înaintează ambasadei britanice din
Constantinopol unele rapoarte până în 1 8 1 O de un interes mai mult local.
În ceea ce priveşte metoda de lucru, am pornit - înaintea
deplasărilor de studii efectuate în Marea Britanie - la copierea
documentelor aflate la Biblioteca Academiei Române în cele două
volume ale culegerii Ciotori. După aceea, în 1 97 4 şi 1 978 prin
investigaţiile efectuate la Foreign Office, am procedat la depistarea
cotelor documentelor copiate, fiind astfel în măsură să efectuez comenzile
respective de microfilme la D. G. A. S. Şi odată aduse în ţară, să pot
proceda la colaţionarea textului lor după originalele microfilmate. Astfel
s-au îndreptat suficiente lacune şi erori. Documentele care au fost
publicate între timp au fost incluse în volum, dar numai în rezumat.
Problemele tratate în volumul de faţă reflectă pe plan politic
intenţiile guvernului de la Londra de a contrabalansa influenţa politicii
franceze în Moldova şi Ţara Românească în timpul războaielor
napoleoniene, iar pe plan economic interesul cercurilor de afaceri engleze
de a stabili un negoţ durabil şi fructuos la Dunăre şi a intensifica relaţiile
comerciale existente. Sub raport consular se tratează problema specială a
statutului supuşilor britani_ci sau a protej aţilor septinsulari (ionieni) în
Principate şi a relaţiilor acestora cu autorităţile locale şi ale administraţiei
militare ruse de ocupaţie.
3° Cu � excepţia corespondenţei din 1 80 1 (păstrată la National Library Scotland -

Edinburgh, ms. 1 1 264, 1 1 266 - 1 1 267) şi a aceleia dintre 1 80 1 - 1 804 adresată lordului
Charles Stuart de Rothesey, secretarul legaţiei britanice din Viena (aflată la "Museo
Napoleonico" din Havana-Cuba, fondul fostei fundaţiei "Lobo-Olovarria") care mi-au
fost inaccesibile.
XIV
Rapoartele diplomatice din această lucrare, provenind cu
precădere de la ambasadorii britanici la Poartă, Elgin, Drummond,
Arbuthnot, Adair, Stratford Canning şi Liston prezintă un deosebit interes
pentru ilustrarea politicii Angliei în ansamblul crizei orientale agravată
după 1 806 şi pentru istoria relaţiilor anglo-române, evoluând cu
dificultate într-un climat internaţional impropriu, zguduit de războaie şi
tensiune politică în special din pricina ostilităţilor dintre Franţa şi Marea
Britanie, a slăbiciunii Porţii Otomane şi agravării antagonismelor anglo
ruse şi anglo-austriece.
Numărul mai restrâns de documente consulare provin numai de la
singurul consul englez în Principate al perioadei, Francis Summerers şi de
la locţiitorul său temporar, Ioan Marco.
Datele biografice asupra lui Summerers (sau Summerer) sunt
destul de firave şi obţinute mai ales pe căi indirecte. El s-a născut pe la
1 780, ca fiu al micului nobil german Martin von Summerer şi al
Elisabetei Teresa, născută Htibsch von Grosstahl ( 1 743 - 1 823), fiica lui
Friedrich Htibsch von Grosstahl, fost rezident al Poloniei şi Saxoniei la
Poartă, trecut apoi în serviciul Danemarcei. Elisabeta Teresa era văduva
lui Giorgio de Chirico, consul al republicii Raguza în Imperiul Otoman,
originar dintr-o cunoscută familie dragomanală. Fiul lor, Luca de Chirico
(sau Kiriko) adică fratele vitreg al lui Summerer, a funcţionat în calitate
de consul al Rusiei la Bucureşti (între 1 3 martie 1 795 şi 27 februarie
1 8 1 7)31• Amândoi, potrivit obiceiurilor împământenite în familiile
dragomanale, au fost crescuţi în confesiunea catolică şi au fost introduşi
de timpuriu în lumea ambasadelor străine din capitala Imperiului Otoman
potrivit tradiţiei existente din veacul al XVII-lea, unde aceştia serveau ca
interpreţi şi agenţi de legătură cu Poarta32 .
În februarie 1 800, lordul Thomas Elgin, ambasadorul Marii
Britanii la Poartă, a numit pe Summerers ca observator pe lângă
Alexandru vodă Moruzi, domn al Ţarii Româneşti, cu titlul de
„gentilhomme de l'ambassade" (un reprezentant al său „oficios"; vezi
documentul 46) întrucât starea de război care exista atunci, n-a îngăduit a
se da un caracter public funcţiei sale.
31 Mihail-Dimitri Sturdza, Dictionnaire historique et genealogique des grandes familles

le Grece, d 'A/banie et de Constantinopie, Paris, 1 983, p. 576 şi 5 8 1 .
32 Marie de Testa et Antoine Gautier, Drogmans et diplomates europeens aupres de la
Porte Ottomane, Istanbul, 2003, p. 9 1 - 96.
xv
Emisarul lordului Elgin era dator „să gireze afacerile guvernului
M. Sale Britanice, să se îngrijească de trecerea curierilor diplomatici şi de
transmiterea sumelor necesare în aur şi hârtie destinate forţelor britanice
din Egipt". Timp de trei ani, Summerer a trebuit să fie informat asupra
stării de spirit de la Curtea princiară din Bucureşti, despre acţiunile
agenţilor primului consul Bonaparte după încheierea păcii Franţei cu
Imperiul Otoman (25 iunie 1 802), să urmărească acţiunile paşalei rebele
de Vidin, Pazvantoglu, care a dus la un moment dat la evacuarea
Bucureştilor de către domn şi autorităţi (documentul 7).
Înaintea rechemării sale la Londra (ianuarie 1 803), lordul Elgin a
cerut insistent dregătorilor Porţii - pentru a consolida interesele britanice
la Dunărea de Jos şi în Principate, ameninţate de rivalitatea cu Franţa -
recunoaşterea oficială a lui Summerers în calitate de reprezentant consular
al Regatului Unit în ţările române, precum şi extinderea privilegiilor
comerciale engleze în bazinul Mării Negre. Răspunzând favorabil
solicitărilor lordului Elgin, sultanul Selim al III-lea a emis un berat la 23
ramazan 1 2 1 7 anul Hegirei ( 1 7 ianuarie 1 803 ), prin care a fost
recunoscută lui Francis Summerers calitatea de consul al Marii Britanii în
Ţara Românească şi Moldova, cu sediul la Bucureşti, iar la sfărşitul
aceleiaşi luni, amintita calitate a reprezentantului englez a fost adusă şi la
cunoştinţa domnilor celor două principate, respectiv Constantin Ipsilanti
şi Alexandru Moruzi (documentul 22).
Rapoartele consulare ale lui Summerers din amintita perioadă
oglindesc antagonismul anglo-francez în Principate şi Balcani,
contradicţiile ruso-turce, acţiunile răsculaţilor sârbi şi ale paşalelor rebele
de la Dunăre, atitudinea filo-rusă a lui Ipsilanti şi relaţiile sale cordiale cu
guvernul britanic, călătoria de întoarcere a ambasadorului englez la
Poartă, Sir William Drummond prin Bucureşti şi Iaşi, iniţiativele
diplomaţiei ruse pe lângă Ali paşa de !anina şi alţi dregători otomani de la
sud de Dunăre, acţiunile de jaf intolerabile ale rebelului paşă de Vidin,
Pazvantoglu (documentele 7, 24).
O deosebită atenţie a acordat Summerers - după cum era şi firesc -
activităţii consulilor francezi în Principate şi diferiţilor emisari ai lui
Bonaparte în Balcani. Astfel, într-o serie de rapoarte, el a transmis
superiorilor săi de la Berlin, Viena şi Constantinopol informaţii privind
negocierile consulului St. Luce la Vidin cu Pazvantoglu ( 1 9 noiembrie
1 803) şi pretenţiile exagerate ale paşalei rebele faţă de principatul
muntean ( 5 septembrie 1 804 ), intrigile aventurierului Gaspary de
XVI
Belleval, fost emigrant, personaj suspect în slujba Poliţiei lui Fouche,
indezirabil consulilor Marii Britanii şi Rusiei, precum şi relaţiile cordiale
întreţinute cu Constantin Vodă lpsilanti, considerat „prieten şi partizan
zelos al naţiunii engleze" (5 decembrie 1 804) (documentele 23, 3 1 , 34 ). În
timpul războiului coaliţiei a III-a împotriva lui Napoleon, Summerers a
urmărit atent la 2 8 septembrie 1 805 misiunea emisarului lui Bonaparte,
Amedee J aubert şi a secretarului de legaţie al ambasadei franceze din
Constantinopol, Pierre Parandier, trimişi în Persia spre a combate
influenţa Rusiei şi a crea dificultăţi acestei ţări şi Marii Britanii şi a
neutraliza atragerea Imperiului Otoman de partea inarhicilor Franţei 33 . În
alte rapoarte, Summerers se referă la vastele obiective pe plan balcanic
urmărite de consulatul francez din Principate, cu reşedinţa la Iaşi, condus
de Charles Frederic Reinhard, la vizita generalului Horace Sebastiani,
noul reprezentant al lui Napoleon la Poartă. Conform celor relatate de
Summerers, S ebastiani s-a dedat, în timpul prezenţei sale la Bucureşti, la
vădite manevre de intimidare a domnului, a mitropolitului Dositei Filitti şi
boierilor partizani ai Rusiei, ameninţându-i cu dizgraţia prea puternicului
împărat al Franţei, prieten al sultanului (documentele 47, 56, 57, 5 8).
O altă serie de rapoarte ale lui Summerers din această perioadă se
referă la relaţiile sale cu membrii clerului catolic din Bucureşti şi sediile
din sudul Dunării , întrucât practicând cultul catolic ca orice dragoman
intrat în slujba puterilor străine, împărtăşea cu fratele său vitreg Luca de
Kiriko, consulul Rusiei, aceiaşi confesiune şi duceau împreună aceiaşi
politică. Consulul englez luase sub protecţia sa pe Paolo Dovanlia,
episcop de Nicopole, cu reşedinţa la Bucureşti, care trăia în mizerie şi era
bolnav ( 1 2 decembrie 1 802) şi mărturisea nunţiului apostolic la Viena,
G.A. Severoli, la 1 7 septembrie 1 803, zelul de care era animat pentru a
servi religia catolică şi despre intervenţia făcută cu pri lej ul călătoriei sale
la Russe (Rusciuk) pe lângă ayanul Ismail Tersenikoglu de a ocroti pe
misionarii Antonio di Santa Maria şi Fortunato del Santissimo-Salvatore,
trimişi în Bulgaria. Alte rapoarte se refereau la decesul episcopului
Dovanlia (7 iulie 1 804) şi la descrierea ceremoniei funeraliilor acestuia,
înmormântat cu cinstea cuvenită în biserica catolică (Bărăţia) din
Bucureşti. În sfărşit un alt raport al consulului englez din 1 2 septembrie
1 804 se referea la marele incendiu care a pustiit centrul oraşului Bucureşti
33 Vezi asupra situaţiei generale a sud-estului european în acea epocă monografia lui
Armand Goşu, la troisieme coalition antinapoleonienne et la Sublime Porte, 1805,
Istanbul, 2003, 1 86 p. + 29 anexe documentare.
XVII
la 8 septembrie, distrugând şi biserica Bărăţia (documentele 8, 20, 26, 28,
33) 34.
Odată cu izbucnirea războiului ruso-turc (22 noiembrie 1 806) şi cu
strămutarea operaţiilor militare pe teritoriul românesc, activitatea lui
Summerers, îngreunată de evenimentele politico-militare în curs de
desfăşurare, a devenit destul de precară. Rapoartele sale adresate
ambasadorului britanic la Poartă, Charles Arbuthnot, s-au mărginit mai
mult la relatarea luptelor şi evoluţiei situaţiei din Principate pe care Rusia,
la un moment dat (29 decembrie 1 806), avusese de gând a le reuni sub
cârmuirea lui Constantin Ipsilanti (documentul 72). Contraofensiva
trupelor otomane de sub comanda lui Mustafa Bairaktar din vara anului
1 807 şi eventualitatea reocupării Bucureştilor de către otomani a provocat
un adevărad exod al populaţiei din capitală ca şi al autorităţilor locale şi al
corpului consular. Cu acest prilej , Summerers a părăsit Bucureştii (iunie
1 807) pentru a nu se mai reîntoarce vreodată aici; s-a refugiat mai întâi la
Braşov, apoi la Sibiu, de unde s-a adresat la 1 4/26 iunie 1 807 căpeteniei
insurgenţilor sârbi Gheorghe Petrovici Kara (Cerni) Gheorghe,
anunţându-i plecarea din Ţara Românească şi necesitatea de a împiedica
trecerea prin Balcani a emisarului lui Napoleon spre Persia, generalul
Paul Louis Gardane, spre a nu implica această ţară în conflictul european
(documentul 80). Din pricina ruperii relaţiilor diplomatice între Marea
Britanie şi Poartă, în urma intervenţiei flotei engleze la Strâmtori în
favoarea Rusiei, consulatul britanic din Bucureşti a rămas fără titular, iar
afacerile curente au fost girate de locţiitorul provizoriu al lui Summerers,
dragomanul Ioan Marco, până la 1 8 1 4, cu care cel dintâi, refugiat pentru o
vreme la Viena apoi în insula Malta, a menţinut contacte sporadice
(documentele 8 1 - 84) . Situaţia materială a lui Summerers fiind j alnică,
nedispunând de nici un venit, a fost nevoit în contul ambasadorului
-
Arbuthnot - să se împrumute cu 30 lire sterline de la Casa Pohn C0 Prior

spre a pleca la Londra să-şi pledeze cauza. Ajuns la Londra Summerer a
început să poarte o discuţie disperată cu autorităţile spre a-şi recupera
sumele datorate în contul salariilor şi a cheltuielilor extraordinare făcute,
pentru care împrumutase banii de la bancheri constantinopolitani. Contul
datoriilor sale se ridica la enorma sumă de 9.550 f pentru care se justifica
prin conturi amănunţite înaintate Trezoreriei britanice ( 1 3 februarie 1 809)
34Vezi Francisc Pall, Les consuls des puissances etrangeres et le clerge catholique en
Valachie au debut du XIX siecle, în "Melanges de l'ecole roumaine en France", Paris,
XV ( 1 939 - 1 940), nr. 2, p. 2 1 5-23 8.
XVIII
(documentul 96 şi anexe). La 6 iulie 1 809 Summerers se adresează
guvernului britanic, arătând că deşi i s-au plătit datoriile de aproape
1 O.OOO de lire sterline făcute în timpul activităţii sale de consul în
Principatele Dunărene, totuşi mai era dator cu dobânzile pentru sumele
împrumutate de la diferiţi negustori străini pentru acoperirea cheltuielilor
făcute pentru întreţinerea sa. De data aceasta consulul n-a mai avut câştig
de cauză (documentele 1 1 5, 1 24) ; de aceea el a cerut premierului
Wellesley la 24 iulie 1 8 1 O permisiunea de a pleca din Anglia şi de a se
angaja la Constantinopol în armata marelui vizir Yusuf Ziya paşa
(documentul 1 28). De fapt, el s-a dus în Imperiul Otoman doar spre a-şi
găsi un rost şi reluând legăturile cu Bartolomeo (Berto) Pisani, primul
dragoman al ambasadei britanice de la Constantinopol, i-a devenit ginere
însurându-se în 1 8 1 4 cu fiica acestuia Aloysia ( 1 782- 1 85 1); el îndeplinea
acum modesta slujbă de dragoman al ambasadei Regatului Sardiniei la
Poartă35 . Târziu, la 25 octombrie 1 822, el încearcă să reamintească
Foreign Office-ului „marile servicii" pe care le-a adus Marii Britanii în
timpul exercitării funcţiei sale de consul al acestei ţări în Principate36 .
După această dată nu mai deţinem nici o ştire despre Summerers şi nici
data decesului său37•
Dacă acestea au fost documentele legate de activitatea primului
consul britanic în Principate, grosul documentelor adunate în acest volum
provin de la ambasadorii Regatului Unit acreditaţi la Poartă şi a
înverşunatei lupte duse împotriva Franţei lui Napoleon, care-şi făurise un
puternic imperiu în Europa şi izbutise să dejoace planurile adversarilor
sai, înfrângându-i pe rând, în pofida coaliţiilor făurite împotriva sa. Criza
orientală izbucnită cu violenţă în 1 806 s-a datorat ingerinţelor Franţei ce
au determinat la mazilirea de către sultan a domnilor Ţări i Româneşti şi
Moldovei, Constantin Ipsilanti şi Alexandru Moruzi la 25 august 1 806
(documentul 59). Această iniţiativă contrară principiilor hotărâte prin
35 M. D. Sturdza, op. cit., p. 589. Unicul său fiu, Anton von Summerer ( 1 8 1 5 - 1 888) a
fost dragoman al Austriei la Poartă (Ibidem, p. 597).
36 Radu R. Florescu, The struggle against Russia in the Roumanian Principalities, I 82 I
- 1854, Mtinchen, 1 962, p. 297 - 298, doc. IV.
37 Mai vezi şi Paul Cernovodeanu, Relaţiile comerciale româno-engleze în contextul
politicii orientale a Marii Britanii (1803 - I 878), Cluj-Napoca, 1 986, p. 22 - 24, 34, 35
şi 4 1 . Pentru originile lui Surnmerers şi relaţiile de .rudenie cu Kiriko, vezi M. D.
Sturdza, op. cit. , p. 575 - 576 şi Paul Cernovodeanu, The cosmopolitan world of the
Levantine dragomans of Constantinople (eighteenth-nineteenth centuries), în "Historical
Yearbook'', Bucharest, vol. II, 2005, p. 54 şi arborele genealogic, p. 60.
XIX
hatişeri ful sultanului din 24 septembrie 1 80238 a provocat imediat reacţia
violentă a Rusiei, prin ambasadorul ei la Poartă, Andrei Iakovlevici
Italinski, secondat de colegul său britanic, Charles Arbuthnot. De teama
acutizării conflictului, Poarta a revocat măsurile luate, încercând
restabilirea vechilor domni, sultanul Selim al Iii-lea s-a adresat chiar
regelui Marii Britanii, George al Iii-lea, la 1 9 decembrie 1 806, dar
zarurile erau aruncate. Ţarul Alexandru I, hotărât să rezolve manu militari
problema orientală, a dat dovadă de o deosebită agresivitate şi a dat
dispoziţii trupelor ruse să invadeze Principatele (documentele 68, 69, 7 1 ) .
Orice încercări d e aplanare a conflictului d e către ambasadorul englez
Arbuthnot nu au dat nici un rezultat, ba dimpotrivă el a fost antrenat să ia
partea Rusiei. Acest fapt a dus la ruperea relaţiilor diplomatice ale
guvernului de la Londra, iar Arbuthnot a părăsit capitala Imperiului
Otoman, la 3 martie 1 807, retrăgându-se în insula Malta (documentul 77),
după un atac eşuat al flotei comandate de amiralul Sir John Duckworth în
strâmtoarea Dardanele39 .
Prăbuşirea celei de-a patra coaliţii împotriva lui Napoleon, prin
capitularea Prusiei, a izolat complet Rusia pe continent şi a obligat la o
înţelegere cu Napoleon. Întâlnirea celor doi împăraţi, Napoleon şi
Alexandru I de la Tilsit (7 iulie 1 807), a dus la o completă răsturnare a
situaţiei, Rusia aderând la blocada continentală şi rupând relaţiile cu
Marea Britanie. Totodată, prin intervenţia Franţei, Imperiul Otoman, unde
avusese loc o răscoală a ienicerilor şi izgonirea sultanului Selim al 111-lea
înlocuit la tron cu vărul său Mustafa al IV-lea (29 mai 1 807), a încheiat cu
Rusia an:nistiţiul de la Slobozia (24 august 1 807), prin care această putere,
favorizată de Napoleon, menţinea în continuare Principatele sub ocupaţia
militară în scopul - foarte strategic - de a le anexa40 .
38 Mai recent vezi Marian Stroia, Promulgarea de către Poartă a hatişerifurilor din
septembrie 1802 şi acţiunea Rusiei, în "Revista istorică", serie nouă, 5 ( 1 994 ), nr. 7 - 8,
p. 7 1 1 -727; idem, Românii, marile puteri şi sud-estul Europei (1800 - 1830), Bucureşti,
2003 , p. 49-50
3 9 Amănunte la William James, Naval History of Great Britain, London, vol. IV, p. 296
-3 1 3 .
40 J. E . Driault, L a question d'Orient en 1807. L'armistice de Slobodzie, în "Revue
d'histoire diplomatique", XIV ( 1 900), p . 4 1 0 - 45 1 şi XXXXV ( 1 90 1 ), p. 5 1 - 68;
Vladimir Mischeva, Moldova în politica marilor puteri la începutul secolului al XIX-iea,
Chişinău, 1 999, p. 75 - 77; Leonid Boicu, Principatele Române în raporturile politice
internaţionale (1792 - 1821) (ed. îngrijită de Victor Spinei), Iaşi, 2001, p. 1 96 - 1 98.
XX
În faţa acestei situaţii complicate şi nedorite cabinetul englez s-a
străduit să reia relaţiile cu hnperiul Otoman, căruia îi fusese întotdeauna
favorabil. O primă încercare prin trimiterea în misiune la Constantinopol
a lui Sir Arthur Paget eşuând, noul secretar al Afacerilor Externe al
cabinetuţui de la Londra, George Canning a dat instrucţiuni speciale în
iunie 1 808 ministrului britanic rezident la Viena, Robert Adair, să se
deplaseze la Constantinopol şi să poarte tratative de pace. Dar în hnperiul
Otoman au continuat tulburările, sultanul Mustafa al IV-lea fiind detronat
şi înlocuit cu fratele său Mahmud al II-lea (28 iulie 1 808), iar marele vizir
Mustafa Bairaktar, înlăturat de la putere s-a sinucis ( 1 5 noiembrie 1 808).
După aceea s-au reluat convorbirile de pace dintre Robert Adair şi
dregătorul otoman Seyd Mehmed Emin Vaahid Efendi („Nişhamci'',
purtător de sigiliu). Diplomatul englez explica la 1 3 decembrie 1 808
interlocutorului său otoman că înşelăciunile lui Bonaparte nu pot asigura
Porţii restituirea Principatelor ocupate de ruşi şi că aceştia nu pot fi scoşi
de acolo decât prin forţă. Izolarea Turciei era, astfel, agravată prin starea
de război cu Marea Britanie. Necesitatea pentru Poartă de a încheia o pace
în termeni rezonabili cu englezii a fost discutată şi de premierul Canning
cu trimisul extraordinar otoman la Londra, Sidki efendi. Într-o scrisoare
adresată la 1 0 februarie 1 809 de Robert Adair ministrului Afacerilor
Externe al Austriei, contele Johann Phillip Karl von Stadion -
Thaunhausen, se făceau unele comentarii în privinţa statutului hărăzit
Principatelor şi speculaţiile create în legătură cu intenţiile Londrei de a
pune Rusia, în cazul rămânerii ei în alianţă cu Napoleon, în faţa unei
eventuale alianţe între otomani, Austria, Anglia şi Suedia îndreptată
împotriva ei. În urma unor negocieri sinuoase şi pline de dificultăţi s-a
izbutit la 5 ianuarie 1 809 să se încheie pacea de la Dardanele41 între
Marea Britanie şi hnperiul Otoman prin restabilirea vechilor relaţii de
prietenie în virtutea Capitulaţiilor (documentele 89 - 95). Situaţia se
menţine în sud-estul european instabilă. Ruşii se străduiesc din toate
puterile să treacă Dunărea şi să dea o lovitură decisivă adversarilor lor
fără rezultat, însă. Anul 1 809 s-a scurs cu ivirea altor complicaţii :
izbucnirea războiului coaliţiei a V-a împotriva lui Napoleon reunind
Marea Britanie, Austria şi Spania încheiat prin înfrângerea dezastruoasă a
Austriei (4 octombrie) şi urmat de dorinţa lui Napoleon de a intra în
rândul caselor suverane europene prin căsătoria sa cu arhiducesa Maria
41 Amănunte la Sir Robert Adair, Negociation for the peace of Dardanelles, voi. I,
Londra, 1845,passim.
XXI
Luiza, fiica împăratului Francisc I (documentele 1 20, 1 40). Ambasadorul
Adair atrage atenţi a Porţii la 26 ianuarie 1 8 1 O prin Mehmed Sa'id Gaalib
Efendi, reis efendi, asupra politicii nesincere a lui Napoleon care-şi
mani festase aprobarea pentru anexarea Principatelor Dunărene şi a
Finlandei de către Rusia în faţa Adunării Legislative de la Paris şi în
acelaşi timp împingea pe turci să lupte mai departe împotriva ruşilor.
Totodată, diplomatul englez făcea cunoscut la 1 3 martie 1 8 1 O răspunsul
negativ al Porţii faţă de propunerea de pace înaintată de Petersburg prin
inte1mediul diplomatului danez baronul Anton Friedrich von Htibsch ca
otomanii să le cedeze Principatele. Totodată Adair comunica indirect cu
cercurile politice din Rusia prin intermediul reprezentanţilor Regatului
Siciliei la St. Petersburg şi la Poartă, respectiv Antonio Maresca, duce de
Serra Capriolo şi Costantino, conte Ludolt42 , care insistau la rândul lor
pentru încheierea păcii prin cedarea Principatelor Dunărene către ruşi ( 1 0
februarie 1 8 1 O). Intermedierea interesantă a reprezentanţilor napolitani
n-a avut darul de a convinge Poarta la vreo cesiune, totuşi aceste canale
de comunicaţie au fost păstrate de englezi spre a putea avea ştiri despre
intenţiile ţarului . Ambasadorul Adair a mers chiar mai departe cu
concesiile de a scoate Rusia din războiul cu otomanii şi a o pregăti pentru
conflictul care se contura tot mai precis cu Franţa lui Napoleon şi în acest
sens a înaintat La 23 martie 1 8 1 O unele sugestii Cabinetului britanic ca
Imperiul Rom anovilor să primească din partea Angliei drept compensaţii
teritoriale în locul Principatelor, colonii în zona Indiilor occidentale din
Marea Caraibelor, ofertă respinsă însă cu indignare de guvernul de la
Londra (documentele 1 1 7, 1 1 8, 1 1 9). Încleştările ruso-turce de la Dunărea
de Jos n-au dus la nici un rezultat definitiv, ruşii nefiind în stare să
zdrobească pe turci la sud de Dunăre. iar aceştia dovedindu-se incapabili
să iniţieze o contraofensivă serioasă la nordul fluviului. Din nou Robert
Adair înaintează guvernului britanic la 5 iulie 1 8 1 O condiţii le de pace
oferite cu obstinaţie de ruşi Porţii Otomane cu pretenţii maximale:
cedarea Principatelor (Moldova, Basarabia, Ţara Românească) şi a unor
teritorii în Cuban, independenţa Serbiei şi a Gruziei, despăgubiri de război
de 40.000 de pungi (cca 1 milion de lire sterline) şi ocup area malului
drept al Dunării până la încheierea plăţii. Aceste condiţii oneroase au fost
respinse cu indignare de către sultanul Mahmud al II-lea (documentul
1 25). Pe de altă parte l a 1 5 iulie 1 8 1 O, Adair transmitea Foreign Office-
42 Amănunte la Massimiliamo Pezzi, A::.pettando la pace. Jl levante ottomano nei

documenti diplomatici napolitani (1806- 1812), Napoli, 1 992, p. 1 1 9 - 1 36.
XXII
ului ştiri obţinute de la Viena prin ministrul sicilian la Poartă, contele
Ludolf, din care reieşea opoziţia fermă a Austriei la planurile de anexiune
a Principatelor de către Rusia şi desminţea informaţiile potrivit cărora
imperialii ar fi dorit să obţină în compensaţie Oltenia43 , aceiaşi opoziţie
era reiterată şi într-altă depeşă trimisă la 7 august 1 8 1 O de ministrul ad
interim al Marii Britanii la Poartă, Charles Stratford Canning ( 1 786 -
1 880)44 , vărul cunoscutului politician şi viitor ministru secretar de stat la
externe, deţinătorului de atunci al acestui portofoliu, lordului Richard
Wellesley (documentele 1 27, 1 30). Toamna anului 1 8 1 0 nu aduce nici un
eveniment decisiv pe frontul de la Dunăre unde o contraofensivă otomană
este oprită iar reis efendi, Mehmed Said Gaalib Efendi, cere la
1 4 octombrie 1 8 1 O, intervenţia flotei engleze din Baltica ca o
contrapondere la atacurile ruse la Dunăre. Totodată, intervenţia
ambasadorului Prusiei la Petersburg, baronul Friedrich Heinrich von
Schladen pe lângă colegul său de la Istanbul, baronul Heinrich von
Werther, spre a convinge Poarta să cedeze Principatele ruşilor, nu are nici
un efect45 . Acelaşi statu-quo al situaţiei este descris pe larg de Str.
Canning lordului Wellesley la 2 ianuarie 1 8 1 1 prin care englezii caută să
convingă Poarta de abordarea lucidă a situaţiei şi respingerea oricărei
oferte interesate austro-franceze, care vor să menţină Imperiul Otoman în
stare de război cu Rusia (documentele 1 34, 1 36). Între timp, continuă
tatonările de pace prin intermediul diplomaţilor napolitani, Sierra
Capriola şi Ludolf, iniţiatori ai canalului deschis între Londra şi St.
Petersburg, precum şi consultările între Stratford Canning şi reis-efendi
(documentele 1 3 7 1 40). Insuccesele ruşilor incapabili de a forţa decizia
,
în favoarea lor, duce la o nouă schimbare a Comandamentului trupelor,

preluat acum de generalul Mihail Ilarionovici Kutuzov (documentul 1 42).
43 Harold Heppner, Osterreich and die Donaufiirstentrumer 1774 - 1812. Ein Beitrag
zur habsburgischen Siidosteuropa politik, Graz, 1 984 (în trad. rom. Austria şi
Principatele Dunărene (1774-1812). O contribuţie la politica sud-est europeană a
Habsburgilor, Cluj, 2000).
44 Pentru viaţa şi activitatea acestui celebru diplomat a se consulta mai cu seamă
monografiile lui Stanley, Lane, Pvole, The Life of the R. H. Stratford Canning Viscount
Stratford de Redcliffe, London, 1 888, 2 voi.; E. F. Malcolm - Smith, The Life of
Stratford Canning, London, 1 933; Leo G. Byrne, The Great Ambassador. A Study of the
Diplomatic career of the Right Honorable Stratford Canning . . . to the Sublime Porte of
the Ottoman Sultan, <Columbus>, Ohio State Univ. Press, 1964, X+ 393 p., etc.
45 Ioan Iarcuţchi, Vladimir Mischevca, Pacea de la Bucureşti (din istoria diplomatică a
încheierii tratatului de pace ruso-turc de la 16128 mai 1812), Chişinău, 1 993, p. l 05- 1 06.
XXIII
Tatonările de pace de la Bucureşti dintre ruşi, având ca delegat pe fostul
diplomat ltalinski şi turci, conduşi de Hamid efendi din vara anului 1 8 1 1
nu duc la nici un rezultat (documentul 1 43). Hărţuirea adversarilor la
Dunărea de Jos continuă, după unele succese iniţiale turcii sunt respinşi
de ruşi iar marele vizir Ahmed paşa este constrâns să încheie un armistiţiu
la Giurgiu şi să accepte la 1 8 noiembrie 1 8 1 1 cedarea părţii de răsărit a
Moldovei până la S iret către Poartă, cu Gurile Dunării şi alte teritorii în
Caucaz. Tranzacţia este, însă, net refuzată de sultan (documentele 1 47,
1 48). Poarta vine cu contarpropuneri care la rândul lor sunt respinse de
ruşi : cedarea Moldovei până la Prut, cu păstrarea fortăreţelor de la Ismail
şi Chilia ( 1 5 decembrie 1 8 1 1 ). Negocierile au fost strămutate însă la
Bucureşti, semnându-se chiar un armistiţiu între beligeranţi ( 1 1 ianuarie
1 8 1 2)46• Kutuzov a acceptat propunerile Porţii de a primi „drept
compensaţie teritorială", Moldova doar până la Prut, ofertă pentru care
cabinetul imperial a mustrat pe generalissim obligându-l să accepte din
partea Porţii cedarea Moldovei până la Siret, teritorii în Caucaz, amnistie
pentru sârbi şi reînnoirea privilegiilor Rusiei în Ţara Românească
(documentul 1 54). Tratativele ruso-turce au intrat din nou în impas, iar
Stratford Canning revine cu insistenţa de moderaţie pe lângă negociatorii
Italinski şi Mehmed Sa'id Gaalib Efendi la 2 1 februarie 1 8 1 2 ; diplomatul
britanic face cunoscute Foreign Office-ului la 28 februarie îndemnurile
Franţei adresate Porţii prin însărcinatul ei cu afaceri, marchizul Florimond
Pons de Latour Mauborg, de a continua războiul şi a împinge pe otomani
într-un -dezastru şi mai mare (documentul 1 5 7). La 27 martie 1 8 1 2
Stratford Canning revine către Foreign Office asupra poziţiei ingrate a
Porţii în negocierile de pace cu ruşii, datorită slăbiciunii ei militare şi
prelungirii cât mai mult cu putinţă a tratativelor de la Bucureşti în vederea
obţinerii unor condiţii cât mai acceptabile de pace cu sprijinul guvernului
de la Londra. Dar premierul britanic, vicontele Robert Castlereagh, în
instrucţiunile pe care le dă lui Robert Liston tot la 27 martie 1 8 1 2 insistă
asupra faptului că Marea Britanie nu e dispusă să acorde Rusiei
46 Pentru toate acestea, vezi Armand Goşu, Preliminariile anexării Basarabiei de către
Rusia (1806 - 1812), în "Revista istorică", tom 3 ( 1 992), nr. 1 -2 , p. 97 - 1 20 şi idem,
Rusia la Dunărea de Jos. Pacea de la Bucureşti (mai 1812), în "Studii şi materiale de
istorie modernă", voi. X ( 1 996), p. 6 1 - 64, 70 -79. Vezi punctul de vedere al părţii
otomane la Fehmi, lsmail Biikraş Anda/aş masînîn Miizaheresi 1811 - 1812 (Tratativele
păcii de la Bucureşti 1 8 1 1 - 1 8 1 2), în "Belleten Tilrk Tarish Kurum Basimavi", Ankara,
1 982, nr. 1 8 1 , p. 77 - 1 20.
XXIV
compensaţii în colonii sau despăgubiri băneşti spre a renunţa la pretenţiile
ei asupra Principatelor; insistă pentru încheierea unei păci de compromis
între cei doi adversari şi cere prelungirea stării de armistiţiu; Poarta
trebuia să fie avertizată de pericolele la care ar expune-o o alianţă cu
Franţa (documentul 1 6 1 ) La 2 1 aprilie Stratford Canning relata lordului
.
Wellesley propunerile unei alianţe tripartite între Austria, Franţa şi

Imperiul Otoman împotriva Rusiei, oferite Porţii de către intemunţiul
austriac baronul von Stiirmer şi însărcinatul cu afaceri al Franţei,
marchizul de Latour Mauborg, dar şi de avertismentul dat turci lor de a nu
recurge la soluţii periculoase, ci să continue tratativele cu Rusia spre a
obţine condiţii cât mai avantajoase (documentul 1 64). Datorită primej diei
atacării Rusiei de către Franţa, cabinetul de la St. Petersburg a făcut
concesii, după cum înştiinţa Stratford Canning pe secretarul de stat Robert
Castlereagh la 7 mai, prin care accepta anexarea Moldovei doar până la
Prut, renunţarea la orice pretenţii teritoriale în Caucaz şi primea ca
suficiente o amnistie şi un regim de toleranţă pentru sârbi (documentul
1 65); pentru a alerta pe ruşi asupra pericolului încheierii unei alianţe
austro-franco-otomane îndreptată împotriva lor, diplomatul englez a
trimis în secret la Bucureşti un emisar în persoana călătorului Thomas
4
Gordon 7 ; acesta şi-a îndeplinit cu succes misiunea (documentul 1 72).
Lucrurile s-au precipitat, ţarul Alexandru I desemnând un nou comandant
militar în Principate, pe amiralul Pavel Vasilievici Ciceagov spre a-l
înlocui pe Kutuzov, dar acesta a izbutit înainte de a părăsi postul să
încheie pacea cu Poarta la 1 6/28 mai în condiţiile cele mai favorabile
momentului critic în care se afla imperiul rus: anexarea teritoriului
Moldovei dintre Prut şi Nistru cu promisiunea dărâmării de către ruşi a
cetăţilor de la Ismail şi Chilia; amnistie pentru sârbi, status-quo la graniţa
asiatică. La 1 2 iunie Stratford Canning informa pe şeful Foreig Office
ului, Castelreagh despre dezamăgirile provocate la Constantinopol din
pricina semnării tratatului de pace şi despre insistenţele Rusiei de a atrage
Imperiul Otoman într-o coaliţie anti-franceză respinse ca inoportune
(documentul 1 7 1 ). Ministrul englez informa apoi pe premier despre
ratificarea tratatului de ruso-turc de către sultan şi expedierea conţinutului
său la Londra prin intermediul călătorului Robert Ker Porter. lnsij;tenţele
depuse de contraamiralul rus Greig, sosit la Constantin�pol, de a negocia
47 Armand Goşu, Stratford Canning şi negocierile de pace de la Bucureşti (primăvara

1812). Contribuţii documentare, în voi. Studii şi cercetări de turco/agie contemporană
Oma�iu profesorului Mihai Maxim (coordonator Călin Felega), Cluj , 2004, p. 1 28 - 142.
xxv
cu lordul William Bentinck operaţii militare amfibii terestro-navale
împotriva francezilor în Dalmaţia, neagreate de Poartă şi privite cu
scepticism de Stratford Canning.
Diplomatul britanic a relatat Foreign Office-ului la 29 iunie 1 8 1 2
despre întrevederea avută la Constantinopol cu generalul suedez Johann
Henrik baron von Tawast venit cu propunerea unei încheieri cvadripartite
anglo-ruso-suedo-otomană împotriva Franţei48 . Într-adevăr, prinţul
moştenitor al Suediei, Carol Ioan, fostul general francez Bernadotte, şi-a
trădat stăpânul pe Napoleon şi a trecut de partea adversarilor săi, plănuind
o încercare de diversiune în regiunea Dalmaţiei. Planul era susţinut întru
totul de amiralul rus Ciceagov, dar privit cu mare reticenţă de otomani şi
neîncredere de către englezi. Noul ambasador al Marii Britanii, Robert
Liston, sosit la Poartă dovedea şi el un mare scepticism faţă de această
combinaţie ruso-suedeză de a implica Poarta în conflictul cu Napoleon,
care declanşase atacul său împotriva Rusiei la 24 iunie şi guvernul de la
Londra nu dorea fragmentarea forţelor coaliţiei (documentele 1 76 - 1 79).
Diplomatul britanic a socotit chiar oportun să asigure deplasarea
generalului englez Sir Thomas Wilson la St. Petersburg spre a convinge
pe ţar de inutilitatea acestor demersuri, nefiind necesar să fie agitate în
mod inutil spiritele la Poartă, cu atât mai mult cu cât englezii se luptau
pentru ca turcii să nu se lase influenţaţi de victoriile lui Napoleon şi să
redeschidă ostilităţile cu Rusia. Din fericire Liston face cunoscute lui
Castlereagh la 1 4 septembrie 1 8 1 4 rezervele Porţii faţă de promisiunile
interesate ale francezilor (documentele 1 79 - 1 80). Totuşi s-au văzut în
curând sentimentele de insatisfacţie ale Porţii pentru pacea concesivă
făcută Rusiei: schimbarea marelui vizir Ahmed paşa şi a caimacamului
său, Şahir Ahmed paşa, urmate de executarea fraţilor Moruzi, marele
dragoman Dimitrie şi a fratelui său Panaiot de către turci, sub acuzarea de
a fi trădat interesele Porţii şi a fi ascuns dregătorilor ei pregătirile
iminente de război ale lui Napoleon împotriva Rusiei în vara trecută şi
inducerea în eroare a Porţii care a cedat ruşilor Basarabia fără a fi nevoie,
pentru încheierea păcii (documentul 1 85). Planurile lui Ciceagov de a
iniţia o campanie în Balcani împotriva francezilor au eşuat i ar speranţele
turcilor ca prin intermediul diplomaţiei engleze să obţină restituirea
Basarabiei s-au dovedit zadarnice (documentele 1 8 1 - 1 84). De altfel,
după cum explica Liston lui Castlereagh la 1 2 decembrie 1 8 1 2, sugestiile
48 Idem, Suedia şi proiectul "Marii diversiuni " antinapoleoniene în sud-estul Europei

(vara anului 1 81 2), în "Destin românesc", Bucureşti - Chişinău, m. 4, 1 999, p. 2 1 - 49.
XXVI
britanicilor înaintate ţarului ca Rusia să obţină recunoştinţa Porţii prin
retrocedarea Basarabiei sau chiar unei părţi ale sale nu au fost deloc
agreate la St. Petersburg şi autorităţile ţariste n-au mai revenit asupra
acestei probleme socotind-o încheiată.
Marea criză orientală, desfăşurată de-a lungul aproape a unui
deceniu în sud-estul european, a luat sfărşit odată cu ieşirea Rusiei la
Gurile Dunării şi preluarea pentru prima oară sub stăpânire a unui pământ
creştin. Prin anexarea unei părţi din Moldova, Principatele au fost cele ce
au plătit prin „compensaţii" politica de echilibru între marile puteri şi
veleităţile nestăvilite de expansiune ale Rusiei ce au fost reprimate în
Caucaz dar au avut câştig de cauză în Europa. Scopurile engleze de a
stăvili accesul Rusiei la Mediterana au fost îndeplinite temporar, dar cu
preţul amputării Moldovei de partea ei răsăriteană cu Gurile Dunării, ceea
ce a acutizat şi mai mult relaţiile dintre Londra şi St. Petersburg, atingând
paroxismul câteva decenii mai târziu, odată cu izbucnirea Războiului
Crimeii.
Volumul de rapoarte diplomatice şi consulare engleze din perioada
1 800 - 1 8 1 2 însumează 1 86 documente (transcrise în întregime,
fragmentar sau rezumativ) fără a include în acest număr anexele.
Maj oritatea covârşitoare a documentelor provine de la Public Record
Office, Foreign Office, fondul Turkey iar 1/5 din fondul Marii Postelnicii
a Ţării Româneşti şi a Moldovei din arhiva Ministerului Afacerilor
Externe şi Biblioteca Academiei Române. Documentele, transcrise după
normele ştiinţifice în vigoare, au fost redate în original în limbile engleză,
franceză, italiană, germană şi română. Lucrării îi sunt anexate un
repertoriu al documentelor incluse în cuprinsul volumului şi un indice
general toponomastic.
XXVII
TEXTELE DOCU MENTELOR
Constantinopol, 1800, februarie 1 7
Lordul Thomas Elgin, ambasador al Marii Britanii la

Constantinopol, către Secretarul de Stat pentru Afacerile Externe,
William Wyndham, lord Grenville, despre influenţa crescândă a Rusiei la
Poartă şi rolul ei în alegerea domnilor Moldovei şi ai Ţării Româneşti.
Atitudinea duplicitară a ambasadorului ţarului, Vassili Stepanovici
Tamara, care bucurându-se de o mare autoritate la Constantinopol,
subminează în ascuns poziţiile Angliei în Imperiul Otoman; reînnoirea
capitulaţiilor cu Marea Britanie, fără ştirea diplomatului rus. Eforturile
depuse de Elgin pentru a nu înrăutăţi raporturile cu Tamara şi de a-şi
desfăşura activitatea în spiritul triplei alianţe anglo-ruse-turce.
Constantin op le .
Feb<ruary> 1 ? 1h 1 800
Most Secret
My Lord,
. . . . Arnong the most powerful sources of influence which Russia

possesses in this country is the Veto it exercises, and the consequent
weight it bas in the choice of the Princes of Wallachia and Moldova -
places unequalled in the world, with respect to pecuniary emoluments;
and, in most cases given as promotion to the Dragoman of the Porte. This
fact, and a very unfavourable judgment passed upon the present
Dragoman by M. Tamara, on my arrival, called my attention early to that
Gentleman; and to my astonishment I now find (tho' without any further
explanation from my Colleague) that he is entirely and exclusively
devoted to the Russian interest: - comrnunicates every thing to the
1
Mission; and being the common Organ, gives to C<oun>t Tamara a
degree of advantage at the Porte, which no other individual could convey.
At this moment the Reis Effendi also carries his complaisance to
the Russian Minister a great length; and as no other Power but Russia has
now any regular intercours with the Porte; and M. Tamara being the only
individual who has had a knowledge of the various occurrences to which I
allude, I cannot be wrong in attributing to that Quarter the continuai
oppositions which I meet with and which descend to such trifles as could
not deserve the notice of any one who was not engaged in a systematic
plan of counteracting the general influence of England. Many of the
instances which I could cite are so very personal that they could have no
object except that of disgusting me. Similar attempts have been directed
against Sir Sidney Smith, Gen<era>l Koehler, and all the English Officers
and Men of the Party. But besides attempts of that description, I may
mention that the attentions shewn on all former occasions to
Extraordinary Embassies, such as public dinners with the Turkisch
Ministers, altho ' they were formally determined upon at my arrival, have
been over-ruled; every delay has been used in ftimishing me with papers
from the Porte; and the Reis Effendi today, in giving to the English
Ambassador the capitulation made by Sir Sidney Smith, and the other
Parties, requested my Dragoman not to acknowledge to the Russian
Mission that he head done so, as the Russians (who were not Parties in the
transaction) had not yet received it from him. Difficulties have been
thrown in the was of the Officers, when acting as Messengers from me -
Indeed were it not for the Fees of Office, which are paid on all matters of
cument business relative to Commerce &., I doubt whether any thing
could have been carried thro' . That engine is a very general and a very
sure one here.
I mention these subj ects that Your Lordship may be enabled to
understand my situation, and to point out the means of guarding against
the inconveniences that exist here: at the same time I must beg leave to
assure Your Lordship that these reflexions are withheld from every one
except ·yourself. The commission I hold makes me speak openly to you,
as well of M. Tamara, as of Sir Sidhey Smith, of General Koehler, or of
Mr. Smith; in a word, upon every point where His Maj esty's Service i s
concemed; but I trust Your Lordship will be persuaded, that in complying
with this impulse of duty, I do not neglect others, and that no personal
disappointment nor disapprobation shall make me deviate from the line
you traced for rriy conduct, or induce me tO orriit any means of acting up
to the true spirit of the Triple Alliance.
2
I shall persevere in every degree of prudent confidence, and in the
utmost intimacy with M . Tamara, and shall carefully watch, as fear at
least as I am able; the interests of Turkey.
I have the honour, &
El gin
[Adresa:] The Right Hon<ora>ble

Lord Grenville
& & &
[Pe verso:] Constantinople, Feb<ruary> 1 7/1 799

L<or>d Elgin
[Mast Secret]
R<eceived> M<ar>ch 22
Public Record Office, Foreign Office; Turkey, dos. 78/28, f. 1 50 - 1 54 v0 ,

original în 1 . engleză.
Bucureşti, 1 801, martie 26
F. Summerers, emisar în Ţara Românească al ambasadorului

britanic la Constantinopol, lordul Elgin, către Michael Merkelius, agent
consular al Imperiului habsburgic la Bucureşti, cu rugămintea de a da
dispoziţii autorităţilor de la Turnu Roşu şi din alte localităţi până la
Varna, pentru urgentarea : transmiterii corespondenţei diplomatice
engleze.
Academia Română, Arhiva Agenţiei austriece din Bucureşti 1 782 - 1808,

lada XL, legătura II, doc. 1 , orig. în 1. franceză; publicat de Paul
Cemovodeanu, Înfiinţarea cdnsulatului englez ·în ţările române (1803) şi
3
activitatea sa până la 1 80 7, în "Revista română de studii internaţionale",
V ( 1 97 l ) nr. 1 ( 1 1 ), p. 1 57, doc. I.
Bucureşti, 1801, mai 22
F. Summerers către agentul consular M. Merkelius, cu

rugămintea de a da satisfacţie unui stolnic Nicolae în conflictul ce-l are
cu croitorul evreu Iancu, supus austriac, pentru un costum dat de aceştia
şi declarat pierdut în timpul ultimelor răzmeriţe antisemite din Bucureşti.
Monsieur !
Le soussigne presente ses hommages a Mr. de Merkelius Agent

Im<perial> & Roy<al> et lui ( ! ) prie instamment de prendre en
consideration la j uste demande du porteur de la presente Nicolas stolnick,
qui lui appartient, en lui rendant justice sur l ' affaire suivante. Cet homme
ayant remis en Careme, a un Juif nomme Ianko, tailleur de metier, protege
de S . M. Imp<eriale> , des habits a lui coudre, j usqu'a present ne veut pas
les lui rendre, disant Ies avoir perdu dans la derniere affaire que les Juifs
ont eu avec les Vallaques & donne des mauvaises raisons pour ne pas
rendre ses habits.
J' entend <lire aussi que ce Juif Inako va partir incessament, or
dane je prie Mr. de Merkelius Agent Imp<erial> & Roy<al>, de vouloir
bien examiner cette minutie & faire en sorte que le Juif susdit ne puisse
pas partir avant la decision de ceci, vu qu' il serait inj uste qu' un pauvre
homme comme il I ' est Nicolas puisse etre la-dessus & perdre ses habits.
Le soussigne connaissant d'avance Ies sentiments d'humanite &
de bienfaisance qui caracterisent Mr. de Merkelius Agent Imp<erial> &
Roy<al>, ose se flatter, qu'il ne se refusera pas a rendre j ustice a ce
pauvre malheureux & a le contenter, vu qu'il est plonge dans le plus
grand chagrin.
J e suis en attendant avec une consideration tres distinguee
Monsieur
Votre tres humble & tres obeissant serviteur
Summerer < ! >

Bukarest 22 May 1 80 1
[Adresa:] A Monsieur
Monsieur des Merkelius Agent Imp<erial>
& Roy<al> a Bukarest
4
Academia Română, Arhiva Agenţiei austriece din Bucureşti 1 782 - 1 808,
lada XL, legătura II, doc. 2, orig. în 1. franceză.
Bucureşti, 1 801, iunie 29
F. Summerers către M. Merkelius, cu rugămintea de a acorda un

paşaport pentru Viena curierului extraordinar englez Condrillier.
Le soussigne Gentilhomme d' Ambassade de S<a> M <aj este>

Brittan<n>ique ( ! ) pres la Porte Ottomane actuellement Resident a
Bukarest, presente ses hommages a Mr. de Merkelius Agent Imp<erial>
& Roy<al> & lui ( ! ) prie instamment de lui envoyer un passeport jusqu'a
Vienne pour un Courrier (nomme Condrillier) Extraordinaire de S<a>
M<ajeste> B<ritanique> que j 'expedie pour Vienne a present. Vous
obligerez celui qui sera a j amais avec respect & consideration votre tres
humble & tres obeissant serviteur.
Summerer ( ! )
Bukarest 29 Juin 1 80 1
Adresa: Mons<ieur> de Merkelius

Agent Imp<erial> & Roy<al>

5
Bucureşti, 1 801, iulie 1 6
F. Summerers către M. Merkelius, cu rugămintea de a acorda un

paşaport curierului extraordinar englez Charles Trott, în drum spre
Londra.
Summerer ( ! ) prie instamment Mr. de Merkelisu de lui envoyer de

suite un passeport pour un de ses Courriers Extraordinaires pour Londres.
5
Mons. Charles Trott (avec un domestique)
Age 23 ans
Ne a New Castell
taille mediocre
visage ovale
cheveux bruns
Yeux bruns
Nez gros
Bukarest 1 6 Juillet 1 80 1
[Adresa:] A la tres respectueuse

Agentie de S<a> M<aj este> Imp<eriale> & Roy<ale>
en Vallachie
Bukarest
Summerer (!)

lada XL, legătura II, doc. 4, orig. în 1 . franceză.
Bucureşti, 1801, noiembrie 29
F. Summerers către M Merkelius, cu rugămintea de a interveni

pentru libera trecere în tranzit, prin Germania, a şase cai cu trei vizitii
expediaţi de ambasadorul britanic la Constantinopol, lordul Elgin, Curţii
regale engleze.
Monsieur,
L' Ambassadeur de S<a> M<ajeste> Britta<n>ique ( ! ) pres la

Porte Ottomane m' ayant addresse (!) six Chevaux & 3 palfreniers pour Ies
expedier par 1' Allemagne en Angleterre pour le service de la Cour, j e
prends l a liberte, Monsieur, de vous interompre ( ! ) par l a presente pour
6
vous prier instamment, Monsieur, de vouloir bien y ecrire le necessaire a
qui de droit pour que ces 6 chevaux puissent passer librement par (!)
transitum par I' Allemagne sans y etre moleste. Je vous prie Monsieur,
d' agreer l' assurance sincere de ma reconn' aissance pour tout ce que vous
voulez bien faire Monsieur, a cet egard & de la consideration tres
distinguee avec la quelle j ' ai l' honneur d' etre.
Monsieur,
Votre tres humble serviteur
F. M. de Summerer ( ! )
Bukarest 2 9 Novbre 1 80 1
[Adresa: ] A Monsieur
Monsieur de Merkelius
Agent Consulaire de S<a> M<ajeste) lmp<eriale>
& Roy<ale> a Bukarest

lada XL, legătura II, doc. 5 , orig. în 1 . franceză.
Braşov 1802 iulie 14
F. Summerers, fratele după mamă al consulului rus la Bucureşti

Luca de Kiriko, către Alexandru Suţu, domnul Moldovei şi caimacam al
Ţării Româneşti, exprimându-şi satisfacţia pentru venirea acestuia la
Bucureşti şi speranţa ca în urma înfrângerii rebelilor pazvangii de către
trupele otomane, să se poată întoarce în ţară spre a-şi relua funcţia.
Boierii aflaţi ca şi dânsul în refugiu la Braşov aşteaptă şi ei restabilirea
ordinii în principatul muntean spre a reveni la casele lor.
Mon Prince !
J'apprend dans ce moment avec la plus vive satisfaction par des

lettres de mon frere le Consul de Russie l 'heureuse arrivee de Votre
7
Altesse a Bukarest & je sais1s avec empressement cette occasion pour
vous en feliciter & vous temoigner, mon Prince, combien nous sommes
flattes de vous posseder en Valachie. Votre presence a Bukarest facilitera
j ' espere la rentree de quelques boyards qui se sont refugies ici & qui
n' attendent que l ' arrivee de leurs ( ! ) Hospodar pour s ' en retoumer a leurs
foyers.
Je ne saurais vous exprimer, mon Prince, combien il me pese de
devoir differer pour quelques jours mon depart pour Bukarest vu qu'une
petite indisposition en est la cause, qui me prive desormais du bonheur de
vous faire ma Cour un moment plus tât & de reprendre mes fonctions:
Je me flatte d'entendre bientât la tranquilite retablie dans la
Province et Ies rebelles repousses par Ies troupes ottomanes, ce qui
attendons avec impatience.
Je supplie Votre Altesse en attendant que j 'aye l 'honneur de faire
sa connaissance personnelle d 'agreer l ' assfirance sincere de mon
devouement & de la consideration tres distinguee avec laquelle, j 'ai
l 'honneur d' etre, Mon Prince,
De Votre Altesse
Votre tres humble & tres obeissant serviteur
Fr. de Summerers
Cronstad 1 4 juillet 1 802
Academia Română, DCI I 1 47, orig. în 1 . franceză.
Bucureşti, 1802, decembrie 1 2
F. Summerer către Gabriele Antonio Severoli, nunţiu apostolic la

Viena, recomandându-i pe Paolo Dovanlia, episcop de Nicopole, cu
reşedinţa la Bucureşti, care trăieşte în mizerie şi este bolnav.
Archivio Segreto Vaticano, Archivio delia Nunziatura di Vienna, voi.

2 1 O, fo. 3 84-3 8 5 ; orig. în 1. franceză; publicat de Francisc Pall, Les
consuls des Puissances etrangeres et le clerge catholique en Valachie au
debut du XIX siecle (avec des documents inedits), în „Melanges de
8
l'ecole roumaine en France", Bucarest, vol. XV/1 ( 1 93 9- 1 940), p. 2 1 5-2 1 6,
doc. 1 .
Constantinopol, 1 803, ianuarie 15
Lordul Th. Elgin către Secretarul de Stat pentru Afacerile

Externe, Robert Banks Jenkinson, lord Charles Hawkesbury, despre
aprobarea obţinută de la guvern şi Compania Indiilor Orientale pentru
înfiinţarea unei agenţii la Bucureşti. Obţinerea încuviinţării Porţii printr
un berat imperial. Aşteptarea instrucţiunilor privind salarizarea
titularului noului post. În anexă, scrisoarea adresată la 8 ianuarie lui
Francis Summerers la Bucureşti, referitoare la examinarea conturilor
sale de la 3 1 decembrie 1801 de către tezaurierul ambasadei britanice
din Constantinopol, Peter Tooke şi fixarea provizorie a unui salariu
anual de 4 OOO piaştri, până la adoptarea unei hotărâri definitive a
guvernului britanic.
Public Record Office, Forei� Office, Turkey, dos. 78/3 8 f. 1 1 4 - 1 1 4 v0 ,

orig.; anexa, f. 1 1 6 - 1 1 6 v0 ; copie. Publicate de P . Cernovodeanu, op.
cit. , p. 1 57 - 1 59, doc. II-III.
10
Pera, 1 803, februarie 1 O
Alexander Straton, ministru ad-interim al Marii Britanii la

Poartă, către lordul Hawkesbury despre relaţiile emisarului lui
Bonaparte, generalul Horace Sebastiani, cu Pazvantoglu, rebelul paşă de
Vidin şi încercările zadarnice de a răzvrăti pe tătarii din Basarabia
împotriva Rusiei. Dificultăţile întâmpinate de Poartă pentru a pune capăt
rebeliunii lui Pazvantoglu; atitudinea marilor puteri europene în această
problemă. A udienţele trimisului extraordinar şi ministru plenipotenţiar al
Rusiei la Poartă, Andrei /akovlevici Italinski la sultan <Se/im al 111-lea>
şi marele vizir <Iusuf Ziya paşa>.
9
Pera
February 1 oth 1 803
No. 3
My Lord,
[ . . . . ] Your Lordship is already informed of the proceedings of
Colonel Sebastiani in Egipt, as well as at Zante, nor are you i gnorant of
the Correspondence that has long been carried on between the French
Governrnent and the famous Pazwan Oglow, through the channel of tho
Agents that the Govemor of Widdin has at Paris. He is beginning afresh
to excite Commotions; and it has lately come to my knowledge not only
that attempts have been made to instil revolutionary principles into the
minds of the Tartars of Bessarabia, but that a correspondence inimica! to
this Governrnent has been discovered to exist between Pazwan Oglou and
some of the principal men of the Country.
It would no doubt be an easy task for Bonaparte to annoy and even
to overtum zhis Goverment, through the medium of Pazwan Oglou: for
what I had the honor of mentioning to Your Lordship, in my
Correspondence of last Summer, respecting the very narrow Compass
within which the effective means of the Sultan are confin'd, becomes
daily more and more visible. But I do not very well comprehend how a
Scheme of this nature could be carried into execution, without the
Concurrence of Russia, whose real interests seem to point strongly
towards thwarting similar plans; For, after all, the Turks, in the actual
reduced state of their Empire, are the best Neighbours that either of the
Imperial Courts can have; and of this, if my information be not incorrect,
the Cabinets of Vienna and Petersburgh are now fully persuaded.
The Chevalier d'Italinski had his publick Audience of the Vizir on
d
the 2 Instant and of the Sultan on the 8th . This Gentleman ' s politica!
opinions are known to Your Lordship. There indeed he makes no sample
of delivering them with equal publicity and decision; and we may, I
presume, look forward with Confidence to the beneficia! effects that are
likely to result from the Concems of the Court of Petersburg being, under
the existing Circumstances, entrusted to the maR.agement of a man of the
Chev<alier> d' ltalinski experience, Talents and Principles . . . .
[Pe verso: ] Rec<eive>d March 3 1 s t
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/39, f. 7 - 1 O; orig.

în 1. engleză.
10
11
Pera, 1 803, februarie 25
Straton către lordul Hawkesbury despre ultimele ştiri sosite din

Ţara Românească privitoare la acţiunile militare ale lui Pazvantoglu,
care se îndreaptă spre Nicopole. Teama moderată inspirată Porţii de
campania paşalei din Vidin. Solicitarea guvernului britanic de către
Poartă prin <Mahmud Raif Efendi>, reis efendi, pentru a-i vinde două
corăbii de război cu 1 8 până la 30 guri de tun sau de a permite
achiziţionarea lor de la supuşi englezi, spre a fi utilizate în Marea Roşie.
Pera
February 25 1h 1 803
No. 4
My Lord,
[ „ „] The last news from Walachia state, that Passwan Oglow had
marched towards Nicopolis, at the head pf between four and 5 OOO Men.
This step however does not seem to have created that degree of alarm at
the Porte, which the nature of the Case may fairly be said to justify; and
some warlike preparations that have, of late, been observed in the several
Departments of the Empire, rather appear to have a reference to the future
state of Egypt, than to the actual dread of the Pacha of Widdin. This
indeed, the Ottoman Ministers avow, and what gives weight to their
assertion, is a Request that the Reis Efendi has pressingly made to me, to
convey to Your Lordship the eamest wish of the Porte, that His Majesty
will be Graciously pleased, either to sell to the Sultan two ships of war, of
from 18 to 30 Guns, or to allow two Ships of that Force to be purchased
from British subj ects, for the purpose of employing them in the Red Sea . . .
[Pe verso: ] R<eceived> April 9 th
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/39 f. 22 - 25 v0 ;

orig. în 1. engleză.
11
12
Bucureşti, 1803, martie 21

F. Summerers către Andreas Gaudi, cancelistul agenţiei consulare
austriece din Bucureşti, rugându-l să-l aboneze la ediţia franceză a
periodicului "Le Courrier de Londres " pe anul curent, în condiţii
similare celor încheiate cu <Andrei Andreievici> Gervais, consulul
Rusiei la Iaşi.
11 Signor Segretario de Gaudi e pregato di voler abonnare il

Sottoscritto dal l -mo di Genaj o sino al ultimo di questo anno 1 803 della
Gazetta chiamatasi Le Courrier de Londres in francese, sotto l 'indirizzo
qui giunto del Signor de Gervais, Console Generale Russo a Jassy, et di
voler abonnarsi di maniera che la sudetta Gazetta Courrier de Londres sia
adiorizzata da Vienna a Yassy direttamente colla Posta ordinaria, che
parte due volte per seltimana e che senza ni<s>un ritardo questa Gazetta
arrivi periodicamente nelle mani del Signor de Gervais a Yassy. Le spese
del abonnamento & saranno pagate qui da me, si prega pure, che i
Pachetti siano sigillati come di Costume ( ! )
Francis Summerers
Arh. St. Sibiu, Agenţia consulară austriacă din Bucureşti 1 803, nr. inv.
39, doc. 1 , orig. în I . italiană.
13
Pera, 1 803, martie 2 2
Al. Straton către lordul Hawkesbury despre evacuarea Ţării

Româneşti de către oastea invadatoare a lui Pazvantoglu. Retragerea sa
atribuită nu atât ameninţărilor marelui vizir <Iusuf Ziya paşa> cât
avertismentelor date de consulul Rusiei la Iaşi, A. A. Gervais.
12
Pera
March 22 d 1 8 03
No. 7
My Lord,
[ . . . ] The last Letters from Walachia states that Paswan Oglou,
after a stay of near a month in that Province, has evacuated it. His retreat
is said here, to have been occasion'd by the Threats of the Vizir; but the
fact is, that he did not repass the Danube, until the menaces of the Russian
Consul at Iassy were added to those of the Turkish vice-Gerent ( ! ) 1 [ ] . • • •
1
[Pe verso: ] R<eceived> April 30 h
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 7 8/3 9, f. 45 - 49 v0 ,

original în 1 . engleză.
14
Bucureşti, 1 803, iunie 25
F. Summerers, devenit agent consular englez în Principate face

cunoscută lui M. Merkelius declaraţia de război a Marii Britanii
împotriva Franţei.
Le Soussigne ayant re<;u un Courrier de Cabinet avec la

Declaration du Gouvemement de S<a> M<ajeste> contre la France, pour
etre signifiee â toutes les Authorites constituees, il se fait un devoir en
s'acquittant de ses ordres, avoir l'honneur de communiquer â Monsieur de
Merkelius Agent Consulaire de S<a> M<ajeste> Imp<eriale> et
Roy<ale> dans la Wallachie la Declaration sousmentionnee.
Le Soussigne Consul de S<a> M<ajeste> le Roy de la Grande
Bretagne dans Ies Provinces de la Wallachie, Moldavie & leurs
dependances, saisit avec empressement de cette occasion pour assurer
Monsieur I ' Agent Consulaire de S<a> M<aj este> Imp<eriale> &
Roy<ale> de sa Haute Estime qu' il a pour lui et de sa parfaite
consideration.
Fr. Summerers
Boucarest 2 5 Juin 1 803
1 Adică caimacamului marelui vizir
13
lada XL, legătura II, doc. 6, orig. în 1 . franceză.
15
Bucureşti, 1 803, august 1 O
F. Summerers către nunţiul G. A. Severoli, cu rugămintea de a

transmite mai multe scrisori la Roma şi de a înlocui pe Ambrosio Bahici,
preot al comunităţii catolice din Bucureşti, cu Luigi Landi, prefect al
minoriţilor conventuali din Moldova.
Archivio Segreto Vaticano, Archivio delia Nunziatura di Vienna, vol.

2 1 0, fo. 1 25 - 1 25 v0 ; orig. italian; publicat de F. Pall, op. cit., p. 260-2 1 7,
doc. 2.
16
F. Summerers către cardinalul Stefano Borgio, prefectul

Propagandei Fide, declarându-şi fidelitatea şi ataşamentul faţă de religia
catolică şi interesele Bisericii în răsăritul Europei.
Archivio della Sacra Congregazione di Propaganda Fide di Roma, Scritture

riferite nei Congressi, Bulgaria e Vallachia, voi. VID, 1 798 - 1 8 1 5 ,
fo . 73-73 v0 ; orig. italian; publicat de F . Pall, op. cit. , p. 2 1 8-2 1 9, doc. 3 .
17
F. Summerers către cardinalul Stefano Borgia, mulţumindu-i

pentru posibilitatea de a beneficia de o capelă pentru rugăciune la
domiciliu şi cerând înlocuirea preotului A. Bahici cu misionarul minorit
L. Landi.
14
2 1 0, fo. 1 24- 1 24 v0 ; copie în italiană; publicată de F. Pall, op. cit. , p. 2 1 9-
22 1 , doc. 4.
18
Bucureşti, 1803, august 1 1
F. Summerers către nunţiul G. A . Severoli, dându-i informaţii

generale asupra situaţiei misionarilor catolici din Moldova.

2 1 0, fo. 1 50 v0 ; copie în italiană; publicată de F. Pall, op. cit. , p. 222 -
-
223 , doc. 5 .
19
Rusciuk, 1803, august 1 6
F. Summerers, către Honorius Georg Gaudi, cancelistul agenţiei

imperiale la Bucureşti, cu rugămintea de a acorda un paşaport curierului
englez Peter Barchard în drum spre Viena.
Sig<nore> Gaudi Carissimo,
Trovandomi per qualche affare qui, la prego da dare un Passaporto

per Vienna all S . Peter Barchard, Coriere inglese che spedico în Vienna,
menta non avendo io qua delle Passaporti miei, la prego da supplire con
un della loro Agenzia.
Sono sempre
H<umi>le Servo
Francis Summerers
Rusciugh Dominica 1 6 Agosto
[Pe verso:] Mr. de Gaudi

Fr. Summerers
[Mai j os] : Press. 29 Aug. 1 803
15
lada XL, legătura II, doc. 7, orig. în 1. italiană.
20
Bucureşti, 1803, septembrie 1 7
F. Summerers către nunţiul G. A. Severoli, mărturisindu-i zelul de

care este animat pentru a servi religia catolică şi despre intervenţia
făcută cu prilejul călătoriei sale la Rusciuk (Russe) pe lângă ayanul
lsmail Tersenikoglu de a ocroti pe misionarii Antonio di Santa Maria şi
Fortunato de! Santissimo Salvatore, trimişi în Bulgaria.
Archivio Segreto Vaticano, Archivio delia Nunziatura di Vienna, voi. 2 1 O,

fo. 3 82 - 383; orig. francez; publicat de F. Pall, op. cit. , p. 223-224, doc. 6.
21
Bucureşti, 1803, septembrie 1 7
F. Summerers către cardinalul Stefano Borgio, anunţându-l de

sosirea la Bucureşti a noilor misionari trimişi în Bulgaria şi intervenţia
făcută în favoarea lor pe lângă ayanul Tersenikoglu.
Archivio della Sacra Congregazione di Propaganda Fide di Roma,

Scritture riferite nei Congressi, Bulgaria e Vallachia, ,voi. VIII, 1 798 -
1 8 1 5, fo. 79 - 80 v; orig. francez; publicat de F. Pall, op. cit. , p. 224-226,
doc. 7.
22
Bucureşti, 1 803, noiembrie 1 O
F. Summerers către lordul Hawkesbury despre importanţa

înfiinţării unui consulat britanic la Bucureşti, desfăşurând o dublă
activitate, economică şi politică. În anexă:
1) Memoriu înaintat Direcţiei Companiei Indiilor Orientale
privind utilitatea funcţionării unei reprezentanţe diplomatice şi
comerciale engleze în Principate;
16
2) Memoriu adresat guvernului britanic în aceiaşi problemă,
insistându-se mai ales asupra aspectelor de ordin politic;
3) Copie a beratului sultanului Se/im al III-iea din 23 ramazan
121 7 (= 1 7 ianuarie 1 803) recunoscând lui F. Summerers calitatea de
consul general al Marii Britanii în Principate,·
4) Copie a firmanului adresat de sultan la sfârşitul lunii ramazan
121 7 ( ianuarie 1803) domnilor Ţării Româneşti şi Moldovei,
=
aducându-le la cunoştinţă încuviinţarea dată pentru deschiderea unui

consulat britanic în Principate.
British Library, Departament of Manuscripts, Catalogue Additional

38239, fo. 1 07 - 1 53 v0 , texte franceze; publicate de P. Simionescu şi
Radu Valentin, Documents inedits concernant la creation du consulat
britannique a Bucarest (1 803), în "Revue Roumaine d'Histoire", VIII
( 1 969), nr. 2, p. 245-262.
23
Bucureşti, 1803, noiembrie 19
F. Summerers către Francis James Jackson, ministru

plenipotenţiar şi trimis extraordinar al Marii Britanii la Berlin, despre
călătoria sa la Rusciuk şi vizita făcută ayanului Terr;enikoglu. Proiectul
comisarului francez la Bucureşti, Sainte-Luce, de a se întâlni cu
Pazvantoglu la Vidin. Pretenţiile acestuia din urmă de a primi din Ţara
Românească o mare cantitate de sare, provizii şi daruri bogate. Mutarea
vice-consulului francez din Iaşi, Louis Joseph Parant, la Varna, în
calitate de comisar pentru relaţiile comerciale.
Bouccarest, le 1 9 Novembre 1 803
Monsieur 1 ' Envoye !
Je ne saurais par ce courrier cacheter mes Lettres pour Votre

Excellence, sans avoir 1 'honneur de Lui communiquer en meme tems,
que le Commissaire S<ain>te Luce avoit concu demierement le Plan sous
pretexte de visiter Ies Bords du Danube, de passer â Widinn et faire une
visite â Pasvandoglu: ce Commissaire ayant vil que moi j 'avois ete
demierement â Rouscingh ( ! ) chez S<on> E<xcellence> Tersem'cloglou
( ! ), et qu'il m'avoit tres bien recu il soupyonna que j 'y avois ete pour
intriguer ·contre Pasvandoglou, il a saisi cette occasion pour ecrire de cela
17
a l ' Ambassadeur Brune a Cons<tantino>ple, pour qu'il l' authorise dans
ce cas de passer de belle maniere a Widin pour assurer Pasvandoglou de
la Protection de la France, et pour l'exasperer contre Tersem'cloglou, et
par consequent contre les interets de la Porte; mais le Prince de la
Wallachie ayant appris par Ste Luce meme, qu' il comptoit faire un tour
aux Bords du Danube, le pria et lui conseilla de ne pas le faire, vil que ce
seroit la maniere de faire parler aupres de la Porte, et qu'il croyoit etre
dans le cas de lui conseiller a ne pas entreprendre ce Voyage sans une
necessite absolue. Il paroît que ce Commissaire s 'est desiste de ce Plan,
vu qu' il l'aura laisse a une Epoque plus agreable a faire ce Voyage.
Pasvandoglou quoique tres tranquille ( ! ) dans ce moment, vu qu'il
a epuise ses forces et ses Richesses, continue a demander a la Wallachie
mille petites choses, entre autres une grande quantite de Sel, et des
Provisions, et quantite d' autres presents de grande Valeur; le Prince se
trouve dans le cas de lui accorder tout ce que moralement lui es ( ! )
possible de donner.
Mr. Parant Ex Vice-Consul de France a Yassy, ayant ete nomme
par le P<remi>er Consul, Commissaire des Relations Commerciales a
Warna, il est arrive depuis peu de Paris pour se rendre a son Poste; mais
comme ce Parant n' est pas content de cette situation, il attend dit'on ici
une Reponse de la France, s'il sera place ailleurs, ou s'il doit desormais
poursuivre son chemin jusqu'a Warna; il avoit cru de surplenter S<ain>te
Luce, un des Amis du General Brune, au Poste de Bouccarest, mais les
Circonstances ne lui ont pas ete favorables.
J e me recommande a la Bienveillance de Votre Excellence, et j 'ai
l 'honneur d' etre avec le Devouement le plus absolu.
Monsieur l'Envoye !
de Votre Excellence,
votre tres humble & tres obeissant serviteur
Fr. Summerers
[Adresa;]
A son Excellence Monsieur F. J. J ackson
Env<oye> Extr<aordinaire> et Minis<tre> Plenip<otentiaire> de
S<a> M<aj este> Britannique a Berlin
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Jackson Papers, dos. 3 5 3/54, orig.
în 1 . franceză.
18
24
Bucureşti, 1 803, noiembrie 23
F. Summerers către F. J. Jackson despre călătoria de întoarcere

de la Constantinopol a fostului ambasador englez la Poartă, Sir William
Drummond, prin Bucureşti, laşi, spre Polonia şi Berlin. Pregătiri făcute
pentru primirea lui. Ştiri primite din Viena despre înrăutăţirea relaţiilor
franco-ruse, prin plecarea ambasadorului rus de la Paris, <contele
Arkadi lvanovici Markov> şi a celui francez de la Moscova, <generalul
Theodore Charles Joseph Hedouville>. Activitate febrilă depusă de
consulii ruşi de la Bucureşti şi laşi, Chirico şi Gervais. Scrisoarea
domnului Constantin lpsilanti către contele < Victor Pavlovici> Kociubei,
fost reprezentant al Rusiei la Poartă, privind plecarea lui Drummond din
Constantinopol. Zvonuri lansate de comisarul St. Luce despre Franţa şi
soarta Turciei.
Bouccarest le 1 9 Novembre 1 803
l\1onsieur l ' Envoye !
J ' ai eu le plaisir d' adresser a Votre Excellence le 1 9 cour<ant>

plusieurs de mes Rapports; j e me flattte qu'elle Ies recevra duement.
J e me fais un devoir de communiquer a Votre Excellence, que
d'aspres ( ! ) Ies dernieres Depeches ( ! ) rec;:ues de Constantinople,
Monsieur Drummond devoit quitter cette Capitale verrs le 1 5 du mois, se
rendant Voye de la Mer Noire par Warna ici ; l'on m'ecrit qu'il prendra en
suite la Route de Jassy, passant par la Pologne a Berlin. Je suis apres a
faire tous Ies Preparatifs ( ! ) necessaires (!), pour recevoir cet
Ambassadeur avec toute la Distinction possible.
Les denieres nouvelles rec;:ues de Wiene ( ! ), que des Banquiers ont
repandus, ayant annonce un Refroidissement total entre la Russie et
Bonaparte, et que meme Monsieur de Markoff avoit rec;:u des Instructions
a quitter au premier moment Paris, et que le General Houdouville ( ! )
devoit aussi partir bientot de Petersbourg, ont causees ici mille soupc;:ons,
croyant assurer qu ' une Rupture aura incessamment li eu entre ces deux
Gouvernements. L'on dit meme que Ies Franc;:ais dans ce cas fairont une
Descente en Candie ou dans la Moree.
19
Ici l 'on debite que la Flotte Russe dans la Baltique a rec;u Ordre de
se tenir prete au premier signal a lever l ' Ancre et faire voile. Les Consuls
Russes d 'ici et Yassy ont expedies ( ! ) differents courriers Extraordinaires.
II y a de ceux qui croient assurer que Ies Ordres ont ete donnes aux
Commandants de la Troupe Russe aux Confins, a se tenir sous Ies Ordres
du j our, et a ne pas permettre a aucun des Officiers a s ' absenter de leur
Regiment.
Le Prince Ipsilanthy, Hospodar Regnant de la Wallachie, apres
avoir ecrit par un Courrier Russe au Ministere a Petersbourg, et au Conul
General a Y assy, ayant eu la nouvelle par un de ses Callarachs Courriers,
que I ' Ambassadeur d' Angleterre s 'est serieusement decide de quitter
Constantinople, i i a ecrit de nouveau des Lettres a Monsieur le Comte de
Kotschoubey, pour lui donner probablement des details sur ce particulier.
Ste Luce fait le malade chez lui et fait repandre des Bruits sur la
France et le sort de la Turquie.
J'ai l 'honneur d' etre avec le plus profond Respect et la
Consideration la plus distinguee.
Monsieur l 'Envoye !
Le tres humble et tres obeissant Serviteur
Fr. Summerers
[Adresa:] A son Excellence Monsieur

F. J. J ackson
Env<oye> Extr<aordinaire> >&

Minis<tre> Plenip<otentiaire> > de S<a> M<aj este>
Britannique a Berlin
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Jackson Papers, dos. 3 53/54, orig.
în 1. franceză.
20
25
Bucureşti, 1803, decembrie 14
F. Summerers către Michael Merkelius, agentul consular austriac

din Bucureşti, rugându-l să întârzie expedierea curierului spre Viena
pentru a oferi posibilitatea ambasadorului extraordinar britanic la
Poartă, lordul < William > Drummond, aflat la Bucureşti, să-şi trimită
corespondenţa prin acelaşi mijloc şi totodată să extragă din pachetele de
scrisori sosite de la Viena, pe cele adresate ambasadorului.
Mercordi a Mezzo giorno
Sua Eccelenza l' Ambasciadore Straordinario m'impone di

riverirla e di dirle in tempo istesso, che avendo delle Lettere quest' oggi
per Wienna, La prega di non spedire l'Ordinario, sino a tanto che abbi
l' onnore di mandarle le sue Lettere.
Colgo con vero piacere di questa occasione per ramentarle pure,
che al arrivo della Posta di Wienna per Constantinopoli, si compiaccia di
rittirare da essa tutti li Pachetti che saranno addirizati a l ' Ambasciata di
S<ua> M<aesta> Britannica in Co<n>s<tantino>poli, acio siano rimessi
qua a S<ua> E<ccelenza> ii Signor Ambasciatore.
Fra tanto resto con vera Stima

di Vostr<a> Signoria
Fr. Summerers
<Adresa:>
Al. Signor de Merkelius
Agente consolare di S<ua> M <aesta> Imp<eria>le e Reale, nel
Principato di Wallachia
<Pe verso> Praes. 14 X bis 1 803

-
Monsieur
Monsieur de Merkelius
Agent consulaire de de S<a> M<ajeste> Impe<ria>le & Royale
dans la Principaute de Vallachie
Fr. Summerer
(L. S.)
Arh. St. Sibiu; Arhiva consulară austriacă din Bucureşti 1803, nr . inv. 39,
doc. 65, filele 1 3 7 şi 1 3 8, orig. în I. italiană.
21
26
Bucureşti, 1804, iulie 7
F. Summerers către nunţiul G. A. Severoli, aducându-i la

cunoştinţâ decesul episcopului catolic de Nicopole, P. Dovanlia, la
Bucureşti.

2 1 O, fo. 363 - 363 v; copie în italiană, publicată de F. Pall, op. cit. ,
p. 226-227, doc . 8.
27
Bucureşti, 1804, iulie 1 1
F. Summerers către nunţiul G. A. Severoli despre împrejurările

morţii episcopului Dovanlia, asistat in ultimele sale clipe de misionarul
pasionist Antonio Giordani sosit din Bulgaria la Bucureşti cu câteva zile
Înaintea decesului Înaltului prelat.

21 O , fo. 3 6 1 - 3 62, copie în italiană, publicată de F. Pall, op. cit. , p. 228-
229, doc . 9 .
28
F. Summerers către nunţiul G.A.Severoli, descriindu-i ceremonia

funeraliilor episcopului Dovanlia, înmormântat cu cinstea cuvenită în
biserica catolică (Bărăţia) din Bucureşti.

2 1 0, fo. 360 - 360 v0 , 364, copie în italiană, publicată de F. Pall, op. cit. ,
p . 230 - 23 1 , doc. 1 0.
22
29
Bucureşti, 1 804, august 1
F. Summerers către Charles Arbuthnot, noul ambasador al Marii

Britanii la Poartă, despre sosirea consilierului imperial rus, colonelul
<Kaetan lvanovici> Fazardi, la Bucureşti. Zvonuri despre pregătirile de
îmbarcare ale unui corp expediţionar rus pentru insula Corfu, sub
comanda maiorului Lambro cazoni. În anexă, două buletine amănunţite
asupra misiunii diplomatice a colonelului Fazardi în Balcani, întâlnirilor
sale cu domnul ţării, Constantin Ipsilanti şi trimiterii wzui dragoman al
consulatului rus din Bucureşti la Sibiu şi Craiova spre a obţine în secret
informaţii asupra posibilităţilor procurării de cereale pentru armata
rusă. Intenţiile cabinetului de la St. Petersburg de a credita un consul la
!anina pe lângă persoana lui Ali paşa; ştiri asupra desfăşurării răscoalei
sârbilor şi asedierii Belgradului.
Bouccarest le 1 Aout 1 804
Excellence !
L' arrivee d'un Conseiller Russe Expedie dans ces Pays par Ordre
d l 'Empereur Alexandre forme l 'objet principal du Contenu d'un Rapport
que cy inclus j ' ai l'honneur de transmettre a Votre Excellence.
L'on assure que le no<m>me Lambro Cazoni (Major au Service
Russe qui a fait tant de bruit dans l' Archipel pendant la demiere Guerre
contre Ies Turcs) a rei;:u Ordre de se tenir pret a s 'embarquer avec deux
mille hommes dans un des Ports de la Mer Noire, pour passer a Corfou et
de la suivre Ies Ordres de leur Commandant en Chef. Ci cela se verifie il
n'y a pas a douter qu'il attirera quantite de Gens a son Parti, et que la plus
part des Grecs sera avec lui.
J ' ai l'Honneur d'etre avec le plus profond Respect.
le tres humble et tres Obeissant Serviteur
Fr<ancis> Summerers
23
[Adresa: ] His Excellency Charles Arbuthnot
H i s Majesty's Ambassador Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Ottoman Porte
& & &
[Pe verso : ] Bucharest August 1 , 1 804

Mr. Summerers
2 Inel[ osu]res R<eceive>d August 2ih
Bouccarest le 1 Aout, 1 804
[I} Bulletin
La Cour de Petersbourg depuis presque trente annees se sert d 'un

certain Monsieur " Sergio " alias " Laskaroff' et de Monsieur " Fazardi " ,
pour Ies Intrigues que cette Cour sous main ourdit dans la Turquie; toutes
Ies fois qu'un de ces deux Messieurs s 'est presente dans ces Pays, il y a
eu toujours quelque chose d ' interessant pour la Russie qui succeda leur
An-ivee.
Monsieur le Conseiller et Colonel Fazardi, ltalien de naissance,
vient de pâroitre depuis trois jours a Bouccarest, venant directement de
Petersbourg charge d ' instructions ecrites de la propre main de
I ' Empereur; i i vit ici tras incognito ayant un Secretaire; il a des frequentes
Conferences avec le Prince lpsilanthy, Hospodar, Regnant de la
Wallachie. L'on assure que ce Prince a ete informe dej a par Ies Prince
Tchartorinsky de l' arivee de ce voyageur. Un de mes amis m ' a rapporte
que ce Fazardi a remis a cet Hospodar, lorsqu'il s ' est presente pour la
premiere fois a la Cour de Bouccarest, une simple Lettre, laquelle a ete
re9ue avec des marques d 'un profond Respect. Comme l 'Empereur lui
meme lui en a ecrit plus d'une fois il se peut bien qu' il l ' aye fait encore
par le Canal de Fazardi, pour donner Ies Ordres opportuns a l 'execution et
a la parfaite necessite de ce sont ce Conseiller est charge. Ce Prince
Regnant ainsi que le Consul de Russie, font un grand secret de sa
Mission, mais j ' ai ete informe tant par mes Amis de Y assy, que par
d' autres moyens que j ' ai employe pour sonder Mr. Fazardi, que ce
M<onsieur> este destine pour Consul General Plenipotentiaire de S<a>
M<ajeste> l 'Empereur de Russie dans Ies provinces Cis-Danubien<n>es
de la Turquie, savoir la Bulgarie et Rumelie jusqu' aux Balkans (Mont
Hemus) accredite aupres de Pasvandoglou Pacha de Widinn; ses
Dependances seront la Viile et Echelle de Rousciouk, Residence de S<a>
24
E<xcellence> Ismail Aga Tersenicloglou Gouvemeur General, la
fortresse de Silistrie, ainsi que toutes les Villes et Echelles de la Rive
droite et gauche du Danube depuis Belgrade jusqu ' au Co fluent de ce
meme Fleuve avec la Mer Noire, a l'endroit nomme " Yilan Adasy" (Isle
aux Serpents) a quelques lieux de la Fortresse d' lsmail.
L'Empereur a fait demander tres positivement a la Porte par le
Canal de son Envoye Mr. Le Chevalier d'Italinsky, Resident a
Constantinople, l' expedition immediate des Berrats et Firmans que la
Porte doit accorder sans perte de tems au nom de Mr. Fazardi, et en sa
nouvelle qualite susmentionnee. Les Instructions les plus precises ont ete
expediees a Mr. D 'Italinski pour appuyer cette affaire aupres du Divan
sur un Article des Traites existents entre la Russie et la Porte par lequel
cette demiere lui accorde le Droit de nommer des Consuls, Vice-Consuls,
dans tel endroit de l' Empire Ottoman que la Russie voudra Ies faire
resider, sans y excepter meme Ies Villes, Ports et Echelles ou aucune
autre Puissance n' a pas de ses Agents; il paroit au reste que cette demande
de la Russie a trouve quelque Resistance aupres du Ministere Ottoman,
puisque le Consul de Russie attend avec impatience depuis quelque jours
ces Berrats en question, et on ne les voit pas paroître; il ne serait pas
impossible que l' Ambassadeur de France a Constantinople ayant ete
informe de cette demande, aye employe toute son influence aupres du
Ministere Ottoman, pour faire tergiverser et echouer si I' etoi t posib le la
demande de la Cour de Rusie, ce qui est peu probable, vu que la
preponderence de cette Cour est telle, et sa demiere demande pour
accrediter Mr. Fazardi ne pourroit etre refusee de la Porte au risque meme
que le General Brune lui demander aussi des Berrats pour faire
reconnaître des Commissaires Franc;:ais dans tous les Ports et Echelles du
Danube.
Ce Consul General Plenipotentiaire de Russie faira ( ! ) sa
Residence a Widdin, et aura des Vice-Consuls partont ailleurs, il
employera au reste toute sa force et son influence pour pacifier Ies
differentes ( ! ) Partis qui se sont eleves en Rumelie et aux Bords du
Danube, surtout celui de Tersenicloglou ayan (Gouvemeur) de Rousciouk
contre Yelickoglou celui de Silistrie et Osman Pacha autrement
Pasvandoglou Rebelle et Pacha de Widinn ( ! ). 11 a des Instructions tres
etendues pour approfondir le Systeme et les interets particuliers de
chaqu'un des Daghis de Belgrade atuellement en revolte et de s 'informer
au long des intentions des Serviens et surtout s 'ils sont appuyes par
quelque tete Couronnee; j 'ai appris par un Canal assez sfu qu'il a des
Ordres d' offrir la Mediation de Sa Cour aupres de la Porte sous des
25
Conditions t res favorables a l' un et a l'autre des Partis, Lorsque le
Consul de Russie Resident en Wallachie, a appris l'anivee de ce
Consci ller Fazardi a Yassy, il a immediatement expedie un Major au
Service de la Russic par Crayova a Widinn, le faisant voyager habille a la
Turque, d ' un mani ere a ne pas le faire connaître; ce major a des ordres de
se rendre a Bel grade par Orsowa, y attendre probablement l' Arrivee de
nouvelles Instructions qui lui seront envoyees d'ici.
Un interprete pour la langue Wallaque attache a ce Consulat
Russe, a ete demierement expedie sous pretexte de voir ses Parents a
Herrnanstadt; cet homme a passe le long du Cordon Autrichien, y faisant
des Observations sur l' etat actule des forces Autrichiennes, prenant
adroitement des Rcnseignements partout Oll il passoit; il est descendu a
Crayova, Capitale de l a petite Wallachie, ou ii a fait un Memoire secret de
l' etat actu el de cette Partie de la Province, et de la quantite de Provision
qu'on pourrait trouver a la premiere Requisition. Cet Interprete a evite
toute publicite dans ses Demandes, non obstant un Proprietaire du Bled
ayant eu quelque petite connaissance de ceci, croyant que c ' etait une
demande faite par le Gouvemement Anglais pour des Provisions a
charger a Gallatz sur des Bâtiments etrangers, me fit demander „tout
bonnement" si j 'avois besoin de Bled; s'apres cette demande ayant
examine minutieusement }'origine de ce faux bruit, la connaissance que
j ' avais eu du passage de cet Interprete a Crayova, et des informations
qu'il avoit prises en secret, je n'ai pas eu lieus a douter de cette
Commission.
Mr. Fazardi dans ses denieres Depeches ecrit a son Ministre a
Constantinople, pour qu'il exige de la Porte 8 ou 1 0 Berrats avec leurs
Fi1mans pour Ies Interpretes des Etablissements Russes Cis-Danubiens,
qui doivent etree pris „entre Ies Suj ets de la Porte" ; d'apres ceci ces
Interpretes Rayas qui ne seront que des Fermanlys, s'occuperont a
executer Ies Ordres de ce Fazardi, et cooperant a l 'execution de ses
Instructions. Un de leur devoir sera de faire augmenter le Parti que la
Russie veut avoir en Bulgarie et de favoriser en autant qu'il leur sera
possible l ' entree des familles Bulgares en Russie; obj et digne de son
Attention.
Le Conseiller Fazardi este le meme qui avoit ete employe pendant
long tems en Crimee en qualite d'Inspecteur secret sur les liaisons des
habitants en general avec Constantinople, et des Cabales que des Mourzas
(Nobles Tartars) pouvoient faire contre Ies interets de la Russie. Cet
homme connoit parfaitement bien ces Provinces; il a commence sa
caniere en qualite de j eune de langue attache a la Mission Russe a
26
Constantinople, il a ete j adis expedie en commission secrete en Egypte, et
plus d'une fois il a fait le Voyage pres d' Aly pacha de Yanina, ou il a seu
augmenter le Parti Russe d'une maniere tres evidente, ayant attire de son
cote les familles Ies plus riches et Ies plus nobles du Pays, il parle une
dixaine ( ! ) de langues, entre autres le Grec et tres bine le Turc, le Tartar,
&c.
Lorsque l'Empereur de Russie a expedie ce Monsieur, il lui remit
ses instructions, er lui dit de bien faire ses Affaires, et qu ' il auroit soin de
lui. II lui accorda des Appointements qui seront fixes apres son arrivee a
sa Residence; d ' apres sa demande il aura dit-an la Paye d'un Ministre
Plenipotentiaire, il ne devra dependre desormais de personne, il rapportera
directement a Petersbourg, et il a re9u Ordre d' expedier des Couriers
Extraordinaires quand bon lui semblera, et partout ou l 'Ordre du Service
l'exigera.
Fr<ancis> Summerers
[Pe verso: ] In Summerers ' letter o f August 1
[II] Bulletin
L'Empereur de Russie a trouve necessaire d'Etablir un Consul

General Plenipotentiaire en Monte Negro; ainsi un Conseiller de College
a ete de suite expediee de Petersbourg avec des Lettres de Creance pour
ces Pays; il est dit, que cet ettablissement Russe en Monte Negro est foit
sur le meme Pied que celui qui va incessament s' etablir a Widinn & &
sous la Direction de Monsieur Fazardi.
Un Albanois de ma connaissance arrive il y a trois jours de
Yanina, a apporte la nouvelle que l'on attendoit a tout moment un Consul
Russe qui doit resider dit-an aupres du Celebre Tepedelenly Aly Pacha,
actuellement Aly Pacha de Yanina. Ce Gouvemeur avoit depuis quelque
tems des Ordres a recevoir avec bonte ce Consul de Russie.
Continuellement Ies habitants de la Grece et de la Rumelie passent
en Emigration en Russie; cette demiere Cour favorise ouvertement leur
Entree dans l 'Empire Russe, et I' Arrivee de ce Consul a Yanina doit
influer au non plus a l 'accroissement du parti que la Russie forme a
grands pas dans cette Partie de l ' Empire Ottoman.
27
Les habitants de la Servie qui sont en Revolte contre les Beys de
Belgrade continuent de cemer cette Fortresse de pres; ils feignent souvent
de se rettirer pour attirer Ies Turcs vers leurs Camps, ou ils ne les laissent
pas approcher sans leur causer des grandes Pertes en Prisoniers et Blesses.
Fr<ancis> Summerers
[Pe verso: ] In Summerers' letter

of August 1 5 1
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/43 , f. 277 - 280 v0 ;
f. 28 1 - 282 v; orig. în 1 . franceză; buletinele din anexă publicate
fragmentar şi de Ceda Mijatovic, Ilpcnucu u1 1eauul./HUK u noecp!lbU
1ieux u1ecu12a51 €H2.r1 cc1':€ aM6acajcvy .Qapu2paiJy 20 1804 Ha 20 1814 în
„CrroMettuk Cprrckc KpaJICBCKE: AKa,UE:Mttc'', Zagreb, LIV ( 1 922), nr. 46,
p. 42 - 43 , doc. 2 şi 3 .
30
13ucureşti, 1804, august 5
F. Summerers către Ch. Arbuthnot, despre înlocuirea

comandantului fortăreţei Belgrad, Hasan paşa, mutat la Bender, cu
<Nîşli> Hafiz aga. Zvonuri că Hasan paşa, fost de 6 sau 7 ori caimacam
al vizirului, să nu fie numit mare vizir în locul lui < Yusuf Ziya paşa>. În
anexă, un buletin privind situaţia militară la graniţa dintre Rusia şi
Persia şi politica cercurilor conducătoare de la St. Petersburg faţă de
această din urmă ţară.
<Excellence ! >
Des rapports d e Belgrade assiirent que Hassan Pacha,

Gouvemeur de cette fortresse, a ete nomme par la Porte au Pachalik de
Bender, et qu'un mauvais suj et, nomme Nichly Hafiz Aga, l ' a succede au
gouvemement de Belgrade.
11 ne serait pas impossible que ce Hassan Pacha soit nomme Grand
Vizir a Constantinople, lorsque l' actuel sera remercie par la Porte. 11 a
deja ete 6 ou 7 fois Kaimakam. Quant a ce Hafiz Aga de Belgrade il n'y a
28
pas a douter qu' il ne pourra pas d'aucune maniere se soutenir dans son
Gouvernement, et ne peut qu' augmenter le mouvement des Serviens . . .
Bulletin
Notre Horizon<t> Politique ne nous offre dans ce moment des

nouvelles importantes et dignes de I ' attention Publique, a celle pres de la
Situation des Frontieres de la Perse. La Russie a une Annee de 20/m.
Campee a Bunby, commandee par le General Zizianoff; ce Camp
attendoit a tout moment un Renfort considerable en Artillerie et en
troupes; Quoique Messieurs Ies Russes n'ayent fait des nouveaux progres
dans cette Partie du Globe, leur projet paroit etre clairement annonce, et
c' est sans doute la Conquette ( ! ) d' Azerbeiglan ( ! ), une tres vaste
Province de la Perse, par la Conquette ( ! ) de laquelle le Commerce Russe
s 'accroit infiniment, vu l 'immense quantite de soye que ce vaste Pays
offre; article que la Russie tirroit sous un Prix altere de la Turquie. Des
Plans des Fortresses et Villes ont ete expedies au General Zizianoff par
des Courriers Extraordinaires de Petersbourg, ainsi que le libre arbitre au
General de depenser des grandes sommes pour reussir dans cette
Commission assez delicate pour la Cour de Russie.
L' on ecrit de l' Annenie, que Ies Troupes Russes n' avoient pas
encore pris possession de la Ville d ' Eiivan, mais que I ' on etoit
d'intelligence avec le Gouverneur Persan de prendre cette Ville aux
Armees de S<a> M<aj este> Imperiale a la premiere Requisition du
General, et au premier moment qu'il conviendra.
L'on assure de plus, que la plus part des Gouverneurs Generaux
des Places importantes et limitrophes avec la Perse, sont gagnes et soldes
par Ies Russes et qu' il n'avoit pas a douter des progres que cette derniere
Cour pourra sans peine faire sur la Perse.
Fr<ancis> Summerers
[Pe verso:] Boucarest, August 5

Mr. Summerers R<eceived> Sept<ember> 9th
Bucchorest
29
orig. în 1 . franceză; publicat fragmentar de C . Mij atovic, op. cit. , p. 43 ,
doc. 4.
31
Bucureşti, 1804, septembrie 5
F. Summerers către Secretarul de Stat pentru Afacerile Externe,

Dudley Ryder, lord Harrowby, privind cererile necontenite de provizii din
Ţara Românească ale lui Pazvantoglu. Atitudinea răbdătoare a domnului
Constantin fps iianti, care va fi, totuşi, silit să apeleze la consulii ruşi din
Principate spre a se pune capăt acestei situaţii intolerabile.
Bouccarest, le 5 septembre 1 804
Pasvandoglu quoique tranquille, ne cesse pas de faire des

demandes exagerees a la Wallachie, tant en argent qu'en d' autres articles
de Valleur. Ce brave Prince Ipsilanthy cherche a le menager, mais
nonobstant il sera bientât oblige de faire interposer l 'influence des
Consuls Russes d ' ici, pour mettre a la raison cet insolent.
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/43, f. 285 - 286 v0,
orig. în 1 . franceză.
32
F. Summerers către lordul Harrowby, despre refuzul locuitorilor

din Belgrad de a primi ca guvernator pe Nişli Hafiz aga şi concesia
acordată de Poartă, numind în locul său pe imbrohorul Suleiman paşa.
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/43 , f. 289 - 290 v0 ,
orig. în 1 . franceză; extras publicat de Ceda Mij atovic, op. cit. , p. 44 - 45,
doc. 7.
30
33
Bucureşti, 1 804, septembrie 1 2
F. Summerers către nunţiul G. A . Severoli despre marele incendiu care a

pustiit centrul oraşului Bucureşti la 8 septembrie, distrugând şi biserica
catolică (Bărăţia).
Archivio Segreto Vaticano, Archivio delia Nunziatura di Vienna, vol. 2 1 O,

fo. 1 32; orig. francez; publicat de F. Pall, op. cit. , p. 232, doc. 1 1 .
34
Bucureşti, 1 804, decembrie 5
F. Summerers către A. Straton despre arestarea la Paris a

secretarului domnului Constantin Ipsilanti, generalul conte Gaspary de
Belleval, din ordinul ministrului Poliţiei, <Joseph > Fouche. Activitatea
suspectă, în Principate, a lui Belleval, ginere al reprezentantului Prusiei
la Londra, baronul Konstantin Philipp von Jacobi-Kloest; deşi se dădea
drept emigrat regalist, Belleval întreţinea relaţii cu ambasadorul Franţei
republicane la Poartă, generalul < Guillaume> Brune, cu ministrul de
Externe, < Charles Maurice de> Talleyrand şi adjunctul său <Jean
Baptiste> Champagny. Avertismentele date principelui Ipsilanti de
Summerers şi Luca de Kiriko, consulul Rusiei, de a nu se compromite, în
faţa prim-consulului Bonaparte, care îi este ostil, intervenind pentru
eliberarea lui Belleval.
Copie d'une lettre ecrite le 5 Decembre 1 804, par Francis

Summerers, a Monsieur Alexandre Straton, Ministre Plenipotentiaire de
sa Maj este pres la Sublime Porte Ottomanes a C<onstantino>ple.
Nr. 9 1 4
Monsieur,
J e m' empresse de vous communiquer, Monsieur, la nouvelle que

je re<;ois dans ce moment que le 28 Oct<o>bre le General Comte de
31
Belleval se trouvant a Paris par Conge d' Absence, a ete arrete par un
Ordre de Fouche, Ministre de la Police; l'on ignore jusqu'a present Ies
raisons que le Gouvemement Frarn;ais a eu de l'y arreter.
Le faste qu 'il a etale, sa renommee toujours odieuse et Equivoque
a tout honnet homme, tous Ies Cordons dont il Etoit decore, son titre de
Chambellan, et finalement celui de General, qu' il n'a j amais eu, et Ies
belles Recommandations faites sur sa personne a Talleyrand par S-te
Luce, Commissaire de France en Walachie, I' ayant rendu suspect, lui ont
procure la desagrement d 'avoir ete surveille pour quelque tems a
Paris, et finalement arrete.
J' ai eu l 'honneur a son tems de vous parler, Monsieur, de
toutes Ies observations que Monsieur Drummond a ete dans le cas de faire
sur ce pretendu General Belleval, pendant son court sej our a Bouccarest.
Monsieur Drummond a trouve necessaire a ecrire d'ici sur son compte a
Monsieur le Chevalier d' Italinsky.
Monsieur Belleval avoit dans ce tems la une Correspondence
cuverte et sincere avec Ies Ambasadeurs de France Brune et Champagny,
et quelque fois meme il recevoit des lettres du Ministre Talleymand.
Belleval crioit hautement contre les Frarn;ais, tandis qu'il traittoit en
secret sa raliation et la permission d' aller a Paris pour quelque temps,
sous la condition tres confidentielle, qu'a son retour a Bouccarest aupres
de cet Hospodar, il devoit etre utile et meme necessaire aux interets de la
France par son influence ici; lui meme me le dit plus d'une fois, qu' il
esperoit par le moyen du Commissariat Fran9ais a Bouccarest de rentrer
dans la liste des Citoyens Fran9ais; au fond tout cela n'a ete qu'un
tripotage indigne d 'un homme a sentiments. Souvent ce Monsieur venoit
me faire quelque confiance malitieuse et peu fondee, et son grand applond
( ! ) pourvoit duper bien du monde; heureusement pour moi j ' ai eu tout le
tems de le connaître, et de le mepriser sol ernne llement ( ! ).
II me parloit souvent des sevice qu' il avoit rendu en Angleterre, et
du cas que l ' on faisoit a Londres de ses talents, tandis que sortant de chez
moi il entretenoit le Commissaire Fran9ais sur des systemes opposes.
Belleval est connu a Londres sous le nom du Comte de Gaspary qui avoit
espouse la fille du Baron de Jacobi, Ministre de Prusse pres de S<a>
M<ajeste> Britannique; toutes ces circonstances sont trop connues pour
en faire ici une plus longue description.
L 'Hospodar Ipsilanthy, comme vous savez Monsieur, lorsqu' il a
ete nome ( ! ) Prince de la Moldavie, ayant eu pitie de ce Belleval, qui etoit
a Cons<tantino>ple miserable (apres avoir vu son Plan echoue, de faire
nomer ( ! ) un autre imposteur, nome ( ! ) General Devitz, qui devoit etre
32
Vice-Roi de Montenegro, a condition que ce Belleval devoit etre son
Premier Ministre; ce Plan etoit fait de maniere, pour que Devitz devoit
donner toutes les sommes necessaires pour gagner les Principaux Chefs
des Montenegrins et des Esclavons a Constantinoples et que Belleval
devoit employer ses talents et sa plume pour y reussir. La Porte ayant eu
connaissance de tous ces trames, renvoya Devitz, et Belleval n'y resta que
par la Protection speciale d ' un de ses Protecteurs) [ qui] lui permit de le
suivre a Yassy, et lui donna quelque fois des lettres indifferentes ·a copier,
pour lui foumir le moyen de j ouir des Appointements qu' il lui avoit fixe
en qualite d'un de ses Secretaires, mais jamais ce M<onsieu>r n'a pas
j oui de la confiance du Prince, qui avoit peut etre des raisons a soi, de ne
pas lui <lire que des choses tres insignifiantes. Belleval au reste etaloit ici
un grand faste, et s ' amussoit ( ! ) a traitter ( ! ) les hommes avec un certain
air de protection, qui le faisoit connaître pour un parfait effronte et un
veritable parvenu.
Depuis le rettour ( ! ) de S. E. M. Drummond a Londres, j ' ai ete
dans le cas de le traitter ( ! ) froidement, ayant eu ( ! ) occasion de le mieux
connaître et de lui soup9onner des actions peu honnetes; cet homme finit
par etre celui qui cherchoit par tous les moyens a me mettre mal dans
l 'Esprit du Gouvemement de ces deux provinces, mais j ' avois eu le
moyen de connaître sa conduite, et d'etre sous mes Gardes. Actuellement
que Belleval se trouve loin d' ici, j 'ai eu occasion de parler de lui a S<on>
A<ltesse> l 'Hospodar Regnant de la Wallachie, et ces j ours passes j 'ai eu
des longues entrevues avec lui sur cet objet: j e lui ai temoigne le plaisir
que j 'avois de son eloignement, et que si jamais par quelque heureux
hazard pour lui il s ' en retoumoit a Bouccarest, j e lui declarais que je ne
voudrois d' aucune maniere desormais traitter ( ! ) avec lui, que j 'avois des
raisons a le connaître pour un homme tres suspect, et que je ne pouvais
sans me compromettre, avoir ă. faire avec un homrne, qui Franc;:ais par
sentiments et par sa radiation ( ! ), ne doit ni peut avoir aucune transactions
avec un Employe Anglais. Le Prince m'a paru y mettre toute l 'attention
requise a cette juste demande; mais il me fit sentire ( ! ) adroitement qu'il
desireoit que Ies Consuls reunis de ces Pays ne devroient plus le
persecuter, car ce Belleval se trouvait dej a assez malheureux entre Ies
mains de la Police de Paris. Ce General Comte de Belleval, Chevalier
errant, par principe, intriguant et aventurier par metier s ' il a le bonheur de
se tirer d' affaire ă. Paris, il pourroit faciliment s'en retoumer ă. ses
fonctions a Bouccarest: dans ce cas j e trouverai de mon devoir de
33
renouveller „par Ecrit" a ce Gouvemement, de ne vouloir d' aucune
maniere avoir des transactions par le Canal de ce pretendu General, et j 'y
tiendrai parole; je tacherai aussi d'employer tous Ies moyens a le faire
eloigner d'ici .
Les Consuls de Russie ont adresse des longs Rapports tănt au
Ministre a Constantinople, qu'a leur Cour, sur le compte de Belleval, et le
Chevalier de Chirico en a parle demierement de cela dans des termes tres
forts a ce Prince, lui ajoutant en peu de mots, qu'il ne voudrait desormais
le reconnaître avec tous ces titres imaginaires. Le Prince est tres
embarasse de tout ceci; il ne peut faire aucun pas pour avoir cet homme
de Paris, sans se compromettre; il le voudrait au reste pour faire quelque
bien a ce malheureux, et ce ne sera que par ma prochaine que j ' aurais
l 'honneur de vous informer Monsieur du resultat de cette affaire; I' on
connait au reste Ies sentiments de ce Prince, qui este elleve ( ! ) dans la
haine de la France. L ' on sait que Bonaparte a voulu depuis longtems
jouer un taur a S<on> <Altesse> et peut etre rneme le culbuter s'il
pouvoit; mais son merite personel, la Protection que la Russie lui accorde
directement, et quelques menagements politiques qu' il doit pour la
France, le soutiennent, et le Gouvemement Frarn;:ais aura peut etre cn1 en
arretant Bel!eval, trouver entre ses Papiers des choses interessantes; mais
l'on ne trouvera rien qui pourroit compromettre ce brave Prince, qui par le
sacrifice meme de ses propres interets merita le titre qu'il apprecie au non
( ! ) plus d'etre I' Ami et le partizan zele de la Nation Anglaise.
& & &

Fr. Summerers
[Pe verso: ] In Mr. Summerers Letter

of Dec<embe>r 1 O
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/43, f. 299 - 302 v0,
copie în I. franceză; publicată în traducere românească în Călători străini
despre ţările române, Serie nouă, vol. I ( 1 801 - 1 82 1 ), Bucureşti, 2004,
p. 22 1 - 224.
34
35
Bucureşti, 1 804, decembrie 1 7
F. Summerers către lordul Harrowby, despre schimbările

intervenite printre dregătorii Porţii şi numirea unui nou kapudan al flotei
otomane în persoana lui Hafiz Osman aga, fost bostangi paşa, în locul lui
<Mehmed Kadri paşa> compromis. Locul lui Hafiz ca bostangi paşa a
fost luat de Emin Hasseky. Somaţia adresată Porţii de ambasadorul
Franţei, generalul Brune, de a recunoaşte lui Napoleon Bonaparte titlul
de împărat, sub ameninţarea plecării din Constantinopol în caz de refuz.
Bouccarest le 1 7 Decbre 1 804
My Lord
11 y a deux heures qu 'un Tartar arrive de Constantinople en cinq

j ours, a remi<s> a ce Prince Regnant des Depeches tres importantes. Je
m'empresse de vous annoncer, My Lord, que la Porte peu satisfaite de la
Conduite de son Grand Amiral (Capudan - Pacha) qui avoit ete expedie
en Commission pour recevoir Ies tresors du fameux Dgezzar Pacha,
decede a St. Jean d' Acre, et qui s ' est tres mal comporte dans cette affaire,
merita la disgrâce de sa Hautesse, qui le renvoya immediatement du
Service, et fit nommer un certain Hafiz Osman Aga a l ' honorable Poste
de Grand Amiral a Constantinople. Osman Aga avoit demierement la
Place de Bostandgy Bachy (Ministre de la Police sur Mer) et il a ete
longtems attache dans l 'interieur du Pallais ( ! ) Imperial; cet homme
est prive de toutes Ies connaissances necesaires pour regir avec honneur
ce Poste marquant, et il tres probable qu'il sera bientot culbutte par Ies
intrigues du Ministere Ottoman.
Plusieurs autres petits changement ont eu lieu dans l 'interieur du
Palais du Grand Seigneur, et entre autres la Place de Bostandgy Bachy,
vacante par l 'A vancement du nomme Hafiz Osman Aga, a ete accordee
au Gentilhomme de la Chambre Emin - Hasseky.
Ce meme Tartar arrive de Constantinople apporte la nouvelle que
le General Brune par un Courrier re<;u de Paris au eu ( ! ) des Ordres precis
de laisser definitivement au Divan un delais de trois j ours pour
reconnaître dans la personne de Bonaparte „le titre usurpe d'Empereur
des Fran<;ais", et que dans le cas que la Porte n' accorderoit pas dans le
delais de trois jours la demande de ce General, que la quatrieme seroit
celui de son depart de Constantinople: puisque l'on est assure que la Porte
35
ne peut, ni doit reconnaître cet Emperer, on s ' attend a tout moment a la
nouvelle du depart de cet Ambassadeur de la Capitale.
Voila tout ce que je trouve de mon devoir de vous communiquer
my Lord: en attendant je me recommande a Votre Protection
Bienfaisante, ayant l 'honneur d'etre avec le plus profond Respect,
My Lord !
Votre tres humble et tres
Obeiss<an>t serv<iteu>r
Fr<ancis> Summerers
[Adresa:] Right Hon<ora>ble

Lord Harrowby
& & & London
[Pe verso : ] R<eceive>d Feb<ruary> 2<n>d
orig. în 1 . franceză.·
36
Constantinopol, 1804, decembrie 18
F. Summerers către lordul Harrowby despre sosirea la Bucureşti,

în drum spre Constantinopol, a unui emisar al hanului din Bukhara
<emirul Hazdar beg> şi primirea sa solemnă de către domn. Înlocuirea
consulului rus în Moldova, <Andrei Andreievici> Gervais, prin
consilierul de stat <Ippolit Feodorovici> Bolkunov.
Bouccarest, le 1 8 Dec<embre> 1 804
My Lord
Ce matin est arrive de Petersbourg un Envoye Extraordinaire que

le Han de la Bouharie envoit aupres de Sa Hautesse le Sultan avec des
riches presents et des magnifiques Chevaux. Cette Legation est composee
de deux Secretaires, un Interprete, quelques Officiers; en tout ils sont au
36
nombre de dix-neuf: l ' Hospodar a rec;u cet Etranger avec toutes Ies
distinctions possibles.
L 'Empereur de Russie vient de rappeller Monsieur Gervais, son
Consul General en Moldavie, pour l'employer au College des Affaires
Etrangeres a St. Petersbourg. Monsieur le Conseiller de Balkounoff va le
succeder dans le Poste interessant pour Ies Affaires de ces Provinces. J ' ai
l 'honneur d' etre avec le Devouement le plus respectueux,
My Lord !
obeissant serv<iteu>r
Fr<ancis> S ummerers

Lord Harrowby
& & & London
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/43, f. 305 - 3 06 v0;
orig. în I. franceză.
37
Bucureşti, 1 805, aprilie 29
F. Summerers către Henry Phipps, lord Mulgrave Secretar de Stat

pentru Afacerile Externe al Marii Britanii despre continua înrâutăţire a
situaţiei din Serbia pentnt Poartă şi bănuiala că insurgenţii sunt susţinuţi
în ascuns de o mare putere.
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/48, f. 203 - 204 v0 ,
orig. în I . franceză� extras publicat de C. Mijatovic, op. cit. , p . 45, doc. 9.
38
Bucureşti, 1 805, mai 21
Raport al lui F. Summerers privind stadiul negocierilor secrete

între răsculaţii sârbi şi Rusia. Sosirea unei importante delegaţii sârbe la
37
Bucureşti spre a conferi cu domnul ţării Constantin lpsilanti, slujind ca
mUlocitor între Poartă şi rebeli. Întrevederea secretă a emisarilor lui
<Gheorghe Petrovici> Kara Gheorghe cu consulul rus Kiriko, spre a
dobândi sprUinul Rusiei în vederea obţinerii autonomiei şi transformării
Serbiei într-un principat, după modelul Moldovei şi al Ţării Româneşti.
Se aştepta sosirea la Bucureşti, a noului consul numit de ţar în Moldova,
Bolkunov, cu instrucţii din partea cabinetului de la St. Petersburg
privitoare la sârbi. Întrevederea lui Constantin lpsilanti cu Summerers
referitoare la atitudinea sa faţă de răscoala sârbilor.
Bouccarest le 2 1 May 1 805
Etat des Negociations secrettes

entre la Russie et Ies lnsurges de la Servie
My Lord,
Les insurges de la Servie ayant ete invites par l ' Hospodar

Ipsilanthy de se tranquiliser, en quittant Ies Armes, leur promettant de
s ' interesser en leur faveur aupres de la Porte; cette demarche a eu le
succes desire : a ce ( ! ) effet Czemy Giorgy, general en chef des insurges,
vient d 'envoyer une Deputation composee de quatre personnes, a la tete
des quelle ( ! ) se trouve un Protopope de consideration pour conferer avec
le Gouvemement de la Wallachie pour Ies interets de leur patrie. Ces
Deputes, qui sont arrives la nuit passee, sont en meme tems munis des
Pleinpouvoirs pour traitter directement leur cause avec le Grand Seigneur
a Constantinople, apres avoir prealablement eu chez le Prince de la
W allachie toutes les insinuations salutaires pour bien appuyer leurs j ustes
demandes.
Ces Messieurs sont en meme temps charges de presenter a la Porte
un Memoire signe de tous Ies Kniezs et Nobles de la Servie, dans lequel
on expose leur situation deplorable, et l 'on demande j ustice des torts que
l'on re9oit joumallierement ( ! ) des Pachas. Ils doivent en meme temps
porter leurs plaintes a la Porte de la mauvaise conduite et des mauvais
traitements re9us demierement par ses Preposes. Ces malheureux ont ete
vexes d'une maniere atroce par Ies touts demiers Employes Turcs, qui
leur ont fait payer plus d'un Milion ( ! ) de Piastres argent comptant pour
leur accorder leur tranquilite, et cela apres tous Ies ordres reiteres de la
38
Porte de ne pas molester d'aucune maniere Ies habitants de la Servie qui
se voyent actuellement la <lupe de ces barbares.
Les Deputes susdits ont ete tres bien re9us par S .A. le Prince
Regnant, qui leur assigna des quartiers, et Ies traitent avec toutes sortes
d'egards, ils ont ete admis plus d'une fois a des Audiences chez S.A. ou
ils ont expose d'une maniere tres touchante tous leurs malheurs.
L'on a observe que ces Deputes, la nuit meme de leur arrivee, ils
se presenterent fort tard chez le Consul de Russie, qui les a retenus dans
une conference pour six heures consecutives, pendant cette entrevue tres
secrete Ies Insurges ont negocie avec cet Employe de la Russie; pour
toumer leurs demandes a la Porte de maniere a etre soutenue par
Monsieur le Chevalier d' Italinsky, Envoye Extraordinaire de la Cours de
Petersbourg a Constantinople, qui a deja depuis long temps des Ordres a
augmenter sous main le mecontentement de ces malheureux pour Ies
mettre dans le cas de reclamer a haute voix en qualite de Grecs la
Protection speciale de la Cour de Russie, qui dans ses Traites de Paix
avec l 'Empire Ottoman s' est menage le droit d' interposer son influence
pour proteger Ies Grecs des vexations des Turcs, et pour exiger que la
religion Grecque et ses Ministres ne soient pas opprimes en Turquie.
Les Insurges de la Servie, travailles depuis quelques mois par des
Agents et Emissaires Russes, et encourages par leurs promesses
solernne lles ( ! ) d'eriger la Servie en Principaute, sous les auspices de
cette demiere, telle que la W alachie et Moldavie I' est dans ce moment;
Czemy Giorgy authorisa ses Deputes, de remettre entres Ies mains du
Consul de Russie Resident a Bouccarest des petitions tres humbles au
nom des habitants en general, tant pour Petersbourg, que pour le Ministre
de cette Cour a Constantinople, pour s 'interesser en leur faveur, et
soutenir avec fermete leurs demandes, de maniere qu' a l' avenir la Servie
soit protegee par la Russie a l ' instar de ces Provinces.
Les Requetes que ces Deputes ont remis a ce Consulat de Russie
ont ete expediees le lendemain a leus adresses respectives avec des
Depeches du Consul, qui, pour se faire un merite de plus, travaille a toute
force a l 'execution des ordres qu'il re9oit de soutenir Ies insurges.
Une petite difficulte s' eleve pour le moment sur le choix d'un
Gouvemeur pour la Servie sous le nom de Prince ou Hospodar, Ies
Serviens demandent que cela soit confere a un des Nobles de la Servie,
qu' ils choisiront eux meme, et qu' ils eleveront a cette <lignite pour etre
confirme par la Porte, et reconnu par la Russie; mais les Ministres de la
Porte, qui sans doute seront gagnes par l' or et Ies promesses de la
Noblesse Grecque de Constantinople, desireront donner cette Place a un
39
Grec de la capitale, pour etre a meme de lui arracher a tout moment de
l ' argent, ce quc J ' on ne pourra pas foire si focilement avec un Prince
Servien, qui aura toujours plus a coeur les interets de sa Patrie, que ne
pourra le foire un Grec de Constantinople, qui avide du gain, et sur du
Ministere Ottoman par Ies presents continuels qu'il fout lui foire, excerce
souvent le despotisme a I ' exces, circonstance dont Ies Serviens desirent
en etre exempts.
Les Serviens vont demander a la Porte, a ce que je crois de
nommer un Prince d 'entre eux, qui aura les Nobles et Magnats pour
Conseillers dans son Divan. Sur Ies choix de leur Gouvemeur ou Prince
ils se sont expliques chez le Consul de Rusie la nuit passee bien au long,
et l 'ont interesse d ' en parler de cela dans sa Depeche pour le Chevalier
d' I talinsky.
L' on a envoye immediatement des lettres en Moldavie pour
accellerer l ' arri vee a Bouccarest de Monsieur le Conseiller de
Bolcounoff, Consul General de Russie a Yassy, qui, ayant des instructions
directes de St. Petersburg pour Ies affoires secretes de la Servie, pourra
etre d ' une utili te maj eure a cette Negotiation.
Le tout se passe ici sous le plus grand mystere et le Prince
Regnant en a expressement impose le silence sur les affaires de la Servie
a tous ses Ministre et fovoris, pour ne pas etre compromis; certainement
son role est tres delicat et ii fout avoir l 'esprit qu'il a pour se tirrer
d' affaire sans se compromettre.
J'ai eu une entrevue avec S. A. le Prince Ipsilanthy dans la joumee
et je lui ai demande l' Etat de ses affaires en Servie, il me parla au long
des choses qui m ' etoient deja connues, et que j 'ai eu l 'honneur a son
temps de rapporter a l ' Ambassade de sa Maj este a C<onstantino>ple et
finit par me <lire d'une maniere tres affable qu'il alloit expedier
incessamment ces Deputes a la Capitale, escortes par des Gardes et des
Tartars et qu-il esperiot que cette Negotiation finiroit favorablement. 11 a
pris bien garde de ne pas me parler des Negotiations secrettes ( ! ) de la
Cour de Russie et puisqu'il en vouloit faire de cela un secret, je n ' ai pas
cru a propos de lui faire sentire ( ! ) que j ' etois informe d'une maniere
aussi circonstanciee.
Fr. Summerers
Pub l i c Record O ffi c e , Forei gn Office, Turkey, dos . 7 8/45 , orig. în

1 . franceză; reprodus cu omisiuni şi greşeli şi de Ceda Mijatovic, op. cit.,
p. 45-47, doc. 1 0.
40
39
F. Summerers către nuntiul G. A. Severoli, cerând rechemarea

'
misionarului Mattia Rasdilovic, al cărui comportament irnoral a indignat

pe credincioşii catolici din Bucureşti. Doreşte ca nunţiul să scrie
vicarului diocezei şi administratorului apostolic al Ţării Româneşti,
Antonio Giordani, să urmeze sugestiilor pe care i le-a dat cu privire la
măsurile ce trebuiesc luate pentru asigurarea bunei desfăşurări a
activităţii comunităţii catolice din principat.
Archivio delia S acra Congregazione di Propaganda Fide di Roma,

Scritture riferite nei Congressi, Bulgaria e Vallachia, vol. VIII, fo. 1 40 -
1 42 v0 ; orig. italian; publicat de F. Pall, op. cit. , p. 233 - 234, doc. 1 2 .
40
Bucureşti, 1 805, iulie 15
F. Summerers către nunţiul G. A. Severoli cu privire la

modalitatea expedierii de la Roma, prin Viena, a lefurilor cuvenite
misionarilor pas ion işti din Ţara Românească şi Bulgaria, ce urmează a fi
distribuite de vicarul diocezan A. Giordani.

2 1 0, fo. 334; orig. italian; publicat de F. Pall, op. cit. , p. 235, doc . 1 3 .
41
Bucureşti, 1 805, iulie I 7
F. Summerers către nunţiul G. A. Severoli, despre neînţelegerile

ivite între preotul bisericii catolice din Bucureşti A. Rabici şi vicarul
diocezan Antonio Giordani, care nemulţumesc pe credincioşi. Cere
rechemarea acestuia din urmă şi numirea ca episcop de Nicopole, cu
41
reş edinţa În princ1jJatul m u ntean a provincialului
, Antonio Mengozzi, ce
se h� u c u ră si de Încrederea domnului .tări i.
'
Archivio delia S acra Congregazione di Propaganda Fide di Roma,

Scritture riferitc nei Congressi, Bulgaria e Vallachia, vol. VIII, fo. 1 3 8 -
0
1 3 9 v ; ori g . italian; publicat de F. Pall, op. cit. , p. 236 - 237, doc. 14.
42
Constan tinopol. 1805. i ulie 18
Ch. A rb11th11ot câtre lord Mulgrave, despre întrevederea avută cu

ambasadorul Rusiei A . I. ltalinski, privitoare la stadiul negocierilor
in iţiate pentru Încheierea unui tratat de alianţă cu Poarta împotriva
Fran ţei. Se sugerează obţinerea permisiunii trimiterii unei oştiri ruse de
15. OOO oameni în Afoldova şi Ţara Românească şi a unei garnizoane în
fostul oraş veneţian Parga, precum şi a unui corp expediţionar britanic la
A lexandria şi in Mareea Asigurările date de ltalinski de a ţine la curent
.
guvernul britanic cu a cţiunile Rusiei şi dorinţa cabinetului de la St.

Petersburg de a vedea Marea Britanie alăturându-se eforturilor depuse
în vederea încheierii unui tratat de alianţă comun cu Poarta.
Constantinople,
l 8 1h July 1 805
No. 3
My lord,
In my first Visit to the Chevalier d'Italinsky I received from him a

full Communication of the progress he had made in the Negotiation of his
Treaty.
He had then conferred with the Ottoman Plenipotentiaries on the
two first Secret Articles, relating as Your Lordship was informed by
Mehmed Arif Efendi, reis-efendi, Straton, to an eventual Coalition of the
Conduct to be held by Turkey in case of its being effected.
The Sublime Porte was at first unwilling to consent to any Articles
which had War for their obj ect; but after much Discussion they were
agreed to by the Turkish Ministers, and even in a manner which has
surpassed Mr. d'ltalinsky's most sanguine Expectations. By the wording
42
of the second of these Articles, which in fact is nothing more than a
Continuation and Sequel of the first, the Porte binds Itself to make
Common cause with Russia against France, in Case a Coalition should be
formed, and the Grand Signior seems virtually to place the Resources of
His Empire at the Disposal of His Ally, for in the Mode of conducting the
War He is to trust to the Wisdom of the Russian Emperor. Severa} other
Secret Articles remain to be brought forward. Two of them alone may be
considered as important, but those are of a nature to present such
Difficulties as cannot be surmounted without great Labour.
In one of them it is demanded of the Porte that the Emperor of
Russia with a View to thwarting the Designs of France, should have
permission to send from ten to fifteen thousand men into Moldavia and
Walachia, and that He should be allowed to place a Garrison in the Ex
Venetian Town of Parga ( ! ); That Great Britain also should be invited by
the two Powers to send a Body of Troops to Alexandria, and to take
possession of some Sea-port Towns in the Morea.
The other important Article contains Stipulations highly
advantageous to the Subjects of the Grand Signior who profess the Greek
Religion; and which, if agreed to, will authorise the Emperor of Russia to
remonstrate and indeed to interfere- in their Favour whenever they are
thought to be harshly treated.
Mr. d'Italinsky so little conceals from himself the arduous task he
undertakes in endeavouring to make these articles palatable to the Turk<;,
that in presenting them he has seemed to pause, as if he wee doubtful
whether it would be wiser to disclose them separately, or whether he
should make at once a full Communication of all he is ordered to propose.
He has preferred the latter Mode, and in . the Course of a few days
he is to have a Conference with the Turkish Plenipotentiaries, when all
the remaining Articles are to be laid before them.
It is at this moment in particular that I am desirous to be fumished
with Instructions. Mr. d'Italinsky gives me the most solemn Assurances
that the whole Treaty, both the public and the secret part of it, has been
concerted with His Maj esty's Government; and it is upon this Ground that
he asks for my support, which he conceives to be so necessary, that,
unless we act together, he does not think it likely that his Efforts will be
successful.
I considered the Subject with all the attention f which I was
capable, and I took the Determination of complying with his Request. In
other Times and under other Circumstances I should not so willingly have
supported the Measures which are going to be proposed; but as Affairs
43
are at present situated, an apparent Want of Confidence in the Intention of
Russia rn i ght be o f ser i o u s Detriment to His Maj esty's Interests.
l have thcrefore to express my Hope that my conduct will be
ap p ro v ed . Had His M aj csty been inclined to let the Renewal of His Treaty
keep pace w i th t h e Ru:::. s ian Negotiation, greater Facilities might have
been expected on lhe paii of the Turkish Government, an I should not
have had the same scruple in s upp 0 11 i ng my Russian Colleague, as so
sincere is the affection which we inspire, and such is the Confidence in
His Majesty's Loyalty, that even the Court of Petersburgh is viewed with
less jealousy when Great Britain becomes a party to its Measures.
The Anxiety evinced by Mr. d' Italinsky to have my support is of
i t sel f s u fficient to confirm this Opinion.
I have the honour to be with the greatest Respect,
My Lord,
Your Lordship ' s Most Obedient and Most
Humble Servant
Charles Arbuthnot
[Adresa: ] The Right Honourable

Lord Mulgrave & & &
[Pe verso: ] . . . B y the Mess<ange>r Ross

R<ecei ved> Sept<ember> 5
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/45 , f. 1 53 - 1 5 8,

43
Terapia, 1805, august 1 O
Ch. Arbuthnot către lordul Mulgrave despre incapacitatea

reis-fendi-ului <Mahmud RaifEfendi> de a face faţă crizei în care se află
Imperiul Otoman; încercările ambasadorului Italinski de a atrage Poarta
1.n coaliţia anti-franceză. Transport de trupe ruse cu un efectiv de 2. OOO
44
soldaţi spre insula Corfu şi insulele Ionice pentru a se opune armatei
franceze.
Terapia, l O th August 1 805
No. 1 0
My Lord,
. . . . As the preservation of the Turkish Empire is an obj ect equally

desirable and important, it is undoubtedly to be lamented that the
Management of the Foreign Affairs should not have been intrusted to a
person of greater Talents and Respectability than the present Reis Efendi.
The Determination however of the Emperor of Russia not to leave the
Defence of Turkey to her own most feeble Government, must of course
render it of less Consequence whether the Ministers that are chosen are
able or otherwise; and in fairness it must be owned, that, in Consideration
of their Incapability
to provide for their own Safety, it had in some Measure become
incumbent on their Ally to do it for them.
Your Lordship is however acquainted with Mr. d' Italinsky's
reasons for regretting that his Court had so openly avowed its Intention of
forcing this Government to a Compliance with its Wishes. His Regret in
this respect is naturally now increased, and particularly as in his opinion it
is nearly certain, that, without hazarding the Existence of all his
Influence, the same Concessions might in Case of necessity have been
less offensively obtained. But we must in part suspend our judgement
until the Answer from the Grand Signior shall have been received.
In the mean while it gives me great pleasure to be able to inform
Your Lordship that 2 OOO Russian Troops have within these few Days
passed through in their Way to Corfu; that a Line of Battle Ship with 1 00
Men on board is now in the Bosphorus; and that the Remainder of the
Reinforcements, so as to make the whole number in the Ionian Republic
amount to 20 OOO Men, may be expected very shortly.
I have the honour to be with the greatest Respect,
My Lord
Your Lordship' s most Obedient and
Most Humble Servant
Charles Arbuthnot
45
/Pe verso/. . . No. 1 O 1 lncl<osu>re
R<eceived> Sept<embe>r 22 d and night

By Sir A. Paget's serv<an>t
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/45, f. 227 - 233;
orig. în 1 . engleză.
44
Bucureşti, 1805, august 1 5
F. Summerers către nunţiul G. A. Severoli, exprimându-şi

satisfacţia pentru sosirea cu bine la Viena a provincialului A. Mengozzi,·
corespondenţa întreţinută cu misionarul Fortunato Maria Ercolani din
Şiştav privind neînţelegerile ce domnesc în rândurile comunităţii catolice
din Ţara Românească şi Bulgaria şi atitudinea reprobabilă a vicarului
diocezan A. Giordani.
Archivio Segreto Vaticano, Archivio delia Nunziatura di Vienna, vol. 2 1 0,

fo. 379-380; orig. francez; publicat de F. Pall, op. cit. , p. 238, doc. 1 5.
45
Terapia, 1805, septembrie 1 O
Ch. Arbuthnot către lordul Mulgrave despre eşecul încercărilor

diplomaţiei ruse de a face pe turci să subscrie la unele articole secrete ale
tratatului de alianţă tripartit, datorită refuzului Porţii de a consimţi la
ocuparea unor provincii ale Imperiului Otoman de către trupele ruse şi
engleze, în cadrul operaţiunilor de război duse împotriva Franţei.
Necesitatea de a menaja susceptibilităţile Porţii, care n-ar putea admite
ocuparea Moldovei de către ruşi, fără a dezlănţui o răscoală generală a
paşalelor subordonate. Apelul sultanului Se/im al III-iea la Arbuthnot de a
arbitra negocierile pe care Poarta le duce cu ambasadorul Italinski şi
acordul acestuia din urmă la soluţia propusă. Se cer instrucţii guvernului
britanic.
Terapia, 1 01h S ep<tem>ber 1 805
46
No. 1 2
[In cipher
desciphered]
My Lord,
. . . I am extremely concemed to inform Your Lorship that the

Russian Minister has not succeeded in persuading the Porte to accept the
most important of the Secret Article. They have ot is true, agreed to one
Additional Article by which they bind themselves to make Common
Cause with Russia in case the Sound should be occupied by the French
Troops; but in this Instance as well as in every other a Predilection has
been shewn for Great Britain as the Occupation of the Sound is not to
become a Cause of War untill a Concert for that Purpose has been entered
into and established with His Majesty. The Article however to which they
object with the greatest Obstinacy is the one which relates to the
Occupation of the Turkish Provinces by British and Turkish Troops.
I cannot, when writting in Cypher, detail to Your Lordship all that
has been said on this Subj ect by the Reis Effendi to the Russian
Dragoman; but it will be sufficient, for Your Lordship' s Information, to
leam that each Conversation has been mentioned by a Declaration on the
Part of the Porte, that War would be preferable to an Alliance founded on
such Principles. And it was not concealed from the Russian Mission that
as the Introduction of foreign Troops into Moldavia would be a general
Signal for Rebellion to all the Pachas, they would rather preserve the
Fidelity of their own Subjects, than deliver up their Independance for a
foreign Power, whose Friendship was offered to them, under
Circumstances so suspicious and degrading.
Notwithstanding this inflexible Resistance the most eamest Desire
is entertained to preserve an Alliance with Russia, and a Request was
made by the Grand Senior' s ( ! ) Orders, to act as a Mediator between the
Porte and Mons<ieu>r ltalinski. lt was not in my Power to comply with
the Request so far as to urge the Russian Minister to withdraw the Article,
for I had seen his Instructions, and I therefore knew them to be positive,
but finding further Perseverance on our Part would evidently avail
nothing, I had no scruple in taking upon myself to recommend an
Acquiescence to the Proposal made by the Porte, of letting the Question
remain at rest untill an Answer could be received from St. Petersburg to
an explanatory and confidential Letter which the Grand Segnior ( ! )
intends writing to the Emperor. The Russian Minister very readily
47
consented to this Proposal, for he was aware that no Efforts of His
·
Maj esty could obtain the desired Obj ect, and it appeared to him, that by
thus transfering the Discussion to the two Sovereigns, he might extricate
himself with Honour from his extreme<ly> Difficult and Embarrasing
Situation.
lt is his Intention also to go still further, for he feels it necessary to
infom1 his Court, that the Porte has solid reason for refusing the
Admission of Foreign Troops; and he will give it as his Advice, that the
Emperor, under the Pretext of granting a personal Favour to the Grand
Segnior ( ! ), should withdraw entirely that Article.
By strenuously supporting the Russian Minister in the first place, I
gave him the Pledge of unreserved Confidence which Prince Czartorysky
had taught him to expect from me, and proved to the Porte that Our two
Courts were acting on concerted Measures: By assuming the Part of
Mediator when Circumstances required a Change of Conduct, I enabled
my Colleague to make a Retreat which had become necessary and I
gratified the Turkish Govemment in a Manner which cannot fail to
increase it' s Confidence in British Friendship.
It will rejoice me, if on both occasions I shall be thought deserving
of Your Lordship' s Approbation .
. . . Y our Lordship 's most Obedient and mast Humble Serv<an>t
Charles Arbuthnot
[Adresa:] Right Honourable

Lord Mulgrave,
& & &
[Pe verso :] R<eceived> Sept<embe>r 22d and night
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/46, f. 3 - 1 4 v0 ;

46
Terapia, 1805, septembrie 18
Ch. Arbuthnot către lordul Mulgrave solicitând aprobarea

guvernului britanic pentru acoperirea cheltuielilor efectuate de
48
F. Summerers în calitate de agent diplomatic al Marii Britanii şi
reprezentant al Companiei Indiilor Orientale în Principate. În anexă, o
dare de seamă a lui Summerers, enumerând şi justificând cheltuielile
făcute între anii 1 800-1 802.
Terapia, l 8 th Sep<tem>ber 1 805
No. 1 8
My Lord,
. . . . I have the honour of inclosing for Your Lordship, perusal a

Copy of a Memorial I have received from Mr. Summerer, who acts as His
Maj esty's Consul at Boucarest.
The Appointment of Mr. Summerer originated with My
Predecessor Lord Elgin, and I do not believe that as yet it has ev�r
received the sanction of His Majesty's Ministers.
At the same time I must frankly own to your Lordship that it
would be a great detriment to His Majesty's Service, and also to the
Service of the East India Company, if there was not some public Agent at
Boucarest. This could be better explained to Y our Lordship by Mr.
Straton than by me, as his long acquitance with the bussiness of this
Mission, must have given him the knowledge of many circumstances of
which I naturally am still ignorant.
I believe however that there could be no necessity of allowing to
an Agent in Wallachia so large a Salary as Mr. Summeres has applied for.
I have the honour to be with the greatest respect,
My Lord,
Your Lordship, 'Most Obedient and
Most Humble Servant
Charles Arbuthnot

Lord Mulgrave,
& & &
[Pe verso: ] Re<c>e<ived> Dec<embe>r 2"d

By Mr. Straton
49
Precis
S.E. My Lord Elgin Ambassadeur d' Angleterre, ă. Constantinople,

ayant besoin d'avoir une personne accreditee aupres du Gouvemement de
la Wallachie, avoit expedie en fevrier de l' annee 1 800 Francis Fummerers
en qualite de Gentilhomme de son Ambassade: (La guerre qui existoit
alors ne lui ayant pas permis de lui donner aucun autre Caractere public)
pour gerer les affaires de son Gouvemement, vaquer au passage des
Couriers ( ! ), ayant des instructions particulieres, qui ont ete executees a la
satisfaction de ses Chefs, et ce qui plus est, il devoit faire passer toutes les
sommes necessaires en or et en papier pour les forces Britanniques en
E gypte: cette conduite ayant agree par l 'Ambassade de Con<stantino>ple,
et le refroidissement qui existoit entre la Russie et l 'Angleterre applani -
My Lord Elgin nomma l ' anee suivante Mr. Summerers, son Agent
Diplomatique en Wallachie; s'etant acquitte de ses devoirs avec
distinction, l' Ambassade lui a promis de s'interesser aupres du
Gouvemement ă. Londres, pour lui faire obtenir un poste fixe; ă. cet effet
Lord Elgin s' etoit occupe pour lui, et ecrivait plus d'une fois au
gouvemement. Cet Ambassadeur avant son depart de Constantinople
demanda au nom de S<a> M<aj este> pour que la Sublime Porte le
reconnaisse en la qualite de son Consul G<enera>l pour la Wallachie et la
Moldavie, c:e que Sa Hautesse accorda d' autant plus volontiers, que ls
Rapports qui avoient ete donnes par les Princes consecutifs sur la
conduite de Francis Summerers etoient tres favorables au demier. La
Sublime Porte donna des Fimans de coutume, et Sa Hautesse daigna
accorder ă. ce nouveau E tablissement un Benat Imperial, remis
officiellement ă. l ' Ambassade de l 'Angleterre pour sa Garantie.
My Lord Elgin, Monsieur Drummond, et Monsieur Straton,
n'ayant pas rec;u des ordres positifs du Gouvemement de S<a> M<aj este>
pour lui fixer des appointments convenables, avoient trouve ă. propos de
lui laisser en Recompense de ses services passes sa Pension de
Gentilhomm d' Ambassade pres la Sublime Porte, pension qui ne montoit
qu' ă. seuls p<iastres> 3 000, avec la quelle il ne pouvoit vivre en sa
-
qualite susdite: cette somme meme ne lui a ete payee depuis le depart du
Lord Elgin, sous pretexte que son banquier n'avoit pas eu entre ses mains
des sommes ă. disposer.
Les Ambassadeurs consecutifs amves ă. Constantinople,
repondaient aux Memoires de Mr. Summerers, qu' ils prendroient en
consideration sa j uste demande; mais des affaires - d'un p lus grand poids
avoient fait mettre de câte Ies interets du susdit. Mr. S urnmerers sert avec
50
zele le roi d 'Angleterre, la Compagnie des Indes, et la Compagnie
Anglais du Levant; il ne peut absolument vivre dans ces deux Provinces,
sans avoir au moins la somme de p<iastres> 1 2 OOO par annee, qui
pourroit etre distribuee entre Ies trois Services, qui a Londres sont tout-a
fait separamment payes. Mr. Summerers n'epouvant pas vivre en 1 800,
1 80 1 et 1 802 avec Ies seules ( ! ) p<iastres> 3000 il a du contracter des
dettes, qui unies a celles qu' il a du faire pour vivre depuis le moment du
depart de S<on> E<xcellence> Lord Elgin jusqu'a ce j our, cette Somme
monte a plus de p<iastre> 25 OOO, qu' il doit tant aux. Negociants de cette
ville, qu' a ceux de Vienne et Constantinople. L'on peut observer, que
depuis 1 802 jusqu ' a ce j our, Francis Summerers n'a pas presente son
Compte des frais extraordinaires pour le Service de 1 ' Angleterre en gage
des J anissaires, Commis des voyages, la Reception de son Arnbassadeur
Drummond, & & depenses qui montent a une autre Somme assez
considerable.
La cherte des Maisons et des vivres et Mr. Summerers etant oblige
de soutenir l'honneur de sa nation et vivre avec ce desinteressement qui
caracterise l'honnete homme l'obligent a ne pouvoir pas vivre ici a moins
de la Somme exposee de p<iastres> 1 2 OOO par annee n ' ayant aucun
revenant ( ! ) bon, ni autre Emolument quelconque.
Si j amais l'on veut s 'interesser en faveur de Francis Summerers, il
faut lui faire avoir ses appointements du moment que S<on>
E<xcellence> Lord Elgin a quitte C<onstantino>ple et lui faire payer ses
Comptes Extraordinaires, dont il paye ici a des Negociants du Pays Ies
Interets a raison de 1 2 pour Cent par an.
Dans le cas que le Gouvemement Anglais ne voudroit pas faire
continuer le Poste de Bouccarest, il faudoit dans ce cas la faire donner a
Mr. Summerers un autre poste Hon<ora>ble en Turquie, qui puisse le
recompenser de ses Services, et de tous Ies sacrifice qu' il a fait pour le
Gouvemement Britanique.
[Pe verso:] Inclosure in Mr. Arbuthnot's

No 18 of 1 8 th Sep<tembe>r 1 805
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/46, f. 75 - 76 v0 ;

orig. în I. engleză, anexa, f. 77 - 8 1 v0 ; copie în 1 . franceză.
51
47
F. Summerers către lordul Mulgrave, despre misiunea emisarului

lui Bonaparte, <Amedee> Jaubert şi a secretarului de legaţie al
ambasadei franceze din Constantinopol, <Pierre> Parandier, trimişi în
Persia spre a combate influenţa Rusiei. Încercările rezidentului francez la
Bucureşti, Sainte-Luce, de a se disculpa de atacurile lansate împotriva
boierilor lui Constantin vodă Jpsilanti de "Moniteur universel " din Paris
şi pretinsa sa intenţie de a demisiona din slujbă.
Bouccarest ce
28 Septbre 1 805
My Lord!
Je j ' empresse d' informer Votre Excellence que dans ce moment je

viens d'apprendre que Bonaparte a expedie son Ami Jaubert avec une
commission secrete en Perse, et que Parendier ( ! ) a ete releve de
Constantinople pour y aller aussi, et contrequarer avec le premier Ies
transactions de la Cour de Russie dans cette partie du Globe.
S<ain>te-Lu ce, Commissaire Frarn;ais en W allachie, a fait
repandre le bruit, qu'il desaprouvoit au non plus le contenu du Paragraphe
insere dans le Moniteur contre les Boyards de ce Prince, et que pour
donner une preuve de son innocence il alloit transmettre par premier
Courier ( ! ) sa demission a Talleyrand; ses fonctions etant nulles dans un
Pays on l'on se plait a croire, qu' un Agent Diplomatique de la France
puisse etre l 'auteur de ces Diatribes. Je suis d'opinion, que c 'est encore
une gasconade de sa part pour couvrir son j eu, et pour passer dans
l ' op inion du Prince comme etranger a tout ceci.
Le conduite que la France tient a l'egard de ce Prince fait honneur
ă. ce dernier.
J ' ai l'honneur d'etre tres respectuesement
le tres humble et tres obeissant Serviteur
Fr. Summerers
Right Hon<ora>ble Lord Mulgrave
52
His Maj esty's First Secretary
of State for Foreign Affairs
& & &
[Endorsed] Rec<eived> Nov<ember> 1 6

original în I. franceză; publicat în traducere română în Călători străini
despre ţările române. Serie nouă, voi. I, p. 224 - 225.
48
F. Summerers face cunoscut lordului Mulgrave decesul la Varna

al ministrului spaniol la Poartă, Jose Ocariz.
Bouccarest le 30 Septembre 1 805
My Lord !
Dans ce moment je re9ois des nouvelles des bords du Danube, et

j ' apprends que Mr. d'Occaritz, Envoye d'Espagne, qui est parti ces jours
ci pour sa rendre a son Poste a Constantinople, est mort a \Vama au
moment de s 'embarquer sur la Mer Noire.
J'ai l 'honneur d'etre avec le devouement le plus absolu.
My Lord !
de Votre Excellence
le tres humble et tres
obeissant Serviteur
F. Summerers
[Adresa:] Right Hon<ora>ble Lord Mulgrave

His Majesty's First Secretary
of State for Foreign Affairs
Bouccarest Sept. 30 M. Summerer ( ! )
53
Rec<ceived> Nov<ember> 1 6
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/46, f. 1 20 - 1 2 1 v0 ,

orig. în l . franceză.
49
Bucureşti, I 805 octombrie I 5
F. Summerers către George Hammond, sub-secretar de stat

pentru afacerile externe al Marii Britanii, despre dificultăţile sale
financiare provocate de lipsa unui salariu, înşirând sumele cheltuite cu
începere din 1 800 pentru necesităţile de serviciu.
Bouccarest le 1 5 Oct<o>bre 1 805
Monsieur !
Ie profite du passage de Mr. Alex. Straton pour Londres, pour

avoir l 'honneur de Vous informer sur ma situation actuelle, avec priere de
vouloir bien en informer le Secretaire d ' Etat et lui faire rappeller les
sollicitations de S. E. Monsieur Arbuthnot en ma faveur.
Vous saurez sans doute Monsieur que j e me trouve a Bouccarest
depuis l ' annee 1 800, toujours dans l 'espoir d'etre mis a la tete d'un
Etablissement fixe. L'Ambassade de S<a> M<aj este> a Constantinople
m ' a toujours promis de l 'effectuer quand plusieurs circonstances ont
differe cet heureux moment pour moi. Dans cet espace de temps j e me
suis ruine en depenses pour soutenir ce Poste, et finalement apres avoir
fini toutes Ies ressources que j 'aurais pu tirer de ma propre famille, j ' ai
ete oblige de contracter des detes ( ! ) au-dessus de mes moyens, pour faire
face aux depenses continuelles tant pour mon existance, que celle de mes
Employes subaltemes, comme un Secretaire, des Janissaires pour la
Service de S<a> M<aj este> & &. Ne pouvant plus soutenir le poid de
toutes ces depensens, j 'ose vous demander Monsieur, la permission de me
prevaler de Votre Canal, pour interesser le tres Honorable Lord Mulgrave,
de j etter un coup d' ceil sur mes interets et de vouloir bien recompenser un
fidel ( ! ) serviteur du Gouvemement Britannique, qui depuis six annees
sert avec toute la difelite requise. Si jamais le Poste de Bouccarest ne
pourroit pas se fixer en y faisant cooperer en meme temps la Compagnie
des Indes et celle du Levant, il semit au moins tres juste de me sonner une
54
meilleure situation dans le Levant pour etre a meme de me tirrer d'affaire
et payer mes dettes.
Depuis 1 800 j e depense environ P<iastres> 1 2,000 par an, ne
pouvant pas vivre a moins, vu la cherte des vivres. Ci-j ointe Vous
trouverez Monsieur la liste de toutes les sommes que j 'ai touche ( ! )
depuis mon arrivee ici a compte de mes appointemens. L'on m ' a fait des
accomptes j usqu'en 1 803 et depuis ce temps la je n'ai pas rec;u le sou, de
maniere que j e ne sc;ais ou donner la tete, si j e ne suis pas indemnisee par
le Gouvemement de S<a> M<ajeste> pour mes appointemens, qui
doivent etre fixes depuis le moment de mon arrivee ici, que par le
remboursement de tous mes fraix ( ! ) extraordinaires par une gratification.
Persuade de la justice de ma cause, et de la generosite du
Gouvemement envers Ses Serviteurs zeles, j 'ose Vous prier encore une
fois de pousser mon affaire en avant, et de vouloir bien me donner
quelque nouvelle satisfaisante sur ce suj et.
Veuillez bien Monsieur agreer d' avance toute ma reconnaissance
pour l ' embaras que je Vous cause et esperant de recevoir bientât quelque
nouvelle consolante, j ' ai 1 ' honneur d' etre tres respectueusement.
Monsieur !
obeissant serviteur
Fr. Summerers
[Adresa:] George Hammond Esq<ui>re
Under Secretary of State
for Foreigns Affairs
at London
Les Sommes suivantes ont ete payees a Francis Summerers,

Consul General de S<a> M<ajete> en Wallachie et Moldavie, Resident a
Bouccarest, par l ' Ambassade de Constantinople, sous la Direction de My
Lord Elgin, qui a cree cet
Etablissement savoir
en 1 800 re9u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P<iastres> 3 .000

1 80 1 dto „ 3 .000
o
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
t
1 802 d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . 000
1 803 dto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.000
en tout P<iastres> 1 3 .000
55
a compte des appointments qui devoient se fixer pour lui a Londres.
Bucharest 8 ber l 5th 1 805

Fr. Summerers
In Mr. Summerers' Oct. 1 5

Bouccarest oct. 1 5
Mr. Summerers
Rec<eive>d Nov<ember>
One Inclosure on the subject of his appointments
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/46, f. 1 67 - 1 69 v0 ,

1 70 v0 ; orig. în 1 . franceză.
50
[Bucureşti}, 1806, februarie 9
F. Swnmerers către M. Merkelius, cu rugămintea de a viza

paşaportul unui curier de cabinet britanic în drum spre Viena.
Dimanche le 9 Fevr<ier> 1 806
Le Sous<s>igne prie Monsieur l' Agent Imp<eria>l & Roy<a>l de

Merkelius, de vouloir bien faire viser Ie Passeport ci-inclus d'un
Cour<r>ier de Cabinet, qui part dans la joumee pour Vienne.
Fr. Summerers

51
[Bucureşti}, 1806, februarie 9
F. Summerers către M Merkelius, cu rugămintea de a viza

paşaportul unui alt curier englez, căpitanul Mathew Rogerson.
56
Dimanche le 9 Fevr<ier> 1 806
a midi
Le Sous<s>igne a l'honneur d'envoyer â Monsieur l ' Agent

Imp<eria>l & Roy<a>l de Merkelius un autre Passeport d'un Cou<r>ier
Anglais, avec priere de vouloir bien le faire viser.
Fr. Summerers
9. febr. Capitain in Engl<ischen> Dienste Rogerson Mathews

nebstbedient<er> Const. Sturmis 29 Jan. < 1 > 806.

lada XL, legătura II, doc. 9, orig. în l. franceză.
52
Bucureşti, 1 806, aprilie 2
F. Summerers către Charles James Fox, Secretar de Stat pentru

afacerile Externe, expunându-i istoricul numirii sale în calitate de
reprezentant diplomatic al Marii Britanii în Principate, recunoscut de
Poartă dar neoficializat şi nesalarizat de guvernul englez. Cere achitarea
salariilor restante.
Bouccarest le 2 Avril 1 806

Nr. 1
Excellence !
11 suffit de faire arriver la voix de l'Equite â un homme du

Caractere de Votre Excellence et de Sa Renomee, pour la faire triompher
qu' Elle daigne lire le Memoire ci-joint, et je suis sauve.
J ' ai l 'honneur d' etre avec le plus pro fond respect de Votre
Excellence
le tres humble et tres obeissant
serviteur
Fr. Summerers
57
[Adresa:] Ă Son Excellence
Le trcs Honble Ch<ar>l<e>s Fox
Premier Secretaire l ' Etat de S. M. Britannique
Ayant le Depaiiement des Affaires Etrangeres
& & &
Londres
Mr. S ummerers
Bouccarest 21HJ Avri l 1 806
2 Inclosure R<eceived> May 3 by Mr. Burrell
Memoire
Francis Summerers fut nome ( ! ) par My Lord Elgin en 1 799

Interprete ( ! ) de l ' Ambassade de Sa Maj este pres la Sublime Porte.
En Fevrier 1 800 il fut envoye par Son Excellence â Bouccarest
avec le titre de Gentilhomme d' Ambassade, charge de veiller â
l ' execution de quelques affaires confidentielles, de faciliter l a
Correspondence d u Govemement, et de soigner le transport des sommes
destinees a l ' Annee de Sa Maj este en Egypte.
Monsieur l ' Ambassadeur ayant eu occasion de voir par le zele de
Mr. Summerers, et par la nature des interets qu'il avoit servis, combien la
position d� Bouccarest etoit devenue importante, surtout depuis que cette
ville etoit la route des Correspondances de !'Europe, obtinu un Berrat /:
Diplome Imperial : I et des Firmans de la Porte, pour y etablir un Consul
G<eneral> des Principautes de Walachie et Moldavie, et honora Mr.
Summerers de son choix pour remplacer cette Place.
En faisant cette disposition, Son Excellence en informa la Cour,
lui en montra la necessite, et lui demanda un traitement convenable pour
le nouveau Consul ; n ' ayant point re9u de response â cet egard, il reitera
plusieurs fois sa demande mais avec aussi peu de succes.
Les Successeurs de My Lord Elgin pres la Sublime Porte, temoins
comme lui du zele, de la conduite honorable et de l ' utilite des services de
Mr. Summerers, ont solicite, et toujours vainement, le tres Hon<ora>ble
Secretaire d ' Etat a Londres, de reggler son sort et de se rendre â la justice
de ses reclamations.
S<on> E<xcellence> Monsieur le Comte d'Elgin avoit regie â
Quatre Mille Piastres le traitement de Francis Summerers, lorsqu'il le fit
partir pour Bouccarest avec le titre de Gentilhom<m>e d' Ambassade.
N' ayant pu obtenir pour lui un sort p lus convenable comme Consul
58
G<enera>l lors de son depart de Constantinople, il jugea devoir au moins
lui continuer par un Acte Solemnei ses appointemens de quatre Mille
Piastres accordes lors de son depart comme simple Gentilhomme
d' Ambassade ,jusque au moment que le Ministere de Sa Maj este auroit
pris une determination sur le traitement a lui faire pour l ' avenir et le
remboursement a lui accorder pour le passe".
Par la lettre, dont copie est ci-jointe, que Lord Elgin fit a Mr.
Summerers l 'honneur de lui ecrire au moment de son depart de
Constantinople, l 'on vit evidemment l 'intention de Son Excellence et il
est cependant arrive que son Agent a Constantinople, charge du payement
de cette pension, en refusa le payement, disant pour raison, qu' il n'avoit
point de fonds.
11 est donc clair d'apres cet expose trop veritable, que Francis
Summerers n'a absolument rien re9u depuis 1 803 pour son service
comme Consul G<enera>l, pas meme pour son titre de Gentilhom<m>e
d' Ambassade, ni ses fraix extraordinaires pour le service de Sa Maj este,
et celui de l 'Hon<ora>ble Compagnie des Indes, quoiqu 'il soit egalement
certain, que Ies Representants de Sa Majeste a Constantinople et a Vienne
lui donnent leurs ordres, et l ' employent sans cesse comme Consul
G<enera>l.
Independamment de la representation honorable a la quelle Mr.
Summerers se croit oblige en sa qualite de Consul pour Sa Maj este aupres
des Hospodars de la Wallachie et Moldavie, il est bon d'observer qu'il
n'y a point d' auberges a Bouccarest, et que consequemment il est force de
recevoir chez lui tous Ies Anglais qui voyagent au Levant, soit pour le
Gouvemement, soit pour la Compagnie des Indes, soit meme, pour leurs
affaires particulieres.
11 resulte de cet etat extraordinaire, qu' en servant utilement, et
avec le zele le plus ardent et le plus constant Sa Maj este Britannique,
Francis Summerers a consume son Patrimoine, epuise sa familie, qu'il
s'est endete de 2 OOO f. st. Que ses creanciers le poursuivent a outrance,
et qu' enfin sa parte est inevitable, si le Gouvemement de Sa Maj este tarde
encore a faire droit a ses justes reclamations.
Constantinople et ces deux Provinces sont les temoins de la bonne
conduite, de la veracite de ses assertions, ainsi que de 1 ' affreuse position
ou il se trouve mais tout le monde aussi reste bien profondement
persuade, qu'un Monarque vertueux, des Ministres j ustes et eclaires, et
une Nation Magnanime, ne permettront point que Mr. Summerers j emisse
( ! ) plus long temps sous le poid de ces circonstances aussi malheureuses.
In Mr. Summerers' of April 2, 1 806
59
Copie d ' une lettre de My Lord Elgin Ambassadeur de S<a> M<ajeste> ă.
Constantinople, datee du 8 janvier 1 803 .
In Mr. Summerers' of 2d April 1 806
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/5 3 , f. 1 8 1 , 1 82 v0 ,

1 83 - 1 88, 1 8 8 v0 , 1 89 - 1 90, 1 90 v0 , orig. în 1. franceză, cu o anexă în
copie tot în 1 . franceză; duplicatul scrisorii, memoriului şi anexei f. 1 9 1 ,
1 92 v0 , 1 93 - 1 98, 1 98 v0 , 1 99 - 200, 20 1 v0 .
53
Corfu, 1806, iunie 18
Căpitanul William Martin Leake, emisar englez pe lângă Ali paşa

din !anina, către Secretarul de Stat Charles James Fox, informându-l
despre evoluţia insurecţiei sârbeşti, care n-a primit ajutorul scontat de la
ruşi, dar este, în schimb, urmărită cu atenţie de francezi. Dorinţa sârbilor
de a obţine de la Poartă un statut de autonomie similar celui existent în
Ţara Românească.
Corfu, June 1 8 1 806

Sir !
. . . . In Servia it does not appear that the Russian agents at Cattaro

have given any assistance to the inhabitants in their insurrection against
the Porte. The Servians have probably been actuated entirely by a motive
of impatience at the oppressions of the Turks, and a desire of having a
govemment similar to that of their brethren of Wallachia. The French
have lately entered into a correspondence with their chieftains, and it is
hardly to be supposed that our enemies would not be favourably regarded
by them in the execution of any enterprise against the Ottoman Empire . . .
I have the honour etc.
William Martin Leake

[Adresa:] To the Right Honourable
Charles James Fox
60
Principal Secretary of State for
Foreign Department
Fragment dintr-un document publicat de C. Mijatovic, op. cit. , p. 54, nr.
26, fără indicatie de cotă.

'
54
Bucureşti, 1806, iunie 1 9
F. Summerers către M Merkelius, cu rugămintea de a acorda un

paşaport contelui Trohberg, înapoindu-se în Anglia prin Ţara
Românească, Moldova şi Polonia, cu o precizare cerută de cancelistul
agenţiei austriece din Bucureşti, Von Der Renner.
Bouccarest 1 9 Juin 1 806
Le soussigne prie Mr. de Merkelius de lui envoyer un Passeport

pour mr. le Comte de Trohberg allant avec un domestique par Lemberg a
Londres par telle route qui lui sera la plus convenable.
Fr. Summerers
ne en Angleterre
Yeux chataignes ( ! )
cheveux -
taille grande
nez petit
âge 35 annees
De la agenţia austriacă: 11 p laira a Mr. le Consul G<enera>l de nous

indiquer encore la route que Mons. Le Comte est intion<n>e ( ! ) de
prendre partant d'ici, pour pouvoir faire le passeport en regle.
Pour la Chencellerie de l' Agence

Imperiale et Royale par son
tres humile et tres ob<eissant> serviteur
Von Der Rennen
61
[Răspunsul consulatului
englez: ]
Allant d e Bouccarest
& Jassy, Lemberg en
Angleterre

lada XL, legătura II, doc. 1 1 , orig. în 1. franceză.
55
Paşaport acordat pentru Viena prin Sibiu de cancelistul agenţiei

austriece la Bucureşti, Ioan Marco, la cererea lui Fr. Summerers pentru
curierul extraordinar britanic David Morier şi însoţitorul său, tătarul
Mustafa aga.
Bukarest den gten Iuly 1 806
Der Herr General Consul v. Summerers ersuchet die Lobl: K. auch

K. K. Hof-Consular Agentie um folgende 2 diese Passe:
li. Fur den Herrn David Morier, als Englischer Extr. Courier von
Buckarest nach Wien reisend nebst einen Bedienten. Herr Morier ist:
Gebiirtig in London.
Haare: Kastanienfarb.
Augen: Schwarz.
Hoher Statur.
Mitlerer Naase, reiset iiber Hermannstadt.
21. Fiir den Mustapha Aga; Englischer Tartar reisend nach Wien und
zuriick. Selbiger ist:
Gebiirtig in Constantinople.
Alt 30 Jahr.
Kleiner Statur.
Blaue Augen.
Blonden Haaren.
Kleine Naase, ebenfalls iiber Hermannstadt.
Jean Marco
62
lada XL, legătura II, doc . 1 2, orig. în 1. germană.
56
Fr. Summerers către Robert Adair, ministru ad-interim britanic la

Viena, despre schimbările intervenite în corpul consular francez din
Bucureşti, Iaşi şi Galaţi. Atribuţiile rezidenţilor lui Napoleon in
Principate: obţinerea de informaţii din Rusia şi Ucraina, supravegherea
mişcărilor de trupe ruse la graniţele cu Imperiul Otoman, răspândirea
gazetelor franceze cu ştiri tendenţioase, întreţinerea discordiei între
paşalele dunărene şi Poartă, spre a submina autoritatea acesteia,
încercările de a atrage pe domni şi boieri de partea Franţei. Atitudinea
pro-franceză a domnului Moldovei, Alexandru Moruzi, în contrast cu
aceea a lui Constantin Ipsilanti, simpatizant al Rusiei. Acţiuni de
discreditare la Poartă urzite împoiriva lui Ipsilanti: teama lui Summerers
de a nu-i fi interceptată corespondenţa de către agenţii francezi.
Bouccarest le 24 Juillet 1 806

No. 4
L'obj et principal de la nomination de Reinhard, Commissaire

G<enera>l de la France, Resident a Yassy, et de l ' arivee de Mr. Parant a
Bouccarest, ainsi que l'expedition du Capitaine Martin en qualite de Sous
Commissaire au Port de Gallatz, paroit etre dans ce moment d'observer la
conduite des Employes Russes a la frontiere, de bien connaître les
mouvemen<t>s et Ies ordres du Cordon Russe, et de faire entrer en Russie
divers Agen<t>s Secrets deguises soit en habit Juif, soit en habit de
paysan, et de toute autre maniere, pour etre bien informes de tout ce qui
se passe, et travailler sourdement a revolutionner le pays. Ces
Commissariats Fram;ais ont en meme tems des ordres pour preparer,
Ies esprits dans ces Provinces, et en disseminant mille faux rapports
contre le Russie, ils ne cherchent qu'a eloigner tous Ies Boyards du parti
Russe en exaltant leurs esprits, et en leur insinuant qu'il n'y a que le
Gouvernement Fran�ais qui puisse rendre a la Nation Grecque sa liberte
avec son ancien ( ! ) splendeur; ils ne cherchent que des dupes; et ils en
63
trouvent en assez grand nombre; ils sont entoures d' espions et
d' Agen<t>s secrets, destines pour preparer les esprits non seulement dans
ces deux Provinces de la Wallachie et Moldavie, mais ce qui pis est dans
plusieurs autres pays de nos allentours.
L ' Etablissement Frarn;:ais en Moldavie a la direction des intrigues
de Bonaparte en general : dans les Provinces trans-Danubiennes de
l ' Empire Ottoman on pourroit reduire les objets principaux de ses
transactions â quatre:
Le premier et le but le plus interessant c ' est Ies intrigues en Russie
et dans l 'Ukraine; j e ne sais pas comment ces gens la font, mais ce qu'il y
a sur, c'est qu ' a force d'argent ils sont instruits Ies premiers de ce qu'il
leur importe de savoir des pays susmentionnes; ils sont, si bien servis,
qu ' ils rec;:oivent les nouvelles les plus interessantes de Petersbourg,
Moscou, & au moins une semaine avant les autres.
Le second obj et principal de ces intriguan<t>s c' est la Bessarabie;
ce sont eux qui informent exactement tous les Pachas et Gouverneurs des
fortresses d ' Ismail, Hotchim, Killy, Ackerman, & & de tout ce qui se
passe sur le Cordon de la Russie, ce sont eux memes qui avec des
presen<t>s fomentent adroitement Ies inimities, et les querelles des
Pachas entre eux, et qui s 'occuppent a rendre de jour en jour plus odieux
encore le nom de Russe dans la Bessarabie. Le Gouverneur de Bender,
Hassan Pacha, que j e connais beaucoup personellement, est le seul, ce me
semble, qui connaissant la vraie situation et la faiblesse de l'Empire
Ottoman, s ' est conduit j usqu ' â present d'une maniere aussi palie avec les
Russes, qu'il est soupc;:onne â juste titre etre secretement un de leurs
partisans. Quelques emissaires sont charges de faire passer aupres des
Pachas de la Bessarabie la traduction en Turc des Gazettes Franc;:ais, et de
tous les faux rapports que Bonaparte fait imprimer officiellement dans
son Moniteur au moment de son acces de folie, car tel doit etre l ' etat
·
d'un homme, qui sous son autorite fait publier des rapports aussi faux,
qu'insultan<t>s pour !'Europe entiere; ces Emissaires ont des ordres a
publier dans ces pays la toute puissance (imaginaire) de Bonaparte; par
exemple, la ridicule adresse de Napoleon â ses soldats contre le Royaume
de Naples a fait une telle impression dans Ies esprits barbares des
habitan<t>s de la Bessarabie, que le Pacha de Bender a ete force de
demander Ies details circonstancies, qui probablement aura fait passer a
son Gouvernement. Ces Agen<t>s Franc;:ais font continuellement la Cour
a tous ces Pachas, en leur envoyant tres souvent des presents d'un assez
grand prix.
64
En troisieme lieu les intrigues de Talleyrand et de Fouche,
confiees aux soins des Etablissements Fran9ais dans ces pays, se boment
a fomenter sourdement la discorde entre les Gouvemeurs et les
habitan<t>s des Bords du Danube, depuis Vidinn ( ! ) jusqu'a
l'embouchure de la Mer Noire. Tous les habitan<t>s sont portes a preferer
Ies Fran9ais aux Russes, et il faut avouer que ces Commissaires ont
trouve le moyen a leur faire toumer la tete a force de les travailler. Entre
les Gouvemeurs des Bords du Danube il faut en excepter Ismail Aga
Tersenicloglou, Gouvemeur de Rousciouk, a qui ont peut rendre cette
justice de ne pas etre partisan Fran9ais; il hait solemnellement ( ! ) cette
Nation, sans avoir de la predilection pour aucune autre; on ne pourroit pas
dire de meme du Rebelle Yelickoglou, Gouvemeur de Silistrie, qui
souvent d'accord avec Pazvandoglou de Vidinn, estime infiniment le
Gouvemement Fran9ais. Les Partisans de cette demiere nation s' ettendent
jusqu' a Constantinople, par Adrianople ( ! ) meme, ou la plus part des
Agas sont gagnes par des Emissaires secrets.
Mais le demier et principal but de ces Etablissemen<t>s consiste
aux soins qu' ils ont de caj oler les Princes de la Wallachie et Moldavie, et
de les ranger de leur câte; ils ont reussi a force d'intrigues de gagner le
Prince Alexandre Mourousy, Hospodar Regnant de la Moldavie, qui sans
contredit est un des partisans tres zeles de la France. La Cour de St.
Petersbourg a ete minutieusement informee de cette circonstance par le
Conseiller d' Etat Bolcounoff, qui ne cesse d' adresser a Sa Cour par
chaque occasion des nouvelles preuves de la partialite de Mourousy pour
les interets de la France.
L'on ne pourroit pas <lire la meme chose pour lpsilanthy, Prince
Regnant de la Wallachie, qui fait tout son possible pour se maintenir dans
Ies principes qu'il a devoiles jusqu'a present et qui certainement sont tres
opposes aux interets et vues de Bonaparte, qui lui a fait faire des avances
par des voyes differents, et qu'il rej etta avec beaucoup d'adresse. Le
Prince Ypsilanthy est tellement persecute dans ce moment par Ies
intrigues de la France, qu' il risque de perdre sa Place de Prince de la
Wal/achie si la Russie ne tient main forte aux demieres Stipulations entre
cette Cour et le Divan de Constantinople. Les Fran9ais voyant qu' il n'y a
pas moyen de gagner Ypsilanthy ici, ils intriguent pour faire venir un
Prince Grec de leur parti, probablement de la famille Callimaquy ou
Souzzo. Demierement l'Envoye de Russie a Constantinople a fait savoir
par une Note Officielle aux Ministres de la Porte, que toute infraction aux
demieres · stipulations sur la Wallachie et Moldavie sera regardee par la
Russie comme une Declaration de guerre: cette Notification a intimide
65
tant soit peu Ies intrigues des Grecs a Constantinople; ii faut voir a present
la tournure que toutes ces affaires prendrent a l ' arrivee de l ' intriguant
Sebastiany a Constantinople.
Le Commissariat Frarn;:ais a Gallatz ettend ( ! ) ses intrigues tout le
long des cotes de la Mer Noire jusqu' a Vama: tous ces pays la sont
surveilles par un tas d'espions de la France, qui sont pour la plus part des
gens du pays, entre autres beaucoup de Juifs.
Quant aux Employes de la France en Wallachie dirriges (!) par
ceux de Yassy, ils ont le soin de faciliter la Correspondence ( ! ) de la
France avec la Turquie, la direction des intrigues des Bords du Danube, et
de l 'interieur de cette Province.
Outre cette besogne qui demande beaucoup d' activite, ils ont un
tres grand soin de connaître Ies transactions confidentielles de la Russie
dans ces deux Province; ils surveillent sans discontinuer la conduite du
Prince Ipilanthy et ces Employes Subalternes, et ne manquent pas de
rapporter a leurs Chefs tout ce qui se passe; mais d'une manieres tres
exageree, et contraire aux interets de ce brave Prince.
Je suis informe d'une maniere a ne pas en douter (ce qui m ' a fait
redoubler de soin et d'attention) qu'ils avoient en dernier lieu re9u l'ordre
de surveiller la Correspondence ( ! ) de Angleterre avec la Turquie et s'il
falloit meme de saisir Ies Depeches Anglaises, surtout celles qui arrivent
des Indes; cette circonstance m' oblige de prendre toutes Ies precautions
immaginables pour prevenir des desagremen<t>s causes par la perfidie de
leurs intrigues.
F. Summerers
[Pe verso:] Mr. Summerers

to Mr. Adair No. 1
R<eceived> by Falconer August 30
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/53, f. 209 - 2 1 4,

orig. în I. franceză; publicată în traducere română în Călători străini
despre ţările române, Serie nouă, voi. I, p. 225 - 229.
57
Bucureşti, 1 806, iulie 30
Fr. Summerers către Ch. Arbuthnot, despre przmzrea făcută

consulului francez Charles Reinhardt la Iaşi şi a ambasadorului lui
66
Napoleon la Poartă, generalul <conte> Horace Sebastiani, în Bucureşti.
Atitudinea arogantă a lui Sebastiani faţă de mitropolitul Ungro- Vlahiei
Dositei <Filitti> şi boieri. Comparaţie deplasată cu atitudinea
mitropolitului de Muntenegru Peter I Petrovic - Njagos care a devenit
căpetenia mişcării răsculaţilor muntenegrini împotriva Porţii, reprimată
de trupele generalului francez <Jacques Law>, conte de Lauriston la
porunca lui Napoleon.
[Monsieur l 'Ambassadeur]
. . . A son arrivee a Jassy Mr. Rheinhardt ( ! ) fut aceueilli ( ! ) par le

Prince Mourousy avec des Marques de Distinction extraordinaires. On lui
rendit Ies memes Honneurs qu'on avoit rendus a Mr. Drummond,
Ambassadeur d' Angleterre, lors de son Passage il y a trois Ans.
Le General Sebastiani arriva a Bouccarest le 28 Juillct,
accompagne de sa Femme, de son beau-frere, d'un Interprete, et de deux
Aides de Camp. Le Prince Ipsilanti s' empressa delui rendre toute sorte
d'Honneurs, & lui fit de magnifiques Presen<t>s •.
Lorsque le General Sebastiani re<;mt la Visite des premiers

Boyards du Pays, il leur fit une harangue, en leur annorn;ant qu'il avoit
re9u des Ordres de son Gouvemement de se rendre en toute diligence a
Constantinople, pour soutenir & proteger la Porte contre Ies lntrigues de
ses Ennemis; qu'il etoit autorise a ne pas permettre que la Porte cedât un
pouce de son terrain; & que son But etoit de lui faire prendre un parti disif
contre Ies ennemis actuels de son Maître. 11 leur recommanda d' etre
attaches aux Interets de la Porte, & de ne pas preter l ' oreille aux lntrigues
des Employes Russes & Anglois, l' Intention de ces deux Gouvemements
etant, dit-ii, de Ies perdre, & leur propre Interet etant sans doute de
s'attacher a la France. Ce meme jour (30 Juillet) lorque la Metropolite de
la Wallachie se presenta chez lui avec Ies Archeveques, il adressa la
parole a ce Vieillard respectable, & lui ayant repete tout ce qu'il avoit dit
aux Boyards, il ajouta, qu'il avoit ete informe que lui, Archeveeque
Dositheos, Metropolite de la Wallachie, etoit un homme d'esprit &
respectable par ses talen<t>s; qu'il etoit persuade d'apres cela qu'il
employoit tout son tems, a precher, comme un bon Pasteur, la Charite
•
Text marginal: „La relation contient des details tres circonstancies, mais peu
interessans, sur les honneurs rendus â Mr. Sebastiani. On les supprime â cause de leur
longueur".
67
due au prochain, le Respect a ses Superieurs, & la fidelite au
Gouvemement Ottoman; qu' il ne suivroit pas !' exemple scandaleux du
Metropolite de Montenegro qui, prechant I' Anarchie & le
Mecontentement, s' etoit mis a la tete de sa nation, la Croix & Ies Armes a
la main, manquant par l a a ses devoirs comme Pretre & comme Suj et de
la Porte, de maniere qu 'il a merite la disgrâce de Napoleon le Grand, qui a
donne des Ordres au General Lauriston de la detruire afin que sa Punition
serve d ' Exemple. Il finit par lui dire: „Ainsi Monsieur l ' Archeveque
prenez garde a votre Conduite". Le Metropolite se trouva un peu
deconcerte; toutefois ii lui observa, que son Devoir etant de prier Dieu &
de vaquer aux Affaires de son Eglise, il n'avoit pas le tems de
s' occuper de Choses qui ne sont pas de son ressort.
Le General Sebastiani ordonna a l ' Eveque Catholique de
Nicopolis, Resident a Bouccarest, & aux autres Pretres de la Communion
Romaine, de precher la Subordination & la Fidelite pour Ies nouvelles
Dynasties, & de tâcher de publier, par-tout ou l' Occasion se presentera le
devoir d' etre attache aux Interets de la France. II prit meme sur lui
d'ajouter qu'il lui ordonnoit au nom du Ministre des Cultes a Paris, de
faire de ces Dispositions a ses Missionaires en Bulgarie dans le District de
Sophia, & &.
Le General Sebastiani a repete d'une fois dans ses Discours:
„Malheur a ceux qui se laisseront entraîner par Ies Intrigues des Anglois
& des Russes, car ils seront incessament chasses de la Turquie".
[Pe verso: ] In Mr. Arbuthnot's

No. 5 4 of Aug<us>t 25 1h 1 806
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/5 1 , f. 40 - 44, orig.
în I. franceză.
58
Bucureşti, 1 806, august 1
Fr. Summerers către Robert Adair despre przmzrea solemnă

făcută noului rezident francez la laşi, <Charles Reinhard>, de către
domnul Alexandru Moruzi; consulul rus din Moldova, <lppolit
Feodorovici> Bolktţ,nov, urmează să informeze Curtea din St. Petersburg
de acest eveniment. Sosirea la Bucureşti a generalului <conte> Horace
68
Sebastiani şi primirea sa solemnă de către Constantin Vodă Ipsilanti şi
boieri, iar a soţiei sale, <contesa Jeanne Sebastiani>, de către doamna
ţării <Safta Ipsilanti>. Dejunul oferit de diplomatul francez
notabilităţilor din principat, urmat de un bal dat seara la Curte.
Întrevederea lui Sebastiani cu unii boieri şi mitropolitul Dositei pe care
i-a avertizat de puterea lui Napoleon şi măreţia Franţei, făcându-se aluzii
la mişcările populare conduse de prelaţi, cea muntenegrină antiotomană
a mitropolitului Petar I Petrovic Njegos şi cea din regatul Napoli
antifranceză instigată de cardinalul Fabrizio Ruffo di Calabria < în
1 799>. Continuarea călătoriei lui Sebastiani la Constantinopol, prin
Rumelia şi Adrianopol. Neutralizarea unui spion francez, Georges
Constant, în Ţara Românească.
Bouccarest, le 1 Aout 1 806
II faut que le Prince Mourouzy, Hospodar de la Moldavie, ait la

tete tournee, car sans cela ii n'auroit pu a sang froid adresser a la frontiere
des lettres de Compliment pour Reinhard le qualifiant de Ministre
Resident, et de Commisaire General de l 'Empire Fran9ais. II a pousse son
etourderie jusqu'a envoyer a Skintey, a quatre heures de Yassy, une
Deputation de ses Employes pour complimenter Reinhard de la maniere
la plus affectueuse de son approche de Y assy.
Le Cortege que Mourousy a envoye a la rencontre de Reinhard a
,
ete, a ce que l ' on m a assure, le meme et tout a fait le meme que celui
envoye a la rencontre de Mr. Drummond, Ambassadeur d 'Angleterre
venant de Constantinople pour Londres et j e vois d'apres Ies details du
Ceremoniei avec lequel il a fait son entree Publique jusqu'a l'Hotel qu'on
lui avait prepare, avoir ete re9u au bas des Escaliers par Ies memes
Boyards et Authorites constituees, qui avoient re9u l 'Ambassadeur de Sa
Majeste.
J ' attends a tout moment Ies details de son Audience Publique, et
presque je suis porte a croire que Mourousy lui rendra sa visite; chose qui
n'est pas en usage pour Ies Consuls Generaux. J 'espere que Mr. de
Bolcounoff, qui m'a parle serieusement de tout cela, et qui me aroit tres
surpris d'une pareille conduite, ecrira le tout a Sa Cour, et nous verrons ce
qu' elle repondra. Mr. Bolcounoff a re9u par le dernier Cour<r>ier la
Decoration de l 'Ordre de S<ain>te Anne; il part dans quelques jours pour
69
Yassy, sejour qu 'il ne peut pas souffrir a cause de la partialite de
Mourousy pour la France.
Le General Sebastiani est alTive a Bouccarest le 28 Juillet,
accompagne de sa femme, de son beau-frere, d'un Interprete, et de deux
Aides [de] Camps; i l a ete re9u a un quart de lieu de la viile par un
magni fique Cortege que le Prince Regnant lui a envoye; il se mit dans des
carosses de la Cour a Six chevaux, precede et suivi par plus de 500
personnes, soit Amaoutes que pandours, en habit de Ceremonie. Le
Ministre de la Police ( ! ' Aga) ouvroit la marche, accompagne d'un grand
nombre de ses Employes et Gardes. Sebastiany avoit prettendu ( ! ) que le
Ministre de la Police y assistât a son Entree, et le Prince acceda a cette
innovation ( ! ) q ui n' a pas ete accorde ( ! ) a personne autre. Sebastiany a
,
ete re9u au bas de l ' Escalier de l ' Hotel, qu'on lui a destine par tous les
Employes de ce Gouvemement, par le Grand Chancellier (Logothet) et le
Tresorier ( Grand Vestiar) de la Province et par les Authorites constitues
des divers Departements; il ete de suite complimente au nom du Prince
par son Ministre de l ' Interieur et des Affaires Etrangeres. Aussitot arrive,
Sebastiany fit communiquer Officellement son heureuse arrivee au Prince
par le canal de son Mihmandar; le meme jour le Prince s ' est rendu chez
Sebasti any en Ceremonie avec ses Ministres, et escorte par une
Compagnie de Dehlys, une de Tufeckchys, une Compagnie d' Esclavons,
deux Compagnies de Pandours (troupe Nationale) et par une foule
d' autres Employes de Sa Cour, sui vi par neuf chevaux de main richement
carapa9ones ( ! ). Le Prince a ete re9u par cet Ambassadeur sur le grand
Escalier en grand Costume; la visite se passa en compliment<t> d'usage .
. La Princesse Ipsilanthy arriva aussi pour faire sa visite a M-me
Sebastiany; elle etoit entourree par ses D ames d 'honneur et ses
·Demoiselles d' Attours, par ses Ecuyers Cavalcadours (le Premier et
, ;Second P ittary) et par quelques autres Princesses Grecques; son Cortege
. etoit considerable; outre Ies Gardes d'usage elle etoit accompagnee par
,·l1n�·Cent,aine <;i' Albanois a cheval joliement habilles.
·; · <_;
'i Le 29. ·a ·}Q . heu�es dµ ma,tin Sebastiany a ete conduit avec le meme
Cortege de son Entree a l ' Audience chez le Prince, qui l ' a re9u au Seuil
de la. Porte avec. t,outes Jes ·distinctions_ inunaginables. M-me Sebastiany a
i �te ·.conduit� Separernent: a�ec„un Gorteg�J?rillant .chez la Princesse. Apres
tette Audience . . la_ · Co�rc ·�nv,Oya .:di;v:e.rş- ·p.re.Ş en!S08 ţi;�s riches a M-me
.Sebastiany� eL�n b.eai,l , Che ya.l 1 ·de:·:mai:tL.� l�A.mbas.şaseµr; comrne de
· ;coutume. aux. , Audiern�es: ale s- .Grands, ,Vi_si.rs ij· G9nst.a,nJi�P-l� ; ·ce_ meme
! . _ ,
, jour.-le Princ dQnna.:_.un1 gr.apdi ·;Oîn�r râcJ.JAA Jh�U.e . :de 1.41, . �iUl�� 1et1M'-:me
·-Sebastiany· a• ete · .q ond,uite;p�rt il l,lJ�rinc eşs� .et �<m; IP�fr p>arrJ� iPiJin�·�x� c
un suite tres nombreuse: le soir Sebastiany re9ut quelques visites, et
travailla pour une Expedition pour Constantinople.
Le 30 matin Sebastiany re9ut des Visites des Boyards : a midi il
donna chez lui un Dîner de Soixante Couverts; le Prince et Sa Cour y ont
assiste. Le soir ii y eut Bal pare a la Cour, et vers minuit il a pris cange du
Prince.
Le 3 1 a l ' aube du j our il est parti avec l' intention de traverser le
Danube dans la meme j oumee.
II ne seroit pas deplace d'observer ici, que lorsque Sebastiany a
re9u la Visite des premiers Boyards du pays, ii leur fit une harangue aussi
insolente que deplacee: ii commen9a par leur annoncer avec un ton
Dictatorial, qu' il avoit re9u des Ordres de son Gouvemement de se rendre
en toute dilligence a Constantinople, pour soutenir et proteger la Porte
contre Ies intrigues de ses ennemis; qu'il est authorise a ne pas permettre
que la Porte cede un pauce de son territoire, et qu'il va pour lui foire
prendre un parti decisif contre Ies ennemis actuels de Son Maître. II leur a
enjoint d' etre attaches aux interets de la Porte, et de ne pas preter J 'oreille
aux intrigues des Employes Russes et Anglais, et que l 'intention de ces
deux Gouvemements etoit de Ies perdre, et que leur propre interet est sans
doute de s' atatcher a la France, la seule Puissance gui a subjugue
I ' Europe: il finit par <lire mille autres betises.
Ce meme jour lorgue le Metropolite de la Wallachie s'est presente
chez lui avec Ies Archevegues, il tint un sermon a ce viellard respectable,
et lui ayant repete ce gu'il avoit dit aux Boyards, ajouta, qu'il avoit ete
informe gue lui, Archevegue Dositheos, Metropolite de la Wallachie, etoit
un homme d'esprit, et respectable pour ses talen<t>s, et qu' acet effet il
esperoit qu'il emploit ( ! ) tout son tems a precher comme un bon
Pasteur la charite due au prochain, le respect a ses Superieurs, et la
fidelite au Gouvemement Ottoman; qu'il espere meme gu 'il ne suivra pas
!'exemple scandaleux du Metropolite de Montenegro, gui prechânt
l' Anarchie et le mecontentement, s'etoit mis a la tete de sa Nation, la
croix e Ies armes a la main, se soulevant contre la Porte, manquant par la
a ses devoirs, de maniere qu'il a merite la disgrâca de Napoleon qui a
donne des Ordres au General Lauriston de le detruire, et donner un
exemple de sa punition. 11 finit par lui <lire: „Ainsi Monsieur
1' Archeveque prenez y garde a votre conduite". Ce Metropolite se trouva
tant soit peu deconcerte non obstant lui observa qu'un Eveque Grec peut
aussi bien qu'un Cardinal (voulant parler de Ruffo) aller a la guerre; mais
que son devoir etant de prier Dieu et de vaquer aux affaires de son Eglise,
il n'avoit pas le tems de s'occuper de choses qui ne sont pas pour lui.
71
Sebastiany ordonna a l ' Eveque Catholique de Nicopolis, Resident
a Bouccarest, et aux autres pretres de la Communion Romaine, de
precheer la subordination et la fidelite pour les nouvelles dynasties, et de
tâcher de publier partout ou l'occasion se presentera, les devoirs que l'on
a d' etre attache aux interets de la France; il eut l 'impudence meme de <lire
a l' Eveque qu' il lui ordonnoit au nom du Ministre des Cultes a Paris, d'en
faire part de ces dispositions a ses Missionaries ( ! ) en Bulgarie, dans le
District de Sophia, & &.
Sebastiany a plus d'une fois repete discours faisant a Bouccarest,
que malheur a ceux qui se laisseront entraîner par les intrigues des
Anglais et des Russes, car ils en seront incessamment chasses de la
Turquie.
L' intention de Sebastiany a son depart de Bouccarest a ete, a son
arrivee a Rousciuk d' envoyer sa femme et tout son monde voye de Vama
a Constantinople, et retenir seulement deux J anissaires, ses deux Aides
[de] camps et son Interprete Franchiny pour se rendre par terre a
Constantinople. Son intention est de passer par la Rumelie a Adrianople
( ! ), ou d ' apres les discours de Franchiny cet Ambassadeur a quelque
chose a faire, ce sera probablement de faire la le9on aux Turcs de cette
partie, et les mettre dans ses interets a force de presen<t>s, les exasperant
contre les Russes.
Sebastiany avant son depart d'ici a fait garroter un certain
George<s> Constant, suj et de la Porte, qui a servi les Fran9ais en E gypte,
en Allemagne et en Italie en qualite d'espion, et qui se trouvoit ici ayant
secretement des ordres de tâcher d' entrer en Russie; mais il portoit la
Cocarde, et ses ins[is]tances etoient infructueuses aupres des Consuls de
Russie, qui lui refusoient un Passeport. Sebastiany pour prouver au Public
que cet homme ne tenoit point a la France, et pour mieux en faire des
dupes, lui fit publiquement arracher la Cocarde, sous pretexte qu'ayant
fait enfoncer sa porte et examiner ses papiers, l ' on avoit trouve une lettre
de Petersbourg a son adresse, et que par consequent ayant des doutes sur
lui, il l ' arretoît ( ! ) comme espion Russe. Le lendemain apres lui avoir fait
la lec;:on et lui donne des Ordres secrets, on l ' a laisse courir la ville
vomissant des horreurs contre la France. Ce changement subite ( ! ) de
conduite et plussieurs autres circonstances, nous engagent a la ( ! ) croire
un homme tres suspect, et qui pour tout au monde ne doit p as passer en
Russie, qui sont tout a fait d'accord avec moi, et que l ' on aura soin de
Surveiller. Probablement le Moniteur en parlera de ce prettendu ( ! ) espion
Russe, qui n' est au fond qu 'un espion Franc;:ais dans toutes les regles.
72
Enclosed to Mr. Adair at Vienna,
R<eceive>d there Aug<ust> 1 2-th 1 806
R�eceive>d by Falconer August 30
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/53, f. 2 1 5 - 220 v0 ,

orig. în 1. franceză; reprodus şi în volumul Sud-Estul european în vremea
Revoluţiei Franceze. Stări de spirit, reacţii, confluenţe (coordonator
Alexandru Duţu) , Bucureşti, 1 994, p. 1 56- 1 62, iar în traducere româ
nească în Călători străin i despre ţările române, Serie nouă, vo i . I ,
p. 229 - 234.
59
Buyukder� 1 806, august 25
Ch. Arbuthnot către Ch. J Fox, despre mazilirea domnilor din

Principate de· către Poartă şi înlocuirea lor prin Scarlat Callimachi, fost
mare dragoman, în Moldova şi Alexandru Suţu, în Ţara Românească.
Numirea banului Alexandru Hangerli în funcţia de mare dragoman al
Porţii. Încălcarea flagrantă a convenţiei încheiată de Poartă cu Rusia în
1802 privitoare la numirea şi funcţionarea domnilor din Principate.
Atitudinea moderată a ambasadorului Italinski care s-a mărginit să
informeze pe dregătorii Porţii că va raporta guvernului rus situaţia
creată. Schimbarea domnilor este atribuită noului ambasador al Frantei,
generalul Sebastiani, ca un act de ostilitate împotriva Rusiei. Încheie�ea
păcii între Franţa şi Poartă a contribuit la scăderea influenţei ruseşti la
Constantinopol. Necesitatea ca Anglia să-şi întărească prestigiul în
Imperiul Otoman. Aprecierea pozitivă a atitudinii lui Italinski şi bunele
raporturi pe care le întreţine cu Arbuthnot. În anexă, un extras al
convenţiei ruso-turce din 24 septembrie 1802 privitoare la funcţionarea
domnilor în principate şi copia hatişerifului sultanului Se/im al III-iea din
septembrie 1802 de destituire a lui Alexandru Suţu ca domn al Moldovei
şi înlocuirea sa cu Alexandru Moruzi.
Buyukdere 25 1h August 1 806
73
No. 5 1
Sir,
It was yestercl a y settled at the Po11e that the present Hospodars of

Mo ldovia and \Valachia should be recalled and that Prince Charles
Callimaki, thc first Dragoman of the Porte, should be named to the
Govemment of MoldoYia, and Prince Alexander Suzzo to that of
W allachia. At the same time Mr. Bano Hanchery was appointed
Dragoman in the room of Prin ce Callimaki.
To give zou a perfect Idea of the Disrespect with which Russia has
been treated in this instance, it is necesssary I should transmit to you the
inc losed Paper, containing a Copy of an Hâti-Cherif of the Grand Signior
in 1 802, and an Extract from the regulations, respecting Moldovia and
Walachia, \vhich were published in the same year.
As no Accusation whatever has been brought against either of the
Hospodars who are now removed, there can be no excuse for breaking the
Convention, by which it was stipulated with Russia that seven years
should be the Period of each Prince's Govemment - And as no
Communication conceming the Change has been an intention of
discovering how far the Court of Petersburgh might with impunity be
insulted.
Mr. d 'Italinsky has thought it more prudent to take no other Step
than that of informing the Porte that he should immediately acquaint his
Govemment with this gross Violation of Treaty. He has felt that here his
remonstrances would be without effect. And when he tums thoughts
towards his own Govemment, he scarcely ventures to flatter himself that
any stronger measure than the one he has taken would be approved.
He fears on the contrary that this new Outrage will be conived at
and overlooked; tho ' he is firmly convinced that it is but the
Commencement of a new System, which, if not cheked in its outset, will
prove ere long most dangerous to his Govemment.
You will probably expect to hear that this measure has originated
with the French Embassador. In effect there are Proofs sufficient that it is
his Work; for some time ago Mr. Summerers wrote me Word, and I
apprised Mr. d' Italinsky of it, that a French Dragoman in passing thro'
Bouccarest to Paris had predicted what has happened; and it is also
certain that General Sebastiany has loudly proclaimed his Determination
of getting rid of all those who had advised the Connection with Russia.
74
I am rather inclined to imagine that the porte has been confirmed
in Its Intention of acting disrespect fully towards Russia, by the turn
which has been given to the Peace lately signed at Paris. General
Sebastiany communicated that Event to the Porte in terms most
humiliating for Russia; for in a note which he presented on the Occasion,
he congratulated teh Grand Signior on the Integrity and Independance
which France had guaranted for this Empire.
It was thcn for the first time that a Separate Peace, without the
Intervention of England, became aceptable to the Porte; for altho' it had
been falsely reported that Mouhib Efendi was dissatisfied at Paris, it was
certain that until the Stipulations of the Russian Treaty had been
explained, there was considerable apprehension lest the Reconciliation of
the Two Powers had been effected at the expence of îurkey.
As Russia has not chosen that Her Dignity should he suported by
vigorous Meausures, it would he absurd for Her to suppose that either by
friendly Remonstrance or by threats. She can now stern the torrent of
French lnfluence. She must retrace the Steps She has trod, or Her
Consideration must he gone for ever; and so unfortunate does appear to
have been Her Conduct, that it would be difficult to decide whether now
to assert Her Rights, or to continue to be insulted, would be attented with
the greatest Danger.
But I must still persist in giving it as my Opinion that our
Influence need not he lost as that of Russia has been. At least we can
redeem it when we please. We may not he able, nor should we wish, to
exercise such a despotic Sway over the Councils of the Divan as France
will do; but we have not been disgraced, either in Negotiation or in Arms,
and Turkey knows that in Her Maritime Provinces She can always he
assisted by our Friendship or injured by our Enmity.
lt will be sufficiently evident from what I have written that the
French Embassador is actively employed. In many Instances I can only
expect to he acquainted with his labours by seeing their effects; but all
tends to prove that against Russia in particular his Efforts are directed.
Not with standing the Peace, he continues to speak of Her
disrespectfully, and to such a degree that Mr. d'Italinsky feels embarassed
by the approaching necessity of seeing him. In respect to England his
conduct has hitherto been more than moderate. He has not that I have
heard said a single Word calculated to offend; but on the contrary he has
uniformely expressed himself with regard to my Country, and with regard
to me personally, in a manner to which of late years French Ministers
have been unaccustomed.
75
Y our most Obedient and Most Humble Servant
Ch<arle>s Arbuthnot
[Pe verso:] No. of Inclosures 1 -
ANEXA
Le 24 Sept�mbre 1 802
EXTRAIT DU NOUVEAU REGLEMENT CONCERNANT
LES PRINCIPAUTES DE VALACHIE & DE MOLDAVIE
Le Terme des Voivodes sera desormais fixe a sept Annees

complettes ( ! ) & entieres, a dater du Jour de leur aomination, & tant qu'ils
ne commettront point de delit avere, ils ne seront par destitues avant ce
Terme, en sorte que s'ils commettent un delit dans cet Intervalle, la
Sublime Porte en informera le Ministre de Russie, & si apres Verification
faite de cette maniere de part & d'autre, il conste ( ! ) & app ert ( ! ) que le
Voivode s'est effectivement rendu coupable d'un Delit, la Deposition sera
permise dans ce Cas seulement.
Le < 24 > Septembre 1 802
Hatti-Cherif (ou ordre ecrit de la
propre main du Sultan)
Mon Vezir,
Les Plaintes qu 'ont excitees le Vexations de l'Hospodar de

Moldavie * Aleko (Soutzo) sont parvenus a ma Connaissance Imperiale; je
ne puis approuver une pareille tyrannie. Le repos des habitan<t>s & le
maintien de nouveaux Reglemen<t>s forment l'objet de ma Volante
Imperiale. D'apres cela il est devenu necessaire de destituer l'Hospodar
Aleko. Ainsi pour proteger Ies pauvres suivant mon Intention &
maintenir le bon ordre dans la Province Vous deposerez Aleko & vous
nommerez a sa Place le Prince Alexandre Mourousy. Le Reis Efendi
communiquera l'objet au Ministre de Russie.
[Endorsed:] In Mr. Arbuthnot's

No. 5 1 of Aug<us>t 25 1h 1 806
• C'est le meme (malgre sa mauvaise conduite) qui vient d'etre fait prince de Walachie.
76
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/5 1 , f. 22 - 26 v0 ,
orig. în l. engleză; anexa, f. 27 - 28 v0 , copie în 1. franceză.
60
Buyukdere, 1 806, august 25
Ch. A rbuthnot către Ch. J Fox privind situaţia precară financiară

a lui Fr. Summerers şi necesitatea de a-l salariza având în vedere
importanţa poziţiei pe care o ocupă şi valoarea informaţiilor ce le
transmite. Despre moartea ayanului Tersenikoglu care ameninţase cu
detronarea sultanului <Se/im al III-iea>. Atitudinea circumspectă printre
dregătorii Divanului şi noi îngrijorări provocate de mişcările lui Kaadi
paşa.
Buyukdere 25 1h August 1 806

No. 54
Sir,
Mr. Summerers, His Majesty's Agent at Bouccarest, writes to me

constantly on what is passing in bis neighbourhood; and as the latest
letters I have received from him relate in great measure to the present
situation of Affairs in Rumelia, I have made such Extracts from them as
contain the most interesting Information.
These Extracts I have herewith the honour to inclose; and I should
wish very much to be allowed the Permission of again recommending this
Gentleman to your notice. His Situation, as I have stated before, is really
wretched; and if great zeal for His Majesty's Service can give him claims
to favour, I may fairly mention him as a Person who bas merited better
treatment. I need scarcely add that at the present moment an agent in the
Interior, who can give early Information of what is passing, could not
easily be dispensed with, and it would he difficult to find anyone who
could give better Proofs of unusual activity and Intelligence.
It appears from another Letter of Mr. Summerers, of ehich I have
given no Extract, that Tersenicoglou the day of his death has issued
Ordres for the assembling an Army of 35,000 men. Mr. Summerers had
seen him on that Day, and had been told by him that he would never
desist till he had dethroned the Sultan.
77
It is too early to decide whether his Death will intimidat the other
Rebels; but if Mr. Pisani is not mistaken, it is likely to have a contrary
effect. He has just written to inform me that the alarms of the Porte are
again returned, that it is suspected Caady Pacha will be obliged to retreat
instead of advancing, and that at any rate he must be further reinforced
before he can commence his operations.
As it is the Obj ect of the Porte not to let the Public become
acquainted with the real State of Things, and as all Communication with
the Interior is cut off, it will no appear surprising that I am obliged to give
Reports as they arise, without pretending to answr for their truth and
Authenticity.
Sir
Y our most obedient
& most Humble Servant
Ch<arle>s Arbuthnot
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/5 1 , f. 37 - 3 8v;

orig. în 1 . engleză; în anexă rapoarte Summerers.
61
I 806 iulie - august
Fr. Summerers către Robert Adair, revenind asupra

împrejurărilor numirii sale în calitate de reprezentant diplomatic englez
în Principate şi a necesităţii de a fi recunoscut oficial de autorităţile
britanice şi a fi salarizat, achitându-i-se totodată datoriile contractate în
interes de serviciu.
Nr. 2
Remarques sur la situation de Francis Summerers
En 1 800 Mr. Summerers a ete nomme par Lord Elgin Interprete

( ! ) du Roi aupres de son Ambassade a Constantinople.
78
En Fevrier 1 80 1 il a ete expedie a Bouccarest en comm1ss10n
secrette, avec ordre de deployer le caractere de Gentilhomme
d' Ambassade Anglaise et de vaquer aux transactions confidentielles qui
existoient dans ce temps la, soit pour les affaires de l'Europe, que pour
celles de l 'Egypte, etant charge de faire passer les Subsides pecuniaires
pour l ' Armee de S<a> M <aj este> Britannique en Egypte.
My Lord Elgin vu l'utilite d'etablir un Consul dans Ies Provinces
Trans-Danubiennes de l 'Empire Ottoman et ayant ete satisfait de la
fidelite et zele de Mr. Summerers, il a demande a la Porte des ordres pour
creer un nouvel Etablissement pour la Wallachie et Moldavie, ce que l'on
accorda immediatement en la personne de Mr. Summerers.
Monsieur le Comte d' Elgin en 1 801 lorsqu'il l'a expedie a
Bouccarest, il en a informe le Governement de S<a> M<aj este> de
l'utilite de cet E tablissement, demandant en meme temps qu' il lui soit
accorde un Salaire honorable. Cet Ambassadeur a ete oblige de reiterer
ses instances aupres des Ministres de S<a> M<ajeste> plus d'une fois,
pour avoir une response sur ce sujet; mais malheureusement pour Mr.
Summerers le Gouvemement de S<a> M<ajeste> n'a jusqu'a aujourd'hui
prononce sur son sort ni d'une maniere avantageuse pour lui, ni en sa
defaveur.
Les Successeurs consecutifs de My Lord Elgin a c;onstantinople
se sont empresses de soumettre aux yeux du Secretaire d'Etat a Londres
la situation de Mr. Summerers, sa conduite honorable, et la j ustesse de sa
cause; mais ces Depeches en sa faveur ont eu le meme sort que celles de
My Lord Elgin, et ii est reste jusqu'a aujourd'huy sans aucune response
decisive.
Lord Elgin en quittant Constantinople, ayant vu que le
Gouvemement Britannique n'avoit pas fixe un Salaire au Consulat de
Bouccarest, a ete oblige de prolonger par un Acte solemnei la Pension de
P<iast>res 4 OOO que Mr. Summerers recevoit en qualite de Gentilhomme
de son Ambassade, jusqu'a ce que le Gouvemement de S<a> M<ajeste>
auroit approuve ou desapprouve son existence a Bouccarest.
Par la ci-jointe Copie d'une lettre que My Lord Elgin a son depart
de Constantinople a adresse a Mr. Summerers, l 'on voit clairement quelle
a ete l 'intention de cet Ambassadeur, mais l' Agent de Lord Elgin a
Cons<tantino>ple, charge du payement de cette Pension, se refusa de la
payer, alleguant pour raison de n' avoir pas de ses fonds.
La Pension de P<iast>res 4 OOO bien loin de subvenir aux frais
considerables de cet Etablissement, ne faisoit que donner un Deficit
d' autres six a sept Milles Piastres par an.
Depuis le depart de Lord Elgin, n'ayant pas meme touche sa
Pension de P<iast>res 4 OOO, vu le refus de son Banquier, son Deficit ne
79
fit que redoubler jusqu ' a aujourd'hui . Ainsi apres �voir depen se tout �o �
bien de famili e, et s 'etre ruine de fond en combl e, il reste encore de�01r a
divers Negoc ians d ' ici la Somme de plus de f 3 500 St. �t dont il est
tourmente joumal lierement ( ! ) pour acquitter ses detes, qm ne fond ( ! )
qu ' augmenter a point de vue. II espere au reste . aue l � Gouve� ement de
S<a> M<ajes te> voudra bien prendre en cons1derat1on sa tr.es humble
,
suppliqu e, pour le mettre a meme d' acquitter ses detes, et dec1der le sort
du plus fidele de ses serviteurs., .
Dans le cas qu'un Etablissement a Bouccare �t n � SOlt pas
compatible avec Ia volonte du Gouvemement Bntann1q�e, �r.
Summerers se flatte que l'on voudra bien lui donner une a�tre .s1tuahon,
pour Ie tirrer du terrible embarras ou il se trouve de dev01r v1vre dans
l' etranger sans aucune ressource quelconque.
Fr. Summerers
0
<fo 225 v > Mr. Summerers
Nr. 2
to Mr. Adair
(giving an account of his situation at Bucharest)
R<eceived> by Falconer
August 3 0
0
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos . 78/5 1 , f. 1 04 - 1 06 v ,
0
orig. în 1. engleză; anexa, f. 1 07 - 1 08 v , copie în 1. engleză.
62
Buyukdere, 1 806, septembrie 8
Ch. Arbuthnot către Ch. J Fox, despre fuga lui Constantin Vodă
Ipsilanti în Transilvania şi amestecul prea vădit al Rusiei în Principate.
Intenţia Porţii de a-l chema pe Ipsilanti la Constantinopol printr-o
scrisoare de invitaţie a marelui vizir <Hafiz-Ismail paşa>. Primirea
noilor domni numiţi în Principate de către sultan; imposibilitatea lui Suţu
şi Callimachi de a părăsi Constantinopolul, din lipsa mijloacelor băneşti
necesare pentru a face cuvenitele daruri către dregătorii Porţii datorită
refuzului bancherilor armeni din capitală de a-i credita, temându-se ca
Rusia să nu recunoască validitatea alegerii lor ca domni. Expedierea
depeşei cifrate prezente direct la Viena printr-un curier special, fără a se
mai recurge la calea ocolită prin Summerers de la Bucureşti. În anexă
traducerea suplicei adresată Porţii de către mitropolitul Ţării Româneşti
80
şi Divan la 1 6 A ugust 1 806 privitoare la părăsirea principatului de către
Constantin Vodă lpsilanti care s-a refugiat la Braşov.
Buyukdere 8 th September 1 806

No. 6 1
Sir,
By Advices received from Bouccarest we leam that Prince

Ypsilanti has fled into Transylvania.
Some persons might consider this as an acknowledgement of his
guilt. By those however who are acquainted with the ways of this
Govemment, no such Idea could be thence inferred. The innocent are to
the full as often punished by the Porte as the guilty, - and as may not
improbably be very shortly seen in the instance of Cady Pacha, lts most
faithful Servants are always sacrificed when the Interest of the State
seems to mark the necessity of a Victim - but in the instance of the
Hospodar nothing has happened which common Prudence did not dictate,
for with a view to legalise his Deposition in the eyes of Russia, he had
been proclaimed a traitor, and it had been said publicly at the Porte that he
deserved to be beheaded. The fact is that the Court of Petersburgh seems
of late to have interfered much less than usual in the Affairs of the two
Principalities; and we may be very sure that unless they had been urged
on by Russia. Neither of the Hospodars would have been inclined to enter
into such intrigues with the Servians or with any other Rebels as could
excite the displeasure of the Porte.
lt is now very much wished by the Porte that Prince Ypsilanti
should retum to C<onstantino>ple, and to induce him to do it, a most
friendly latter has been written to him by the Grand Vizir ! He will
probably have the Wisdom to wait a while, before he puts himself in the
hand of his Ennemies.
I have the honour of inclosing a translation of a letter of
Justification written to the Porte, after the flight of Prince Ypsilanti, by
the Boyards of Walachia.
The new Hospodars have been received into the presence of the
Sultan, which is their Installation, and they are pressed very strongly to
set out for their Govemments. But their Departure has been impeded by a
difficulty which as yet cannot be surmounted. On the nomination of a new
Hospodar, Presents to an immense Amount are made by him to the
Officers of the Porte. The Armenian Banckers advance this Money, and
they are repaid from the plunder of the Provindence. As it is not supposed
81
that these Hospodars wi ll be permittd by Russia to remain at their � osts,
tbcre is no banker su fficiently bold to end his Money on so precanous a
Sccurity, and the consequencc is that Prince Callimaky and Prince Soutzo
can neither satisfy the clamorous Importunity of the Ministers of the
Porte, nor defray the expences of their new Establishments.
I had intented to have sent these dispatches as far as Bouccarest by
a Russian Messenger, but not being certain whether Mr. Summerers may
have persons with him to whom they can be intursted, I have deterrnined
to send them all the way to Vienna by one of my own Servants. As the
Post goes from hence only once a fortnight, and as intwriting by it I must
putt all in Cypher, it will be necessary for me in the present state of things
to go to the expence of dispatching Extraordinary Messengers very
frequently.
I have the honour to be with the greatest respect, S ir,
Your Most Obedient & Most Humble Servant

Ch<arle>s Arbuthnot
[Pe verso : ] No. of Inclosure 1
-
Rec<eive>d October 1 3 1 h by an E.
Indian Messenger.
ANEXA
TRANSLATION OF AN ADDRESS FROM

*
THE PEOPLE OF WALACHIA TO THE SUBLIME PORTE
The Archbi shop, Bishops, Priests, together with all the Tributary
Inhab1tans of Walachia, as well as the Civilians of the 1 5 1 , 2n ct , and 3 ro
.
Class on actual Service and otherwise, the Captains and „Vataahs" of this
Province, have the hoour to represent to the Sublim Porte thro ' this their
humble address, that on Thursday the l 61h August at 1 O � 'clock (aboot 4
P . M.) the „Vaivode" of Walachia Prince Constantin Ypsilanti, Your
Slave, began suddenly to prepare with a view to quit the Town of
Bouccarest. The Instant this was perceived, we all hastened to go to his
presence. When we asked the reason of this sudden Motion - and where
he meant to go - He answered us, that he was, according to his Custom,
•p . "
e margme : 2 8 ' August N<ew> S<tyle>".
"
82
going to Akoumadge (!)··, a Seat of his own about an hour's distance
from Bouccarest, for a change of Air.
Altho ' we all suspected, from the hurry of his Preparation and
from the looks of his Greek Attendants and other Servants and Soldiers,
that his Intention was to fly to some other Place - yet it was not in our
Power to prevent that „Vaivode" from setting out; the more so as no
Imperial Firman has been addressed to us to announce his Deposition (till
when we are submitted to him as our „Vaivode") and we durst not attempt
any such thing from the Number of Soldiers, and the quantity of Guns and
Ammunition which he had by him. He therefore set out, and instead of
taking the route to the above Country - Seat, he took the direction of
„Brashou" on the German Territory.
Consistently with the fidelity and Allegiance we profess to the
Sublime Ottoman Porte, we have the honour to acquaint It that the instant
this Event took place, we took every measure to secure tranquility and
prevent every disorder at Bouccarest; and that we are watchfully engaged
in keeping a good police, and in seeing executed every necessary Order as
well in the Capital as abroad. We give this Advice for the. Information of
the Sublime Porte, and We are all waiting such Orders for our Conduct
and Government as it may be lts pleasure to send.
In Mr. Arbuthn�t's No. 6 1
of September 8 1 1 806
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, TJl rkey, dos. 78/5 1 , f. 1 04 - 1 06 v0 ,
orig. în I. engleză; anexa, f. 1 07 - 1 08 v , copie în I. engleză.
63
Buyukdere, 1806, octombrie 17
Ch. Arbuthnot către J Ch. Fox, despre conferinţa ţinută la 1 5

octombrie c u ambasadorul Jtalinski ş i fostul kehaya bei privind
reînscăunarea domnilor maziliţi, Moruzi şi Ipsilanti. Ameninţări cu
moartea trimise lui Moruzi şi kapukehaielii lui Ipsilanti la Constantinopol
de kehaya bei dacă vor refuza revenirea lor in Principate. Trimiterea
secretarului ambasadorului englez, Pale, la reis-efendi <Sa 'îd Mehmed
Gaalib Efendi>, pentru punerea în aplicare imediată a hotărârii luate de
reinstalare a amintiţilor domni. Teama lui Moruzi de a accepta şi
investirea lui după multe ezitări. Rugămintea reis-efendi-ului către
Arbuthnot de a expedia o scrisoare adresată de sultan regelui Marii
• • Probabil Afumaţi, sat în judeţul Ilfov, unde se aflau case domneşti zidite sub
Alexandru Vodă Ipsilanti. domn al Ţării Româneşti ( 1 774 - 1 782, 1 796 - 1 797)
83
Britanii George al III-iea ş i corespondenţa către însărcinatul cu afaceri
al Porţii la Londra <Ioan Arghiropol>.
Buyukdere 1 ?1h October 1 806
No. 72
Sir,
On the 1 5 111 Instant the Conference with Mr. d ' Italinsky took place
according to Appoinment.
The Ex-Chiayd Bey was pesent and there was still an effort made
to negotiate. The Russian Minister however would of course listen to
nothing but the immediate and unconditional Restoration of the Princes,
which before they parted was agreed to in the manner that he required. He
assured me that they look leave of each other very cordially and this
indeed was that I had scarcely hoped for.
The Ex-Chiayd Bey was detennined to strive against us to the
very last. V ery late in the evening after the Conference was over, he sent
for Prince Mourousy and the Agent of Prince lpsilanthy and threatened
them with Death, i f they dared on the ensuing Day to accept the
Investi ture.
We heard of this almost immediately, and the next moming early I
sent Mr. Pole to the Reis Efendi, to inform him that should there e an
Attempt to delay the Conclusion of the business under any Pretext
whatever, the Russian Minister would I was certain set sail immediately.
The Reis Efendi lost no time in giving positive written Orders to
the Prince and to the Agent to make their Appearances when sent for.
The Agent came, and as proxy for Ipsilanthy received the caftan. The
Prince thro' fright at first refused to come, and he afterwards was not to
be found.
Again this Morning Mr. Pole ws at break of day with the Reis
Efendi, who was much provoked at what had happened yesterday. He
however sent a menacing message to Mourousy who at last promised to
go to the Porte, and I have j ust received a Note from Mr. Pole who is
there, in which he informs me that they were waiting for him.
Being anxious that my Messenger should go off directly I write
my dispatch, and shall just add a Postscript when the thing is done.
The Reis Efendi has begged me to convey a Letter from the Sultan
to His Majesty, and dispatches for the Turkish Charge des Affaires in
London. If I were to wait for them, the Messanger might b detained ten
84
days longer. I shall therefore send off another Messenger when I get the
Turkish Letter and Dispatches, and then I shall write at length conceming
the State of Parties here, as well as upon some other Subj ects about which
I have a good deal to say. I shall also relate some not uninteresting
_ particulars respecting General Sebastiani.
I hear he is in the very agony of despair. We have reason to thank
him for a great deal of very absurd Conduct.
Sir,
Your most Obedient and Most Humble Servant
Ch<arle>s Arbuthnot
Friday Eve<nin>g
1 th Oct<obe>r 6 o'clock
Mr. Pole is just retumed from C<onstantino>ple, after having seen

the Ceremony of Prince Mourousy's Investi ture. The whole now is done.
What gives me the greatest satisfaction is, that the Porte is highly
delighted with our Conduct. As for the People, they followed Mr. Pole
about, crying out that the English are their saviours; so rejoiced are they
at having been saved from a War. I cannot attempt to give any idea of the
effect all this bas made.
The Reis Efendi bas begged Mr. Pole to call upon him, saying that
he had a great deal to tell him confidentially. The Ministers are very
angry with the Russians.
The French Embassador was going over the Water as Mr. Pole
came back. He was going to the Reis Efendi . It is supposed he will not
remain bere. He was, as is the usual custom, to have given a great fete
after bis Audience, but he has put it off on the plea of being too much
occupied.
I hope Mr. Pole will be rewarded. C. A.
Rec<eive>d Jan<uar>y , 1 807
By Sir Harford Jones
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/5 1 , f. 242 - 244 v0 ,
244 v0 246 v0 ; orig. în 1. engleză.
-
85
64
B11yukdere, I 806, octomhrie I 7
Ch. A rhuthnot câtre Ch. J. Fox, despre aroganţa man ifestată de

.[
Jtalinski fafă de dregătorii Porţii, protestând împotriva aptului c �
reÎnscâ1marea lui A l. Aforuzi ca domn al Moldovei a avut loc m acea zz_ şz
nu În ajun. Indignarea reis-efendi-ului <Mehmed Sa 'îd Gaalib Efendi>,
exprimând aversiunea crescândă a Porţii faţă de Rusia, ruperea relaţiilor
fiind Împiedicată doar din prietenia arătată A ngliei. Se deplâng
.
preten(iile excesive ale lui ltalinski, instigat la intoleranţă de secretarul
său. un ji·ancez emigrat şi de un prieten al acestuia, dragoman pe lângă
ambasada Frantei. Se recomandă cabinetului britanic de a lua contactul
�
cu autorităţile le la St. Petersburg, spre a determina la m oderaţie în
rela tiile cu Poarta. Tarul A lexandru I doreşte evitarea unui război cu
�
Tur ia, dar este dese1�·it de acţiunile lipsite de tact ale lui Italinski.
Buyukdere 1 ih October 1 806

Secret and Confidential
Sir,
.
Altho ' nothing can be higher than my opinion is of Mr. d'Italinsky,

I think it my duty to mention that there are persons about him against the
Porte. I have j ust leamt from Mr. Pole, who is now with the Reis Efendi,
that a most violent Note has arrived from the Russian Mission, merely
because Prince Mourousy bas rec<overe>d the Investiture today and not
yesterday. This bas so offended the Ottoman Ministers, that nothing but
their respect for England has kept them silent.
But sh<oul>d like things again occur, it will be totally out of my
power to prevent the Porte from manifesting Its indignazion. The
abhorrence of Russia is extreme; and it is increased every instant by the
reflection that on account of England they dare not show It.
Had I left Mr. d' Italinsky to his own exertions he not only
w<oul>d have failed, but most assurelly he w<oul>d have been sent to
the Seven Towers.
It is right you sh<oul>d know all this; but I wish particularly that
it sh<oul>d be made use of in a very cautious ma1U1er. It w<oul>d destroy
the Confidence wch, to an unlimited degree, now exists between Mr.
d'Italinsky and me, if he were to know that I disapprove not of his
Conduct but of that of those who unfortunately have too much weight
86
with him.There is a french Emigrant who is his Secretary, and a Relation
of his who was french Dragoman, who are constantly recommending the
most intemperate measures. I know no other fault in Mr. d'Italinsky than
that he allows these persons to talk to him too much.
Perheaps, Sir, without taking notice of what I am writing, you
might feel the propriety of consulting with the C<oun>t of Petersburgh
conceming the System to be adopted towards this Country; and you might
then advise, that, when we are sure of the Porte, conciliatory measures
sh<oul>d be pursued.
I hope you will excuse my giving Advice but unless some care is
taken, our Affairs here will go ill.
Sir,
Y <ou>r most Ob<edien>t H<onora>ble Servant
Ch<arle>s Arbuthnot
P. S. Had not this last complaint been made by the R<eis> Efendi,
I sh<oul>d have taken no notice of the extremely rigorous Construction
wch the Russian Mission put on the dispatches from Petersburgh.
It was as clear as day that the Emperor wanted to avoid a \Var, and
yet the Russian Mission was determined to push things to an extreme. He,
Mr. d'ltalinsky, had promised me to accept an Act similar to the One I
after wards proposed to him, and then after all, his French Emigrants
prevailed upon him to retract. You will not I hope from this imagine that
between him and me there is any open difference of opinion. I am sure
our personal friendship is mutual, and I am very sure that greather
Cordiality never existed between two Ministers. I w<oul>d willingly have
concealed what is contained in this letter, but I do not venture.
[Pe verso:] Rec<eive>d Jan<uar>y 2, 1 807

By Sir Harford Jones
Public Record Offi ce, Foreign O ffice, Turkey, dos. 7 8/5 1 , orig. în
1. engleză.
87
65
Buyukdere, 1 806. octombrie 30
Ch. Arhut /1 110! elitre contele George Spenc er, Secretarul de Stat
pentru Afacerile Intern e, despre succesul tratativelor tripartite .anglo
ruse-turce, datorate şi informaţiilor confidenţiale pe care le-a obţznu t de
la Jtalinski . Gratitudinea domnilor reînscăunaţi în Principate faţă de
guvern ul britanic şi promis iunea lui A lexandru Vodă Moruzi de a ţine la
cure11t pe ambasador cu toate treburile sale prin kapuche haiaua de la
Consta11tinopol <Lukaki A rglziropo l>, ce va avea Întâlniri săptămâ nale
cu Pole, secretarul ambasadorului britanic. A ctivitatea noczva
desfăşurată de dragoman ii ambasadei Rusiei care îl influenţează pe
ltalinski În purtarea sa arogantă faţă de dregătorii Porţii, sporind
antipatia lor faţă de acest diplomat Î11 contrast cu atitudinea moderată a
reprezentantu lui A ngliei, ce se bucură de tot respectul din partea
ami11tiţilor dem11itari.
No. 75
My Lord,
I think it right to inform Your Lordship that the Certainty o f

obtaining constant intelligence of what i s passing at the Porte and in the
Seraglio is not among the least of the advantages which have b een the
consequence of our late success.
Had it not been for the intimacy existing between me and Mr.
d'Italinsky, and which procured for me all his secret Information I could
have known nothing but what my Dragoman might have been able to
leam. But now the case is different.
The Greck Princes are aware that without the English Interference
the Negotiation must have failed and those amongst them who are
principally interested, have made offers to keep me regularly acquainted
with the measures of this Gouvemement. Prince Mourousy in particular,
and Y our Lordship must be aware that to an Hospodar the knowledge o f
what is passing i s frequently a question of l i fe o r death, has o f h i s own
accord requested permission to place his Family under my Protection;
and has desired that one of his Agents, whom he leaves b ehind, might be
88
allowed to call every Week on Mr. Pole for the purpose of
communicating Intelligence.
The Dispatches I am now sending contain Specimens of what I
may expect to receive.
· I do not mention it in praise of Mr. Pole, because such
behaviourwas to have been expected; but I must observe that my
employing him could alone insure to His Majesty's Service the whole
public benefit of the Influence now possessed, for had persons belonging
to the Country been my Channels of information the imrnense Sums
which were offered would most undoubtedly have not been refused. In
this particular I have a great Advantage over my Colleague Mr.
d'Italinsky. He could not have been aware of the Circumstance, but I have
leamt the reasons which induced his Dragomans and Secretaries to press
so rigorously for the immediate ad unqualified Re-appointment of the
same Hospodars. His Dragomans wrote to him with triumph that they had
forced the Porte to drink the Cup of bittemess to its very dregs. This
language ill agrees with the natural disposition of Mr. d'ltalinsky and I am
confident will never be acted upon when he follows the dictates of his
own Judgrnent. On the whole it is certainly tobe lamented that any part of
the Russian Mission should observe a Conduct which is obnoxious to the
Govemment, and must be injurious to their own; but we at least are
gainers by it, for it throws exclusively into our hands that popularity and
that Influence which would otherwise be shared between us . . .
I have the honour [ &]
Ch<arle>s Arbuthnot
[Adresa:] The Right Honourable

Earl Spencer
& & &
[Pe verso:] Rec<eive>d Jan<uar>y 3 1 , 1 807 by Hon<ora>ble
L. Burell
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/52, f. 20 - 29, orig.
în 1. engleză.
89
66
Pera, 1 806. dccemhrie 1
Ch. A rhuthnot câ1re Charles Grey, lord Howick, Secretarul de

Stat pentru Afacerile E:rterne. despre ştirile aduse la Constan �inopol de
<Iancu > Arghiropol, fratele emisarului turc de la Berlin, <Ioan
Arghiropol>, privind înfrângerea Prusiei de către Napoleon şi dorinţa
acestuia, transmisâ prin generalul <Michel>Duroc, emisarul său în
Prusia, de a umili Rusia; asigurări date Porţii de către francezi că
influenţa rusâ rhn Principate va fi eliminată, deşi reînscăunarea
domn ilor, la insistenţele A ngliei şi Rusiei, este încă ignorată de împărat.
Protesllll Franţei Împotriva trecerii vaselor de război ruse prin Strâmtori;
presiunile generalului Sebastiani la Poartă întărite de victoriile lui
Napoleon în Europa. Îngrijorarea lui Arbuthnot de a vedea poziţiile
engleze subminate la Constantinopol şi teama ca flota turcă să nu cadă în
mâinile francezilor. Sosirea contraamiralului englez Sir < Thomas> Louis
la Constantinopol şi schimbu! său de scrisori cu ambasadorul Arbuthnot
şi amiralul < Cuthbert>, lord Collingii'ood. Informaţiile confidenţiale
asupra pretenţiilor franceze emise la Poartă. obţinute de la kapukehaiaua
lui A lexandru vodă Moruzi la Poartă, <Lukaki> Arghiropol, frate cu cei
doi <Iancu şi Jon > amintiţi mai sus.
Pera 1 s t December 1 806
No 85
Secret
My Lord,
Almost immediatel y after Mr. Pole's interview with the Reis

Efendi, a Mr. Argiropu lo, brother of he Turkish Charge des Afafires at
Berlin arrived with Dispatches for the Porte and with others for the
French Ambassa dor. He was sent from Berlin at express desire o f
Buonaparte, who had informe d the Turkish Charge des Afafires thro' the
Medi �m of General Duroc that it depended upon him to make peace with
Prussia, but that he had resolved not to lay down his Arms until he had
sufficiently humble d th Russians, and till he had placed them in the
absolu te imposs ibility of acting offensi vely against this Country. The
.
Reestabhshment of the Hospo dars could not have as yet been known at
90
Berlin, for Mr. Argiropulo was [loc alb] particularly to assure the Porte
that Moldovia and Walachia should be freed from that dependance of the
Court of Petersburgh to which those provinces and been subj ected.
ln the dispatches to General S �bastiani there must have been an
Order to protest still more positively against the passage o f Russian Ships,
for immediatel y on receiving them he renewed his demand on that
subj ect, and again threazened to go away unless it were complied with.
He was unfortunately enabled to accompany this demand with most
afflictinf details of the disasters which have happened to the Prussian
Armies; and as we were obliged to ackonwledge the truth of all his
Statements, we could not but be aware that our hopes depended on the
presence of the British Fleet.
At first this Govemment endeavoured to gain time, and in
expectation of further intelligence from the Armies there was an attempt
to satisfy the French Embassador with rather n evasive Answer to this his
second application. But as almost literally he every hour in the day was
pressing for an unconditional Acquiescence in what he had demanded, it
was thought adviseable at the Porte thrat I and the Russian Minister
should be again consulted.
After much discussion with both our Dragomans, it was at length
agreed that Mr. d'Italinsky should promise to forward to his Govemment
the eamest request of the Porte that the passage of the Ships should be
made known to the French Embassador; and that in consideration of the
Season, which for a length of time would of itself prevent the Passage, he
should be intreated by the Porte not to press the point further until an
Answer could be received from Petersburgh.
ln this State are affairs at present situated. Perhaps it may be in my
power before I send these dispatches off tolet Your Lordship know the
final result of all these discussions.
Should the news of other French Victories arrive we may be
assured that General Sebastiani will then immediately insist for the last
time on a Categorical Answer, and as in the event of the defeat of the
Russians Buonaparte might perhaps be enabled to detach an Army
towards this Country, the difficulties we should have to encounter would
be so alarmingly great that they might almost be considered as
insurmountable.
I shall not attempt to prphecy what might then happen; but I
certainly may say that still His Maj esty's Ships would in part
counterbalance the land Successes of our En<n>emy, for I am confident
that against Great Britain at least the Porte will not declare till the last
91
cxtrem ity and at ;m y rate we should have the means I trust of preventing
thc Turkish fl cct, which is considerable and not ill-equipped, from
becoming thc property of Buonaparte. In this point of view alone the
arrival of Adm irai Louis has been most fortunate; - but this ought not
perhaps to be at present our chief Consideration for both Mr. d'Italinsky
and I are firmly convinced that were it not on account of Hîs Maj esty's
navy, and had not some part of it made its appearance we should have had
to wîtness such a Connection between this Country and France as must
have occasioned our departure, and by creating a diversion in favour of
France must have been highly injurions to a!l our Interests.
I need scarcely assure Your Lordship that Admirai Louis, whom I
find extremely desirous of rendering me every assistance în his power,
shal l not be detained one single moment longer than may appear to be
absolutely necessary.
I conclude this dispatch with transmittîng to Your Lordship
Copies of letters which have passed between Lord Collingwood, Amiral
·
Louis and my seif.

The Agent of Prince Morousy whi îs alsa one of the Brothers of
the Turkish Charge d' Affaires at Berlin and who has known exactly what
bas been written from thence, is the Persan who gave me the secret
Intelligence mentioned in this Dispatch,
- The present Hospodars must necessarily make a Point to be well
� infoµned; they have the means of being so, and I consequently may feel
certain that unknown to me they cannot easily take any important
measures.
My Lord,
Your Lordship ' s Most Obedient Humble Servant
Ch<arle>s Arbuthnot
[Pe verso : ] No. o f Inclosures 9-
R<e>c<eive>d February 1 8,
by (blank)
[Adresa: ] The Right Honourable
Lord Viscount Howick
& & &
P �blic Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/52, f. 83 _ 93 vo '

ong. în 1 . engleză.
92
67
Pera, 1 806, decembrie 1
Ch. Arbuthnot către lordul Howick despre intenţia domnului

Constantin Ipsilanti la aflarea reînscăunării sale de a merge la St.
Petersburg în loc de a reveni la Bucureşti, după cum avea datoria.
Atitudinea sa a ofensat Poarta care s-a adresat lui Italinski pentru a
consimţi la mazilirea domnului pentru a doua oară; la protestele
vehemente ale ambasadorului rus, Poarta şi-a retras propunerea. Teama
lui Arbuthnot că victoriile lui Napoleon vor influenţa pe turci să aibă o
poziţie mai rigidă faţă de ruşi în problema lui lpsilanti.
Pera 1 st Decembrie 1 806

No. 87
My Lord,
Intelligence has been received that Prince Ipsilanthy, after having
been informed of his Reinstatement, had set off for Petersburg instead of
returning to Bouccarest as it was his duty to have done.
The Porte offended with this Conduct has wished to make it a plea
for again deposing him, and an intimation to that effect was made to Mr.
d'Italinsky. He however remonstrated so strongly against it, that the Idea
appears to be dropped for the present; but should the successes of the
French continue, it may problably be once more revived and it must be
owned that the Porte would have strong grounds for removing hirri.
I have the honour to be with the greatest respect, My Lord,
Y our Lordship' s Most Obedient
Humble Servant
Ch<arle>s Arbuthnot
& & &
[Pe verso:] Rec<eived> February 1 8

by <blank>
93
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/52, f. 1 1 8 - 1 1 8 v0 ;
68
Constantinopol, 1221 şevval 9 < = 1 806, decembrie 711 9)
Sultanul Se/im al III-iea, către George al III-iea, regele Marii

Britanii, informându-l de reinstalarea vechilor domni în Principate la
solicitările Rusiei, sprţjinită de guvernul englez; protestează însă
împotriva intrării trupelor ruse în Moldova, considerată ca o acţiune
duşmănoasă şi nemotivată, faţă de care Poarta se vede constrânsă a
riposta pe calea armelor.
Tres Majesteux et tres aime Padichah des deux Royaumes Unis de

la Grande Bretagne et d 'Irlande Notre Grand ami Georges III „ „
Votre Majeste doit avoir re9u a l 'heure qu'il est, la lettre

confidentielle et amicale que nous avons ecrit a elle pour la ( ! ) faire part
de l' affaire ds principautes de Valachie et de Moldavie. Dans le
changement de ces deux Princes necessite par la conduite connue de l ' un
et par la demision volontaire de l 'autre, on avoit forme la pretention que
Ies traites etaient enfreints uniquement parce que notre ministere
precedent n'avait pas donne erreur la notification prelable a l ' envoye de
Russie. L' ambassadeur de V<otre> M<aj este> conj ointement avec celui
ci avait demande alors une satisfaction et l' acomplissement des
stipulations par la reintegration des princes deposes, en declarant qu' en
cas d'un refus de notre part l ' envoye de Russie avait ordre de quitter notre
capitale; et quoiqu'il avait avance que son depart s ' il n' entraine pas une
guerre, produira necessairement une froideur entre Ies deux Cours. Ne
voulant j amais se passer de ses amis notre S<ublime> P<orte> loin de
,
penser a une guerre, a cru necessaire d eviter meme toute sorte de
froideur et particulierement remplir Ies egards dus dans chaque occasion
envers un ami si fidele tel que la Cour de Londres qui touj ours nous
donna des marques de sincerite. C' est pourquoi nous avons consenti
d' apres la demande de l ' Ambassadeur de V <otre> M <aj este> et
uniquement par consideration a elle a une affaire si deshonorable â notre
<lignite. D ' ailleurs l' envoye de Russie avait prevenu officiellement notre
ministere dans le cours de cette negociation qu'on ne doit pas soup<;onner
que sa Cour prenne cette affaire pour pretexte et qu' apres la reintegration
94
meme des princes pourra chercher quelques autre motifs pour mettre en
execution ces vues, qu'il faut etre persuade au contraire qu'il n'y aura
aucun autre objet ulterieur, que la satisfaction seule sur l'affaire des
princes. L' ambassadeur meme de V<otre> M<aj este> confirment toutes
ces assurances nous a promis qu' en cas que la Cour de Russie apres
l ' execution de la reintegration des Princes se permettra de quelque
demarche inattendue envers natre Empire ou de quelque conduite
deplacee comme celle de nous forcer et de nous contraindre s' engagera
lui meme et sa Cour a empecher sa demarche.
Cette affaire tellement finie, nos ministres ont donne de plus un
acte confirmatif que l'envoye de Russie avait demande pour l'execution
solennelle des Princes, ainsi que pour toutes les autres stipulations qui
existent entre les deux Empires.
Ainsi nous avions le droit d' attendre en revanche de la part de la
Cour de Russie des reponses qui puissent nous annoncer son
contentement et des assurances qu'elle s'eloignera des propositions et des
demarches qui pourront troubler la continuation de la tranquillite et de la
sfirete de natre Empire. Mais Ypsilanti qui s'etait evade et dont la
nomination fut executee ici par le revetissement du Kaftan d'usage
(comme il a ete requis) a un individu soi-disant son agent, aussitot qui fut
informe a Kameniech de la reintegration et de 1 'emanation de natre
commandement Imperial, par lequel nous l'avons ( ! ) confie
l 'administration d'une des grandes provinces de nos etats hetats
hereditaires comme celle de Valachie, il partit a Petersbourg sans ecrire
meme a une reponse a natre Cour dont il est sujet.
Pour une telle conduite qu'aucun des Souverains ne saurait
pardonner, natre ministere n'avait cherche que de s'informer de l'envoye
de Russie qui declara de n'avoir re9u des depeches de Sa Cour et en
avouant lui meme l'inconsequence de laisser la Valachie sans autorite,
demanda en grâce de differer la chose une dizaine de jours encore, en
attendant des avis ulterieurs. Nous n'avons pas hesite a acquiescer aussi a
cette demande, mais au lieu des avis amicaux que nous attendions nous
filmes informes que les troupes Russes qui etaient rassamblees depuis
quelque tems au long du Dniester, et pour lesquelles toute fois qu'il
en fut question de natre part, la mission Russe repondait toujours qu' elles
ne regardent nos etats, sont entrees subitement dans le territoire de
Moldavie, et ont occupe le pays; Ies commandants de ces troupes ont use
de la tromperie envers nos agen<t>s qui se trouvent sur nos confins, en
leur disant qu'ils y viennent avec la permission de natre S<ublime>
P<orte>, que le ministre de Russie a Constantinople negocie sur cette
95
affaire et que le Firman touchant la penms s1on de ce passag e va se
paraître.
Cependant non seulement aucune ne �ociati � n preal �? le , n ' a _eu
li eu, mais le susdit ministre n ' a pas cesse de <lire touJours qu il n a pomt
des nouvelles de Sa Cour. Cette conduite inopinee de la part de la Cour de
Russie, qui comme notre alliee nous inspirait la plus parfaite confianc e,
ainsi que la simple entree des troupes etrangere s dans nos etats, sont en
effet absolume nt contraire aux stipulation s, non moins que l ' occupatio n
du territoire ne peut etre regardee qu'une injuste infraction des traites, et
meme une preuve que l' affaire de Jase ( ! ), que la Cour de Russie s 'etait
permise depuis long tems au mepris des traites, et pour laquelle notre
S<ublime> P<orte> a fait ses justes representation s tant par ecrit que de
vive voix, sans avoir une reponse claire jusqu' ici, etait a dessein. Dans cet
etat des c hoses on devaient repousser necessairement l ' agression.
Cependant suivant toujours les principes de la moderation et de la
patience, 011 a <în loc de n ous, greşit> transmis a nos agens sur les
confins qu 'il n' est pas arrive rien qui puisse effectuer une infraction des
traites entre Ies deux Empires. Mais Ies comandants des troupes publient
que leur marche etait par notre autorisation tandis que nons n ' avons
aucune idee la-dessus, ainsi que l 'Envoye de cette Cour; et qu' ils gardent
bien Ies frontieres et en cas que les dites troupes voulussent les franchair,
leur declarer que notre S<ublime> P<orte> n' est point informee sur cette
demarche et qu'elle ne saura permettre l' entree des troupes etrangeres
dans son territoire et si apres cette declaration ils tenteraient avancer par
force, de se deffendre ( ! ) dans les lieux qui se trouvent et de nous en
informer. Tels sont les instructions que nous avons expediees a tous nos
agen<t>s. Avant que nos ordres eussent parvenus a nos frontieres les
troupes Russes toujours avec une apparence amicale, se sont dirigees vers
Cotzin ( ! ) et s' amparrant de cette place ont chasse les habitants Turcs aux
faubourgs, et ils ont fait couler du sang en assassinant quelques officiers
de la gamison qui avaient voulu s'y opposer amicalement en leur disant
qu'ils n'opt la dessus moindre idee de la part de notre S<ublime>
P<orte>. A l' arrivee de cette făcheuse nouvelle le ministre de Russie fut
de nouveau interroge; mais il n ' a pas voulu donner autre reponse, si non
qu'il se trouve toujours dans une ignorance absolue; c 'etait alors que
l' Ambassadeur de V<otre> M<aj este> fut invite dans une conforence
avec nos ministres comme representant d ' une Cour la plus fidele amie de
notre Empire, il n'avait pas hesite d' avouer lui meme que notre
.
S<ubhme> Potre a tous les droits sur cette affaire, et declara
96
officiellement que la Cour d' Angleterre jamais ne se ( ! ) consentera aux
hostilites injustes de la Russie.
D' apres le detail de cette conference, nous avons lieu d' attendre
dans cette occasion des marques de la moderation et de loyaute de
V<otre> M<ajeste> et d'esperer sincerement qu'elle voudra bien nous
donner de plus en plus des preuves de l'interet qu'elle prend pour le bien
de notre Empire afin d'augmenter et de consolider notre amitie et quoique
I' Ambassadeur de V<otre> M<ajeste> doit vous en rendre un compte
detaile, nous avons bien voulu ecrire directement cette amicale sans Ies
formalites d'usage et l'expedier en toute diligence pour donner a V<otre>
M<ajeste> l'information de tout ce qui s'est passe.
Le charactere loyal de V<otre> M<ajeste>, sa moderation et Ies
liens qui unissent reciproquement nos affections comme un suruoi ( ! )'"
heureux de I' ancienne et naturelle amitie de nos Empires, nous donnent
l'esperance bien fondee que de V<otre> M<ajeste> verra avec discression
( ! ) le tort que la Cour de Russie s' est permise ( ! ) envers notre Empire en
franchissant nos frontieres, en occupant des provinces sans la moindre
notification prealable, en repandant du sang et en un mot en nous
declarant la guerre.
Quoique jusqu'â ce jour ne sommes permis a des represailles,
mais la presente lettre ne peut etre parvenue aux mains de V<otre>
M<ajeste> qu' au but de deux mois et les Russes toujours avec une
apparence d' amitie, font des progres sur nos pays, s' emparent des
forteresses, tandis que leur conduite exterieure se presente toujours dans
l'esprit.
Dans cet etat des choses la nation Ottomane ne peut voir avec
indifference leur patrie livree aux mains des etrangers et naturellement
elle ne saura etre empechee de se de l'invasion des Russes, d'autant plus
que Ies loix ( ! ) de natre religion, qui font la base de natre gouvemement,
commandent de repousser l' agresseur, comme V<otre> M<ajeste> verra
dans le protocol ( ! ) de la Conference qui a eu lieu avec son Ambassadeur.
Par une consequence donc de ces evenements nous devons
entreprendre malgre nous Ies moyens necessaires pour empecher Ies
hostilites et evacuer Ies pays, et nous remettons a votre jugement loyal la
reponse convenable de cette affaire.
Au reste nous prions Dieu qu'il la conserve toujours au centre de
Majeste et de sante.
• Eroare ortografică poate pentru „survol".
97
Les 1 22 1 an d' hegir e: 9 de Ia lune de chevv al (= 7 decembre 1 806
V. St.)
P.S. Tres Majestucux et tres aime notre Grand Ami - nous avons exped ie
deux Tartares de notre S<ublime> P<orte> avec notre lettre
condide ntielle mais dans la suppos ition qu ' i ls pourron.t retarder a cause
'
'
de la distance des lieux, nous avons donne cette Duplicate ( '. ) que nous
remettons a l ' Ambassadeur de V<otre> M<aj este>
[Pe verso : ] Translation of a Letter from

The Grand Signior to His Majesty
Dec<ember> 7/1 9 1 806
*
Rec<eived> from Siddy Efendi
Feb<ruary> 22 1 807
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/52, f. 1 3 5 - 1 37 v0 ;

copie în 1 . franceză.
69
Pera, 1 806, decembrie 1 O
Ch. Arbuthnot către lordul Howick despre intrarea trupelor ruse

în Moldova, considerată ca o acţiune ofensivă de către Poartă şi
speculată de ambasadorul francez. Atitudinea moderată manifestată de
dregătorii turci, care au convocat pe Italinski, ignorând cele petrecute,
invitându-l să adreseze scrisori comandantului corpului expediţionar rus
şi guvernului de la St. Petersburg în care să le aducă la cunoştinţă
regretul Porţii faţă de situaţia creată, de care nu pot beneficia decât
francezii. Poarta determinată la moderaţie şi datorită prezenţei escadrei
engleze în apele teritoriale turceşti; atitudinea şovăielnică a turcilor
provoacă reacţia vehementă a ambasadoruluifrancez, Sebastiani, care le
reproşează slăbiciunea.
Pera 1 oth December 1 806
• Corect Sidki Efendi, însărcinat c u afaceri otoman la Londra.
98
No 9 1
My Lord,
. . . Your Lordship will not be suprised to hear that the March of the
Russians into Moldovia, has been most highly offensive to the Turks in
general.
It has been a most unfortunate W eapon in the Hands of the French
Ambassador, and he has most actively employed it in doing all that
depended on him to irritate the Government and the public, but I do the
Ottoman Ministers the Justice to say, that at this moment they are
conducting themselves with the most praise-worthy moderation.
The day before yesterday they invited M. Italinsky to a
Conference, and when they were assured by him that he was as ignorant
on the subject as they were themselves, they obtained entirely from all
reproaches; and only expressed their strong conviction that the Movement
of the Russians had not proceeded from any hostile motive. They
requested however that a Letter might be immediately written to the
General who commanded in Chief, and that to him as well as to his Court
the Russian Minister would point out the impropriety of the Emperor's
measures. This He will have the less scruple in doing, as he feels that
indepently ( ! ) of the Conduct of those Troops, their March into Turkey
may hereafter give an unfortunate pledge to the French, as certainly it has
not been called for by the Conduct of the Porte. The Results of this
Conference has been highly satisfactory to us both. It has been more
particularly so to the Russian Minister as, from the Sensation produced
generaly by the Entrance of the Troops into Moldovia, he has thought it
not impossible that he might be sent to the Seven Towers, and indeed it is
to the presence oh His Majesty's Squadron, that the temperate Behaviour
of these Ministers ought in particular to be attributed.
The March of the Russians is the real Motive for the Turkish
Naval Armament. This has been fairly owned by the Reis Effendi; and in
my report I thought it right to observe, that altho 'I did not disapprove of
the Armament, I should be in duty bound to retain the British Squadron as
long as preparations were making which indirectly had Russia for their
object.
Having to write in Cypher I am obliged to compress, and therefore to
omit much of what I should have wished to say, but I may safely impress
it on your Lordship's mind, that our affairs here are in a far better state
than We had a right perhaps to expect, whether we have to consider the
Victories of Buonaparte or the offence given to the Porte by the March of
99
the Russians; and the Fury of the French Ambassador ag�inst th� Port� ,
which I understand is extreme, is the best Proof that m mak mg th1s
assurance I neither deceive Your Lordship nor myself.
I have the honour to he with the greatest respect, My Lord,
Your Lordship 's Most Obedient Humble Servant
Ch<arle>s Arbuthnot

[Pe verso: ] Rec<eived> March 3
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/52, f. 1 39 - 1 48;

orig. în I. engleză.
70
Bucureşti, 1 806, decembrie 1 7 <29>
Constantin Vodă Ipsilanti către ambasadorul Ch. Arbuthnot,

exprimându-şi recunoştinţa pentru intervenţia depusă în vederea revenirii
sale în scaunul de domnie al Ţării Româneşti. Face cunoscute
împrejurările intrării trupelor ruse În Principate şi hotărârea guvernului
de la St. Petersburg de a le menţine acolo, din pricina atitudinii echivoce
a Porţii. Comportarea decentă a generalului rus <Ivan Jvanovici>
Michelson. Ciocniri în apropiere de Bucureşti între ruşi şi paşalele
turceşti rebele; înfrângerea şi retragerea acestora peste Dunăre.
Reîntoarcerea sa în reşedinţa de scaun, pustiită de jafurile rebelilor turci;
bunele raporturi pe care le Întreţine cu consulul englez F. Summerers.
Copie
Monsieur l 'Ambassadeur,
J ' ai re9u hier 1 6 (v<ieux> s<tyle>) la lettre que votre Excelence

m'a fait l'hon<n>eur de m' ecrire le 1 0 Novembre. J ' avois appris dans
tout leur detail, et avec la plus vive reconnaissance, Ies demarches nobles
1 00
et energiques qu' Elle a bien voulu faire en ma faveur et qui ne pouvoient
manquer de contribuer infiniment a mon retablissement en Valachie. Cet
evenement etant en grande partie son ouvrage, les felicitations qu' elle
veut bien m 'addresser a cet egard me sont une preuve de plus de son
interet a mon sort, et redoublent ma sensibilite.
J 'etois a quelques postes de St. Petersbourg lorsque j ' apris mon
retablissement. J ' allois y porter mon hommage de gratitude a Sa Maj este
Imperiale, pour l ' accueil honorable que j ' avois re9u dans ses etats, et que
j e ne pouvois quitter sans son agrement. C 'est la gue j ' appris gue la Cour
de Russie n' ayant re9u dans une duree de plus de cinguante jours, aucune
reponse aux demandes gu'elle avoit charge son Ministre de faire a la
S<ublime> P<orte>, Sa Maj este l'Empereur <lut croire a un refus et avoit
trouve necessaire dans Ies circonstances actuelles d' ordonner au general
Commandant son armee du Dneister, d'entrer dans Ies deux Principautes.
Depuis la Cour de Russie, guoi gu'elle eut re9u l'avis de la reintegration
des deux Princes, mais les articles gui seuls pouvoient garantir a la
Russie et a ses alliees ( ! ) Ies dispositions de la S<ublime> P<orte> pour la
bonne cause, n' ayant point ete accordes, elle a cru ( ! ) devoir laisser ses
troupes dans les principautes de Moldavie et de Valachie, jusqu, a ce gue
la bonne harmonie fut retablie d'une maniere solide et propre a la rassurer
sur les sentiments de la S<ublime> P<orte>.
Quelles seront desormais Ies dispositions du Ministere Ottoman,
c 'est ce que j 'i gnore; mais j e viens de St. Petersbourg et j 'ai ete a meme
de me persuader que par cette mesure, l 'Empereur de Russie n'a d'autre
vue que celle de faire revenir la S<ublime> P<orte> d'un systeme gui est
contraire a ses propres interets, ainsi gu'a ceux de la Russie et de ses
allies, et gui pourroit occasionner de plus grands malheurs en Europe.
Pour prouver ces dispositions, il a ordonne au Commandant general de
son armee, d' entrer en ami, de conserver Ies autorites constituees, dans Ies
pays gu'il occuperoit, et leurs anciennes administrations, et j e suis
enchante de voir, gue !' intrepide, le sage et humain General Michelson
execute avec la plus parfaite fidelitf:. Ies ordres de son Souverain. En
attendant, ce qu' en politique on peut nommer une caricature, c ' est que Ies
rebelles et Ies brigands du Danube, non contents du mal qu' ils ont fait
jusgues ici a la Valachie, excite ( ! ) par Ies devastateurs et leurs agen<t>s,
ont eu la fantaisie de prendre fait, et cause; Ils se sont reunis avec une
prestesse et un accord vraiment surprenants, ils ont passe le fleuve, se
sont empares de Bukarest, ont attague Ies Russes, ont ete battus, ont fui et
disparu et tout cela dans moins de dix jours. Je suis arrive ici le lendemain
de leur fuite et n ' ai trouve par tout ou ils ont passe que la plus depiorable
101
devastation. Qu ' i ls sont affreux Ies hommes gui ont provogue cette
irruption, on n 'ose en veri te point Examiner cette horrible intrigue.
Quant a Mr. de Summerer ( ! ), Consul de Sa Maj este Britannigue a
Bukarest, Votre Excellence se rappelle silrement, gue j ' eus l'honneur de
lui ecrire, lorsgu'elle arriva a C<onstantino>ple tout ce gu ' elle meme me
fait aujourd 'hui 1 'honneur de m ' ecri re a son egard; et la recommandation
de Votre Excellence pour lui m 'est une preuve de son succes a servir Mr.
Summerer ( ! ). Dans cette occasion comme dans toutes celles gue mon
bonheur pourroit m 'ofrir, j 'aurais le plus de zele a prouver mon respect
pour Sa Maj este Britannigue et mon empressement a faire ce gui peut
plaire a Votre Excellence, gue je supplie de se persuader gu 'il est
impossible d ' etre plus sensible gue je le suis a la lettre infiniment
flatteuse gu 'elle m 'a fait l 'honneur de m ' ecrire.
Constantin Ipsilanti
Bukarest le 1 7 X-bre 1 8 06 v<ieux> s<tyle>
[Pe verso : ] No. 2

In Mr. Arbuthnot's No. 1
of Jan <uary> l 51h 1 807
(Duplicate)

copie în I . franceză.
71
Pera, 1 806. decembrie 2 3
Ch. Arbuthnot către reis-efendi, <Mehmed S 'aîd Gaalib Efendi>,

acceptând să se adreseze comandantului trupelor ruse intrate în
Principate, generalul <Ivan lvanovici> Michelson, numai cu conditia ca
Poarta să nu agraveze situaţia prin luarea de măsuri ostile şi nepo trivite
faţă de Rusia.
Copie d'une Note de Mr. Arbuthnot au Reis Efendi ' datee de Pera
le 23 Dec<emb>re 1 806
1 02
Votre Excellence me dit hier que toute Mesure contre la Russie &
contre sa Mission seroit immediatement suspendue si je promettois que la
lettre que j ' allois ecrire au General se produiroit 1 'effet desire. J e ne
pouvois pas alors faire cette promesse, mais j e consens a la faire a
present. Je n'avois alors que des Soup9ons que la marche des Russes etoit
occasionnee par le retard dans l'arrivee a Petersbourg du Courier ( ! )
expedie d'ici avec la Nouvelle de la reintegration des Hospodars. J'ai
dans ce moment des preuves ques ces Soupcons etoient bien fondes & par
consequent je n'hesite plus a faire la promesse comme j 'en avois ete
reqms.
Mais je ne prends cet Engagement qu'aux Conditions suivantes. 11
faut que vous retiriez d'abord la Note presentee aujourd'hui au Ministre
de Russie & que vous m'assuriez par ecrit qu toute lVIesure ayant une
apparence hostile envers la Russie sera suspendue jusq u ' n ce que j ' ai eu
le tems de recevoir une response du General Russe.
C' est donc maintenant a la Sublime Porte a prouver si c 'est la paix
ou la Guerre qu'Elle desire. L ' Ambassadeur du Souverain qui a rendu au
Sultan des Services si importan<t>s ofrre de detoumer l a Gu en-e . F n
acceptant cette offre, l 'Empire Ottoman sera sauve de la Cri se effroyable
dont il est menace. En la refusant tout le Blame sera impute a la S uh l i m e
Porte: & comme dans l ' Etat actuel de ] ' Europe, mon Souvcrnin ne
pourroit que Se declarer contre toute Puissance qui seroit la cause d 'u n e
Diversion en faveur de la France, 11 prendroit ce parti avec moins de
regret que dans le cas ou ce Gouvemement auroit tout ce qui depend de
lui pour eviter la Guerre.
Le tems presee, & j 'attend Votre Decision avec lmpatience.
J'ai l 'honneur d'etre.

& & &
(signe) Charles Arbuthnot
[Pe verso:] . No. 2

In Mr. Arbuthnot's
No. 95 of Dec. 26 1h 1 806
Duplicate
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/52, f. 206-207;

orig. în 1. franceză.
1 03
72
Bucureşti, J 806, decembrie 29
F. Summerers către Ch. Arbuthnot informându-l despre misiunea

sa pe lângă generalul Michelson la Iaşi, dispoziţiile cabinetului de la St.
Petersburg cu privire la Principate; indignarea provocată de ridicarea
consulului Kirico de către turci determină represalii; atitudinea ostilă a
domnului Alexandru Moruzi faţă de intrarea trupelor ruse, primirea lui
Constantin Ipsilanti la Iaşi şi cererea boierilor pentruproclamarea sa ca
domn al Moldovei şi al Ţării Româneşti, cu asentimentul cercurilor
conducătoare ruse; detalii asupra operaţiilor militare din câmpia
munteană şi de la Dunăre.
Bouccarest, 29 Decembre 1 806
Monsieur l' Ambassadeur,
Apres avoir expedie a Votre Excellence le 1 5 plusieurs de mes

Rapports par Mustapha, aucune occasion ne s ' est presentee pour
Constantinople.
Le 1 8, le desordre etoit complet dans la Ville, Ies Turcs
augmentoient & leur arrogance aussi. Kiose Kiahaya, Ahmed E fendi
Aydin Pacha, le prince Mourousy & le Divan de la Wallachie, m'ont prie
Ies larmes aux yeux d' employer mes bons offices aupres du General en
chef Michelson & de me rendre a Yassy aupres de lui, pour tâcher s'il
etoit possible depargner l 'effusion du Sang. Leurs pri eres, el danger
imminent que j e courois a Bouccarest, la necessite de porter a la
connaissance de Votre Excellence Ies nouvelles de tout ce qui s ' est passe
dans la Bessarabie, m' ont engage a acceder a leur demande d' aller a
Yassy, leur declarant franchement de ne me rendre responsable de rien. A
cet effet, le 1 8 j e suis parti avec des Lettres du Divan & des
Commandan<t>s Turcs pour le General en chef Michelson a son quartier
General a Yassy: j ' etois accompagne d'un des premiers Boyards & d'un
officier attache au Consulat de Russie pour me servir d' Interprete. J ' ai
recontre a Busco l' avantgarde Russe, commandee par le General Ulanius:
un des Turcs qui avoient ete avec moi a obtenu de ce General un delai de
24 heures, avec promesse que Ies deux Avant-gardes, l ' une a Busco,
l' autre a Oursitseny, n' avanceroient pas j usqu ' a ce qu' on n' eut re<;u une
1 04
reponse du General Miloradovitz de Fokshany. Ulanius & ce dernier
m'ont dit avoir un ordre expres de marcher sur Bouccarest, & de
repousser la force par la force; voyant - la que I' on ne pouvoit en aucune
maniere combiner la demande des Turcs & Ies Ordres des Russes, j 'ai
trouve a propos de pousser mon Chemin jusqu' a Yassy pour plus grande
Sfuete. J ' ai passe a travers de l'armee & j ' eu lieu d'etre satisfait de
l'accueil que j ' ai re9u par tout. A mon arrivee a Yassy j 'ai vu de suite le
General Michelson, qui a ete bien aise de connaître pour moi plusieurs
details interessans sur Ies Turcs entres en Walachie: nous avans parle sur
l'objet de l'entree de l'Armee Russe dans ces provinces: il m'a dit avoit
re9u un Ordre expres de l'Empereur de marcher & couvrir a la hâte ces
deux Provinces & de declarer aux habitants des Bords du Danube qu' il
vient en ami; mais que si jameis ils osoient lui defendre le passage, il Ies
battroit: telles ont ete Ies communications de Mr. de Chirico & reiteres
entre le General & Ies Turcs. L' enlevement de Mr. de Chirico de
Bouccarest a tellement exaspere le General qu'il a tout de suite ordonne
de faire declarer Prisonniers de Guerre Ies Pachas & Garrisons turques
des Forteresses de la Bessarabie, excepte Ibraila & Ismail, qui ne sont pas
encore rendues, mais qui doivent I' etre, au moment ou j 'ecris, Hotin a ete
declare territoire Moldave & on y a suite nomme un capitaine -
Ispravnick.
Dans tout la Bessarabie il y a des troupes Russes. Une flotille
composee de Chaloupes canonieres bien montees, & commandee par Mr.
Le Marquis de Traversay, a deja passe l' embouchure du Danube pour
aller attaquer Ibraila & Ismail: l'on ne connoit pas le veritable but de cette
expedition.
Les Russes sont on ne peut pas plus exasperes contre la Conduite
du Prince Mourousy, qui a l' approche des troupes passa de Fockshany a
Rousciuk: c'est lui qui a donne le Conseil aux habitan<t>s des Bords du
Danube de se lever en masse, & qui a monte la tete a tous ces Rebelles. 11
a laisse a decouvert la Province qu'on lui avoit donnee a gouverner; cette
Conduite a oblige le General Michelson de faire arreter Mr. de
Mavrocordato, Kaimekam Postelnik & beau-fils du Prince Mourousy, a
Yassy.
Aussitât que le Prince Ipsilanthy est arrive en Moldavie le Divan
de la Province a remis un Memoire du General Michelson, demandant
que ce prince soit nomme en meme tems Hospodar de la Moldavie.
Le General accepta avec plaisir la juste demande des Moldaves, se porta
de suite chez le Prince lpsilanthy avec tous les Generaux de Sa Suite, le
declara en public Hospodar de ces deux provinces, & y pronon9a a cette
1 05
ncc a s i n n 1 1 1 1 c l i scnms t rcs i n t ercssan t . A rres cette ceremonie lpsilanthy
\J ?
pri t clt> s u i t r I es rcn cs rl u Cio u v('rn ern ent Moldave: le e eral expedia le
memc iom 1 1 11 Courier ( ! ) <1 P ete r s h o u r g pour aprorter a 1 Empereur cette
n ou v c l l e & nom cl e m a nde r son approbation. L ' on se dit ici tout bas que
,
la chose doit concertce d'avance; l'on ajoute de plus (ce qui merite
confirmation) que le Pri n c c lpsilanthy pourroit etre un j our nomme Roi de
la Dace Vll que l Em p e re u r desire, a ce que l'on dit, rendre independentes
'
Ies Provinces Trans-danubiennes de l ' Empire Ottoman sous les ordres

d'un seul Chef. Le Prince a ete traite d'une maniere distinguee a
Petersbourg, i i a a rei;: u de tres riches presen<t>s. L'Empereur s' est charge
de J ' avan c em en t de son fi ls aine; ii J ' a de suite nomme officier de Sa
Garde.
Le Prince lpsi lanthy a rei;:u avec enthousiasme l a lettre de Votre
Excel lence, que j e lui ai remi se en mains propres; il m'a parle au long des
obligations q u i l doi t a Votre Excellence pour tout ce qu'elle a bien voulu
'
faire pour lui, & ii a fini par m e dire, qu 'il se flattoit qu ' Elle voudra bien
s 'interesser desormais pour son bonheur & celui de ces deux Provinces; il
aura l ' honneur d' ecrire a Votre Excellence incessamment, & il espere
qu 'Elle daignera accueillir avec bonte ses lettres.
Le Princ e Jpsilanthy accompagne par le General Michelson, partis
de Yassy il y a quelques jours, n ' ont appris la defaite des Turcs a Glodeny
qu' a leur arrivee a Fokshany. Les Generaux Miloradovitz & Ulanius,
commandant l ' avantgarde, ont ete les premiers attaques par les Turcs,
qui au nombre d' environ deux miile se trouvoient sur Ies hauteurs de
Glodeny. Les Russes forces a se battre, ont fait marcher deux Escadrons
du beau Regiment des Hussards de Koutousoff, quelques centaines de
Cosaques; Miloradovitz attaque & en moins de dix minutes il massacre
une partie des Turcs, poursuit le reste jusqu' aux environs de Bouccarest,
se fait suivre par quelques autres Regimen<t>s & s ' arrete a Afoumatz.
Les Turcs mis en deroute mettent la constemation & le desordre dans
Bouccarest. Miloradovitz i;:raignant que cette viile ne soit pillee on bnllee
par les fuyards, marche a la tete d ' un Regiment de Cavalerie & d ' un
Regiment d' Infanterie, entre dans Bouccarest de tous cotes, met l ' epee â
la main, s'unit aux Wallaques, Albanois, & Esclavons du Parti Russe; &
tous ensemble font un camage terrible des Turcs, qui ont ete renvoyes
l'epee dans les reins vers Ghi rnghiowo; l ' on a envoye de suite des troupes
pour occuper cette Forteresse, qui va etre (ainsi que celle de Koule vis-â
vis de Nicopolis) declaree Territoi re Wallaque.
L ' on prend continuellement des mesures pour empecher que Ies
,
furcs n ' entrent dans ces Pays; malgre cela la nuit passee vers les Bords
1 06
du Danube il y a eu une quantite de Wallaques massacres par Ies
Rebelles. Le General Michelson a juge a propos de faire passer en
Wallachie un renfort de plusieurs Regimen<t>s de la Russie. En tout il
n'a a dans ce moment sous les ordres de ce General que soixante mille
hommes & pas un de plus, disperses dans la Moldavie, la Walachie & la
Bessarabie.
Le General Ulanius part dans ce moment pour attaquer
Ghiurghiowo, & l'ont dit meme de passer le Danube dans le cas que le
Consul Chirico ne seroit pas relache de Rousciuk dans 48 heures.
J'ai l'honneur d'etre, & c.
Francis Summerers
[Adresa] : A Son Excellence
le tres - Honorable
Charles Arbuthnot & & &
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/5 5, f. 1 7 - 2 1 v0 ;

copie în 1. franceză; publicat în traducere română în Călători străini
despre ţările române, Serie nouă, vol. I, p. 234 - 238.
73
F. Summerers către Ch. Arbuthnot despre motivarea prezentată

de oficialităţile ruseşti pentru intrarea trupelor de sub comanda
generalului <Ivan lvanovici> Michelson în Principate. Corespondenţa
trimisă de autorităţile ruse ambasadorului A. I. ltalinski, precum şi de
ministrul britanic la St. Petersburg, Charles Stuart, omologului său de la
Poartă s-a rătăcit în Moldova, neajungând la destinaţie. Asigurări date
de <Konstantin Konstantinovici> Rodofinikin, rezident al Rusiei în
Principate, că se vor întreprinde cercetările necesare pentru regăsirea
scrisorilor rătăcite.
Copie
Monsieur 1' Ambassadeur,
1 07
Je profite du premier moment de mon arrivee a Bou�carest pour
.
avoir l 'honneur d ' infonner Votre Excellence que le Pnnce lpsilanthy & le
General en Chef Michelson m 'ont dit que I' Empereur Alexandre, en
ordonnant a ce demier d' entrer en Moldavie, a voit fait connaître aux
Ministres Etrangers Residan<t>s a Petersbourg, que l 'obj et & le seul but
de cette Demarche est pour intimider la Porte, & la forcer de signer toutes
Ies demandes de la Russie & de son alliee l ' Angleterre & que l'on ne
pouvait d'aucune autre maniere faire entendre raison aux Turcs si ce n' est
par la peur; l 'on m ' a dit de p lus que Mr. d'ltalinsky avoit re9u dans le
tems Ies ordres Ies plus rigoureux pour faire connaître a la Porte Ies
intentions de la Russie, qui sont: ou que la Porte signeroit ses Demandes,
ou que Mr. d'ftal insky en demandant ses Passeports enverroit un Message
au General Michelson pour le faire entrer dans ces P ays. L'on avoit
expedie de Petersbourg un Courier ( ! ) a Mr. d'ltalinsky qui devoit
apporter incessamment une reponse pleinement satisfaisante de ce
Ministre a sa Cour; la Russie n' avoit point de tems a perdre; elle
demandoit que la Porte se rangeat de son câte, vu Ies Progres que Ies
Frarn;:ois faisoient. Ce Courrier a tant tarde a revenir, on l ' a tant de fois
annonce retenu par Ies Turcs en Roumelie, que l 'Empereur n'a pas cru
pouvoir plus longtems differer de donner des Ordres pour la Marche
de ses. Troupes; a la fin le Courier en question arrive a Petersbourg,
n 'apportant rien de decisif; la lenteur des Operations de Mr. d'ltalinsky
accabloit la Cour; deux autres Couriers succedent a ce premier, touj ours
portant des nouvelles peu rassurantes; dans ce cas-la l 'Empereur n ' a pas
trouve a propos de contremander Ies ordres donnees au General
Michelson.
Voila, Monsieur l ' Ambassadeur, le seul but de I ' entree des troupes
Russes dans ces Provinces. L'on dit que Mr. d'ltalinsky, trompe par Ies
Fontons, n ' a point du tout satisfait les intentions de son m aître.
11 y a plus d'un mois que Mr. d'Italinsky ne peut avoir aucune
nouvelle de la Russie; tous ses paquets se trouvent entre Bouccarest &
Yassy: quelqu'un du College des Affaires Etrangeres attache au Quartier
General Russe m ' a meme dit qu' outre ces Paquets i l y en a un sous
I ' addresse de Mr. d'Italinsky de la part de Mr. Stuart pour Votre
Excellence, qui doit lui apporter (a ce qu' on me dit) des details tres -
rassuran<t>s, je ne sais pas ou ce P aquets se trouvent, sans cela j ' aurois
tache de Ies faire passer mais puisque Mr. de Rodofinikin a Ia direction en
Chef de ces sorties d' affaires, j e me flatte qu'il Ies aura dej a soignes.
Le General l\tlichelson a depuis deux jours donne des ordres pour
.
fa1re rccruter d ' une maniere extraordinaire dans ces deux Provinces, &
1 08
lever une armee suffisante pour defense de ces Pays; l' on continue de
former a la bâte des Corps de Volontaires.
S. M. L'Empereur Alexandre a dit-on assure les Cours Etrangeres
qu'il n'a j âmais pense a envahir l'Empire Ottoman, ni a conserver pour
toujours ces Provinces; mais seulement a obtenir par la force ce que
Ministre a Constantinople n ' a pas pu obtenir par une etemelle
negociation. Les demandes de la Russie ne se bomoient pas a la seule
Reinstallation des Princes lpsilanthy & Mourousy; il y avoit des choses
beaucoup plus interessantes encore, aux-quelles la Porte a refuse
d'acceder.
J ' ai l 'honneur d'etre, & . a
Fran. Summerers
[Pe verso:] No. 1

In Mr. Arbuthnot's
No. 1 of Jan. 1 5 th 1 807
(Duplicate)
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/5 5 , f. 22 - 24;
copie în 1. franceză.
74
Pera, 1 807, ianuarie 1 5
Ch. Arbuthnot către lordul Howick insistând din nou asupra

serviciilor de neînlocuit aduse de F. Summerers şi de urgenţa salarizării
sale, fiind lipsit de orice resurse materiale. A fost nevoit să-i avanseze
3 63 lire sterline, 1 2 şilingi, 9 penny pentru a acoperi anumite sume
cheltuite din propriul avut al celui amintit. Dată fiind gravitatea situaţiei
va fi nevoit să acţioneze şi fără instrucţii, din care nu a primit până acum,
în această chestiune, nimic.
Pera 1 5 th January 1 807

No. 6 Triplicate
My Lord,
I am sure your Lordship must feel with me that from the tuni
affairs have taken the Services of Mr. Summerers are become
1 09
indispensably necessary. He is active, zealous, and intelligent; and as my
dispatches must occasionally be sent by the way of Petersburg, it would
be impossible to keep open the Communication without an Agent in
Walachia.
But if we are in want of his Services, he has no less want of a
Salary. When Lord Elgin first sent him to B uccarest he took upon himself
to assign him a certain Salary, which was regularly paid to him <f. 80 v.>
till the end of His Lordships ' Embassy. From that time to this he has
never received a single shilling either of Pay or perquisites, six thousand
Piastres (f 363 s. 1 2 d. 9) excepted, which I was obliged to advance to
him.
I must now venture to let him have all the arrears due to him, for
having no private fortune of his own, he has been living for severa} years
upon money which he borrowed. I hope I shall not incur your Lordship 's
displeasure for what I am going to do. I would gladly have waited for an
answer to the letters I have written on this subj ect; but the Case is became
so urgent, that out of common justice to Mr. Summerers I must now act
without Instructions [ . „ ] .
<f. 8 1 v.> I have the honour to be, with the greatest Respect, My
Lord, Your Lordship's.
Mast obedient and mast

humble servant
Ch<arle>s Arbuthnot
[Adresa:] fo. 80:

The Right Honourable
& & &
�ublic Record Office, Foreign Office, dos. 78/55 f. 80 - 80v (extras) orig.
m 1. _ Fr. Summerers se adresase chiar direct lordului Howick la
engleza.
ianuarie 1 807 �in B ucureşti clamân ? u-şi d �ep�uril e (Ibidem, dos. 78/58,
f. 1 50 - 1 5 1 v , c u anexa decontulm cheltmehlor făcute p entru serviciu '
f. 1 5 1 - 1 54 v0 .
1 10
75
Constantinopol, 1 80 7, ianuarie 18
Ch. A rbuthnot către F. Summerers, avansându-i un acont de 6. OOO

piaştri în contul salariilor sale neîncasate, în pofida intervenţiilor făcute
pe lângă guvernul englez de la care nu s-a primit nici un răspuns privitor
la situaţia sa.
Extrait d'une lettre ecrite par S. E. Le tres Hon<ora>ble Charles

Arbuthnot de Constantinople du 1 8 j anvier 1 807 a Francis Summerers.
Quoique j e n' aye pas encore re9u de response a ce que j ' ai ecrit a
Londres relativement a Vous, j e sens trop combien dans les circonstances
actuelles Votre situation doit etre penible et embarassante, pour ne pas
faire tout ce qui depend de moi pour Vous soulager. J'ai donc resol u de
prendre sur moi de vous avancer encore la somme de Six Milles Piastres,
dont Vous pourrez me faire traite de la maniere que vous j ugerez la plus
convenable, en me faisant en meme temps passer Votre quittance, afin
que j e puisse l'envoyer au Gouvemement. J'ai ecrit de nouveau a votre
suj et, en faisant Ies plus grands eloges de votre zele, et en donnant une
idee des services essentiels que Vous etes a meme de rendre dans le Poste
que vous occupez & & &.
Pour donner a notre Gouvernement une idee plus sensible des
avantages resultants de Votre activite et de Votre intelligence, j e lui
envois par cette occasion une copie de ce qu'il y a de plus important dans
vos derniers rapports et j e me flatte que cela produira le meilleur effet en
Votre faveur.
& & &
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/58, f. 1 5 6 - 1 5 6 v0 ;

76
Bucureşti, 1 80 7, februarie 22
F. Summerers către Ch. Arbuthnot informându-1 despre

deplasarea senatorului Rodofinikin la Galaţi spre a afla ce se petrece la
111
Brâila, Chilia şi Jsmail şi a trimite spioni in Rwnelia. Consilieru � colon �/
<Kaetan Jvanov ici> Fazzardi, evreu botezat din Mantova, zntrat zn
serviciul Rusiei, a fost trimis În Basarabia� (Bug�eac) spre a �ăscula p�
tătari împotriva turcilor. Neînţelegeri zn sa � ul . ar"! atez ruse �z.
incertitudinea operaţiilor de atacare a Gzurgz �lut. C:ome�tarz_z
qefavorabile privitoare la administraţi� lui Consta � tzn �oda Ipszlantz .
Jntărirea .5'piritului combativ al armatei turce dovedzt przn atacul de la
Chilia. Prezenţa instructorilor militari francezi în rândul trupelor
otomane.
Publicat în E. de Hmmuzaki, Documente privitoare la istoria românilor,

Suplement I, vol. II, 1 781-1 814, Bucureşti, 1 885, p . 3 88-389,
nr. DXXXIV copie; ori g. nedepistat în arhivele engleze.
,
77
Bucureşti, 1 807 martie 1 5
F. Summerers către lordul Howick relatându-i informaţiile

primite de la unchiul său, baronul < Christian> Hubsch <von
Grossthal>, Însărcinatul cu afaceri al Danemarcei la Poartă, în legătură
cu plecarea ambasadorului Ch. Arbuthnot din Constantinopol. Nu se
teme de aserţiunile pe care le-ar face diplomaţii ruşi împotriva sa.
Bouccarest le 1 5 M ars 1 807
My Lord,
J ' ai re9u ce matin de Constantinople une D epeche de mon Oncle

le Baron de Hubsch, Charge des Affaires de la Cour de Dannemark, par la
quelle il m' annonce le depart inopine de S<on> Excellence le tres
Hon<ora>ble Ch<ar>l<e>s Arbuthnot, Ambassadeur de S a M aj este pres
de Sa Hautesse; il m' envoit aussi la Note donnee par le Divan ă. tout le
Corp Diplomatique ă. cette occasion. J ' ai l' honneur de j oindre ci-inclus
Copies de ces deux Pieces pour la connaissance du Gouvernement de S a
Majeste.
11 ne faut rien croire de tout ce que Ies Diplomates Russes ecriront
contre moi : j e suis pre a rendre compte de ma conduitte et de la gestion
des affaires confiees a mes soins, tant par I' Ambassade de Sa M aj este ă.
Constantinople, que par la Legation ă. Vienne; j e suis tranquille lă.-dessus;
non obstant je suis mortifie de voir le peu de confiance que l ' on a pour le
1 12
plus zele des Serviteurs de Sa Majeste par suite d'une jalousise mal
placee.
Ce sera par la Legation de Vienne et Petersbourg que Votre Excellence
recevra Ies Rapports de cette Armee Russe, dont le Quartier General a
quite hier Bouccarest pour se rendre aux environs de Ghiurghiova.
J'ai l'honneur d'etre tres respectuesement
My Lord !
de V otre Excellence,
le tres humble et tres obeissant Serviteur
Fr. Summerers
[Adresa] : My Lord Howick
His Majesty's First Secretary
of State for Foreign Affairs London
& & &
Bucharest March 1 5
Mr. Summerers 1 807
R<eceived> May 25
2 Inclosures
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/58, f. 1 5 8 - 1 5 9 v0 ,
orig. în 1. franceză; cu două anexe (f. 1 60 - 1 60 v0 şi f. 1 62 - 1 63 v0).
ANEXE
A)
Constantinople le 1 2 Fevroit 1 807
Monsieur le Consul General,
Les inconstances politiques ayant mis Ch. Arbuthnot dans la

necessite de guitter cette residence, cet Ambassadeur a son depart m'a
confie le son de ses affaires et celles de ses nationaux qui l 'ont
accompagne.
Je mettrai tout le zele et l'attention requise pour repondre d'une
maniere analogue au temoignage de son amitie. Je Vous en fais part et
soyez persuade que Vous me trouverez toujours dispose a Vous etre utile
dans Vos occurences.
1 13
Mr. l 'Ambassadeur, qui se trouve a bord de ! ' escadre Angl aise qui
croise a la hauteur de Tened os, m'a prie de Vous evire jusqu ' a que Yous
receviez de ses nouve lles; de rester cependant a Votre place pour attendre
Ies evenements, & & &
I signe a 1 ' original I H i.ibsch
<Adresa>:
Monsieur Fr. Summerers, Consul General de S<a> M<aj este>
Brittanique en Wallachie et Moldavie
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos . 78/58, f. 1 60 - 1 60 v0,

B)
Copie de la Note officielle de la Porte relativement au depart de

l 'A mbassadeur de l 'Angleterre
Malgre la constante sincerite avec la quelle la Sublime Porte

agissait envers la Cour d ' Angleterre et quoique la situation des affaires ne
pouvait cau�er la moindre mesesitelligence a fondeur ( ! ) entre Ies deux
Puissances, Mr. Arbuthnot, Ministre de l' Angleterre Resident a
Constantinople, dans la conference qui fut tenue il y a cinq a six jours, fit
quelques etranges demandes et pretendait une reponse. La Sublime Porte
voulant le satisfaire, lui dit que pour le moment elle etoit en guerre avec la
Russie mais qu'elle etait fortement liee d'amitie avec l ' Angleterre. Le dit
Ministre, meuntent de cette reponse, signifia qu' il vouloit remettre une
Note officielle qui contiendroit que Ies reponses de la Porte soient
egalement par ecrit. La Porte esperoit qu' il se desisteroit de ses demandes
directement contraires a l ' amitie loyale des nations et des Puissances,
mais aussitot apres avoir envoye le dit office a la Porte, il prit
inopinement sa Legaturi avec quelques negocians ( ! ) et s' embarquo on ne
sait pourquoi, a minuit dans le port, dont coupa le cable, laisso encore et
disparut de cette maniere dela capitole, sans dormer aucune ( ! ) avis. Cette
conduite eternu tout le monde. 11 laisso pourtant un billet pour etre remis a
la Sublime Porte apres son depart dans le quel il allegnait, pour toutes
plaisites que la Porte avoit faut de difficultes de lui delivrer un Ferman de
route pour un courrier qu' il vouloit expedier son sej our a Constantinople
n ' etoit plius en surete. On corn;:oit assement que ce point ne pouvoit pas
1 14
etre le motif de son eloignement de la Capitale, d ' autant plus la Porte
n'avoit pas encore dosmee une reponse negative a ses demandes. Tont le
monde savoit negative a ses demandes. Tont le monde savoit que rien n'a
ete pratique contre la surete de ce Ministre ni d ' aucun autre Anglois. Par
consequent ce depart subit et sans avis etant susceptible de plusieurs
interpretatori la Sublime Porte mettant toute sa confiance dans
l' assistance de tres Haut devroitagir en consequence, mais ne croyant pas
que la Cour d' Angleterre s'ecorteroit des voyes de la j ustice, la Sublime
Porte j uigea a propos de son cote de continuer sa moderation ordinaire, et
en consequence elle vient d' ordonner a tres ses employes, que Ies Anglais
retes sur le Pays, ansi que Ies familles de ceux qui en font fortie,
continuent a etre proteges et assistes, en outre elle Ies a recommandes a
Mons<ieur> le Baron Hubsch, Charge d' affaires de Danemark, que le
Ministre de Angleterre avoit nomme son procureur pour Ies biens et effets
qu'il laissaint ici. Des ordres ont ete dosmees pour que leurs voisseaux
soient arretes pour le moment dans l' etat ou ils sont, afin qu'ils ne soient
point molestes. Et pour que la constante equite de la Sublime Porte sont
encore reconnue cette fois, une copie de cet office a ete remise a tous Ies
Ministres des Puissances asuies pour en communiquer le contenu a leurs
Cours respectives.
Date Ie Lilhiges 1 22 1
6 Fevrier 1 807
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/58, f. 1 62 - 1 64,

copie în I. franceză.
78
Malta, 1 807, aprilie 6
Ch. Arbuthnot către lordul Howick despre instrucţiunile primite la

sfârşitul anului precedent de ambasadorul Italinski de la cabinetul din St.
Petersburg asupra demersurilor ce trebuiau făcute pentru reînscăunarea
grabnică în Principate a foştilor domni Jpsilanti şi Moruzi; după
satisfacţia obţinută din partea Porţii, armatele ruse din Principate nu au
primit ordin de retragere; părerea lui Italinski că ocuparea Moldovei şi a
Ţării Româneşti a fost premeditată de cercurile conducătoare ruse a fost
împărtăşită şi de contele <Dmitri Pavlovici Tatiscev>, ambasadorul
1 15
Rusiei În regatul Neapolului: promisiune a lui Ar�uthno t de a nu dezvălui
in mod public confidenţele făcute de Italinski. In anexă un . r�zumat al
instructiunilor date de ministrul de afaceri externe al Ruszez , baronul
<Andr� i Jakovlevici> Budberg, ambas adorului Italinski privind
restaurarea domnilor Moruzi şi Jpsilanti În Princip ate care n-a satisfăcut
pe deplin Rusia.
Malta April 6 1h 1 807
No 1 7 Secret & Confidential
My Lord,
It has been necessary for me in several of my preceding dispatches

to take notice of the Instructions sent to Mr. d'ltalinsky when he was
directed to require the Reestablishment of the Hospodars.
In the account which, from memory, I gave of those Instructions, I
represented them as merely enforcing it as a duty upon the Russian
Minister to obtain that Reestablishment; and permitting, if it were agreed
to, that the other less important points should be reserved for subsequent
discussion. Since my arrival at Malta Mr. d'ltalinsky has again
communicated to me the above mentioned instructions. I tamsmit to Your
Lordship such an Extarct from them as will I think carry sufficient
conviction had obtained the whole that he was directed to insist upon. A
mast solemn Promise was more over given that the Passage of the
Bosphorus for Russian Ships of War should not be impeded, and a Public
Act was obtained by which the Engagements respecting Moldovia and
Walachia were not only renewed, but, if I remember right, an Avowal was
made that the late deposition of the Hospodars had been a direct Violation
of a subsisting Treaty.
It must I think be interesting to Y our Lordship to receive this
further Proof that the Court of Petersbourg was not satisfied with the
complete acquiescence in lts own Demands, for it tends greatly to
confirm those Suspicions respecting Russia which I have ventured to
express; and in the event of a Negotiation with the Porte it must be useful
to His Maj esty's Govemment to be aware that possibly the Emperor may
not be contented with such terms as, in offering His .Maj esty' s mediation,
I have recently attempted to obtain for Him.
I have mentioned on a former occasion that, with a view to
negotiate on better terms with Fmce, there was, at the time of the renewal
1 16
of the Treaty between the Porte and Russia, an anxious desire at
Petersbourg to occupy some of the Turkish provinces. This was
confidentially written to me at the time by Lord G. L. Gower; and it has
since been confirmed to me by Mr. d'Italinsky, who has very explicitly
owned that the motive for wishing to obtain a Temporary possession of
part of Turkey was avowed to him in a private Letter by prince
Czartorisky. lt cannot be useless to Your Lordship to obtain in this
Confirmation of a Circonstance which appears to me of infinite
importance; and indeed the communication may be the more necessary, as
I am obliged to add to it that Mr. d'Ttalinsky îs firmly of opinion that the
Emperor would not consent to make Peace with Turkey, unless upon such
terms as, notwithstanding the late Successes against the French în Poland,
could not be reasonably expected. Indeed, Mr. d'Italinsky îs deeply
impressed with the idea (which the confidential intimacy between him
and me has probably induced him to aknowledge) that the Occupation of
Moldovia and Walachia had been long resolved upon at Petersburgh; and
this opinion has been much strengthened by a letter from Mr. Tatischeff
the Russian Minister at Naples, în which he attributes în the first instance
the execution of that Measure to the delay în the arrival of the Intelligence
from Constantinople, but which he also considers as having been rendered
indispensable by the utter impossibility of placing any Confidence in the
Professions of the Turkish Govemment.
Your Lordship will I am certain do me the Justice to believe that I
have not stated the above Circumstamces . form a wish to create
displeasure in His Maj esty' s Govemment against the Conduct of the
Court of Petersburgh. lt may be allowed to me to feel somewhat mortified
that by that Conduct the Work was overtumed which I had considered as
likely to be attented with essential Benefits both to His Maj esty and to His
ally the Emperour; but laying aside this sort of consideration, I am at
present influenced by no other feeling than that of being desirous to give
information which may tend to throw a light on what might otherwise be
difficult to account for.
I canno t help adding that a jealousy, and perhaps a natural one, of
the British influence at C<onstantino>ple may have had its share in
inducing the Court of Petersburgh to act as lt has done with regard to
Turkey. Until it had been proposed by Russia, as it was done in the
negotiation of the late Treaty, that all the Greek Subj ects of the Porte
should be under the Emperor' s protection, and that during the War with
France the Principalities of Moldovia and Walachia should be occupied
by Russian Troops, it was Mr. d'Italinsky' s influence an dnot mine which
1 17
greatly and rnost evidently prevailed. The avowal of the views of Russia
produced an instantaneous and lasting change. It was to me that the Porte
afterwards resorted, and on all occasions; and here it may not be
superfluouos ( ! ) to observe that, in the letter form Mr. Tatischeff to which
I have already alluded, it is expressly stated that, not withstanding the
Concessions of thc Porte on the subj ect of the Hospodars, no counter
order had been sent to General Michelson, as it had been perceived that it
was not frorn any principie of Justice, but on account of the interference
of the English Arnbassadour that the illegal Act had been repaired.
I gave Mr. d'Italinsky a promise that the Communication of his
Instructions should not transpire, and on that account I have marked this
dispatch Secret_and Confidential.
I have the honour, & c.
Ch<arle>s Arbuthnot
[Pe verso] : Malta April 6th 1 807

Mr. Arbuthnot No 1 7
I Inclosure. Rec<eive>d May 29
Incloses an extract of Mr. Budberg' s instruction to Mr. d'Italinsky

requiring the reestablishrnent of the Hospodars of Moldovia and
Walachia, frorn which it appears that although Mr. A<rbuthnot> & M.
Italinsky had obtained the whole on which the later was directed to insist '
the Court of St. Petersburgh would not have been fully satisfied with were
aquiescence in its demand.
M. Italinsky has admitted in confidence to Mr. A<rbuthnot> that
the occupation of Moldovia & Walachia has long been resolved upon at
St. Petersburgh.
Mr. A<rbuthnot> has promised M. Itali nsky that the
communication of his instructions should not transpire.
P �bli� Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/55, f. 242 - 246,
ong. m 1 . engleză.
79
Malta, 1 807, aprilie 1O
A rbut� not către lordul Howick despre poziţia ingrată a Marii

_Ch.
. .
Brztanzz la Poarta datorită alianţei sale cu Rusia şi a eşecului mediaţiei în
118
conflictul iscat datorită înlocuirii arbitrare a domnilor din Principate;
eclipsarea influenţei engleze şi prestigiul crescând al ambasadorului lui
Napoleon, generalul Sebastiani, după izbucnirea războiului ruso-turc.
Malta April 6 1 h 1 807
No 1 8
My Lord,
Your Lordship, when you wrote to me on the 1 3 1 11 of January, was

naturally apprehensive that the unfortunate events in the North of Europe
would have produced an unfavourable effect at the Porte. It will have
been proved by my dispatches and by what passed at the time, that,
notwithstanding those events, our Influence was apparently preserved
entire until the Russian Army had passed the Dneister. When the seizure
of the Frontier Turkish Fortresses had given rise to new sentiments
respecting Russia, or had rather brought those to light which certainly in
secret had before existed, I employed every effort to restrain the Turks
from declaring War. In entertained the hope, and so did l\1r. d'ltalinsky,
that explanations would arrive from Petersburgh which would enable me
to mediate between the two Parties with effect; and altho 'the Popul ace of
Constantinople was inflamed to a pitch of fury by the reports daily
coming in from the Borders of the Danube, I succeeded, as Your Lordship
will learn by what I wrote at the time, in persuading the Porte to wait
more than three weeks for the arrival of dispatches which the Russian
Minister was daily looking for, but which unfortunately never were
received. During the whole time that I was so eamestly endeavouring to
prevent those mesures of retaliation to which the Porte afterwards
resorted, my language to the Reis Efendi, both written and verbal, was
calculated to confirm the lnfluence which I then possessed, and to inspire
that confidence which could alone give weight and efficacy to my
Mediation. When the Popular Voice, aided as it was by the warlike
dispositions of the Ulema, had forced the Sultan and his Ministers to
attend no longer to my advice; and when the pormises made to me were
not adhered to, I then thought it my duty to make some alteration in my
conduct. While therefore I still offered the means of restoring Peace, I
took care to avow, as distinctly as I was able, that our Connection with
the Court of Petersburgh would oblige us to support the Russian interests;
and that Turkey, by going to war with, would cause such a diversion in
1 19
favour of France as would virtually render Her the ally of France, and
would thereby force Great Britain to act against Her. If I am not too
greatly flattering myelf, it will I think be evident that, both in my offers of
mediation and in thc Support I afterwards gave to the Cause of Russia, _ I
have fully anticipated those parts of Your Lordship ' s Instructions.
My Situation at the Porte, as was to be expected, was materially
and indeed wholly changed after Mr. d'ltalinsky's departure. The Ottoman
Ministers had been dissatisfied at hearing that Great B ritain and Russia
were so united as to make the two nations but one Power; and as they
were inclined to believe that, in this respect, I had merely spoken my own
sentiments and not those of my Court, which unfortunately was also my
Dragoman' s idea, it was natural that ill-humour should succeed to the
caresses which till then had so profusely been heaped upon me. lt is true
that the angry appearances were soon removed, for it was the interest o f
the Porte to continue at peace with H i s Majesty, and o n this account there
was again en evident disposition to court me; but I must have been wholly
wanting in that vi gilant attention which Your Lordship expected from me,
if I had been the dupe of such an arti fice. At the very time that the
professions of friendship towards His Maj esty were unbounded, that
Conduct with regard to France was unremittingly pursued against which I
had repeatedly and most strongly cautioned the Ottoman Ministers.
General Sebastiani had almost daily Conferences at the Porte; He was
frequently, altho ' in direct opposition to Custom aud Etiquette, admitted to
private audiences by the Sultan; whilst on one particular and marked
occasion, when I strove so anxiously to prevent the Russian War, that
honour was refused to me; He Was decorated with the Insignia o f the
Crescent, which, however trifling the Circumstance may appear, was
highly disrespectful to us, as out of gratitude for British Victories the
Order itself had been created. He obtained the disclosure of my
Confidential Correspondence with the Porte, as will have appeared b y the
Publication in the Moniteur of my letter of the 1 3 of December to the
Dragoman of the Porte; He was so-become the ally of the Porte, that, as I
mentioned at the time . . . .
I have the honour, & c .
Ch<arle>s Arbuthnot
[Pe verso] : Malta April 1 01h 1 807
Mr. Arbuthnot No 1 8 - Rec<eive>d May 29
1 20
80
Sibiu, 1 807, iunie 1 4126
F. Summerers către Kara (Cerni) Gheorghe, căpetenia

insurgenţilor sârbi, despre plecarea sa din Ţara Românească, necesitatea
de a împiedica trecerea emisarului lui Napoleon spre Persia, generalul
<Paul Louis> Cardane, prin Balcani şi motivele pentru care nu a putut
acţiona până acum în favoarea răsculaţilor. Plecarea ambasadorului
britanic de la Constantinopol îl împiedică de a se implica mai mult. Îi
trimite lui Kara Gheorghe un emisar în persoana lui Petar Jvanovic,
deghizat în costum sârbesc.
Hermannstadt 1 807 Juin 26 N . S .
Mon General,
Vous aves appris sans doute par Ies rapports qui Vous ont ete
adresses par le General Miloradovitch, qui commande l ' armee russe en
Wallachie apres le depart du General en Chef Michelson pour Ismael ( ! ),
que Ies affaires dans ce pays avoient pris une toumure contraire a nos
souhaits communs, et que tous Ies habitants de Bucarest ont ete invites
par le General de se retirer au ( ! ) l ' approche de l 'Avant Garde du Grand
Vizir. J ' ai ete du nombre de ceux que Ies circonstances avoient force de
quitter la Wallachie, et me voila ici sur le point de me rendre a Vienne.
Le Commandant de Hermanstadt m 'a communique ce matin la
nouvelle qu'un ambassadeur de Bonaparte allait se rendre incess amment
en Turquie, pour conseiller les habitants des bords du Danube et se
concerter avec eux pour trouver les moyens de contrecarrer vos
operations et vos plans militaires.
Cet ambassadeur de France est le General Gardane, ayant a sa
suite nombre d ' officiers d' artillerie, destines ainsi que lui a une mission
diplomatique en Perse, ayant des vues pour intriguer contre Ies Russes et
nous autres dans cette partie du globe.
A cet effet j 'ai confie la presente a mon homme, Petre Ivovich,
dont le frere s ' est si bien distingue dans l' affaire des volontaires contre
121
Aydin Pacha, avcc priere q ue Vous ayez la complaisance de prendre
tou tes Ies mesures possibles pour empecher le passage de ces Frarn;ais en
donnant vos ordrcs pri ves au General Melenko, qui commande votre
glorieuse avant-gardc, pour qu' i l met tous ses moyens en oeuvre et tâcher
de bicn survci l lcr tous Ies Ghietzids (passages) du Danubes pour ne pas se
laisser trompcr par des Frarn;ais. Je suis convaincu qu'en agissant ainsi
vous rendrez par la un service a la Cour de St. Petersbourg et a celle que
je sers. 11 est tres essentiel de faire observer tous Ies points de Fetty-ul
Islam, de Zimbro ( ! ), de Cladowa et de Widin, car il est tres probable que
ces gens tâcheront de passer par la.
Vous avez appris, mon brave General, par le retour de vos illustres
deputes et par le contenu des lettres que Vous auront ete adressees par le
General en Chef Michelson, combien j ' ai ete făche de n ' avoir pas ete a
meme de Yous rendre le service que dans le temps Yous aviez demande
de moi . J ' ose esperer que Yous aurez trouve mon refus et les raisons, que
je leur ai donnees de vive voix, etre valables, car Ies ordres prives que
j ' avois, m 'obligerent a ne me jamis meler de choses qui n' etoient point de
mon ressort. S 'il y avoit eu en Constantinople un Ambassadeur
d'Angleterre, de qui j e depends directement, j ' aurois pris sur moi de tenter
a lui en parler, et de lui soumettre confidentiellement votre proposition;
mais la declaration de la guerre contre le Gouvemement aupres duquel j e
suis employe ayant force mon chef de quitter s a residence de
� onstantinople je me trouvois absolument dans l ' impossibilite de Yous
etre util<e> dans vos demandes, qui m'ont tres fortement appuyes par
S<o>n E<xcellence> le General en Chef Michelson, a qui les
circonstances imperieuses cy-dessus mentionnees m ' obligerent a faire la
meme reponse.
Je Yous recommande encore une fois l' obj et pour lequel j e Vous
adresse Petre Ivovich, deguise en habit servien, et j ' ai l'honneur d' etre etc.
Francis Summerers
Pub lic Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 7 8/6 1 , f. 95 - 96 v0 ,

.
copie în 1 . franceză; publicat, cu omisiuni şi erori şi de Ceda Mij atovic,
.
op. cit. , p. 66-67, doc . 5 1 .
1 22
81
Bucureşti, 1 807, septembrie 1 9 - noiembrie 14
Extrase din rapoartele cancelistului agenţiei britanice din

Bucureşti, Ioan Marco, expediate lui F. Summerers la Malta şi înaintate
de Ch. A rbuthnot Secretariatului de Stat pentru Afacerile Externe,
privitoare la acţiunile insurgenţilor sârbi, la guvernarea lui Constantin
Jpsilanti şi la raporturile sale cu autorităţile ruse şi boierii, amănunte
referitoare la operaţiile militare de la Dunăre, la relaţiile anglo- şi
franco-ruse, la decapitarea <beizadelii> Aleco Suţu, <mare dragoman al
Porţii> de către turci la Constantinopol, sub pretextul de a fi fost
partizan al englezilor ş.a
Extrait des Rapports addreses a Francis Summerers par son

Chancellier John Marco de la Wallachie sous differents dates, rer;:ues tout
a la fois a Malte
Boucarest le 1 9 7 bre 1 807,
No. I
Depuis mon rapport du 1 6 ii ne s'est passe rien de remarquable

dans Ies Pays que vous avez quittes.
II y a trois j ours seulement qu'Chambellan de l ' empereur
Alexandre est arrive ici de Petersbourg, accompagne d'un Kniez (Noble)
Servien. Aussitot il y eut un Conseil de Guerre; en consequence
Mess<ieu>rs Ies Commissaires de I' Armee furent appelles, on leur
communiqua I ' oredre de preparer des Magazins des vivres pour une
Armee de cent Mille hommes pour une Annee entiere. Le Divan de la
Wallachie donna ses Ordres par Expres dans la Province, pour qu' on
delivre aux Commissaires Russes une grande quantite de provisions de
toute Espece & qualite.
Ce Chambellan arrive de Petersbourg se rendit sans perte de
tems chez Ies Serviens; on le dit charge de la Nouvelle que
B<onapar>te avoit accede a la demande de la Russie d ' unir la Servie a la
Bulgarie & d' en faire un Gouvemement independant, dont le Chef sera
nomme en tems & lieu par la France & la Russie.
La conduite inconsideree du Prince Ipsilanthy a tellement aigri Ies
esprits des Wallaques, qu'il est la cause qu'une faction considerable vient
d'eclater en faveur de B<onapar>te, de maniere que la Russie pour
humilier la Noblesse de ces deux Provinces, vient de mettre en disgrace la
familie moldave de Balsha, en la depouillant de ses titres prerogatives
&&. La ditte famille etoit en partie Fran9ais<e> mais la Russie ne voulant
123
pas îa i rc de il di sgraci a cette famille sous pretexte
c e l a u n rn o t i r apparcnt,
d ' av o i r e n t rctcn u u n c correspondance avec Ies Pachas des allentours.
D ' un cote l a Russie fo i t des grands preparati fs en tout genre pour une
prochai n c C am p agn c avec Ies Turcs, de l' autre ces demiers ont re9u
l ' ordre par des Firmans, insinues par Sebastiany, apres la reception d'un
courrier de cabinet de B<onapar>te, de faire retrograder leurs camps
situes ves Ies Bords du Danube a Schumla; ne laissant qu'une Avant
garde divisee en q uattre points, savoir a Rusinck ( ! ), Silistrie, Sobiston (?)
& Toutourkay.
J ' ai s9u ce matin, que I' Annee turque & surtout Ies troupes
Asi atiques. n ' ayant pas ete payees se sont dissipees en grande partie.
L ' Armee R ussc occupe ces Pays & reste a la deffensive; Ies Turcs de leur
c&te, n 'ont pas d 'ordre a Ies attaq uer. La Communication avec la Turquie
est ouverte & Ies Commen;ants Turcs vont et viennent avec leur
marchandises <comme> si rien n'etoit. Par Ies rapports que j ' ai eu de la
Turquie indirectement & gui me furent confim1es par vos Jannissaires
Janaki & Ismail ( faits pri sonniers par Ies Turcs allant a C<onstantino>ple
& puis relâches par vos Amis au Bord du Danube), je viens de savoir que
vous aviez un parti beaucoup plus fort que vous en etes j amais immagine
chez Ies Turcs de l ' autre Cote du Danube. Moustapha Bairakdar,
auj ourd 'hui Pacha a trois queues, - Gouvemeur de Rusink ( ! ) &
Commandant le centre de I ' Aimee Ottomanne, ainsi que Ies autres Pachas
& Ayans, pretendent que c ' est votre consideration, qu' ils n'ont pas fait
pendre le Consul de Russie, votre frere, lorsqu 'il fut fait prisonier ( ! ) a
Bouccarest. J ' ai S <( U que I ' oppinion de tous ces gens est, que la Porte a ete
trompee par Ies Fran<;:ais. en I ' empeechant de s 'unir aux Anglois, qui sont
generaux meme dans la guelTe, preuve de cela disoient-ils qu'ils
pouvoient reduire en cendre C<onstantino>ple & par sentiments
d'humanite ne l ' ont pas faits ( ! ). Yossouf Pacha de Silistrie & Aydin
Pacha I' Albanois avoient charges vos Janissaires de vous <lire qu'ils sont
encore de vos Amis. Ayant eu occasion de parler avec des gens qui
passent en Turquie je Ies ai charge de me faire parvenir toutes Ies
nouvelles. Tous Ies Dairecs (suites & Employes) des Pachas de l ' armee
parlent souvent de vous, mais ils disent tout le mal possible du Consul de
Russie; on le dit avare, empo1ie & peu fait pour traiter avec Ies Turcs. On
ecrit de Widdins que toutes Ies trouppes Asiatiques ont desertes avec leurs
etandards, ils ne veulent rien savoir de cette guerre.
John Marco
1 24
No. 2 Du 23 fre 1 80 7
Tous les officiers d e l' Etat Major de l ' Annee russe ont rec;u
l'ordre de ne jamais parler de Politique et meme ordre fut donne aux
Boyards Nobles du Pays. Les Regiments respectifs doivent tenir secrets
les Ordres qu'ils rec;oivent de leurs chefs. Defense generale de ne parler
sur Ies affaires de la France avec la Russie & leur proj ets reciproques.
En un mot les Russes & les Franc;ais employent la moitie de la
viile pour espionner l'autre; c' est une Police d'enfer. Aucune ( ! ) part le
systeme de Fouche <ne> fut mieux execute qu'ici; que des injustices, que
des qui pro quos. C 'est un veritable Gallimatias que leur conduite ici,
apres la Paix de Tilsit. Le Parti Franc;ais grossit a point de vue, & la plus
part de notre travail & de vos peines sont perdues. Pendant que vous y
ettiez ( ! ) les choses alloient tant bien que mal; mais a present les choses
vont a la diable. Les Commissaires de B<onapar>te qui president aux
Divans de ces pays, tiennent main forte & personne n'ose parler que pour
chanter les louanges de B<onapar>te.
„ . Les Russes se sont a la fin decide de faire aux Serviens un
envoy en argent, qui leur a ete envoye sous escorte des Cosaques. Ces
insurges manquent d' armes & d' artillerie. Les Serviens sont tres
mecontents de la conduite de Mr. Rodophinikin qui leur promit des
Mondes & merveilles sans rien obtenir en leur favuer.
John Marco
No. 3 Du 26 7bre 1 807
L'Anne e turque s' est preque tout a fait dissipee & les officiers qui
ettoient <"> aupres des Pachas, partie se sont rendus en Perse & partie a
Cons<tantino>ple Peronne ne compred pas tout ce qui se passe, c 'est une
vraie enigme. Vos amis des Bords du Danube sont d' oppinion d' apres a
qu' ils ont dit a J. Sakelario Marchand protege Autrichien que vous devez
connaître, que tout ce que vous leur aviez predit tant de fois alloit arrivee
bientât, car la Porte avoit fait tres mal de se jetter en Amitie avec
B<onapar>te & qu'elle auroit mieux fait de preferer I' Amitie des Anglois.
John Marco
No. 4 Du 30 7bre 1807
Dans la nuit du 27, il est arrive de Petersbourg un nomme Mr.

Jacobson, expedie par l'Empereur avec ses depeches pour les Serviens.
Ce messager, apporta l 'ucaz par lequel le Prince Prosorowsky a ete
1 25
nomme feld marechal pour toutes Ies Armees en Wallachie, Moldavie &
Bessarabie; Ie Divan de la Wallachie lui envoya des deputes pour le
recevoir & lui servir de Mitsmander ( ! ) en Route.
Le Ge<eneral> en Chef Platon expedia un de ses Aide <de> Camp
au G<eneral> Mayendorff pour lui annoncer qu 'il etoit sur le point
d'entrer en Moldavie avec un Corp de dix mille hommes. L ' on assure
quelques messentelligences momentanees ayant eu lieux entre la Porte &
Sebastiany, occasionna un Contre-Ordre au Grand Visir de s'arreter ă
Schumla avec Ies peu des troupes qu'il a avec lui pour attendre un second
ordre de se rendre a Silistrie. Mustapha pacha se trouve avec son corp de
Doghtys (montagnards) vers S lobosia. Tout ceci preuve que la Porte a
corn;ue ( ! ) quelques soupc;ons fondus sur Ies Machinations perfides de
B<onapar>te avec la France ( ! ) <probabi l la Russie>.
Deux Ambassadeurs Turcs sont attendus ici; i ls se rendent ă Paris;
I 'un des deux destine apres pour complimenter les Nouveaux Rois crees
par B<onapar>te „ „ .
L'Hospodar Ypsilanthy est passe a Petersbourg pour implorer la

protection d 'Alexandre a lui accorder un Gouvemement sur Ies Pays a
conquerir sur la Turquie.
John Marco
bre
No. 5 Du 78 7 1 80 7
Le prince Aleco Soutzo & le Richayatsegh (Ministre de

l'Interieur) ont eu la tete tranchee a Cons<tantino>ple, sous un simple
soupc;on de Sebastiany, qu ' ils etoient du parti des Anglois.
II regne dans l 'Armee russe une grande mortali te, ses hospiteaux
o�t dus estre augmentes pour y contenir Ies soldats attaques de
I 'Epidemie. Les malades sont tres mal soignes & p lus mal nourris. Les
Russes & les Franc;ois continuent a <lire tant le mal possible pour ( ! ) Ies
Anglois, ils pretendent qu'ils punirqnt bien le cabinet de St. James, en lui
suscittant ( ! ) des affaires aux lndes.
John Marco
Du 1 7 8 bre 1 8 O 7
L'on a des ăonnees ici d'une rupture entre la Russie &
l 'Angleterre, les Russes continuent a debiter & a faire accredi ter mille
choses contre Ies Angloi s. Le Marechal Prosorowsky etoit attendu a tout
1 26
instant; ii est tres vieux, ii suffit de <lire qu'il ettoit ( ! ) General en chef
lorsque Michelson n'ettoit ( ! ) que simple Colonel.
Du 21 8 bre 1 80 7
L e Gouvem<emen>t Wallaque vient a l'instigation des
Commisaires Fram;:ais de donner votre maison telle que vous l' aviez
laisse, aux articles pris, voles par Ies Cosaques, au Consulat de Russie qui
en dispose en maître, l' on dit aussi que Mr. Lascaroff va loger aussi dans
votre maison a son retour de Yassy, le General en Chef Mayendorff est
retoume de Foksany par Ordre de Prosorowsky qui va lui donner un autre
commandement.
No. 6 Du 2 7 8 bre 1 807
Le 24 le Prince Prosorowsky a fait son entree a Bouccarest. Apres

Ies Potemkin & Ies Repnin jamais marechal desira d'etre accueilli avec
plus de distinction que celui ci. Le lendemain de son arrivee ii assista a
l'Office dans 1 ' E glise Metropolitain. Les Troupes etoient sous Ies Armees
& Ies Boyards ainsi que l ' Etat Major gamissoit son Cortege. Apres cette
ceremonie ce marechal s' occupa a expedier Ies Ordres a son Armee & ses
contr'ordres quelques heures plus tard. Les Ordres donnes aux Boyards
Nobles du Pays pour donner ses quartiers & nommer Ies officiers de
l'Armee, finiront par aigrir Ies habitants, qui sont deja tres mal contents
des Russes. Callimaky & Soutzo nommes Princes de la Wallachie &
Moldavie ont re9us a Runictz (?) des marques de la bienveillance de la
part du Sultan Moustapha, qui leur fit expedier la confirmation de leur
diplomes commes Princes en Air dans <Ies> deux Provinces.
Les Bruits qu'on avoit repandus il y a quelque tems que
l' Autriche entrairoit dans les plans de partage de la Turquie, prennent une
consistence serieuxe; d' apres mome Ies mouvements extraordinaires des
Autrichiens aux Frontieres, l'activite de la correspondance de l'agent
autrichien Brenner, ses communications confidentielles avec Ies Russes,
Ies Commissaires de B<onapar>te. Ici regnent deux oppinions generales:
l 'une que la Russie & la France accederont a donner la Wallachie aux
Autrichiens; & l'autre qu'Elle n' aura que la Petite Wallachie composee
de Cinq districts ayant pour limites la Riviere Aluta & pour Capitale
Crayowa.
John Marco
1 27
No. 7 Du 3O 8lm: 1 80 7
Le Prince Prosorowsky a re9u l 'ordre de se rendre a Crayowa par

ordre expres d 'Alexandre, qui lui a ordonne de marquer le Cordon & Ies
signes de demarcation Ies l imites & frontieres de la petite Wallachie, dont
on ne sait pas encore la destination qui ait pour Ies Serviens & que pour
l 'Autriche qui devra recevoir ainsi la Bosnie. Le G<enera>l Mayendorff a
re9u le commandement de l 'Armee jusqu'au retour du Marechal qui
d' apres son humeur emporte & vif, ont demande <et> obtenu leur cange;
Mr. de Lacaresff est arrive de Jassy pour occuper ici le porte-feuil ( ! )
Politique; c e M<onsieur> est connu pour ses intrigues anciennes en
Turquie . . .
L ' on commence deja a aj outer fois a un article qui a paru dans une
Gazette de Vienne (vous savez bien que l'on n' imprime <pas> pour rien
des articles dans la Gazette de Vienne) ou ii est dit que la Paix entre la
Russie & la Porte etoit sur le point d'etre signee par la mediation de
Sebastiany & qu ' en consequence d'une traitee ( ! ) de paix, la Moldavie
sera aux Russes & la W allachie a I' Autriche.
L ' on expedie continuellement des Courriers de Bouccarest avec
des Depeches au prince Ypsilanthy a Petersbourg.
John Marco
No. 8 Du 4 Novbre 1 807
<Informaţii privind mişcarea trupelor ruse în Principate> Non

portant l ' opinion du public sur le suj et qui ammena a Crayowa le
Marechal Prosorowsky, Mr. de Lascareff convoqua Ies Boyards en p lein
Divan & Ies assura au nom de son Souverain, que ces provinces
appartiendront a perpetuite a la Russie, et qu' ils pourroient compter sur sa
Parole . . .
John Marco
No. 9 Du 1 0 Novbre 1 80 7
Le marechal parti le 4 pour Crayowa avec une tres grande Suite, a

re9u I' ordre de conferer avec Czemi George, Chef des Insurges serviens
& convenir avec lui sur leur interets reciproques. Un Nombre
128
considerable des Cosaques du Don sont arrives de la Russie, ils furent
destines pour l'avant garde sur Ghiourziova. Des Regiments arrives hier
de la Moldavie, ont ete partages dans Ies villages voisins de Bouccarest
& cela pour faciliter aux habitan<t>s d' entretenir le fardeau de donner des
quartiers & la Nouurriture aux soldats vu que le peuple etoit exaspere
encore plus, voyant Ies desordres qu'il committoit au suj et, car souvent
l'on mettoit dans la maison d'un pauvre quinze & vingt soldats, qu'ils
devoient ainsi nourrir, & son voisin qui ettoit a son aise n'en avoit pas un
seul. Le Quartier General part aujourd'hui pour Yassy ou il hivemerait; le
reste de l 'Armee restera en Wallachie.
Le G<eneral> Ulanius commandant l 'avant garde contre Ies Turcs
a rec;;u un occatz ( ! ) de se rendre lui meme avec son Etat Major a
Copatzeny, d'y placer ses avant forces et veiller lui meme pour vient
d'etre persuade que c'est a l'influence du Prince Ypsilanthy sur l'esprit
d' Alexandre que l'on doit attribuer les malheurs arrives dans ces Pays,
bien persuade qu'il serait la cause qua la guerre est reccomancee.
John Marco
No. 1 0 Du 1 4 Novbre
Le G<enera>l Prince Apraxin est arrive de Y assy avec son corps

d' armee; il est destine pour Crayowa le G<enera>l Platow est attendu a
tout moment. Ce que j ' avois predit va incessamment se verifier. Une
roupture avec la Porte & la Russie parroît inevitable. Le 1 1 de ce Mois
l'on a publie sur toutes les places & marches au nom d' Alexandre & de
son armee, l'ordre le plus rigoureux aux boyards, Negotian<t>s, & & que
d'ici en avant personne ne pourra avoir la moindre transaction avec la
Turquie, & ceux qui seront trouves coupables en ceci, on les jugera
militairement & seront mis a mort. On ne donne plus des Passeports a la
Turquie & toute communication est fermee.
John Marco
[Adresa:] To Francis Summerers

Esq<uire> a Malte
Pe verso: In Mr. Summerer's letter of Dec. 24.
1 29
Pubiic Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/5 8, �· 1 72 - 1 8 1 şi
.
78/6 1 f. 1 0 1 - 1 06; copii în 1. franceză. Pentru depeşele dm 1 9, 23 Şl 30
septe � brie 1 807, extrase publicate de Ceda Mijatovic, op. cit. , p. 65, doc.
48, iar din 1 0 nov., ibid, p. 67, doc. 53.
82
Bucureşti, J 807, noiembrie 30
I Jvfarco către F. Summerers despre plecarea feld-mareşalului

<Aleksandr Aleksandrovici> Prozorovski din Capitală; rugămintea
boierilor de a-l lăsa aici pe consilierul <Serghei Lazarovici> Laskarev,
detaşat la Iaşi, respinsă; soarta regimentelor recrutate de fostul domn
Constantin Ipsilanti şi desfiinţate de generalul <Aleksei Nikolaevici>
Bahmetiev; trecerea prin oraş a unui transport de cai destinat de sultan
Împăratului Napoleon .
Bouccarest le 30 Novcbre 1 807
Le Feld-Marechal Prosorowsky avoit fixe son depart d 'ici au 27

de ce mois, . . . s ' etant rendu au Divan de ce Pays, pour annoncer aux
Boyards son depart, ces demiers lui ont temoigne leur regret que ceci leur
causoit, et l'ont prie, qu'il permit au moins que Mr. de Laskaroff reste ici,
pour leur etre utile avec ses conseils; Prosorowsky replique a ceci, qu' il
ne pouvait pas leur accorder cette demande, vu que la presence de Mr. de
Laskaroff etoit plus necessaire a Yassy qu'ici; puisque il etoit tres content
de la conduite du Divan de la Wallachie, mais qu' a Yassy il y auroient
quelques changements a faire.
Le Prince Ipsilanthy, lorsqu' il est retoume la premiere fois de la
Russie, bientât apres l' entree des Russes dans ces Pays, il a commence a
faire recruter, et a forme trois Regiments, le premier se nomoit le
Regiment d' lnfanterie des anciens Grecs, le second s ' appelloit Ies
Husards de la mort et le troisieme etoit un Regiment de Cosaques;
actuellement le Regiment des Grecs a ete deja aboli, et celui des H usards
de la mort le sera bientât aussi. Entre Ies Cosaques d ' lpsilanthy il y a
beaucoup de veritables Russes qui s ' y sont engages; par consequence hier
le General Bahmetiev, qui commande ad interim j usqu ' au retour du
General Lieutenant Miloradovich toute la Division de troupes qui se
trouve en Wallachie, a fait convoquer tout ce Regiment de Cosaques, et
1 30
lui a tenu un discours, dans lequel il leur declaroit par Ordre de
l'Empereur Alexandre, que tous ceux d'entre ces Cosaques qui etoient des
veritables sujets Russes, devroient se faire connaître, et qu'ensuite on leur
donneroit de meilleurs habits, nourriture, &; qu'ils devoient avoir honte,
que Ies Suj ets d'un si grand Empereur servent a un peuple aussi meprise
que des Wallaques; ceux au contraire qui ne se fairoient pas connaître aux
memes, et qu'ensuite on Ies reconnoitroit pour Russes, seroient
severement punis. Quarante hommes a peu pres se sont declares etre des
Russes, entre autres aussi deux de leurs Officiers, qui autrefois avoient
servi dans des Regiment Russes et puis en etoient desertes.
Ces jours ci sont passe par cette ville Dixhuit Chevaux Arabes,
dont le Grand Seigneur envoit Douze a Bonaparte en present et Six
appartiennent a Sebastiani.
John Marco
[Pe verso:] In Mr. Summerer's of 15 Feb<rua>ry 1 808
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/6 1 , f. 1 1 1 , copie în

1. franceză.
83
Bucureşti, 1 807, decembrie 1 1
I. Marco către F. Summerers cu noi amănunte despre plecarea

feld-mareşalului A. A. Prozorovski la laşi, însoţit de consilierul S. L.
Laskarev; zvonuri privind declaraţia de război a Rusiei împotriva Marii
Britanii; ştiri despre încartiruirea armatelor ruse la Jsmail sub generalul
<Stepan Stepanovici> Apraxin şi sosirea generalului conte Nikolai
Mihailovici Kamenski la Bucureşti; des.fiinţarea regimentelor recrutate
de fostul domn Constantin Jpsilanti la ordinul feld-mareşalului
Prozorovski.
Bouccarest, le 1 1 Decbre 1 807
Le Feld-Marechal Prosorowsky est parti d'ici pour Jassy au

commencement de ce mois toutes Ies personnes qui formaient sa suite:
131
aujourd 'hui partira aussi le General du Jour de l 'arrn e e Mr. de_ Tzisiref�
pour rejoindre le Prince Prosorowsky, et Mr. de Laskaro ff de smvre auss1
tres incessamment.
Plusieurs negociants d'ici ont re9u des lettres de Moscou et
Petersbourg, dans les quelles on leur annon9oi t que la Cour de Russie a
declare la guerre au Gouvernement Britanniq ue; cette nouvelle au reste
doit etre prematuree, car si effectivem ent elle etoit vraie, les Generaux
Russes d' ici et Ie Divan en auroient ete informes par des Couriers.
On prepare encore des Quartiers pour des nouvelles troupes qui
doivent arriver ici; on dit que le Corps du General Apraxin a commence a
passer les frontieres de la Moldavie, pour venir a Ismail, et que le General
Kamenskoy avec ses troupes, qui occupe presentenment les environs de
cette fortresse, viendra ici.
Le Feld-Marechal Prosorowsky avoit determine d'abolir tous les
di fferents Corps de Milice que le Prince lpsilanthy avoit fait eriger, vu
qu'ayant ete composes presque entierement de mauvais suj ets, qui a tout
moment faisoient des exces et commentoient meme des brigandes, il en
recevait journalierement des plaintes contre eux, par consequent i l a
congedie tout ce monde a l' exeption d'un Regiment de Cosaques, qui sont
encore les meilleurs de tous les autres et pour les quels le Divan de cette
Principaute a demande la conservation, vu qu'ils etoient utiles pour
executer le payement des differents impots dans le pays & & cependant
l ' on a choisi plus de Deux cents d' entre eux, qui ont ete reconnus pour
des veritables Suj ets Russes, et qui seront partages dans les Regiments
Russes.
John Marco
[Pe verso :] In Mr. Summerer' s of 1 5 1 h Feb<rua>ry 1 808
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/6 1 , copie în

1 . franceză; menţiune în Ceda Mijatovic , op. cit. , p. 68, nr. 5 5 .
84
I. Marco către F. Summerers despre manifestul lansat de Rusia

protest�nd �m_potriva atacării Danemarcii de către flota engleză şi
zvonurile przvztoare la ruperea relaţiilor între A ustria şi Marea Britanie,
1 32
informaţii privind mişcările din rândurile comandamentului rus
(generalul Bahmetiev trimis în concediu şi zvonuri privind înlocuirea sa
cu generalii Miloradovici sau Kamenski) şi speculaţiile făcute în jurul
plecării precipitate a unui curier rus spre Constantinopol, ce ar fi
purtătorul textului propus pentru un tratat de pace între Rusia şi Poartă.
Bouccarest, le 1 9 Decbre 1 807
On sait actuellement ici, que la Russie n' a pas ancore declare la

guerre a l' Angleterre, mais seulement elle a fait publier un Manifeste,
dans lequel elle se plaigne de la pretendue violence qu' elle a commis
envers le Danemark, et la blâme pour cet effet; cependant l' on est
d'oppinion, que la rupture ne tarderoit pas de suivre: quelques uns asurent
meme d'avoir re9u des lettres de Vienne, par lesquelles on Ies informe,
que l 'Autriche aussi est a la veille de se declarer comme ennemie du
Gouvemement Britannique.
Le General Bahmetiev, qui commande ad-interim Ies troupes
Russes qui sont dans la Wallachie, a re9u de l 'Empereur un conge
d'absence pour six mois; cependant l'ont dit qu'il ne partiroit pas avant
que le General Lieutenant Miloradovich ne sera pas de retour de
Petersbourg, que l'on presume sera ici dans une quinzaine de jours;
d'autres disent, que le General Kamensky arriveroit incessament ici, pour
prendre sur lui le commandement des troupes.
Ces jours ci sont partis pour Yassy le General du Jour de l 'Armee,
et Mr. de Laskaroff, avec toute leur suite; actuellement tout le Quartier
General se trouve a Y assy reuni.
Le maître d 'Hâtel du Prince Ipsilanthy est arrive demierement en
Courier (!) de Petersbourg; il assure que ce Prince se prepare pour partir
de la, et qu'il ne tarderoit pas long tems de venir a Bouccarest.
Dans la nuit du 1 7 un Courier (!) Russe du Feld-Marechal
Prosorowsky est passe par cette ville, et a suivi sa route pour
Constantinople avec la plus grande dilligence; on dit que ce meme
Courier ( ! ) a apporte de Petersbourg les Articles du Traite de Paix entre la
Russie et la Porte, et qu' il Ies portait a Constantinople pour etre contre
signes par le Grand Seigneur; du reste on ne le sait pas avec assurance.
John Marco
[Pe verso:] In Mr. Summerer's of 1 5 1h Feb<rua>ry 1 808
1 33
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/6 1 , f. 1 1 6, copie în
I. franceză.
85
A1alt(l, 1 807, decemhrie 2 7
F. Summerers către (1!11basadorul Ch. Arbuthnot plângându-se de

starea sa materială deplorabilă. Aflându-se singur şi bolnav la Malta
doreşte să plece să-şi pledeze cauza la Londra. Neavând nici o resursă
materială spre a-şi plăti călătoria pe vas, a fost obligat să se împrumute
cu 30 lire sterline de la Casa Po/111 & C Prior în contul ambasadorului,
asigurându-l de restituirea banilor de îndată ce-şi va primi sumele
datorate în Anglia.
Malte, 27 Decbre 1 807
Monsieur !
Toute âme sensible devroit etre emmue a ma situation deplorable

<par> chague ( ! ) <gui> me connait, Votre Excellence ne ! ' i gnore pas &
mes services rendus & les sacrifices gue j 'ai fait, par mon zele pour la
nation Anglaise. Reduit a ne posseder plus gue l 'honneur, vfi que toute
autre propriete a ete employee pour soutenir et faire face aux depenses de
mon etablissement en Wallachie. Je me trouve a Malte comme j ' ai eu
l 'honneur de le lui marguer par mes precedentes sur le point de partir
pour me rendre a Londres et tâcher d' amenager mes affaires avec le
Gouvem<emen>t de S<a> M<aj este> moyennant la protection speciale
de Votre Excellence a la guelle il m' est donx d'esperer avoir acquis
guelgues droits.
J e suis malade, n' ayant aucune connaissance ici & aucune
ressource, oblige de faire face aux obligations contractes ici, avec la
capitaine de vaisseau, gui m'a conduit ici & n' ayant pas le moyen de
subvenir autre somme ni celles gu' i l me faut pour me preparer a me
rendre en Angleterre. Confiant specialement dans Ies sentiments de Votre
Excellence, je me suis trouve force de me prevaloir sur Elles, de la
somme de trente Livres Sterlings ordre de Pohn & ces Prior, que j e Ies
supplie de payer. Pour me flatter gue cette demarche sera regardee
comme une margue de confiance que j 'ai dans sa personne. Elle pouvait
1 34
etre bien assuree q ' aussitât que je trouverois de l'Argent en Angleterre,
mon premier soin sera de Ies lui rendre avec reconnaissance.
J' ai l 'honneur d' etre avec le plus
grand respect, de Votre Excellence, le tres
humble et tres obeis<an>t Serv<iteur>.
Fr. Summerers
[Adresa] : A Son Excellence

The Right Honorable Mr. Arbuthnot
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/5 8, f. 1 82v0 ; copie
în l. franceză.
86
Malta, 1 808, ianuarie 18
F. Summerers către ambasadorul Ch. Arbuthnot plângându-se de

intrigile şi calomniile răspândite împotriva lui şi a ambasadorului de
către Isaac Morier, reprezentantul Companiei Levantului şi al celei a
Jndiilor orientale cu reşedinţa la Constantinopol şi refugiat acum în
insula Malta. Acesta se plângea că a fost ţinut la distanţă de ambasador
şi că Summerers avea contacte directe cu amintitul diplomat, deşi
ierarhic îi era subordonat cu tot rangul lui de consul în Principatele
Dunărene, întrucât Summerers era salariat al Companiei Indiilor
Orientale.
Duplicate Secrette
Mal te le 1 8 January 1 808
Monsieur,
Attache aux interet (!) de Votre Excellence par des sentiments de

reconnaissance & de respect je me trouve force, a contrecoeur, de lui
porter des P.l aintes formelles contre la conduite de Mr. Isaac Morier. Je la
supplie d' avoir la patience de lire.
Votre Excellence connaît l'animosite & j alousie, que Mr. Morier
avoit contre moi pour avoir tenu une correspondance confidentielle avec
Elle sans lui en avoir communiquee (!) Ies details, sans ajouter ici la
question des droits qu'il pouvoit avoir sur moi, soit en sa qualite de
1 35
Consul du Roi de celui de Ia Compagnie du Levant. J ' avois cru que
'
l ' amitie de Mr. Morier pouvoit m 'etre utile & d'apres les sages conseils
qu' Elle m ' avoit fait par tous les temps, j ' ai � ache de tenir le chemin de
millicux & j ' ai eusse ( ! ) d'amitie de Mr. Moner en autant que mes ordres
& mes devoirs l ' cxigcoicnt. Mais Mons<ieu>r Morier devenus sourdes &
ambitieuses, gui m ' etoient sinconnus, il se croyait meme de partager le
pouvoi r absolu de Votrc Excellence & d'en ombroger son influence; il
avoit pousse son imprudence I a que j ' ai appris ici I j uiqu'a faire sentir a
plus d'un Consul de Levant, qu' i l avoit une authorite independante de
Votre Excellence. Les Werry et Ies Foresty se sont <uni> avec lui. Elle ne
peut pas oublier que c ' est elle qui a eu la complaisance de me payer le
chemin pour savoir comment m'y conduire avec Mr. Isaac Morier & j 'ai
suivis ( ! ) scrupuleusement ses conseils & ses avis. Mais ce Monsieur
depuis que j 'ai cesse a lui communiquer mes rapports confidentiels que
j 'avois pour un tenus si mal confies en lui, i l avoit, sous le nom de
I ' amitie la plus sincere, de travailler contre moi, a faire tout son possible
pour me rendre <desagreable> an Angleterre & ailleurs, j ' en ai des
donnes tres sures.
Ce n ' est que par le plus grand hasard, que j ' appris avec surprise
que Mr. Morier etoit mon plus grand ennemi, sous Ies apparences Ies plus
cordiales; j ' appris ces jours-ci , qu 'il tenait de mettre toutes ses moyens en
oeuvre pour me perdre, m ' accusant d'avoir ete de conivence avec Votre
Excel lence, pour tâcher de le priver des nouvelles courrants ( ! ) & rapports
officiels de I 'Europe. La conduite de Mr. Morier depuis mon arrive<e> a
Malthe aurait pu m ' en donner quelques soup9ons, mais Ies croyais mal
fondes, lorsque de mes ami m ' en assurerent y aj outant qu' ils etoient surs
par Ies discours qu ' i l tennait contre moi.
Si il etait le cas, le mal ne serait pas grand, mais i l ' y a quelque
chose, de pire, c ' est q ' i l est dechaine sous main, d'une maniere indigne et
de toute indecence contre la personne de Votre Excellence, Ies membres
de son Ambassade & la gestion de ses affaires; pendant son sej our a
Constantinople i l m'a ete dit par d' autres & j e l ' ai entendu moi meme dire
de Mr. Morier d'une belle maniere & a demimots qu' i l ettoit ( ! ) outre
contre Elle, soit de ne lui <pas> avoir annonce son depart, soit de ne
l ' avoir pas mis dans la confidence de ses transactions secrettes ( ! ) . Je sais
qu'il a dit que Votre Excellence avoit contrecarre des operations. II m'a
dit qu'Elle avoit accorde une confiance aveugle dans la personne de Mr.
P ole quelle accomptait ( ! ) pour rien. Je suis <oblige> de passer sous
.
silence toutes I es reflexions qu' i l s'etoit ( ! ) permise de reprendre a son
arrive<e> ici, Ies choses qu'il m'a repete demierement sur son depart
1 36
precipite de Cons<tantino>ple, en l'accusant en outres, d'avoir ete la
cause qu' il a perdu tous ses papiers, effets, argenterie &. Je fais de meme
sur tous Ies propos qu'il a tenu sur sa negociation avec la Porte & sur la
nonreussite des operations de l 'Amiral Duckworth, car cela m ' amenerait
trop loin. Je ne puis pas cesser de <lire, que je trouve la conduite de Mr.
Morier, imprudente & impolitique, & marquee de la plus grande
ingratitude envers Votre Excellence, qui a tant fait pour lui . Tous Ies
Consuls du Levant qui par Ies circonstances de la guerre se trouvent ici,
ont cesse de l 'obtenir, ne s ' etant reserver ( ! ) que Ies simples actes de
politesse de le salluer ( ! ) froidement meme a la rue. Mr. Werry ne peut
pas le vois, ii m ' a dit lui meme chez moi, dans une longue conversation,
sa maniere de penser et j e crois que si Mr. Morier rettourne ( ! ) a
Cons<tantino>ple, aucun des Consuls ne voudroient avoir a faire avec lui.
Mr. Morier quoi , que tres reserve avec moi, il m ' a fait entrevoir il y a
quelque temps toute sa maniere de penser sur Votre Excellence,
l 'ingratitude per9u dans tout ce qu'il dit. Le ton avec lequel ii se plaisait,
me dit-on de s ' expliquer sur Votre Excellence. A son arrivee a Malthe,
avait l ' air comme si Mr. Morier avait des droits a des instructions
secrettes a partager avec l' Ambassade de s . M. A Cons<tantino>ple & ses
pleins pouvoirs & sa preponderance, ii s'etait mis en tete qu 'il auroit pu
un jour en diriger des plans & transactions diplomatiques. Mr. Morier a
actuellement l ' air d ' un chien anrage, ii tache a mordre tout. Jaloux, il
trouvait des autres, incapables de con9evoir a faire quelque chose de lui
meme, cherche tous moyens d' endosser aux autres ses fautes. Mais ce
qu' il y a de plaisant, c'est qu'il ne trouve pas de prise sur Foresty
&Werry, qui se mocquent solennellement de lui & ne veuillent pas meme
en entendre parler. Morier voyant qu 'il n'y avoit pas moyen de s ' acrocher
a eux, crut pouvoir trouver l' opportunite de m ' attaquer par des reproches
tres ameres, comme si j e n' avois pas bien gere Ies affaires de la
Compaignie des Indes en Wallachie, me reprochant d'avoir manque a mes
devoirs, de ne pas lui communiquer le rapport de mes transactions
secrettes & confidentielles avec Votre Excellence. 11 m ' accusa de plus de
ne lui âvoir j amais communique Ies nouvelles politiques de l'Europe & de
lui avoir malitieusement cache Ies details officiels des evenements qui
pouvoient interreser directement Ies interets de la Compagnie des Indes &
ses agents en As ie . . .
Tout le monde rie d e Mr. Morier, qui pour c e donner un faux ton
d'importance s 'est attache au Gouverneur Bale; il le suit par tout & tache
de l ' eclairer sur Ies affaires de l 'Empire Othomane affaires que lui meme
ignore totalement, comme je pourrais bien prouver par ses faits.
1 37
Mr. Isaac Morier n ' a jamais eu ai Ies talents, ni la capacite de
s'acquier a trois employes, qui divises en eux-meme, avoient besoin de
quelque adresse pour se tirer d 'affaires. II peut avo ir ete bon negociant,
mai s la nation a Cons<tantino>ple & ailleurs, ne saurait se vanter de son
adresse & de son savoir faire. Morier s 'ettoit bien apen;u au reste de ce
qui se passait a Cons<tantino>ple, voyant que Votre Excellence tachoit de
le plaser ( ! ) d ans la sphere qui lui convenait, en l ' eioignant adroitement de
toute connai ssancc d ' affaires qui n' ettoient point de son ressort. II intrigua
& fit obtenir a son fils David la permission de suivre Sir Arthur Paget, en
qual ite de son secretaire prive a Cons<tantino>pie, esperant que si
l 'Ambassade aurait eu lieux d ' avoir un queiqu 'un aupres de
l 'Ambassadeur, que puisse le mettre au fait de ce qui se passe & de tout
ce qui pouvait savoir. Heureusement coup de main & de double interet de
famille ne lui est pas reussi, vii Ies circonstances critiques du j our. Il m'a
ete dit que des plaintes ayant ete adresses a Londres par quelques
marchandes du Levant contre Mr. Morier. Je crois meme que Mr. Werry
aye des fmies raisons a se plaindre de lui & de conduite a
Cons<tantino>ple & si Ies choses s'arrangent avec la Porte, Mr. Morier
pourait s ' en rettoumer ( ! ) a Cons<tantino>pie. Mais Ies marchands seront
pour sur contre lui . Il me semble que le Gouvem<nement>t de S . M.
faissait ( ! ) tres bien d 'en donner un autre, Ies divers Compagnies
pourraient en faire de meme. La mailleure chose serait, si Votre
Excellence voudrait bien s 'occuper a lui faire expedier un ordre de se
rettirer ( ! ) en Angleterre, en le faisant rapeller, vu Ies circonstances du
jour, sans que Morier puisse soup9onner d'ou lui vient ce coup.
II me semble que Ies protections des femmes, dont iI avait a la
Cour, ne p euvent lui etre de grande utilite La priant encore une fois de
„ .
ne pas me faire l' auteur de cette lettre, j ' ai l 'honneur d' etre avec le plus
profond respect, de Votre Excellence, le tres humble & tres obeissant
Serv<iteur>
Fr. Summerers
[Adresa] : The Right Honorable

Ch<ar>Ies Arbuthnot
P �bli � Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/6 1 , f. 83 - 88 v0 ,

ong. m 1 . franceză.
138
87
Malta, 1 808, ianuarie 26
F. Summerers către Secretarul de Stat pentru Afacerile Externe,

George Canning, despre trimiterea în primăvara anului precedent a unor
emisari sârbi de către Kara (Cerni) Gheorghe la generalul <Ivan
Jvanovici> Michelson la Bucureşti cu propunerea de a achiziţiona arme
din Marea Britanie şi despre întârzierea misiunii ministrului francez
<Paul Louis> Cardane, la Teheran, reţinut de sârbi datorită
rugăminţilor sale pentru a lăsa timp emisarului britanic Sir Harford
Jones să ajungă înaintea lui în Persia.
Malta, 2 6 Janvier 1 808
Monsieur,
J e m ' empresse de porter a la connaissance de Votre Excellence

qu' apres le depart de Monsieur Arbuthnot de Constantinople, Cerny
Georges, Chef des Serviens, expedia trois de ses deputes en Wallachie
pour concerter avec le General en Chef Michelson sur plusieurs affaires
de la Servie, entre autres sur les moyens d' avoir une somme d' argent, des
armes de feu et des sabres pour s' en servir contre Ies Turcs. Les deputes
et le General Michelson me firent dans le temps la proposition de prendre
sur moi d'avancer a la Servie la somme de vent mille piastres turques
pour compte du Gouvernement de Sa Maj este Britannique, et de faire
venir de l ' Angleterre pour compte des Serviens deux milles sabres et
autant de pistolets et fusils. .
N ' ayant pas eu aucun ordre de me meler aux affaires de la Servie,
ni dans Ies transactions de ce genre, je me suis refuse a ecouter leurs
propositions, donannt pour raison, que le Gouvernement de Sa Maj este ne
permet pas l 'exportation des armes dans l 'etranger en temps de guerre.
Apres mon refus ils s ' addresserent aux Autrichiens, mais j ' ignore quel en
fut le succes de leur demande.
J'ai l 'honneur d'informer Votre Excellence, qu'en cosequence des
lettres que j ' ai adressees dans le temps a l ' armee Servienne (dont ci-jointe
copie) il m' est reussi de faire retarder le passage de Gardane en Turquie
(qui n'a pu l'effectuer qu' apres l'armistice de Tilsit) pour plus des deux
mois, esperant par la laisser tout le temps au Gouvernement de Sa Maj este
de pouvoir envoyer quelqu'un en Perse pour contrecarrer les intrigues de
1 39
cc General Gardane. li est a esperer que Sir Stratford ( ! ) <corect Harford>
Jones arrivera a temps pour y faire quelque diversion.
J 'ai l 'honneur d ' etre, avec le plus profond respect etc.
Francis Summerers
[Adresa : ] To the Right Honourable George Canning, etc.
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/6 1 , f. 93 - 94, orig.
în I. franceză; publicat, cu omisiuni şi erori şi de Ceda Mijatovic, op. cit. ,
p. 66, doc. 50.
88
Malta, 1 808, februarie 1
F. Summerers către Ch. Arbuthnot informându-l despre trimiterea

rapoartelor cu ştiri privind situaţia din Ţara Românească şi Serbia şi
contracararea acţiunilor reprezentantului francez trimis în Persia,
generalul Cardane; protestează vehement împotriva calomniilor lansate
de David Morier, agent al Companiei Indiilor Orientale engleze în India,
care l-a acuzat d't:! a fi partizan al francezilor.
Malta ce 1 er Fevrier 1 808
Monsieur !
Par le demier Paguet gui a guitte Malte le 23 du mois j ' ai eu

l ' honneur de transmettre a Votre Excellence plusieurs de mes lettres
confidentielles gui doivent l ' interisser.
Par celui d' Auj ourd 'hui je lui ai envoye un paguet contenant
Duplicate d'une lettre tres interessante sur la conduite de Morier, plus
l' Extrait des nouvelles de la Wallachie; les details de ma conduite contre
Gardanne allant en Perse & ma Correspondance avec les Serviens.
Dans le cas gu' Elle n'a pas re9u ce Paquets par l ' occasion du 23
Fevrier & celui d' Auj ourd' huy Votre Excellence fera bien de Ies faire
chercher a la Porte .
.Te sui � tres făc � e de ".' enir encore une fois a la charge sur le
Corupte du v1eux Moner, ma1s sa conduite m ' en fait un devoir. Des
1 40
lettres de l'Angleterre & surout celles du 1 0 ou 1 4 Novbre arrives
par deux Paquets differents Aux Re<iden>t<s> d'ici & du Levant refugies
a Malte, font mention de la Conduite inconsideree de Morier, qui s'est
rendu ridicule en Angleterre, en accusant Votre Excellence aussi, de la
Compagnie, & l'on dit meme aupres du Gouver<nemen>t de S<a>
M<ajeste>, sur plusieurs choses dont il ne m'est pas reussi d'en avoir
connaissance jusqu'Aujourd'huy. Tout ce que l'on m'a dit hier au soir
c' est qu'Elle est accuse de n'avoir pas eu de la confiance & des egards
pour Morier & qu 'Elle a su intriguer sous main pour contrecarer ses
transactions comme Agent des Indes & qu'elle faisoit de preference ses
confiance ( ! ) a d' autres que lui, mais le plus fort de ce qu'il a ecrit contre
Votre Excellence n'est pas cela & il y a quelque chose d' autre, que je
tâcherai de decouvrir.
Morier est si vindicatif qu 'il se rend dangereux & si mes chefs
n'etoient pas persuades de mes sentiments d'honneur & de mon
attachement pour la nation Angloise, j 'aurois du trembler des
inconsequences continuelles de Me. Morier, pourroit-on le croire ! ! ! ne
trouvant aucubne autre maniere a nuire a ma Reputation, il a fait repandre
a circuler avec adresse & d'une maniere indirecte, que je suis Partisan
Fram;ais. Peut-on se figurer une Absurdite plus grande ! ! ! Je ne me
daigne pas meme de relever cette betise, car ma conduite parue, & les
sacrifices que j ' ai faits, sont de tres fortes raisons a convaincre ce qui
pensent mal de moi au contraire. Mais comme ces choses se repandent
dans un Pays ou je suis inconnu, cela pourroit me nuire - c'est sous ce
point de vue que j 'ose lui en parler de cela.
L'on n' aura pas de repos si on ne leui fait pas parvenir un ordre du
Gouver<nemennt > de S<a> M<ajeste> de s'en retoumer en Angleterre,
si j amais il retorune en Turquie il tîchera de faire le Diable en quattre. On
assure ici que la Paix est tres prochaine, si cela est, je supplie Votre
Excellence de se rappller de moi & de me faire donner une situation
avantageuse.
J'ai l'honneur d'etre, avec le plus profond
Respect de V otre Excellence
le tres humble &t tres obeissant
Fr<anci>s Summerers
[Adresa] : His Excellency The R<ight> Hon<ora>ble
Ch<ar>les Arbuthnot
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/6 1 , f. 1 07 - 1 08 v0 ;

141
89
Dardanele, 1 808, noiembrie 1 8
Robert Adair, fost ministru ad-interim a l Marii Britanii la Viena

apoi ambasador la Poartă, către G. Canning despre răspu � sul pri"! it
prin reis efendi <Mehmed Sa 'îd Gaalib Efendi> de la znternunţzul
Austriei la Poartă <baronul lgnaz von Stiirmer> privind încheierea unui
tratat de pace ruso-turc, deşi Rusia nu doreşte restituirea teritoriilor
ocupate iar Poarta să se resemneze cu pierderea lor. Vederi comune în
problema Spaniei. Negocieri suplimentare necesare zn vederea
clarificării raporturilor anglo-austriece.
Mast Secret
Dardanelles Novber 1 8, 1 808
Sir,
The Austrian Intemuncio at Constantinople has sent me through the

Reis Effendi, an answer to the letter I wrote from London on the twenty
sixth of June, and which I addressed to Vienna. Not having received that
Letter before the 3 1 5 1 of August, the writer did not know where his answer
was likely to find me. He admits the great importance to Austria of settling
Peace between Russia and the Porte and gives me to understand that the
Court of Vienna had been endeavouring to bring it about, but that Russia
would never evacuate the Territory she was already possessed of, and that
the Porte appeared equally determined never to cede it.
He states that the Style employed on this business at St.
Petersburgh, . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 and that he will make use of any Letter to the
. .
same effect at that Court.

With respect to Spain and what relates to Austria, he professes
opinion entirely corresponding with those I addressed to him. lt would
have been his Wish, he says, to have received from me, a more precise
Explanation of what I had states respecting the dispositions of the British
Govemment towards Austria, and also with regard to the proofs which I
had states myself authorized to give them; but having now the means of
1 puncte d e suspensie în document
142
more direct communication with London, he informs me he has already
written upon the Subject.
In my answer, I shall of course leave all explanation on this point
to H<is> M<aj esty'>s G<overnment>; but I trust that you will approve of
my Correspondence, in the event of Austria coming forward to concert
immediately with Sir I. Stuart, the plan of operations for its ally.
I have the honour to be & c.
(signed) R. Adair
[Adresa] : the R<ight> Hon<ora>ble Geo<rge> Canning
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/63, f. 1 9 - 20;

copie în 1. engleză.
90
<Dardanele> Port Barbieri, 1808, noiembrie 22
R. Adair către G. Canning privind negocierile de pace între

Marea Britanie şi Imperiul Otoman prin emisarul <Seyd Mehmed Emin>
Vaahid Efendi, < "Nişhami " (purtător de Sigiliu)>. Efectele înlocuirii la
tron a sultanului Mustafa IV prin Mahmud II. Alcătuirea unui proiect pe
baza căruia să se poarte tratativele de pace. Problema cinstirii ce trebuie
acordată ambasadorului datorită excepţiei făcute anterior prin
amploarea solemnităţii primirii celui francez, generalul <Horace>
Sebastiani.
No. 2 H<is> Maj esty S<hip>

„Sea horse"
Port Barbieri Nov<ember> 22nd 1 808
Sir,
Notwithstanding the disturbances which were raging with the ut

most violence at Constantinople, my conference with Vaahid Efendi,
which, in my last dispatch I mentioned to have fixed for the 2 1 5\ took
place according to appointment.
The first point to be settled was the verification and exchange of
our respective full powers.
To those of Vaahid Efendi I had nothing to object. To mine, he
took exception on the ground of my being commissioned to treat for a
143
peace between His Majesty and Sultan Mustapha instead of Sultan
Mahmoud. I need not trouble you with a detail of my answers to this
objection. They were such as will obvously suggeste themselves. I made
him comprehend, indeed, that if his reasoning was good, all Treaties
between States must necessarily be annulled on the demise of either of the
contracting Sovereigns; and again that it lay rather with me to object to
treating with me; but after a full hours discussions he still adhered to his
objection, with this curious distinction - that it was valid as far as it
regarded the exchange of our full powers, although not valid as far as it
garded my competency to conclude a Peace.
Our respective commissions were of course not exchanged, and
indeed in the disturbed state in which I knew Constantinople to be, and
doubtful as I was whether at that time I was aerguing this point, Sultan
Mustapha might not again be on the throne, I did not press the exchange
so strongly as I should have done under other circumstances.
And here our conference might have ended, and possible the
whole negociation, had not Vaahid Efendi most eamestly requested me to
proceed to the discussion of the articles of the Projet, which, as we had
agreed at our first meeting, I was to prepare for the business of the day.
After protesting in the strongest manner against the validity of his
obj ection to my full Powers, and putting in my clain to call for the
exchange of them in any stage whatsoever of the negociation - after
remarking to him, too - that by consenting to discuss and conclude he in
fact gave up the whole substance of his argument, I consented to his
proposal. lt appeared to me that by so doing the advantage would be on
our side should the negotiation break off. By producing my Projet of a
treaty, I made manifest His Maj esty's extreme moderation; and although
this be a point to well known to require proof, I did not deem the
manifestation of it wholly superfluous on the present occasion, as to my
knowledge the French had been most active in their endeavours to make it
be believed by the Ottoman Govemment that His Maj esty had demande to
make incompatible with their interests, or with their honour, to grant.
Another reason which induced me to bring forward my terms
arose from the distinct avowal of the Reis E fendi in his letter to me that
„
no cause of war existed between the two powers" . Nothing after this
would be wanting to put the Ottoman Govemment complea tly in the
144
wrong, according to it's own express a chnowledgement, should they
reject the Treaty which I was about to after them on a ground so frivolous
as that which I have stated.
After recapitulating, therefore, to Vaahid Efendi, some points
which I had pressed upon his attention at our firsts interview, such as that
I came to the Dardanelles on the express invitation, again & again
renewed where it had been broken off last year, the points on which it had
broken off must be considered as conceded by the circumstances of that
invitation, and that of there were any articles to discuss it was rather for
him than for me to prepare them, I said that in order to bring the business
to a point at once I had reduced all I had to propose to the article I held in
my hand; by which I would abide provided he had no demands to make
on his part.
He answered, that he should have something to propose, but that
he was not then ready with it.
The nature of this whole question is so extremely simple, and so
very different from that of negotiations between powers where, as under
the ancient European System, a variety of opposite claims & Complicated
Interests are to be arranged, that I thought it needless to delay the
discussion of the Project by pressing at that moment anx claim for a
communication of the nature of the terms to which he alluded; more
especially as I was fully prepared to meet any demand he might have to
make. I went on therefore,under the reservation already mentioned, and
delivered in the enclosed Projet, which was translated & discussed article
by article.
The first difficulty he made was with respect to the clause
concerning the Ambassadeurs. He objected to it as unnecessary, their
privileges and equality being provided for by the Capitulations, which by
the preceding article were to be restablished.
In answer to this I observed that the Capitualtions had been
virtually departed from in the instance of General Sebastiani's reception.
That Mr. Arbuthnot having protested against the extraordinary honours
paid to that Ambassadours and bis conduct in so doing having been
approved by His Majesty, some publick satisfaction was necessary. That I
came to re-establish Peace, and not a system of complaints and protests to
which there would be no end.
1 45
We discu ssed this much at length without comm g to any
conclusio n.
The rest of the clause s of this article had been made out with a
view of provid ing some remedy for those deviati ons from the true
meanin g of the Capitul ations which I had observed in the late
Correspondenc e of Mr. Arbuthnot.
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/6 3, f. 2 1 - 2 6 .
91
<Dardanele> Port Barbieri, 1 808, decembrie 1 3
R. Adair către negociatorul Vaahid efendi, lămurindu-l despre

Înşelăciunile lui Bonaparte care nu poate asigura Porţii restituirea
Principatelor ocupate de ruşi iar aceştia nu pot fi scoşi de acolo decât
prin forţă. Încercările Porţii de a-şi îmbunătăţi situaţia sunt îngreunate
de conflictul ei cu Marea Britanie. În caz de pace, Imperiul Otoman ar
putea lupta contra Rusiei la sud, în timp ce A nglia şi Suedia ar constitui
un front la nord. Zvonuri lansate de francezi privind pacea cu englezii,
determinate de evoluţia situaţiei din Spania. Posibilităţile pentru Turcia
de a încheia pace cu Marea Britanie: una simplă, sau una însoţită de o
alianţă contra Franţei. Izolarea Turciei agravată prin starea de război cu
Anglia. Necesitatea pentru otomani de a încheia o pace favorabilă şi în
termeni rezonabili cu englezii discutate şi de premierul Canning cu
trimisul extraordinar al Porţii, la Londra, Sidki efendi.
H<is> Maj esty S<hip>

„Sea-horse"
Port Barbieri
t Jth
Dec<ember> 1 808
Sir,
Before Your Excellency shall determine finally to rej ect the

Treaty of Peace which I have presented to you for Signature, it is my duty
once more to entreat that Your Excellency will seriously reflect upoiJ. the
consequences.
1 46
Is it possible that Your Excellency, after the experience you have
had of Buonaparte, can believe that the object of any Congress he may
pretend to summon for the Settlment of the Affairs of the Sublime Porte,
is to obtain for her the Restoration of Moldovia and Walachia ?
Does Y our Excellency believe that Russia will be induced to
evacuate those provinces by other means than by force?
Does Y our Excellency believe that Buonaparte will employ force
to procure their Evacuation?
Does Your Excellency believe that the Armies of the Porte alone
will suffice for that object?
Finally, does not Your Excellency see that the only rational
chance of re-obtaining possession of those Provinces by force for the
Sublime Porte, is through the pressure of the War on Russia by the united
Arms of His majesty and the King of Sweden in the North, added to those
means which the Sublime Porte will have at her disposal in the South,
when the pressure of her own War against Great Britain shall be
removed?
But it is rumoured that since the Conferences at Erfurt,
Buonaparte has proposed to open Negociations with Great Britain, and
that this Congress is to be eld for a general Peace. Can Your Excellency
look to the affairs of Spain, and doubt the motive of such a proposal? Is it
not a proof that he cannot even begin to attack Spain in eamest, until he
has secured himself on the side of Poland and Germany? And is it not
most strange, after all the amicable professions of the Sublime Porte, that
a circumsatnce which evinces how little the Sublime Porte has really to
fear from France, should encrease the difficulties in the way of its making
peace with Great Britain?
These are question to which Your Excellency can make but one
answer.
On the other hand, if the Sublime Porte should throw away the
opportunity of making Peace with Great Britain which now presents
itself, does Your Excellency think that she will ever again find one so
favourable?
Great Britain is the natural friend of Russia, an sooner or later
Peace must be re-established on one or the other of these princip Ies: First
Simple Peace without joining Great Britain in any league against France.
Secondly - Peace and Alliance.
If the Peace should be made on the first of these princip Ies, does
Your Excellency think that, supposing the Treaty I offer you to be
rejected, Great Britain will interpose in any form or shape whatever to .
1 47
prevent Russia form occupying, and �niting to her ? wn dominions any
.'
part of the Territoires of the Sublime Port� wh1ch she may JUdge
convenient for the Security of her own Frontiers ? lf we should make
peace either on the second principle, namely that of Allia�ce, would it �ot
be natural that Great Britain should adopt measures of active co-operatlon
with Russia, and assist her in carrying all her obj ects into effect, both on
the Danube an din the Archipelago, against the Ottoman Porte ?
On the other hand, can Y our Excellency avoid seeing that Great
Britain, unfettered at this moment by any Engagement with Russia, must
be the Firend of that State with which she shall make peace first ! If with
Russia, the interests of that Power (so long as they are conforrnable with
J ustice) will be preffered to those of the Porte. If with the Porte, not only
the present interests, but the future Security and Independance of the
Porte, will forrn the essential object of her care in any Treaty of Peace she
may make hereafter with Russia, or with France.
Your Excellency asked in our Conference o f the twelfth instant,
what the Ottoman Gouvernment would gain by such a Peace as that
which I propose.
After what I have here stated to Your Excellency, it will be
enough in answer to this question to say, that the Ottoman Gouvernment
will gain Peace. Can Your Excellency, who knows the meaning o f this
word, be ignorant of its value ?
But may I be permitted in my turn to ask Y our Excellency what
the Ottoman Gouvemment will gain by war ? And here it becomes my
duty, in obedience to instructions I have recentla received, and which
were written subsequent to the Conference which took place in London
between Mr. Secretary Canning and Sidki E ffendi, to make the following
most explicit declaration to the Ottoman Gouvemment.
„That if after being invited by the Sublime Porte to the renewal of
the Negociation, the British Gouvernment should find itself deceived, the
W ar will from that moment begin to assume a serious Character, and the
interposition of Great Britain to save Turkey from dismemberrnent will be
at once and altogether withdrawn".
Having made these declarations in the name of my Sovereign, I
repeat my question - What does the Ottoman Gouvemment expect to gain
by War ?
Does it expect to gain the two points, or even one o f the points, on
which Your Excellency has announced to me that Peace now depend ?
Does Y our Excellency seriously imagine that Great Britain will
be compelled by force to restorc, or pay a compensation for these Ships ?
1 48
Your Excellency may be assured that until the Fleets of the Sublime Porte
shal have beaten and destroyed the Fleets of Great Britain, no proposal of
such a nature will ever be admitted, nor even the discussion of it be
suffered, by a British Plenipotentiary.
Or does Your Excellency think that by continuing the War we
may be forced at last to purchase a peace by surrendering our Navigation
Act, and violating the Charte ofthe East India Company.
An idea so extravagant can only have been suggested to the
Ottoman Gouvernment by its Enemies. In effect no Article of this nature
was proposed by Sidki Effendi to Mr. Secretary Canning.
If therefore Y our Excellency should persist in making these to
Articles the Conditions of Peace, do you not see that you are denouncing
( ! ) etemal War against Great Britain ? And can Your Excellency hope
that the Sublime Porte will gain by such a Contest ? Is it not likely on the
other hand that many more Ships belonging to the Sublime Porte will be
captured, and consequently that the difficulties of making peace will be
more and more encresed every day that the War continues ?
Your Excellency appears to think that His Maj est's Gouvemment
at London has been liberal in its offer of assistance than I have been. But
Your Excellency must recollect that I have not refused Assistance to the
Sublime Porte in the event of her being attacked by France. I have only
declared, in obedience to my instructions, that I could not enter upon a
Subject which belongs properly to a State of Alliance, unti after the
restoration of a State of Peace.
I have proposed also after the restoration of a State of Peace, to
enter into the most confidential Explanations with Y our Excellency upon
the mans of forming such an Alliance as in the present Circumstances of
Europe might most effectually contribute to the permanent Security of the
Ottoman Empire.
These Considerations it is my absolute duty now for the last time,
to lya before Your Excellency in the plain, the friendly but at the same
time the fearless language of Truth. I am anxious to make this language
agree asmuch as possible with that of Conciliation, but the duty imposed
upon us both at this eventful Moment compels me to state without
disguise, and will induce Your Excellency (I hope) to consider without
passion, the inevitable consequences of rej ecting a Peace which Your own
Gouvemment has desired, and which I agă.in offer in the name of mine.
I request Your Excellency to accept, &
(Signed) Robert Adair
149
[Adresa:] To H i s Excellency
Vaahid Effendi, &, &, &
[Pe verso : ] Copy of a letter from

Mr. Adair to Vaahid
Effendi, dated Port
Barbieri, Dec<cmber> 1 3, 1 808
B.
Inclosure i n Mr. Adair's dispatch n o 6
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/63, f. 7 1 - 74,

92
Pera, 1 809, ianuarie 28
R . Adair câtre negociatorul Vaahid efendi, despre încheierea

tratatului de pace intre Imperiul otoman şi Marea Britan ie şi insistă
pentru încheierea plicii intre Rusia şi Imperiul otoman pentru care Marea
Britanie îşi oferă bunele oficii.
Copie Pera, le 22 Fevrier 1 809

Monsieur,
La paix venant d' etre heureusement retablie entre nos deux

Empires, je saisis avec empressement l' occasion de sa signature pour
donner a la Sublime Porte Ottomane Ies premieres preuves de cette amitie
que la Grande Bretagne n' a cesse de nourrir envers Elle.
La guerre la Sublime Porte soutient encore contre la Russie n'a
aucune relation avec la grande querelle que se vide entre l' Angleterre et la
France ni dans son origine ni dans son but; et Sa Maj este l 'Empereur de
Russie ayant nomme des Plenipotentiaires pour traiter de la paix avec la
Sublime Porte, parait avoir fourni une preuve de ses dispositions amicales
envers Elle.
1 50
Le retour de la paix entre ces deux puissances serait du meilleur
augure pour tous Ies peuples. Bannie, presque, du monde Chretien, c'est
dans Ies Etats Ottomans qu'elle cherche a se fixer la premiere, et c'est de
la sans doute, que le Souverain dispensateur de tous Ies biens a voulu
qu'elle s'etende sur le reste de I 'univers.
Effectivement il parait que l'Empereur de Russie, du meme
moment ou s 'affranchissant de la mediation Frarn;:aise il a nomme des
Plenipotentiaires pour traiter directement avec la Porte a adresse aussi des
propositions amicales au Roi mon maître.
Si Ies propositions de Sa l\fajeste Imperiale ne renferment que le
sujet du different entre I ' Angleterre et la Russie, cette paix sera bientot
faite. La Porte et la Russie s'accorderont de meme s'il ne s' agirait au
congres de Jassy que du sujet original de leur querelle.
D ' apres ce principe, en attendant l'ouverture d'un Congres general
pour regler les affaires des autres puissances actuellement en guerre il
paraît tout simple que la conclusion immediate (!) de la paix entre la Porte
et la Russie serait un bonheur commun, et un obj et pour le succes duquel,
malgre tant de sujets de division, tout le monde devait se trouver
d'accord. C ' est afin de preter la main a une oeuvre si salutaire que je
m'adresse maintenant a Votre Excellence. Ses lumieres sans doute lui
presenteront Ies moyens de tirer parti de tout ce que le renouvellement des
anciennes relations entre l 'Angleterre et la Sublime Porte pourrait y offrir
d-avantageux. J'aime a croire que l' intervention de l'Angleterre, non pas
pour s'immixer dans vos negociations sans y etre appelee, mais par
l'interet sincere qu 'il est toujours permis de temoigner pour le salut et le
bonheur d'une puissance amie, ne serait point deplacees a cette occasion,
car quoique les evenements extraordinaires de nos temps ( ! ) aient mis
l' Angleterre et la Russie en etat de guerre l'une avec l'autre rien de ce qui
pourrait contribuer au renouvellement de l'amitie entre des peuples faits
pour s'estimer a tant de titres peut etre indifferent pour aucun des deux.
Penetre de cette varite et pleinement muni des sentiments et des
vues de ma Cour l'autorise (!) Votre Excellence de communiquer aux
Plenipotentiaires Russes que tel que pourrait etre le fruit de la ouverture
pacifique que l'Empereur de Russie conjointement avec la France, vient
de faire aupres du Roi mon maître, la conclusion de la paix entre la Porte
et la Russie sera, dans tous Ies temps, un obstacle considerable de moins a
la paix entre Elle et l ' Angleterre, et presentera meme des moyens de
151
J 'acheminer que Ies vrais am1s Ies vra1s des deux Empires sauront
toujours mettre a proj et.
(Signe) Robert Adair
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/63, f. 1 50 - 1 5 1 v;

93
R. A dair, ambasadorul A ngliei la Poartă, către mareşalul

<Aleksandr A leksandrovici> Prozorovski, comandantul trupelor ruse de
ocupaţie in Principate: despre dorinţa manifestată de cercurile oficiale
britanice pentru a se inc/zeia pacea intre Rusia şi Imperiul otoman spre a
se restabili astfel, bunele raporturi ale St. Petersburgului cu Regatul
Unit.
Copie Pera ce 28 J anvier 1 809
Monsieur le Feld Marechal,
Quoique I' etat d' eloignement ou se trouvent malheureusement nas

deux Cours semble n' autoriser aucune correspondance entre Ies Employes
respecti fs des Souveraines ( ! ) nos maîtres, Ies circonstances tout a fait
nouvelles ou nous nous trouvous par rapport a l a guerre qui dure encore
entre la Russie et la Porte justifieront la comunication que j e prends la
liberte d' adresser maintenant a Votre Excellence.
11 serait inutile de rappeler a Votre Excellence les causes qui ont
amene cette guerre. Elle sait que l ' Angleterre y est entree comme l ' alliee
de la Russie. L ' Angleterre de meme ne se serait j amais pretee ( ! ) a des
negociations separee avec la Porte (comme il a ete provuve p ar la
conduite de son Plenipotentiaire en l ' an 1 807) sans la malheureuse
separation d' interets que la paix de Tillsitt ( ! ) avait produit entre Elle et la
Russie.
La rupture plus făcheuse encore qui s' ensuivit rendit cette
separation complette ( ! ) . L' Angleterre ainsi n' ayant plus rien a demeler
1 52
avec la Porte, et le Roi mon maître m'ayant muni de pleins pouvoirs ă. cet
effet, j ' ai conclu un traite de paix avec Elle le 5 Janvier.
Cependant, Monsieur le Feld Marechal j e ne puis ni oublier
l' origine de cette guerre dans laquelle nous sommes entres sous le memes
auspices, ni perdre la douce habitude de regarder la Russie comme
essentietlement l ' amie de l' Angleterre, ou pour de neglij er une occasion
qui m'est si naturellement presente d'offrir ă. Votre Excellence non pas
l' intervention de ma Cour dans vos negociations avec la Porte (ou je suis
loin de vouloir m' immiyer sans y etre appelle) mais toutes les bonnes
offices, tout ce que l' expression des voeux sinceres du Roi mon maître
pour voir se retablir, d'une maniere solide, la paix entre la Russie et la
Porte, pourraient avoir d ' efficace aupres de la Cour Ottomane. C ' est avec
d'autant plus d 'empressement, Monsieur que j e vous fais cet offre que je
m'appen;:ois d'un demarche pacifique que S. M . Imperiale votre auguste
Souverain vient de faire conjointement avec le Chef du gouvernement
Franc;ais aupres du Roi mon maître. Telle que pourrait etre l ' issue de cette
ouverture j e ne balancerai pas d' assurer Votre Excellence que la
conclusion de la paix entre la Russie et la Porte sera dans tous Ies temps
un obstacle de moins ă. la Paix entre la Russie et I' Angleterre et par
consequent ă. cette paix qui seule peut assurer le vrai repos de !' univers.
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/6 3, f. 1 55 - 1 5 6 ,

94
Pera, 1 809, februarie 1 O
Extrase dintr-o scrisoare adresată de R. Adair <contelui Johann

Phil/ip Karl von Stadion- Thaunhausen, ministrul Afacerilor Externe al
Austriei> la Viena făcându-i cunoscut conţinutul a două note înaintate de
însărcinatul cu afaceri al Franţei la Poarta otomană <Just Florimond du
Fay, marchiz de Latour-Maubourg>, la 1 7 şi 19 ianuarie 1 809. Se fac
comentarii pe marginea politicii engleze faţă de Poartă, cu eventuale
negocieri în privinţa statutului Principatelor şi speculaţiile create în
legătură cu intenţiile Londrei de a pune Rusia, dacă persistă în alianţa cu
Napoleon, în faţa unei eventuale alianţe între otomani, Austria, Anglia şi
Suedia îndreptată împotriva ei.
1 53
A /etter sent by Mr. A dair to his C01-respondent at Vienna
1 809 ianuarie 17 - 19
Substan ce o f the two Notes delivered b y the French Charge

d' Affaires to the Turki sh Govemment on the 1 t and 1 9 th o f January
h
1 809.
That the Language I had held at the Conferences with respect to
the tenns of Peace betwen Russia and Turkey agreed exactly with what I
had learnt of the View of the Court of Vienna; and that I had authorized
the Porte to negotiate at Yassy - to give Russia to understand that I was
fumished with Powers sufficient either to assist in forwarding that
Pacification, or to enable the Porte to push on the War with vigour.
That I have even entered into Engagements which, although not
amounting to a Guarantee of the Ottoman States, was yet sufficient to
bind the good Faith of the British Govemment - to endeavour to procure
a Peace for the Turke grounded on the Restoration o f the Provinces.
That to say the trnth, I was not authorised to admit the Clause of
Guarantee without compromising Russia in it. But as it was clear that in
naming Russia, my Govemment intended a Power of the first Order
which adjoined the Territory o f the Porte, I would take upon m yself to
substitute Austria for Russi a in case of necessity.
That I left it to his knowledge of Bonaparte's Views to determine
•
upon the uti lity of a Triple Alliance under the present circumstances. That
the mysterous connection of Russi a with France, and the inexplicable
system of Conduct pursued by Her, together with Her possible designs
against Austria, might render a Defensive Alliance between Great Britain,
Austria, the Porte and Sweden, very desirable.
That at all events this overture might be made useof at St.
Petersburgh to make Russia speak out.
[Pe verso] : Inclosure referred to in
Mr. Adair' s Dispatch
of Feb<rnary> l Oth 1 809 .
Public Record Office, Forei gn Office, Turkey, dos. 78/6 3, f. 1 1 1 - 1 1 2;

copie în I . engleză.
1 54
95
1 809 februarie 1 O, Londra
G. Canning către R. Adair arătându-şi satisfacţia pentru

încheierea cu succes a tratativelor de pace cu Imperiul Otoman. În acest
caz nu are nimic de adăugat instrucţii/or precedente. Amănunte despre
situaţia din Spania, evacuată de forţele britanice.
Draft Foreign Office

February I O 1 809
Sir,
Your Dispatch no. I of the l 8 1h November last, containing the

details o f Y our Conferences with the Pacha of the Dardanelles has been
received and laid before the K.ing.
Accounts of a later date have since arrived through in direct
Channels, which afford a reasonable Expectation that you have been
successful in your Negociation, and that you have concluded a definitive
arrangement with the Ottoman Govemement. In that Event, I have
nothing to add to the instructions which you have forrnerly received, and
your procedings for the present must be left to your own discretion,
according to the Circumstances in which you may be placed.
No intelligence has been received here from Spain since the
evacuation o f that Country by the British Forces, the actions which took
place in the Vicinity of Corunna� the details of which Events are
contained in the inclosed Gazette Extraordinary.
I am &
(signed) George Canning
[Adresa:] Mr. Adair
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/6 3, f. I - 2, copie

în 1. engleză.
155
96
1 809, fehnwrie 1 3
F. Summcrers câtre George Hammond, sub-secretar de Stat

pentru Afacerile Externe, remiţându-i conturile amăn unţite ale
cheltuielilor sale făcute in timp ul exercitării funcţiei de consul al Marii
Britanii în Princ �jwte şi ale peregrinărilor sale pe la Viena, în insula
Malta şi pâ nă la Londra între 1803 - 1 809 ridicându-se la un total de 9
550 lire sterline, J şiling şi 2 penny. Deconturile prezentate includ şi
sumele utilizate În contul serviciului secret în folosul ambasadelor
engleze de la Co11sta11ti11opol şi Viena, conform anexelor G, H, I şi K,
precum şi cheltuielile efectuate pentru întreţinerea reşedinţei consulare
din Bucureşti.
Londres le 1 3 Fevrier 1 809
Monsieur,
Dans l ' incertitude dans laquelle j e me trouve se j e pourrais avoir

l 'honneur de Vous remettre en personne les extraits des Comptes qui vous
avez bren voulu me demander, je m' empresse de Vous transmettre,
Monsieur, cy-incl us la Clef de la boîte qui accompagne celle cy qui
contient toutes mes depenses specifiees et mises en ordre comme Vous
l'avez desire. Ces pieces sont distinguees par les lettres j usqu ' a N.
Inclusive. La lettre N est le resume de mes reclamations qui pourra servir
de tableau general etre mis sous Ies yeux de Sa Maj este.
En examinant toutes ces pieces l ' on n' aura pas de la peine a voir
par leur titres la nature et la necessite de ces depenses, gui n 'ont jamais eu
rien de commun avec des transactions commerciales vu que la ( ! ) poste
que j ' ai eu en Turquie devint par Ies circonstances du j our une place
appartenante plus tot a la politique qu'aux simples fonctions d ' un Consul
commercial.
Fondant tout mon espoir, Monsieur, dans Ies sentiments d' equite
qui ous caracterisent, j e prends la liberte de vous recommander cette
affaire, dont l ' issue depend du degre d' interet et protection dont Vous
l 'honnorisez ( ! )
Penetre, Monsieur de toute la reconnaissance que j e Vous dois, j e
Vous prie de vouloir bien agreer en attendant l ' hommage de mon profond
respect.
1 56
Monsieur, Votre tres obeissant & tres humble serviteur,
Fr. Summerers
<Adresa:> To George Hammond Esq<ui>r<e>
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/66, f. 1 - 2 v0 ; orig.

în 1. franceză.
ANEXE
G Service Secret
Depenses occasiones pour des intrigues en tout genre contre Ies

Frarn;:ais soit en des courses faites par Mr. Summerers en personne chez
Ies Pachas des Allentours et dans l'interieur des provinces ou il residait
soit par des Agents subaltemes employes pour contrecarer Ies operations
des emissaires franc;aises (!) pour des expeditions en Rumelie et dans la
Bessarabie comme il est specifie minutieusement dans ses livres.
Specification des Comptes presentes au Gouvernement

de Sa Majeste par Francis Summerers la lettre G
f s d
1 803 Pour deux expres (!) expedies aux bords ou

Danube pour epier Ies intrigues de certains
May 2
Franc;ais passees incongnito avec des ordres
secrets pour Ies pachas et pour connaître le
foyer de leurs adherens et agents secrets,
dont Mr. Summerers en a fait mention par la
depeche No <loc alb> a I' Ambassade de
S<a> M<ajeste> a Constantinople
14 6 8
Aout Pour depenses extraordinaires d' apres mon

4 raooort ou <loc. alb> fait a Mr Drummond
1 57
occasiones ( ! ) par mon premier voyage fait
en Moldavie et en Bessarabie pour
reconnaître officiellement et faire lire
publiquement ma Commission de Consul
accorde par feu Sultan Selim III, pour des
presents d'usage aux employes des Princes
et des Pachas pour des expeditions aux
allentours de ces provinces a
Transport de la Somme cy-dessus f14 6 8
reconnaître tout en allant qu' en venant le fi1
du travail secret des Russes et Frarn;; a is vers
Ies emborechures du Danube et âter leurs
intrigues en Georgie. Les presents d'usage
dans des pareilles occasions out ete de tout
temps payes par Ies Gouvemements
respectifs qui nomment Ies Consuls en
Turquie et c'est d'apres la liste que Mr.
Summerers a re9u des Consuls de Russie et
d'Autriche qu'il a paye Ies avayeats ( ! ) ou
emoluments des employes avec audiences,
& &.
Un compte minutieux et tres long de ces
depenses doit se trouver entre Ies papiers de
Mr Summerers, s'il le faut il est pret a le
produire
3 14 16 10
Septembre Pour mon voyage fit a Rusciouk aupres de
20 Son Altesse le Gouvemeur Ismail Aga
Tersenikloglou, fraix pour de trois j ours, & &
14 8 o
------
Transport de la somme cy dessus f343 1 1 6
1 803 Fraix pour des chevaux de poste aller et
Septembre revenir a Rusciouk, gardes & & 7 5 o
20 Mr Summerers a ete appele par ce

Gouvemeur pour conferer sur la nouvelle
nomination du Pacha de la Rumelie ( ! ) qui
oassait nour etre oartisan Francais et sur
158
d' autres objects d' intrigues
Novembre Pour homme confidentiel expedie aux bords
17 <du>Danube pour connaître et suivre Ies
traces d'un espion frarn;:ais expedie la nuit
par le Commissaire des relations
commerciales de la France deguise en
vendeur de citron en costume juif et qui
s'est trouve etre un officer de Genie ecpedie
( ! ) pour lever les plans de certaines
fortresses ( ! ) 8 o o
Pour donner aujourd'hui a l'homme du
Nazir I Gouvemeur militaire I d'Ibrăila que
ce Pacha m'a expedie avec des
Transport de la somme cy-dessus f 358 16 6

Les communications au sujet du rebelle
Paswantoglou une montre d'argent 9 6 8
Novembre Pour un homme en habit de Dielhy,
20 expedies sous moin a Widin ( ! ), en
consequence des communications re9u ( ! ) le
1 7 du Pacha de Ibrăila pour connaître Ies
mouvements du rebelle Paswandoglou au
suj et de la Wallachie et le passage d'un
courier fran9ais 10 o o
<Nov> 26 Pour autant depense ă. faire arreter et

renvoyer de sa place Yanaky, un nomme qui
se trouvait a Crayova ( !), capitale de la
Petite Wallachie et qui recevoit sous main la
correspondance secrette de l' Agent Fran9ais
et qui fasait passer au rebelle Paswandoglou
de Widin 8 9 8
1 804 Pour fraix occasionnes avant mon depart de
Janvier 8 Boucharest ( ! ) pour aller
Transport de la somme cy-dessus 386 1 2 1 0
a la rencontre de l 'Ambassadeur de S<a>
M<aieste> aui venait de Constantinoole et
1 59
qui a ete re9u par Mr Summerers aux bords
du Danube 8 16 o
Mars 4 Pour un homme affide nomme Dobrougely
Arif Aga expedie au pres du pacha de
Sophia et de I' Ayan de Philipopolis pour
leur ( ! ) inforrner que deux Juifs etoient en
correspondance avec des Fran9ais et pour se
saisir de leurs personnes 15 6 8
Mars 7 Pour un j anissaire expedie aupres de Son
Altesse Gouvemeur de Rusciouk avec la
traduction des gazettes anglaises et des
Bulletins pour dejouer Ies intrigues de la
France, qui de son câte travaillait sans cesse
a semer des rapports contre Ies interets de
I' Angleterre 8 o o
Mars 1 O Pour un j anissaire expedie aupres de S<on>
A<ltesse> Y ousouf Pacha de
Transport de la somme cy-dessus f32 2 8
Silistrie pour le meme suj et et pour lui
parler des intrigues du rebelle Yilikoglou 8 o o
Mars 1 1 Pour un j anissaire expres envoye chez
S<on> A<ltesse> Hassan Pacha de Belgrade
pour l 'inforrner par mes lettres de la
maniere que Ies Fran9ais fassoient ( ! )
passer des subsides au Pacha rebelle de
Widinn ( ! ) par Belgrade meme et des
moyens a connaître le fil de ces intrigues 12 13 4
Mars 1 5 Pour un expres envoye aupres du Pacha
d' Ibraila pour me faire connaître Ies
intrigues des Russes du câte de son pachalik 12 o o
Mars 1 9 Un tartar expedie a I ' Aga de Nicopolis et au
Cady de Koulle pour faciliter le passage des
courriers confidentiels de I' Ambassade et
pour Ies inforrner a se tenir en garde contre
Ies intrigues des Fran9ais 8 o o
Decembre Pour un homme ecoedie ( ! ) en secret chez le 72 1 6 o
1 60
15 Gouvemeur de Rousciouk pour le
Transport de la somme cy-dessus f 386 1 2 1 o
prevenir qu'il etait arrive de Paris un Grec
nomme Naso qui avoit ete depute pour
quelques isles de I' Archipel & ou Ies
intrigues des Commissaires Franc;aises ( ! )
avaient prevalu
Transport de la somme cy-dessus f 72 1 6 O
pour se rendre aupres de Bonaparte et
demander leur delivrance du joug Ottoman
sujet qui m'etant bien connue ( ! ) ii en
emportait a reccomander (!) a l' attention de
ce Pacha pour que lorsque ce Naso arrivât a
Rusciouk pour passer en Romelie soit arrete
ou au moins surveille. 12 o o
Les princes de la Wallachie faibles et
chancelants n' aussoient pas le ·faire arreter
sur le territoire Wallaque 8 4 16
1 805 Avril Pour des lettres expedies par estafette a
10 Vienna ainsi que des lettres pour Berlin
pour tâcher a ne pas viser Ies passeports
d 'un nomme Etienne Barbier, qui etant
espion de la
Transport de la somme cy-dessus f47 1 8 10
France avoit şu ( ! ) s'insinuer dans Ies
bonnes grâces de l'Hospodar lpsilanthy qui
le charges des ( ! ) certaines depeches que ce
Prince avoit re9u de la Porte pour le Charge
d'affaires de la Porte a Londres. Mr
Summerers a tant fait qu'il a oblige ce
Prince d' envoyer un courrier expres a Berlin
pour rejoindre Barbier, lui prendre ces
depeches et Ies apporter a Londres ce qui fut
fait par un certain Stephano, encien valet de
Chambre de Sir Sidney Smith qui faisoit le
metier de courrier chez le Prince de la
161
Wallachie 25 o o
May 4 Pour un messager confidentiel expedie
jusqu 'a Hermanstad pour suivre Ies traces
du courrier Frarn;:ais que Mr de S 1e Luce,
Commissaire de France a Boucharest 25 o o
Transport de la somme cy-dessus f 47 1 8 1 0
avoit expedie avec des depeches rec;:ues de
l ' intriguant Jaubert, qui se trouvait allors a
Constantinople avec un mission secrette ( ! )
de Bonaparte 8 6 8
J uin 11 Pour expedier a la frontiere de la
Transylvanie un Albanois deguise, qui etant
I ' ami des gardes qui escortaient I ' interprete
de France Franchiny ( ! ), chez des intrigants,
allant a Paris avec des depeches secrettes
/avoit ordre de tâcher s ' il etoit possible a lui
faire enlever ses papier ( ! ) 8 6 8
Octobre 1 1 Pour un homme expedie sous mam au
Danube attendre l ' arrivee du Secretaire de
France Parandier (qui s' est distingue par ses
intrigues en Prusse), qui devait arriver a
Constantinople deguise en simple coumer
et pour l ' avoir 41 13 4
Transport de la somme cy-dessus f 47 1 8 1O
fait rettarder par des intrigues a chaque
poste par le manque des chevaux, etc etc.
Pour laisser le temps necessaire d' etre
precede par un courrier Anglalis adresse a l a
Legation d e S<a> M<aj este> a Vierme 12 13 4
Octobre 1 5 Pour un homme expedie a la frontiere a l a

suite d'un valet d e chambre Fram;:ais
expedie pour rejoindre Parendier avec des
depeches et qui a sait ( ! ) y prendre si bien,
si bien ( ! ) qu' i l rettarda ( ! ) de deux jours
l' arrivee de ce messa!ler Francais lui avant
1 62
fait enlever par Ies postillons Wallaques Ies
visses de sa voiture qui <les>chercha en
vain sur Ies montagnes des Carpaks 8 6 8
62 1 3 4
Le Transport de la somme cy-dessus f 534 2 2
1 806 Juillet Pour un homme confidentiel envoye en
16 Servie pour prendre des informations sur le
lieu sur l'arrivee et Ies intrigues de certains
officiers Frarn;:aises ( ! ) deguises en habit
national et expedies par I' armee Frarn;:aise
de la Dalmatie et d'un aide <de> Camp
expedie de Raguse par le G<eneral>
Franc;:ais Lauriston 17 13 4
Juillet 20 Pour un j anissaire expedie a Crayova pour
avoir des nouvelles de l'arrivee au juste du
General Sebastiany de Paris et pour a
envoyer des lettres a son mikmandar
Wallaque qm ettant (!) de mes Amis,
m'avoit promis a me faire savoir tout ce qui
( ! ) pourroit apprendre sur Ies menees de
cette Ambassade Franc;: ai se pour
Constantinople 10 13 4
Juillet 24 Pour un janissaire de ce Consulat expedie a
Doubassar, frontiere de la Russie pour avoir
un etat secret des troupes Russes, le
janissaire en question ayant heureusenant
Transport de la somme cy-dessus 28 6 8
f534 2 2
un de ses freres au service de la Russie dans
la ville sus mentionee, ii etoit a meme de
connaître l' etat des militaires etc. etc. Ce
qui m'importait de connaître pour en faire
de suite mes rapports a la Legation de
Vienne et a I' Ambassade de Constantinople 8 13 4
Aoiit 1 2 Pour un messager confidentiel envoye
auores de S<on> A<ltesse> le Roumelv
1 63
Walissy a son quartier General a Nigra avec
des communications et des lettres pour Son
Kichaya-Bey, de mes amis pour me faire
connaître l 'etat des choses la bas 21 6 8
Aout 1 3 Un tartar expedie a Shistov pour attendre le
retour de Paris qui devoit avoir lieu sous
peu d 'un certain Grec nomme Spalidha qui
avoit ete expedie par Aly Pacha de Yanina
avec des communications secretts a ·
Talleyrand ainsi que la copie de la lettre que

ce meme j our 58 6 8
(Transport de la somme cy-dessus) f 534 2 2
Aly Pacha <avoit> adresse par Mr Morier,
la frere du Consul de la Moree, a Mr Fox
pour le complimenter sur sa nomination
comme Secretaire d' Etat. Mr. Summerers
connoit tout le fil de cette intrigue qui a
temps fllt rapportee a Constantinople et
V ienne. Le tartar expedie a Shistov avoit
l 'ordre de connaître au j uste la route que cet
emissaire devait prendre pour se rendre a
Janina. 12 13 4
Octobre 8 Paye a Sava et Ghiour6, esclavons de la
garde au servicee de la Wallachie, pour se
rendre deguises a Shumla et attendre
l ' arrivee du Maître d 'Hotel de Sebastiany
qui alloit etre expedie a Paris avec des
depeches et tacher a Ies lui enlever s ' i l y
avait moyen 23 6 8
(Transport de la somme cy-dessus) 94 6 8
f 534 2 2
1 806 Pour un janissaire en costume Wallaque
Octobre 1 3 envoye a Rothenturm pour connaître au
j uste l ' arivee et la route d'un certain
Delumon expedie par Talleyrand avec des
depeches et des presents etc. etc. pour
Constantinoole et etre a meme de faire
1 64
connaître son passage aux Gouvemeurs de
Rusciouk et Silistria 7 13 4
Octobre 2 1 Pour paye a un calarach expedie a Crayowa
et Calafat pour devancer l' intriguant
Franc;:ais Dupont qui de cusinier parvint a
etre un de chefs em1ssaires des
Commissariats de France et pour remettre
des lettres au Molla Chiekaya du rebelle du
Widinn ( ! ) par lesquelles je le conjurois
etant de mes amis a 11e pas devenir la <lupe
des Franc;:ais etc. etc. 1 1 13 4
Octobre 25 Payer a mon janissaire Mihal expedie sur la
grande route 1 13 13 4
(Transport de la somme cy-dessus) 534 2 2
de Constantinople pour preceder un Officier
Franc;:ais accompagne de Paris par deux
tartars de l 'Ambassade Turque, porteur des
depeches et de presents. Ce janissaire avoit
de mes lettres pour les agents de Vama,
Bazardgik et Rosgrad pour tâcher a mettre
des entraves au passage de ce Franc;:ais qui
quoique accompagne des tartars de la Porte
il n' est arrive a Constantinople que le 1 4me
jour de Bucharest 14 13 4
1 28 6
f 66 2 8
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/66 , f. 3 - 1 3 v0 ;

1 65
Speciflcation des Comptes presentes au Gouvernement
de Sa Majeste par Francis Summerers sous la lettre H
s d
1 803 Pour un fusil a deux Coups, monte en
Janvier 1 8 Argent presente au Beyzade fils de
l ' Hospodar de la Wallachie pour des
certaines communications qu' il me
faisoit avoir sur la marche des Affaires,
et pour me donner sous mam des
Nouvelles re9ues par des Calarachs de
C<onstantino>ple et qui etoient de suite
rapporte ( ! ) au Ministre du Roi a 1 411 0 11 o
Vienne.
Janvier 22 Pour 5 Aunes de drap comme de
Coutume donne au Divan Effendisy de
l 'Hospodar f 1 : O : 8 l'aune 5 11 3 11 4
Janvier 28 Pour deux Lunettes d' approche l 'une
1 20 Pias<tres> et l' autre de 90
Pias<tres> envoyes en present comme
de coutume au Topoustzy de Gallatz et
l 'autre au Procalabe ( ! ) Noble Moldave
qui en est le Gouvemeur Civil 1 411 O" o
Transport de la Somme cy-dessus f33 1 1 3 11 4
11 11 li li
cy contre "
1 803 Au Vei capitan prepose sur les Postes
Fevrier 4 aux chevaux pour expedier sans rettard
( ! ) le Messager de l'Ambassade, et leur
tenir toujours pret ( ! ) des chevaux de 2 11 1 3 11 4
rellais
Fevrier 1 4 Bonne main comme de coutume dans
ces Provinces paye au Vataff de la
Hatmanie pour la peine qu' i l a de se
lever souvent au milieu de la nuit pour
signer l' ordre des Billets des Postes aux
Chevaux, et pour faciliter les
expeditions confidentielles 2 11 011 o
1 66
Avril 1 1 Pour une Lunette d' aproche que S<on>
A<ltesse> Yousouff Pacha de Silistrie
me demande; j e crois que sa depeche au
suj et existe encore. Depense largement
recompensee par l ' amitie et la
consideration de ce Pacha pour moi 1 8 11 1 3 11 4
Avril 1 7 Pour un j anissaire expedie a Yassy et
pour de la passer a Ibraila 1 2 11 011 o
Transport de la Somme cy-dessus 6 8 11 1 0 11 o
11 11 cy contre li li li
1 803 Juin Pour un Tartar expedie a Nicopolis chez

16 S<on> E<xcellence> Tcheleby Aga
pour me plaindre du rettard ( ! ) cause a
un des J anissaires de ce Consulat allant
a C<onstantino>ple et qui ayant egare
son passeport Turc ( ! ) ne le laissa
passer, sans quelque delay 1 2" O" o
Juin 1 8 Pour un Courier ( ! ) expedie a Orsowa
pour connaître I ' Etat des Chemins pour
Vienne, pour savoir di1iger le Messager
d'Etat et pour connaître au juste l ' Etat
du Cordon Militaire 1 4 11 O" o
Juillet 27 Pour une personne deguisee fait ( ! )
entrer ( ! ) en Transylvanie pour
connaître l ' objet d'une Expedition
misterieuse ( ! ) du Commissaire de
France faite aupres du Commandant
General Autrichien le Comte Mitrowsky 9 11 2" o
Decernbre Pour un Janissaire expedie au Prince
13 Mourousy avec des communications
Transport de la Somme cy-dessus 1 03 12 o
et quelques Nouvelles interressantes ( ! ) 8 11 0 11 o

&&
1 803 Pour un Messager addresse au Consulat
Decernbre General de Russie en Moldavie pour lui
30 devoiler des certaines Intrigues des
Agents Franc;ais pour faire arreter un
Feld Y egher qui etoit entendre ( ! ) de
rettour ( ! ) de C<onstantino>ple pour -------
1 67
Petersbourg avec des Depec hes de
l ' Envoye de Russie Tomarra ( ! ) 9" O" O
f l 20 12 o
1 805 Frais et depenses faits par des gens
Septembre employes a surveiller de pres la
30 conduite du Commissaire de France S
te Luce et a connaître au juste ses
intrigues et ses communications
noctumes avec Ies Chefs du Divan de la
Wallachie 1 5 11 1 2 11 o
Novembre Pour une Estafette expediee a Vierme
24 pour tâcher d' intercepter la 1 5" 1 2" o
Correspondance du Ministre de la
Police Fouche
Transport de la Somme cy-dessus f 1 20 12 o
11 11 li li
cy contre "
avec Mr.de Belleval Secretaire du
Prince de la W allachie connu a Londres
sous le Nom du Comte Luce de Gaspari
gui epousa la fille du Baron de J acobi
Ministre de Prusse a Londres 1 5 11 13" 4
Novembre Pour paye ( ! ) a diverses personnes
27 employes a connaître la conduite du
capitaine Marguard soup9onne espion
de la France gui passoit en Wallachie
pour etre au Service de la Cour de
Berlin charge d 'une Speculation en
Laines 1 0 11 O" O
f 4 1 .50
1 806 Pour un J anissaire expedie a Gallatz
Avril 1 7 pour expier ( ! ) <expedier> sous main
par les moyens des J uifs de ma
Conoissance la conduite et les Intrigues
de Mr. Martin, sous Commiss aire
Fran9ais gui faisoit le Diable en guatre
sur le compte du guel le Topoust chy de
Gallatz me pria d' avoir l 'ceil comme un 14 O O
personage ( ! ) tres dangereux
Transport de la Somme cy-dess us f161 1 7" O
Transport de la Somm e cy contre 1 4" O" O
1 68
1 806 Pour autant paye a un homme
Juin 1 2 confidentiel expedie auj ourd' hui a
I' Agent de l'Hospodar de la Wallachie
Resident aupres de S<on> A<ltesse>
Tersenikoglou a Rousciouk pour le
prevenir de l' immediate arrivee de Mr.
Le ( ! ) Blanche aide de Camp de
Sebastiany et de Mr. Mechain allant a
C<onstantino>ple avec des Depeches,
pour que Tersenikoglu soit a tems
de le faire surveiller pour ( ! ) Ies
meme<s> gardes qm devoient Ies
escorter a C<onstantino>ple 7 11 611 8
Juin 1 3 Ayant ete informe que Mr. La Blanche
etoit charge des certaines
communications a faire en passant aux
ayans et Pachas en Rumelie Mr.
S<ummerers> trouva indispensable de
Ies faire devancer par un de ces gens
affides, qui ayant pris le costume d 'un
simple marchand de Cotton ( ! ) voyagea
tout le tems avec eux et servit a
faire parvenir a Monsieur S<ummerers>
Ies 2 1 11 6 11 8
Transport de la Somme cy-dessus 161 17 4
" 11 cy contre li li li
details Ies plus exact ( ! ) de leurs

Missions, rapporter en tems et lieux
a la Mission de Sa Maj este a Vienne
ainsi qu'a C<onstantino>ple 1 5 11 0 11 O
Juin 24 Pour un Expres adresse a Mr. Matouche
Directeur de la Quarantaine a la
Frontiere de la Transilvanie, pour faire
escorter tous Ies Messagers de
I' Ambassade venant de Vienne au
moment du passage de I' Ambassadeur
Sebastiany ( ! ) pour C<onstantino>ple.
J ' ai ecris a cet Effet par tout pour
eventer ( ! ) Ies Menees de cette
Ambassade 1 0" 0 11 O
1 69
.l ui llct 9 Pour autant donne a Hassan Aga Tartar
de S<on A>ltesse> Aly pacha de
Yan ina pour des Communications faites
<a moi> sur le Grec Spalidha expedie
par ce Pacha en Mission extraordinaire
aupres de Bonaparte et d'avoir negocie
aux env1rons de Salonique pour 20
Sequins des lettres de change sur Aly
Pacha et 46 11 6 11 8
Transport de la Somme cy-dessus 1 6 1 11 1 7 11 4
Transport de la Somme cy contre 46 11 6 11 8
d'avoir depose cette somme en or chez
le Commissaire Franc;ais & & 6 11 1 3 11 4"
Juillet 22 Bonaparte ayant nomme son Ministre
des Relations Exten-ieurs ( ! ) Mr.
Reinhard pour etre son Resident
Plenipotentiaire aupres des Hospodars
de la Wallachie et Moldavie tout le
monde soupc;onna des Intrigues en cette
Nomination; infonne de toute part de la 9 11 6 11 8
,
reali te de cette assertion j ai ete oblige a
les connaître de pres et j ' ai paye
Juillet 30 Pour paye ( ! ) en diverses reprises aux
sieurs Manolaky Haritho et Jankovitz
pour des rapports Secrets sur la conduite
de Sebastiany ( ! ) pendant son sej our a
Boucharest, ses transactions
confidentielles avec Ies Principaux
Boyards (Nobles) du Pays & & & 1 6 11 O" o
78 " 6 11 8
Transport de la Somme cy-dessus 1 6 1 11 1 7 11 4
li li li li
cy contre "
1 806 Pour autant paye a un Janissaire expedie
Aofrt 27 a Rousciouk aupres de S<on>
A<ltesse> Tersenikoglou pour avoir
copies des communications qui ont eu
lieu par ecrit entre Sebastiany se
trouvant encore a Boucharest et le
Gouvemeur de Rousciouk
susmentionne qm n ' a pas voulu
1 70
repondre a la lettre de Sebastiany ( ! ) si
ce n ' est apres m'avoir permis de
prendre connaissance de sa lettre en
Brouillon ( ! ) et d'y ajouter ce que j e
cr01r01s utile a ses interets et aux
Circonstances du j our 1 0" 13" 4
Aout 3 1 Pour donne ( ! ) ce jourd'hui ( ! ) une
Montre d'or a Mr. le Vatoff ( ! ) (premi er
Comis> du D ivan de la Wallachie pour
me permettre de prendre en secret
Copies des notes et Communications
secrettes du Commissariat de France a
Boucharest presente au Divan de cette
Province 1 7" 6" 8
Transport de la Somme cy-dessus 1 06" 6" 8
161" 1 7" 4
Transport de la Somme cy contre 1 06" 6" 8
161" 1 7" 4
1 806 Pour autant paye aux divers employes
Sept de la Poste aux Chevaux pour faire
bre 6 rettarder ( ! ) le long du Chemin le
pasage d'un Messager Frarn;ais qm
ettant ( ! ) arrive de C<onstantino>ple a
Boucharest en meme tems qu ' un
Courier ( ! ) de l'Ambassade de Sa
Maj este Britannique, il etoit de mon
interet a faire devancer le Courier ( ! )
Anglois e t etre par l a tranquil ( ! ) qu' i l
n ' y avoit pas des intrigues contre la
surete de son passage 7" O" o
Sept. 6 Pour autant paye a deux Gens sous main
pour engager les J anissaires de France
d'aller boire au premier cabaret et par la
Ies ayant fait bien griser I' on a rettarde
I' expedition du Messager de France
susmentionne qui laissa tout le tems
au Courier ( ! ) Britannique de le
devancer de presque une nuit entiere 2" 6" 8
Septembre Pour autant donne au J anissaire Cara
10 Ismail pour avoir
171
Transport de la Somme cy-dessus 1 1 5" 13" 4
161 " 1 7' ' 4
Transport de la Somme cy contre 1 1 5" 13" 4
devance Ies Couriers ( ! ) Fran9ais et
pour avoi pris un chemin plus court
pour faire eviter au Messager d'Herin
au Service de Mr. Arbuthnot toute
emboiiche traîne ( ! ) par les F<ran>9ais
gui en vouloient au non plus ( ! ) aux
Communications de l 'Ambassade entre
Constantinople et Vienne 3" 6" 8
Sept Pour des gens employes sous main a
bre 1 2 connaître a plusieurs repnses les
Intrigues et Machinations des Employes
du Commissariat de France savoir leur
payes ( ! ) une fois 8 Sequins, une fois
plus 3 plus 1 O plus 5 en tout 26 ducats
d' Empire 1 5" 3" 6
Octobre 5 Les Boyards partisans de la France, les
gens sans pnnc1pes et tous les mal
intentionnes crainte de se compromettre
en allant de JOur au Commissariat
Fran9ais pour s1gner leur lettres a
Talleyrand et traîner
Transport de la Somme cy-dessus 1 34 " 3" 6
161" 1 7" 4
" " li li
cy contre "
leur soidisantes intrigues contre les
interets directs de la Russie et de la
Porte avoient pris le parti de tenir leur
conciliabules de nuit, ce qm rendoit
difficile a connaître le fil de leur
Correspondance et le juste nombre des
adheren<t>s de Bonaparte. Pour autant
paye a un Boyard de la Secon de Classe
pour se faindre partisan Fran9a is et
payer ses visites au Comi ssaire lorsqu e
tout y etoit assem ble 1 2" 011
o
1 72
Oct<o>bre La France ayant depose le Prince
9 Ypsilanthy Hospodar de la Wallachie,
nomme par l'influence de la Cour de St.
Petersbourg, Sebastiany ( ! ) fit nommer
a sa place d'Hospodar Soutzo. S<on>
E<xcellence> Mr. Arbuthnot me donna
en tems et lieux toutes Ies
instructions pour savoir me conduire et
surveiller leur intrigues pour ( ! ) des
gens employes aupres des Keymekans
(Lieutenants> de Soutzo Ies Sieurs
Handgerlys
Transport de la Somme cy-dessus 1 46 3 6
161 17 4
" " cy contre " " li
pour connaître le fil de leur intrigues 8" O" o

Oct<o>bre Pour autant payes ( ! ) secretement aux
10 Comis Turcs du Divan de la Wallachie
pour me donner Copies des lettres et
communications que Ies lieutenants du
Prince Soutzo avoient fait aux Pachas
revoltes entre autres a Paswandoglou
Gouverneur de Widinn: Puis expedie de
suite a l'ambassadeur a
C<onstantino>ple 1 0" O" o
Oct<o>bre Pour autant paye au Vel capitan de la
10 Poste aux chevaux pour m'informer au
juste de l' arrivee et du depart des
employes et Emissaires secrets du
Prince Soutzo et de ceux que le
Commissariat de France expedetoit (!) a
tout moment 6" 13" 4
Transport de la Somme cy-dessus 1 70 16 10
" " cy contre " " "
1 806 Pour autant paye pour Ies depenses
Nov arrieres faits (!) par Mr. Vincent maître
bre 1 1 de langue Italien qm me servoit
d' espion aupres de St. Luce Consul de
France et de son successeur Parent et Le
Doulx 1 2" O" o
1 73
1 806 Pour paye a divers Wallaques et
Nov Molda ives ( ! ) envoyes aux environs ou
bre 1 1 l ' on m'avo it assures ( ! ) y etre quelqu e
Espion Frarn;ais deguise en habit
Bulgare : en consequence de cette
Demarche, j ' ai trouve et fait prendre de
nuit deux de ces coupable s et sous
d' autres pretexts j ' ai insiste de les
savoir exiles. Pay<e>s en consequen ce
aux gens susdits savoir P<iastres> 70 -
a Nicolas Demerge P<iastres> 42 a

Yanaky Ostroveny 1 1 2 et Michaly
Penlivan 1 4" 1 8" 8
<1 806 Pour une personne affide expedie en
Nov Moldavie pour prendre tous les
bre 20> renseignements possibles sur la
conduite de la Noblesse Moldaive ( ! ) et
sur Ies Suites ( ! ) malheureuses des
Transport de la Somme cy-dessus 1 97 " 15" 6
" " cy contre 161" 7" 4
Intrigues ( ! ) des Fran9ais avec la familie
Balscha et Ghika, details necessaires a
l ' Ambassade de S<a> M<aj este> a
Constantinople. Cette personne
confidentielle a eu ordre de se rendre de
Yassi dans la Boucovine pour connaître
Ies mouvements du Cordon Autrichien 3 6" O" o
Nov Pour une tabattiere en or emaillee
bre 23 presentee au Divan Effendisy de la
Porte resident a Boucharest pour m e
foumir sous mams ( ! ) Cop ies des
Depeches du Commissaire de France a
Yassy adressee ( ! ) a Paswandoglou
Rebelle de Widinn et autres Rebelles de
la Rumelie. Ces Copies ont ete de suite
expedies a S<on> E<xcellence> Mr.
Arbuthnot a C<onstantino>ple et ont ete
li
de quelque utilite pour le Service Public 21" 13 4
1 74
Transport de la Somme cy-dessus 255 8 8
1 61 17 4
li li li li li
cy contre
1 806 Pour autant paye a gagner un employe a
Nov I' Agence Autrichienne pour connaître
bre 3 0 au sur Ies Intrigues de I' Agent
Autrichien avec Ies Commissaires de
France quant a la pelustration (!) des
lettres du public qui envoient (!) par la
Poste de Vienne et dont tous Ies details
etoient communiquees aux Agents
Fran9ais 1 0 11 0 1111 o
Dec Pour autant paye a Abdy Effendy pour
bre 7 faire echouer Ies propositions que le
sous Commissaire et Chancellier de
France Le Doulx faisoit aux Rebelles de
la Rumelie, expedition que j 'ai eu en
original, ' et qm etoit de toute
consequence a connaître Pias<tres> 200
plus paye<s> au Boyard Wassily
Pandazoglow, que je faisois passer chez
le Commissaire de France pour av01r
des Nouvelles qu'il
Transport de la Somme cy-dessus 265 11 8 11 8
1 6 1 11 1 7 11 4
li li
cy contre 265 11 8 11 28
1 6 1 11 1 7 11 4
savoit adroitement apprendre faignant
d'etre du parti Fran9ais. Toutes ces
Nouvelles ont ete en tems et lieux 46 11 1 3 11 4
transmises a C<onstantino>ple et
Vienne
3 1 2 11 2 11 o
f473 1 9 11 4
Fr<ancis> Summerers
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/66, f. 1 4 - 24 v0 ,

1 75
Specification des Comptes presentes au Gouvernement
de Sa Majeste par Francis Summerers sous la lettre I
f s d
Transport de la Somme c y contre 6 7 11 1" o
208 " O" o
Transport de la Somme cy-dessus 1 4 11 O" o
1 806 Aout 30 Pour autant donne au Tartar ( ! ) Aly Aga
expedie par Ies Boyards Nobles de la
Wallachie avec leur requete (Arzy
Mazhzar) au Sultan pour s'etre charge a
leur insue d 'une Depeche Secrete a 3 11 6" 8
l 'Ambassade gui lui portoit �opie de
tout ce que s'Etoit passe par Ecrit - au
Divan
Sept<emb>re L'Hospodar de la Wallachie Prince
1 Ypsilanthy s' ettant ( ! ) retire a Cronstad
en Transilvanie de peur d'avoir la tete
tranchee il m' avoit charge de lui faire
passer Ies Depeches confidentielles que
je pouvois recevoir pour lui, a cet effet
j e lui ai
Transport de la Somme cy dessus 87'' 7 11 8
208 " O" o

li li
cy contre 84 " 7" 8
Sept<emb>re adresse ce j ourd'hui ( ! ) un Messager
3 avec des Paquets re9us de 7 11 1 8" o
Constantinople
Sept<emb>re Pour autant paye au Janissaire
8 Kiouciouk Osman expedie chez S<on>
A <ltesse> Moustapha Bairakdar avec
des Communications confidentielles
pour le mettre a meme et ne pas preter
fois aux propositions captieuses des
caimekans du Prince Soutzo qui etoient
tous sous l ' influence de la France 6" 0 11 o
Sept<emb>re Pour donner a l' Archi Di acre ( ! )
10 Christoskuleo (!) Secretaire de
l 'Archeveque Metropolite de la
1 76
Wallachie pour m'informer en tems
et lieux des Communications Secrettes
que les Consuls de Russie et de France
faisoient a sa Saintete l 'Archeveque
contre les Interets de la Porte, en sa
qualite de President du Divan de cette
Province dans l'absence d'un Prince
Sequins 20 # 1 1" 1 3" 4
Septembre 1 O Le G<enera>l Michelson
Command<an>t en Chef de l 'Armee
Russe en Pologne ayant fait quelques
mouvements
Transport de la Somme cy dessus f 1 09 1 9" o
208 " O" o
" " cy contre 1 09 " 1 9" o
par ordre de Sa Cour aux Frontiers { ! )
qm anno<n>c;oient quelques proj ets
hostiles contre la Porte j ' ai expedie de
Suite ( ! ) un homme affide sur le lieux
pour prendre Ies informations
necessaires et en informer I' Ambassade
de Constantinople et Vienne 1 6" 1 3" 4
Sept<emb>re Donne (d'apres une enc1enne ( ! )
11 coutume etablie mutuellement dans ces
provinces) aux Gens du Consulat de
Russie le jour de la fete de l 'Empereur
Alexandre 3" 6" 8
Oct. 3 Pour autant paye a deux gens expedie
(!) vers la Poste de Caloughereny qui
ont destruit Ies Depeches expedies par
Ies Caimekans du Prince Soutzo par un
vieux Calarach allant a Constantinople 1 6" 1 3" 4
Oct. 24 Paye a un Agent confidentiel nomme
Palamidha expedie sur Ies Frontieres de
la Russie pour v01r Ies preparatifs
Militaires (!) qui se faisoient vers le
Dneister 23 " 6" 8
Oct. 26 Paye au Peschiedgy un des Pages
Transport de la Somme cy [des sus] 1 69 " 1 9" o
208 " O" o
1 77
11 11 cy contre 1 69 " 1 9 11 o
favoris de l 'Aga Hassan Pacha
Commandant la Fortresse de Bender
arrive chez moi avec des details d'avoir
decouvert et fait arreter des Gens
Suspects dont je lui en avois donne le
Signalement (!) dettails (!) interessants
que j ' ai fait passer ce j our meme pour
Vienne 20 11 O" o
Nov<emb>re Les Rapports que l ' on recevoit de toute
5 part des intentions de la Russie
d'envahir la Wallachie et la Moldavie,
sans attendre prealablement une
declaration de Guerre formelle prenant
quelque Consistance, j ' ai ete oblige
d' expedier 1 Messager Mountian vers
Mohilow pour avoir Ies renseignements
exacts car je devois metre ( ! ) sous les
Yeux de l' Ambassade a Constantinople
ce point indispensable pour Ies
Operations ( ! ) de Mr. Arbuthnot - Aller
et revenir et son sejour a Mohilow
2 1 11 6 11 8
Nov<emb>re Pour autant paye a Cara Ismail
17 J anissaire pour sa Course avec Ies
Depeches de la plus haute importance
Transport de la Somme cy dessus f2 l l 5 11 8
li li li li li
------
cy contre
pour Constantinople faisant connaître a
Son Excellence l 'Ambassadeur tout ce
qui se passoit dans Ies Pays de ma
Jurisdiction 20 " O" o
Dec<emb>re Pour le Messager Fogorassy expeeie
12 avec des Depeches a Caminiek
Podolska chez le Prince Ypsilanthy qui
s' etoit retire de Cronstat avec Ordre de
s'en retoumer par la Transilvanie ( ! )
pour observer l ' Etat du Cordon
Militaire a la Frontiere · 26 " 1 3" 4
Paye ce meme j our a deux expres qui
1 78
m ' ont ete expedies en consequence de
sordres que j ' avoir donne prealablement
par Ies maîtres des Postes de
Caloughereny et Dayha pour
m ' informer pour sur qu'un Corps de
cavalierie ( ! ) Turque d' environ deux
milles hommes se preparoient a travers
le Danube et que pour vue Boucharest
seroit occupe par Ies Turcs avant le
coucher du Soleil de ce meme j our 611 13 4
Transport de la Somme cy dessus 264 1 1 1 2 11 4
1 806 Le Chevalier de Chirico Consul de

Dec<emb>re Russie en Wallachie a ete arrete cette
12 meme soiree en plain ( ! ) Divan par Ies
Turcs pour etre conduit en hotage ( ! )
chez S<on> A<ltesse> Moustapha
Bairakdar, Mr. Chirico risquant d' etre
assassine et m1s en pieeces par la
furreur ( ! ) des Troupes indisciplinees de
la Porte, j 'ai tâche (temoin le Public de
Boucharest) a rallentir le courroux de
leur chef en lui offrant de lui payer
p<iastres> 500 s'il sauvait la vie au
Consul de Russie, il consentit et j 'ai ete
oblige de ·s igner au Divan meme un
Billet de p<iastres> 500 a I ' ordre de
Mahmoud Aga chef de la Troupe, Billet
qui a ete acquite par Mr. Castimin ( ! )
pour mon compte <;> l e marechal
Michelson m'a remecie au nom de
l 'Empereur de Russie pour avoir sauve
son Consul. 3 3 11 611 8
Transport de la Somme cy dessus 297 11 1 911 o
11 11 li li li
cy contre
1 806 Ce meme jour Ies Gardes d' Aydin Paha
Dec<emb>re et celles du Bin Bachy Mahmed
13 Tirhoyn ( ! ) ayant dans un moment
d'emeute voulu assallir et piller le
Consulat Britannique sous pretexte que
1 79
j ' avois chez m01 des Papiers
appartenant au Consul de Russie Je
n'etois pas dans ce moment au logis,
mon homme d'affaire ( ! ) negocia
prudemment avec les Chefs des Muttins
qui se contenerent de recevoir la somme
de p<iastres> 300 et quelques Okes de
caffe et Tabac a fumer. Les Pachas
commandant l 'Armee Ottomane ayant
appris ce qui etoit arrive chez moi me
firent proposer de suite si j e voulois
avoir les tetes des mutins qu ' ils me Ies
enveroient; plus d 'une raison me firent
rej etter cette proposition barbare 20 " O" o
Transport de la Somme cy dessus 3 1 7" 1 9" o
" " cy contre " " "
Dec<emb>re Les Mutins sous Ies ordres de Mahmed
12 Tirhaya continuant d'insulter le
Consulat britannique ainsi que Ies autres
en tirrant ( ! ) des Coups des Pistolets sur
Ies fenetres et la Porte ( ! ), j ' ai du
officiellement me plaindre aupres des
Pachas et leur demamnder des mesures
severes pour ne pas risquer ma vie. Les
Pachas immediatement detacherent de
leur Camp un Aga avec vingt hommes
pour servir de Garde au Consulat
d' Angleterre et de sauve-Garde a moi
lorsque je sortois. L' Aga avoit re9u des
Pachas le droit de vie et de mort a estre
inflige au premier qui insulteroit un
Anglois. 11 se fesoit ( ! ) suivre toujours
par un Burreau ( ! ) ; heuresement rien
n' est arrive. Ces gardes avoient ordre de
respecter ceux des habitan<t>s qm
demandaient asile au Consulat. C ' ettoit
( ! ) peinible ( ! )
Transport d e l a Somme c y dessus 3 1 7" 1 9" o
" " cy contre " " "
de voir la foule de monde qui obsedoit
1 80
( ! ) la maison pour etre proteges contre
les vexations des Turcs. Depenses, fraix
( ! ) et nouriture pour l ' Aga et ses 20
Soldats Barbares pour 1 7 j ours qm
garderent le Consulat Britannique 30 11 O" o
Present fait a Husseif Aga qui
commandoit cette Garde et qui m' avoit
apporte une lettre confidentielle de
S<on> A<ltesse> Moustapha Bairakdar
sur Ies moyens de communiquer avec
l 'Annee Russie ( ! ) et faire entendre ses
Raisons au G<enera>l en Chief
Michelson ainsi que pour m' authoriser
( ! ) a prendre sous ma protection toute la
Mission Russe ainsi que Ies Marchands
et suj ets de la Russie jusqu' a ce qui la
Porte s ' explique sur leur sort futur 1 0 11 O" o
Dec<emb>re Pour des bonnes mains et autres
13 Depenses inevitables aux visites des
Pachas et chefs de I ' Armee Ottomanne 11" 13" 4
Transport de la Somme cy dessus 369 " 1 2" o
1 806 Ayant appris que Moustapha Bairakdar

Dec<emb>re en voyant le Consul de Russie lui dit
14 s'il n'auroit pas ete le frere de son Ami
le Consul d' Angleterre il lui auroit
d ' abord fait trancher la tete, lui
rapprochant ses intrigues en faveur de
Sa Cour contre Ies Interets de la Porte et
dans un moment de furreur ( ! ) contre Ies
Russes ordonna que ce Consul fut mis
dans un eprison publique pele-mele
avec Ies malfaiteurs et Ies voleurs du
Grand Chemin ce qui m' ayant ete
fidelement rapporte et ayant re9u des
Suj ets Russes une requette ( ! ) a ce suj et
j 'ai expedie de Suite un Janissaire a
Rusciouk avec de mes lettres a S<on>
A<ltesse> Moustapha Bairakdar le
priant de faire sortir Mr. de Chirico de
181
sa prison et d'avoir quelque bonte pour
lui en ma consideration.
" " cy contre " " "
Dec<emb>re Pour un Messager confidentiel le
15 Consul fut enleve du souterrain ou on
l'avait charge des fers et on le logerent
( ! ) dans une belle ma1son ayant la
liberte de se prouvener dans la ville
meme de Rusciuk s ' i l le vouloit sous
une forte escorte ce qui Mr. Chirico n' a
jamais voulu faire crainte d' etre entoure
par la Populace qui l 'auroit mis en
pieces. Paye au janissaire susdit expedie
en Secret au quartier G<enera>l Russe a
Jassy avec des Depeches au G<enera>l 8" O" o
en chef Michelson sur les Operations de
I ' Armee Ottomane, sur Ies details de
l 'arrestation de son Consul et la maniere
energ1que avec la quelle j e m ' etois
conduit dans ces circonstances critiques
en faveur de la Cour de St. Petersbourg 3 0" O" o
" . " "
" cy contre "
1 806 Pour un J anissaire expedie a
Dec<emb>re l 'Ambassade a Constantinople voye de
17 Belgrade par la Transi lvanie ( ! ) avec Ies
details des deux Annees et pour
prevenir S<on> A<ltesse> des plein
pouvoirs que S<on> A<ltesse>
Moustapha Bairakdar, m ' a donne en me
priant de me rendre comme Negociateur
Plenipotentiaire aupres de l ' Armee du
G<enera>l Michelson pour traitter avec
lui a Yassy 3 0" O" o
L' Annee Ottomane m ' ayant nomme
ainsi que S<on> A<ltesse> Moustapha
Bairakdar leur Plein pouvoirs pour me
rendre en toute dilligence au quartier
G<enera>l Russe a Yassy je suis parti ------
1 82
de Suite ( ! ) ayant un Ordre en main
Signe ( ! ) par l' Armee Ottomane et
Moustapha Bairakdar adresse aux
Commandants de l ' avant garde Turque
d 'etre absolument sous mes
Transport de la Somme cy dessus 43 7 " 1 2" 4
" " cy con tre " " "
ordres et de faire tout ce que j e leur
insinuerais pour eviter de rencontrer
l ' Armee Russe et tâcher parlâ ( ! ) a me
laisser tout le tems a negocier s ' il
etoit possible; fraix ( ! ) occasionnes
pendant ce Voyage Extraordinaire que
la Dignite de la place que j 'occupois ne
me permetoit pas de demander aux
Turcs 63 " 2" o
Dec<emb>re Unde fois entre aux avant Postes de
17 l' Armee Russe et apres avoir connu Ies
Ordres signes par Alexandre qm
ordonnoit au G<enera>l Michelson
d 'occuper Boucharest et de battre les
Turcs par tout ou ii les rencontreroit j 'ai
fait mon Rapport par ecrit a L ' Armee
Turque et a Moustapha Bairakdar que j e
leur a1 expedie par un expres en
Parlamentaire car I ' Armee Russe ne
m'a pas voulu laisser sortir de leur
Cordon et ma pria de suivre Ies traces
de Michelson <;> en
Transport de la Somme cy dessus 437 " 1 2" 4
"
" " cy contre " "
attendant Je tennois (!) une
correspondence tres active avec Vienne,
Fraix en Expeditions Extraor<dinai>re
estafettes a Vienne pour Mr. Adair,
Espions, fraix en nouriture ( ! ) pour Moi
( ! ) et ma Suite a l' Armee jusqu' a la
Prise de Boucharest et autres petites
Depenses a I ' Armee & & & 1 39 " 1 6" 6
Pour autant paye pour des Chevaux de
1 83
Poste pour aiT1ver de Yassy a 1 2" O" o
Boucharest
Paye aux J anissaires Yanaka et Osman
Aga, qui m'ont accompagne au quartier
G<enera>l Russe a Jassy aller et
retoumer ( ! ) 1 6" 1 3" 4
Paye pour Hizmet (sa Peine) au
Cawash-Bachy Bosniak qm m ' a
accompagne comme Parlamentaire Turc
pour communiquer avec l ' avant Garde
Ottomane, de la maniere dont, i l a ete
detaille, dans mes Depeches a
Constantinople et Vienne 23 " 6" 8
692 " 1 0" 10
Um1ează c. 4 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ici arrive ma fuite de Bouccarest
Le Gouvemement de Sa Maj este ne trouvera pas j 'ose esperer tout

a fait deplace si je trace a Ia hâte un precis des :Evenements gui ont causes
( ! ) notre fuite precipitee. J'avais depuis long temps prevu que le
G<enera>l Ulanius Commandant l ' avant Garde Russe vers Ghiourghiow
meprisant Ies Turcs ne s'attendoit pas a etre attaque et culbute tout d ' un
Coup. Un beau j our lorsque l'on s'attendoit le moins et pendant que
j ' etois a dej euner chez moi avec trois des generaux russes, Panin,
Rebinder et Koutousoff, le tocsin sona; l ' allarme fut general ( ! ) et la
Nouvelle etoit que l ' avant Garde Russe <fut>culbutee par une Colonne
Turque qui traversa le Danube a l ' aide d'un tems brumeux et
avarn;:ant a grand pas sur Boucharest. La Ville dans moins d ' une heure fut
evacuee, l'on prit la route de la Transilvanie; je fus du Nombre, telle etoit
la confusion, que chez moi l'on n'a pas eu le tems ( ! ) de rien sauver;
I' on n' a pas pu meme prendre Ies Clefs des portes <de> ma Maison,
montee telle qu' on la connut; Chevaux, Voitures, Argenterees ( ! ), Linge,
habits, Livres et Manuscrits Arabes, Persians et Grecs, meubles & &.
Tout est pedu pour mo et Ies effets epargnes par la Canaille de I' Armee
Ottomane fut le partage d'un tas de Cosaques Tchughuyeffs Donsky et de
quelques Baskir, qui a la faveur de la nuite ( ! ) pilloient et Caves et
Chambres et tout. Je n'avois pas une juste idee de cette Catastrophe, car
mon Secretaire m ' avoit cache le tout dans sa Correspondance pour ne pas
1 84
me chagriner, mais lorsque j e me trouvais a Vienne, la Princesse
Vacareskulo et la Comtesse Doudesko, Dames de la Wallachie arrivees a
Vienne a cause de leur Sante, m' assurerent que de tout ceux qui se
ruinerent en Wallachie et qui ont le plus souffert c' etoit , moi, mes
meilleurs Chevaux ont servi pour remonter des vils Soldats Asiatiques qui
en ont paru etre connaisseurs.
Ce n' est pas dans la vue de reclamer toutes ces Pertes que j e fais
cet expose mais seulement pour soumettre aux Sages lumieres des
Ministres de S a Maj este Ies Sacrifices reels que j ' ai fait pour le Service
Public esperant que le Gouvernement de S<a> M<aj este> prendra en
consideration mes Services pases, mes pertes et la necessite de pourvoir
desormais a mon sort.
Fr. Summerers
1 807 Juin Cent Vingt Miile Âm es forment ( ! ) la

Population de Boucharest quitterent la
Ville dans la meme heure et prirent tous
la Route qui mene par Ies Montagnes a
Cronstat ( ! ) ville frontiere de la
Transilvanie. Le manque de vivre,
l ' impossibilite de se procurer des
Chariots, des
Transport de la Somme cy contre 496 " 1 8" 7
Chevaux et tous Ies Articles necessaires
pour vivre et pour poursuivre sa route;
devance par une foule des Brigands,
ayant sur le dos une Armee Turque, des
tout cotes des Cosaques qui gaspilloient
Ies Villes et Villages; le Voyage se
rendoit tres dispendieux. Le Compte
arrete a Cronstad et laisse entre Ies
mains du banquier de Boccarest ( ! )
cartnucio ( ! ), qui, m'ayant suivi avoit
fourni aux depenses de ce malheureux
Voyage, montoit a P<iastres> 1 725
j usqu' a mon entre ( ! ) dans le Territoire
de l 'Empereur avec toutes Ies persones
1 85
( ! ) attaches ( ! ) au Consulat. Pour cette
Somme j e lui a1 donne mon Billet,
comme pour toutes Ies autres Sommes
qu 'il m 'a avance f s. d.
P<iastres> 1 725 font 1 1 5 11 0 11 O
J uillet Aussitât arnve a Cronstat et me
trouvant hors de danger d' etre 6 1 1 11 1 8 11 7
Transport de la Somme cy dessus 900 11 1 O" 10
11 li " "
11 cy contre
fait Prisonier ( ! ) par Ies Turcs, j ' ai
dirige de suite mon attention a connaître
le Pays et le Genre d' intrigues qui
pourroient avoir lieu, je trouvais une
facili te d 'entretenir des Intelligences,
dans l' interieur de la Wallachie et j e
parvint ( ! ) sans beaucoup d e bruit a
connaître et faire intercepter une
Correspondance tres interessante entre
le Prince Soutzo et Calimachy qm,
qu01que nommes Hospodars, le
prem<ie>r pour la Wallachie et l ' autre
pour la Moldavie, n'asoient pas passer
le Danube n' etant par assures de l ' issue
des Operations de I' Arrn e e Ottomanne
et par consequent se trouvoient de
I' autre Câte du Danube faisant la Cour
aux Pachas et aux Agents secrets que la
France expedia en grand Nombre aux
Bords du Danube pour exercer leur
Metier connu de 900 11 10 "
10
Transport de la Somme cy dessus 6 1 1 11 1 81 1 7
li " " " "
cy contre
Boute feu ( ! ) d'intriguant rapporteur &
&, Correspondance disj e tres
interessante ' entre Ies Princes Soutzo, &
Calemachy ( ! ) avec le Ministre des
Relation s exterieures a Paris le
Suppliant de soutenir leur Nomin ation
qm a eu lieu par la faveur de
I' Ambassadeur Sebast iany ( ! ) et
1 86
demandant un Ordre a l ' Armee
frarn;aise en Dalmatie pour detacher un
Corp ( ! ) par la Bosnie pour s'unir aux
Operations de l' armee Turque du
Danube. Toutes ces lettres et ces proj ets
chimeriques des Princes Grecs me
confirmoient de plus en plus dans mon
opinion qu' il existoit vraiment des
intrigues dont il m' etoit tres utile de
connaître et le principe et le fil de ces
Communications: je songeais a
poursuivre mes recherches, lorsque 900 " 1 0 11 10
Transport de la Somme cy dessus 61 1" 1 8 11 7
li li
" " cy contre "
ayant re9u des Communications de
Vienne qui m'annon9oient qu'une
Ambassade Extraord<inai>re de France
passoit de Vienne pour se rendre en
Perse par Constantinople, j 'ai trouve
necessaire de me porter sur la route de
Vienne pour tâcher d' intriguer a faire
rettarder ( ! ) en autant qu'il me seroit
possible le Passage de cette Ambassade.
En consequence j ' ai solde encore mon
Compte que je trouve entre Ies Mains
du Sieur Castnucio mon Banquier qui a
bien voulu encore m 'avancer de
l 'Argent pour mon Sejour ( ! ) avec ma
Suite a Cronstad & &, j e donnois un
Billet de 1 1 34 Pias<tres> 75 " 1 2 11 o
Transport de la Somme cy dessus 61 1 " 1 8 11 7
900 " 1 0 11 1 0 11
Fr. Summerers
[Pe verso] Account of Mr Summerer's Expences for Secret Service

between Feb. 1 803 & March 1 807
f 2 1 20 5 " 5 "
1 87
Juillet Je me suis de suite rendu a Hermanstad 687 " 1 0" 7
ou j 'ai trouve
Transport de la Somme cy dessus 900 " 1 0" 10
le Marechal Kolowrath, comandant
militaire de la Transylvanie tres
embarasse de la Contenance qu' i l devoit
tenir a l'arrive du general Gardanne,
Ambassadeur de Bonaparte aupres du
Sophi de la Perse. N' ayant pas eu des
instructions de sa Cour a ce suj et, apres
m ' etre retire de chez le Gouvemeur, j 'ai
de suite expedie un de mes
boulukbachys, affide avec une lettre
ecrite en Grec vulgaire, chez S<on>
E<xcellence> Cemy George, general en
chef des Serviens, l ' informant du
passage de Gardanne et le fon;ant de
faire en sorte gu'il ne puisse pas passer
en Rumelie. Paye a ce Boulukbachy par
le negociant Manicate gui re9ut billet
pour P<iastres> 450 3 0" O" O
Transport de la Somme cy dessus 7 1 7" 1 0" 7
" " cy contre 900 " 1 0" 10
A mon arrivee a Temessvar, j e me suis
rendu chez le gen<era>l Duca,
Commandant de cette forteresse. Meme
embarras dans la contenance de ce
general, gui me re9ut avec honnetete, i l
m e dit gue Gardanne s e trouvait a
Temessvar, gu' i l devoit dînner
auj ourd' hui chez lui, circonstance qui
l' empechait de me voir, a sa table, bien
persuade gue je refuserois l ' invitation et
m ' entretint au long sur Gardanne et me
dit que c ' etoit un diable d' homme gu' i l
cherchoit a revolutioner ( ! ) l e Bannat et
a se faire des partisans meme dans les
prisons publigues de cette fortresse ou i l
s e rendait et seruait de l' argent
Transport de la Somme cy dessus
1 88
et des fromesses. 11 a soupc;onne
Gardanne d' avoir ete occupe, a bever le
plan de cette forteresse, envoye par
messager expres a Andreossy a Vienne
et finit par me <lire que ses intrigues lui
donnent du fii a l'ordre. Aussitot rentre
chez moi, je fis demander au general
Duca un passeport pour la Servie pour
un courier ( ! ) que je devois expedier; ce
fut le nomme Ghiotoritz, que je fis
partir de Temessvar avec une seconde
depeche au general Servien Cemy
George et une autre au general Russe de
mes am1s Issaief comandant les
Cosaques et volontaires envoye par
Michelson
Transport de la Somme cy dessus 7 1 7" 1 0" 7
au secours de la Servie. Dans mes
lettres j e faisois voir la grandeur de la
Servie que l 'on rendroit a la bonne
cause, en rettenant ces Franc;ois aussi
long tenus qu'on pouvait sans leur
permettre de passer outre. Mon but
principal dans tout ceci etait de rettenir
( ! ) Gardanne autant qu'il etoit possible
pour laisser a Sir Harford Jones le
temps d' arriver avant eux et de
trovailler avec succes.
Fraix et depenses pour mon voyage de
Cronstad a Hermanstat et de cette ville a
Temessvar, mon sejour intrigues, mon
amvee a Pest, entrevue avec le
Marechal Baron Alvintzy, commandant
de l'Hongrie. Expeditions d'un Husard
avec des ordres
Transport de la Somme cy dessus 757" 1 0" 7
" " cy contre " " "
a Duca pour surveiller Gardanne et mon
arrivee jus'qu a Vienne, calcule a
P<iastres> 1 647 1 1 mon<tan>t 1 09" 1 6" 4
1 89
Juillet Aussitot arrive a Vienne, j e suis
Aout et rendu chez Mr Adair et apres avoir re9u
Septbre son approbation pleniaire sur toute mon
( ! ) conduite passee lorsque j e me suis
trouve etre le seul employe du Roi en
Turquie de lui ai parler ( ! ) des intrigues
de Gardanne et de mon intention a
suivre de tous mes moyens Ies intrigues
des Fran9ais, a cet effet je me rendis de
suite a Baden et a St. Fayth, le foyer des
intrigues de l 'Ambassadeur Andreossy.
J ' ai travaille de tous mes moyens.
Mr.Adair en sait quelque chose la
dessus. Les depenses de mon sej our a
Vienne et de toutes Ies intrigues & &
m'ont caute P<iastres> 1 500 pour Ies
quelles j 'ai donne mon billet a Mrs
<Ies> Secretaires 1 00 o o
Septembre Mr Adair m'expedia de Vienne 967 6 11
Transport de la somme cy dessus 967 6 11
Le 25 Sep<tembre> avec des depeches 900 10 10
pour Malte et avec l 'ordre de me rendre
aux Dardanelles avec des
communications de vive voix pour Sir
Arthur Paget. Mon voyage jusqu ' a
Malte me colita outre 1 400 re9us d e Mr.
Adair, avant de quitter Vienne. 53 6 8
Decern bre Arrive a Mal te, j ' appris aussitfrt par
S<on> E<xcellence> Sir Alex Ball
Gouvemeur civil de l ' isle, que Sir
Arthur Paget, avoit quatte Ies
Dardanelles et s ' etoit rendu en
Angleterre. La saison avancee, Ies
fatigues du voyage et les chagrins avait
tellement altere ma sante, que le
Gouvemeur Ball ne voulut pas me
Conseiller de passer en Angleterre en
hiver. Tous ces raisons n' etoient pas Ies
plus Urgents, il y avait le S ervice Public
qui m' engagea plus que toute autre a ------
1 90
rester quelque temps a Malte et cela
pour connaître et suivre les intrigues du
Transport de la somme cy dessus 1 020 13 .7
900 10 10
Chevalier d' Italinsky Envoye de Russie
et de toute sa legation de Constantinople
qm se trouvoit a Malte, que tous
ennemis de l 'Angleterre cobaloient sous
main par, une suite des circonstances
contre nous sous un exterieur sincere et
amical, soit en Sicile que a Malte.
J' ai eu une longue correspondance avec
le Gouvemeur, Sir Alex Ball a ce suj et.
S<on> E<xcellence> m'a toujours
remercie du zele de l ' activite avec
laquelle j e tâchois de penetrer dans des
intrigues menees de si loin. Ce n' est
qu'apres le depart de la Mission Russe
de Malte pour Trieste et au retours ( ! )
de l a belle saison que j ' ai quitte Malte
ou j ' ai depense en tout pendant mon
sej our, & & 66 13 4
Mars J'ai paye pour mon voyage de Malte a f 1 087 6 11
Portsmouth et
Transport de la somme cy dessus autres 900 10 10
petites depenses en provision ( ! ) & & 53 6 8
11 40 18
f2 1 22 5 5
Fr. Summerers
J e me suis pret a prendre serment sur tous les articles de mes

depenses presentees au Gouvemement de Sa Majeste.
Les circonstances de la guerre m' ayant fait quitter mon poste, il
est juste et digne de la generosite des Ministres de Sa Maj este a
m'accorder mes fraix, jusqu'a Londres, tels que je Ies expose sous
serrnent.
[Pe verso:] Account of Mr. Summerer' s Expences for Secret Service
between Feb<ruary> 1 803 & March 1 807
f 2 1 22 5 5
191
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/66, f. 26 - 54 v 0 ;
K S ecret S ervice
Depenses occasiones pour des intelligences ( ! ) S ecret avec La

Service - Communications avec Cemy George commandant en chef des
Serviens et Milenico son lieutenant. Communications confidentielles en
Rumelie et chez les Bulgares pour connaître et dej ouer Ies intrigues de
Bonaparte et ceux de la Cour de St. Petersburg. Pour des correspondents
et agents secrets dans l 'interieur et l ' exterieur de ces Provinces, pour Ies
relations et communications en Hongrie, la Transilvanie, le Banat ( ! ) et le
long du Cordon Autrichien. Pour des estafettes et une corespondance
actives ( ! ) aec des employees de l 'Autriche aux frontieres.
Correspondance avec le Commandant de Hermanstad le Marechal
Mitrowsky, gens employes ă. tout moment pour faire des courses chez Ies
Serviens et avoir de leur nouvelles, qui interessoient dans ce moment le
public pour l ' interet que la Cour de Russie et celle de Vienne prend aux
frontieres pour faciliter la correspondance ministerielle et faire rettarder
l'arrivee et depart des courriers Frarn;:ais.
<Urmează socoteli amănunţite în piaştri şi echivalentul lor în lire,
şilingi şi penny pe zile, fără alte explicaţii>
Speci.fication des Comptes presentes au Gouvernement

de Sa Majeste par Francis Summerers sous la lettre K
s d
1 803 Pour le compte du Medecin et
Janvier 1 1 Chirurgien oublie ă. etre paye ă.
Cronstadt pour avoir soigne l a j ambe du
malheureux Andrew Davidson, Courier
de S <on> E<xcellence> Lord Elgin 7 8 o
F evrier 9 Depense ă. connaître l' etat des affaires
sur les frontieres de la Transylvanie 9 o o
Fevrier 1 O Pour un homme envoye en secret ă.
Belgrade chez Hassan Pacha et de l a a
Viddin son retour 16 13 4
1 92
Fevrier 1 2 Pour frais et deboirs faits par mon
correspondant a Hermanstad pour
connaître le mois passe I' etat exact des
forces militaires et pour avoir regle avec
les maîtres de Poste l' expedition des
depeches de l 'Ambassade soit par
estafettes que par des messagers et
courriers de Cabinet 12 o o
Transport de la somme ·cy dessus 45 1 4
1 803 Mars Pour des presents d ' usage evoye a Mr
2 Matouchi Douanier a la Tour Rouge et
au Maj or Commandant 11 o o
Avril 4 Pour un Messager expedie a Cossova en
Transylvanie pour faire des recherches
sur une estafette expedie ( ! ) par moi
pour le Service Public et qui n'etoit
point arrive a Vienne que quelque temps
apres 14 13 4
Avril 1 0 Pour diverses depenses faites entre
Hermanstad et Cossova pour rechercher 4 14 o
l 'estafette per du ( ! )
Avril 1 9 Fraix payes pour ma correspondance de
Transylvanie et la frontiere 6 19 7
Les articles des divers correspondants
doivent etre interpretes ainsi. L'homme
qui me donnait toutes Ies nouvelles de
Crayowa, Widinn et une partie des
nouvelles du bords du Danube
Celui de Yassy m 'informait des affaires
interieures de la Province, intrigues des
Russes et des Fran9ais, Copies de leur
notes & & ainsi que tous les details des
frontieres de la Russie, de la Boucovine
et de la Pologne. Celui d'Ibraila et
Gallatz me donnoit les nouvelles de la
Bessarabie et quelque fois celles de la
Georgie. Celui de Cronstad et
Hermanstad toutes Ies nouvelles de
!'Europe, celles de l ' interieur de leurs -------
1 93
Pays, Ies mouvements militaires et les
ordres en Conseil.
C' est de la sorte que j 'ai du travail ler
pour satisfaire mes Chefs. Condui te que
je me flatte sera approuve par le
Gouvemement de S<a> M<aj este>
M' etant trouve, dans Ies circonstances
tres delicates je ne sava1s me tirer
d'affaire si ce n'est par une activite sans
exemple pour le Service Public
1 803 April Paye a mon Correspondant de Crayowa 11 4 8
20
May 25 Pour un schal ( ! ) des lndes envoye en
present au g<en>eral Conte Mitrowsky
commandant de la Transylvanie.
L' Arnbassade connoit la nature des
services qu'il nous a rendu 22 12 4
Novembre Pour un homme confidentiel expedie
10 tout le long du Cordon Autrichien, son
sejour a Hermanstad et Cronstad 21 6 8
1 37 12 11
1 804 May Pour diverses expeditions faites a la
21 frontiere de la Transylvanie pour
informer le Gouvemeur et Commandant
de la conduite de leurs employes qui ont
retenus ( ! ) nos courriers plus longtemps
qu'il ne fallait, sur tout ( ! ) contre le
Sieur Benedeck qui s' est conduit tres
mal plusieurs fois 14 8 8
May 2 1 Pour un homme confidentiel expedie
par Crayowa a Orsova et son retour au
poste 9 6 8
23 15 4
Avril 3 Pour fraix payes a mon correspondant
de Yassy 2 13 4
1 94
Avril 4 Pour un homme deguise envoye chez
les Serviens, pour connaître les intrigues
du fameux Juif Avram, espion solde par 14 o o
les Fran9ais
Avril 9 Passage de la personne chargee par le
Gouvemement de Kalle pour se rendre a
Odessa et faire des empletes en Bled ( ! ) 3 3 4
Avril 1 3 Pour fraix payes a mon correspondant
de Hermanstad et Cronstat 4 o o
Avril 3 0 de de pour celui de Crayowa 2 o o
" " "
May 3 2 13 4
May 1 3 de de pour celui de Hermanstad et
Cronstat 4 o o
May 1 7 du Logothet de la Poste aux chevaux
pour l' expedition des messagers du Roi 2 o o
58 5 4
Transport de la somme cy dessus 1 37 12 1
May 30 Pour des lettres paye a la Poste
d' Allemagne pour des paquets et lettres
re9us de Vienne pour I ' Ambassade de
Sa Maj este a Constantinople 9 o 6
Aux caporeaux et bas-officiers attaches
a l' Agence Autrichienne pour remettre
Ies depeches et lettres arrives de Vienne 13 4
un moment plutot sans laisser au
lendemain
Aux Ianissaires d' Allemagne, qm
partait ( ! ) pour Constantinople, se sont
charges de mes paquets pour
l' Ambassade 16 o
Juin 3 Pour fraix ( ! ) a mon correspondant de
Yassy 2 13 4
Juin 1 3 de de pour celui de Hermanstad et
Cronstat 4 6 o
Juin 27 de de de Crayowa 2 o o
Paye au Vel Capitan de la poste aux
chevaux pour faciliter nos expeditions 1 o o
Aux Calarachs Wallaques partant pour
Constantinople qui
1 95
137 12 11
1 804 se sont charges de mes paquets pour 13 4
l 'Ambassade
Juin 28 Aux bas officiers Autrichiens pour des
depeches arrivees par la Male 16 o
Juillet 3 Fraix payes a mon correspondant a 2 13 4
Yassy
Juillet 1 3 de de de ceux de Hermanstad et 4 o o
Cronstat
Juillet 1 7 Les circonstances du moment m' ayant
oblige de passer a la frontiere jusqu ' a la
Tume ( ! ) Rouge, depense pour aller et 23 6 8
revemr
Les voleurs inspectant les grands
chemins et oblige de voyager en service
j our et nuit pour arriver plustot, j 'ai ete
oblige de prendre une escorte d'un
boulukbachy et 4 Albanais, leurs paye 14 13 4
Pour divers petits presents paii au
douanier et autres employes a la
quarantaine 10 13 4
1 35 4 6
" "
cy contre 135 4 6
Juillet 20 Donne un<e> montre d' argent a l 'un
des officiers de S<on> A<ltesse> Le
Prince Mourousy gui est venu expres de
Yassy avec certai nes depeches pour
l' Ambassade de Sa Maj este a
Constantinople 8 13 4
Juillet 2 1 Pour un homme expedie a l ' Ada et
Widinn et de la filler chez les Serviens 12 o o
Juillet 27 Fraix ( ! ) payes a mon correspondant de 2 o o
Crayowa
Aout 3 Fraix ( ! ) paye a mon correspondant a 2 13 4
Yassy
Aout 5 Pour un homme envoye au Servien
deguise en marchand de tabac 15 6 8
1 96
Aout 1 3 Fraix ( ! ) de mon correspondant de
Hermanstat et Cronstat 4 o o
Aout 1 7 Pour payer auj ourd'hui une assignation
de f. 1 08 frais et depenses du marchand
a S emlin qui s ' est charge de me faire
des copies pour Ies rapports Ies plus
exacts sur I ' etat des affaires des
insurges en Servie 9 7 2
Transport de la somme cy dessus 1 89 5 o
" li
cy con tre 1 37 12 11
1 89 5 o
Aout 27 Fraix payes a mon correspondant de 2 o o
Crayowa
Septembre de de pour celui de Y assy 2 13 4
3
Septembre Pour une estafette que le Gouverneur de
4 la Transylvanie m' a adresse en service 8 5 9
Septembre Pour depence ( ! ) ce ( ! ) aujourd'hui a
8 I ' occasion du malheureux incendie qui a
consume ( ! ) 2.000 boutiques et 1 00
maisons avec tout le Bazar, pour sauver
Ies archives de la Chancellerie du
Consul d' Autriche et pour des secours
donnes aux indigeants qui avaient tout
perdu 31 4 4
S eptembre Pour autant donne ce ( ! ) jourd'hui aux
11 gens du Consul de Russie, etant la fete
de l 'Empereur comme de coutume 3 6 8
Septembre Fraix ( ! ) pour mon correspondant a 4 o o
13 Cronstat et Hermanstad
1 87 12 1
" " cy contre 240 15 1
Septembre Pour un homme affide envoye a S<on>
24 E<xcellence> Cerny George voye de
Semlin avec des communications au
suj et des Fran�ais 21 o o
Sep tembre Fraix ( ! ) pour mon correspondance a
27 Crayowa 2 o o
1 97
Octobrc 3 de de pour celui de Y assy
2 13 4
Octobre de de pour ceux de Cronstad et
16 Hermanstat 4 o o
Octobre Pour divers petits souveniers envoyes
27 aux authorites civiles de frontieres 7 16 8
Fraix de mon correspondant de 2 o o
Crayowa
Novembre de de pour celui de Yassy 2 13 4
3
Novembre de de pour ceux de Hermanstad et 4 o o
13 Cronstat
Novembre Pour un expres envoye au comp Servien
15 et son retour par l 'Allemagne 16 6 8
Novembre Fraix ( ! ) de mon correspondant de 2 o o
27 Crayowa
1 37 12 11
"
" cy contre 305 5 1
Decern bre Fraix ( ! ) de mon correspondant de 2 13 4
3 Yassy
Decern bre de de pour ceux de Cronstat et de 4 o o
13 Hermanstad
Decern bre de de pour celui de Crayowa 2 o o
27
313 18 1
1 805 Fraix ( ! ) de mon correspondant a Yassy
Janvier 3 2 13 4
Jan vier 3 de de pour ceux de Cronstad et de
Hermanstad 4 o o
Janvier 1 3 Pour fraix ( ! ) extraordinaires a
l ' expedition d'un courner de
l ' Ambassade de Sa Maj este pour
Vierme 4 8 9
Janvier 27 Fraix ( ! ) de mon correspondant de
Crayowa 2 o o
Janvier 30 Pour une estafette que le g<enera>l
Conte Mitrowsky m' adressa avec des
rapports au suj et d'un messager allant a
Vienne avec les depeches de Mr. 4
-------
18 8
1 9R
Straton, perdu ( ! ) sur le grand chemin et
puis retrouvees
Transport de la somme cy dessus 18 o 9
43 1 11 4
li li
cy contre 18 o 9
1 805 Fraix ( ! ) paye ( ! ) a mon correspondant
Fevrier 3 de Yassy 2 13 4
Fevrier 9 Pour un J anissaire expedie par la
Transylvanie chez le g<enera>l Servien
Melenike au suj et d'un de ses
bulukbachy (lieutenants) qm le
comprometoit au Commissariat de
France 21 6 8
Fevrier 1 3 Fraix ( ! ) pour mes correspondants de
Herrnanstad et Cronstat 4 o o
Fevrier 1 9 Pour une estafette re9u ( ! ) de
Herrnanstad de Mr. Karasick, Directeur
g<enera>l de la Poste des lettres, avec
la nouvelle que Ies coupables qm
avaient voles Ies depeches ont ete
trouves et punis 4 18 8
Fevrier 25 Pour un messager affide expediee ( ! ) a
Orsowa par Crayowa et moutsazely
avec des lettres pour Regieb Aga le
Gouver<ne>ur 15 6 8
Fevrier 27 Fraix de mon correspondance a
Crayowa 2 o o
45 1 11 4
11 11
cy contre 63 6 1
1 805 Mars Fraix ( ! ) de man correspondant a Yassy
3 2 13 4
Mars 1 3 de de pour ceux de Herrnanstat et
Cronstad 4 o o
Mars 27 de de pour ceux de Crayowa 2 o o
April 3 de de pour celui de Y assy 2 13 4
April 1 3 de de ceux de Herrnanstat et de
Cronstad 4 o o
April 27 de de pour celui de Crayowa 2 o o
May 3 de de celui de Yassy 2 13 4
1 99
May 1 3 de de de ceux de Hennanstad et
Cronstat 4 0- o
May 27 de de de Crayowa 2 0 o
May 4 Pour un homme foit parti â la quite du
spathar Wassilaky expedie par S<on>
A<ltesse> le Prince Mourousy
Hospodar de la Moldavie en qualite de
negociateur chez Ies Serviens, pour me
tenir au foit de ce qui se
45 1 11 4
Transport de la somme cy contre 94 6 1
passait aux seunces du Consul de Cemy
George 17 6 8
May 7 Pour le retour de l 'homme expedie chez
Ies Bulgares deguise en marchand et son
depart avec des nouvelles instructions et
un ( ! ) espece de chifre qui ne pouvait
etre lu que par moi 15 6 8
Jun 3 Depenses et fraix ( ! ) de mon
correspondant de Yassy 2 13 4
Jun 1 3 de de de ceux de Hennanstad et
Cronstat 4 o o
Jun 27 de de de Crayowa 2 o o
Juillet 3 Depenses et fraix ( ! ) de mon
correspondant de Y assy 2 13 4
Juillet 6 Pour le sieur Yonake Ghiotoviz expedie
a Nissa avec des communications
allentours ( ! ) 18 13 4
Juillet 1 3 de de de ceux â Hennanstad et Cronstat 4 o o
Juillet 27 de de de Cosaques 2 o o
Aout 3 de de de Y assy 2 13 4
Transport de la somme cy contre 1 65 12 9
45 1 11 4
1 805 Aout Fraix pour mon correspondant de
13 Hennanstad et Cronstat 4 o o
200
Aout 27 de de de Crayowa
Pour fraix a la Reception et expedition
j usqu' a Yassy d'un Messager venant de
Conbstantinople pour St. Petersburg,
Poste & & 2 o o
Septembre Fraix ( ! ) pour mon correspondant de
3 Yassy 2 13 4
Septembre de de de Hermanstat et Cronstat
13 4 o o
Septembre de de de Crayowa
27 2 o o
Octombre de de de Yassy 2 13 4
3
Octombre Pour une estafette re9u ( ! ) des frontieres
5 sur l ' etat des chemins et la surete ( ! ) des
routes 4 18 8
Octombre Depenses pour mon correspondant a
13 Cronstat et Hermanstad 4 o o
Octombre de de de Crayowa 2 o o
27
Novembre 2 13 4
3
Novembre de de de Hermanstad et Cronstat 4 o o
13
Transport de la somme cy contre 210 o 9
45 1 11 4
" " cy contre 210 o 9
Novembre Fraix ( ! ) de mon correspondant de
27 Crayowa 2 o o
Decembre de de de Y assy 2 13 4
3
Pour un boulukbachy des Albanois
envoye chez le General Meleniko en
S ervie sous pretexte de prendre service
chez lui pour me donner un detail exact
des forces et du nombre des troupes sur
pieds ( !), ainsi que de leurs interets,
paye, & & 21 6 8
Decernbre Fraix ( ! ) de mon correspondant de
13 Hermanstat et Cronstat 4 o o
201
Dcccmbrc d.: de de Crayowa 2 o o
27
242 o 9
1 806 I an . Fraix de mon correspondant de Yassy 2 13 4
3
Ian. 1 3 de de a Hermanstat et Cronstat 4 o o
Ian. 2 7 de de de Crayowa 2 o o
Feb. 3 de de de Y assy 2 13 4
Feb. 1 3 de de de Hermanstat et Cronstat 4 o o
24 o o
27
Feb . de de de Crayowa 2 o o
Mar. 3 de de de Y assy 2 13 4
Mar. 1 3 de de de Hemrnnstat et Cronstat 4 o o
24 o o
Transport de la somme cy contre 24 o o
1 806 Mar. Pour un homme affide expedie en
25 service pour la Transylvanie avec ordre
de retoumer par Semlin et Belgrade 19 6 8
Mar. 27 Paye le correspondant a Crayowa 2 o o
Avril 3 Fraix du correspondant de Yassy 2 13 4
Avril 1 3 de de de Hermanstad et Cronstat 4 o o
Avril 2 7 de de de Crayowa 2 o o
May 3 de de de Yassy 2 13 4
May 1 3 de de de Hennanstat et Cronstat 4 o o
May 2 7 de de de Crayowa 2 o o
Jun. 3 de de de Y assy 2 13 4
Jun. 1 3 de de de Hermanstad et Cronstat 4 o o
Jun. 27 de de de Crayowa 2 o o
J uillet 3 to de Yassy de Herm<an>s<ta>t, de 8 13 4
27 Crayowa
Juillet 2 8 Pour le messager Mountian expedie
jusqu'aux frontieres pour voir si l ' on a
repare la grande route et si Ies ponts
sont en bon ordre, pour prevenir des
malheurs qm arrivent de nuit, aux
messagers sur cet obj et; le Prince a
donne des ordres reiteres a ma
requisition 8 13 4
202
Aofit 3 Payes les fraix de mon correspondant de 2 13 4
Yassy
Aofit 1 3 de de de Hermanstat et Cronstat 4 o o
95 6 8
1 806 Aug. Fraix ( ! ) de mon correspondant a 2 o o
, 27 Crayowa
Septembre de de de Yassy 2 13 4
3
Septembre Pour expedier Yani Boukio au camp
5 Servien avec passeport Autrichien No
279 et pour s ' en retoumer par le Banat,
sans se dire etre expedie par moi, il est
porteur de 3 lettres pour Kodgia Bachys
de Nissa 12 o o
Septembre Depense et paye a mes correspondants
13 de Hermanstad et Cronstat 4 o o
Septembre de de de Crayowa 2 o o
27
Decembre Pour une assignation sur Tumavite de
1 Crayowa envoye ce ( ! ) jourd'hui a
l ' homme qui secretement habite cette
demiere ville pour me tenir copies des
rapports que le Caimakame de Crayowa
envoy (!) periodiquement au
Commissaire du Prince 10 o o
Decembre Paye ( ! ) j ourd'hui a Mr. Gaudries un
2 ordre de Matouche, Douanier
Autrichien a Rothiatoum ( ! ), pour ses
depenses et fraix ( ! )
Transport de la somme cy dessus 1 28 o o
693 12 4
11 11
cy contre 1 28 o o
Pour envoyer ma correspondance avec
Vienne, soigner les paquets et mettre
quelque fois une toile ciree et pour des
certaines ( ! ) gens envoyes par lui pour
connoi tre 1' arri vee de certai nes
messagers et emissaires Fram;:ais 12 o o
203
Dccembre Pour une assignation envoye pour mm
9 au Sicur Magharithopulo de la
Moldavie pour six mois de services et
correspondancc tres active de Galatz et
lbrai la 31 10 2
1 807 Paye une assignation de Mr. Matouche
Avri l 8 de la Toure Rouge pour des fraix ( ! ) et
depenses pour recevoir et expedier les 7 13 4
messagers et correspondance
ministeriel le
872 11
Fr. Summerers
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/66, f. 5 6 - 72 v0 ;

RESUME
des Comptes de Francis Summerers avec le Gouvemement de Sa Maj este
Montant a f 9550. 1 .2
SA VOIR
A .... Solde de ses Comptes avec l ' Ambassade d e S a

Maj este du temps de Son Excellence Monsieur l e
Comte. d'Elgin qui ordonna avant son depart au
Banquier de I ' Ambassade de la payer, mais que le
demier apres le depart de Son Excellence refusa
de le faire sous pretexte de n'avoir pas des fonds
appartenant a l ' Ambassade de Sa Maj este . . . . . . . . . . . . . f l 50. l l ,O
B .... Compte d e ses Depenses dans l ' interieur d e l a
Wallachie et Moldavie en Presents e t autres
Devoirs . . . . . . . . . . . . f932 . 1 8, 1 0
1 083.9. 1 0
C .... Compte de ses Depenses en Presents & & aux
Pachas et Gouvemeurs Turcs pour le S ervice du
Gouvemement de Sa Maj este . . . . . . . . . f578. 1 0,0
D .... Compte de ses Depenses en Expeditions et courses
chez Ies Pachas de ses Allentours pour le service
du Gouvemement de Sa Maj este . . . . . . . 759.0.0
204
E .... Expeditions faites pour le Gouvemement de Sa
Maj este dans l' interieur des Provinces en
j anissaires & & pour des Intrigues et pour assurer
la Correspondance Ministerielle . . . .. f524.0. l O
f2945. l .O
&.s.d. 2945 . 1 .0
F .... Depenses pour un Secretaire Copiste et un Kiatib
Turc indispensables a I' etablissement de S a
Maj este a Bucharest .„ . „ . 665.6.8
G „ . . Service Secret 662.8. 1 O
H „ . . D D 473 . 1 9.4
I„ „ D D 2 1 22 . 5.5
K „ „ D D 823.3 . 7
L „ „ Depenses pour l e Service Public . . . „ . 1 305. 1 2. 1 1
M .. . Comptes de ses Depenses en Service Public pour
la Correspondance Ministerielle avec la Legation
de Sa Maj este pres la Cour de Vienne „ „ „ „ 552.3.5
9550. 1 . 2
Fr. Summerers

<Fără număr sau literă>
Appen;u des Depenses annuelles faites par Francis Summerers pour

subvenir auxfraix (!) de Sa Maison de Bucharest et de Yassy
Le Resume
De ce Compte en general a ete a son temps expedie de Boucharest a
l 'Ambassade de Sa Majeste a Constantinople
f, s d
Pour loyer de S a Maj este et un appartament pour
loyer les Ianissaires de I ' Ambassade de Sa Maj este a
Constantinople 1 50 O O
Lord El gin m ' expediant a Boucharest dans ses
instructions s 'etant explique au suj et de mon
etablissement „qu 'ii devoit pour contenir Ies
205
messagers et ianissaires de / 'A mbassade"
Tout le monde connait la cherte des maisons en ces
deux Provinces de la Wallachie et Moldavie, ou Ies
Boyards, nobles du Pays font bâtir leurs maisons pour
leurs propres usages et mon pas pour etre
1 50 o o
Transport de la somme cy dessus 1 50 o o
loyees, de maniere que Ies Consuls etrangers sont
toujours tres embarrases pour trouver des maisons et
sont dans la dure necessite de faire representations
officielles aux princes pour forcer les proprietaires de
se rendre sur leurs terres pour avoir leur maison,
sacri fice qu'un ( ! ) chacun son interet. La Cour de
Russie ennuyee des plaintes continuelles de ses
Consuls a ce suj et, acheta une maison a Yassy et
l' etablit pour etre son Consulat G<enera>l permanent.
II etait demierement question que la France devoit
acheter ou faire bâtir des maisons pour ses
Commissariats.
J ' ai eu toutes Ies peines du monde pour etre loge
en Wallachie et cela tres cherement. Je paye Piastres
deux milles par anuee pour une maison mediocre ou
devois payer toutes Ies reparations & & inclus cet
article de f 1 50 annuelles y est inclus le loyer de deux
Chambres que Ies Ianissaires de l 'Arnbassade
occupaient aux quartiers ou Ies Turcs habittent a
Boucharest. Arrangement fait du temps de My Lord
Elgin, a qui fait paser a son temps mes raisons et la
necesitee de cette mesure. Mr. Drummond qui logea
quelques semaines chez moi, ainsi que tous ceux qui
ont passe par ces Pays, peuvent donner une ideee de la
cherte des quartiers.
Pour depenses annuelles de ma Cuisine 400 o o
Cet article quoique assez clair par soi-meme, sero
explique plus minutieusenant, en obsservant ( ! ) que Ies
articles de la Cusine etant monopolises, se
rencherissoient tous naturement (?). J'ettois ( ! ) tres
heureux lorque mes Comptes, mois par mois,
m' excludent pas pour Ies depenses de la Cusine seule,
la somme de f 32 a f 3 5 . Cette depense servait pour
206
nourrir a ma table mon secretaire et Kiatib turc et moi,
et pour une table separee pour Ies messagers de
I' Ambassade a Constantinople, il devoit suffir, anssi
pour nourrir mes domestiques des deux sexes. L'on
supposait aisement que ma cuisine n' etait pas bien
frugale si l ' on doit ajouter a ces depenses toutes Ies
petites provisions qui l 'on devoit donner de la Cusine
( ! ) en Jambons, Langues, etc. a des messagers du
Gouvemement de Sa Maj este qui devoient passer par
Ies Pays deserts de la Wallachie, destitues d' auberges.
Sur ce demier paragraphe, je me refere plus ou moins
aux rapports des gens a qui j 'ettoi ( ! ) bien aise
d' accorder toute l 'hospitalite requise dans une ville
sans auberges ni endroits pour loger des etrangers et j e
peux assurer Ies Minitres de S a Maj este que tout ce qui
voyageoit en Service du Gouvemement Britannique a
ete loge et nourri chez moi comme il est de notoriete
publique depuis S<on> E<xcellence> L' Ambassadeur
Drummond j usque' au ( ! ) demiers des gens allant en
Service Public.
Transport de la somme cy dessus f:5 5 0 O O
Pour salaires annuels des gens de deux sexes
attaches a la maison, leur habillements 1 00 o o
Tout le monde connait la malproprete de ces Pays
et a cet effet j ' ai du faire venir de I' Allemagne des
domestiques affides qui portoient des reccomandations
( ! ) tres respectables et qui dans des cas tres
extraordinaires ou je manquais des messagers et
faisoient de temps en temps des courses a Vienne avec
des depeches de I ' Ambassade de Constantinople.
Tous Ies articles d'habi llement etant tres cher ( ! ),
rendoient leur salaire plus des pensieux ( ! ); l 'on
Transport de la somme cy dessus sait en outre que f:650 O O
dans ces Pays I ' on suit Ies coutumes d' avo ir plus des
domestiques qu' a l 'ordinaire, vu que leurs divers
services sont partages.
Pour Depenses annuelles de l'Ecurie, orge, foin & &
50 o o
207
Unc carosse est en Wallachie un objet de premiere
necessite, plustot ( ! ) que de luxe, � oit par la quantite
des raisons. Dans le compte d'Ecurie l ' on entend
Depenses en Chevaux, foin, orge, Depenses en
Marc hal ( ! ) ferent ( ! ) preparation du carosse et autres
petits annuels et indispensables.
Toute personne qui connait ces Pays pourra assilrer
la necessite d'avoir une carosse.
Pour Depenses en divers provisions annuelles en the,
sucre, caffee ( ! ) lumieres ( ! ) et autres artic les
necessaires dans une Maison
Transport de la somme cy des sus f 700 O O
Cet article contient toutes Ies petits ( ! ) depenses de
la maison. 50 O O
Les lumi eres, huile a lampes, caffee ( ! ), sucre, the et
autres petits depenses annuelles dans si ( ! ) genre. Le
pain est compris dans Ies depenses de la Cusine.
Depenses annuelles en bois et charbon, ainsi que
pour Ies memes depenses dans une maison des
Ianissaires 50 O O
Le bois et charbon est un article de premiere
necessite, qui non seulement a servi pour la Cusine
mais pour echauffer ( ! ) Ies appartemens pendant des
longs l ' ennuyeux ( ! ) hivers qui durent generalement
plus de cinq mois en ces provinces. Bois et charbon
pour la Cuisine. Bois pour echauffer la maison, les
appartemens des courriers et des messagers de
I' Ambassade. Bois et Charbons donnes aux
appartements des Ianissaires d 'Ambassade qm
devoient attendre l ' arrivee des depeches de Vienne
pour Ies apporter a Constantinople.
f800 o o
Fr. S ummerers
0
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/66, f. 83 v0- 87 v ;
208
97
Pera, 1809, februarie 1 8
R . Adair către J Ph. K. von Stadion, ministrul Afacerilor Externe

al A ustriei, despre necesitatea respectării integrităţii Imperiului Otoman
în cazul încheierii păcii între ruşi şi turci.
Pera, le 1 8 Fevrier 1 809
Copie
Monsieur le Comte,
Quoique les relations diplomatiques aient cesse entre nos deux

Cours, la position tout a fait nouvelle ou se trouvent l 'Angleterre et la
Russie par rapport a la guerre Turque, et l 'interet general des etats qui
avoisinnent a la Porte et a la Russie de voir cesser cette guerre entre Elles,
semblent justifier la demarche que je viens de hasarder en vous envoyant
la lettre incluse adresse au Feld Marechal Prince de Prosorowsky. Ayant
appres ici que S<on> E<xcellence> Monsieur le Feld Marechal n'etait
plus charge des negotiations a Jassy, j 'ai pris le parti de Vous l' envoyer
M<onsieur> le Comte avec priere d'en faire parvenir le sens au Cabinet
de St. Petersburg. Apres l'avoir lue, Votre Excellence verra les raisons
qui paraissent excepter ce cas de la rigueur des regles diplomatiques et
laisser Ies Cours I' Angleterre, de Vienne et de St. Petersburg libres d' agir
selon Ies principes d 'une convenance evidente et reciproque. La paix
Turque interesse la Russie au plus haut point. Elle ne peut vous etre
indifferente; et quoique j e connais tout le prix de la diversion que la
puissance Ottomane reunie a la notre peut operer en notre faveur dans le
cas que la guerre continuera entre nous et la Russie, l 'interet general
d'une paix qui conservera et assurera une existance independante a
l'Empire Ottoman l 'emporte sur toute consideration de cette nature.
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/63, f. 1 57 - 1 57 v;

209
98
?era, 1809. februarie 22
R. Adair către <Mehmet Sa 'id Gaalib> Efendi>, reis efendi

privind opoziţia Angliei la tentativele Rusiei de a anexa Principatele
Dunărene şi a-şi instaura influenţa asupra Serbiei,· îndeamnă Turcia la
rezistenţă.
Pera, le 22 Fevrier 1 809
Copie
Le soussigne, Plenipotentiaire de Sa Maj este Britan<n>ique a

l 'honneur de communiquer a son Excellence le Reis Efendi la declaration
du Roi Son maître au suget de l ' ouverture pacifique que l ' Empereur de
Russie et le Chef du Gouvernement Frarn;:ais ont adresse a Sa Maj este au
mois d'Octobre dernier.
La Sublime Porte y verra avec peine que la Cour de Russie
abandonnant la cause la plus faite pour toucher une ame genereuse, paraît
se preter aux vues du Chef Frarn;:ais pour la subjugation de l ' Espagne.
Tout en gemissant sur un tel malheur pour la Justice, la morale, et
l 'humanite, le soussigne ne laisse pas de former les memes voeux qu' i l a
dej a anonces pour qu'une paix honorable et solide puisse se conclure
entre la Sublime Porte et la Russie.
Cependant il ne peut se dispenser de representer a son Excellence
le Reis Efendi d'une maniere franche et amicale (tel que le
renouvellement des anciennes relations entre Ies deux Empires semble
l ' autoriser) comme la conduite de la Russie a cette occasion doit
augmenter le danger auquel la Sublime Porte s ' exposera en permettant a
cette puissance de s' etablir sur le Danube et surtout dans la Servie, soit
par une pacification qui lui cederait Ies provinces limitrophes de cette
fleuve, soit en la laissant plus long temps dans l 'occupation paisible de
ces provmces.
Le soussigne croit aussi de voir observer a la Sub lime Porte qu' en
opposant une resistance ferme et vigoureuse a toute pretention
d' aggrandissement pareil, la Sublime Porte se mettra dans le cas de
profiter, d 'une maniere affectuelle, des bonnes dispositions du Roi a son
egard et par une sage combinaison de ses moyens avec ceux de Sa
210
Maj este de porter des coups decisifs a l'ennemi commun des deux
Empires.

99
R . Adair către G. Canning despre posibilitatea iniţierii

·
negocierilor de pace ruso-turce; ruşii pretind graniţa la Dunăre.

Perspectivele unei alianţe anglo-austro-turce şi demersurile diplomatice
din jurul ei spre a constrânge Rusia la ruperea alianţei cu Franţa.
Conversaţiile lui R. Adair cu căpitanul <John> Stewart de pe fregata
„Sea Horse " in legătură cu perspectivele unui atac naval britanic in
Marea Neagră.
Sir,
I had the honour of receiving your dispatches No. 1 1 and 1 2 on

the 23rd ultimo.
In anxious expectation of the Powers you announces an intention
of sending out to me to conclude a treaty or triple Alliance between Great
Britain, Austria, and the Porte, I now proceed to lays before you what has
already been done towards that object since I had the honour of writing to
you last, by which you also perceive the nature of the difficulties which
retard it for the present.
You will have seen by my letter to Count Stadion inclosed in my
No. 1 1 that I had already endeavoured to lay a foundation for entering
into communications with the Court of Vienna on the expediences of
forming a defensive alliance, including Sweden, grounded on the
mysterious nature of the subsisting relations between Russia and France.
My conferences at the Dardanelles, as my dispatches from thence
will have informed you, had prepared the Turkish Government for the
discussion of such a proposition, and although for obvious reasons I have
hitherto deemed it expedient to abstain from biginning the matter forward
21 1
in any direct shape, every stage I have taken since my arrival has had that
object steadily in view.
The ottoman Ministers, as far as I can judge, are well inclined to
this measure in its principie. If however, they can obtain Peace from
Russia without it, much will remain to be overcome before they be
induc ed to accede to a system the sure consequence of which must be war
with France. The peace with Russia is now what occupies them solely and
untill that shall be settled on a fair and solid basis, or untill all hope of an
accomodation shall be at an end, I can have but little expectation of
making any material progress towards the establishment of a system
which would connect the Port so closely with Great Britain.
The course therefore which I have taken, and which untill the
arrival of information from Jassy I find it most expedient to persevere in,
is that of endeavouring to convince this govemment first that they are
gui lty of a most fatal errour in persuading themselves that Russia will
restore the provinces which she occupies, and secondly, that i f the Porte
should cede them by Treaty there will be an end of the Ottoman Empire
in Europe.
The expectation of obtaining the restitution of their provinces
appears to be founded on the mission of a Russian officer, sent by Prince
Prosorowsky on November with an invitation to negociate directly and
independent of the mediation of France. Nothing can be more
unsatisfactory than the conclusion drown form this circumstance by the
Turks, especially when it is known that at Erfurt Bonaparte abandoned
them to their fate.
The purpose of all my representation, which I omit no opportunity
of bringing before the ministers, is to convince them that i f they expect
the recovery of Moldovia and W allachia, or i f they wish to induce Russia
to come into any tolerable terms with respect to S ervia, they must make
the most vigorous demonstrations and immediately assemble an army on
the Danube. I have pointed out of them, (although one would scarcely
think it necessary) that if they are seriously determined not to cede the
territories in question, the war with Russia must begin afresh, and
consequently that they will be working for allies to support it. These
Allies can only be Great Britain and Austria; but how can they expect
assistance from either unless they first put themselves in a situation to
profit by it. Could Great Britain trust a fleet in the Black Sea without
security for its retum ? and what security is there that the Russians with
not be in pofession of the castles on the Bosphorus, unless a Turkisch
army be in readiness to prevent their passage over the Danube? With
212
regard to any assistance from Austria, they must consider that it can only
be afforded them in the event of Russia attacking that power in concert
with France; and even then that her own territories must be her principal
care.
In pressing these considerations I have most strongly
recommended that it upon the rupture of the negociations they should find
themselves unequal to crossing the Danube and acting offensively against
Russia in Wallachia, they should immediately make an attack on the
Crimea.
With regard to the negociations about be opened at Jassy, I have
had some conferences with Vaahid Efendi, who is the only person I can
trust, or even see without ceremony, and who appear to be much
consulted by the govemment. In one of our earliest interviews, after
conversing with him of the probable effect of the English peace upon the
negociations had been given to Galib Efendi (the Ottoman
Plenipotentiary) with regard to the hight in which he was to represent it
and the use he was to make of it, I proposed to him, in order to strengthen
the hands of their Negociator, to deliver în two notes to the Porte the first
of which should contain general expressions of a whish ( ! ) for peace
between the Porte and Russia, and the second a strong exhortation not to
permit Russia to establish herself on the Danube.
The use to be made of these notes was that they should be
transmitted to Galib Efendi to be produced by him at the conferences
according as he might find Russia disposed to give way, or to insist upon
the great point of the boundary of the Danube.
In order to make them agree better with the purpose for which
they were intended, as well as with a view to the principles on which my
future proceedings must be guided, the first of these notes was dated the
28 1h of January, two days after my arrival here, and the second on the 22m 1
february shortly after my receiving from Malta His Maj esty's declaration
of the l 5 1h of December.
This proposal has been taken into consideration by the Ottoman
Govemment, and on mature deliberation agreed to. I accordingly prepare
the two papers enclosed, which after having been delivered in to the
Sultan, and as I am informed much approved by him were forwarded to
Galib Efendi . The substance of these papers will necessarily form the
basis of any future proposal which may be made to this govemment to
become a member of a general alliance.
The measure of which I have here given you an account were
communicated fully to the Austria minister. From the extreme <lelicacy of
213
his situation however and the nccessity there is that Austria should avoid
all suspicion of being concemed in encouraging the Turks to resist it, the
Internunces ( ! ) can afford me no other aid except that of showing me his
instructions. With a view to these circumstances of Austria I took upon
myself to address the enclosed letter to Prince Prosorowsky and I sent a
duplicate of it to Count Stadion inclosed in a letter of which I also
transmit the copy.
Since I received His Maj esty's Declaration which of course I
consider in the light of an instruction for any conduct, I can no longer
hope for any direct success from overtures of this nature; nor would it
prosper without your orders to respect them; yet as my letters from
Vienna do not speak in absolute despair on the subj ect of Russia, and as at
all events the Austrian cabinet by transmitting this overture to Prince
Swartzenberg ( ! ) will have the merit of endeavouring to relieve Russia
from her embarassments, I saw no reason to hesitate in taking a step
which might afford a chance however distant of having useful and which
I already find has proved highly gratifying to the Porte.
This system of conci liation and menace I find to be perfectly
conforniable to the vi ews of the Court of Vienna and conseqeuntly that i t
i s the method most calculated to promote the proj ect of an alliance in that
quarter. Long before this dispatch can reach England you will have
received the proposals of Austria and a specification of her view. The
general nature of those view, also the sending of a secret mission to
London, have been communicated to me directly by Count Stadion. The
impossibility (as I should suppose) of complying with his first and most
prominent demand, will reduce probably, the chance of alLance for the
present to the simple hope of restoring our diplomatick ( ! ) relations with
the Court of Vienna. In Count Stadion 's letter to me it is expressly stated
that the whole of the Austrian movements both in council and in the field,
will depend upon our agreeing to the subsidy and most particularly to the
immediate advance under the head of premiere mise en campagne. But
the force of events will leave Austria no choice upon this subj ect. In the
mean time I have written to apprize Count Stadion that I was in daily -
expectation of receiving both Powers and Instructions which would inable
me to speak distinctly to - all the points of his communication.
I did not omit acquainting him that previously to all other
engagements the state of peace between Great Britain and Austria must be
restored. When your instructions arrive I shall see whether it be intended
by His Maj esty' s Govemment that these relations should be restored by a
formal treaty, but in order to save much valuable time I have apprized
214
Count Stadion of the difference of opinion on this subject which regard to
the precise relations in which our two countries now stand towards each
other I know that at Vienna it is not admitted that we are at war;
consequently they would not at first see the necessity of a formal
instrument to restore peace. Acting on this persuasion the Austrian
Government might neglect to furnish their Plenipotentiary (supposing one
to be sent to treat with me at Constantinople) with the proper powers, and
consequently all the time which would be required to obtain them would
be lost. This incovenience will I trust now be obviated.
On the whole I think it will appear that this bussiness of alliance
can only be brought about in one of the three following cases - first if
Russia should directly take part with France and continue the war against
Turkey. Secondly i f Russia should make peace with Turkey restoring the
provinces and remaining perfectly neuter in the impending contest.
Thirdly if Russia should return again to her true policy and j oin us. This
last case I took upon to be quite desperate. I confine myself therefore to
the first.
Dispatches from Prince Schwartzenberg were expected to arrive at
Vienna about the end of February. From these it was supposed that
Austria would know what the had to depend upon from the Emperor
Alexander. If his determination should be to join France, the hopes of a
triple alliance will rest entirely on our being able to prevent the Turkish
peace.
If the second case should happen I think an alliance may also be
brought about but then this case cannot itself be produc ed except through
the operation of fear on the mind of the Emperor Alexander.
If the probability of either preventing the conclusion of a
disadvantageous peace by the Turks or of persuading them to act with
vigour in order to force Russia into restitution and neutrality I can form
no judgement before the arrival of the report of the first conferences at
Jassy. But in any event it appears to me of the utmost importance that I
should be enabled to support the language of my second note. Count
Stadion' s letter to me is decisive with regard to the cession of the
provinces. With Russia so close on her eastern frontier Austria can make
no effort to the west and the only method of securing her on that side (if
peace be not restored on the terms we wish) will be by carrying on the
war in such a manner as to occupy Russia seriously on her own frontiers.
It is this consideration which makes me recommend so strenuously an
attack on the Crimea.
215
I havc written fully and confidentially to Lord Collingwood upon
this point by Capt<ain> Stewart of the Sea-Horse who is upon the eve oh
his departure to join him. In my letter I have reminded bis - Lordship of
aur conversation at Cadiz and of the opinion he then expressed on
discussing with me that article of my instructions which related to an
expedition to the Black Sea. I took the liberty of representing to bis
Lordship at that period the great change in the affairs of Europe which is
bringing us again into contact with Austria, was not in immediate
contemplation and that consequently the danger the apprehended from a
sudden change of system in Turkey or from the occupation of the forts of
the Bosphorus before a British squadron could retum from the Black Sea
was no longer to be apprehended or was not of a nature to counterbalance
the immense advantage, on the present state of continental affairs of
keeping Russia in alarm for her non possesions.
I then strongly recommende to bis Lordship, to consent to the
demand of naval co-operation in the Black Sea if the Turks should require
it, and i f his means would permit it. I have alsa requested C apt<ain>
Stewart to inform his Lordship of various matter respecting our situation
which I cannot pmdently commit to paper. Capt<ain> Stewart who was
seen the Castles both the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles is decidely of
opinion to venture a Squadron in the Black Sea. I really think the menace
of attacking Sevastopolis would materially assist the conclusion of the
Russian peace on fair terms and secure her neutrality; consequently that
this great obstacle to the triple alliance on the side of Austria would be
dane a way . . . . .
Robert Adair
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/63, f. 1 43 - 1 48 v,

1 00
Pera, 1 809, martie 25
Stratford Canning, secretar britanic de ambasadă la Poartă, către

G. Canning analizând situaţia militară a Imperiului Otoman care nu i se
pare atât de inferioară faţă de adversarul său Rusia ţaristă. Principatele
Dunărene, ocupate de ruşi şi Serbia, sub Caragheorghe, sunt singurele
216
provincii pierdute temporar de Poartă. Trecerea in revistă a forţelor ce
apără pe turci la Dunăre, în Bosnia, Croaţia şi strâmtorile. Puterea şi
numărul pieselor de artilerie turcă. Situaţia flotei otomane şi starea
finanţelor Imperiului. Racilele administrativ-financiare ale sistemului de
arendare al veniturilor statului, practicat de Poartă.
Publicat de Ceda Mij atovic, op. cit. , p. 68 - 69, nr. 56, fără indicaţie de
cotă.
101
Londra, 1 809, martie, fără zi
F. Summerers reclamă guvernului britanic plata neîntârziată a

dobânzilor datorate diferiţilor negustori străini greci, turci, evrei, ruşi şi
austrieci care l-au împrumutat pentru a-şi acoperi cheltuielile făcute în
slujba consulatului englez din Principate şi care se ridică la suma de 5
338 lire sterline, 1 5 şilingi şi 1 O penny.
Londres Ie Mars 1 809
En presentant au Govemment de Sa Maj este le compte d'interets

des sornmes empruntes des divers marchands pour le Service Public, j e
vois pouvoir saisir cette opportunite l'honneur d e lui exposer
formellement que telles quelles puissent etre les observations que l'on
peut me faire sur cet object soit sur la somme qui s' est accumule soit qu'il
n'est pas peut etre d'usage d' accorder ceci a d' autres employes, la nature
de mes transactions etant extraordinaire il est juste et digne de la Grande
Nation que l'on fasse une exception a la regie et si, l'on ne trouve pas a
propos de le faire sous la denomination d'interets il sera bien facile aux
Ministres de Sa Maj este de Ies faire payer comme indemnisation des
pertes que j ' ai faites ou pour gratification extraordinaire de mes services a
l' armee Rus se & &.
11 est de notoriete publique que n'ayant par des fonds a moi pour
subvenir aux depenses extraordinaires pour le service de Sa Majeste, j e
prenois aux interets des sommes, que les negotiants Russes et Autrichiens
me foumissoient a mesure que le Service Public le requerirt ( ! ) . Sur
plusieurs de ces sommes j ' ai ete oblige a foumir, pour garantie,
l'influence du Consul de Russie, qui les assuroient du payment. Aussitât
217
que le Gouvemement de Sa Majcste pourra, il Ies auroient remboursees.
Les intercts communs dans tout l'Empire ottoman sont de 1 2806
p<iast>res par annee, une autre coutume plus ruineuse encore gui existe
generalement, est, gue si l'on ne peut pas payer de chague annee Ies
interets, ccs interets deviennent capital sans autre formalite. Tel est
l' usage etabli, tous doivent passer par la et il n'y ( ! ) a pas de Cour de
Justice en Turquie gui pouvoit prevenir cet usage. Comme le freguent
changement des Ambassadeurs de Sa Majeste a Constantinople et des
Ministres a Londres n'avoit pas permis jusgu a present de terminer mes
comptes avec le Govemement de Sa Majeste, toutes Ies sommes ainsi gue
leurs interets restent a etre payees par moi .
Telles obscrvations dej a dont le Govemement de Sa Maj este peut
m 'honnorer, ne pomTont d' aucune maniere obliger Ies marchandes des
divers nations gui m'ont foumis de l'argent pour le Service de Sa Maj este
a desister de leurs interets. Quel devoir avoient ils Ies negociants Russes,
Autrichiens et d' autres a me forunir de l 'argent et le faire a leur perte et
sans percevoir leur interets? Comment forcer ces gens a ne pas suivre les
interets communs et en usage en Turguie? Comrne l ' on ne pourroit pas
forcer des negotians Anglais a faire des sacrifices sur leur interets pour le
Gouvemement, a plus forte raison l ' on ne pourroit pas forcer des
negocians etrangers a faire des pareils sacrifices. Dois-j e en etre la
victime de la somme de f 5 3 3 8 . 1 5 . 1 o gue j e dois payer a ces negotiants
etrangers pour Comptes de leur interets? Est-il juste et eguitable de la part
de Gouvemement de Sa Maj este me faire miner par cette perte? Seroit i l
peut etre digne d u caractere generaux d e l a Nation Anglaise de
recompenser mon travail, mon zele et fidelite en me refusant ce gui est
juste et manifeste?
Si le Govemement de Sa Maj este a reconnu la validite de mes
Comptes, il ne peut sans offenser ses sentiments de grandeur, se refuser a
ce simple acte de j ustice. Un coup d'oeil j ette sur toutes Ies affaires de
mon poste suffit pour engager les Ministres de Sa Maj este a ne pas
permettre gue j e sois plus long temps accable sous le poid de ces Comptes
et leurs interets. Je ne demande, gue ce gui est juste et eguitable. En
autant gu' on rettard ( ! ) de finir ces Comptes en autant Ies interets
deviennent plus ruinneaux ( ! ) .
le supplie le Govemement de Sa Maj este a daigner prendre en
consideration Ies comptes gui accompagnent cet expose et dont j e suis
pret a prendre sennent sur chague ( ! ) des articles gui Ies composent.
Fr. Summerers
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/7 1 , f. 49 v0 - 52;

218
1 02
!anina, 1809, aprilie 9
Căpitanul W M. Leake către G. Canning despre informaţiile

primite de Ali < de Tebelen> paşă <de !anina> cu privire la atitudinea
Rusiei care ar fi sistat negocierile cu turcii, la auzul ştirii că Poarta ar
intenţiona să încheie pacea cu Marea Britanie. Dregătorii otomani au
încercat să câştige timp, pretextând că se aşteaptă numirea unui nou
vizir, < Yusuf Ziya paşa>, dar n-au acceptat expulzarea lui Robert Adair,
reclamată de ruşi. Poarta a trimis instrucţii guvernatorilor de provincii
privind întreruperea negocierilor de pace cu ruşii şi eventualitatea unui
război cu Franţa. Guvernanţii de la Constantinopol au comunicat lui Ali
paşa imposibilitatea în care se află de a-l ajuta cu bani, trupe sau
furnituri militare, invitându-l să-şi asigure singur apărarea paşalâcului
său.
Fragment publicat de Ceda Mij atovic, op. cit„ p. 73, doc. 65, fără
indicaţie de cotă.
1 03
Pera, 1809, aprilie 18
R. Adair către G. Canning despre mobilizarea trupelor otomane

în marş spre Dunăre din pricina ameninţărilor ruse. Ruşii au dezlănţuit
ostilităţile la 5 aprilie, după întoarcerea emisarului trimis de prinţul
general <Alexandr Alexandrovici> Prozorovski ce a părăsit
Constantinopolul la 24 martie.
Fragment publicat de Ceda Mij atovic, op. cit. , p. 69, doc. 57, fără
219
1 04
?era, I 809, aprilie <c. 20>
R. Adair către G. Canning despre starea de haos şi dezorgan izare

din Jmperilll Otoman, unde tulburările, care au costat viaţa marelui vizir
Mllstafa Bairaktar, au provocat mari daune, la care s-au adăugat
pierderile de provizii şi furnituri militare suferite în urma incendiilor de
la Constantinopol.
Fragment publicat de Ceda Mij atovic, op. cit„ p. 70, doc . 5 8, fără
1 05
Londra, 1 809, aprilie 23
G. Canning către R. Adair aducându-i la cunoştinţă ratificarea

tratatlllui de pace dintre Marea Britanie şi Imperiul Otoman de către
suveran. Inco11ve11ientele create prin dublul exemplar al tratatului, în
turcă şi englezâ, neratificat corect de Poartă. Regele < George al III-iea>
a consimţit să ratifice şi articolul adiţional şi secret privitor la subsidiile
acordate turcilor, in speranţa că se vor afla în război cu Franţa.
No. 3
Foreign Office, 23 111 April 1 809
S ir,
I herewith transmit to You, His Maj esty's ratification of the Treaty

of peace concluded by you and the plenipotentiary of the Turkish
Govemment on the 5th of January and received here on the gth past
Month.
I am commanded by His Majesty to signify to you, His Maj esty's
gracious approbation of your conduct of this negotiation - of the
firmness, temper and perseverence which you have manifested unde all
the difficulties and delays which attented the progress of the Treaty, and
of the terms upon which it has been finally concluded.
220
It is necessary for me, nevertheless, to observe to you that the
manner in which the instrument is drawn up has been productive of some
embarassment; so much so indeed, as to render it for some time matter of
hesitation whether it could be ratified in the form in which it has been
sent home.
It is the invariable practice that the signatures of the
plenipotentiaries of each of the Contracting parties are affixed to two
original Instruments; instead of being, as in the present instance,
separately affixed, one to the original and one to a translated Copy. A
Treaty is usually drawn up, either in a Language is not that of either
contracting Party, but which is adopted by mutual consent or it is drawn
up at the same time in he languages of both Powers. Then one of the
signed Copies therefore was in the Turkish Language, the other regularly
ought to have been in English and both Copies, whether both French, or
one Turkish and one English, ought to have been signed by both
Plenipotentiaries.
The language indeed is comparatively a consideration of much
less difficulty than the separate Signatures; this separation having
superinduced the necessity of His Majesty' s ratifiying what is in fact not
an original instrument; not having the original signature of the Turkish
negotiatior affixed to it.
After full consideration however of the inconvenience which
would arise from retuming the Treaty without ratification, on whatever
granted, it has been decided to pass over the informality of the
Instrument, and to retum it ratified by His Majesty.
You will perceive, that His Majesty has also consented to ratify
the additional and secret Article, relative to pecuniary Succours. But it is
to be indistinctly understood, that His Majesty has been induced to
acquiesce on this Article totaly by the desire of notifying His disposition
to assist the Porte in the event of a war commanded against the Porte by
France and in that event alone. It is therefore His Maj esty's pleasure, that
you should not present the ratification of this Article for exchange, unless
that event shall have actually occurred. But, if that should not be the case,
you are still, if required by the Turkish Govemment authorized to deliver
in a note, stating His Majesty's willingness to aford the assistance for
which this Article stipulates, in the event of such attack from France.
It would have been unnecessary to have observed this precaution
in respect to the Article in question had it been similar to the other four
separate and secret Articles, all of which are made contingent upon the
event of War with France. The omission of that qualification in the body
22 1
of the additional Article, makes the ratification in itself unconditional, and
occasions therefore the necessity of withholding it until the case shall
have occured.
In explaining the sense in which this Article is agreed to, you will
be careful to point the expectation of the Turks, rather to supplies of
military Stores & than to actual remittance in Species, which the present
state of the world renders . . . impracticable to any considerable degree.
1
<G. Canning>
[Adresa:] Mr. Adair

Draft to Mr. Adair
25 April, 1 809 (No. 3) Foreign Office
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/63, f. 7 - 9 v; copie

în 1. engleză.
1 06
Londra, 1 809, aprilie 25
G. Canning către R. Adair înştiinţându-l de satisfacţia

suveranului, <regele George al III-iea>, faţă de activitatea depusă la
Poartă şi încheierea tratatului de pace cu turcii. Suveranul a dispus să
continue a-l lăsa să activeze mai departe în calitate de ambasador la
Poartă, dar dacă doreşte să se întoarcă în patrie nu există nici o piedică.
Foreign Office
April 2 5 1h 1 809
No. 4
Sir,
I have not failed to lay before His Majesty Your humble Request
to be permitted to retum home, on account of your private Affairs.
But His Majesty being graciously pleased to manifest His Approbation of
your Services in the Conclusion of the Treaty, by nominating you to be
His Majesty's Ambassador at the Sublime Porte, I have received His
1 indescifrabil
222
Maj esty' s Commands to transmit to Your Excellency His Majesty's
Letters of Credence which you will present in the Form usually observed
by His Maj esty's Ambassadors at that Court.
I am, however, at the same Time to inform you, that in compliance
with your Request, I shall receive His Maj esty's Commands to transmit to
you by the Messenger who will be the Bearer of the Present, your Letters
of Recall, of which you will be at Liberty to avail yourself, i f you are still
desirous of returning to England.
(signed) Geo<rge> Canning
[Adresa:] Mr. Adair

1 07
London, 1 809, aprilie 25
G. Canning către R. Adair comunicându-i instrucţiunile date de

Amiralitate armatorilor Baring & Co de a procura provizii pentru flota
britanică din depozitele aflate în porturile ruse din Marea Neagră; în
acest scop se solicită toată asistenţa pentru William Meyer (Ma ir) căruia
urma să i se deconteze cheltuielile făcute în această privinţă.
Foreign Office
April 25 th 1 809
No. 5
Sir,
I transmit to you herewith for your information, Copies of the

instructions which the Commissioners of the Navy have addressed to
Mess<ieu>rs Baring Mair & Co upon the subject of procuring supplies of
Naval Stores for the use of His Majesty from the Russian Ports in the
Black Sea; and I am to desire that your afford to Mr. William Mair who is
employed on this service, such assistance as you may be of opinion will
best conduce to the success of the undertaking; and that you approve, by
your signature, any Bills which Mr. William Mair may have occasion to
draw on the Commissioners of the Navy, in payment for articles of Naval
223
Sores which he may he able to purchase, in pursuance of the instructions
which he has received from that Board.
l am &
George Canning
[Address : ] Mr. Adair
0
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 7 8/63 , f. 1 3 - 1 3 v ;
copie.
1 08
Pera, 1 809, aprilie 26
R. Adair către G. Canning despre dificultăţile întâmpinate de

fusu/ Ziya paşa spre a fi acceptat ca mare vizir de către ieniceri. După
moartea lui Mustafa paşa Baiaktar imperiul a rămas practic fără
conducător, căzând în anarhie. Au fost trimise trupe la Dunăre, care în
parte au dezertat prădând regiunile adiacente sub steagurile unor rebeli
ca ayanul de Şumla sau Pehlivan aga. După reluarea ostilităţilor cu ruşii,
aceştia au fost totuşi înfrânţi de trei ori la Dunăre, suferind pierderi de
vreo 20. OOO de oameni. Turcii au obţinut succese şi împotriva sârbilor.
Extras publicat de C . Mijatovic, op. cit. , p. 70, nr. 59, fără indicaţie de
cotă.
1 09
Londra, 1 809, mai 8
G. Canning către R. Adair exprimându-şi dezamăgirea că nu s-a

putut face încă schimbul ratificării tratatului de pace anglo-otoman, ce
trebuia însoţit de trimiterea unor daruri către sultanul <Mahmud al 11-
lea> ; spre a nu mai întârzia procedura încuviinţează înmânarea către
sultan a unui pumnal îmbogăţit cu diamante, ca dar.
224
Foreign Office May 8 1 809
No. 6
Sir,
My other Dispatches accompanying the Ratifications of the

Treaty have been for some Time prepared, and have been delayed in the
hope that the Presents intended for the Exchange of the Ratifications
(according to the List which you inclosed), might have been ready to be
sent at the same Time.
Having been dissapointed in this Expectation, I think it right no
longer to delay the Transmission of the Ratifications; but I hope in the
course of a few days to send another Messanger with the presents. The
Present however which is intended for the Grand Signior Himself, being a
Dagger enriched with Diamonds, is now actually at Constantinople and I
inclose a Letter from His Maj esty's Jewellers to their Correspondent in
that Capital authorizing its' Delivery to you.
You will present it in the proper Form to the Grand Signior with
suitable Expressions of His Maj esty's Friendship & Re gard.
(Signed) Geo<rge> Canning
[Adresa:] Mr. Adair
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/63 , f. 1 5 - 1 5 v;

copie în I. engleză.
1 10
Londra, 1 809, mai 9
G. Canning către R. Adair despre încheierea unui tratat de

alianţă între Marea Britanie şi Austria, semnat de premierul englez şi
trimisul extraordinar de la Viena <contele Ludwig von Wallmoden
Gimborn>. Datorită încheierii acestui tratat i se anulează acţiunile ce
trebuia să le întreprindă şi transmise prin William Meyer (Mair). I se
acordă toate împuternicirile spre a încheia un tratat de triplă alianţă
între Marea Britanie, Austria şi Imperiul Otoman cu respectarea
autonomiei Principatelor.
225
Foreign Office
1
May 9 11 1 809
No. 7
Sir,
The delay in the transmission of the Ratifications of the Turkish

Treaty, has enabled me to send to you, at the same time, the Copy of a
Treaty of Peace, Friendship and alliance, which was signed here by Count
Wallmiden on the part of the Emperor of Austria, & by myself on that of
His Maj esty, on the 24111 of last Month.
I send, at the same time, Copies of all the Communications which
have taken place between this Court and that of Vienna since the date of
my last dispatches.
By the Negociation and Conclusion of this Treaty, the Full Powers
'"
which were sent to you by Mr. Meyer cease to be applicable to the
purpose for which they were designed.
But in Event of Austria being desirous of becoming Party to a
triple Alliance with Great Britain and Turkey, by acceding to the Treaty
of Peace, which you have concluded, these Powers will enable you to sign
such a Treaty:which, is, after all, the most advisable form by which such
triple Connection would be established.
In any such Treaty, however, you will be careful not to admit an
Article guaranteying the Dominions of either Power.
I am &
(signed) Geo<rge> Canning
[Adresa:] Mr. Adair

•Prin instrucţiunile transmise din Londra la 29 aprilie 1 809, Adair era împuternicit de
Canni �g să se adreseze lui William Mair & CC? spre a procura provizii din porturile
.
ruseşti dm Marea Neagră pentru flota britanică. In noua situaţie Marea Britanie nu mai
putea conta pe concursul Rusiei, binevoitoare faţă de Franţa lui Napoleon Bonaparte.
226
111
Pera, 1 809, iunie 3
R. Adair către G. Canning despre instabilitatea politică ce

domneşte în Imperiul Otoman, acceptarea cu greutate de către ieniceri a
lui Yusuf Ziya paşa ca mare vizir. Perspectivele reluării ostilităţilor ruso
turce, ca mijloc de presiune asupra Porţii. Evaluarea relaţiilor acesteia
din urmă cu A ustria şi alte ţări europene.
Pera, June 3 rd 1 809

Sir,
The unsettled situation of affairs in this country has induced me

hitherto to defer sending you any account of the composition of the
Ottoman administration, and consequently of what may be expected from
it in the present crisis. I seize a moment of apparent harmony among the
several orders to transmit to you some particulars on this subj ect which, if
not so ample as I could wish contain what I can depend upon as accurate.
The difficulty of persuading the janissaries to accept Jusuf Pacha
for Grand Vizier delayed his arrival at Constantinople untill the end of
april. During this long period from the death of Mustapha, the Ottoman
Empire may be said to have been without a Government. The heads of the
different departments confined themselves to the details of their severa}
charges. No man would undertake the responsability of a general
measure. The obvious consequences ensued. Public business in all its
essential parts, was at a stand. Councils indeed were continually held but
without leading to any result. Nothing was done to get an army: nothing
to gain the confidence of the Janissaries, nothing at least either
sufficiently decisive or sufficiently honest to be successful. The obstinate
refusal of that body to receive any Grand Vizier without some security for
his being disposed in their favour and the difficulty of finding such
security where confidence had ceased to exist produced a long series of
j ealousies and discontents with which, untill within these few days, the
capital has been incessantly distracted.
The disorders in the provinces continued with a little intermission.
Government indeed appeared every where to be fallen into such a state of
relaxation as to have lost the means of acting right even when it was
supported by the public sentiment. Nothing can so truly characters both
the nature and the source of these disorders as what has passed at the
227
frontiers upon the renewal of hostilities with Russia. I have already had
the honour of inforrning you to what degree the spirit of the people was
roused by the insolent demand made at the end of March by that power.
Some degree of vigour seemed alsa to have been inspired into the
Ministry on that occasion. Great activity prevailed in all the war
departments. [Urmează descrierea pregătirilor de război şi a situaţiei
dintre marele vizir şi ieniceri] . Of anything so loose and indeterminate as
the foreign politics of the Porte I should in vain endeavour to speak with
precision. The Turks, as you know, never were very desirous of
Christinian alliances. The common danger connected them with Great
Britain and Russia in 1 798 but after France had, by her artifices dissolved
that un ion and brought on the war of i 806, the Porte was thrown back
upon her old system, and became, by our being obliged to take part in that
war, more than ever dissociated from the community of Europe. Austria
indeed was too nearly interested in the fate o f Turkey not to cultivate her
friendship with the mast anxious care, but such was the situation even of
Austria that she was compelled to restrict herself to the common good
offices of a friendly power, without venturing to look forward to a nearer
connection.
I was not suprised therefore to find that Austria did not enj oy at
this Court the consideration due to so near and so faithful a neighbour.
But in the distance which Turkey observed towards her there was at least
as much fear as indifference.
General Sebastiani had left such impressions of terror on the
minds of the Turks, such a belief that Bonaparte' s power was irresistible,
that in the midst of the distresses of the war with Russia, and after a full
descovery of the designs of France both at Tilsit and at Erfurt, they did
not dare to address an overture to Austria or even to ask an explanation of
her intentions in the event of any attempt to execute the proj ect of
partition.
The absolute nullity of all the other continental powers renders
their relations with this Empire of little account. Thus at this time of
signing the Peace with Great Britain the Turks stood alone, unregarded,
and devoted to immediate ruin. That event again connected them with the
common destinies. But unfortunately they cannot yet be made to see that
to avail themselves o f this last chance, they must act like Austria and
declare war against a Power which for the third time they have detected in
contriving their destruction.
For the present, therefore, the whole system of their foreign policy
appears to be limited to the renewal of their relations with Great Britain.
228
Their behaviour consequently under these relations will be the test
of principles of the Grand Vizier's foreign administration.
[Alte consideraţii asupra politicii externe otomane]
Rober Adair
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/63, f. 254- 265 v;
112
Londra, 1 809, iulie 6
F. Summerers către guvernul britanic arătând că deşi i s-au plătit

datoriile de aproape 1 O OOO de lire sterline ]acute în timpul activităţii
sale de consul În Principatele Dunărene, totuşi i se mai datorează
dobânzile la sumele Împrumutate de la diferiţi negustori străini spre
acoperirea cheltuielilor]acute pentru întreţinerea sa.
Londres 6 J uillet 1 809
Le Suppliant a l 'honneur d' exposer au Gouvemement de Sa

Maj este, qu' ayant agi depuis Janvier 1 803 en qualite de Resident
Britannique aupres des Cours des Hospodars de la Wallachie et Moldavie,
n'a pas re<;u son salaire depuis cette epoque jusqu'a ce jour a cet effet il
supplie le Gouvemement de Sa Majeste a vouloir bien prendre en
consideration Ies memoires a ce suj et qu 'il a fait passer au Departement
des Affaires Etraneres et de daigner bien en fixer le payement.
Fr. Summerers
Londres 6 J uillet 1 809
L' exposant honneur de representer tres humblemant au

Gouvemement de Sa Maj este qu'ayant agi depuis Janvier 1 803 en qualite
Hospodars de la Wallachie et Moldavie, îl a ete oblige d' emprunter
d'environ dix mille Livres Sterling pour subvenir aux besoins et depenses
publiques et secrettes ( ! ) de son poste.
Fr. Summerers n'etant pas des parents riches pour faire ces frais
de ses propres fonds et pousse par son zele pour le Service de Sa Maj este,
229
prit ( ! ) sur soi d'emprunter en diverses reprises aux interets, la somme
d'environs dix miile Livres Sterling gui forment le Capital des Comptes
que le Gouvemement daigna gracieusement lui faire payer en demier lieu.
Le suppliant auroit desire avoir pu etre a meme de presenter son
Corupte d'interets, avec ceux du capital, mais il a ete empeche par le
manque de certains papiers qu'il vient de recevoir de la Turquie.
Fr. Summerers implore l'attention du Gouvemement de Sa
Majeste sur une transaction aussi juste que digne de la generosite des
Ministres du Roi, des sommes empruntees pour le Service Public et
Secret. Quoigu 'il ne soit pas peut-etre la coutume d' accorder cette Grâce
a d'autres, le Suppliant espere gu'on voudra faire une exception a la regle
apres avoir parcouru le memoire qu 'il a fait passer a cet effet au
Depa11ement des Afaires Etrangeres.
Serait-il juste gue des negociants Russes, Autrichiens, Grecs,
Armeniens empruntassent de l 'argent au Resident Britannique a
Boucharest pour le Service immediat de son Govemement, sans re9evoir
Ies interets des sommes empruntees? Serait-il juste gue le Soussigne en
soit victime et force a payer ces interets? Si telle est la maniere qu'on
envisagea cette transaction, ceux gui ont accredite Fr. Summerers en sa
gualite d 'Employe du Govemement Britannique sont en droit de reclamer
l ' interet de leur argent.
Les Comptes presentes par Francis Summerers, payes,
demierement par le Gouvemement de Sa Maj este, n'ont rien de commun
avec Ies interets. Ces Comptes ont ete presentes sous serment et le
Suppliant n'a pas hesite a declarer comme i l sera pret a pouver dans
toutes Ies occasions gu'il n'a ose ni j amais penser ( ! ) tirrer ( ! ) le moindre
avantage sur Ies Comptes, gui n'ont rien a faire avec le payement des
interets gui forment I' obj et de Sa pri ere.
Francis Summerers reposant sur Ies principes de j ustice gui
caracterisent Ies Ministres de Sa Maj este ose esperer qu' apres avoir
examiner (!) la justice de Sa demande, daigneront bien la prendre en
consideration et en ordonner le payement.
Fr. Summerers
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/66, f. 88 v0 1 8 v,

0
-
f. 90 - 9 1 v ; copie în 1 . franceză.
230
1 13
Pera, 1 809, iulie 1 3
R . Adair către G. Canning privind slabul ecou avut la Poartă

ştirea victoriei arhiducelui Karl asupra francezilor la Aspern în timp ce
aceştia au ocupat Styria, Carintia şi ameninţă Ungaria şi graniţele
Serbiei. Creşterea influenţei cercurilor franceze în rândurile dregătorilor
slabi şi indecişi ai Porţii.
Publicat de C. Mij atovic, op. cit. , p. 7 1 - 72, nr. 62, fără indicaţie de cotă.
1 14
Pera, 1 81 O, ianuarie 26
R. Adair către Gaalib Efendi, reis efendi, despre necesitatea ca

Poarta să-şi menţină neutralitatea, nelăsându-se atrasă de Franţa într-o
alianţă nesinceră. Demască ipocrizia împăratului Napoleon I care şi-a
manifestat pe faţă adeziunea faţă de anexarea Principatelor Dunărene şi
a Finlandei de către Rusia într-un discurs ţinut în faţa Adunării
Legislative de la Paris. Solicită declararea făţişă de către otomani că
prietenia dintre Marea Britanie şi Poartă este indisolubilă.
Copy
Pera, Jan. 26 111 1 8 1 O
Y our Excellency,
[ . . ] The undersigned cannot doubt that the Sublime Porte will,

.
after this last outrage committed by the French, feel the absolute ;t.1ecessity
of rousing itself from that indifference with wich it has hitheri:o viewed
their proceedings in the Archipelago.
·
In the present instance these etemal enemies of all peaceful States

have proceeded a step beyond their forrner outrages, and to a piratical
violation of the Neutrality of the S<ublime> Porte, have added a daring
usurpsation of its sovereignty.
The offender, it is true, has been punished, but the example will be
of no effect unless the Sublime Porte resolve to assert her dignity, and to
maintain her neutrality seriously and with vigour. The undersigned asks
23 1
but for neutrality. He asks but for a state of things which would be
advantageous to France herself as she is the weaker power by sea, i f
deeper and more dangerous designs than the capture of a few merchant
ships did not direct her conduct. The truth is now glaring as the day.
Buonaparte wishes to embroil the Porte with Great Britain, and then to
leave her without a friend in the World, preparatory to his invading her
territories in concert with Russia. He has at lenght thrown off the mask.
Oppenly, and before the assembled People of France, he has proclaimed
his joy that the Emperor of Russia, his friend and Ally, has added
Wallachia and Moldavia to the Russian Empire. These are his own words
in his speech to the Legislative Assembly at Paris on the 3rd o f December
1 809. „Mon ami et allie l ' Empereur de Russie a reuni a son vaste Empire
la Finlande, la Moldavie et la Valachie, et un district de la Galicie. Je ne
suis jaloux de rien de ce qui peut arriver de bien a cet Empire. Mes
• sentiments pour son Illustre Souverain sont d' accord avec ma politique".
Such are the sentiments and such the mani fest views of the French Ruler.
The undersi gned calls on the Ottoman Gouvemement in the name of all it
holds valuable and venerable, to co-operate with him in disappointing
these insidious designs, to adhere resolutely and fairly to its neutral
system, and to show, as he is ready to show on his part, to all the Nations
of the Universe, whether Enemies or Allies, whether Inhabitants of
Europe or Asia, that the friendship between the Sublime Porte and Great
Britain is indissoluble.
The Undersigned requests H<is> E<xcellency> the Reis Efendi to
accept the assurances of his di stinguished Consideration.
Robert Adair
[Pe verso : ] Copy of a Note from

His E<xcellency> Mr. Adair to the
Reis Efendi. Pera, Jan. 26, 1 8 1 O
B
In Mr. Adair' s dispatch No 9
On the capture of the Aigle

French Privateer by the
Pylades Sloop of War in the
Harbour of Scyra.
232
1 15
Londra, 1810, februarie 26
Memoriu adresat de Fr. Summerers guvernului britanic expunând

istoricul activităţii consulare depuse în serviciul Marii Britanii în
Principate, cu lipsurile îndurate din pricina nerecunoaşterii caracterului
oficial al misiunii sale de către autorităţile engleze şi rugămintea de a i se
achita datoriile contractate în timpul serviciului.
Londres le 26 Fevrier 1 8 1 O
En 1 800 j e ffis re9u par Son Excellence My Lord Elgin au Service

de Sa Majeste en qualite d'lnterprete de Son Ambassade Extraordinaire a
Constantinople.
Quelques mois apres Son Excellence ayant besoin d' envoyer
quelqu' un aupres des Hospodars de la Wallachie et Moldavie sous
pretexte de veiller a la surete des Depeches et Communications
Officielles entre I' Angleterre, Vienne, Constantinople et Ies lndes, et
surtout pour faci liter Ies Communications avec I' Arrn e e de l 'Egypte,
recevoir et expedier I ' Or destine pour cette Armee & &. Lord Elgin
m' expedia en Wallachie avec des Instructions confidentielles et pour ne
pas donner le moindre suj et de plaintes et de j alousie a la Cour de St.
Petersbourg me nom<m>a simplement Son Gentilhomme d' Ambassade et
m'accredita sous cette denomination aupres des Hospodars.
C ' etoit justement a l ' Epoque de la Declaration de la Guerre entre
la Russie et le Gouvemement de Sa Majeste. Lord Witworth avoit dej a
quitte St. Petersbourg. 11 etait de la plus grande Importance d'avoir des
details de la Conduite de l 'Empereur Paul de ses Demarches et de ses
Plans militaires. Une circonstance tres heureuse dans cette epoque fut
qu'un de mes Freres, le Chevalier de Kirico, etant Consul de Russie en
Wallachie, m'offroit tous Ies moyens de me rapprocher de ses Affaires; il
falloit le faire avec menagement pour ne pas eveiller l ' attention de
l 'Empereur Paul. C ' est pourquoi My Lord E lgin m' envoya pour le
moment la bas et evita de me donner un Caractere public, pour ne pas se
compromettre dans le cas que la Russie soup9onna que j ' etois la pour
233
cpicr sa conduite. Toutes Ies nouvelles et rapports, que j e pouvois avoir
de ccs pays etoient d ' un interet majeur pour I' Ambassade â
Constantinople, I ' Annec Angloise en Egypte, au Gouvemement de Sa
Maj cste et a Son Alice, la Porte. Je ne devois pas negliger Ies � ffaires au
Cordon de I ' Autriche et I ' lnteret que des Puissances Etrangeres
prennoient a fomenter la discorde et la revolte des Provinces de la
Turquie Europeene. Les Paswand Oglou, Ies Tersenikly oglou et autres
Rebelles et Pachas de la Rumelie me donnoient assez du fil â tordre par la
difficulte q u ' i l y avoit a penetrer dans leurs Conseils et Plans.
J ' ai tâche de rne conduire de maniere a ne pas relever de suite
l 'attention de la Russie, mais soit folie de l 'Empereur Paul, soit qu' i l avoit
partout d' Espions, il decouvrit que mon principal Objet fut de savoir tout
ce qui se passoit. 11 signa, probablement dans un acces de folie, divers
Ukazs par lesquels il ordonnoit a Son Consul Kirico de tâcher a
rn ' elloigner ( ! ) de ces Pays et de faire tous Ies pas requis vers Ies
Hospodars a cet effet.

Je fus assez hemTeux ( ! ) pour eviter l ' orage qui mena<;:oit mon
E tabli ssernent, qui quoique ayant l' exterieur tres precaire et affectant
comme si fe Gourvemement Britannique n'avoit aucun interet direct a le
soutenir, il etoit de la plus grande importance ettant ( ! ) le Centre de toutes
les intrigues de la France et les Cours Limitrophes a la Turquie.
Les soins que la Russie metoit ( ! ) â connaître ma Conduite ne
faisoit qu 'augmenter ma Circonpection, mon Zele et Activi te pour le
service de Sa Majeste. Je dois avouer, que je dois beaucoup au Chevalier
Kirico, qui risqua non seulement de perdre sa place mais d'aller en
Siberie et il doit sa Grâce a un des Ministres favoris de Paul .
Depuis cette epoque l ' Etablissement de Boucharest prit une
ccrtaine consistence, vu l es services que des Circonstances favorab les
m'avoient fait rendre â mes Chefs, qui tous furent contents de moi.
Lord Elgin n' etoit pas authorise a me placer d ' une maniere aussi
stable que Ies Affaires qui augmentoient de j our en j our pouvoient
l ' ex iger et se contenta de me fixer un Salaire de gentilhomme
d' Ambassade, Salaire qui montoit a P<iastres> 4 OOO annuelles, qui
devoient me servir pour le moment et jusqu' â l ' arrivee de Son Excellence
â Londres. Des Circonstances avoient contrarie ce Projet et aussitot que
Lord Elgin quitta Constantinople, Son Banquier me refusa cette somme et
je fus oblige pour tout le temps de mon sej our en Wallachie et Moldavie
d' emprunter de I' Argent pour vivre. Tel est mon Cas, que j e suis pret â
prouver sous Sennent. Son Excellence Lord Elgin avant de quitter la
Turquie me donna toutes Ies marques de sa Bienveillance et m' assura de
234
son aprobation dans toute ma conduite et qu'il se chargeroit a me rendre
mon sort fixe et permanent, il fit de plus et demanda officiellement a la
Porte d' etre reconnu en qualite de Consul du Roi dans les Provinces
Trans-Danubiennes de l ' Empire Ottoman. La Porte y acceda d' autant plus
volontiers, que les Rapports qu'Elle recevoit des Hospodars etoient mon
seulement en ma faveur, mais engageoient la Porte a me faire reconnaitre
au plustot pour tâcher de contrebalancer l 'influence du Commissaire
General des relations Commerciales de la France, qui s' etoit rendu
insuportable par ses demandes exagerees et ses pretensions
Extraordinaires furent de suite evincees en faveur de l ' Etablissement du
Roi en Wallachie et Moldavie et c'est depuis Janvier 1 803 que les Armes
du Gourvemement Britannique ont ete places avec solemnite sur la Porte
de ma Maison et vers cette meme Epoque les Audiences d'usage aupres
des Hospodars ont eu lieux, ainsi que mes visites chez tous Ies Pachas et
Gouvemeurs Turcs des allentours.
Les intrigues de la France augmentoient a point de vue et
l'attention de Bonaparte touma vers Ies Frontieres de la Pologne et les
Pachaliks en Revolte de la Rumelie. Mr. de Reinhard fut expedie dans les
Pays ou j ' ettois ( ! ); il fut revetu du Caractere de Resident de France
aupres Ies Hospodars gui furent embarasses au non plus de cette Mission
Extraordinaire qui avoit pour But non seulement des Intrigues contre Ies
Interets de la Russie mais qui cherchoit d'avoir la suprematie sur tous les
Employes des Cours Etrangeres. Les Princes Mourusy et Ipsilanthy
etoient Ies Hospodars du jour. Mr. le Conseiller d' Etat Bolkounolf ( ! )
etoit l e Representant d e l a Russie. Ces Princes et Mr. de Bolkounoff ne
pouvant d'aucune maniere tolerer l'arrogance et l ' insolence de ce
Reinhart, trouverent qu'il n'y avoit d' autre moyen si ce n ' est de me
reconnaître en qualite de Resident Britannique et de me faire accorder Ies
memes honneurs et distinctions, ce qui a parfaitement reussi; ce que le
Gouvemement de Sa Maj este n'a pas pense allors ( ! ) de faire ne l ' a ete
que par une combinaison de circonstances. Depuis lors Mr. Adair me
reconnut comme tel, m' adressa de Vienne Sa Correspondence en cette
qualite et ses Passeports avec lesquels je suis venu de Vienne et qui, a son
temps, ont ete transmis au Sous Secretaire d' Etat me recconaissent ( ! )
comme tel. A la foite du Prince Ipsilanthy Hospodar de l a Wallachie pour
Petersbourg, j ' ai ete d'une tres grande utilite a ces Pays et c'est a l ' amitie
personelle, que des Pachas avoient eu pour moi que la Wallachie me doit
quelques obligations.
Ypsilanthy representa favorablement ma Conduite a l 'Empereur
Alexandre qui chargea son General en Chef Michelson Commandant
235
I ' Anrn�e du Danube de me remercier a Son Nom et depuis ce jour, soit
chez Ipsilanthy, soit a J ' Annee Russe, l'on m'accorda tous les honeurs ( ! )
dues ( ! ) aux Residents.
Le Divan de la Wal lachie ne me reconnut que pour tel, ce qui fut
un objet de jalousie pour I ' Agent Diplomatique de l 'Autriche.
Quoique je n ' aye pas ete officiellement nome ( ! ) par Sa Maj este a
ce Poste, Ies Circonstance ( ! ) imperieuses furent telles, que le
Gouvemement de Sa Majeste en a tirre les memes avantages sans en avoir
la victime, car ii auroit pu toujours desaprouver ma conduite si le Cas
l'avoit exi ge.
C ' est ainsi que j e me suis tirre (!) d'affaire ayant fait mon devoir
sans me compromettre; c'est a des Evenements heureux que l'on doit
attribuer tout ceci .
J ' aurois ete vraiment coupable vis a vis du Gouvemement d ' avoir pris sur
moi une telle responsabilite, si j e n'avois pas ete force par mon zele pour
le Service a contrecarrer, de tous mes moyens, l 'influence de la France.
Ce n ' est ni interet personel ( ! ), ni autre motif qui m'a engage, c ' est mon
Devouement pour le Service de Sa Majeste.
Depuis le moment que le Banquier de My Lord Elgin a
Constantinople refusa de me payer mon Salaire de Gentilhomme
d' Ambassade, j e ne ( ! ) pas cesse de m' adresser aux Ambassadeurs
consecutifs du Roi aupres de la Porte, leur exposant mon cas, et toutes Ies
difficultes que j ' avois a trouver de l ' argent. Tout etant d'une cherte
extreme ma ·situation etoit dificile et penible, d 'autant plus, que j e
depensois sans savoir si j e serais un jour tembourse. Quitter l e service et
mon Poste on ne le pennettoient ( ! ), j e me trouvais dans le plus grand
embarras.
Toutes Ies lettres que j e recevois de Constantinople et Vienne
tendoient a me consoler et a me faire esperer un avenir p lus heureux et
finissoient par l ' etemelle promesse que l'on a dej a ecrit a Londres et que
l 'on attend une Reponse, qui ne peut etre que tres satisfactoire vu Ies
Services que je rendois.
Les obj ets de la premiere necessite augmentoit de prix a point de
vile, Ies Loyers des Maisons avoient presque doublee de prix. L' etat
pitoyable dans lequel ces Provinces avoient ete placees, soit par Ies
frequentes invasions des Rebelles, soit par le Gouvemement despotique
des Grecs et leur insaciable ( ! ) Cupidite, rendoit le sej our de ces Pays tres
cher. Tout etoit Monople et Speculation d' employes subaltemes du
Gouvemement Grec.
236
Ne pouvant p lus long temps supporter le poid de ma situation j e
m e suis adresse a Son Excellence Mr. Arbuthnot et lui ai expose mon Cas,
lui declarant que j e ne pouvois pas vivre a moins de P<iastres> 1 2.000 par
anne e ou de f, 800 stg. Et que, si j e n'avois par cette Somme annuelle, j e
ne pouvois d' aucune maniere continuer a vivre dans ces pays. J e lui ai
meme adresse un Etat specifie et minutieux de mes depenses annuelles
montant a f, 800 par annee. Son Excellence emue de ma situation et
portee toujours a faire du bien me foumit P<iastres> 6 OOO pour le Salaire
de Six Mois, Esperant de recevoir dans cet intervalle quelque Reponse de
Londres a nom egard; apres ces Six Mois j ' ai insiste au payement de
l ' annee entiere et Mr. Arbuthnot m 'envoya Ies autres P<iastres> 6 OOO ce
qui forme la somme de P<iastres> 1 2 OOO ou f, 800 stj . Qui doivent etre
defalquees de mon Compte qui forme l 'objet de ce Memoire.
A mon arrive ( ! ) a Londres j ' ai transmis au Departement des
Affaires Etrangeres Copie de l ' Etat specifie de mes depenses annuelles; il
doit etre entre mes Papiers chez le Sous Secretaire d' Etat.
Je suis pret a prouver sous Serment mes depenses annuelles. Les
person<n>es qui ont connue ma maison a Boucharest et qui y ont loges
peuvent attester des Depenses indispensables qu'il falloit y faire.
Ce n'est pas le Salaire de Resident que je reclame, com<m>e
plusieurs le croyant ( ! ), mais bien mes Depenses annuelles, sous telle
denomination, qu' on veut Ies envisager.
Tous ceux qui m'ont connue (!) la Bas peuvent attester et de mon activite a
suivre Ies Intrigues de la France et de la Russie et de mon zele et devoument a
executer tout ce qui pouvoit etre de la moindre utilite au Gouvernement de Sa
Majeste.
Auroit - on oublie tous Ies dangers que j 'ai courru parmi Ies Rebelles de la
Rumelie et leurs Pachas, qui ne connaissent ni Droits des Gens, ni la force des
Traites sans un moment tnmquile pendant mon sejour la-bas? N' etois-je pas toujours
au qui vive pour tout ce qui regarde mon service? n'ai-je pas pousse mon activite et
zele jusqu'a escorter moi meme des Courriers charges des Depeches de quelque
Consequence? Je ne saurais produire d'autres temoignages Que ceux des
Ambassadeurs consecutifs a Constantinople et Ies Ministres du Roi a Vienne et si
par Malheurs ils ont oublies tous mes faibles Services, leurs Depeches entre mes
mains sont ici pour Ies prouver.
Apres tout cet expose, j 'ose me flatter que le Gouvernement de Sa Majeste
daignera bien accorder cette nouvelle marque de Sa Generosite a un de ses plus
fidele et zeles Serviteurs.
Fr. Summerers
237
[Pe verso :] Expose de Mr. Summerers sur le payen: enet de son Salaire
.
aui reste a lui etre fixe depuis janvier 1 803 jusqu ' a Ce J OUrd'hm ( ! ).
No. 2
Londres le 26 Fevrier 1 8 1 O
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, d os. 78/7 1 , f. 20 - 28 şi 29 v0,

116
Pera, 1 81 O, februarie 2 2
R. Adair, Secretarul de Stat pentru Afacerile Externe, către

Richard Colley, marchiz Wellesley, referitor la intenţiile Rusiei de a forţa
Poarta otomană să-i cedeze Principatele, intenţionând o puternică
ofensivă militară la sud de Dunăre conjugată cu o debarcare la Varna.
Pera, February 22, 1 8 1 O
My Lord,
Since my dispatch No. 1 O dated February 1 oth and marked Secret

nothing has occurred to vary the situation of affairs at the Porte. The
language of Bonaparte' s speech to the French Legislative Body respecting
Turkey continues every day to make deeper impression. A translation of
it, omitting the offensive parts has inj udiciously been sent in to the
Seraglio by the French Minister. The Ottoman Ambassador at Paris had
forwarded a true copy; the artifice of the French Minister has added
consequently, to the indignation already caused by this Speech, by an
attempt to conceal its matter.
Your Lordship must not expect however declarations, or indeed
any steps on the part of a Govemment against France. The Porte seem to
be satisfied with having obtained a through knowledge of Bonaparte's
hostile dispositions without thinking it necessary to guard against them by
dismissing an Embassy so advantageously posted to give them effect, or
by measure of military precaution on the frontier contigous to· the French
Power.
238
The Porte has received certain advices <in> the whole of the
Russian Army, encamped on the right bank of the Danube had suddenly
with <drawn> itself, and that its Head - Quarters were at Bucharest. Very
anxious enquires have <been> adressed to me for information as to the
<design> of this movement. Partly from intelligence received from
Vienna, and partly from conjecture, I have submitted the following
outline as the Plan of the Russian Campaign eamestly and anxiously
repeating my exhortations to the Turkish Government to call forth all its
powers in order to face the dangers which threaten the Empire from so
many quarters.
Russia being now in possession of all the Fortresse on the left of
the Danube, and having no present view of extending herself on the right
bank of that river, is secure from offensive operations on the part of
Turkey towards Moldavia. She feels herself at liberty therefore, to push
on her own operations by carrying the War into Servia of which Province
with the assistence of the population and the possession of Belgrade.
There is nothing to prevent her compleat and permanent occupation. Her
progress thus to the very heart of the Turkish European Empire will be
assisted by France with one of her armies under the denomination Rebels,
and with another under its regular name ostensibly sent to suppress those
Rebels will <in> the meantime occupy the whole of the Turkish Power in
Bosnia. While the principal <effort> of Turkey is directed to the quarter, a
naval expedition from Sevastopolis is to attack Wama to threaten the
Provinces on this side of :tvlou<nt> Hamus ( ! ), and even to alarm the Porte
for the safety of the European Castles at the mouth <of> the Bosphorus.
The success of this plan will obviously leave the Turkish Empire in
Europe at the mercy of Russia and France, and enable the Emperor
Alexander to repay the compliment of his confederate on his own
annexation of Wallachia and Moldovia to his Dominions, and to declare
to his Senate at St. Petersburg that he felt equal j oy, and as little jealousy
at the annexation of the Morea to the Dominions of Bonaparte.
The Turkish Ministers to most of whom individually this
communications has been made and who have forwarded it to the Camp
of the Grand Vizir concur in opinion with me with regard to the
probability in all its points of this Plan of Campaign. Their preparations
for defence are on a corresponding seale. The Sultan has appointed two
Sourugi Pachas, officerrs invested with extarordinary Powers and never
named except in great Emergencies from whose activity a levy of not less
tham 300.000 men is expected. The exertions to fit out a large :fleet are
active and unremitting. But the essentials of both army and fleet are
239
equally wanting. They have no officers for <either> service. For the Navy
they have not even sea<men>. And in the ai: icle of Provisions, St�re� ,
Ammunition and above all Money, the defic1ency more than great it is
become in a very high degree alanning.
Robert Adair

copie în 1 . engleză.
1 17
Pera, 1 81 O, februarie 1 O
R. Adair către contele Henry Bathurst, Secretar de Stat

<temporar> pentru Afacerile Externe: despre începerea unor negocieri
de pace ruso-turce la Iaşi şi eventualitatea folosirii sale ca mediator,
Imperiul otoman fiind împotriva cedării Principatelor Dunărene către
Rusia; poziţia şi recomandările lui Adair, în problema tratativelor ruso
turce. În anexe copiile schimbului de scrisori între reprezentanţii
Regatului Siciliei la St. Petersburg şi la Poartă, respectiv Antonio
Maresca, duce de Serra Capriola şi Costantin, conte Ludolf, cu R. Adair,
prin care acesta este sfătuit să pledeze ca Anglia să consimtă la cedarea
Principatelor către Rusia, ca preţ al păcii. Adair răspunde diplomatic
nedorind să-şi angajeze ţara în asemenea propuneri, limitându-se doar să
comunice lui Gaalib Efendi, reis-efendi, demersul celor doi pentru
Încheierea războiului ruso-turc şi ruperea alianţei dintre Rusia şi Franţa
lui Napoleon.
No. 1 O Secret
Pera, February 1 oth 1 8 1 O
,
My Lord,
The papers (A. B.) which I have bere the Honour of enclosing to
Your Lordship relate to matters of such high importance and touch so
many points of our national policy with regard to both Russia and Turkey
that although some of the opinions expressed in them vary from the
system apparently adopted by His Maj esty's Government towards the first
of there Powers, especially with regard to the employment of a Britain
240
Squadron in the Black Sea, I feel it my duty to send their contents before
His Maj esty's Ministers, with every sentiment of deference to their more
accurate information and to their more discriminating j udgement.
For the motives which originated this correspondence I must beg
leave to refer Your Lordship to the negociation at the Dardanelles. One
great benefit of restoring peace between Great Britain and the Porte was
the chance which it afforded profiting by events that might arise to detach
Russia from France. At a very early period therefore, I endeavoured to lay
a fundation carrying this object into execution. Your Lordship may
remark in my correspondence that period that at my first meeting with
Ottoman Plenipotentiary. I intimated a reading to become the Mediator of
Peace between the Porte and Russia, if properly invited. To this
Suggestion I frequently returned at our other Conferences; and soon after
my arrival at Constantinople I began to take measures for giving it effect
by addressing the letter to Prince Prosorovsky, Commander of the
Russian Forces on the Danube, ofwhich a copy is enclosed in my no 1 2.
Prince Prosorovsky had just been nominated Plenipotentiary to a
Congress appointed to assemble at J assy to treat of peace; the letter above
alluded to was put into the hands of Galib Effendi, the Turkish
Plenipotentiary appointed to mett him; and another copy was sent to
Count Stadion, to be made use of at St. Petersburgh as occasion might
serve.
But în order to leave nothing untried which might afford a chance
of effecting the good I had in view, I addressed about the same time the
enclosed letter (C) to Count Ludolf, His Sicilian Majesty's Envoy at this
Court, with a request that it might be communicated to his Colleague the
Duke de Serra Capriola at St. Petersburgh.
In opening a communication with the Duke de Serra Capriola I
had the further view i f my ovenure should fail of reaching the Emperor
Alexander either through Prince Prosorovsky or through the Court of
Vienna, that it might by the Duke' s means to made known to the great
and powerful party at St. Petersburgh [which] are understood to remain
attached to the principles by which Great Britain and Russia had so long
and so happily been united.
Owing to the interruption of all correspondence by safe Channels
between St. Petersburgh and Constantinople, I have remained ignorant
untill now of the effect of these communications. A Courier dispatched by
the Duke de Serra Capriola to Palermo through Vienna has at length
brought the two letters to Count Ludolf, of which the material parts are
241
now submitted to Your Lordship in the enclosures reffered to in my first
paragraph.
Whether the opinion expressed in them, and stated to be the
opinions of our Friends in Russia, with regard to the conduct of the War,
be or be not correct, Whether the Emperor Alexander would make Peace
upon the conditions presumed. Whether such a Peace would really detach
him from France. Whether it would produce the next best effect, namely
to make him content with what he has got and ready to become Guarantee
for the remainder of the Turkish Dominions - and whether it would be
adviseable for me to recommend such a Peace simply and without a
reference to the war with Persia, are considerations not immediately to the
purpose. The first and mast material point to be ascertained on the receipt
of these letters was whether Turkey could brought to listen to the proposal
contained in those and above all whether it could even be made without
creating some degree of mistrust towards the proposer.
It was by no means an easy matter to discover the dispositions of
the Porte on this Subj ect. A determination to rej ect with disdain all the
overtures towards negociation on the basis of ceding the Provinces had, it
is true, been frequently and resolutely announced to me; but it was to be
considered that this had been declared when the Porte was aware that I
had an obj ect in preventing a Peace with Russia. There was the possibility
that in addressing myself to the Ministers under a different form they
might be induced to develope their real Sentiments, and thus leave me a
way open to advance this business (should there be no obj ection to it on
other grounds) without exposing either my views to doubt, or my conduct
to misrepresentation.
The necessity of guarding all my steps with a more than ordinary
caution will fully appear to Y our Lordship when I inform you that the
Turks, who never can be made to comprehend that Governments must act
on a balance of advantage and inconvencience, have been constantly
impressed with the belief that Great Britain was not in earnest in the War
with Russia, and that she had some latent motive of partiality, and even of
agreement, for not putting foth her force against that Power.
In transmitting therefore to the Reis Efendi what was proper to be
communicated to him of the above papers (D), thought it necessary to
accompany my Statement with the enclosed declaration, which I lefi to be
translated by the Dragoman of the Porte. I charged my own Dragoman at
the same time distinctly to inform the Reis Efendi that the interests of
Turkey be my first and only object in this transaction, the Port should
wish trough me to enter into any discussions with the parties in
242
Correspondence with me. I would pledge my Honour to send no answer
to theirs letters other than the answer which the Turkish Government
might dictate. I begged to be considered as their mere instrument and
channel of Communication (if they thought fit to keep one open) untill
such time as they themselves should require my advice with regard to the
Policy of negociating on the bases proposed.
The faimess of this offer, and the evident intention with which it
was made, have obviated all mistrust with regard to my motives. My
whole proceeding indeed, has been taken as it was meant as an attempt to
reconcile two Powers, who were mutually consuming their strength in a
destructive contest by which the common Enemy of all independent
States would be sure to profit in the end. This acknowledgment, which I
am happy to say has been conveyed to me in such a manner as to denote
an encrease of Confidence in the good dispositions of Great Britain, has
been accompanied however with the renewal of all their former
declarations against negociating on the terms proposed. This time the Reis
Efendi entered more into the reason of the case with me than he had ever
done before; nor it is possible to combat the objections to the Cession of
these Provinces by any other argument than such as are grounded on the
want of mean to recover them. To all such arguments, however, an
enumeration of the inexhaustable resources of the Ottoman Empire îs the
only but the constant answer; an answer delivered în the very same breath
in which I am implored to throw myself at His Majesty' s Feet în the name
of that Empire for pecuniary Succour !
The Resolution against surrendering the Provinces however, has
been so often declared to me during the course of the late War between
Austria and France that I could not help remarking on the present
occasion some variation of phrase in the repetition of it. After detailing
the immense preparation which were making of the ensuing Campai.gn,
the Reis Efendi concluded by this remarkable expression - that the effect
of the present exertions must be tried before the Ministers could date to
propose the cession to the Sultan, or the Sultan could dare to propose it to
the People.
From these declarations, repeated in all ways and at all time, and
not to myself only but to the Intemuncio, who by order from his Court is
unremittingly employing himself to discover the truth, it would appear,
first, that notwithstanding the interference which might reasonably be
drawn from the refusal of British Naval Succours mentioned in my No. 4,
no secret negociations are actually on foot betwen Turkey and Russia
through France.
243
It would appear secondly, that after another Campaign, which we
my be sure will be unsuccessful, the Turks will be ready to listen to Peace
on the terms proposed. The part to be taken by France in the mean time
scarcely see to enter into their view; as an influencing motive, it îs totally
rej ected from the present question.
It is also worthy of remark that I have been solicited by all means
to keep open the correspondence from which the overture now rej ected
has originated. I have agreed very readily to this request. Nothing is lost
by such an intercourse and great good may result from it on the first sign
of retuming life which may be exhibited in the Russian Councils. There,
it will strengths our Peace by another tie. The turn which these
communications will naturally take, besides rendering it extremely
difficult to the Porte to carry on any negociations with Russia without the
participation, or at least the knowledge, of His Maj esty's Ambassador,
must lead to an habitual recurrence to his assistance an advice, then which
nothing can more strengthen his hold on the Turkish Govemment. Amidst
all their oscillations, all the inconsistencies, perversencess and double
dealing of their Ministers, which it would be difficult indeed to
exaggerate, in whatever related to Russia their principie of action is
uniform; and who ever can make himself master of the line of their
Negociations with that Power will assuredly guide to a great degree if not
govem the Councils of the Turkish Empire.
Robert Adair
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 7 8/68, f. 97 - 1 03 v;

Urmează în anexă:
A) Extras din scrisoarea lui Antonio Maresca, duce de Serra Capriola,

adresată contelui Constantino Ludolf, trimis al regatului Siciliei la
Poartă, cu sugestia de a influenţa pe R. Adair să pledeze pe lângă Poartă
cedarea Principatelor Dunărene către Rusia
Les memes personnes qui se sont donnes la peine avec zele ( ! ) et

empressement de faire valoir la lettre de Monsieur Adair, p arcequ'ils
sentent l ' avantage infini qui resulterait d'une Paix avec la Turquie pour
l' Empire de Russie, croient, que la Porte doit d'Elle meme ouvrir une
244
negociation directe entre les deux Armees et sans que les Fran9ais le
sachent et proposer un Armistice pour traiter la Paix; Ies memes
personnes disent que pour base de la negociation il faut etablir la cession
de la Moldavie et de la Wallachie avec Ies Forteresses de la rive gauche
du Danube. Elles sont d'opinion que cette proposition pourra amener la
Paix entre Ies deux Empires, parceque hors cette conquete (disent-ils)
l'Empereur n ' en veut pas d'autres, et que tel est son desir de faire la Paix
avec Ies Turcs qu' il s ' y preteroit a cette condition.
11 est sur que ce desir s'est manifeste au point qu 'on a remis Ies
retes de la Paix Suedoise a l ' epoque de celle qui serait conclue avec la
Turquie et qu' on esperoit d'autant plus prochaine que le nouveau General
des Armees Russes, Prince Bagration a mande que bientât toutes Ies
Forteresses se seraient rendues et qu'il aurait battu le Vizir (ce qui est loin
de se verifier qu' on a appris par Ies demiers rappels que I' Armee Russe a
retrograde et que le Plan du General etoit de repasser le Danube, craignant
une diversion de la part des Turcs par Vidin en Valachie, ce qui
l'obligerait a pourvoir a la defense de cette Province); ces nouvelles ont
fait la plus grande sensation et on a expedie ordres au General Bagration
de ne pas repasser le Danube, mais de continuer la campagne d 'hiver et
qu'on allait renforcer son Armee d'un corps de 30/m hommes de l'Armee
Russe qui est en Pologne; mais on croit que toutes ces dispositions
arriveront trop tard et que la retraite se sera effectuee pour prendre des
quartiers d'hiver, d' autant que Ies Armees Russes sont bien affaiblies par
Ies maladies.
A ces craintes se j oignent celles que la nouvelle arrivee hier (20
Nov. 1 809) que le traite d' Alliance entre I' Angleterre et la Porte avait ete
enfin signe et que Ies vaisseaux destines a l ' expedition de la Mer Noire
etaient nommes. Tout cela a fait une grande impression et elle est produite
par la differentc maniere de penser des uns et des autres; parceque Ies uns
craignent Ies demarches de Bonaparte qui pourra conseiller la
continuation de la Guerre contre la Turquie pour obtenir deux obj ets,
celui d'affaiblir de p lus en plus la Russie et celui d' avoir pour lui le
champ plus libre de mettre en execution ses plans sur la Grece, I' Albanie
et la Moree. Les autres craignent que si les Turcs peuvent une fois battre
Ies Russes, alors Ies malheurs de l'Empire de Russie augmenteront au
dela de ceux que ne l ' affligent deja que trop, pour etre trop docile, a la
volonte de Bonaparte. Toutes ces j ustes considerations se font par toutes
Ies personnes eclairees en Russie, excepte le petit nombre de ceux qui se
conduisent aveuglement par le sisteme frarn;:ais.
245
Ce principe pose, c ' est a vous a faire Ies reflexio ns qu'un objet
aussi impo11ant vous offre et a Ies combine r avec celles de Mr. Adair,
pour decider s 'ii convient a la saine politique de I ' Angleterr e de conseiller
a la Porte de suivre Ies idees que j e vous ai expose c ' y dessus, et pour
l' engager a entamer une negociation directe entre les deux Arrnees sur les
susdites conditions , selon l'avis des personnes distinguee s et bien
pensantes; en y ajoutant la condition bien importante que par cette Paix
entre la Russie et la Porte Ies deux Puissances se garantirant mutuellement
leurs Etats.
Si la Po11e offre le sacrifice des deux Principautes, elle ne perd
rien du Territoire Turc, et elle conserve ses forces militaires, qui lui sont
si necessaires pour s 'opposer aux proj ets de Bonaparte; c ar ii n ' y a
aucune doute que ses vues ne soient de s'emparer de l ' Epire, de la Moree
et de la Grece pour chasser Ies Turcs de l ' Europe, Auj ourd'hui si
Bonaparte s' est fait ceder par la Cour de Vienne Ies Provinces de la
Croatie, cela prouve jusqu'a l ' evidence l 'etendue de ses proj ets
ambitieux . Au lieu qu' entamant une semblable negociation avec la Russie
s' appercevera tout de suite des dispositions de cette Cour, et si en
concluant une prompte Paix sur la base enoncee, on verra clairement que
la Russie ne veut pas se preter aux proj ets de Bonaparte contre l 'Empire
Ottoman, alors la Porte pourra deffendre Ies Provinces menacees par
Bonaparte, et elle y trouvera d'autant plus de facilites si I ' Angleterre,
comme je n ' en doute pas, a dej a dans ces provinces de bons moyens pour
consolider un plan de defense et de resistance. Si par contre la Russie ne
se rnontrait pas dispose a accepter la proposition du Vizir pour une
Negociation directe, dans ce cas la Porte pourrait encore mieux s ' entendre
avec l' Angleterre pour Ies operations de defense.
Tous ces obj ets doivent etre entames par M. Adair sans perte de
temps : parceque tout le monde croit que la Cour de Vienne s ' est laissee
flatter de l 'espoir d' avo ir part aux depouilles de la Turquie, quand
Bonaparte chassera Ies Turcs de I 'Europe; comme ii importe cependant a
I ' Angleterre que la Puissance Ottomane existe, ii lui sera p lus facile de la
soutenir si la Porte parvient a faire sa Paix avec la Russie, au moien ( ! ) du
sacrifice des deux Provinces, qui ne lui ont donne que des embarras et ont
ete une pomme de discorde continuelle depuis que la Russie a etendu ses
conquetes sur la Mer Noire. Une telle Paix sera d' autant p lus solide quand
I ' Angleterre pourra faire passer dans cette Mer des forces maritimes qui
tiendront en respect celle de la Russie et la menaceront si elle ne faire pas
elle-meme la paix, avec cette Puissance.
246
II est inutile que j 'etende plus loin ces reflexions, vous devez
sentir combient tout ce j e viens d' exposer est utile pour notre Cour et la
bonne cause; et elles ne peuvent echapper aux lumieres de M. Adair qui
doit Ies employer et profi.ter de son influence aupres du Divan pour lui
faire adopter la conduite la plus utile, soit pour la conservation de la
Turquie, que pour le systeme que l' Angleterre doit adopter actuellement,
qui est de soutenir la Turquie, l ' Espagne et la Sicile. Ces trois points sont
aportee dans la Mediterranee et peuvent faire assurer la meilleure reussite
pour soutenir une guerre utile contre Bonaparte.
Les momens sont precieux et Ies operations politiques et militaires
doivent se faire sans perte de tems. II faut eveiller la crainte pour faire
valoir les Negociations. II faut aussi que Ies Peuples de la Grece soient
persuades qu'ils seront plus heureux sous le Gouvemement actuel, et en
se battant pour l ' Angleterre, qu' en se soumettanz a la France, Aux grands
maux il faut de grands remedes, sans cela tout est perdu. J e prevois que
vous me repondrais que cela est dej a arrive. Je vous repond que si vous
pensez ainsi vous vous tromperez, par ce que cette maniere de voir Ies
choses a rendu jusqu' a present Bonaparte tout puissant; qu' en lui resistant
avec des peuples doues d'un caractere Espagnol, Turc, ltalien et Grec,
Bonaparte ne soumettra pas aussi faciliment Ies Pays qui appartiennent a
ces Nations et qu' en les soutenant et en s 'opposant a ses vues, on
parviendra a les battre et a consolider son lndependance.
Je vous prie de faire agreer a Mr. Adair mes complimens. J ' espere
tout de lui pour la reussite des plans qui lui sont confies et qui feront le
bonheur de sa Patrie et des vrais et bons Allies.
Ibidem, f. 1 09 - 1 1 O, copie în 1. franceză.
B) Extras dintr-altă scrisoare a ducelui de Serra Capriola către contele

Ludolf privind poziţia Rusiei faţă de Franţa şi Anglia în cadrul
conflictului ei cu Poarta
The French influence and the intrigues of Caulaincourt, have

taken such root in the Russian Cabinet, that there are no hopes of wider
measures without forcing that power by operations calculated to make at
attend to its situation and there to encrease the discontent of the Russian
people, who are well disposed and entirely avert to the system pursued by
their sovereign and those few who influence the Russian Cabinet. The
victories obtained by the Turkish arms must certainly have produced
247
*
some effect, nor ought the efforts either by sea or by land be < > and
the cooperation of the English Navy ough to continue , because the
intelligence alone of an English squadron being about to arrive in the
Black Sea produced a great sensation in Petersburg and the nation hopes
to hear that something has been done to annoy the establishments in that
Quarter, as it wi ll be the means of forcing the Court to make peace and
induce it to use its arms against the real enemy of the Russian name. It
certainly is very hard that good and worthy subj ects should advise hostile
measures against their own country with a view of causing the Cabinet to
come to its senses and with drawing it from the power of Bonaparte; but it
is also true on the other hand, taht with out those evils the greater one
could not be prevented which would be the entire submission of Europe
unless Russia shake off her ignominious chains and awake from her fatal
Lethargy.
All the Russi ans, I can assure Y<our> E<xcellency> are so much
persuaded of the good wish must to Russia and the good cause from the
enterprise alluded to, that they, are furious against the English Ministry
for never having determined on a similar plan in the Baltic, wich would
certainly have produced and may still produce a change of system. This
opinion has been repeated from different quarters and by various persons,
interested on the success of the schemes against the General Usurper.
Still, however, while the Porte and her Ally are making every
effort to render Russia more tractable, the same persons, who give this
advice, desire from their zeal for the common good, that she should
immediately propose peace, but with an offer of giving up the two
Principal ities, as without such an offer it will be difficult or rather
impossible to prevail upon the Russian Cabinet to consent to a peace. The
Russians will make fresh efforts, which can only tend to enfeeble the two
powers - and this is the very obj ect of France because then they will be
more exposed to the blows which Bonaparte i s preparing. What I have the
honour to communicate Y<our> E<xcellency> ist the pure truth. England
has an interest in preserving the strength of the two Empires, in order to
unite it against the commun enemy, which will benefit the Royal interests
as well as those of the common cause.
If the Porte do not take the above step and that the two powers
mak � fresh efforts ag �inst each other, very battle whether gained by
Russia or the Porte, w1ll be only fought for Bonaparte against the two
Imperial c.ourts. T� e Tur�ish Cabinet must not lose sight of the intrigues
of France m Albama, wh1ch as well as those in every part of the Levant
• cuvânt lipsă în text
248
have been carri e d on for a long time; nor must it neglect Bonaparte' s
r
plans and threats in his last speech held i n the Legislative Body o f the 3 d
ult<imo>.
Ibidem, f. 1 1 1 - 1 1 2, copie în I. engleză după orig. italian.
C) R. Adair către contele C. Ludolf privind atitudinea Angliei faţă de

iniţierea trataivelor de pace ruso-turce. Copie.
Pera, 1 2 Fevrier 1 809

Monsieur,
La confiance intime qui regne entre nos deux Cours et l ' interet qui
Ies unit inseparablement, exigent qui je m'ouvre a vous au suj et d'une
demarche que j e viens de faire et qui par Ies suites, pourrait devenir utile a
Maj este le Roi des deux Siciles.
Entre tant de sujets de guerre et de division qui existent
malheuresement dans le monde, ii est doux de pouvoir se fixer sur un, ou
toutes Ies Puissances doivent se trouver d'accord. La Paix entre la Russie
et la Porte sur des Bases solides paroit etre de cette nature. Elle interesse
au plus haut point mon seulement Ies parties belligerantes, mais aussi
I' Angleterre, I' Autriche et meme la France. Je ne vous cacherai pas,
Monsieur, qu'en arrivant a Constantinople, guide par un zele pour le
bonheur de tant de peuples et agissant d' apres une discretion tres etendue
que m' a laisse mon gouvemement, j ' ai notifie a la Porte qui loin de
vouloir mettre aucunes entraves aux negociations qui allaient s ' ouvrir a
Jassy, j e ne desirais que leur terminaison heureuse et d'y pouvoir preter la
main. Effectivement quel interet aurait I' Angleterre dans la lutte
qu'<elle> soutient contre la Russie a voir finir une guerre que coilte tant a
cette Puissance, et que par la Paix que <j e> viens de conclure, Elle peut
lui rendre si dangereuse excepte cet interet maj eur de l 'humanite qui est
au-dessus de toute autre consideration et qui meme au bout du compte se
trouve touj ours a câte de la sagesse?
Non seulement j e me suis explique a ce sujet avec la Porte, mais
passant par toutes Ies formes diplomatiques, j 'ai adresse une lettre dans le
meme sens au Feld-Marechal Prince Prosorowsky.
Mais enfin de rien negliger dans une affaire de cette importance,
je crois, Monsieur le Compte pouvoir mieux faire que de vous inviter a
vous ou a moi pour faire parvenir le but de cette communication en
droiture a St. Petersburg. Monsieur le Duc de Sera Capriola y est encore
et quoiqu'il n'exerce plus ses fonctions de Ministre, il n'aura pas de la
peine a s'en servir dans Ies dispositions personnelfes qu'on lui temoigne
touj ours a cette Cour. Comme ce n'est que par une suite de la fidelite de
Sa Maj este le Roi des Siciles a ses engagements envers 1 'Angleterre que
249
l ' el o i gnement entre E l l e e t la Russie a eu lieu, c ' est a Monsieur le Duc
que c� t t e ouvert u re s ' adresserait le plus naturellement, � t j e ne se�ais pas
.
fache de l u i fourn i r une occass10n de rendre un service essenhel a. la
Ru ss i e tout en r e m p l i s s an t un d e vo i r envers le Roi son auguste Maître .
.l e I ' autori se do nc a faire sentir au cabinet de St. Petersburgh que
l a conc l usion de la Paix entre la Porte et la Russie sera dans tous Ies
t em p s un obstac l e co n si d e rable de moins a la pai ?' entre Elle �t
,
l ' An gle t en c et presentera meme des moyens de I achemmer que Ies vra1s
-
amis des deux Empires sauront touj ours mettre a proj et.
J'ai l 'honneur d' etre
etc. etc. etc.
(signe) RobertAdair
Ibidem , f 1 1 3 - 1 1 4 v „
D) R. Adair către Gaalib efendi. Reis efendi, făcându-i cunoscute
sugestiile diplunwţilur sic.:ilieni asupru oportu n ităţii cedării Principa telor
Dunărene de către Poartă spre a Încheia pace cu Rusia.
Pera, le 1 Fevrier 1 8 1 0
II est necessaire que la Sublime Porte soit avertie que c e qui est
contenue dans l ' ecrit c i -j oint relativement a la Moldavie et la Wallachie
ne doit aucunem ent etre considere comme une proposition faite par
I ' Ambassadeur d Angl e t eITe, mais simplement comme l ' expose des
'
opinions d e qu e lqu e s individus bien puisans ( ! ) en Russie qui croient ne

voir d'autre maniere pour parvenir a une Paix durable. L' Ambassadeur ne
fait que remplir son devoir vis-a-vis la Sublime Porte en lui
communiquant tout dans sa con-espondence qui pourrait foumir a la
Sublime P01ie des renseignements salutaires sur sa position: du reste, il
lui renouvelle l ' assurance de l' adhesion inviolable de son gouvemement
aux principes du 4cmc Arti c le secret du Traite des Dardanelles.
Ibidem, f. 1 1 5 , copie în 1. franceză.
1 18
Pera, I 81 O, m a rtie I 3
R. Adair către lordul Welles ley despre oferta de pace înaintată

Porţii de căt re Rusw prin interm ediul diplomatului danez, <Anton
250
Friedrich> baron Hubsch <von Grossthal> şi refuzul Turciei de a ceda
Rusiei Principatele Dunărene. Frământări în rândul nobilimii ruse, silind
pe ţarul Alexandru să înfiinţeze un consiliu de 35 de personalităţi în
frunte cu < Victor Pavlovici> Kociubei, spre a avea ultimul cuvânt în
problemele de pace sau război.
Pera, March l 3 1h , 1 8 1 O
My lord,
I had the Honour of informing His Maj esty's Govemment in my

Dispatch No. 4 to earl Bathurst, that a son of Baron Hubsch had just then
been sent on a pretended joumey to Warsaw, but in reality to St.
Petersburgh.
This persan retumed ten days ago. He was the bearer of fresh
proposals of Peace from the Russian govemment contained in two letters
of which I have now the honour to state the substance.
The first dated January 1 01h was a letter from Count Romanzoff to
Baron Hubsch. The Count acquaints him. That he wrote by the command
of the Emperor to express the Emperor's astonishment at the indifference
with which the Ottoman Govemment reveived the overtures to Peace so
frequently made on the part of Russia. That the Emperor could not help
testifying his surprize that the Ottoman govemment should abandon the
Holy Cities o f Mecca and Medina, where the authority of the Sultan had
ceased absolutely to be recognized and whose inhabitants were
exc lusively Musulmans, and pursuit so obstinately in having back
"'
Wallachia and Moldavia, whose inhabitants were all Greeks and
consequently ought rather to belong to Russia than to the Porte. That the
Emperor Alexander took great interest în the independance of the Empire
and offered Peace to Turkey as being essential to its preservation. That
Baron Hubsch was authorized to make this communication to the
Ottoman Govemment, and to observe <too> at the same time that the
Emperor had not yet pushed the War to extremity, but that <if> once it
were seriously to recommence, a decisive battle might bring the Russian
Armies to „the gates of the Capital, and might oblige the Emperor in the
end to adopt the new system".
The second letter was from the Danish minister at St. Petersburgh,
strongly exhorting the Porte to make Peace and stating that a refusal drive
•
Adică de rit ortodox, nu în sensul etnic
25 1
matters to such a point that the Porte would at Jast be compelled to accede
to the Continental System.
lt was Iong before the Turkish Ministers, who dislike extremly the
intervention of such an agent as Baron Hubsch, could be brought to grant
him a Conference to receive the communication of this proposal. At
Jength they admitted him on the 81 1i inst<ant>. I need scarcely add that the
proposal was rej ected, and this Saxon Danish mediation treated with
contempt.
I have at the same time much satisfaction in acquinting Your
Lordship that although I had secured other means of acquiring
information of what is transacting at this important moment, the whole of
what passed at this Confe<rence> was communicated to me în confidence
by the Reis Efendi.
Encouraged by this apparent advance, I have strongly urged the
necessity of obtaining the definitive answers to the Russian Government
[ . . . ] which Baron Hubsch is to send back his son as soon as he receives it
officially.
My reasons for thus advising the Ottoman Govemment are many
and cogent. Y our Lord<ship> will in great part be apprized of them by
my <letter> to Earl Bathurst, and since writing that dispatch, an <other>
event appears to have occurred at St. Petersburgh which, if it has been
correctly stated to us he may lead to the most important results.
The ev�nt I allude to is a fundamental change in the administration
of the Russian govemment. W e are assured that the discontents of the
Russian nobility at Moscow had arisen to such a highest that the Emperor
had been obliged to name a Council of therty five, at the head of which is
Monsieur de Kotchoubey, speci fically emprowered to determine on all
question of Peace and War.
From the altered tone of the proposal conveyed by Baron Hubsch,
I should almost be ready to hope that this was a feist step towards a
change of system at the Court or St. Petersburgh ot at least of such a
change as may had Russia in the end to make separate overtures to Great
Britain. Your Lordship will not fail to remark that Russia departs totally
from the demand insisted upon in the month of March last, and since that
period frequently renewed, that Turkey shall accede to the new system.
Time will not allow me to enter into the different topicks ( ! ) to
which this subj ect obviously leads, and for which I reserve myself untill I
shall next have the honour of writing to Your Lordship. I forward this
dispatch by a occidental opportunity for Malta.
Robert Adair
252
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/68, f. 1 39 - 1 4 1 v;
119
Pera (Constantinopol) 1 81 0, martie 23
Memoriu prezentat de ambasadorul R. Adair, către Gaalib Efendi,

reis efendi: sugestii înaintate cabinetului britanic ca Rusia să primească
din partea Angliei drept compensaţie în locul Principatelor Dunărene,
colonii în emisfera Indiilor occidentale < în Marea Caraibelor> .
. . . This negociation (Napoleon's marriage) could not be so secret

by conducted at Vienna but that suspicious began to be entertained of it at
St. Petersburgh. The Emperor Alexander took the Alarm. He began to see
that Bonaparte had been cajoling him with the prospect of aggrandizing
his Dominions on all sides, while was entering into engagements which
were to put effectual stops to the further increase of his Power.
Just at this period, the Emperor Alexander obtained the knowledge
of a secret Treaty betwen Bonaparte and the Elector of Saxony, by which
the Army of 60.000 men partly French Troops was to be constantly kept
up in the Duchy of Warshaw.
By a fortunate coincidence of circumstances also, the Treaty of
1 807 between Bonaparte and the State of Persia, by which Bonaparte
engages to force Russia to evacuate the Georgian Provinces and has
"'
recently renewed promise through Joannin to <see> that Treaty into
effect, were placed under the <government> of the Emperor Alexander at
the very same time.
Disturbed at this prospect of affairs, which thretened the most
serious consequences to Russia, and iritated at the deceit, which had been
practised upon him, the Emperor Alexander, sent in all haste to Vienna to
propose to that Court oblivion of the past and the most intimate union and
concert for the future.
The proposal came too late. The Emperor of Austria had already
consented to the marriage of his Daughter with Bonaparte.
Thus Russia becomes once more embroiled with France; while she
is confirmed in her gealousy of Austria.
• Corect Jouannin, emisarul lui Napoleon în Persia
253
This conjuncture of affairs presents a glorious opportunity to the
Sublime Porte to extricate herself out of all her difficulti es, and to
conclude a safe and durable Peace with Russia on the most honourab le
terms.
But this, like every other important proj ect, must ne managed with
prudence and address. The opportunity must be seized upon with out loss
of time or Delay, which enable France to recover her footing at the Court
of St. Petersburgh, which she may always hope to do while the war lasts
by enccouraging Russia to make fresh acquisitions at the expense of
Turkey.
Austria and perhaps France herself, may also represent this
conjuncture as favorable to Turkey. They may hold out the hope that their
union will put her against Russia. But the plain treeth is that all the
disunion, the j ealousy, the mutual mistrust and hatred of all these Powers
towards each other, which will prevent them from inj uring Turkey.
To enable Turkey to profit by this state of things the following
proposal is submitted to the wisdom of the Divan.
To rej ect the offer of negociation lately made through Baron
Hubsch as unsuitable to the Dignity of the Porte; but to make an offer
directly from the Vizier's Camp to Russia of treating for a Peace
conjointly with Great Britain.
In order to induce Russia to agree to this overture, the advantage
she would derive from a Peace with England should be set before her in
the light they deserve. But to brings matters to the conclusion desired,
some explanation must be offered with regard to the terms on which a
Peace might be effected between the Porte and Russia.
On this capital point many difficulties undoubtedly present themselves.
But difficulties are not impossibilities. They only become such by our not
attempting to overcome them.
The case at this moment is as follows: Russia insists on the
Provinces of the Danube. Turkey positively refusses to cede them. Is there
nothing that Russia would accept instead ? And might not England find
her an equivalent in other parts of the World ?
Russia has often looked with a longing eye to Establishments in
the West Indies. They certainly could be of the highest importance to her.
Independent of their intrinsick value, she would be enabled through their
possession to gain back her own trade, which is now wholly in the hands
of America. This would he ten times useful to her than any acquisition on
the Danube.
254
lt is proposed therefore that the overture to he made from the
Camp for a negociation comprising England, should contain an
insinuation to this effect, and that some person of confidence and ability
should he the Bearer of it.
The dignity of the Porte will he fully preserved by this
proceedings. She makes no advances. She retums an answer to an
advance on the part of Russia - But she chooses another channel, and one
more consistent with her greatness, and with the importance of the subj ect
itself, than the channel of Baron Hubsch.
lt îs further to he observed that this mode of arranging the dispute
would leave to Turkey the incalculable advantage of still keeping Russia
excluded from the Archipelago. And it may he worthy of serious
consideration to Turkey whether she would gain much by a Peace with
Russia, which should restore matters to the precise state în which they
stood before the War. Russia would în that case still possess the effective
Sovereignity of the two Provinces by the nomination of the Hospodars;
and the Porte would have no right to oppose her reestablishing herself în
the Ionian Islands.
[Pe verso: ] Memorandum presented

by the English Ambassador
to the Reis Efendi
March 23rd 1 8 1 0

copie în I. engleză.
1 20
Pera: 1810, aprilie 24
R. Adair către lordul Wellesley despre căsătoria lui Napoleon cu

arhiducesa Maria Luiza, vizita cancelarului Metternich la Paris şi
intenţia împăratului francez de a se reînfiinţa regatul Poloniei;
informaţiile confidenţiale primite asupra intenţiilor lui Napoleon
împotriva Rusiei şi soarta rezervată Principatelor ca obiect de schimb în
jocul politic dintre marile puteri.
No. 1 2
255
Pera, April. 24 t11, 1 8 1 0
My Lord,
The arrival o f a confidential person from Vienna by whose means

I have had access to some papers of extreme importance, enables me to
send to your Lordship the enclosed account of a circumstance attending
the marriage of Bonaparte with the arch-Duchess Louisa which may not
be wholly its use.
But what is of chief importance at the present moment is the
disclosure he has made to me of the obj ect o f Count Mettemichs j oumey
to Paris. It seems tbat Bonaparte bas now seriously in agitation the re
establishement of tbe Kingsdom of Poland. With tbis view he bas already
proposed to Austria tbe cession of tbe two Gallicias, and he is about to
require from Russia tbe cession of ber shore of tbe second pertition. The
temptation he tben ( ! ) out to Austria for her consent was first, a distant
insinuation that tbe crown of Poland might be placed at the disposal o f the
House of Austria, is now reduced to mere indemnification on the side of
Turkey. Wbat indemnification is be offered to Russia I have not heard;
but if she sbould not consent to tbe cession proposed, of <what> is no
probability, tbe Plan is to compel and tben Austria is to have Wallachia
and Moldavia, and tbe Turks are to be offered tbe Crimea.
The task of re-establisbing Poland is to <be> executed by France,
and dispositions are making for it. The force already marched into Spain
amounted since the Austrian Peace to about 60.000 men <are> not to be
augmented. Tbe French still in Ger<many> amounting to 80.000 are
destined for the Ducby of Warsaw. In addition to this force an army o f
native Poles is rapidly organizing and will amount to 1 40.000 Men before
the spring. To this will be added tbe Bavarian and Saxon contingents
already under orders to marcb. Witb so large a regular force and the
expected insurrection of Russian Poland, success is reckoned upon as
certain. Murat is to be new king and tbe whole of Italy to be incorporated
witb France.
The task of securing her indemnification devolves naturally on
Austria; and astonisbing as it may appear to Your Lordship tbat this
Power should so soon tbink of anotber war. Tbe papers which I have seen
convince me that sucb a design is in contemplation. This is tbe secret of
Count Mettemich's joumey to Paris; who is gone either to arrange the
plan as far as it concems Austria, and to endeavour, if possible to obtain
the Crown of Poland for one of tbe Arcb-duke. Count Mettemich was
desirous of settling tbese details witb general Bertbier during that Persan
256
stay at Vienna on the business of the marriage but Berthier informed the
Count that he must go to Paris, where Bonaparte expexted his immediate
attendance for that purpose.
It is affirmed most positively that the Emperor Francis has hitherto
been kept in profound ignorance of this project and that he has not any
faithful Counsellor about him who will under<stand> to tell him of it. The
same treason (I can all by no other name) was acted towards His Imperial
Maj esty in the negociations conceming the Mar<rriage.
The whole of that fatal Treaty was settled before <it> was made
aquainted with the design of it. I <knew> the Prince of Trautmansdorff as
one of the chief Contrivers and Actors in these wicked intrigues. Thus
that fine Army with which Austria concluded the war is about to be
sacrificed in a new content with either Russia or Turkey or perhaps with
both. Already it has lost a their part of its officers. Bonaparte has
demanded the setting aside of some, such as the marquis de Châteler.
Some have been dissmissed in compliment to him; while others, of a high
and delicate sense of honour retire from a service which offers them no
longer the consolation of dying, at least, for their country.
The approach of this new and dreadful storm which is gathering
arround us makes me, I confess/more than commonly anxious that the
basis of the negociation offered by Turkey to Russia which I had the
honour of explaining at large to Your Lordship in my dispatch No. 7 may
meet with His Majesty's approbation. The state of publick opinion in
Russia, even among our own friends, described to me to be such as to
place it out of the power of any Minister to consent to a Peace with
Turkey without something to show for the expen<ses> of the war; and
since Russia must, as a military measure evacuate Wallachia and
Moldavia <when> Austria comes forward, the contest may prove fatal to
her unless Turkey be previously neutral.
On the other hand the Peace once made with these Provinces
become a barrier for Russia to the south and will enable her to bring her
with force to act on one line for her defence.
Robert Adair
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/68, f. 2 1 9 - 22 1 v,

orig. în 1. engleză; publicat fragmentar de C. Mijatovic, op. cit. , p.75-76,
nr . 7 1 .
257
121
Pera, 1 81 O, iunie 8
R. Adair către lordul Wellesley, despre corespondenţa primită din

Bucureşti pentru reprezentanţii Franţei, Danemarcii şi Austriei la Poartă,
<respectiv Latour - Maubourg, Hiibsch von Grossthal şi von Stiirmer>;
internunţiul a primit copia ukazului ţarului Alexandru I de anexare a
Moldovei, Basarabiei şi Ţării Româneşti la Imperiul Rus. Rusia doreşte
să impună Porţii recunoaşterea anexiunii şi acordarea independenţei
Serbiei. Continuarea ostilităţilor ruso-turce. Marele vizir <lusuf Ziya
paşa> nu are 50. 000 de soldaţi la dispoziţie şi deşi s-a renunţat la
operaţii navale, marele kapudan < Cerhagi Ali paşa> îşi pregăteşte flota
pentru Marea Neagră. Ciocniri in Croaţia intre trupele generalului
francez <Auguste> Marmont şi rebelii bosniaci.
No. 1 5
Pera, June 8 th 1 8 1 O
My Lord,
I have the Honour of acknowledging the receipt of Your

Lordship ' s Dispatch No. 1 , which was delivered to me by Mr. Cockerell
on the 6th inst.
An express arrived here in the 4th inst. from Bucharest, with letters
for the French and Danish Ministers and likewise for the Intemuncio.
Those for the Internuncio were delivered to him with great survey. They
contain assurances that every difference between the Courts of Vienna
and St. Petersburgh was amically adj usted and that the Missions between
the two Courts has been reciprocally re-established although to be filled
by ministers of the second order.
The Internuncio has received also the copy of an Ukase by which
the Emperor Alexander definitvely annexes Wallachia, Moldavia and
Bessarabia to Russian Empire. It is also stated that the Grand Vizir had
made an overture for Peace to General Kaminskoi , who had answered that
Peace never could be restored unless Turkey would consent surrender the
three Provinces and acknowledge the independance of S ervia.
In the meantime the hostile operations of he respective Annies are
uncommonly languid, insteed of a forrnidable invasion of the Turkish
Provinces on this side of the Danube, we hear of some small corps of
258
Russians occasionally endeavouring to j oin the Servians in that object. On
the side of Turkey nothing is undertaken; and indeed with sufficient
reason as she has no army in a fit state to meet the enemy. The Grand
Vizir has not 50 . 000 men at his disposal. Naval operations appear to be
absolutely renounced although the Captain Pasha is very busy in
preparing to set sail for the Black Sea.
The dispute between the Franch Commander in Croatia and some
Bosniack Chiefs (who originally excited by the French persisted in
retaining possession the war, and which has since been ceded to France),
is entirely adj usted. The territory has been evacuated by the Bosniacks,
but not until General Marmont had marched with a part of his Army
against their principal fortress.
My correspondance is again open with Vienna, but I perceive, by
the altered style of the letters I receive from thence, that the Writers of
them entertain the same fears with myself with regard to the total change
of system in the Austrian Cabinet. I already witness some effects of this
change of system in the conduct of the Intemuncio at this Court, whom I
have discovered to be <exerted> himself to the utmost to prevent the
conclusion of Peace between the Porte and Russia.
[signed] Robert Adair
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/68, f. 242 - 243 v;
1 22
Pera, 1 81 O, iunie 1 O
R. Adair către lordul Wellesley, despre înfrângerile militare

suferite de turci. Ruşii, după ce au trecut Dunărea şi au cucerit Silistra,
înaintează spre Şumla unde s-au retras trupele otomane cu marele vizir
< Yusuf Ziya paşa>; Divanul imperial propune sultanului <Mahmud al
II-iea> să preia personal comanda operaţiilor de război sub stindardul
profetului.
259
Pera, June 1 0 1h , 1 8 1 O
My Lord,
Information was received yesterday at the Porte that the Russians

had crossed the Danube in force near Silistria, and after defeating a corps
of about 1 O.OOO Turks, had attacked and taken that important fortress.
That from thence they had advanced rapidly to the Grand Vizir's Camp at
Schiumle, and that the grand Vizir was intrenching himself, having no
force to oppose their progress.
This disastrous intelligence has determined the Ottoman Ministers
to propose to the Sultan, as the only means of encouraging his subj ects to
come forward, to put himself at the head of his army and erect the
standard of Mahomed.
I have the honour to be with great truth and regard . . . .
Robert Adair
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos . 78/68, f. 259 - 259 v0 ;
copie în I . engleză.
1 23
Londra, 181 0, iunie 25
F. Summerers către lordul Wellesley rugându-l să înainteze

suplica sa regelui Angliei < Geoge al Iii-lea> prin care îşi reclamă
drepturile băneşti ce i se cuveneau de pe urma servciilor depuse în
serviciul consular al Marii Britanii în Principate.
Londres, le 2 5 Juin 1 8 1 0
My Lord,
Permetez que j e porte au pied du Throne par le canal de Votre

Excellence, ma situation malheureuse & daignez bien acueillir
favorablement ma requete cy incluse.
260
11 y a, My Lord, p lus de deux ans que j e reclame justice a Londres
il y a un pareil temps ( ! ), que j ' arose mon Prince de mes larmes. Votre
Excellence est peut-etre fatiguee de voir mon nom, mais j e le suis au non
plus des circonstances qui m' oppriment.
Je supplie Votre Excellence a vouloir bien me rellever ( ! ) de mon
embaras, en m 'honnorant d 'une reponse definitive.
J' ai l 'honneur d' etre respectueusement, de Votre Excellence, le
tres humble & tres soumis serviteur.
Fr. Summerers
<Adresa:> The Mast Noble Marquis of Wellesley K. g.
For (?) The kings Mast Excellent Maj esty
The humble petition of Fr. Summerers,

late dating resident in Wallachia and Moldavia
That Your pettition having had the honor of serving Your Maj esty
since the year 1 800, when he began his career under the Embassy of Lord
Elgin at Constantinople by whom, Your petitioner was appointed and
established in his official capacity in the Principalities of Wallachia and
Moldavia where he resided until those provinces of the Turkish Empire
were occupied by the Russians; when, forced by politica} circumstances
Your petitioner quitted his establishement and came to England.
That Y our petitioner has served since January 1 803 as acting
Resident at the Court of the Princes of Wallachia and Moldavia and that
he has performed all the duties of his situation, without having a salary
fixed for such services in the execution of which Your petitioner was
obliged to spend annually the sum of f 800 for the Current expences of
the establishement.
That Y our petitioner having advanced a large sum of money in
Your Maj esty' s Public and Secret Service, which money, Your petitioner
was obliged to borrow on heavy interest. The principal was paid last year
by Mr. Canning, but the interest of those sums borrowed by Your
petitioner remains to be paid and wich amounts to a considerable sum.
That Your petitioner has lost in Your Maj esty's Service all this
property, plote ( ! ) and effects in Wallachia and Moldavia seized by the
261
Russians at the instigation and by the intrigues and secret machinations of
the French Government.
That Your petitioner has applied severa} times to the Foreign
Office on this subj ect, but the pressure of business of great moment
prevents Your Majesty's Ministres from taking Your petitioners requests
into their immed-i ate consideration. •
That Your petitioner has been in England more than five ( ! ) years
under the pressure of heavy expences soliciting j ustice, but without
success.
That Y our petitioner although bom at Constantinople, being the
son of a German Nobleman, has, not withstanding served Your Maj esty
with most ardent zea I and distinguished fidelity by wich Y our petitioner,
has totally ruined himsel f by the expences incurred in Your Maj esty's
Service.
Your petitioner therefore humbly requests Your Maj esty Royal
Assi<g>n<eme>nt for the settlement of this claims.
And Your petitioner as in duty bound will ever pray.
Fr. Summerers
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/7 1 , f. 1 47 - 1 47 v0 ,

orig. în I. franceză; în anexă suplica în I. engleză către regele <George al
III i ea> f. 1 49 v0 1 5 1 v 0 , copie în I. engleză.
- , -
1 24
<Londra >, 181 O, iunie 30
Recapitularea cheltuielilor şi dobânzilor sumelor împrumutate de

F. Summerers, fost consul al Marii Britanii în Principate, pentru serviciul
public şi cel secret, din ianuarie 1 803 şi până la data curentă.
Recapitulation of the Accounts of the Interest fall the Sums

borrowed by Francis Summerers Esquire during his Residence in
Wallachie and Moldavia for His Britannique Maj esty's immediate
Service from January 1 803 to 301h June 1 8 1 0 which Sum is humbly
Inexact ! Summerer se a fl a î n Anglia doar de d o i ani
262
claimed by the Undersigned as a particular Favor and as his final request,
relying on the well known Generosity of His Maj esty's Govemment.
Public Service
. . I
pnnc1oa
Interest
f s D f s D
A Containing 1 50 11 o Producing 1 78 12 2
B de 932 18 10 de 748 14 1
e
c d 578 10 4 de 497 10 o
D d
e 759 o o de 548 2 8
E de 524 o 10 de 3 85 14 3
K de 665 6 8 de 4 88 4 4
L de 1 305 12 11 de 892 2 8
M de 552 3 5 de 299 13 9
f 4038 14 2 I
_J
Fr. Summerers
Secret Service
pnnc1pa
. . I Interest
f s D f s D
G Containing 662 8 10 Producing 561 16 10

H d
e 473 19 4 de 268 4 11
I d e 2 1 22 5 5 d e 638 3 2 I
K d e 823 3 7 d e 645 3 o
I
f 2113 7 11 i
Fr. Summerers
s D
Public Service 4038 14 2

Secret Service 21 13 7 11
Total 6 1 52 2 1
263
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/7 1 , f. 48, orig. în I.
engleză.
125
Pera (Constantinopol), 181 O, iulie 5
R. Adair către lord Wellesley: despre condiţiile de pace impuse

Turciei de către Rusia: 1. cedarea Moldovei, Basarabiei şi a Ţării
Româneşti; 2. independenţa Serbiei; 3. cedarea unor teritorii în Cuban;
4. independenţa Cruziei; 5. despăgubiri de război de 40. OOO de pungi
(aproape un milion de lire sterline); 6. ocuparea malului drept al Dunării
până la Încheierea plăţii. Respingerea cu indignare de către sultanul
<Mahmud al II-iea > a acestor condiţii oneroase. Cereri de sprijin
financiar din partea guvernului englez; expunere făcută ambasadorului
Ada ir de către caimacamul vizirului privind mobilizarea forţelor otomane
contra ruşilor. Înfrângerea atacurilor trupelor ruse la Şumla, fără
urmări. datoritâ inactivităţii marelui vizir <Iusuf Ziya paşa>. Ieşirea în
A1area Neagră a flotei marelui kapudan paşa < Cerhagi Ali paşa>.
No. 23
Pera, July 5 th 1 8 1 0
My Lord,
I have the Honour of informing your lordship that immediately

after the disastrous events which for want of time I could but barely
mention in my No. 1 9 - terms of Peace were again offered by the Russian
Commander - in - Chief, and again rej ected by the Grand Vizir.
I was also inforrned by the Reis Efendi that on that occasion the
Grand Vizir had brought forward the proposal of which I gave your
Lordship a detailed account in my No.7. It was rej ected by the Russian
Commander, partly as coming too late, and partly as unauthorized.
The substance of the terms of Peace, as officially communicates to
me, is as follows:
1 . The Cession of Moldavia, Walachia and Bessarabia.
2. The Independence of Servia.
264
3 . The Cession of the Territories occupied by the Russians on the
side of Cuban.
4. The lndependence of Georgia.
About f 1 ,000,000 st<erlin>g: 5 . An Indemnity of 40,000 Purses.
The Russian to retain the Country they now occupy on Right of the
Danube' till after the Payment.
6. To suspend the Relations of Friendship with England.
As soon as these harsh conditions were received at
Constantinople, the utmost indignation was manifested from every
quarter. The Grand S ignior immediately issued a Hatti-scheriff, which
was read with great solemnity in the Mosque of Sultan Mahomet. The
purport of this Imperial Edict is that Terms of Peace having been offered
so dishonourable that they could not be listened to without utterly
sacrificing the Independence and Security of his Empire, the Sultan had
rej ected them. His Highness then announces his determination to put
himself at the head of his Army, and calls on all his Subj ects, and
particularly the Janissaries, to follow him to the Field.
I am happy to inform Your Lordship that the utmost unanimity
and resolution have been manifested on this important occasion. The
Declaration of His Highness that he will himself head the Army has been
enthusiastically received by the People. It has been communicated in
form, to me both by the Reis Efendi and the Caimacam. I have, of course,
added mine to the general voice.
On the occasion of this communication, which was made
personally to me by the Caimacam in presence of the Reis Efendi, I was
again prayed in an urgent but most amicable manner, on the subj ect of
pecuniary Succours. They big no mere insinuated that, without it, they
might find themselves under the necessity of sacrificing thus engagements
with Great Britain; they represent their wants simply, and, as I firmly
believe, without exaggeration. Of Men they said they had enough to
overwhelm ten times the Russian force in a single campaign; but they had
neither the means of calling these Men together, nor of uniting them into
an Army for a sufficient length of time to gain any decisive advantage.
They confessed that the necessity of putting the Sultan at the head of his
Army was no incontestable; but they said that even this measure, the last
resource of the State, must lose the greater part of it's effect by the
expense inevitably attending it. The Sultan's presence would draw
thousands to his Standard who must be dismissed for want of the means
of paying and embodying them.
265
To this appcal, however powerfully urged, I could give no other
answcr than that which I have repeatcdly made to similar applications; but
I so ftcned my refusal by evcry assurance calculated to impress on th�
minds of these Ministers a due sense of His Maj esty' s prodigious
exertions i n other quarters, and of his unalterable Friendship for the Porte.
After this, the Caimacan ( ! ) entered much at large into the state of
the War, the number and position of the Enemy, and of the Troops which
would be opposed to them. The whole Russian Force that had passed the
Danube estimated at 80,000 Men. The different Turkish Corps which he
enumerated, did not exceed 90,000 but he assured me that very large
bodi es were in march from all quarters, which would soon enable the
Grand Vizir to dri ve the Russians across the Danube, and to commence
offensive operations for the recovery of the disputed Provinces. He
calculated that 30,000 janissaries would march with the Grand Signior;
that the Pacha of the Morea would supply 20,000; that Mouchtar, the Son
of Aly Pacha, was by that time probably arrived at the Camp with 1 0,000
more, and that on the Sultans' putting himself in notion Aly Pacha
himself would join him with 30,000 of the best Troops in the Empire.
From Asia he expected 80,000, of which 50,000 Cavalry, by the end of
the present Month. Ali these Corps were independent of the numbers who
would voluntarly follow the Standard of the Prophet, and whose amount
he could not limit. On the whole, he spoke with the utmost confidence of
the effect of the present exertions.
Not many days after this Conference, accounts of a very
favourable nature were received from the Grand Vizir. After their first
successes in June the Russians pushed on a Corps of about 8,000 Men to
Vama; and with the main body of their Army consisting of about 40,000
Men under General Kaminski, advanced to attack the Grand Vizir in his
Camp at Schiumla. The first attack took p lace on the 23 ult.<imo> and the
Russians were repulsed with very considerable loss. They retumed on the
25 1h and on that and the following day they again attacked the Vizir with
great vigour and perseverance; but they were again defeated, and obliged
at last comply to abandon the enterprize. The immediate effect of this
sucess has been the relief of Vama; [but] the Grand Vizir has not j udged
proper to quit his entrenchments.
I seized this oppo1iunity to exhort the leading Ministers at the
Porte by no means to re[ turn] in their exertions, but rather to represent at
the Sultan, that it was more than ever necessary that His Highness should
put himself at the head of the Army, in order to compel Russia to listen to
a reasonable overture while th Armies of France were embarassed with
the increasing difficulties of the Spanish War. I accompanied this counsel
266
with a statement of the transactions in Spain up to the first of May, which
·
Monsieur d'Havat had j ust received from his Government, and I had the
satisfaction of leaming that both the communications had been very
graciously received and minutly attended to.
The departure of the Sultan is said to he fix ed for the beginning of
August.
The Captain Pacha has sailed for the Black Sea with ten sail of the
line and five or six Frigates. I fear that after throwing succours into
Vama, he has no ulteriour obj ect, except perhaps, the bombardment of
Odessa.
[ . . . . ] Robert Adair
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/68, f. 307 - 3 1 1 v;

orig. în 1. Engleză.
1 26
Pera, 1 81 O, iulie 1 1
R. Adair către lord Wellesley: despre problema tratativelor de

pace ruso-turce şi implicaţiile pentru guvernul englez. Atitudinea
ambiguă a Franţei care doreşte să-şi asigure supremaţia printr-o ofertă
de mediaţie interesată. A lternativele care se oferă Angliei în această nouă
situaţie şi problema raporturilor ei cu Poarta.
No. 26
Pera, July 1 1 th 1 8 1 0
My Lord,
. . . As I had the honour of inforrning Your Lordship in my No.23 by

the Caimacam and the Reis Efendi in our Conversation on the 2ih uit., I
cannot but acknowledge the deep impression which the situation of this
Empire and the danger to which it is exposed, has made on my mind. It is
true that the successes of the Army under the Grand Vizir have removed
all immediate apprehension. I have also every reason to he persuaded that
the Turks have not the most distant intention of agreeing to the Russian
demand conceming a rupture with Great Britain. But on the other hand
there is no knowing how soon they may he compelled to accept almost
•Corect Jabat, Juan Jabat trimis extraordinar şi ministru plenipotenţiar al Spaniei la

Poartă (26 VI 1 809-după 1 8 1 5).
267
anv conditions the Conqueror may prescribe. I have myself little doubt,
in d eed, that the efforts now making and above all, the Sultan ' s resolution
of coming forward at this crisis, will bring together so large a force as
effectual ly to stop the progress of the Russians. Sixty, or even Eighty,
thousand Men, supposing their Army to consist of that number, can never
venture to cross Mount Haemus unless they are masters of the Black Sea,
and of nearly all the coast from the Danube to the Bosphorus. But these
Events may happen. The efforts now making may fail. The Grand Vizir
may be beaten, and the Sultan, whose life, as he is the last of his race, is
not to be exposed, may be obliged to retum to his Cap ital.
Y our Lordship under these circumstances will ex cuse, I am sure, a
very natural anxiety in me, now at the eve of my departure, to leave
nothing unexecuted of the great public Trust, with which His Maj esty has
been graciously pleased to invest me, and Your Lordship will
consequently anticipate the deep and serious attention with which I have
again and again reflected upon the extent, and the nature, of my last
instmctions respecting the exchange of the Secret Article for the advance,
under certain circumstances, of the Sum of Three Hundred Thousand
Pounds to the Turkish Govemment.
Strictly interpreting those instructions according to their letter, the
case undoubtedly !s neither such, nor likely to be such, as to authorizing
me to make this advance. France has neither offered her mediation, nor
appears disposed to offer it, to bring about a Peace between the Porte and
Russia. So far, therefore, my instructions according to their letter, are
clear against the exchange of the Article. But on the other hand when I
consider maturely their spirit, I cannot help entertaining a serious doubt
whether His Maj esty's Govemment, in an emergency so pressing as that
which may soon arrive, and at the distance at which I am placed from all
means of receiving their directions, might not expect from me that I
should gi ve a wider interpretation to those instructions,and not refuse the
succour of Great Britain to save, in a case of necessity, the Turkish
Empire from destruction. I should be inclined, I confess, to think that such
would be the expectation of His Maj esty's Govemment even if Russia,
single-handed, were on the point of forcing Turkey into a Peace which,
laying out of the question the demand to break her Engagements with
Great Britain, would destroy her Independence as an European Power.
But when I consider the terms of Peace which have actually been
proposed by Russia, and which include that demand, I am clearly of
opinion, that my instructions themselves would authorize my granting the
pecuniary Succour required; and that the onely ( ! ) question would be as to
268
the degree of the danger, and whether Turkey could, or could not, resist
Russia without such Succour.
Your Lordship will permit me I trust, to enter briefly into the
reasons on which I have formed this conclusion, and into an examination
of Earl Bathurst' s instruction to me in his Dispatch no.2.
Earl Bathurst in that dispatch supposed the case of a Peace
between Russia and the Porte negociated under French Mediation, in the
course of which France would endeavour " to extort from the Porte
concessions gratifying to the pretensions of Russia, and in furtherance of
her own obj ects and his Lordship continues.
But yet as resistance, however hazardous may be preferable to an
absolute surrender of lndpendence, the conditions prescribed by France
may be such as to induce the Porte to rej ect them. In that case you will
consider the time to be arrived when consistent with your instructions you
will exchange the Separate and Secret Article relating to pecuniary aid to
be given to the Porte. "These words undoubtedly in their strict sense,
confine the exchange of the Secret Article to the actual interference of
France by "prescribing conditions" - but is there no case in which the
hand of France may be so visible without her formal interference - in
which the cause and interests of France, and of France alone, may be so
essentially served by a Peace between the Porte and Russia, as that upon a
just view of the question the advantages secured to her by such a Peace
may not be found equal to those she might derive through her own
Mediation? Is it not against such advantages that the imperative part of
my instructions is intended to provide? And what has France, admitting
her to be called in to mediate the Russian Peace, to ask more of Turkey in
point of advantage than the very concession now insisted upon by Russia,
namely the rupture of the relations between Great Britain and the Porte?
If, therefore, the letter of the above instructions would require my
exchanging the Article in a case where France should interfere to obtain
the exclusion of Great Britain, the Spirit of it, I should humbly think,
would justify my so doing, in a case where the Ally of France, with
means not inferiour of enforcing it, insisted upon the same condition from
Turkey as the sine qua non of Peace. I can see but little difference in point
of Argument, and now as a question of Politicks, between the interference
of Russia to procure, by force of arms, certain advantages, for France, and
the interference of France, through mediation, to procure the same
advantages for herself. If the demands of the two Powers be the same, and
the pressure on Turkey from both be equal, the accident of their
269
announcing those demands from Paris or from the Russian Camp changes
nothing in the essential part of the Subj ect.
I am anxious to state these opinions to Your Lordship not with any
view to the immediate exchange of the Article, for which I see no
imminent necessity, but with a view to the possible events ennumerated in
the first paragraph of my present letter; and as those events are of a nature
to require, when they occur, an immediate decision as to the mode of
acting upon them, I have thought it expedient before my own departure
for England, and that of the Sultan and his Court for the Army, to open
myself further to the Turkish Government with regard to this question of
assistance than hitherto it has appeared to me to be expedient.
In taking this step I had two motives: the one, to animate and give
confidence to Turkey by shewing her that she is not abandoned by Great
Britain in her distress - the other, to secure for my Successor the
communication of any Negociation that may be renewed with Russia, and
likewise the communication of any attempt on the part of France either to
influence the terms of Peace or to stop the progress of the Turkish Arms.
The latter of the above motives was the most urgent as I am
informed that the Sultan is not to be accompanied by the Foreign
Ministers. A Peace, therefore, i f any great and sudden disaster should
befall the Ottoman Power, may be signed in a moment of Constemation
without the possibility of any interference on the part of the British
Minister to prevent it. Were I to leave the Ministers without hopes that in
a case of evident emergency Great Britain would step forward to succour
the Ottoman Empire they would naturally leave the British Minister
without information as to their own transactions at the Camps; and under
circumstances such as I have supposed; the mere fear o f a Maritime War,
unsustained by other modes of influencing their deliberations, would not
prevail over the fear of seeing a Russian Army at Constantinople.
This day therefore, in my vi sit to take leave of the Reis Efendi, on
his again adverting to the general State of their affairs, and the urgent
necessities of the Empire, I rather met than avoid the Subj ect. We
discussed at large the two Secret Articles of the Treaty of Peace, in which
the interests of the Porte are chiefly concemed. On the first (Article 4) he
expressed an eamest hope that Great Britain, if by the successful
employment of her Fleets în the Baltick she should compel Russia to
make Peace, would not forget the interests of the Ottoman Empire. On
this head I found no difficulty in convincing him and the other Ministers
present, that His Maj esty's Government would make every fair and
reasonable effort to obtain a Peace for Turkey which should take the
270
integrity of their Empire for it's basis. I cautioned them at the same time
against giving a too wide interpretation to this Article, or conceiving from
the terms of it that we had bound ourselves to listen to no separate
proposals. Turkey, on her side, was bound to no such agreement; yet such
was the interest which Great Britain felt in the preservation of the Turkish
Empire that I could confidently say that in the negociation of any Peace
between her and Russia the interests of Turkey would, independent of the
Article in question, form a material and a necessary part.
With regard to the other Article, nothing new in point of argument
was adduced by the Ministers, except an attempt to persuade me that
Bonaparte by his Speech to the Senate had committed such an act of
aggression as to authorize it' s exchange. Rejecting absolutely this
construction of an act of aggression, I took this opportunity of stating
some of the cases which I should consider as such. I then assured the Reis
Efendi that Great Britain would never suffer France to interpose by
menace, or by any act of direct interference, in order to stop the progress
of the Turkish arms, and I pressed him, whenever such attempts should be
made to communicate them to my Successor, who on a mature
consideration of circumstances, would (I made no doubt) decide upon
them in a spirit of liberality such as became, Great Britain in her
proceedings towards a friendly Govemment.
In respect to Russia and the danger to be apprehended from her, I
observed that as yet, no case of such imminent necessity had occured as
would justify my departing from the line which His Majesty's
Govemment had marked out for my conduct with regard to the exchange
of the Article.
But I equally assured him that not withstanding this restriction it
could never be the intention of Great Britain to stand by and see the ruin
of the Ottoman Empire.
I declined, for obvious reasons, entering into any specification of
the cases in which I considered this general assurance to be applicable,
telling him that of these my Successor would be the proper judge if
unhappily these should ever occur.
In effect Your Lordship will readely perceive how difficult it
would be to state, or even to imagine the precise contingency in which a
demand for the exchange of the Article would be admissible.
Accompanying Events often change to so great a degree the nature of
circumstances which, considered before hand, seem to afford a rule for
our conduct, that the same act which at one moment would be highly
judicious, would at another become the extreme of rashness and
271
imprudence. Nevertheless, as there will always be some general views of
possible future emergency which every Man invested with a public trust
will figure to himself as decisive with regards to his conduct in them, I
have thought, it right before my departure to confide fully to Mr. Stratford
Canning the opinions which I entertain on this important and very delicate
matter. I have thought therefore that, unless other events should happen to
vary their nature-circumstances something like the following would
prove, in the minds of His Maj esty's Govemment a full j ustification to
him for exchanging the Article respecting pecuniary Assistance.
First, if Russia should continue to insist with Turkey, on the
rupture of her relations with Great Britain and be in such a situation in
point of military advantages, as to make it evident that Turkey would be
compelled to accede to the demand ussles ( ! ) assisted by Great Britain.
The "Situation of military advantage" I have chiefly in view in the
present moment is that of the Russians having passed Mount Haemus
after defeating the Army of the Grand Vizir and taking Vama.
Secondly, if Russia, even without insisting on her offensive
demand conceming Great Britain, should still appear able, by bringing a
vast superiority of force into the Field, to effect the immediate subversion
of the Turkish Empire in Europe.
Thirdly, if France should, by menace, remonstrance or other
serious demonstration, interpose to prevent Turkey from expelling the
Russians from her Territories on this side of the Danube.
Any one of these three cases, taking for granted the financial
distresses of the Turkish Govemment, the moral impossibility of their
raising <?> the Money by any other means, and above all, the efficacy of
the proposed relief, I should hope that Your Lordship would consider, as I
confess that to my Judgement they all appear, to be such as would not
merely excuse, but would even demand the exchange of the Secret
Article.
There are, however, two conditions which in any case of the
interference of Great Britain to assist the Porte against Russia, I should
demand indispensibly requisite to be first insisted upon. First, that the
Sultan should bona fide, march out with his Janissaries from
Constantinople to join the Army. If his march be merely to his Country
House at Daout-Pacha, which I suspect to be meditated by the French
Party in the Divan although they dare not oppose the public Voice by
dissuading him from taking the Field, I should say that Turkey had no
272
exerted her utmost efforts to oppose her Enemy and consequently that her
situation did not present such a case of necessity as would authorize her to
have recoursed to Great Britain.
Another condition, in my mind equally indispensible, would be
that Turkey should withdraw, at least as. far as Great Britain is concerned,
those extraordinary maritime Pretentions which are stated in the Note
(marked A) accompanying my no.22. This could easily be rendered
consistent with Ottoman Pride by a declaration that such pretentions do
not apply to Allies, and that Great Britain, in consideration of the aid
afforded to Turkey against her Enemies, is entitled to the advantages
accorded to an allied Power.
I have thought it necessary to discuss these points fully with Mr.
Stratford Canning; to whose lot it may fall, even before the arrival of
Your Lordship ' s answer to the concluding Paragraph of my dispatch no.9
to Lord Bathurst to decide upon another and an ultimate appeal to His
Majesty's Government for assistance in the present emergency.
Robert Adair
1 27
Pera, 181 O, iulie 15
R. Adair către lord Wellesley transmiţându-i informaţii obţinute

de la Viena din 1 iunie printr-o scrisoare adresată de acolo contelui
Ludolf, ministrul Regatului Siciliei la Poartă, din care rezultă opoziţia
Austriei la planurile de anexiune a Principatelor de către Rusia şi
menţinerea consulatelor ei la Bucureşti şi Iaşi; se dezmint zvonurile false
lansate de ruşi cu privire la intenţiile atribuite Austriei de a ocupa
Oltenia; guvernul de la Viena îşi menţine stricta neutralitate în conflictul
ruso - turc.
273
No. 28
Pera, July 1 5 111 1 8 1 O
Secret
My Lord,
I have much satisfaction in being able to transmit to Y our

Lordship some information from Vienna which has reached me through
my usual sources of intelligence in that quarter, and which has evidently
been communicated with the consent of the Austrian Ministry.
The first article is a cyphered paragraph in a letter to Count Ludolf
His Sicilian Maj esty' s Minister at this Court and is as follows.
"Vienne I er Juin 1 8 1 0
"Je vous pne de communiquer a M. A<dair> que son

Corespondent d'ici lui fait savoir qu 'il est toujours dans Ies memes
rapports comme avant la guerre et qu 'il j ouit de la confiance de ce
Gouvernement [ . . . . . ] . L' Autriche n' avait point de vues d' agrandissement
ni contre la Porte, ni contre la Russie ou la Prusse; elle est convaincue du
contraire, que ce serait agir contre elle-meme si elle voulait faire la guerre
contre aucune de ces puissances ; enfin que le systeme de 1' Autriche
resterait invariablement ce qu'il etait avant la guerre [ . ] ." . .
I have also received through another channel the details which

follow relative to the present system of the Court of Vienna, and the state
of the army, and the finances of Austria [ . . ] . I have further to inform
.
your Lordship that the Austrian Cabinet expresses as much disatisfaction

at îs consistent with a State of Peace at the formal annexation of the
Turkish Provinces on the lefi of the Danube to the Russian Empire. The
Austrian Agents at Buc arest and Jassy have not yet been permitted to
resume their official functions and I learn that the Internuncio has lately
presented a Note to this Government of which the following is the
substance:
"La Cour a vu avec l 'interet que lui inspirent ses sentimens
d'amitie la fermete avec laquelle La Sublime Porte a rejete Ies
propositions d'une paix desavantageuse que la Cour de St. Petersburg
vient de lui faire.
Les Russes font publier en Moldavie et en Valachie qu'ils
s' empressent d' evacuer Crayova puisque cette ville doit etre occupee par
274
Ies Autrichiens. Ce sont des nouvelles fausses que Ies Russes repandent a
dessein et pour mettre la Sublime Porte dans la confusion.
La Cour d' Autriche sera toujours l'amie de la Sub lime Porte. Elle
gardera sa neutralite autant que la guerre durera entre l"Empire Ottoman
et la Russie.
La Cour de St. Petersbourg se propose d'obliger la Sublime Porte
par la voie des armes a faire sa paix puisqu'elle a d'autres soup9ons.
L'Empire Ottoman a des resources immenses don' t ( ! ) il doit
profiter.
[ „ .] L'Agent Autrichien se rendant a Temeswar et de la a
Bucarest1 , le General Russe lui demanda des lettres de creance.
L' Agent repondit qu'il fallait ecrire a la Cour; mais la Cour a repondu
qu' elle ne pouvait pas le faire, vl1 qu'Elle ne pouvait reconnaître Ies
Russes comme Possesseurs des deux Provinces".
Such, My Lord, is the material part of what I have been able to
leam respecting the proceedings of the Court of Vienna at the present
moment.
Robert Adair
Public Record Offices, Foreign Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos.78/68 ,
f.338 -345 ; orig. în I. Engleză.
1 28
Londra, 1 81 O, iulie 24
F. Summers către lord Wellesley cerând un răspuns solicitărilor

sale. În caz de respingere a lor, se roagă de a căpăta permisiunea de a se
angaja la Constantinopol în armata marelui Vizir < YusufZiya paşa>
<f. 1 56>
33 Strand le 24 Juillet 1 8 1 0
My Lord,
1 Este vorba de reprezentantul Curţii de la Viena în Ţara Românească, Franz Fleischhakl

von Hackenau
275
J'ai pris la liberte de m'adresser iterativement ( ! ) a Votre
Excellence, pour une decision a mes affaires. Si elle ne veut pas Ies
terminer, qu' elle daigne au moins me permettre de me rendre a
Constantinople d'ou j e compte passer a l'Armee du Grand Visir.
<f. 1 56 v.> J'ai l'honneur d'etre avec le plus profond respect.
My Lord
De Votre Excellence
Le tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur
Fr. Summerers
[Adresa, f. 1 56] Most Noble the Marquess of Wellesley K.G.

<f. 1 5 7 v.> Ms. Summerers
For permission to go to Turkey
D]
July 24 111 1 8 1 0
R]
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos 78/7 1 , f. 1 56 -1 56 v0,

1 29
Pera, 181 0, august 4
Chales Stratford Canning, ministru ad-interim al Marii Britanii la

Poartă, către lord Wellesley făcându-i cunoscute succesele obţinute de
turci la Dunăre; din informaţii primite de la St. Petersburg se afirmă că
Rusia este extenuată din pricina eforturilor militare şi a cheltuielilor de
război, fiind dornică de a încheia pacea. Poveţele date degătorilor
otomani de a-şi coordona acţiunile cu Rusia pentru a-şi apăra frontierele
de la răsărit. Legături epistolare între Canning şi Gaalib Efendi, reis
efendi (în anexă), care l-a înştiinţat de planurile Porţii de a purta o
campanie de iarnă şi de a reocupa Principatele. Intenţiile flotei otomane
de a lansa atacuri în Marea Neagră şi chiar asupra Crimeii. Impresia că
turcii se tem totuşi de o cooperare prea strânsă cu englezii din pricina
Franţei napoleoniene.
276
No. 3
Pera, August 4th 1 8 1 O
My Lord,
I have the satisfaction of announcing to your Lordship that the

Turks have obtained some considerable successes over the Russian Forces
on this side of the Danube. [Eşecul suferit de trupele ruseşti în faţa Şumlei
şi retragerea lor] .
[ . ] The news of their reverses was received at the Porte with so
. .
much exultation, that I feared lest the Turkish Government, fancying the
danger completely past, should consider any further preparations of
defence as unnecessary. I, therefore, thought it my duty to lose no time in
taking measures to prevent so fatal an Errour, which would make the
repuise of the Enemy a subject of regret rather than of j o y .
While I was reflecting upon the best means of impressing the

Porte with a just conviction of the profit to be derived from continued
activity, some very interesting letters from Petersburgh fell into my
hands. By them I was enabled to see in a still clearer light the immense
importance which might justly be attached to the advantages recently
obtained, if they should have the effect of animating the Porte to further
exertions of her strength. They represented Russia as exhausted by the
expences of War and desirous of Peace. They afforded reason to believe
that she is now making a last effort in the hope of forcing the Turks into
her conditions by the alarm of a sudden and irresistible invasion before
she should be obliged to recede with shame from her pretentions and
confess her inability to prolong the contest. lt appears to me, therefore, an
object of great moment not only that the Turkish Army should follow use
it's blows without intermission, but that such immediate demonstration
should be made of the resources of the Empire, as well as of a firm
resolution in the Government to carry on the contest to the last, as should
at once take away from the Emperor Alexander all prospect of
terminating the war on his own terms.
But I must not omit to inform Your Lordship that I was at this
time employed in trying to persuade the Turkish Ministers of the
expediency of combining measures with Persia, in order to resist the
Enemy on their Eastem Frontiers [ ] . . . .
With these severa! objects then in view but under pretence of

imparting confidentially to the Porte the intelligence received from
Petersburgh, I demanded a Conference of the Reis Efendi which took
place accordingly on the 2ih ultimo. The inclosed Copy (B) of a letter,
277
which I took that occasion of presenting to him, will serve to acquaint
Your Lordship, with nearly the whole of what passed on my side. The
Reis Efendi on his part expressed a sincere persuasion of the truth of what
I urged, and assured me again and again, in the strongest manner, that the
Porte would increase rather than relay her preparations for further
resistance. He would not allow me to doubt even for a moment the
Sultan's determination of going to Adrianopole; he declared that
measures for a winter Campaign were already in contemplation; and
conclud ed with a splendid account of the numerous forces hastening in all
directions to the scene of action. Nor did I leave him without obtaining
repeated promises of an immediate cooperation with Persia against the
commun Enemy.
In fact, My Lord, I believe we may for once venture to rely upon
the assurances of this capricious Govemment. The Sultan has this day
publicly displayed his Standard, according to ancient custom, at the Gates
of the Seraglio. The greatest activity prevails among all ranks of People;
and new levies of Troops are incessantly passing to the Army. [ . . ] .
.
Yet notwithstanding so many marks of vigour and resolution, I

could not but remark in the Reis Efendi ' s language an eager desire to
bring that War to a conclusion, if possible, even before Winter. The want
of money is, I imagine, the very natural cause of this desire. But at the
present moment, no appearance even of an approach to negotiation can be
discovered.
The a1Tival of His Majesty's Fleet in the Baltick has attracted
universal attention; and as hopes are entertained that a diversion in favour
of Turkey is the aim of that expedition, intelligence of it's operations is
expected from day to day with impatience. Whatever may have been the
designs of His Maj esty ' s Govemment, I have already been able to
represent it to the Porte as productive of the desired effect; since it
appears that the Russian Troops stationed on the leaders of Gallicia have
actually marched towards Riga in order to defend the Ports of the Baltick
in case of invasion [ . . . ] .
[ Informaţii privind concentrarea trupelor turceşti : în vecinătatea
Vamei 20.000 ostaşi; între Şumla şi Kayali-dere - 80.000 ostaşi sub
comanda marelui vizir; la Rusciuc sunt mobilizaţi 1 O.OOO ostaşi iar
40.000 sunt destinaţi să lupte contra sârbilor răsculaţi. În apropierea
Adrianopolului au mai fost chemaţi sub arme 40. 000 ostaşi în afara celor
30.000 existenţi] .
With regard to ulteriour operations, I am confidentially informed
by the Reis Efendi, that orders are issued for 20,000 chosen Troops to
278
pass the Danube at Ruschuk under the command of Muchtar Pacha, and
throw themselves into the arear of the Russian Army. The Enterprize is
hazardous, but if well conducted, may give a decisive turn to the
campaign; the more 50, as the people in Moldavia and Walachia are
understood to be in general discontented with their new Tyrants.
In the mean time, the Fleet is by no means idle; though it has not
yet had an opportunity of encountering the Enemy, whose Squadron is
lying in the harbour of Sebastopol. A sufficient force is lefi to blockade
the mouth o f the Danube, while the Captain Pacha has been cruizing in
the northem Extremities of the Black Sea; His appearance there, which
was quite unlooked for, struck constemation into all the Russian
Establishments. But they have now time to recover themselves and
prepare for their defence. For the Turkish Fleet has been driven back and
much inj ured by a violent Storm, which forced part of it to take refuge in
the Bosphorus a few days ago.
The damage, however, is already repaired, and the Fleet again sent
to Sea with a degree o f Spirit and Activity, by no means habitual to this
Govemment. Upon what particular point they mean to make an attack, I
am not informed, but the Crimea is ever uppermost in their thoughts, and
it is, therefore, not improbable that the Captain Pacha may have received
provisional instructions to attempt something in that quarter. [ . . . ] .
The inclinations o f the whole Country are perhaps in our favour;
but as the Turkish Minister, are directed by little else but a sense of their
own advantage, i f that were for an instant brought to plead against as, I
suspect that we should soon find the fear of France paramount to any
apparent attachment they may have to their existing connection with
England.
These opinions are indeed founded upon daily experience and
observation, but I am by no means desirous of offering them to Your
Lordship as wholly infallible.
Stratford Canning
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/68, f. 1 1 1 - 1 1 8 v;

orig. în l. engleză.
În anexă:
S. Canning către <Seyd Mehmed Gaa/ib efendi> Reis efendi, despre

intenţiile Rusiei cu privire la Poartă şi problema Principatelor Dunărene
dorite de gu,vernul de la St. Petersburg, ce ezită a le retroceda în
schimbul încheierii păcii.
279
Copy
Pera, July 26, 1 8 1 O
Sir,
As the Minister of His Britannick Majesty I can at no time regard

with indifference the fortune of the Ottoman Arms; but in the present
moment, directed as they are against a common Enemy, în support of a
common Cause, it is impossible for me not to watch their progress with
more than usual solicitude [ . „ ] .
The retreat o f the Russian Army, after so many ineffectual attacks
upon the Camp of Schiumla, is undoubtedly an event of great importance,
as it affords an incentive to continued exertions, and an earnest o f future
triumph. But in order to appreciate it's just value, and to derive from it all
the advantages it is capable of yielding, Your Excellency should be fully
acquainteed with the presumptuous Plan formed by the Court of St.
Petersburgh, in the hope of forcing the Sublime Porte to accept the most
ignominous conditions of Peace, as well as with the mis-calculated
chances and inadequate means on which was stated the successful
execution of that Plan.
Your Excellency will remember that in the beginning of the
present year, the Emperor of Russia, assuming for the moment a tone of
comparative Moderation, made proposals of Peace to the Sublime Porte
through his commercial Agent the Baron Hi.ibsch. He was at that time
impatient of the little progress made by his Forces on the Danube, a
progress by no means answerable to his dreams of aggrandizement; he
was apprehensive of having employment for them in other quarters; he
was also alarmed at the exhausted state of his Finances and the murmurs
of his People. On the rej ection of those proposals, His Imperial Maj esty
saw no prospect of terminating the War, according to his wishes, by
Negotiation; and a thousand motives of Pride and Fear induced him to
insist upon having something that he might be able to shew to Europe in
return for the losses and expences he was known to have sustained. He
felt his inability to continue the contest to any remote period; and,
therefore, determined to make one last and desperate effort to defeat the
Grand Vizir's Army, and by striking a sudden panick into the nation,
dictate Peace on his own Terms, before the means of opposing him could
be collected from the distant parts of this extensive Empire, at the same
time that by the formal annexation to his Dominions of Moldavia and
Wallachia he expected to take away all hope from the Sublime Porte of
regaining those Provinces. The firmness of the Grand Vizir, and the
280
courage of the Troops under his command have already, in a great
measure, frustrated these arrogant designs and, what is more essential,
they have put it in the power of Your Excellency and the other Members
of the Divan, to complete the triumph so auspiciously begun. [ . . . ] .
The latest and most confidential advices from Vienna and St.
Petersburgh concur in describing the Russian Govemment as reduced to
the utmost distress for want of Money, and supported by nothing but the
certain hope of an easy and speedy conquest over the Turkish army. The
issue of a battle was expected with the most anxious impatience, and I
leave Your Excellency to anticipate the disappointment and despair of the
Russian Ministers and their Emperor, when they shall leam that the
steady resistance of the Grand Vizir is the forerunner of still greater
difficulties. In a word, Russia is now balancing between the desire of
obtaining Moldavia and Walachia, and the necessity of terminating the
War. It is for the Porte herself to turn the scale in her own favour; and by
increased activity in her preparation to deprive the Enemy even of the
consolation of doubting her Energy & Resolution.
But the operations on the Danube are only a part of the scheme of
usurpation contrived by the Russian Cabinet as the last resource of it' s
ridiculous Ambition. At the same time that proposals of Peace were made
to the Sublime Porte through Baron Htibsch, the offer of an Armistice was
pressed upon the King of Persia by the Commander of the Russian Forces
in Georgia. [Despre uneltirile Rusiei la curtea şahului Persiei Fath Ali
Şah, pentru a-i câştiga prin concesii neutralitatea faţă de proiectata
ofensivă rusă împotriva Imperiului otoman la graniţele sale asiatice] .
It cannot be necessary for me to excuse myself for the frankness
with which I have written to Your Excellency. Between Friends who
mutually seek the good of each other, there can be no disguise; and I am
therefore anxious to convince Your Excellency of the most unfeigned
Sincerity on my part; that I know how to set a full value on the Sincerity
of others.
I request Y our Excellency to accept the assurances of my most
distinguished Consideration.
[signed] Stratford Canning
Ibidem, f. 1 23 - 1 27 v; copie în 1. engleză.
281
1 30
Pcra, 181 0. august 7
( nr. 4 secret)
Ch . S. Ca1111i11g către lord Wellesley: amplificarea disensiunilor

austro - ruse privitoare la Principate; opoziţia fermă a Vienei de a
recunoaşte Rusiei dreptul de a anexa Principatele. Cu trei anexe privind
schimbul de scrisori intre reprezentanţii regatului Siciliei la St.
Petersburg şi la Poartă <Serra Capriola şi Ludolf> cu S. Canning şi
declaraţia consulului A ustriei la Bucureşti <Franz Fleischhackl von
Hackenau>, de a refuza recunoaşterea anexării Principatelor de către
Rusia.
No. 4
Secret
Pera, August ih 1 8 1 O
My Lord,
4111
In my dispatch No. 3 of the Instant I have alluded to some
letters from St. Petersburgh which have lately fallen into my hands. The
letters, addressed by the Duc de Serra Capriola to Mr. Adair and Count
Ludolf, are a continuation of the correspondence which Mr. Adair has
already announced and explained to His Maj esty ' s Government in his
dispatch, No . I O, to Earl Bathhurst, marked Secret. The inclosed p aper
comprizes all the material parts of what they contain; and the truth of
them is confim1ed by similar intelligence received from Vienna. In
communicating to the Reis Effendi as much of them as I thought it
expedient for him to know, I took care to recall to his recollection that this
correspondence was encouraged at the exp<ress> desire of the Porte, and
for her special service and advantage.
Acquainted, indeed as I am with the motives which induced Mr.
Adair to set in on foot, I fell so strongly persuade of its eventual utility,
that in order to prevent it from being cheeked or interrupted by his
departure from Constantinople, I have ventured to take a step which, I
humbly trust, will meet with His Maj esty's approbation. As Count Ludolf,
His Sicilian Majesty's Envoy here, has, from the first, been the channel of
communication with St. Petersburgh, I have written to him the letter of
which I transmit to Yaur Lordship a Copy herewith, and he bas forwarded
282
it in cypher to his Colleague the Duc de Serra Capriola. In this offering to
Count Ludol f my reflections on the state of affairs between Turkey and
Russia, I have tried most carefully to avoid anything which might seem in
the least degree at variance with the known and declared princip Ies of His
Maj esty's Govemment. My only obj ect, in addition to what I have already
stated to Your Lordship, is to put in to the hands of our friends at
Petersburgh, such information as they may turn to good account in the
criticai moment, which i f not yet arrived, nevertheless approaching with
rap idity.
Though it does not appear that Austria has formally refused her
recognition of the act where by the Emperor of Russia has annexed to his
Dominîons the Provinces of Moldavîa and W alachia, yet she has at least
resisted the usurpation, <so> for as ît affects the înterests of her own
subj ects. On the 1 5 111 of April last Count Romanzow presented to Count
St. Julien, then at Petersburgh, an official note respecting the abolîtion of
certain privileges and îmmunîties hîtherto enj oyed by the Austrîan Agents
and subj ects residîng în those provînces. In consequence of which at the
command and în the name of the Court of Vîenna, a Declaration has sînce
been delivered by the Austrian Agents to the Russian authorities
established there. The lntemuntio has lately given in a copy of this
declaration to the Reis Efendi, but without any comment whatever. By
means of a person in the service of the Porte I have succeeded in
obtaining a copy of ît, which I have now the honour to inclose.
Count Mettemich had not retumed to Vienna at the end of June
but he was expected in about fifteen days. It was generally supposed that
his mission to Paris had been completely unsuccessful.
Stratford Canning
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/70, f. 1 29 - 1 3 1 ;

orig. în 1. engleză
Anexa A.
EXTRA CTS OF LETTERS FROM ST PETERSB URGH
May 26 111 1 8 1 0
"Qu'il ne peut pas comprendre pourquoi la Porte n'a pas permis a

une Escadre Anglaise de se j oindre a ses forces maritimes dans la Mer
283
Noire pour appuyer ses operations de terre, operation qui aurait ete tres a
propos pour appuycr la Negociation de Paix Anglaise et Turque - On
craignait beaucoup a Petersbourg cette jonction, mais des qu'on a su que
Ies Turcs n 'avaient pas voulu du secours Anglais, il en est resuite une plus
grande securite pour la Russie, qui imagine que les Turcs seront battus
immanquablement - ce qui fait qu'on ne veut pas preter l 'oreille aux
propositions de Paix du Grand Vizir, puisqu' on croit sans faute non
seulement de le battre, mais de le forcer a faire la Paix avec les cessions
qu 'on exige; on espere que cela se fera promptement, et on attend l 'avis
avec la plus vive impatience, puisque l'on sait, que 1' Annee russe a passe
le Danube et qu' elle se trouve en face de l'Ennemi. On espere de finir au
plutot pour di fferents obj ets politiques, aujourd'hui surtout que Bonaparte
est occupe des affaires d' Espagne; on espere d' autant plus de finir a cause
du tres 111azrvais etat des finances:J. qui sont ruinees par tant de guerre ( ! )
soutenues, et smiout par les deux en activite, celle de l a Turquie et d e la
Perse, qui exigent des sommes immenses d'argent comptant, qui sont
entierement perdues pour la Russie; de fa9on que la continuation de ces
deux guerres sont impossibles a soutenir pour la Russie dans l ' etat ou sont
reduites ses finances, ainsi on combat entre l 'honneur d ' avoir Ies deux
Principautes, et le desir, de terminer au plutot.
(Despre pacea cu Persia).
[ . . . ] Au reste la Cour de Russie est reduite a une politique
versatile, ince1iaine, et pas du tout adaptee a son bien etre et a c elui de
l' Europe.
"On reste encore fem1ement attache au systeme de France. On
espere qu' on mettra bientot fin aux deux guerres de Perse et de Turquie
par les moyens des armes, et malgre toutes Ies reflexions qu'on s ' est
permis de faire a ce suj et, on est reste inebranlable se fondant sur
l' esperance d 'une Paix prochaine qui sera conclue avec la Perse, a
l' arrivee d'un Ambassadeur Persan que l'on attend; et sur ce que Ies
armees russes ayant passe le Danube, la Guerre avec Ies Turcs finira aussi
sous peu".
Ibidem, f. 1 3 3 - 1 34, 1 34v. - 1 3 5 ; copie în 1. franceză.
Anexa B
Copia unei scrisori a lui Stratford Canning către contele Ludolf
Copie
284
Pera, le 28 Juillet 1 8 1 O
Monsieur le Comte,
[ . . . ] Pour vous <lire vrai, le contenu des lettres sus - mentionnees

me fait encore concevoir des esperances que l'Empereur de Russie, tout
etourdi qu'il soit, n'est pas loin de revenir ă. la conaissance des ses
veritab Ies interets . Pour savoir sur quoi j 'ose fonder mes esperances, vous
n'avez qu' a retracer la politique inconstante et hasardeuse, qu'il a mise en
oeuvre dernierement vis-a-vis de la Porte et de la Perse, du moins telle
qu' elle s'est montree par les evenements. 11 semble que le Cabinet Russe
ayant d' autres obj ets en vue, ou bien ă. cause de ses finances ruinees,
desire fortement depuis quelque temps terminer la guerre avec les deux
puissances. On a pourtant voulu la terminer conformement ă. ses veines
pensees de s' agrandir, uniques fruits de I' Alliance avec la France, qui sont
peu convenable au bonheur meme de la Russie. Faire la paix selon son
gre, c ' etait donc le but qu' on se proposait ă. St. Petersbourg; la
negociation devait etre en premier lieu le moyen d' atteindre ă. ce but; et
}'instrument choisi expressement pour entamer la negociation etait le
Baron Hubsch. Mais comment est-il arrive qu'un projet si bien pourvu
des moyens et des instruments necessaires ă. le faire reussir, ait echoue
meme des son commencement?
Neanmoins quelqu' en soit la cause, il n ' y a rien de si vrai.
De plus, il faut se rappeler que de pareilles propositions faites
presqu'en meme temps ă. la Cour Persane n'ont pas trouve de meilleur
succes. Or, comment sortir de cet embarras? C'etait lă. la question. D'un
cote, on sentait combien il serait impossible pour un Empire aussi epuise
que celle ( ! ) de la Russie de soutenir tant de guerres prolongees. De
l'autre, l'on a pas ose renoncer tout d'un coup ă. ses pretentions mal
fondees. Les sentiments meles qu'on ne fasse la paix sans obtenir
l'equivalent de tout ce qu'on aura du depenser pendant la guerre. Enfin,
on a pris le parti d' achever l'affaire en grand: c'est-ă.-dire, de mettre
<tout> au j eu pour pouvoir tout gagner, ou bien pour tout perdre ă. la fois.
L'Empereur de Russie donne l'ordre ă. ses troupes de passer sur le
champ de Danube, et de fondre sur Ies provinces turques avec toutes leurs
forces. Dej ă. i l reve de voir fuir epouvantee devant elles I ' armee
ottomane, et par ce mouvement et inattendu de j eter la consternation dans
le Divan, de fa�on qu'il s'attend ă. dicter la loi ici comme lui meme il la
re�ut autrefois ă. Tilsit.
Cependant, il faut avouer qu'on s'est trompe miserablement dans
son calcul. Assurement on a beau parler de conquetes et d' annexation de
285
provinces, apres ce qui vient de se passer devant nos yeux a Shumla, et
tandis que Ies Russes, depuis peu si presomptueux, se retirent sur leurs
pas, et se laissent battre par Ies Turcs, tantot a Kialidere, tantot a
Rudshuk, au reste, tout cela considere n'y a-t-il pas lieu d' esperer que
l 'Empereur Alexandre ne pourra plus longtemps se refuser a entendre
raison, si non de son propre gre, au moins a force des circomstances? La
misere de son peuple, n' entrera-t-elle pour rien dans sa pensee ? La voix
publique ; ne pourra-t-elle pas s ' elever au dessus des suggestions d'une
mauvaise ambition, appuyee seulement par Ies conseils de ceux qui ne
cherchent que la soumission de l 'Europe entiere a Bonaparte ? En tout cas
une belle occasion, dont on doit profiter sans delai se presente pour faire
valoir Ies representations de ceux qui ne cessent point de prevoir en quel
abîme la Russie va se plonger par son funeste devouement au systeme que
lui prescrit la France. Je suis sur que M. le Duc de Serra Capriola de son
cote ne manquera pas d'en tirer avantage. En verite, comment est-il
possible qu'on y reponde?
1 1 est de toute apparence que la Porte ne sera j amais force ( ! ) a
faire la paix, telle que le Cabinet de St. Petersbourg la voudrait. Le
passage du Danube par l ' armee Russe, et les attaques donnees a plusieurs
reprises sur le camp du Grand Vizir, n'ont produit d' autre effet que de
mettre en mouvement toutes Ies ressources de ce vaste Empire. Dej a on
marche en foule des toutes Ies provinces meme Ies plus eloignees pour
repousser la subite invasion. Le Sultan, comme vous savez, annonce
solennellement son intention de commander en personne ses nombreuses
troupes, et il fait a cet effet de grands preparatifs. En outre, le
gouvernemnt emploi de vigoureux efforts non seulement pour faire une
resistance momentanee, mais afin qu'il puisse continuer a j amais la
guerre. Dans ce moment meme la Porte vient de me communiquer son
plan de campagne pour l'hiver prochain. Aussi a-t-elle dej a transmis par
mon canal de nouveaux ordres aux Comandants de la frontiere Orientale,
pour qu' ils agissent en tout de concert avec le Prince Royal de la Perse
contre Ies Russes qui se trouvent de ce cote la. Ajoutons a cela que la
flotte du Capi tain Pacha domine actuellement dans la Mer Noire.
Comment donc Ies Russes peuvent-ils s 'imaginer la possibilite
d'arracher a la Porte ses provinces, et de faire de vive force la paix selon
leurs propres voeux, puisque une poignee d ' hommes armes a dej a pu faire
echouer leur plan d' attaque, malgre leur superiorite de nombre et de
discipline ?
Mais Ies besoins de la Russie exigent la Paix. Qu' elle l ' a fasse
donc d'une maniere convenable a son etat, afin qu' i l ne soit trop tard.
286
Qu'il ne soit plus permis a personne de sacrifier le bien etre de la patrie
aux proj ets de traîtres insenses. Quant a I' Angleterre, ii n' est pas
necessaire de vous <lire qu'elle ne souhaite que la cessation d'hostilites
entre Ies Empires, qui au lieu de s'epuiser mutuellement devraient garder
toutes leur forces pour resister a un ennemi, qui est beaucoup plus
formidable a tous Ies deux, qu'ils ne le sont eux memes l ' un a l'autre.
Voila, Monsieur, mon aper�u de choses telles qu'elles sont a
present . N'y trouvez vous pas sur quoi fonder un peu d'esperance ? Je me
suis communique a vous avec la sincerite et la confiance que vous meritez
de ma part sous tous Ies rapports, surtout puisque nous travaillons a la
meme oeuvre. C ' est par le secours que me donnent vos lumieres et celle
de votre collegue, que je voudrais supleer a l ' absence de M <onsieur>
Adair.
Je vous prie etc.

Stratford Canning
Ibidem, f. 1 36 - 1 40; copie în I. franceză.
Anexa C
Copie
Declaraţia agentului Austriei în Valahia şi Moldova
<Franz Fleischhakl von Hakenau> către autorităţile ruseşti din

aceste două provincii.
L' agent Imperial soussigne a porte a la conna1ssance de son

gouvemement la lettre en date du 4 mai de M. le general de
Nulaschovich, ainsi que la copie y jointe de la note de M. le Comte de
Romanzoff du 1 5 avril . Les deux pieces ayant ete mises sous Ies yeux de
S<a> M<aj este> lmp<eria>le Royale Aposto<li>que, le soussigne vient
de recevoir l 'ordre precis de declarer.
"Que S <a> M<aj este> L ' Empereur d ' Autriche n ' a pu
qu'apprendre avec autant de peine que surprise le contenu de la Note de
M. le Comte de Romanzoff du 1 5 Avril demier; qu'Elle avait d'autant
moins li eu de s' attendre aux innovations que la date note annonce,
qu'ayant toujours en particulierement a coeur de maintenir la bonne
287
intelligence entre les deux Cours Imperiales. Elle est bien certaine de ne
pas avoir <provoques> ces innovations, et de n'y avoir pas soulever ( ! ) le
plus Ieger pretexte; Que comme elles portent un prejudice considerable
aux droits de la Couronne et de suj ets; droits consacres par Ies traites et
par une possession constante garantis d'ailleurs par Ies assurances
positives donnees au nom de Sa Maj este l 'Empereur de toutes Ies
Russies, lors de I ' entree de ses troupes dans Ies Principautes de Valachie
et de Moldavie, et contenues nommenement dans la Note de M. le general
de Budberg du 1 5 janvrier 1 807. La Cour Imp<eria>le et Royale serait
obligee de protester, comme elle le fait ici par !'organe du soussigne de la
maniere la plus formelle, contre Ies susdites innovations, en declarant
qu'elle Ies regarde comme non avenues". .
Le Soussigne en s' acquittant ainsi des ordres superieurs don't il a
ete charge, saisi cette occasion pour renouveller â S<on> E<xcellence>
Monsieur le Senateur l ' assfrrance de sa consideration la plus distinguee.
Ibidem, f. 1 4 1 - 1 42 ; copie 1. franceză.
131
Pera, 181 O septembrie 3
Ch. Canning către lord Wellesley despre operaţiunile militare

ruso-turce şi stadiul latent al convorbirilor de pace; în anexă scrisoarea
lui S. Canning către Gaalib Efendi, reis efendi, făcându-i cunoscută
opoziţia Angliei la planurile de anexiune ale Rusiei şi îndemnul dat
turcilor de a le rezista.
No. 9
Pera, September 3 rct 1 8 1 O
My Lord,
[ . . . ] 1t s in consequence of this, as I imagine, that two or three

days after the arrival of a Courier from Vienna on the 1 41h ultimo the '
Intemuntio informed the Reis Effendi by means of his first Interpreter,

that he had written to his Court what the Reis Effendi had formerly
intimated to him, namely, that the surest way to deliver the Porte from the
difficulties which surrounded her, would he a diversion in her favour on
the side of Austria: "That his Court has observed to him in answer that '
288
the Reis Efendi seemed to have forgotten that the incorporation of
Moldavia and Walachia with the Russian Empire was a point on which
the Governments of Russia and France both agreed. That his Court
supposed the indifference with which Bonaparte seemed to view the
separation of the two Principalities from the Sovereignity of the Porte was
chiefly caused by the Porte' s never having represented with sufficient
eamestness through her Ambassador at Paris, the great injury which She,
as well as France, would receive from the excessive increase of the
Russian power on the Danube and on the shores of the Black Sea; that his
Court was well aware that the Affairs of Spain and Holland so completely
occupied the attention of Bonaparte as to prevent him from tuming his
thoughts towards Turkey, the more so as the existing state of things would
not permit him to break with the Emperor Alexander; But that there was
another Power capable of holding Russia in check, whose intervention
might be very useful to the Porte, when the Russian Army should once be
driven beyond the Danube".
I have received information by the same secret channel whence I
obtained the communication itself, that it has ·been transmitted to the
Camp, and that the answer to be given to the Intemuntio will be in
substance simply that the Porte does not mean to accept the mediation of
any Foreign Power whatever.
However satisfactory such an answer might be, for the present, yet
as the Turkish Ministry considered the matter of importance enough to be
referred to the Grand Vizir, I have been apprehensive lest any traces of
the overture thus made by Austria, being lefi behind, should produce the
intended impression at some future hour of danger and alarm, perhaps
even with aggravated prejudice to the interests of Great Britain. I have,
therefore, thought it my duty to endeavour to efface them entirely, while
the opinions of the Turkish Government are in unison with mine, and
consequently the task is more easy. For this purpose I have had a private
interview with he Reis Effendi; and in order to make Y our Lordship
exactly acquainted with what I said to him on this occasion, I take the
liberty of transmitting to Y our Lordship the paper herewith inclosed.
The Reis Effendi declared in answer that I had expressed precisely
the same sentiments as those by which he himself, as well as every
member of the Divan, was animated. He even entered into a long series of
arguments tending to prove the perfect conformity of our opinions; he
assured me that any such proposal as that which I had attributed to
Austria would be rejected by the Porte; and confessed that in case of
emergency, the Porte should rather look for the mediation of that
289
generous Power, who, as he believed was ready to sacrifice a pmtion of
her own territory in order to preserve the Turkish Empire from
dismemberment. To this he added the solemn promise, so often repeated
to Mr. Adair, that the Porte would not enter into any negotiation with
Russia, without at the same time communicating it to His Maj esty's
Minister at Constantinople.
Yet I leave Your Lordship to judge of the reliance wich may be
placed upon the verbal promises of a Turkish Minister, when in the very
same breath the Reis Efendi positively denied that the Intemuntio had
taken any step whatever at the Porte leading to the proposal which I have
stated in the inclosed Memorandum.
With regard to the Intemuntio himself, I think it right to apprize
Your Lordship that he has lately shewn a disposition to open the same
sort of confidential intercourse with me, which is in better times existed
between him and Mr. Adair. His language is such as to convince me that
the Austrian Govemment is still very far indeed from being disposed to
participate with Buonaparte in the general system of policy pursued by
him, and that not withstanding the above mentioned proposal to the Porte,
nothing is farther from their intention than to promote the interests of
France, or to restore her influence at the Court. Your Lordship will easily
perceive that I have not abstained from pressing this conviction on the
consideration of the Porte, even while I was trying to counteract the
effects of a proposal which could only have been suggested by fear, and a
sense of weakness.
I have the honour, &c.
Stratford CalUling
[Adresa:] To The Most Noble

The Marquis Wellesley, K.G. ; &c. & co.
[Pe verso : ] Pera, Sept. Yd , 1 8 1 0.

Mr. Stratford CalU1ing
No. 9. One Inclosure
Rec<eive>d Nov<ember> 2 1 .
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78170, f. 1 72 - 1 75 v0,

1 76v0 ; orig. în 1. engleză.
290
ANEXĂ
Copy
Memorandum presented to His Excellency the Reis Efendy

Sept<ember> 3rd 1810
The news of the Russians having crossed the Danube, and

attacked the Grand Vizir's Camp at Shumla, was received at Vienna with
great uneasiness and apprehension; and it was thought that the Porte
would be obliged immediately to submit to whatever terms of Peace the
Russian General might choose to impose. The Court of Vienna is well
aware that Russia cannot gain permanent possession of the left bank of
the Danube, without great prejudice to the interests of Austria. lt wishes,
therefore, to prevent Russia from obtaining an increase of power, which
in her hands may one day become a weapon fatal to the very existence of
the Austrian Empire. But not being in a condition just now to assist the
Porte by force of arms, the Court of Vienna wishes to find some other
means of checking the progress of Russia, without exposing itself to the
hostility of France, the declared Ally and Accomplice of that Power. In
looking for these means the Court of Vienna has unfortunately fallen
upon an expedient full of danger to itself as well as to the Porte. Though
no step may hitherto have been taken to carry it into effect, yet as there îs
little doubt of the intention of that Court to make trial of it, the Reis
Effendi cannot too soon be put upon his guard. This expedient îs no other
but to persuade the Porte, in defiance of all the experience so dearly
earned, to so Ilicit indirectly the intervention of Bonaparte, by representing
to him how much even his own interests will suffer by the increase of the
Russian Power on the Danube and in the Black Sea. As the same time it is
meant to be insinuated at the Porte, that in case Bonaparte should listen to
such a representation, but should not choose to take any step which may
impair his Alliance with Russia, some other Power, such as Austria for
instance, will be ready to come forward, under the secret direction of
France, in order to secure to the Porte her authority over the two disputed
Principalities.
But surely the. Cabinet of Vienna, if either it has made, or is going
to made, such a proposal to the Porte, must have strangely overlooked as
well the various obstacles in its way, as the evil consequences which will
not fail to arise from such a proceeding.
For what hope can possibly be entertained at the present moment
of persuading Bonaparte to assist, either openly or secretly, in saving the
291
Turkish Empire from the dismemberment with which it is threatened by
Russia? His public declaration, and his language upon every occasion, as
well as the conduct of his Ministers here and at Paris, sufficiently annonce
the line of policy which he has determin ed to follow on that subject.
But even without such manifest proof, sufficient motives for his
favouring the acquisitions of Russia on the Danube may be found, în
reflecting on the general nature of hîs Policy. The great obj ects of all his
designs is the entire subjugation of Europe. 1t is natural to suppose
therefore, that anything conducive to the accomplishment of that obj ect
must be agreable to hîm. And since the obvious consequences of the
establishment of the Russians upon the Danube, are of necessity to
weaken and distress the Porte, and also to surround Austria, and thereby
to render her defenceless, he cannot but regard such an event with a
favourabe eye. The more so, as he persuades hîmself that success in the
operations which now engage him, would put it in hîs power to make
such further conquests as would completely deprive the Russians of
whatever advantage they may expect to draw from theîr new acquisitîons.
Independent of these Consîderations, he has not now the means of
deterring Russia from the prosecution of her desîgns against the Porte,
even if he were disposed to do so. The War in Spain, the situation of
affairs in Holland, the unsettled state of his recent conquests, all require
undîvîded attention, and the constant application o f all his resources.
But supposing for a moment that these obstacles were removed,
and that the Porte were to succeed în making him feel the expediency of
checking the progress of Russia, what would be the consequences of his
interference ? Is the past so entirely forgotten that it should be necessary
to recall it to the recollechon of the Porte? Is the Character of the Ruler o f
France so little known as that his assîstance should be expected i n order to
strengthen the vîctîms which he has long since marked for destruction?
No - The only effects of hîs most favourable înterference would be, a
lingering War or an uncertaîn truce wîth Russîa, - dissentions, perhaps
with England - the French influence paramount throughout the Turkish
Empire, and weakness and dîvision in all the branches of its Government.
It is not, indeed, to be imagined that Austria designs to bring such
evils upon the Porte; but these are the natural and unavoidable effects of
that plan attributed to her. Austria, on the contrary may hope to elude the
vigilance of Bonaparte, and may really mean to render the Porte the
essential service of rescuîng Moldavia and Wallachia from the usurpation
of Russia. But in her present condition she has no choice but either to
remain tranquil, or to be the instrument of France. If she comes forward
292
now, she can act only under the direction, or with the co-operation of the
Enemy o f all established Governments.
In the existing state of Europe no Nation can find safety but in an
independent Resistance, and in the Juli unlimited exertion of its own
native strength and resources.
[Pe verso : ] Memorandum presented to Reis Efendi,

Sept<ember> 3 1 8 1 O
Copy
In Mr. S . Canning's
dispatch no. 9
Ibidem, f. 1 77- 1 80; copie în 1. engleză.
1 32
Pera, 1 81 O septembrie 3
Ch. S. Canning către lord Wellesley, făcând comentarii pe

marginea operaţiunilor militare la Dunăre şi la repercusiunile lor pe
plan politic. Nu s-a stabilit o dată a plecării sultanului <Mahmud al li
/ea> de la Constantinopol.
No. 1 0
Pera, September 3 , 1 8 1 O
My Lord,
Since I had last the honour of giving Your Lordship an account of

the operations of the Turkish and Russian Armies on this side of the
Danube, fortune has generally continued in favour of the former.
[Detalii asupra operaţiilor din sectoarele Şumla şi Russe.
Insuccesul unor acţiuni întreprinse în Marea Neagră de flota otomană] .
In short, my Lord, I do not perceive any activity either at Sea or in
the Field equally to what I have been led to hope from the bustle which
has for some time prevailed in the Capital. No day is yet fixed for the
Sultan' s departure; but I am confidently assured on all sides that His
Maj esty will set out in the course of this Month.
293
The want o f Ivloney is still, I helieve, the great ohstacle which
impedes the efforts of the Govemment and spreads, a lifeless langour
through al! their operations [ . . . ]
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/70, f. 1 8 1 - 1 84;

orig. în I . engleză.
1 33
Pera, 181 O, octombrie 4
Ch. S. Canning către lord Wellesley despre felicitările trimise de

intermmţiul A ustriei <lgnaz Lorenz von Stiirmer> către <Mehmed Said>
Gaalib Efendi. reis efendi, cu prilejul victoriilor obţinute de marele vizir
< Y11suf Ziya paşa> Împotriva ruşilor În dorinţa recuceririi Principatelor.
Austria oferâ sprijin Porţii În privinţa Serbiei. Întrevederile lui Canning
cu reis efendi pe această temă. Cabinetul de la Viena se opune planurilor
expansioniste ruseşti. În anexă: memoriul Curţii de la Viena către Poartă
cll dorinţa A llstriei de a se restabili status-quo-ul anterior în Balcani,
prin respingerea veleităţilor Rusiei de a anexa Principatele Dunărene şi
a se impune În privinţa autonomiei Serbiei.
No. 1 4
Pera, Octoher 4th 1 8 1 0
M y Lord,
[ . . . ] On the 5111 ultimo, soon after the arrival of the Post from
Vienna, the Intemuntio made a communication in writing to the Reis
Effendi, the suhstance of which was: "That he congratulated the Porte, hy
order of his Government, on the successes recently obtained by the Grand
Vizir, which were of the greater importance as it was notorious that
Russia had never hefore made so serious an attack upon the Ottoman
Domimions, that his Government would do everything to facilitate to the
Turkish forces in Servia the means of procuring provisions from the
neighhouring provinces of Austria; that the war heing so close upon the
confines of Austria, it could not fail, in whatever way it might terminate,
to he attended with consequences equally prej udicial to that Empire as to
the Porte itself; that Servia would either he pillaged and destroyed by the
294
Turkish Troops, or, seized by Russia; and that the Emperor of Austria
was ready to the mediaton and Guarantee of an arrangement that should
be made with that unhappy province."
This proposal was immediately forwarded to the Camp, and the
answer given to the Intemuntio was simply this : "La Porte accepte la
garantie de la Cour de Vienne, touj ours sous condition: que la Servie soit
mise exactement dans l 'etat ou elle etait avant la revolte des Serviens".
lt is hardly necessary to observe, that such an answer could be
considered only as equivalent to a direct refusal. It was not, however,
sufficient to deter the Intemuntio from again pressing upon the
consideration of the Turkish ministers all the advantages to be derived, as
he supposed, from accepting the offers of his Govemment.
This also was done in writing, though not in an official form, as
Your Lordship will perceive by the enclosed paper, which is the copy of a
letter from the Intemuntio to his first enterpreter, by whom it was
communicated word to the Reis Effendi .
In consequence of this, the Intemuntio was admitted to a
conference with the Turkish ministers on the 201h ult<imo>. And on the
following day the Reis Effendi gave me a very satisfactory mark of
confidence by imparting to me of his own accord both the obj ect and the
resuit of it. The former address with what I have already stated to Your
Lordship, and the latter, according to his declaration, was an amicable
refusal of the propositions made by the Court of Vienna. This has been
confirmed by the language of the lntemuntio himself, who expresses bis
disatisfaction in the strongest terms. I am further assured that the final
decision of the Sultan is tho ' the same effect.
Y our Lordship will not fail to observe, that there is something
which at first sight appears extraordinary in the conduct of the Turkish
Govemment on this occasion, especially when it is remembered, that the
very same proposal, now rej ected, was not long ago made by the Porte
itself to Austria, who at that time declined it. No fortune, either of arms or
of negotiation, bas since elevated the Porte to that state of security,
whence it may look down with indifference on the distress and disorder of
its provinces. Yet the real and immediate benefit, which it might derive
from the restoration of tranquillity in Servia, and the prospect so exactly
in unison with its acknowledged wishes, and therefore held out by the
Intemuntio, of involving Austria into war with Russia, seems no longer to
engage its attention. A solution, however, of this apparent contradiction is
perhaps to be found in the very circumstance, by which the contradiction
seems to be created.
295
When Austria was invited to mediate between Servia and the
Porte, she withheld her mediation. At the present moment she comes
forward with offers of mediation and guarantee, equally unexpected and
unsommoned. To what is the change to be attributed? Is Austria only
influenced by a sudden apprehension, to which she was before insensible,
of the profit Iikely to accrue to herself from the reconciliation of the Porte
with its rebellious subjects; or, it is that she îs no lorger afraid o f incurring
the hostility of Russia? But for what reason is she now more ready than
heretofore to expose herself to the hazard o f a rupture with that Power? A
sure reliance on the secret approbation and support of France will alone
afford reasonable explanation of her conduct, and this must naturally lead
to a suspicion of the means by which the Govemment o f France has been
induced to depart from its system so decidedly declared in favour of the
aggrandizement of Russia, and can terminate only in a settled and
undistinguishing mistmst of the designs of Austria. Whether the Turkish
ministers have in this instance really acted under the impression, which
such a train of reflection is calculated to produce, and in that case whether
they have acted with prudence, are questions which I cannot take upon
myself to determine. The Reis Effendi confessed to me, however, that he
could not discover any traces of cooperation in this matter between the
Intemuntio and the French Charge d' Affaires.
Two or three days after his conference with the Intemuntio and
before the definite answer came out from the Seraglio, the Reis Effendi
invited me to communicate to him the opinion of His Maj esty's
Govemment on the subj ect. Destitute of all certain information respecting
the real views of the Austrian Cabinet, and equally in want and in
expectation of instruction from Your Lordship, I have not thought it
advisable to accede to this request at the present moment.
And now, my Lord, I will take the liberty of retuming for a
moment, to the question itself, which, in the present state o f the war with
Russia, is no doubt a very important one for this Empire. Regarded
abstractly, and without reference to collateral considerations, there is
every reason to believe, that any arrangement whatever betweeen the
Servians and the Porte, short of entire separation, would be advantageous
and possibly acceptable to the latter. The first fruit would be the
extinction or at least the diminution of the Russian influence in Servia, the
direction if not the actual disposal of the resources of that province, and a
large accession of force to the armies on the Danube. The Porte, however,
is not in a condition to reduce the Servians to obedience by force of arms,
nor will the Servians commit themselves without protection to the
296
engagements o f the Porte; and therefore nothing can be done without the
mediation of some foreign Power.
Now, Austria is the only continental Power whose proposal to that
effect would not be rej ected by the Porte in its present disposition without
a moment' s deliberation. But the intervention of Austria is obj ectionable
to the Porte, who may reasonably suspect, that she acts with the consent,
and therefore under the direction of France, and to England, whose more
extended views and liberal policy may foresee and aprehend the
miserable consequences of her being engaged with Russia in a fruitless
contest, pro fitable only to the comrnon enemy of both. A fear of the same
event seems to be entertained by a certain party at St. Petersburgh, as
appears from the following extract from Count Ludolf s correspondent in
that city, dated the l 8 1h July: "Les evenements heureux de la campagne a
son ouverture ont fait esperer une prompte paix et telle qu'on pourrait
l ' appeler heureuse; on l ' a desire touj ours ardement et on voit avec peine
que le temps passe en attendant sans la conclure; cela deplait d ' autant
plus aux gens bien pensants, que les forces et les moyens de deux
Puissances, Russe et Turque, s'epuisent, et qu' un tiers pourrait s ' en meler
pour augmenter le mal".
In this conj ecture I submit to the consideration of His Maj esty's
Government wheter a so essential service could not be rendered to the
Porte by the intervention of England herself. lt is true that England is far
removed from any point of imrnediate contact with the Servians; but let it
be remembered on the other hand, that it is the good faith of the Porte and
not the fidelity of the Servians, that she would be called upon to
guarantee. That very circumstance indeed, by removing all causes of
j ealousy and mistrust, would probably facilitate the acceptance of
mediation offered by England, and give it a more speedy and lasting
effect. Even the Court of Vienna itself, if really sincere in its proffesions,
would perhaps regard with satisfaction an arrangement thus made under
the auspices of England, which would secure to it the several objects
stated by the Intemuntio, without exposing it to the declared hostility of
Russia.
I wish Your Lordship to understand, not only that the sentiments
of the Servian Leaders with regard to England remain to be ascertained,
but that the Porte has made no overture to me upon the subject beyond
what I have already mentioned. Nevertheless, as I think it more than
probable that the Court of Vienna will renew the proposal and enforce it
perhaps, with a menace of settling the affair, in case of a repeated refusal,
according to its own interests alone, I am anxious to be provided with
297
Your Lordsh ip ' s instructions respecting the language which it will be
expedient for mct the bold on such an occasion. The necessities of the
Porte are so urgent, and the character of the Austrian mediation is at
present so questi onable, that I take the liberty of recommending in the
strongest man ner the subj ect of this dispatch to Your Lordship ' s attention,
and I venture to hope that His Maj esty's Government will view with
indulgence any measures respecting it, which distance from home and the
rapid succession of events, may finally force me to adopt, even before I
shall be honoured with Your Lordship ' s instructions.
I have the honour to be, with greatest respect, My Lord,
Your Lordship ' s most obedient and most servant,
Stratford Canning
Public Record Office, Turkev, dos. 78/80, f. 2 1 O 2 1 3, orig. în 1. engleză,

-
publicat cu lacune şi de C . Mij atovi c , op. cit., p. 80 - 82, nr. 8 1 .
ANEXĂ
AJemoriul Curţii de la Viena către Poartă
Sept<embre> 1 5 1 8 1 O. La Cour <d' Autriche> revient a cette

occasion sur l' affaire Servienne et sur l 'urgence dont il est pour la Porte
d' avoir le dos l ibre de ce câte la, afin de pouvoir employer toutes ses
forces ai lleurs.
La Cour se refere la dessus aux bases deja proposees de part et
d 'autre; L' essentiel en est le retour de la Paix et de la tranquillite en
Servie et que Ies habitants soient a l 'avenir mis a l 'abri des oppressions
qui ont motive leur soulevement.
[ . . . ] Que la Porte ou pour mieux <lire, quelques membres influens
du Divan se depouillent donc une bonne fois de toute mefiance dans Ies
sentiments de loyaute de S.<a> M.<aj este> notre Auguste Maître, en se
hâtant de profiter de la genereuse offre de Garantie, en accordant a des
Esprits egares un pardon plenier base sur des conditions j ustes et
equitables ! Sa Dignite ne souffrira rien par cette condescendance envers
les habitans d'une Province soulevee ou du moins contre son Souverain
legitime que contre les oppresseurs qui ont encouru l e j uste blâme de la
,
Porte elle meme; Sa <lignite dis-j e est pleinement sauvee par l ' intercession
d'un Grand Monarque sincere ami et voisin de l ' Empire Ottoman. Et que
finalement Ies Ministres clair-voyants de la Porte fassent reflexion que si
298
pour y parvenir, ii fallait meme faire quelque sacrifice d'un amour propre,
plus imaginaire d ' ailleurs que reel, la Porte se serait triplement
dedommagee, et par l ' Espoir ote pour touj ours a la Russie d'une diversion
puissante de ce cote ci du Danube, et par la reprise de Deux Principautes,
qui ne saurait qu' etre rassuree d' avantage par Ies effets de la rentree sous
l'obeissance des Serviens, et enfin par l 'heureuse perspective de hâter le
moment de la Pacification avec la Russie.
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos 78/70, f. 2 1 9 - 220;

1 34
Pera, 1 81 O, octombrie 1 4
Ch. S. Canning către lord Wellesley raportându-i despre victoriile

turceşti obţinute asupra ruşilor, urmate de înfrângeri. Dezamăgirea
provocată la Poartă de aceste evenimente, nemulţumirile ienicerilor,
zvonuri despre încheierea unui nou armistiţiu, spre a îngădui negocieri.
Întrevederile lui Canning cu <Mehmed Said> Gaalib Efendi, reis efendi,
care cere intervenţia flotei engleze din Baltică împotriva Rusiei şi
forţarea acestei ţări de a încheia pacea cu recunoaşterea integrităţii
teritoriale a Imperiului Otoman. Scrisoarea generalului <Nikolai
Mihailovici> Kamenski către marele vizir <lusuf Ziya paşa> trimisă prin
ambasadorul Prusiei la St. Petersburg, baronul <Friederich Heinrich
von Schladen> colegului său la Poartă baronul Heinrich von Werther,
care a înaintat-o marelui vizir prin bunele oficii ale S. Canning. Poarta nu
acceptă, însă, oferta de pace cu cedarea Principatelor Dunărene.
Necesitatea pentru turci ca pe plan militar să reocupe Principatele.
No. 1 9
Pera, October 1 4th 1 8 1 O
My Lord,
I have been so long without an opportunity of sending Dispatches

to England, that in order to give Your Lordship an uninterrupted account
of the Military Operations on the Danube. I must perform the melancholy
task of recording Victories, already succeeded by defeat, and of recurring
299
to Events which began in hope, but have long smce closed in
di sappointment
[Deta lii privind operaţiile unui corp de armată rus de 20.000 de
ostaşi iniţiate Ia 29 august împotriva forţelor turceşti, aflate sub comanda
lui Muhtar paşa şi concentrate lângă Rusciuk (Russe); atacul rus a fost
respins cu pierderi de 9000 ostaşi şi 500 ofiţeri dar succesul turcilor n-a
putut fi exploatat din pricina incapacităţii comandantului turc şi a lipsei de
unitate dintre conducătorii armatelor, marele vizir <Iusuf Ziya paşa>
înaintând de la Şumla spre Silistra şi apoi retrăgându-se fără nici un
motiv, iar trupele de la Rusciuk dispersându-se şi fiind bătute, pe rând, de
ruşi. Generalul Kamenski trece la contra-ofensivă la 1 4 septembrie,
zdrobind pe turci lângă Rusciuk şi începând asediul fortăreţei. Câteva
succese minore obţinute de turci în Serbia, nu compensează dezastrul
suferit la Dunăre] .
I can scarcely describe to Your Lordship the dej ection into which
the Ministers of the Porte have been thrown by the misconduct of the
Vizir, and the misfortunes of the Army. Instead of being roused into
exertion by the difficulties of their situation, they preserve only an
inactive obstinacy, which, while it forbids them to take refuge in
measures of reasonable concession, it restrains them at the same time
from res01iing to the means of deliverance which are still to be found in
bold and vigorous opposition to the approaching danger. I had occasion to
fee! the influence of this disposition in the Govenunent before I was
aware of the source from which it came. It was first betrayed by the
unusual impediments which Mr. Pisani 1 met with in course of his
ordinary transactions at the Porte and by an appearance of mistrust &
irritation on the part of the Reis Effendi, which gave me the most serious
uneasiness. This was accompanied with frequent reports of a
communication opened between the two Camps, of Annistice, of
Negotiation; and symptoms of discontent among the Janissaries, and of
disunion in the different branches of the Govenunent did not diminish the
causes of alarn1. [ . . . ] Having no information that could be relied upon,
and also having reason to expect the arrival of Instructions from your
Lordship for the future regulation of my conduct, I w as excluded for the
moment from almost every resource. The disadvantage, arising from the
former circumstance was further aggravated by the necessity, under
which I found myself, of openly avowing and in order to do away a
suspicion which seems to prevail at the Porte, that Peace was concluded
1 B ertha Pisani, dragomanul ambasadei engleze de la Constantinopol
300
between England and Russia and that I was în possession of the Secret.
The delay of every news increased the embarassment; and if the Foreign
Minister had advanced any propositions and all flattering to the wishes of
the Porte at a conjuncture so favourable to the views of this M<inister>. I
could not have answered for the consequences. The arrival of a French
Courier express from Paris a few days before did not leave me without
apprehensions on that head.
To these difficulties I had nothing to oppose but assurances,
already so often repeated, of the lively interest which His Maj esty's
Government never ceases to take in the welfare of this Empire. I thought
it, however, adviseable to afford the Turkish Ministers some opportunîty
of coming to an explanation with me [ . . . ]
With this views I paid a visit to the Kaimacam on the 6th
inst.<ant> The Reis Effendi was present. Immediately, and as if
designedly, they entered into conversation with me on the state of the
War, and the intentions of the Govemrnent in consequence. I found them
very much distressed by the late unfortunate occurences on the Danube,
and the inactivity of the Grand Vizir, anxious at the approach of Winter -
looking round for assistance, but not knowing where to find it and, above
all, desirous of P eace. On the other hand, they assured me that the Porte
was by no means dispîrited, that although Peace was the constant object
of their wishes, they would now accept it on the last conditîons proposed
by Russia. lt was added that the means of resistance were far from being
exhausted; Rudshuk still here out, and there was still a considerable Army
on foot. At the same time they expressed a regreat that England, being
herself at War with Russia was unable to dîscharge the friendly office of
obtaining for the Porte a Peace consistent ar<îght> it' s Honour.
As I could not venture to throw out the most distant insinuation
with regard to the eventual expedîency of sacrificing a part for the
security of the rest, I confined myself at first to expressions of my
confidence in their firmness, and of my impatience to behold an equal
display of vigour and activity în the application of their resources. I then
proceeded to assure them again and again that His Maj esty's Govemrnent,
so far from being indifferent to their situation, was anxious to give them
every assistance in it's power, and I învited them to communicate their
wishes to me without reserve, promising not only to represent them to
Your Lordship, but also to recommend compliance with them, îf it
should be practicable. They accepted this proposal with readiness; and I
have reason to believe that it made a favourable impression upon them.
301
After an interval of a few days the Reis Effendi, in his turn,
invited me to a Conference, which accordingly took place Y esterday. He
began the Conversation : "I have requested your attention" (he said) " on
this occasion, in consequcnce of the readiness you have expressed to
convey the wishes of the Porte to the knowledge of your Govemment.
The Porte has the fullest reliance on the friendship and sincerity of
England, and communicates its wishes in the certainty that they will be
received with kindness and attention. There are faur Points which are of
most importance to the Porte in the present situation, and in which the
Friendship of England would be most serviceable. They are these: That
the English Fleet in the Baltick shore make an active diversion on the
Russian Coast in favour of the Porte. That England should whether by
arms or negotiation force Russia into a Peace with the Porte by whide the
integrity of the Ottoman Empire should be seccured. [ . . . ]
The Porte is not descouraged. The Porte has no obj ect in carryng
on the W ar but to preserve its Empire from dismemberment, and for that
sole obj ect it will carry on the War to the last. If England wishes to
prolonge the contest between Russia and Porte, she has only to withhold
her assistance from the latter. The Army will continue on fact during the
Winter; the Grand Vizir is on the point of marching against the Russians
with his whole Force. The Sultan is retained at Constantinople only by the
want of Money and has by no means given up his intention of
commanding the Army in Persan.
Reports of a Negotiation are quite groundless. The terms which
Russia is ready to propose, are so far apart from those which the Porte is
willing to accept, that a Negotiation cannot be entered upon without the
intervention of a third Power. France is too much the friend of Russia and
Austria is too little her own Mistress, to be trusted b y the Porte.
Notwithstanding therefore that England is herself at war with Russia, it is
through her alone that the Porte can expect to procure the cessation of its
distresses without inj ury to it' s Honour. The Porte will at thi s „ . . give you
a convincing proof of its sincerity. A Letter from the Prussian Minister at
St. Petersburgh to Baron Werther, the Prussian Resident here, has been
sent by General Kaminskoi to the Grand Vizir, who has forwarded it
through my hands to it's destination. On it' s arrival here, I intimated to
Baron W erther that the Porte was desirous to be informed of it' s contents.
He replied that it contained an offer of Peace1 renewed at the suggestion
of the Russian Govemment, on terms similar (with the exception of the
• Scris pe margine : "Mr. Adair's dispatch no. 23 of 51h July 1 8 1 O"
3 02
5 th Article, which was withdrawn) to those formerly rej ected; but having
no authority from his own Court, he hesitated to propose it to the Porte.
The Porte has now invited him to Conference at which he will bring
forward this proposal, and I shall desire him officially to write in answer
to his Colleague at St. Peterburgh, that the Porte is ever ready to make
Peace, but only on the basis of the lntegrity of it' s Empire, and that it
refers the Russian Government to the terms of the last overture made by
0
the Grand Vizir"
This, My Lord, is the substance of what the Reis Effendi said to
me [ . . . ] The stability of our Relations with the Porte depends on their
expectation of assistance from us in the first p lace, and on the effectual
means of defence to be derived from any such assistance in the second.
From that part of it which relates to the question of Mediation I am afraid
we must infer that England is more indebted for the preservation of her
influence here to Bonaparte' s imprudent declarations in favour of Russia,
than to the dissinterested attachment of the Porte or to it's steady
persuasion that the Ruler of France has vowed the destruction of this
Empire. Hence it follows that an appearance of coolness between Russia
and France may at any time again throw the Porte into the arms of the
latter. Notwithstanding the boasted resolution which may however be
sincere at this moment, of carrying on the W ar, until the Provinces
occupied by Russia be restored, I should never be surprized at the most
sudden change of opinion on that point. The habitual Pride of this
Government gives a colour to all its proceedings; and may in this instance
explain the motive of the Reis Effendi in announcing that Resolution.
Your Lordship will excuse me if I take this opportunity of expressing my
conviction that, unless some proof, be speedely given to the Porte of the
interest which His Maj esty's Government professes . . . for thi s Empire, the
Peace will be exposed to continua! danger.
[ . . . ] Stratford Canning
••
Idem: "Mr. Adair's dispatch no. 7, of 3 1 March 1 8 1 0
303
1 35
Pera, 181 O, noiembrie 2 1
Ch. S. Canning către lord Wellesley: despre operaţiile de la

Rusciuc şi Giurgiu şi imposibilitatea turcilor de a obţine victoria şi
situaţia de inferioritate faţă de ruşi care îşi menţin ocupaţia în
Principate. Schimbul de scrisori între generalul Kamenski şi marele vizir
<lusuf Ziya paşa> rămas fără urmări datorită poziţiei ireconciliabile a
celor doi adversari, Poarta neconsimţind la cedarea Principatelor
Dunărene.
No. 22
Pera, November 20 1h 1 8 1 O
My Lord,
The reduction of Rudshuk and Giurdgiova, which I announced to

your Lordship in my last Dispatch, has not hitherto led to the
consequences so justly apprehended at the time according to the plan
pursued by the Russians at the opening of the Campaign, it was expected
that they would immediately advance from Rudshuk against the Turkish
army at Shumla, and the experience of history has taught us how easily a
Grand Vizir may be abandoned by his Troops, and forced to sign a Treaty
of Peace on any terms that a victorious army may choose to dictate: This
was my first apprehension and I hastened to do what little lay in my
power to put the govemment <on> its guard, and if possible to prevent the
adoption of precipitate measures, which the general alarm and dej ection
the Porte rendered but too probable. The Reis Effendi assured me,
however, at the same time that he could not deny the critica} situation of
the Grand Vizir, that nothing would be concluded at the Camp without the
immediate sanction of the Porte. And at my suggestion which one would
hardly have thought requise - he engaged that Persons should be send to
examine the passes of the Balkan and throw up batteries in such places as
should be found to offer the means of resistance for keeping the Russians
in check, and enabling the Turkish army to effect its retreat with safety in
case of need.
[Liniştea care domneşte pe front între armata rusă condusă de
generalul Kamenski şi cea turcă] .
I n searching fo r some satisfactory explanation of this strange
inaction on the part of the Russians, a Negotiation is the first object that
304
presents itself, yet I have every reason to believe that nothing of this
exists. In addition to what I communicated to Your Lordship in my
Dispatch No. 1 9, respecting the overture made to the Porte through the
Prussians Ministers here and at St. Petersburgh I have since obtained such
further information of what has lately passed between the two Armies, as
to convinced me that the Reis Efendi, although he has not thought proper
to tell me the truth in all its particulars, has had however, deceived me on
the main point.
At the same time the General Kaminskoi forwarded to the Grand
Vizir the letter containing the above - mentioned overture, he alsa sent
one from himself, in which he declared: That the Emperor of Russia was
ready to make peace with the Porte, on the basis of having the Danube for
a boundary; and that if the Porte accepted the basis, no pecuniary
demands would be made upon her, and Russia would engage no longer to
interfere in the affairs of the Servians. To this he added that in such a case
some means would doubtless be found of settling all other differences
between the two Government. <s>
The answer given by the Porte to the overture conveyed through
the Prussian Minister served alsa as a reply to general Kaminskoi 's
proposal which was made soon after the disastrous Battle that preceded
the Capitulation of Rudshuk. Upon the fall of that fortress the Grand Vizir
sent to propose an armistice which was refused by the Russian general
unless on the condition already required <to> the basis of a Negotiation
for Peace, and already rej ected as inadmissible.
As for as I can leam, no other communication has taken place
between the two armies, and both parties seem to wait in silent
expectation, equally inactive, equally desirous of peace and equally
determined not to give up the point in dispute.
[Despre starea forţelor armate ruse şi turce se crede că
răspunderea înfrângerilor suferite de armata turcă s-ar datora marelui
vizir; detalii cu privire la campania ruso - turcă] .
[ „ .] In pursuing this reflection I am led to conjecture that the
causes, which at this moment sustain the courage of the Porte, and prompt
it to hold a language so little corresponding with its situation, are, first,
the persuasion of a misunderstanding between France and Russia; and
secondly an idea that the cession of Wallachia would induce Austria to
throw herself into the arms of France. Whatever momentary good may be
effected by these opinions, I cannot shut my eyes to the mischief which
they are calculated ultimately to produce. I shall, therefore, do my utmost
to <follow?> over their progress, and according to circumstances,
305
endeavour to give them such a direction as may counteract their evil
tendency, and prevent <them> from being prejudic ial to the true interests
of the Porte.
I have etc.
Straford Canning
1 36
Ch. S. Canning către lord Wellesley, despre eventualitatea

Începerii unor negocieri de pace Între ruşi şi turci. Plecarea fostului
ambasador Italinski de la St. Petersburg la Bucureşti pusă în legătură cu
zvonurile de pace. Scepticismul dregătorilor turci în privinţa sincerităţii
intenţiilor guvernului ţarist. Interesul Angliei de a se iniţia negocieri între
Rusia şi Poartă şi a se evita influenţa nefastă a Franţei şi Austriei asupra
dregătorilor Divanului. Justificarea memoriului adresat miniştrilor turci
de rezidentul britanic la Constantinopol, recomandându-le o atitudine
moderată şi înţelegătoare faţă de posibilitatea încheierii unei păci
onorabile cu Rusia. lmposibilitatea pentru Poartă de a ceda provinciile
dunărene Rusiei. Obţinerea de informaţii de către rezidentul britanic în
Turcia asupra intenţiilor paşnice ale ţarului A lexandru de a încheia
pacea cu turcii, manifestând îngrijorare faţă de planurile lui Napoleon.
Atitudinea intransigentă a reis-efendi-ului Mehmed A 'rif Efendi, care a
comunicat rezidentului britanic că Turcia nu va consimţi la nici o cesiune
teritorială faţă de Rusia. Avertismentul dat m in istrului otoman de
rezidentul britanic care i-a recomandat o atitudine realistă şi mai multă
reţinere faţă de eventualitatea izbucnirii unui război între Franţa şi
Rusia, din care Poarta nu ar avea nimic de câştigat. Insistă asupra
interesului pe care îl poartă guvernul britanic faţă de soarta Imperiului
Otoman şi de beneficiile ce ar rezulta pentru turci dintr-o apropiere ruso
engleză. Asigurări date de reis-efendi lui Stratford Canning în privinţa
amiciţiei şi încrederii pe care le manifestă Poarta faţă de Marea Britanie.
Fostul reis-efendi Mehmed Sai 'd Gaalib Efendi considerat drept viitor
negociator din partea otomană cu autorităţile ruse. Rezidentul britanic
recomandă guvernului de la Londra mai multă fermitate şi precizarea
306
poziţiei sale faţă de Poartă. În anexă memorandumul prezentat
miniştrilor turci de Stratford Canning privitor la perspectivele încheierii
războiului dintre Poartă şi Rusia.
No . 1
Pera, J anuary 2 n d 1 8 1 1
My Lord,
A report has for some time prevailed that Mr. ltalinsky is on his
way from St. Petersburgh with full - powers to conclude a Treaty of
Peace with the Porte, on terms considerably more favourable than those
hitherto proposed by General Kaminskoi. The well - known character of
that Minister, and the long inactivity of the Russian Army, together with
several other circumstances, had, as early as the latter end of November,
occasioned a general belief that the Emperor Alexander was ready to
renew his former connection with England, and consequently to renounce
his fatal attachrnent to the System of France. The Porte, indeed, pretended
to view Mr. ltalinsky's Mission in a very different light, and to suspect
that the Court of St. Petersburgh, far from having any disposition really
pacific, had no other object in sending him to the Russian Head Quarters,
but to excite disturbances among the J anissaries, by raising hopes of
Peace which were soon to be disappointed. The Reis Efendi also repeated
his assurances that no negotiation was actually on foot. But as every thing
seemed to tend in that direction, and as the news of Mr. ltalinsky' s arrival
at Buccarest was expected from day to day, I conceived that no time was
to be lost in taking such measures as were best calculated at the moment
to secure a good footing for English influence in case of that event: an
object of the highest importance, whatever might be the intentions of the
Russian Government, or the spirit in which it was prepared to treat with
the Porte.
To establish an intercourse of perfect confidence between the
Porte and His Majesty's Mission, at the very commencement of a
Negotiation with Russia, is indeed the more desirable, as without it an
opening would be lefi: to the intrigues of France and the interference of
Austria, which, in the present state of things, would not fail to be equally
prejudicial to our interests. And although I had no reason to suppose that
the Reis Efendi deceived me as to the actual existence of a negotiation,
yet observing how little the efficient resources or the exertions of the
Porte corresponded with its language, I could not but feel anxious to
ascertain how far that language was to be regarded as sincere, and in what
307
manner the Sentiments of the Turkish Govemment were really affected
by the prospect of a change in the policy of Russia . .
But in doing this, it was incumbent on me not only to avmd every
thing that might in the least degree commit His Maj esty's Govemment,
but as much as possible to keep within the course prescribe d to Mr. Adair
by Your Lordshi p ' s Predece sor. .
The Reis Efendi himself afforded me a favourable opportumty for
the accomplishment of these obj ects, by frequently betraying a great
impatience to know whether I had received any intelligence from St.
Petersburgh, or Vienna, through the secret corresponden ce of which Your
Lordship has been apprized, and continually requesting that I would
communicate to him all I knew respecting the Reports in circulation. I
therefore drew up the Paper of which a Copy is enclosed, and presented it
to him, as Your Lordship will perceive, in an unofficial shape; at the same
time directing my first Interpreter to inform him that it was to be received
as strictly confidential, but that if the Porte should think proper to invite
me to a Conference, in order to enter more deeply into the Subj ect, I was
ready to accept the Invitation.
I will not presume to trouble Your Lordship with any detailed
explanation of this Paper, as I trust that it will be found sufficiently
explicit in itself, and, as far as I can j udge, so entirely conformable to the
views of His Maj esty' s Govemment, as hardly to require any. lndeed, as
it was communicated officially to the Porte, I might perhaps have
hesitated to present it at all to Your Lordship, were it not that it contains
some information which I have not hitherto had occasion to notice.
It will suffice to remark that, although the principal object of this
Step was to induce the Turkish Ministers to open themselves to me
without reserve, yet I had it particularly in view, as Your Lordship will
observe, to counteract the evil effects which the persuasion of a
misunderstanding between Russia and France is likely to produce, i f not
properly directed; and on the other hand, to turn the attention of the Porte
to the chief dangers that are to be apprehended from a Peace with Russia,
while the Power continues in a State of subserviency to France, and the
absolute necessity of providing against them in such a case. My own
opinion of the Resources of this Empire, and the issue of the last
Campaign, would have led me to express myself much more distinctly
respecting the expediency of making the Sacrifice demanded by Russia.
But the point is a very delicate one. And without the utmost caution I
should only have excited the j ealousy of the Porte, and thereby defeated
my own intentions.
308
By offering to the Turkish Ministers a fair and impartial statement,
I hoped to overcome their prejudices; and by leaving room for reflection,
to make them feel the absurdity of opposing a powerful and victorious
Enemy with high words and empty declarations of firmness. And since
they professed to consider Mr. ltalinsky's mission as not affording the
smallest reason to suppose that Russia was inclined to adopt a more
conciliatory System, I thought it but just to assume the possession of the
Provinces beyond the Danube as the real bone of contention between the
two Empires: the more so, as whatever might be suggested by such a view
of the question, would acquire a double force if Russia should actually
lower her pretentions.
At the same time, my Lord, I venture to persuade myself, that the
step I have thus taken entirely failed of its effect. The Reis Efendi
received the communication with many expressions of thankfulness &
Satisfaction; and by him it was conveyed to the other members of the
Council, & subsequently to the Seraglio. He also informed me that it was
the intention of the Turkish Govenunent to invite me to a conference, for
the further consideration of the important matters on which they were at
issue with Russia. But two or three incidents occurred to delay the
execution of this proposal, and in the interval some letters arrived from
St. Petersburgh which have confirmed in a great degree the reports
already mentioned, and have enabled me to come more directly to the
point I aimed at.
It cannot be necessary on this occasion to specify the means or the
channel by which I have obtained these letters; it will be sufficient to put
Y our Lordship in possession of their contents, and to state in a few words
the use I made of them.
lt appears then, my Lord, that the ill success of the Russian Army
at Shumla, in the early part of the Campaign, has produced the desired
effect, by disappointing the expectations entertained at St. Petersburgh of
the immediate submission of the Porte. That the Emperor was anxious to
make Peace no less on account of the exhausted State of his Finances,
than in order to provide against the hostile designs of France. That the
conclusion of Peace was hourly expected in consequence of the more
moderate conditions which General Kaminskoi had been emp9wered to
propose: But to prevent any further delay, that Mr. Italinsky was on the
eve of setting out of Buccorest, charged with the Russian Ultimatum,
which stipulates for the cession either of all the Turkish tenitory on the
lefi Bank of the Danube, or at least of all to the Northward of the Pruth,
with an indemni fi.cation in money for the rest. The latest of these letters is
309
datcd the 2 i11 of October, and conveys an intimation, that Negotiations
opened at Buccorest, under the direction of Mr. Italinski, rr: ay be made
conducive to the re-establishment of a good understandmg between
Russia and Great Britain.
In communicating to the Reis Efendi what part of the above
mentioned letters I thought it expedient for him to know, I found it
necessary to avoid as much as possible the appearance of advising any
cession of te1Titory, however small. His language in this instance was
even more positive and determined than what I have reported to Your
Lordship in my former dispatches. It was not only the resolution of the
Govemment, he said, never to cede an inch of land, but it was equally its
resolution never to make Peace with Russia, unless that Power should
give up all its pretensions, of whatever nature they might be, respecting
the dispute Provinces. When I contrasted this extravagant assertion with
the real Situation and Conduct of the Porte, and when I recollected that
even while the Reis Efendi was pronouncing it, the Grand Vizir had not
more than 4000 men under his command, I could hardly consider it as
serious. But after ample deliberation, and repeatedly retuming to the
Subject, his language is still the same, and attended with so many
appearances of confidence and sincerity, as scarcely to leave room for
mistrust. All reliance on any aid to be expected, either directly from
Austria by means of a demonstration against Russia, or indirectly from
France in consequence of a coolness between Buonaparte and the
Emperor Alexander, as a motive to continued resistance, is now utterly
disclaimed; and I am assured that the Porte looks only to its own
resources and the protection of Providence.
Nothing can be obj ected to the Spirit which seems to dictate this
declaration, but the want of means to support it; and of these the Porte
must itself be judge. I have, therefore, taken the part of congratulating the
Turkish Govemment on the prosperous state of their resources - a natural
inference to be drawn from the high tone they have assumed, - and while I
express my eamest desire to see the whole of those resources brought into
active and immediate use, I have cautioned them against the danger of
imagining that Russia will speedily recede from all her pretensions,
because she has already receded from all her pretensions, because she has
already receded from so much; and for many reasons I have thought it
essential to point out to them the advantage that may be derived from
opening a Negotiation with Mr. Italinsky, if it be only to gain time in
order to prepare for a more vigorous renewal of hosti lities. And further in
declaring my readiness to promote, to the utmost of my power, the
3 10
restoration of Peace between Russia and the Porte, I have not omitted to
press upon their convinction that it is only through the reconciliation of
England with Russia, that the Porte can hope thoroughly to detach the
Court of St. Petersburgh from the System of Usurpation which has sprung
out of its connection with France.
In answer to at this, the Reis Efendi has again repeated his
assurances of unlimited cofidence in His Majesty's Government, and has
again engaged to conceal nothing from me relating to the question of
Peace with Russia. He seems to approve of the idea of setting on foot a
Negotiation with Mr. Italinsky, ::it all events, and he has requested me to
write on the subject to Ghalib Efendi, who is now Reis Efendi at the
Camp, and who in that case will probably be appointed Plenipotentiary
for the Porte. But he adds that the preparations for war will suffer no
intermission, and that will impart to me before long the plan of Campaign
for the next year, as well as the intended operations of the Fleet.
If words are ever to be believed, or appearances to be trusted,
there is at present the fullest reason to be satisfied with the confidence
which the Porte reposes in the friendship and good faith of His Maj esty' s
Government. But this is not the Country where implicit reliance is to be
placed on any thing. The most important affairs are in general the least
accessible to secret Agents. There are, indeed, many points of information
which I am obliged to take on the Reis Efendi' s bare assenion, and
though the Persan who at present fills that Office, enjoys the reputation of
a sincere and an honest man, yet it is impossible to divest oneself of all
doubt and uneasiness respecting matters that can be verified only by the
event. The proceedings of the French Charge d' Affaires, and sometimes
those of the Intemuntio, can be ascertained only through him. And though
he is apparently very unreserved in his communications to me on those
subjects, at the same time that nothing has lately occurred to give me any
unusual anxiety on that score, yet so much do I feel myself exposed to
deception from the very character of the place that I should never be
surprised at any occurrence, however sudden, or contrary to expectation.
Affairs at the Camp are more open to notice; and I think I can
assure Your Lordship that as late as the end of December , nothing either
of a hostile or pacific nature had taken place between the two Annies.
The Russians seems to have very few troops on the Danube; but quite
sufficient, I believe, to maintain their ground even if the Grand Vizir, who
is still ordered to remain at Shumla, were in a condition to attack them.
The fortresses they now possesses on the right bank of the Danube give
strength to a small force; and, as I conceive, would enable the Emperor of
311
Russia to withdraw the greater part of his Army, in case of alarm, in other
quarters, without endangering what he has acquired on this side.
The Servi ans seem to partake of the general Repose; but they
suffered considerably during the last Campaign; and the treachery of their
Russian Protectors will soon, perhaps, give them up to still greater
sufferings, i f some other Power does not interfere to save them.
Thi s, my Lord, is as near as I can dscribe it, the State of affairs
here at present. But I should ill discharge the duties of my Situation, the
first of which is to convey the Truth to Your Lordship, were I to conceal -
what indeed is continually pressed upon my attention both publicly and
privately, - that the long silence preserved in England with regard to this
Country does not only produce an unfavourable impression at the Porte,
but, if continued, will not fail before long to occasion the most serious
embarrassament to His Maj esty's Mission.
I have the Honour to be with the highest Respect, My Lord,
Your Lordship Most Obedient Humble Servant,
Stratford Canning
[Adresa : ] The Most Noble

The Marquis Wellesley, K.G.,
&. &. &.
[Pe verso : ] 2
Pera. January d , 1 8 1 1
Mr. Stratford Canning No. 1
1 Inclosure. Rec<eive>d M<ar>ch 1 1 , 1 8 1 1
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/73 , f. 1 5 - 23 ; orig.

în I. engleză.
Memorandum
November 29th 1 8 1 O
In moments of the most active hostility, in the hurry of military

operations, în victory and in defeat, it should never be forgotten that
Peace îs the only end and object of war. It îs the first duty of a belligerent
nation to keep this great principie steadily în view, and to make use of
every opportunity, which the vicissitudes of fortune may present, in order
to ascertain the real nature and importance of the obstacles which stand în
the way of Peace, and the effective means of removing them. Such an
opportunity î s now offered to the Porte at a crisis when, în consequence of
312
recent events, both the Porte and its Enemy are called upon to decide
perhaps irrevocably, on the awful question of Peace or War.
Russia has already announced her resolution not even to enter into
negotiation but on the basis of having the Danube for a boundary. And
though it would be dificult to support the justice of her pretensions, she
may possibly ground her title to them on the late Successes of her arms,
the pledged concurrence of Buonaparte and the weakness of Austria,
without exposing herself to the charge of extravagance or presumption.
The resolution embraced by Russia leaves the Porte but one
alternative - immediate Peace on the conditions prescribed, or war to be
terminated only by the destruction of one or other of the parties.
Now, it is presumed that the Porte perceives the expediency of
making a decisive choice without delay, not only on account of the
advantages it will derive in either case from an impartial inquiry into its
own situation, but in pursuance of the intention announced at the
oppening of this Campaign; and, therefore, a fair examination of the
above alternative cannot be unseasonable or unprofitable in the present
instance.
To any one reflecting upon the subject, it is obvious that the
decision of the Porte must be principally guided, if not wholly
determined, by the answers to be given to the following questions: 1 -Is it
worth while to stake the existence of the Empire on the object in dispute?
2 Do the resources of the State afford a reasonable prospect of Success?
-
3 What are the views and dispositions of the neighbouring Powers?

-
The first and second of these questions must be left to the

exclusive consideration of the Turkish Govemment, which doubtless
possesses the information necessary to form a correct opinion. According
to experience and its System of interna} policy, the Porte will estimate the
intrinsick value of the Provinces demanded by Russia; and all uncertainty
respecting the State of the Army, and the means of maintaining and
recruiting it, must now be removed at the clase of a Campaign, which was
always meant to be the touchstone of the military . resources of the
Country. Trial has been made as well of the courage and discipline of the
troops, as of the conduct and ability of the Commander in Chief; and the
Porte must at length know exactly what it has to depend upon in the hour
of danger. In short, it is for the Porte alone to judge of the effect which
the cession of its Provinces beyond the Danube would have upon the
remaining part of the Empire, and to estimate beforehand the means,
which it still retains, of driving the Russians out of them.
313
But thc th i rd question, though not less important than the
preceding ones, is of much greater extent and difficulty. At a time when
by rcason of the weakness of some Govemments, and the ambition of
others, the intentions of none are to be extempted from suspicion, the
assurances of none are to be irnplicitly relied upon, the true answer must
be obtained by interferences drawn from events, and by information
derived from remote sources, and conveyed through secret and circuitous
channels. It is bere that the Turkish Cabinet must look for asistance from
abroad; and consequently it is here that the most essential advantage may
accrue from the friendly interference of England, who has no interest but
in pointing out the truth, and thereby detecting the designs of those who
seek the destruction of all Independent States. In proceeding, therefore, to
a fair discussion of this question, no apology is requisite.
By the Treaty of Vienna, France is become the neighbour of the
P01ie, and unhappily for the Turkish Empire, is the first to arrest our
attention, not only by its enormous Bulk and ambitious Views, but also by
its vicinity. The entire Strength and Energies of that unprincipled
association, which is collected together under the imposing title of the
French Empire, are at the disposal of one man; and the obj ect pursued by
that man, with undeviating perseverance, is single and invariable. It is no
less than the acquisition of ounbounded ( ! ) power by the overthrow of
every i ndependent Govemment within his reach. Of this he never loses
sight. The whole system of his policy, every measure he adopts, every
enterprize he undertakes, all tend to the same point. Nor is it the necessary
to go for back in search of proof: the fate of Holland and of Spain, still
fresh in our recollection, is sufficient. lt were fruitless then to expect any
radical or sincere change in his disposition. His conduct indeed may vary,
and does so continually; but any such variation is by no means to be
attributed to any improvement of his character, or any reformation of his
principles; it is ahvays to be traced to some embarrassment in which he
has entangled himself by his outrageous violence in attempting to
overleap or to overthrow every obstacle that stops the course of his
Usurpations. lt is then that he temporises, conciliates, flatters, promises
and bribes; and by these arts he lulls his future Victims into indifference,
or cheats them into hope, or tempts them into participation; but once
extricated from his difficulties, he shakes off restraint, resumes his former
audacity, and defying the awakened hostility of united Nations, he
marches onward in his Career, emboldened by Success, and fearless of
resistance.
3 14
But the Porte has been too often upon his guard by admonition,
experience and observation to be again misled by hollow professions, or
specious appearances. The Ruler of France has been for some time
engaged in a war with Spain, which is destrnctive to his troops, ruinous to
his finances, unpopular, and of very doubtful issue. The past
circumstances and the present State of this War, so distressing to France,
are already laid before the Divan; nor can any one be ignorant of the
difficulty with which the Govemment of the Country continues to support
its numerous and expensive establishments. This is not an assertion
hazarded at random. lt is notorious that Buonaparte has purchased the
tolerance of the French by relieving them in a great measure from the
burthen of taxation which oppressed them in former times. This he has
been able to effect by reason of the plunder which he has collected in war,
and the contributions which he has levied in the Countries occupied by
his forces. But his rapacity has exhausted the treasures of the Continent;
he has destroyed the fairest provinces of Europe, and he is now reduced to
the altematives of either laying the taxes on his own people beyond their
power of endurance, or losing the affections of bis soldiers by ceasing to
enrich them.
lt appears then that Buonaparte is at present embarassed by two
principal difficulties - the war in Spain, and the want of money. At tbe
same time his projects in tbe North of Europe are beginning to unfold
themselves. lt matters not whether chance or intrigue bas procured him so
unexpected a footing in that quarter. At all events the secret Spring is
touched, his Schemes are set in motion, but as yet they are imperfect, and
liable to be deranged and finally overset by many accidents. His own
mistrustful nature, and the consciousness of bis designs, leave him no
room to doubt that the election of Bemadotte to the inberitance of the
Swedish Crown will excite the fears and suspicions of Russia; and
sensible of his embarassments, he cannot but foresee the prejudice which
will not fail to result to his interests from the opposition of that power at
the present moment. He has reason to dread the prospect of being again
exposed to the same hazardous situation in which he was placed at the
commencement of his last war with Austria. He well knows that he would
find in Russia a still more formidable enemy tban Austria; for if he
marches to attack her, he must not only withdraw the greater part of his
forces from Spain, but he must leave in his rear more than one nation
which, though weakened by continuai misfortunes and dejected by
disgrace, would gladly seize a favourable opportunity of revenge; and if
315
he hcsitatcs to strikc an immcdiate blow, Russia may retard and even
defeat the exccution of his plans in Sweden.
For these reasons he has again recourse to the same Expedients
which he employed so successfully at Erfu1ih, in order to obtain the co
operation of the Emperor Alexander in his measures against Spain and
Austria. By assurances of unreserved concurrence in the aggrandisement
of the Russian Empire, he hopes to gain an easy conquest over that weak
and credu lous monarch. The tempter even threatens while he flatters; and
at the same time that he provides for his security in case of the worst, he
makes such early demonstrations o his power as he thinks best calculated
to repress the rising spirit of resistance.
For this purpose he is fortifying Dantzick, and collecting troops in
the North of Germany, under the shallow pretence of preventing the
imp01iation of English Manufacturers at a Season when the severity of the
climate itself suspends all navigation in those frozen seas. With the same
view he hastens his preparations for the Re-establishment of the Kingdom
of Poland; and has actually required the King of Saxony to increase the
number of his Troops, while the Polish Army is already 5 0,000 strong.
Nor are there any symptoms of a preconcerted arrangement
respecting Sweden between the Courts of Paris and St. Petersbourgh. On
the contrary, the unfounded reports with regard to Prussia have <lied
away: Bemadotte passes into Sweden through Zealand; and almost at the
same instant the deposed King, Gustavus, is received with open arms into
the Russian Territories.
If these facts could admit of any doubt respecting the actual
posture of Buonaparte's Affairs, and his apprehensions of a rupture with
Russia, it would be removed by the tone and language wich the French
Gazettes have lately assumed. The following extract from the Paris
Moniteur - that mischievous instrument, by which the Chief o f the French
Govemment prepares the way for his revolutionary measures, and issues
doctrines favourable to their reception both at home and abroad - will
best serve for an example: "La Finlande a ete cede par la Suede a la
Russie; cette Province est Russe, et c' est un des avantages que ce grand
Empire a retire de son Alliance avec la France. La Finlande etait une des
provinces necessaires a la Russie pour centraliser son Empire. Le Comte
Kamenskoi a Ies troupes necessaires pour se maintenir dans Ies provinces
qu'il a conquises sur le Danube. Si l 'Empereur Alexandre j uge
convenable d'y envoyer de nouvelles Troupes, qui peut l ' en empecher?
L' Empereur Napoleon est sur de la Russie, comme la Russie est sure de la
France". It is to be remarked that this language is adopted for a double
316
purpose, first to quiet the Emperor Alexander, and secondly to throw dust
in the eyes of those to whom he would look for aid in case of an open
quarrel with France.
The natural inference to be drawn from the facts above stated is,
that Buonaparte suspects a coolness towards him on the part of the
Emperor Alexander. And the very existence of such a suspicion itself
affords a presumption of its justness, as he is unfortunately too well
inforrned, and has too much penetration to be easily deceived. And is not
another argument in favo'ur of this probability to be found in the conduct
of General Kamenskoi, since the reduction of Rudshuk, - and in the
milder conditions which he has lately pressed, with so much eamestness,
on the acceptance of the Porte?
But let not the Porte be so forgetful of her true interests as to
imagine that any degree of coolness between France and Russia will be of
service to her. The same motive that induces Buonaparte, in Spite of his
new Connecti.on with Sweden, to recognize and confirm the incorporation
of Finland with the Russian Empire, will also, in conjunction with other
arising out of his general System, urge him to be more forward than ever
in favouring the Acquisitions of that Power on the Danube. And even if
this coolness should break out into actual war, what advantage can the
Porte expect to derive from it? Above all, let her beware of founding any
hopes of a change in the sentiments of Buonaparte towards her on the
prospect of that event. In such a base, it will be his interest to foment the
Contest between Russia and the Porte, and to restore his influence over
the latter, only to use it as a chek upon the Emperor Alexander, - as a
temptation by which he may again draw him within his Circle of
Enthralment: In such a Case, he will readily sacrifice the Porte to secure
the Subserviency of Russia.
But it may possibly be imagined, that immediate Peace between
the Porte and Russia, on the terms proposed, would bring on a rupture
between France and the Porte. Y et a little reflection will make it appear
that the contrary is most probable. Does not Buonaparte at this moment
exhibit the utmost disregard of the Porte by openly approving and
encouraging the dismemberment of its Empire? And is it not for the mere
purpose of attaching Russia to his Cause, that he is now so indifferent to
the Resentment of the Porte? Pursuing the same Princip le, therefore, in an
opposite direction, he will do all in his power to avoid a quarrel with the
Porte when she is connected with Russia, equally whether he be himself
at peace or at war with the latter; in one case, to have an enemy the less;
in the other, to conciliate the Emperor of Russia. Besides, is it not the
317
height of infatuation for the Porte to be influenced by the apprehension of
such a contingency,convinced as she must be, that the Ruler of France has
already vowed the destruction of this Empire, and that no degree of
concession, Submission or even co-operation will delay for a single
instant the performance of his vow? ln truth, it is to be hoped that the
Turkish Ministers will at length see the necessity of rescuing themselves
from the unmanly dread of France that, like some enervating disease,
more fatal than the power which inspires it, has long pervaded and
oppressed their counsels.
But again it may be imagined, if Russia should come to blows
with France after the conclusion of a Peace between Russia and the Porte
on the proposed Condition, that Austria would range herself under the
Standard of Buonaparte. This she would do either to get possession of the
provinces ceded to Russia, or to force an opening for herself through the
territories retained by the Porte. But instead of pursuing a distant inquiry
into the possible consequences of such an event, which would only divert
the attention from obj ects of more pressing importance, it will be far more
useful to ascertain the present dispositions of the Austrian Govemment. If
they are satisfactory, it is sufficient.
It was certainly natural to suppose that the marriage of Buonaparte
with an Austrian Princess, would lead to a politica! alliance between
France and Austria. This supposition was encouraged by the long Stay of
Count Mettemich at Paris, and even by the character of that Minister. He
has, however, terminated his mission; he has even retumed to his post, but
nothing appears to warrant the Suspicious that were entertained. On the
contrary, every thing seems to indicate the determination of Austria not to
form any closer Connection with France than was effected by the Treaty
of Vienna. It is true that the fluctuating State of European politicks, the
Events of to-morrow may disprove the assurances of to-day, but in the
mean time our judgment must be formed on the materials before us.
The Unwillingness of Austria to enter into System of France may
be accounted for in the first instance by the severe disappointment which
she has experienced with regard to the consequences of the marriage. In
the first moment of credulity, she dreamt of contributions remitted, of
Provinces restored, of indemnification, and Security. But the unyielding
Sternne ss of Buonaparte soon dissipated the illusion, and the Austrian
Governn1ent seems at length to have discovered that there is nothing to
hope. Nor is this unsupported by the testimony o f facts.
The Emperor has refused to ratify a Treaty of Commerce
negotiated by Count Mettemich and M. de Champagny; and a Resident
318
Minister from Russia has presented his letters of Credence at the Court of
Vienna. It is almost superfluous to add that the most positive assurances
from Vienna confirm the impression produced by these Circumstances;
and represent the Austrian Government as wholly occupied in the
management of its disordered finances.
Now, if Austria is sincerely determined to stand alone and
unconnected with France, she has nothing to apprehend from the violence
of Buonaparte, embarassed as he is, so longe as she remains quiet, and
attending only to her domestick concems abstains from all interference in
the disputes between her Neighbours. But if she attempts to put herself
forward, and to take an active part in the general Affairs of Europe, and in
order to re-establish and influence abroad, independent of France,
assumes the character of Umpire, Mediator, or Guarantee, Buonaparte
will never be a tame Spectator of her Struggles to escape from his
Controul. So long as Austria continues in a State of repose and inactivity,
Buonaparte will not think it worth while to expose himself to the chance
of provoking her into resistance by trying to force her into his System; but
he will not hesitate to incur that hazard, great as it may be, rather than
suffer her to act in any way not strictly conformable to his plans - of
which the destruction of the Turkish Empire in Europe is always one. In a
word, if Austria moves forward at present in any direction whatever, it is
from France that she must receive the impulse.
With regard to the temper in which Russia is now disposed to treat
with the Turkish Government, something may perhaps be collected as
well from the foregoing observations, as from an impartial review of her
recent conduct. But whether the Emperor Alexander has no object in view
but to secure his conquests on the Danube, as an Equivalent for the
expenses of the war, of whether he wants them as a Stepping Stone of
further Encroachments on this Empire - whether he is influenced merely
by a momentary jealousy of France, or whether, opening his Eyes to the
dangerous designs of Buonaparte, he aims at detaching himself entirely
from that Power, - are points that can be set in their true light only in the
course of Negotiation.
But it is time to revert to the original question and at length to
determine what is to be inferred from this inquiry into the views and
dispositions of the neighbouring Powers. This is a task particularly
reserved for the enlightened members of the Divan, who will probably,
however, agree in the following ·apinions, which as they are the mast
obvious, are perhaps the most correct alsa.
3 19
1 -st. That existing Govemment of France is never to be trusted by
the Porte under any circumstances whatever.
2-dly. That Austria is not to be suspected by the Porte, so long as
she remains quiet; nor trusted, if she attempts to take an active part in the
concems of the Porte.
3-dly. That Russia is at this moment to be regarded as sincerely
willing to make Peace on the terms proposed.
This last position gives rise to further refl ections, which it will be
useful to pursue and to examine. Let it then be supposed that the chance
of recovering the Provinces occupied by Russia is not to be weighed
against the disadvantage of continuing the War, has the Porte any other
Reasons to suggest against the Conclusion of a Peace on that basis? Has
she reason to apprehend ( ! ) any other consequences which may resuit
from such a Peace, exclusive of those already stated in reference to
France and Austria? Doubtless she has. Nor it is ever to be forgotten that
Russia may have more extensive conquest in view, either solely for
herself or in conjunction with others; and that she may mean to make use
of Peace and her augmented influence, in order to force the Porte into,
what is called, the Continental System. In effect, if such are to be the
consequences of Peace with Russia - the conclusion of which would, in
that case, irrevocably seal the fate of European Turkey - the Porte will
best consult her own interests by decisively and for ever rej ecting it.
But has the Porte no means of providing against such fatal
consequences, but the precarious one of continuing a War, which on other
grounds it might be prudent to terminate? Might not Security on these
points be made the condition and price of Cession, supposing that it be
necessary to make that Sacrifice at all events? And if it be proposed to
Russia to purchase the Provinces beyond the Danube by solemnly
guarantying ( ! ) the rest of the Turkish Empire, and by solemnl y engaging
never to interfere in the connection subsisting between England and the
Porte, will not her refusal or acceptance of such terms fumish a mast
decisive and unerring test of her present dispositions and ulteriour views?
Let us now reverse the picture and suppose the Porte, after full
inquiry and impartial deliberation, persuaded that its existence in Europe
esentially depends on the integrity of its Empire, relying alsa on its
resources, and more than ever fixed in its resolution to carry on the W ar,
until Russia shall recede from her pretensions, or until it shall itself be
overwhelmed in the unequal contest. Such a resolution may indeed be
worthy of a great nation, proud of its ancient glory, and dreading
extirpation less than a lingering existence of Shame and decrepitude. But
320
lofty thoughts and high language are of little efficacity without a
corresponding boldness and energy of action. If the Porte determines on a
war of destruction, all its resources must be brought without delay into
efficient use - a new vigour must be infused into all the branches of its
civil and military administration - the Spirit of Youth and enterprize must
not be suffered to languish in indolence - above all, the people must be
made to feel that they have to choose between useful exertion on the one
hand, and the certain loss of all they value, on the other. But is the Porte
in a condition to effect this mighty revolution? If she is not, to what good
purpose is the war to be carried on? If she is, let the first proof of her
ability be given in that quarter where it is most to be expected. There was
a time when the Chief of the Ottoman Empire was always to be found at
the head of his armies. In those days the Turkish Armies were always
victorious. The friends of the Porte have lately had reason to hope, and its
enemies to dread, the revival of those ages so honourable to the Turkish
name. The world has seen with astonishment what effect has been
produced by the mere expectation of this: what numbers of every rank
have flocked around the Royal Standard, and with what courage the
Russians were withstood and finally driven back from Shiumla. But
disappointment and misfortune have succeeded - nor is it consistent with
truth to conceal that if the war be prolonged, its issue will depend no less
upon the personal exertions of the Sovereign, and his presence on the
Scene of Action, than on the obedience and activity of the Army. Need
the Porte be remainded that Adrianople was once the Imperial Residence,
and the Nature has afforded the most ample means for the Conveyance of
provisions to that City both by land and by water?
If it was thought necessary in the beginning of Summer to call
forth the military strength of the Empire, how much more necessary is it
now, in the present state of the Campaign, when the Russians have fixed
and secured their Conquests, almost for ever, by the occupation of the
strongest fortresses on the Danube, from Rudshuk to the mouth of that
river!
Whatever may be the decision of the Porte on this important
question, it is hoped that these observations will be received with the
same friendly Spirit in which they are offered. If they but help the Porte to
discover, and to pursue that line of conduct which is most conducive to
her welfare, their end will be fully answered.
Another word, and the Subject may be dismissed. In the preceding
examination of the views and dispositions of neighbouring Powers,
England was omitted not because She cannot be strictly classed among
32 1
the neighbours of the Porte. For the unlimited extent of her Commerce,
and the undisputed Sovereignity of her Fleets must ever make her the
neighbour not only of the Porte, but of every Nation whose territories are
bounded by the Ocean. But how is it possilble for the Porte to entertain
any doubt respecting the intentions of the English Govemnment, which
has given such repeated proofs of its pure and unalterable attachrnent to
her interests? On this indeed, as on all other occasions, its only aim is to
preserve the independence of the Porte against the Secret artifices and
avowed hostility of her Enemies, not by attempting to dictate to her the
measures to be adopted for that purpose, but by affording her all the
assistance in its power, either for sustaining a vigorous war, or concluding
a safe Peace, according to the choice which the Porte herself may make.
In the meantime, it is a duty imposed by the Sincerity of friendship, to
declare again and again, that war unsupported by adequate means and
adequate exertions, must lead to utter Ruin; and that Peace without full
Security against the Consequences so justly apprehended, wil not fail to
be equally fatal.
[Pe verso : ] Memorandum presented to the Turkish Ministers by His

Maj esty's Minister at the Porte. November 29 th 1 8 1 0.
[Mai jos:] Inclosure in Mr. Stratford Canning's Dispatch No. l ,

J anuary 2n d 1 8 1 1 .
Public Rcord Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78173 ,f. 24 - 37 v0;
1 37
Pera, 181 1, ianuarie 2.
Ch. S . Canning către lord Wellesley comunicându-i unele extrase

din scrisorile adresate de la St. Petersburg de Antonio Maresca, duce de
Serra Capriola, rezidentului regatului celor Două Sicilii la Poartă, contele
Costantino Ludolf, aduse şi la cunoştinţa reis-efendiului Gaalib Efendi.
Italinski sugera guvernului ţarist acceptarea de către Rusia numai a
încorporării teritoriului de dincolo de Prut şi renunţarea la alte anexiuni,
în schimbul unei indemnizaţii băneşti pe care Poarta ar urma să o
plătească, beneficiind de un eventual sprijin financiar din partea Angliei .
Aparenta intransigenţă a Porţii care nu pare dispusă la nici o cesiune
322
teritorială. Speculaţii în jurul unor pretinse rectificări de graniţă cu Rusia
pe care Poarta le-ar accepta în Asia. S. Canning cere urgent instrucţiuni
guvernului britanic pentru a defini politica engleză faţă de Imperiul
Otoman. Ţarul Alexandru I nu se arată dispus de a restabili relaţiile cu
Marea Britanie, decât dacă acest lucru i-ar facilita încheierea păcii cu
Poarta. S. Canning a cerut contelui Ludolf să comunice lui Italinski
rugămintea de a intra în contact direct cu el la sosirea diplomatului rus în
Bucureşti. În anexe extrase din scrisorile ducelui de Sierra Capriola de la
St. Petersburg adresate lui S. Canning şi lordului Wellesley.
No. 2
Secret
Pera, January 2n d 1 8 1 1
My Lord,
I have the honour to inel o se for Your Lordship 's further

information, some Extracts comprizing the most material parts of the
letters alluded to in my dispatch No. 1 of this date. They are adressed to
Count Ludolf by the Duke de Serra Capriola, an you will perceive, my
Lord, that one of them is partly in answer to a letter,_ of which I forwarded
a Copy to Y our Lordship in my No. 4 of last year, marked Secret.
Your Lordship will excuse me, if I take this opportunity to add a
few words to the account I have a]ready given of what has passed
between the Reis Efendi and myself, in reference to these letters. In
communicating to him the general tenour of their Contents, I have not
chosen to be the first to touch upon the Subject of money; but seeing at
the same time all the advantages to be derived from establishing a
persuasion that the friendships of England is necessary to the Porte, for
the success of any negotiations she may open with Russia, I have told him
that Mr. Italinsky is charged to propose, as the Ultimatum of his
Gouvemment, the Cession of the Country beyond the Pruth, with an
equivalent for the part relin�uished, which is hoped that England may
help the Porte to make good . This will doubtless have its effect in due
time: But at present it is no weak proof of the sincere determination of the
Porte, most decidedly to resist every proposals of cession, that no attempt
has hitherto been made to sound me with regard to the intentions of His
Majesty' s Govemament on that point.
1 Adnotaţie marginală a lordului Wellesley: "To be more! England must always pay for
everybody"
323
It has, however, heen whispered to me that, although the Porte
may he resolved to cede no part of her European territory, yet that she
would not refuse, if hard pressed hy Russia, to purchase Peace hy some
Sacrifice on her Asiatic frontier. In such a case this question of money
would undouhtedly he hrought forward.
Now though it would perhaps he presumptuous in me at the
present moment to offer Your Lordship any opinion of my own on a
Suhject so delicate, and at the same time so independent of local
considerations as this; yet as I can conceive a case, and that hy no means
a remote or improhahle one, where the exchange of the Secret Article
may afford the means, not only of putting an end to the Contest hetween
Russia and the Porte, hut of detaching the former from France and
restoring her to England, I think it my duty to suhmit to Your Lordship
the propriety of giving me, without loss of time, such instructions for my
conduct as may enahle me to meet the emergency I foresee.
Nor is it only on this point that I should wish to he honoured with
Your Lordship 's instructions. If Mr. Italinsky, as there is reason to hope,
should he charged to make any overture of a pacific Nature to His
Majesty's Govemment through this Mission, the distance from England
and the long interval that must necessarily elapse hefore an answer can he
ohtained, must afford such opportunities for the Enemy to detect and
defeat its obj ect, that there will be hut little chance of success, unless
somebody on the Spot he previously empowered to meet it in the first
Instance. I need not remark to Your Lordship that in the present State of
the Continent, nothing is more to he deprecated in affairs of this Nature,
than delay, the very apprehension of which would perhaps he enough to
deter the Russian Govemment from taking any measures for the
restoration of Peace with England.
I hope Your Lordship will excuse the freedom of this suggestion,
which is drawn from me only hy a sense of duty.
At this moment, however, the greatest uncertainty prevails, even
with respect to Mr. ltalinsky' s Mission; and the Emperor of Russia does
not yet seen prepared for a reconciliation with England, otherwise than as
it may facilitate his Peace with the Porte.
There is also much reason to fear that a negotiation opened
hetween the Porte and Russia at the present j uncture would terminate only
in a renewal of hostilities. But it appears to me that the measure itself,
whatever may he its issue, offers so many chances of advantage, that
every thing should he done to set it on foot, and make a fair trial of it. It
can not fail at least to develope the real dispositions of the Russian
324
Govemment, and may possibly concur to give a decided turn to the
hesitation that still seems to exist at St. Petersburgh with regard to
England.
Under these impressions I have requested Count Ludolf to convey
the Substance of the inclosed Paper to the Duc de Sierra Capriola; and
Your Lordship will, perhaps, be of opinion that I have gone as far as I
could without commiting His Majesty's Govemment, in order to induce
Mr.Italinsky to open a communication with me, on his arrival at
Buccorest.
I have the honour, - to be with the highest Respect, l\,;1ylord,
Your Lordship ' s Most Obedient & Humble Servant,
Stratford Canning
[Adresa:] To the Most Noble

The Marquis Wellesley, K.G.
&&&
[Pe verso: ] Pera, J anuary 2n d , 1 8 1 1 ,

Mr. Stratford Canning, Nr. 2 secret
3 Inclosures, Rec<eive>d March 1 1 - 1 8 1 1
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/73 , f. 3 9-4 1 v0;
ANEXA A
St. Petersburgh, Sept<embe>r 28 1h 1 8 1 O
. . . You will have seen, from what I sent to you, the particulars of
the state of the well-known affair. Hitherto little change has taken place,
except indeed that we have acquired greater hopes of matters being seen
in a clearer light than formerly; but there is the same dissidence and
irresolution shewn to gratify, and to bring into negotiation the Power in
question. In the mean time, the events of the Campaign have not
continued in the Successful Course which was at first supposed, and
which gave hopes of the Grand Vizir being beaten. On the contrary, the
operations of the latter have obliged the Russian troops to retire from
Shiumla, in order not to be taken in the rear by the Seraskier Mahmout,
who by a manoeuvre of General Kaminski has been beaten; and the
325
Russian forces have united between Silistria and Rudshuk ( ! ) for the
purpose of forcing this fortress to a Surrender, and thereby gaining a hold
upon the Danube, in order to get provisions, and to facilitate the
Negotiations for Peace, for which, according to what I am assured, the
proper instructions werc sent, before the News of the battle, relaxing from
the first propositions, but holding firm with respect to the two
Principalities.
At the same time it appears that it is the intention to send M.
Italinski to the A1my for the purpose of better bringing to a Conclusion
the Negotiations for Peace, which it appears His Imp<eria>l M aj esty is
absolutely bent upon having, in order to station his forces in the Centre of
the Empire, and thus to be more secure against French Manoeuvres. If
this Mission of Italinski takes place, then the conclusion of Peace so much
desired may more easily be reckoned upon; because he thinks well, and is
capable of producing a persuasion of what hitherto they will not believe,
that to obtain Peace together with the two Principalities, two or three
more Campaigns are necessary, a Circumstance which alarms every body
by reason of the great expenses and levies of men which must be made;
as well as on account of the danger of seeing Buonaparte put into
execution the grand Scheme of still more weakening this Empire; in short,
oppo1iunities are not omited to speak aut the truth, and make good
remarks, in order that things may be clearly seen, and that the Wills of
French Satellites may be opposed by that Frankness which so strongly
contrasts with Iniquity.
His Imp<eria>l Majesty has just allowed Gustavus IV of Sweden,
the same who abdicated, to embark at one of these Ports, for England. At
the same time, he has offered him an Asylum in his States for himself and
his family at all times. The King was on the frontier when he wrote to
him, and the Emperor sent him one of his Adj utants General with full
powers to do whatever was pleasing to him. This step c annot please
France, the more so as this Prince has nat been able to embark at any
Prussian Port.
[Pe verso : ] Extract o f a letter from St. Petersburgh,

dated sept<embe>r 28 th 1 8 1 O
A
Inclosure in Mr. Stratford Canning' s Despatch No. 2
(Secret) of Jan<uary> 2, 1 8 1 1
326
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/73, f. 43-44v0 ;
ANEXA B
Extract
. . . M. ltalinski, for these eight days past, has been on the point of
departing. I do not know what can be the cause of the many delays which
keep him there. This, however. is true, that it is believed that the
Commander in Chief, Count Kaminsky, will conclude Peace by reason of
the facilities granted him, and Hope of this has shewn itself so strong, that
already two Epochs have been pointed out at which the News of the
Conclusion of the Peace was to arrive here; but they have passed by,
without the arrival of such News. The impatience for this event is general,
on every account, political, moral, and financial. In Cypher . . ''J ' ai cn1
.
convenable de produire un extrait de votre lettre, et de celle de Mr.

Canning, pour faire sentir, qu'ils n'obtiendront pas la paix, s'ils
s 'obstinent aux conditions qu' ils ont offertes, et que s' i ls veulent avoir de
la condescendance, ils doivent s' entendre avec le Ministre d ' Angleterre.
On m' assure que Ies Conditions qu 'on exige sont, ou Ies deux
Principautes, ou au moins j usqu' au Pruth, et que pour ce dont ils se
relâchent ils veulent de l ' argent, qu'ils croient que I' Angleterre pourra
preter sous main a la Porte, et ce paiement servirait au lieu d'un
etablissement dans I ' Amerique propose par Mr. Adair. S i M. Italinski
entamera la negociation, on pourra alors combiner un accomodement
indirect avec l ' Angleterre par Constantinople. 11 est pensant et voit la
necessite d'un pareil systeme; mais on lui fait une guerre secrette ( ! ) pour
l 'empecher de partir, ou de moins qu'il n'arrive qu' apres la Conclusion de
la Paix, dont on croit ici la negociation deja entamee; on la desire
publiquement. Remerciez M<onsieur> Canning de toutes Ies bontes qu'il
a pour moi, et dites lui que j e ferai tout ce que ( ! ) est possible pour
seconder Ies desirs de sa Cour; mais i l est necessaire si on veut forcer la
Russie a ceder, de faire des operations avec ses flottes, qui peuvent seules
appuier efficacement Ies flottes Turques et amener la Paix; je ne sais
comrnent cela ne s ' est pas fait encore, car a l'heure qu'il est tout aurait ete
termine, et combine pour le bien des trois puissances."
[Adresa:] The Most Noble The Marquis Wellesley, K.G.,

&c., &c., &c.
327
[Pe verso : ] Extract o f a letter from St. Petersburgh, dated Oct<ober>
27, 1 8 1 0
B
Inclosure in Mr. Stratford Canning' s Dispatch No.2
(Secret) of Jan<uary> 2, 1 8 1 1 .
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/73, f.45-46; copie
în I. franceză.
1 38
Pera, 181 1. ianuarie 1 5
Ch. S. Canning către lord Wellesley despre aşteptarea lui A.

Italinski spre a negocia la Bucureşti; operaţii ofensive ale trupelor ruse
in regiunea Rusciucului dau puţine speranţe de pace. Poziţia ingrată a
A ustriei in cazul instalării graniţelor Rusiei la Dunăre. Necesitatea de a
asigura Poarta să reziste împotriva inamicilor ei.
No.5
Pera, J anuary l 5 1h 1 8 1 1
My Lord,
At present I have but little information to convey to your Lordship
in addition to what I had the honour of communicating in my Dispatches
of the 2n d Instant.
No intelligence has yet been received of Mr. ltalinsky's Arrival at
Buccorest; and his delay i s but too well calculated to excite a Suspicion
that the French Pai1y has again got the ascendency at St. Petersburgh. An
engagement which has recently taken place between the Turkish Troops
under Vely Pasha and a party of Russians again advancing from
Rudschuk on the side o f Lovatz, confirms beyond a doubt that no
negotiation i s on Foot . [ . . . ]
[Nemulţumirile provocate Austriei de politica lui Napoleon] lt is
natural to suppose that the Circumstances will force the Austrian
Government to fix its attention with more eagemess than ever upon the
Danube. Consequently it is of more importance than ever that the Porte
328
should not put Russia permanently in possession of the left bank of that
River. Such an Event would, perhaps, take away the little hope that still
remains to the Continent. Your Lordship will, therefore, readily perceive
the incalculable Mischief that must arise, if the Emperor Alexander be
suffered to relapse into his Subserviency to France, and thereby be
enabled to bring the whole Force of his Empire to bear in this direction.
For in such a Case, I cannot conceive how the Porte, with all its firmmess,
will be able to withstand the torrent, unless assisted from abroad. And
surely it can never be for our interest that Austria should be reduced to the
hard alternative of either throwing herself into the arms of France, or of
losing the very means of Subsistance.
I have the Honour etc.
Stratford Canning
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/73, f.66-67

1 39
Pera, 1 8 1 1 ,februarie 28
Ch. S Canning către lord Wellesley, despre sosirea lui Italinski la

Bucureşti; alte amănunte asupra stadiului negocierilor. Intenţia ruşilor
de a bombarda Orşova părăsită din pricina opoziţiei Austriei.
No. 6
Pera, February 281h 1 8 1 1
My Lord,
Although I have twice written in cypher to inform your Lordship

of Mr. Italinsky' s arrival at Bucharest on the 1 5 1h of December, yet the
conveyance was on both occassions so very uncertain, that I take tbe
earliest opportunity wbicb presents itself to repeat tbat circumstance to
your Lordship by tbe regular channel. Mr. Italinsky lefi St. Petersburgb as
early as tbe 3rd of November, but bis arrival at Bucbarest was not known
bere till tbe 261h ultimo.
329
I havc already communicated to your Lordship in my dispatches
No. 1 and 2 o f this year, all that has come to my knowledge respecting the
terms o f Peace which he is charged to offer to the Porte; and subsequent
Jettcrs from Vienna tend to confirm rny former statement. But
notwithstanding all the expectations that have been formed, his mission
seems to be of a very equivocal character.
Since I last had the honour of writing to Your Lordship, Count
Ludolf has received two letters from his correspondent at St. Petersburgh.
One dated the 4111 of November contains the following paragraph and it is
to be observed that the Jetter therein alluded to has not yet reached him.
"Le chevalier Ital insky est parti pour le quartier general; il m'a demande
une lettre pour vous, que je lui ai done ouverte: s ' il vous la transmettra, j e
dois croire qu ' il vous expliquera ses idees; s i elle n e vous parvient pas, c e
sera une rnarque qu ' i l ne veut pas s e servir d e vous et dans ces deux cas
vous saurez agir de concert avec le ministre d 'Angleterre". The most
essential part of the other is follows 'Tai fait usage des notions
essentielies que vous vous me donnez et elles ont fait un tres bon effet,
parce que elles offrent la verite des faits, sans donner une interpretation
quelconque sur le p lus ou le moins des intentions du Grand Seigneur;
puisqu'on a rec;u en meme temps Ies responses du Ministre de Prusse, qui
ont confirme cncore plus l'obstination du Divan, et ont fait connaître que
de tels moiens ( ! ) ne sont propres qu' a augmenter l 'humeur de la Porte, et
que de tels individus n' agissent pas sans l ' impulsion du charge d' affaires
de France: Enfin on connait ici cette verite; mais apres avoir perdu une
carnpagne, beaucoup d'hommes, et beaucoup de millions, ayant grand
besoin de faire la Paix pour le Bien politique de cet Empire, et ne pouvant
y parvenir que par le canal et Ies moyens dont vous faites mention dans
votre lettre, ce sont la les veritables donnees, qui doivent vous guider pour
suivre ce que je vous ai mande dans ma lettre de Novembre [ . . . ] Ici on a
un grand entousiasme pour la brave Nation Espagnole, et pour la loyaute
de son gouvemement: cet Empereur espere, ainsi que la nation, tout le
bien possible de leur perseverence et exemple" - your Lordship will be
pleased to remark that this was written in answer to a communication
which Count Ludolf made at my request to his Correspondent
respectively the proposals of Peace offered to the Porte through the
Prussian Resident here in the month of October last. In thi s state of things
it might be concluded that the Russian Govemment is but little prepared
for a reconci liation with England, if it were possible to suppose that the
Emperor Alexander can have shut his eyes to the danger which threatens
him on the side of France - a danger so planily announced in the fresh
330
Acts of Usurpation recently committed by Buonaparte in the North of
Europe.
But whatever may be the nature of Mr. ltalinsky's instructions, he
does not seem disposed to carry them into execution with any degree of
precipitancy. Hostilities are not suspended; the Russian troops are
considerably reinforced, and notwithstanding the severity of the season,
are gradually getting possession of all the strong places in Bulgaria.
Intelligence has j ust been received of their having taken the town of
Lovatz, a post of much importance at the foot of Mount Haemus, after an
obstinate battle, in which several thousand are reported to have been
killed or taken prisoners [Urmează alte amănunte] .
In the mean time, the Reis Efendi assures me in the most clear and
positive manner that up to the 1 oth Instant the date of the latest dispatch
'
from the Grand Vizir, no overture what ever had been made on either
side, and that it is not the intention of the Turkish Govemment to make
one, however ready they would be to accept any reasonable proposals
from the enemy.
But while the Reis Efendi give me these solemn assurances, I
know beyond a Shadow of doubt that the Grand Vizir sent a person some
time ago to the Russian head quarters , under a false pretence, in order to
give a fair opening to Mr. Italinsky, and that in consequence of this, Mr.
Fonton a person attached to the Russian mission, arrived at the Turkish
Camp, just as the bearer of the last dispattches was leaving it.
Notwithstanding this circumstance, it is but justice to say that I do not
think the Reis Efendi will conceal from me the obj ect of this
Communication, when it shall be made known to him in an official
manner.
On the question of cession the Porte declares itself as resolute as
ever; and I understand that the Sultan is particularly determined on that
point. But among the best informed and most sensible of the Ministers, I
think I can perceive a disposition, which will doubtless increase with the
danger, to acknowledge the necessity of making some sacrifice for the
attainment of Peace.
Nothing is talked of but preparations for war, and unfortunately
they are little more than talked of, Orders, as I am informed, are issued for
the collection of Troops, but it is the intention of the Porte to confine their
number this year, and to rely principally on the natives of the European
Provinces. There is also a measure in agitation which has been long
desired, and from which the greatest benefit is expected to resuit. It is the
dismission of the Grand Vizir, to whom all the misfortunes of the last
33 1
campaign arc vcry generaly, though perhaps unjustly, imputed. His
successor is not yet announced; but whoever he may be, he must be a man
of no ordinary genius i f he is fortunate enough to arrest the progress of
the Russians, either by forcc of A1ms, or by a treaty without a cession of
territory.
Though it is impossible to look forward to the probable issue of
the apprehension yet for the present I have still the satisfaction to assure
Your Lordship, that to all appearance, the Porte is not inclined to repent
of its connection with England, or to put any confidence in the French. It
appears indeed that our Enemies are by no means idle, and I have lately
had occasion to discover that the French Charge d' Affaires is in
correspondence with Fonton whom I have already mentioned to your
Lordship. I have not failed to make this known to the Reis Effendi , who
so far from betraying any knowledge of it, seemed distressed at the bare
idea of French interference. Then is still, however a report in circulation
that general Lauriston is on his way to Buccarest from Croatia.
But whatever satisfaction the French may find in perplexing and
distressing the Porte, the Austrian Government, on the other side, appears
to view the progress of the Russians with increased Jealousy. Of this it
has given severa} proofs, but particularly one of a very decisive nature.
Y our Lordship is no doubt aware that by the treaty o f S istova, a small
tract of land on the frontier of the Bannat of Temeswar in the
neighbourhood of Orsova was agreed to be left unoccupied, and to be
considered as neutral. A Russian detachment was lately on the point of
entering upon this territory i n order to bombard the town o f Orsova, when
notice was given by the Austrians, that any such attempt would be
resisted on their pa1i by force of arms. The Russian general thought
proper to desist from his intention; and Orsova was saved.
As I am anxious not to lose the present opportunity of writing to
Your Lordship, I hasten to forward this imperfect account of what is
passing here, and I beg leave to reserve for a better occasion whatever
el � e . I may have to submitt to your Lordship on matters conceming this
.
m1ss10n.
Stratford Canning
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 7 8/73, f. 77-82; orig.
în I. engleză.
332
1 40
Pera, 181 1 , martie, 1 5
Ch. S. Canning către lord Wellesley: dragomanul rus <Antoine>

Fonton trimis în lagărul marelui vizir < Yusuf Ziya paşa> de la Ruse;
marelui vizir i s-a propus să meargă la Bucureşti spre a negocia cu A.I.
Italinski. Reis-efendi Gaa/ib Efendi informează pe diplomatul englez
despre stadiul negocierilor de pace cu Rusia. Interesul manifestat de
francezi spre a fi la curent cu situaţia. Intenţiile expansioniste ale lui
Napoleon dezvăluite Porţii de S. Canning. Incertitudinea purtării unor
negocieri de pace ruso-turce.
No.9
Pera, March l 5 1h 1 8 1 1
My Lord,
I was yesterday informed hy the Reis Effendi that the Porte has
determined upon sending a Person to meet Mr. Italinsky at Rudshuk.
From the same quarter I leam that what I stated to Your Lordship in my
Dispatch No.6, of this year, respecting the arrival of a Mr. Fonton at the
Grand Vizir' s Camp, was perfectly correct. It appears that the hasis of
Negotiation proposed hy that person, in the first instance, was the same as
what has heen so repeatedly pressed upon the Porte hy General
Kaminskoi, and that the Grand Vizir, in giving the same refusal as on
former occasions, accompanied it with a declaration, that the Porte would
treat with Russia upon no other hasis hut the integrity and independence
of its dominions. Upon which Mr. Fonton assumed a softer tone, and
expressed a hope that means <may> he found to hring ahout a
pacification satisfactory to the Porte, if the Grand Vizir would send a
person to the Russiar- Headquarters properly qualified to confer upon the
suhject. He then quitted the Turkish Camp, and this latter proposal was
referred to the decision of the Divan, who have thought to accede to it in a
manner ahove mentioned. But I am at the same time assured that the
agent apoited for that purpose is not to he furnished with full powers for
the conclusion of Peace - The measure is indeed spoken of, as if it were
to he tried rather for the sake of evincing the pacifick dispositions of the
Porte, than with any reasonahle prospect of success.
333
The Reis Effendi has thus for further fi lled the promise so
frequently made of communicating to me whatever should be place in
respect to a negotiation with Russia, and I have the satisfaction to add that
by info1mation obtained through other Channels, all suspicion of his
having with held anything material for me to know is for the moment
removed. But this in shewing me this mark of confidence, he confined
himself to a bare statement of facts, and seemed most carefully to avoid
all appearance of asking advice or assistance, he has lefi me in doubt,
whither I am to attribute his silence in this particular to a sincere
persuasion that nothing can be effected at present, or whither I am to
suppose that he expresses that persuasion, in order to shut the door against
the further interference of England. But such indeed is the uncertainty
which prevails with regard to the intentions of Russia, that until they shall
be set in a clearer light by the Conferences to be held at Rudshuk, the
Porte can hardly be expected to take any decisive Line.
The unusual anxiety which it has lately satisfied to direct the
Persian Govemment from any design of making a separate Peace, may be
adduced in evidence of the little hope that it entertains of being itself able
to come to an immediate understanding with Russia (despre p acea cu
Persia).
[ . . . ] With respect to the manner in which our more immediate
Interests may be affected by the proposed Conferences at Rudshuk, a
great deal must of course depend upon the spirit which animates the
Russian Counsels. Russia is certainly in want of repose, and she will
perhaps be inclined to a reconciliation with England, in the hope of there
by obtaining the means of receding with honours from her present softy
pretension or is it rather to be expected that in order to purchase the
forbearance of France in other quarters, she will in concert with that
Power, again urge her demand for our exclusion from this Country, and
propose to the Turkish Ministers the restoration of the Provinces occupied
by her troops as the price of their acquiesence?
Such an offer would place the Porte in a new and most trying
predicament; nor can I take upon myself to say at this early period -
whether the Turkish Ministers would have courage to resist the
temptation.
While affairs remain in this misettled state, principal care is to
caution the Porte against the efforts which, in any negotiation shall be set
on foot, the French will naturally make, either to turn it to their own
account, or, that failing, to frustrate it altogether. But I beg leave to repeat
to Y aur Lordship, that according to the latest letters from St. Petersburgh,
334
it is the eamest desire of our friends that the renewal of intercourse
between Russia and the Porte, may be made instrumental to the re
estab lishment of Peace between England and the former of those Powers.
In pressing upon the Turkish Ministers the necessity, of
precluding the French as much as possible from all communication with
the place of Conference, I continue to receive many assurances of their
Resolution on that point and others connected with it, but I am sorry to
say that no effectual measure of precaution seems likely, to be adopted,
Even French and Danish couriers are from time to time allowed to pass
thr' the armies, and, by their means, intelligence of whatever occurs there
is brought to Constantinople, and a Correspondence carried on with the
Enemy. But this is only one of many instances, in which this improvident
Govemment seems to take pride in smoothing the road to its own
destruction.
A few days ago, a Messenger arrived here direct from Paris, with
dispatches from the French charge d' affaires, who has since demanded an
official Conference at the Porte. The day is not yet fixed, nor bas the
object of the Conference hitherto transpired, but the Reis Efendi is in
expectation of some proposal respecting Russia, and is prepared, as he
assures me, to give such an answer as ought to relieve me from any
apprehension on that score.
In effet, my Lord, I believe there is less to be feared from the open
proposals and direct attacks of our enemies, although supported by their
alarming Power, than from their secret intrigues and the artful
Insinuations by which they gradually pave the way to the accomplishment
of their views. It apears to me that it is in the character of this
Govemment not so much to shrink from danger, when it advances in full
march upon them, as by disguising their suspicious and conceding on
points of minor importance, to avoid rousing prematurely into action the
Power which they dread, while it threatens only from a distance. Under
this impression I still endeavour to counteract the designs of our Enemies,
by the same means which have already been employed with so much
success, as well for the Restoration, as for the subsequent support of our
Interests in this quarter. Even in matters of ordinary business I take every
opportunity to encourage, among the several members of Govemment, a
firm belief, which is perhaps but too well founded, that Bonaparte has
irrevocably resolved to attack this Empire, the moment he can bring his
forces to bear upon it, and that nothing but a system of continuai
resistence to every species of encroachment can offer a chance of Safety.
335
The late proceedings at Paris, on the annual meeting of the Senate,
have fumished me with ample materials for his purpose. And I trust that
the Porte is so far brought to a sense of what is to be expected from the
mercy of France, as to perceive that the man who has violated the most
sacred principles of publick Law, in order to establish the right of his
Empire on the Shores of the Baltick, will not be backward in attempting
to extend the left of it to those of the Bosphorus. B y connecting this idea
with the measures latterly adopted by the French for giving a new
direction to their commerce with the Levant, through the very heart of the
Turkish dominions, I hope, not only, to bring the Porte into a habit of
watching their operations on the side of Dalmatia, but to thow some
difficulties in the way of a trade which, in every point of view, must be
prej udicial to our interests.
In the meantime the State of the war in Bulgaria, without
reference to the probability of negotiation, is far being more encouraging
than when I last had the honour of writing to Your Lordship. At present
there is no suspension of arms; and the Russians are making continuai
progress, while the Turks are only preparing for resistence. The Reis
Efendi has not yet communicated to me the plan of operations to be
pursued in case of another campaign, nor do I believe that any thing of the
sort is decided upon I have hither to perceived no synptomps of activity
beyond the usual orders issued for the collection of troops. The fleet is not
yet in readiness for Sea. lt appears also that something has recently
occurred to prevent the immediate dismission of the Grand Vizir, which I
announced to Your Lordship in one of late dispatches, but I am given to
understand that the measure is still in contemplation.
lt can hardly be necessary for me to add that I seized every
occasion, which my confidential intercourse with the Reis Efendi
presents, to urge the necessity of not suffering the preparations for war to
be relaxed by my prospect of negotiation.
Stratford Canning
Public Record Office, Turkey, dos. 78/73, f. 1 1 6- 1 2 1 v; orig. 1. engleză.
336
141
Pera, 1 81 1, aprilie 1 2
Ch. S. Canning către lord Wellesley despre discreţia în care se

desfăşoară tratativele la Rusciuk; ruşii şi-au retras în Polonia o mare
parte din trupele lor staţionate în Principate şi cele rămase la Dunăre
sunt decimate de molime. Se pare că generalul Kamenski nu mai poate
conduce trupele ruse şi se presupune că va fi înlocuit cu ducele de
Richelieu sau cu generalul Apraxin; între timp comanda o are generalul
Langeron. Continuarea ocupării Serbiei şi a Belgradului de către ruşi
irită Austria. Răcirea în continuare a relaţiilor ruso-franceze şi noi
fricţiuni intervenite între Paris şi St. Petersburg. Ambasadorul lui
Napoleon în Rusia, Caulaincourt, va fi înlocuit de generalul Lauriston.
Guvernul de la Viena ostil oricărei pretenţii a Rusiei de a anexo
Principatele.
No. 1 1
My Lord,
Nothing has yet transpired respecting the conferences to be held at

Rushtchuh, but a material change has taken place in the general aspect of
the war since I had last the honour of wi:i ting to Your Lordship.
The Russians have withdrawn a considerable part of their troops
from Moldavia and Wallachia into Poland, and those which remain on the
Danube are much wasted by sickness.
They suffer greaty from the scarcity of provisions, and their
cavalry is half dismounted. General Kamenskoi is himself so i11 as to be
supposed incapable of further service. It is said that either the Duc de
Richelieu or General Apraxin will succeed to the Chief Command. In the
meantime it devolves upon General Langeron.
On the other hand the Russians have thrown a garrison into
Belgrade, and occupied Servia. But this measure - which seems to have
produced more dissatisfaction at Vienna than in this Capital, may be
regarded as an additional proof of their intention to act upon the defensive
during the next Campaign. They have endeavoured to apologize for it, by
saying that it was done to anticipate the designs of Austria upon that
province. Yet, I am informed, that the Court of Vienna positively denies
the charge; nor does it seem to be in the least credited at the Porte.
337
According to the most autentic accounts, it appears that a coolness
has at length taken place between Buonaparte and the Emperor
Alexander. The incorporation of the Hanseatic towns and the adjoining
territory with the French Empire has produced a strong sensation at St.
Petersburgh, so much so as even to induce the Russian Government to
make a remonstrance at Paris, most probably to no purpose, in behalf of
the Duchy of Oldenburg. Subsequently to this it seems that an Adjutant
General in the service of the Emperor of Russia, named Hitroff, having
been detected in communicat'ng to Caulaincourt the plan of some
fortresses intended to be built in Poland, was arrested and sent into
Siberia. A serious complaint was made on the subj ect to Buonaparte, who
received it with the utmost indifference. The irritation thus produced was
further increased by the arrogant behaviour of Caulaincourt respecting
certain commercial regulations to which he obj ected as being prejudicial
to the interests of France. lt is pretended that the Emperor Alexander
resisted this insolence with be coming spirit, and that Caulaincourt has
left St. Petersburgh and is succeeded by General Lauriston. lt was upon
this, as it would appear that orders were issued for the collection of troops
and other preparations of defense in Poland.
[ „ . ] By my correspondent at Vienna I am informed that the
Austrian Govemment still pursues the same line o f policy as before,
particularly with regard to this Empire. lt has more than once declared to
Russia, that the acquisition of the Turkish provinces on the Danube will
be an eterna! obstacle to any close connection between the two countries,
and it has reinforced the cordon of troops on the Turkish frontier in order
to maintain the strictest neutrality. This conduct appears to be regarded by
the Porte with the highest satisfaction, and has had the effect o f producing
a greater degree of confidence in Austria, than has hitherto existed since
the Treaty of Vienna.
I have the honour &
Stratford Canning
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/73, f. 1 48- 1 52,
orig. fragmentar publicat de C. Mij atovic, op. cit., p . 85-86, nr . 90.
1 42
Pera, 181 1, mai 1 5
Ch. S. Canning către lord Wellesley despre neutralitatea A ustriei

zn cazul unui război franco-rus. Datorită iminenţei acestui conflict,
338
Austria - prin conversaţii între internunţiul <I. Von Stiirmer> şi
<Mehmed Sa 'id Gaalib efendi>, reis efendi - sfătuieşte Poarta să
desfăşoare operaţii militare mai susţinute împotriva Rusiei. Numirea
generalului <Mihail llarionovici> Kutuzov ca generalisim al trupelor
ruse în Principate şi intenţiile sale de a-şi întări poziţiile la Dunăre.
No. 1 8
Pera 1 8 1 1 mai 1 5
My Lord,
. . . With regard to the intentions of Austria in case of war between

France and Russia, my correspondent writes in the following term:
"L' Autriche garde un secret opiniâtre sur ce qu'elle compte faire, mais j e
crois pouvoir assurer qu' elle est determinee a l a plus stricte neutrali te, et
qu' elle se flatte de pouvoir la conserver".
The conduct of the Intemuntio, as far as it is known to me, agrees
with this assurance; and I am informed that he gave notice to the Reis
Efendi a few days ago, through his interpreter of a design entertained by
the French to draw the Porte into their views, by holding out to her the
idea of an alliance against Russia to which Austria would accede. At the
same time he entreated the Turkish ministers to be upon their guard.
Today he bas communicated to the Reis Efendi two dispatches from
Count Mettemich statting: That the misunderstanding between France and
Russia is continually increasing, that both parties are making the most
serious preparations. "lt was added that the Porte would do well to take
advantage of the present moment in order to carry on the war against
Russia with greater vigour and to obtain peace on more favourable
terms".
General Kutusoff has succeded to the Command of the Russian
army on the Danube. lt is asserted that he bas orders to abandon the
fortresses of Silistria and Nicopolis, and after leaving a garrison in
Rushciuk to station the remainder of his forces on the left bank of the
nver.
339
Fragment publicat de C. Mijatovi c, op. cit. , p, 86, nr.9 1 , fără indicaţie de
cotă. (Originalul la Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos.
78/73).
1 43
Pera, 181 1, iunie 16
Ch. S. Canning către lord Wellesley despre evacuarea cetăţilor

Şiştav, Nicopole şi Silistra de către ruşi: fostul dragoman al ambasadei
ruse de la Constantinopol, Antoine Fonton, a fost trimis în tabăra
otomană, urmând a se întâlni doar cu delegatul rus A. I. ltalinski,
Însărcinatul cu afaceri al Franţei la Poartă, marchizul de Latour
Maubourg, a renunţat la conferinţa cu dregătorii otomani; stadiul
stagnant al negocierilor de pace ruso-turce.
No.2 1
Pera, June l 6 1h 1 8 1 1
My Lord,
The general aspect of Affairs in this quarter is nearly the same as

when I last had the honour of writing to Y our Lordship. The only military
Event has been the occupation of Sistova, Nicopolis and Silistria by the
Turks, after they have been evacuated, and the fortifications of the two
former places destroyed, by the Russian troops.
On the other hand, M.Fonton has been again dispatched to the
Turkish Camp, and, in consequence of his invitation, the Person who was
already prepared to go for the purpose of meeting M . ltalinski, has
actually set out, and must now be at Buccharest. I am still most positively
assured that he is not fumished with Full Powers, but authorized only to
receive M. Italinski ' s Proposals.
The uncertainty which still prevailed with regard to the existing
relations between France & Russia seems to cause a delay and hesitation
in every thing else. The French Charge d' Affaires has not yet had his
expected conference, and I am told that he ceases to insist upon it. He
continues, however, to have private interview more frequently than usual
with the different members of the Administration; but I am credibly
informed that his Visits are not approved of, and that his efforts are
wholly ineffectual. Ali the information, in deed which I obtain from
340
differend Channels, concur to persuade me that the Porte is at present by
no means disposed to accept any proposals, which come from so
suspected a Source. [ . . ]
.
1t has nevertheless come to my knowledge that the Porte is

anexious to reestablish a Confidential intercourse with this Mission and
that the manner of doing so had actually been discussed in the Council.
No direct communication has yet been made to me, and the Reis Efendi
studiously conceals the Step towards a Negotiation which has lately been
taken at the Camp. But I am nat in the least degree uneasy on this Subj ect,
especially as I have the means of procuring intelligence, upon the
correctness of which I have hitherto had reason to rely, and, therefore, I
may hope that the power of conforming my Conduct to whatever new
Circumstances may asise, will always be within my reach.
Stratford Canning
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/73 , f. 275 - 276 v;
1 44
Pera, 1 81 1, iulie 1 3
Ch. S . Canning către lord Wellesley: despre stadiul tratativelor de

pace ruso-turce de la Bucureşti. Propunerile de a se stabili hotarul între
cele două imperii pe Prut sau Siret respinse de turci. Emisarul turc trimis
la Bucureşti <Hamid efendi> dorea să părăsească negocierile, dar a fost
reţinut de mediatorul rus A. I. ltalinski, aşteptând curier de la St.
Petersburg. Atitudinea duplicitară a Franţei lui Napoleon faţă de Poartă.
Discuţiile avute de S . Canning cu <Meluned Sa'id Gaalib Efendi>, reis
efendi, privind situaţia relaţiilor franco-ruse şi anumite manevre
diplomatice avute în vedere. Relaţiile reci dintre Poartă şi Franţa, turcii
bucurându-se de eşecurile lui Napoleon în Spania iar sultanul Malunud al
II-iea, nefelicitându-1 pe împărat cu prilejul naşterii fiului său <Frarn;:ois
Napoleon regele Romei>.
341
No. 27
Pera, July 1 3 1h 1 8 1 1
My Lord,
Iscize the earli est opportunity which present itself to give your
Lordship an account of the communication made to me hy the Reis
Efendi at our Confercnce on the 29 1 h Ultimo, in addition to what I have
already stated in my Despatch No. 26 of this year. The greater part,
indeed, of what he said was more satisfactory than important, in as much
as it exactly confirmed what I have mentioned hefore respecting the
Turkish Emissary sent to Bucharest for the purpose of arranging a hasis of
Negotiation with Russia. He added, however that the Emissary on his
a1Tival having found no variation in the language o f the Russians, was
preparing, in pursuance of his orders, to retum when Mr. Italinsky pressed
him so strongly to stay until a Messenger could he dispatched to St.
Petersburgh, a find answer received, that he suffered himself to he
prevai led upon.
The Reis Efendi further inforrned me that the Porte did not
approve of thi s step, but rather acquiesced in it, as an crrour known to late
to be corrected ; and he assured me. That the Turki sh Agent was to leave
Bucharest immediately on the retum of the Messenger from St.
Petersburgh, unless the Russians would then engage to adm<it> the
integrity of the Turkish Empire as a basis of Negotiation. This, he said,
was not to he expected, but on contrary being himself persuaded that the
Russian Govemment was not sincere in its overtures, he regarded Peace,
however desirable, as quite out of the question for the moment. It was
possible, indeed, that the enemy might far moderate his pretentions as to
propose the Sereth or the Pruth for a boundary, but such a proposal would
be instantly rej ected by the Porte.
He then proceeded with much eamestnes to make inquiries
respecting the present State of things between England and Russia, as
well as the destination of His Maj esty's fleet under the command of Sir
James Saumarez.
When I had satisfied him as far as I could upon these points, he
invited me to give him all the information in my power with regard to the
probability of a rupture between the French and Russian Govemments,
and to express my opinion on the subj ect of negotiation hetween the Porte
and Russia, as connected with that question.
342
To this, My Lord, I did not at the moment think proper to accede. I
was not in possession of any intelligence sufficiently recent to enable one
to offer a decided opinion upon a point at once, extremly delicate and
wholly dependent upon events of uncertain issue. I wished also to confine
myself as much as possible to the bussiness for which alone, on my part,
the Conference had been appointed.
I, therefore, told the Reis Efendi that in coformity to the intentions
of His M aj esty's Govemment, I should readly embrace any opportunity of
being serviceable to the Porte, but in order to be so in the present instance
it was necessary that I should defer for a few days any communication of
the nature he desired, and that he should previously give me a solemn
assurance that the Porte did not in any way what ever permit the French to
interfere in her concems with Russia.
He appeared to be satisfied with the answer and not only gave me
the assurance I required, but even extended it to the interference of every
other Power.
In the course of the following week, letters arrived from Vienna
and St. Petersburgh, and, therefore, upon receiving a second invitation I
attended a private meeting with the Reis Efendi on the t11 Instant.
According to the tenour of these letters I informed him that there were
strong appearances of an immediate rupture between France and Russia,
but that Buonaparte was certain by anxious to avoid it, and woula be glad
to purchase a reconciliation by sacrificing the Porte either now, or on the
first advantage he might happen to obtain.
Hence I inferred the expediency of not losing a conjuncture so
favourable as the present for the conclusion of Peace, and I endeavoured
to make the Reis Efendi sensible that the claim of Russia to some
equivalent for the expenses of the war if neither immoderate, not
inconsistent with the Safety of the Empire, ought no longer to stand in the
way of an arrangement. I assured him at the same time that His Maj esty's
Govemment would rejoice sincerely at anything that should tind to
preserye the Turkish Dominions, not only independent, but entire, and,
therefore, I hoped that the Army would soon be roused from its long
inactivity, and employed with vigour and effect to reduce the pretensions
of the Enemy. But as there was no suspension of hostilities, I added that
the Turkish Agent might continue to stay at Bucharest without in the least
degree retarding the operations of the Grand Vizir.
Your Lordship will doubtless observe that I have in this instance
advanced my opinion on the subject in question more explicitly than on
any former occasion. I have been induced to do so from a thorough
343
conviction that the Porte may now obtain Peace on better terms than she
is Jikely to do at any future period, - and from a belief that, although my
sentiments are but little calculated to flatter a Turkish ear, yet - under the
present circumstance can venture, to declare them, without exposing the
influence o r thi s Mission to any serious risk. I took care, however, to
express myself in the most guarded terme, always presenting to the Reis
Efendi ' s Recollection, that I spoke only upon invitation, and in obedience
to the desinterested regard which His Maj esty's Government entertains
for the wel fare of this Empire.
It is not, indeed, difficult to perceive that as long as the war
continues, not only is the Porte liable, by the retum of the Russian troops
from Poland, to pay most dearly for the moment of relief which she
enjoys, but she herself affords to Buonaparte the readiest means of
effecting a reconciliation with the Emperor Alexander. And should that
object be once accornplished, the mischief will not, as I apprehend be
confined to her own immediate interests - but the first article of the
Treaty then forced upon her would <wi ll> probably be the abandonment
of all Connection with England. It may also be worthy of consideration
that even in case the long expected rupture should actually occur the
Po1ie, however desinclined she may be to place her relations with France
on a more intimate footing, must necessarly become the Ally and assistant
of that Power.
These ideas, my Lord, sufficiently obvious in themselves, are
confirmed by the opinion of our friends at Vienna, and I have reason to
believe that the Austrian Govemment regards the matter in the same light.
The Intemuntio ' s language agrees with mine, as far as his situation will
permit, and it has come to my knowledge that he communicated a few
days ago to the Reis Efendi a dispatch from Count Metemich,
recommending the speedy conclusion of Peace, and soliciting the
confidence of the Porte, but expressing a regret that Austria could no
longer offer her interference without danger of committing herself either
with France and Russia. It is no prohab le that the want of this interference
will be felt severely, as it had already been civilly declined by the Porte,
and as I understand, had met with the same fate at St. Petersburgh.
Having thus explained my reasons for adopting a language, from
which I had heretofore cautiously obstained in my intercourse with the
Turkish M inisters, I will proceed to state to Your Lordship in what
manner it was received by the Reis Efendi. Although I cannot boast of
having produced any visible change in the sentiments of that Minister, yet
I had at least the satisfaction to find that he lestened to my observations
344
with attention, and promised of his own accord, to talk them over with his
colleagues, not betraying any ill humour or impatience, and seeming to
regard them as given with sincerely. He even acknowledged the
improbability of obtaining Peace without some sacrifice, and the chance
of a reconciliation, sooner or latter, between Buonaparte and the Emperor
Alexander at the expense of the Porte. He also repeated what he had said
at our conference on the 291h Ultimo. He renewed his promise of
communicating to me every thing conceming the negotiation with Russia;
and assured me in the most clear and deliberate manner that the Porte
would never accept any proposals which the French might choose to
make on that score. He confessed that the French charge d' Affaires had
for some time past endeavoured, though not in any official form, to
dissuade the Porte from Peace, apparently with a view to the altered
conduct of Russia in regard to France until latterly that he had dropped
the subj ect, and almost entirely confined himself to complaints against the
Pasha of Ioannina.
The Porte, he said, had been tao often deceived by France ever to
trust her again.
lt is almost needless to add that the Reis Effendi seemed, as usual,
to indulge in high expectations of the success to be obtained by the Grand
Vizir, whose force, however, as I am inclined to believe, does not exceed
35 or 40,000 Men, and those such as Your Lordship Knows them - He
has, nevertheless, advanced at the head of a detachment, within four
leagues of Rudshuk.
You are probably aware, my Lord, that the verbal ascertions of
Turkish Ministers are seldom to be relief upon with implicit faith, but in
this instance I think Your Lordship may be satisfied of their truth, as they
are conformable to information derived from other sources, and as the
conduct of the Porte itself in the restablishment of the confidential
Communications with his Mission affords a fair proof of its having no
secret connection with His Maj esty's Enemies.
lt is, indeed, evident that the French influence here has lately
declined in no in considerable degree, and this, I conceived is chiefly to
be ascribed to the signal reverses they have met with in the Peninsula, the
account of which are always received by the Turkish Govemment with
marks of the liveliest satisfaction. Nor is it perhaps a circumstance
univorthy of mention that the Sultan, as I am credibly informed, has
refused to send a letter of congratulation to Buonaparte on the Birth of his
Son, though eamestly solicited to do so.
345
There is 1-cason to bclieve that in case the present discussion
between France and Ru ssia tem1inate in war, a French Ambassador will
immediately be sent to this Comi.
Stratford Canning
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/74 f. 30-36; orig. în
I. engleză.
1 45
Pera, 181 1, ;ulie 20
Ch. S. Ca111111g câtre lord Wellesley despre contra-ofensiva turcă

de la Rusciuc prin care armata marelui vizir <Ahmed paşa> a izgonit pe
ruşi peste Dunăre: turcii trebuie să dea dovadă de moderaţie şi să
reÎnceapâ negocierile de pace de la Rusciuk; Îndemnurile de moderaţie
adresate de S. Ca1111i11g către <Mehmed Sa 'id Gaalib efendi>, reis efendi.
În anexe corespondenţă din Viena privind stadiul relaţiilor franco-ruse şi
nota adresată de S. Canning marelui vizir Ahmed paşa.
No. 29
Pera, July 2ot11 1 8 1 1
My Lord,
I have the honour to inform Your Lordship that on the 1 i11 Instant,
the Reis Efendi sent me intelligence of the taking o f Rudschuk a few days
before by the Grand Vizier's Army, at the end o f several well-contested
battles fought with various Success in the neighbourhood of that fortress.
The Turkish Account is very confused, but it appears that the loss was
considerable on both sides. The Vizir himself received a slight wound.
The place, as I am informed, was carried by assaults after two unsccessful
attacks, but the Russians had time to retreat across the Danube, and set
fire to their bridge. Among the publick, it is reported that they retired o f
their own accord. At all events, the Vizir, who really displayed a great
deal of activity is collecting boats, and it is supposed that he intends to
346
attempt the passage of the river. But the Enemy is in force on the opposite
bank near Giurdgiova and will probably be able to retard his progress for
some time if not obliged to retire on account of the want of provisions,
which are understood to be extremely scarce on that Side. I have
congratulated the Porte of this event in the name o f His Maj esty' s
Govemment; but the pretensions of the Ottoman Ministers are so much
raised by it, that I fear it will not be productive of any permanent
advantage. The Emissary sent to Bucharest had not retumed at the date of
the last dispatches from the Camp, but he was expected; and the Reis
Efendi now talks of Peace being granted to Russia, only on the condition
of her abandoning many of the privileges formerly secured to her by
treaties and restoring the Persian territory occupied by her troops.
I can hardly consider this language as serious. There is more
reason to suspect, that it is adopted in obedience to the will of the Sultan
who rather than his Ministers and particularly those at Camp, is supposed
to set his face against any idea of cession.
Although it is more than probable that the opening of the Baltick,
and the arrival of His Maj esty's fleet there, have restored the direct
intercourse between London & St. Petersburgh, Your Lordship will
excuse me if I take the liberty of inclosing an Extract of the latest letter I
have received from my Corespondence at Vienna, respecting the State of
Affairs between France and Russia. I have communicated part of it to the
Porte, and chiefly in consideration of the Suggestions contained therein, I
have written to the Grand Vizir the letter, of which I have the honour
herewith to transmit a Copiy to Your Lordship, more as a matter of duty,
than in the hope of producing any material impression.
It was forwarded by the Reis Efendi
Stratford Canning
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/74, f. 39-40v; orig.
în l. engleză.
ANEXE
1 ) Corespondenţă din Viena privind stadiul relaţiilor franco-ruse.

[ . . . ] Bonaparte en attendant redouble ses armemens & personne ne
doute qu'il frappera le premier coup des qu'il sera en matiere.
347
L' Empcreur Alexandre, au contraire, est determine a ne pas prendre
l'initiative, rnais de rester arme pour se defendre. Je crois reelment que
I ' on se flatte encore a Petersbourg que par cette conduite on desarmera le
cou1Toux de Bonaparte & qu' on parviendra a un arrangement, ou bien au
depens de la Pmie, ou bien qu'alors on sera en etat de retomber avec
toutes ses forces sur elle. En attendant ii me parrait qu'on veut endormir
la Porte par des negociations que I 'un ne doit terminer par la paix ou par
Ia rupture, que lorsque la Paix ou la Guerre, avec la France sera decidee &
jusqu ' a ce moment Ies negociations n'ont d' autre but que d'empecher la
Porte de profiter de la faiblesse des Russes qui n'ont qu' environ 30.000
hornmes sur Danube. L'on nous mande de Bucarest du I er Juin que le
Negotiateur muni de Plein pouvoirs que la Porte a nomme, etait attendu
joumellement a Rutschuk et que Ies Chiaux et Voitures etaient dej a
expedies a sa rencontre. Kutusoff devoit egalement partir pour Rutschuk.
Si cela se confirme, vu que Ies Turcs entendent leur metier, ils presseront
Ies negociations & doivent l 'appuyer par quelque demonstration
vigoureuse. Je desirerai cependant qu'ils fussent moderes dans leur
pretensions, crainte que Romanzoff qui encore touj ours penche pour la
France, ne se prevâle de I ' opiniâtrete de la Porte pour porter Alexandre a
s ' arranger avec Bonaparte. [ . ]
. .
Vienne, le 1 8 Juin
Ibidem, f. 42-43 , copie în I. franceză.
2) Nota lui S . Canning către Marele vizir <Ahmed paşa>.
Copy
Pera, July 1 ih 1 8 1 1
Sir,
The English Govemment takes so lively an interest in every thing

which concems the welfare of the Sublime Porte, that I c annot deny
myself the Satisfaction of offering Y<our> H<ighness> my
Congratulations upon the brilliant Successes recently obtained b y the
Army under Y<our> H<ighness>' Command.
These Successes are doubtless of great importance in the light of
military Advantages which may give Courage to the troops, and lead to
others still more distressing to the Enemy. Yet in the present State of
things, I venture to regard them in a higher point of view, and to hope that
348
they may be made to produce effects of more solid and lasting utility to
this Empire, than the mere Splendor of a momentary triumph.
I need to explain to Y<our> H<ighness> why I consider the
present conj uncture as particularly calculated to excite hopes of this
nature, as it cannot have escaped Y<our> H<ighness>' Observation.
1t will be sufficient to remark that the Enemy is at this moment
obliged to employ the greater part of his force in another direction; that he
has long been desirous of Peace, and is doubtless still more so after the
late disastre and that the Sublime Porte herself acknowledges the
expediency of making Peace, if it can be obtained without prejudice to the
Interests of the Empire.
On the other hand, it is not improbable that the Enemy may soon
be at liberty to bring back the troops, even in greater force than before, to
oppose Y<our> H<ighness> Progress; it is even to be apprehended that
the fear of that progress, if not accompanied with moderation, may itself
determine the Emperor of Russia to an immediate Reconciliation with
France.
Y<our> H<ighness>, who knews with what disinterested Concern
the English Govemment has always regarded the present Contact between
the Sublime Porte and Russia, will not be surprized that, with these
Considerations, ever uppermost in my mind, I should anxiously hope that
the late events so glorious to the Ottoman Anns may enable H<is>
I<mperial> H<ighness> the Sultan, to conclude a satisfactory Peace,
before the favourable moment he lost. [ . . . ]
(ss) Statford Canning
Ibidem, f. 44-45 ; copie în 1. engleză.
1 46
Pera, 1811, septembrie 1
Ch. S. Canning către lord Wellesley despre întreruperea

tratativelor de pace ruso-turce în urma refuzului ţarului Alexandru I de a
accepta contrapropunerile Porţii; întoarcerea emisarului turc Hamid
Efendi de la Bucureşti şi întreruperea negocierilor de pace. O armată
otomană sub comanda lui Ismael bey a trecut Dunărea stabilind un cap
de pod la Calafat. Ruşii aduc întăriri la două divizii în Ţara Românească;
349
Hamid Efendi
. a descoperit din neglţjenţa negociatorului Italinski o
scrisoare adresată acestuia de însărcinatul cu afaceri danez la Poartă,
baronul Hiibsch, cu informaţii despre mişcările trupelor otoma n e.
S. Canning a crezut că reis efendi <Mehmed Kiiciik A 'rif Efendi> va lua
măsuri şi va expulza pe diplomatul danez, dar incidentul s-a încheiat fără
nici o urmare; în anexă scrisoarea marelui vizir Ahmed paşa către
Canning explicându-i motivele prelungirii războiului din pricina
intransigenţei părţii ruse.
Nr. 35
Pera, September 1 s t 1 8 1 1
My Lord,
I have the honour to transmit herewith to Your Lordship the

translation of a letter I have received from the Grand Vizir in answer to
the one from me, of which a copy was enclosed in my despatch No. 29 of
this year.
Your Lordship will learn from it that Hamit Efendi, the Turkish
Emissary, has returned from Bucharest, and that all idea of negotiation is
abandoned for the moment. I understand that the refusal of the Basis
proposed by the Porte was given by M<onsieu>r Italinsky, as coming
directly from the Emperor Alexander.
The Resuit of this overture has not as yet produced any great
sensation here, which may be ascribed to the small hope of successs
entertained from the first, and to the apparent distance of the danger,
which, sooner or later, will infallibly be the consequence of it.
It is some satisfaction, however, that the Turks have taken
advantage of this opportunity at least so far as to put themselves on the
offensive. In the beginning of the last month a division of nearly 20 OOO
men, under the command of Ismael Bey, crossed the Danube in the
neighbourhood of Vidin, and established themselves on th lefi bank at a
place called Calafat, where they threw up batteriers, and repulsed a corps
of Russians which ventured to atack them. The intention of the Grand
Vizir was to have supported this movement by passing himself with the
rest of the Army from Rudshuk; but I am informed that the strength of the
Russians at Giurdgiova, which is directly opposite, has induced him to
change his plan, and that he now intends to follow Ismail bey.
What are to be his ulteriour operations, whether he will advance at
once upon Bucharest or stop to besiege Giurdgiova, I know not. At this
moment his Army, though it does not exceed 50 OOO men, is nevertheless
350
almost double the number of the Russian Forces, which are also far from
being the best. But it is reported that the Russian Govemment has ordered
a renforcement of two Divisions into Wallachia. In the mean time it
appears by information received from Bucharest, that General Kutusoff
will be obliged to retire directly upon that town, where the greatest alarm
already prevails.
At all events, I do not well see how the Turks, wit the means they
have at their immediate disposal, can make any such progress as may be
of permanent service to them (if Russia does not soon change her tone
with regard to the terms of Peace, of which there is no appearance) or
give them any Advantage that will put them on a more equal footing with
the Enemy, when he shall be at liberty to recall his troops from Poland,
and again direct them in earnest against this Empire, either singly as
before, or in concert with the French.
I am particularly anxious to call the attention of His Maj esty's
Govemment to this point, because I conceive that the danger, when it
comes, will advance so rapidly as to leave but little time for reflection,
and unless the effectual means of sustaining the Porte against it be taken
into consideration beforehand, I much fear that the mischief will be done,
and a Peace fatal to our Interests in this quarter forced upon the Porte,
before His Maj esty' s Minister here will be able to hold out any thing that
may serve to check the torrent.
A Russian Squadron has lately appeared in the Black Sea, and has
captured two Turkish Corvettes. I am assured that the Turkish fleet is
under orders to sail and attack the Enemy; but the Northerly winds are
still prevalent, and I see no symptoms of its going out for the present.
I have taken occasion more than once to mention to Your Lordship the
negligence of the Porte respecting the passage of French and Danish
Couriers between this place and Bucharest, and I have frequently warned
the Reis Efendi upon the subject, though to very little purpose. A
circumstance, which I have leamt from the Reis Efendi himself, has lately
occurred to prove that my representations were not without reason. Mr.
ltalinski, at one of his Conferences with the Turkish Emissary at
Bucharest, accidentally lefi behind him a paper, which the other carried
away with him, and found to be a letter from Baron Htibsch, the Danish
Charge d' Affaires at this Court, addressed to Mr. ltalinski,
communicating to him the Intentions of the Porte respecting the
disposition of its fleet and army, as well as other information serviceable
351
to the Enemy. The Reis Efendi seemed at first inclined to call Baron
Hiibsch to a severe account for this conduct, and I thought it would have
led to his expulsion from the Country; but nothing more is said about the
matter, and it is now only worth mentioning as it may give Your Lordship
another instance of the characteristick supineness of this Govemment.
I have the honour, etc.
Stratford Canning
P . S . I am just informed that at the Dardanelles fresh troops are passing to

the Army in very considerable numbers.
[Adresa: ] S.C.
To the Most Noble
&, &, &.
[Pe verso: ] Pera, September 1 st 1 8 1 1

Mr. Stratford Canning
Nr. 3 5 , 1 lnclosure
Rec<eive>d 1 7 oct.
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 7 8/74, F. 93-95 v0;
A N E X Ă:
Scrisoarea marelui vizir Ahmed către S. Canning
Copie
Apres Ies Compliments d ' usage
Nous avons re9u la lettre amicale que vous venez de nous

addresser pour nous feliciter sur Ies Victoires remportees sur l'Ennemi . . . ;
en nous faisant sentir aussi que les Russes depuis longtemps desirent la
paix; que maintenant surtout ils y seront encore plus portes; que dans tout
temps la Paix est preferable â la guerre; que vil d ' autres Circomstances â
cet egard, il etait probable qu' on serait parvenu â la Conclusion d'une
maniere honorable, et telle qu' elle portera le Contentement et la
3 52
Satisfaction de S a Maj este Imperiale. De plus nous avons aussi re9u Ies
deux Papiers contenant Ies Nouvelles de la Guerre en Espagne, lesquels
nous avons pris en consideration et nous ont cause un plaisir particulier.
La Sublime Porte ne s 'enorgueillit aucunement des Victoires
remportees sur l ' Ennemi. Les Affaires de la Guerre dependent
entierement de la Volonte du Seigneur et. . . nous venons aussi de faire
passer des troupes de I ' autre cote du Danube.
Au reste la Sublime Porte n ' hesite pas d' aviser aux moyens de
conclure une p aix qu' en lui obtenant l 'integrite et l 'Independance de son
Empire . . .
Les Russes depuis quelque temps ont temoigne leur desir pour le
retablissement de la Paix et ont demande que la S<ublime> Porte envoyât
un Commissaire pour traiter sur Ies bases de cette Affaire Salutaire.
Quoique on ait ete d 'accord sur cela, le point de la juste demande de
l 'integrite de la S<ublime> Porte a trouve une opposition directe de la
part des Russes qui ont renouvelle leurs anciennes pretensions.
Cependant a la suite de la delivrance de Rusziuk nous avons
expressement ecrit une lettre a S<on> E<xcellence> le General en chef
Koutousoff, dans l 'objet de savoir quel etait leur sentiment apres cette
Affaire; La Reponse qui a ete envoyee contenoit le refus le plus
categorique. En consequence de quoi, le Commissaire de la S<ublime>
Porte etant aussi retoume, la Continuation de la guerre n' est due qu'aux
Russes.
C ' est pour vous faire part de tout ce qui ci-dessus, que la presente
·
lettre amicale vous est adressee. [ . . . ]

(ss) Ahmed
Grand Vizir
le 3 de Schaaban 1 226 (23 Aout 1 8 1 1 )
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos 78174, f. 97-98; copie
în 1. franceză.
147
Pera, 1811, octombrie 29
Ch. S. Canning către lord Wellesley despre zdrobirea turcilor la

Rusciuc de către trupele generalului Kutuzov. Scăparea prin fugă a lui
Mehmed Said Gaalib Efendi, fost reis efendi, în prezent kehaya bey.
353
Marele vizir, Ahmed Paşa, retras la sud de Dunăre, a cerut un armistiţiu.
Kutuzov l-a acceptat numai dacă prin negocierile de pace turcii vor ceda
Principatele. Marele vizir şi-a retras atunci propunerea. Forţe
concentrate de Mehm ed Husrev, kapudan paşa, la Varna.
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78- 74, f. 1 5 1 - 1 5 1 v0;
fragment publicat de Mij atovic, op. cit. , p. 88, nr. 98.
1 48
Pera, 181 1, noiembrie 18
Ch. S. Canning către lord Wellesley despre situaţia ingrată a

Porţii ce a fost silită să Încheie un armistiţiu la Giurgiu, prin care Marele
vizir Ahmed paşa a acceptat cedarea părţii de răsărit a Moldovei până la
Siret, către Rusia, cu gurile Dunării şi alte teritorii din Caucaz. Refuzul
sultanului de a ratifica condiţiile armistiţiului. Datorită condiţiilor grele
în care se află, turcii ar fi dispuşi să cedeze doar jumătate din Moldova,
până la Prut . În anexă scrisoarea lui S. Canning către Mehmed Kil<;iik
A 'rif Efendi. reis efendi, scoţând în evidenţă duplicitatea politicii franceze
şi a lui Napoleon faţă de Poartă şi atitudinea binevoitoare a guvernului
britanic în sprijinul acesteia din urmă.
No. 46
Pera, November l 8 1h 1 8 1 1
My Lord,
The surprize of the Turkish Camp has been attended with

consequences of more importance that at first appeared. The Grand Vizir
on his return to Rudshuk ( ! ) found his army reduced to 4000 men. Many
of his troops had deserted; the detachment on the other side of the river
was cut off and left without provisions or ammunition. The corps under
Ismael Bey near Vidin was kept in chek by a Russian Division. In this
situation the Vizir was forced by the clamour of his troops and the people,
to ask for Peace. He sent Plenipotentiaries for that purpose to Giurdgiova;
and after some demur respecting the Validity of their powers, and the
terms of Peace, Preliminaries were signed, by which all the Turkish
territory between the Danube and Sireth was ceded to Russia. The
Ratification, however, was reserved for the Sultan; and an Arrni stice
354
agreed upon until His Higbness' s pleasure could be ascertained. On tbe
arrival of tbis news at Constantinople, tbe Govemment was a good deal
agitated; tbe more so, perbaps, as a disposition to tumult, excited by a
trifling Accident, and appeased only by a concession on tbe part of tbe
Sultan, had just betrayed itself among tbe Janissaries in tbe City. A grand
Council, comprizing all tbe beads of tbe several Orders of tbe State, was
immediately assembled; and it was finally decided tbat tbe Preliminaries
actually signed should not be ratified, but tbat some smaller cession of
territory sbould be made, and tbe Negotiation continued on tbat basis, if
accepted by the Russians.
In consequence of tbis, Full Powers are sent to Gbalib Efendi, and
two other Negotiators, wbo togetber witb bim signed tbe Preliminaries,
and have since remained at Giurdgiova. At tbe same time measures are
taken to collect troops in case of tbe worst.
lt is not very easy to decide at tbis moment in wbat manner tbe
Negotiation will terminate. lt is pretty certain tbat if tbe Porte can anybow
continue tbe War, Sbe will. But tbe necessity of tbe case seems more tban
sufficient to overrule every repugnance on ber part to tbe Conclusion of
Peace on unfavourable terms; and tbe interests of Russia, and the desire of
Peace wbich is known to exist at St. Petersburgb, must surely incline the
Russian Govemment to moderation in their demands. The Reis Efendi,
however, sent to inform me tbis moming tbat tbe Russian
plenipotentiaries talk of insisting upon a cession of territory near tbe river
Pbasis, upon j oint possession of tbe mouths of tbe Danube, and some
barsh regulations respecting the future Govemment of Walacbia. For
Servia, as it seems, they mean to ask only Amnesty and kind treatment.
Notbing is hitherto said about money; and I feel persuaded tbat nothing
prejudicial to England is put forward. Tbe Courier who brought tbis
Information arrived bere yesterday, baving left Rudshuk ( ! ) previous to
tbe receipt of the Sultan's answer. He bas also brougbt word that some of
tbe troops, sent to tbe assistance of tbe Vizir, bad reached the
neighbourhood of Rudshuk.
But Your Lordship may conceive the desperate situation of
Affairs, when the person sent hither witb the Preliminaries was obliged to
have a Russian Passport, and when tbe Reis Efendi, in enumerating to me
the troops to be immediately collected, tbough anxious to conceal tbe
weakness of the State, could not raise tbem to a higber number than
1 7,000. And even these, according to tbe general rule of Turkisb
calculation, must be reduced at least a third.
355
The great obstacle to Peace, as Y our Lordship will naturally
suppose, is the hope entertained of an immediate War in the North, which
may oblige Russia to recall her forces from the Danube; & unfortunately
the Porte is encouraged to act upon that hope, not only by the French, but
by Austria.
In the midst of the late deliberations, the Intemuntio
communicated to the Reis Efendi a letter from Count Mettemich,
apparently dispatched in great haste, and stating that Russia having
entirely changed her System, and being more than ever anxious to make
Peace, he sent word of it to the Porte that she might act accordingly. This
letter came in a criticai moment, and produced a considerable effect.
The French on their Side make every exertion to prolong the war.
The French Charge d' Affaires has had several private interviews with the
Reis Efendi, and other members of the Govemment. His language is that
the Porte should listen to no Offers not grounded on the integrity of the
Empire; that such is the desire of His Master; who, he adds, has swom the
destruction of Russia, and will effect it. He talked also of having
important proposals to make to the Porte; which was the less to he
doubted, as a Courier had arrived from Paris not long before. At one
period, indeed, I received such representations of the impression made by
this language, that I thought it necessary to make an effort in order to
counteract it. I therefore wrote to the Reis Efendi an official letter, of
which a copy is inclosed; and I have the satisfaction to leam that the
Turkish Ministers, far from either forgetting the former artifices of the
French, or intending to contract new engagements with them, or even to
give credit to their promises, would not afford M<onsieur> de Maubourg
an opportunity to bring forward his proposals, but gave him only general
answers of a nature to persuade him that hostilities are to he renewed.
One member of the Council proposed that he should he listened to, but his
opinion was overruled.
As the Porte has hitherto made me no official communication,
what I have stated above is, perhaps, deficient in some respects; but I
have found such an appearance of consistency among those of the
Ministers whom I have made it a point to see on this occasion, that I think
Your Lordship may rely on its correctness. I believe I may venture to add
that the Porte is prepared to cede as far as the river Pruth, if Russia insist
upon it.
I am informed that the Turkish Ministers consulted a day or two
ago upon the expediency of inviting me to a Conference, in order to
communicate their intentions on the Subj ect of Peace for the Information
356
of His Maj esty's Government, but I have reason to believe that they
relinquished the idea, through fear of the French, and a Suspicion that my
instructions will not allow me to be of any use to them in the present
Crisis.
This is, perhaps, to be regretted so far as such an invitation might
have enabled me to urge the Conclusion of Peace more freely and
effectually than I can now venture to do, without giving Offence.
The issue of the Negotiations will now depend almost entirely upon the
Russians, and I am glad to hear that Mr. Italinski, who, it seems, is at
Giurdgiova, and whose moderate Sentiments are well known, has full
liberty to lower his demands on the principal point, according to
Circumstances.
I should not omit to inform Your Lordship that the French Charge
d' Affaires, in anno uncing his Master's design against Russia, particularly
said that they were to be accomplished with the Assistance of Prussia and
Sweden.
I have the honour to be with the highest Respect, My Lord,
Your Lordship ' s Most Obedient Humble Servant,
Stratford Canning
Adresa:] To the Most Noble

&c. &c. &c
[Pe verso:] Pera, November l 8 1h 1 8 1 1

Mr. Stratford Canning
No. 46. 1lnclosure
Rec<eive>d Feb<ruary> 8 . 1 8 1 2
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/74, f. 226-229v0;

orig. publicat fragmentar de Ceda Mijatovic, op. cit., p. 88-89, doc. 99.
357
A N E X A:
Copy
Pera, November l l 1h 1 8 1 1
Sir,
At a moment when it is notorious that the French Mission is

making every effort to mislead the Porte, I think it my duty as the Servant
of H is Britannick Majesty, the Porte' s sincerest friend, to adress this frank
and confidential letter to Your Excellency. Not that I can suppose Your
Excellency, or any of your enlightened Colleagues, especially under the
directing wi sdom of His Highness the Sultan, so forgetful of the past, or
so blind to your true interests, as to be deceived by the repetition of
artifices, already productive of the most fatal effects; but rather that I
aspire at the honour of sharing in the public Gratitude, which, as I forsee,
will beyour recompense for exposing and defeating those Artifices.
Even if it were possible to conceive that the Porte under any
Circumstances could again give credit to the French Govemment, the
narne of Sebastiani alone would instantly dispel that illusion. It is now
five years since that worthy Representative of his faithless Master
contrived by false and destructive Promises betray the Porte into those
imprudent mcasures which can never be sufficiently lamented. I will not
afflict Y our Excellency by enumerate the sad events that succeeded them.
I is enough to make the allusion; Your Excellency's recollection will
easily fi ii up the interval and the Comparison of that period with the
present will suggest a salutary lesson. With what disgust and indignation
then must the Mini sters of His Imperi al Highness now receive, through
the very man who was himself a witness of Sebastiani ' s falsehoods, the
renewal of promises so shamefully violated, - now while the Porte is
fee ling with most acutely the consequences of their violation!
Knowing as I do Your Excellency' s principles and that ardent Iove
for your Country by which you are distinguished, I can readily imagine
the answer given to the French Minister on such an Occasion. "Your
master'', it will be said to him, "was at war with Russia, when he engaged
to procure the Restitution of our Provinces seized by the Power. Not long
after he dictated Peace at the head of a victorious Army. Y et how did he
fulfil his engagement?
- By agreeing not only to commission at the dismemberment of
our Empire, but by laying down such regulations as might secure to
himself a part of the Spoii. Do you cite the Stipulation in the public treaty
358
of Tilsitt? Why then did he not make that Stipulation effectual by
discharging the duties of a Mediator? - The Porte did not conclude Peace
with England till a Year and a half after the Peace of Tilsitt, and in the
mean time She rej ected the Offers of an English negotiator, solely out of
deference to France. Why was the Emperor of Russia permitted, may
urged, to incorporate our Provinces with his Empire, by a public and
solemn Proclamation? And why did your Master declare to all Europe
that he viewed with pleasure that Usurpation, and nt only that, but any
other which is might în future please the Russian Govemment to attempt?
- Thus it îs that your Master, at war and at peace wîth Russia, has
equally sacrified the interests of the Porte. How then and for what purpose
does he venture again to brîng forward proposals, which can serve only to
remind the Porte of what She has already suffered by her Credulity. And
that too at a moment when her Enemy have receded from so large a part
of the pretentions which were lately encouraged and sanctioned by the
Sovereign whom you serve? The Porte must conclude that his only
întentîon is to betray her again - îf he continue at peace with Russia, by
executing the plan of partîtion - and if he go to war with that power, by
emp loying the Resources of the Porte for objects exclusively his own,
and, when a longer Contest shall have enfeebled her remaining Strength,
by sacrificing her as before on the restoration of Peace. B ut even if the
Porte were disposed in this instance to listen to his repeated µrornises,
where is she to seek Security for the fulfilment of them? Is she to seek it
in the treachery of which He is guilty towards Russia by the very Act of
making those promises? Ori is She to seek it in the treatment which his
Allies & Dependents have experienced at his hands? Is she to seek it in
the fate of Spain and Holland?"
As I persuade myself that such is the tenour of Your Excellency' s
language when the French Charge d' Affaires endeavours, by insinuations
no less perfidious than insulting to draw the Turkish Government out of
the path of sound Policy, I have but little to add upon the Subj ect. The
present Ruler of France has laid aside the Mask, & ex posed his Character
to the world in all its natural deformity. It was reserved for him alone
among the ambitions and unprincipled to contract engagements for the
express purpose of breaking them, to make Alliances for the destruction
of his Allies, to solicit confidence in order to betray i t, and to embrace, as
it were, with an appearance of friendship, for the purpose of striking
ensurer and more deadly blow. Experience had proved that to take a
single step with him is the surrender of independence & to listen for a
moment to his proposals the assurance of Ruin.
359
The nations of Europe are, therefore, no longer to be deceived by
bis promises; and i f they had the Courage to disregard his menaces, his
Power perheaps would soon cease to be formidable. It is to be hoped that
the Pmie at least wi ll display that Courage. For what impression can be
made upon her by menaces which at worst only reveal the designs
concealed under his promises, when Y our Excellency reflects upon the
present distribution of the French forces, and above all when you
remember that whether Buonaparte threaten or not, he never ceases to
harbour a secret hostility against this Empire, which springing from
ambition rather than provoked by resentment, will, without the least
re gard to the Conduct of the Porte, declare itself in open V"iolence, as soon
as it suits his Convenience, and no sooner?
I request Y our Excellency will take the earliest opportunity of
laying this friendly letter before His Imperial Highness, together with the
humble expression of my sincere Concern at the late unfortunate Events
on the Danube; at the same time that I cannot conclude it without
expressing also, in the name of my Government, the lively satisfaction I
feel on learning from Y our Excellency that the first appearance o f a
change of System in the Court of St. Petersburgh has been attended with a
material diminution of its demands, at period when the fortune o f Arrn s
might rather have warranted additional pretension.
[ signed] Stratford Canning
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/74, anexa, f. 23 1 -

234 v ; copie în I.engleză.
1 49
Pera, 181 1, decembrie 6
Ch. S. Canning către lord Wellesley despre unele tratative secrete

austro-ruse, iniţiate de la St. Petersburg, în care ţarul Alexandru I, spre a
determina cabinetul de la Viena să-şi înceteze opoziţia faţă de anexarea
Principatelor Dunărene, ar fi dispus să le împartă cu A ustria, cedându-i
Ţara Românească şi păstrându-şi Moldova; în anexă, scrisoarea
ambasadorului Siciliei în Rusia, ducele de Serra Capriola, adresată
omologului la Poartă, contele Ludolf, făcându-i cunoscute propunerile
ruse mai sus-amintite. După un ziar suedez Rusia ar fi dispusă să
360
retrocedeze Suediei o parte din Finlanda, despăgubindu-se pe sine prin
achiziţii din teritoriul otoman. Însărcinatul cu afaceri al Suediei la
Poartă <Nils Gustav Palin> dezminte astfel de zvonuri, asigurând
autorităţile turceşti de prietenia ţării sale.
Triplicate
No. 50 Secret
Pera, December 6 1h 1 8 1 2( ! ) <= 1 8 1 1 >
My Lord,
The Duke o f Serra Capriola's long - expected Letter, which I

mentioned to Your Lordship in my Dispatch No. 4 1 , marked secret, has at
length been received by Count Ludolf, and I have now the honour to
inclose a Copy o f it for Your Lordship' s information.
The terms of this letter are neither such as were to be hoped, nor
such as I should have thought myself authorized to submit to the Porte
even before the late reverses of the Turkish Army. lt did not arrive,
however, till after the commencement of the Negotiation, and is therefore
of no use but as it may serve to throw some light on the Intentions of the
Russian Govemment, and the spirit in which they are disposed to make
Peace with this Country.
The answer retumed by Count Ludolf, at my suggestion, is in
conformity to this opinion, but I have taken the opportunity to transmit to
Petersburgh such information as may possibly help in some degree to
facilitate the conclusion of Peace on terms more favourable to the Porte -
which I humbly imagine to be consistent with the views of His Maj esty's
Govemment.
Your Lordship will not fail to remarck the assertion in the Duke' s
letter respecting the intended cession of Wallachia to Austria, which, as
that letter appears to have been read and forwarded by the Emperor
Alexander himself, may probably be thought worthy of credit. Yet how
does it agree with the constant anxiety shewn by the Court of Vienna to
dissuade the Porte from ceding her Provinces beyond the Danube? How
can it be reconciled with the conduct of the Austrian Minister here, who
ceased, as it seems, to urge the continuance of the War, from the moment
that Russia lowered her Pretensions?
At all events, the information may be serviceable at some future
period; and is likely to make the stronger impression on the Turkish
Ministers, as the Revival, of a Plan for the partition of European Turkey
361
has becn rumourccl, ancl as thc last letters from Vienna not only stated that
the symptoms of immediate hostilities were diminishe�, but al so ga�e
room for a suspicion that the Austrian Govemment, notw1thstandmg _ their
serious embarassments at Petersburg, are occupied in trying to prevent a
rupture altogether.
It is hardly worth mentioning, perhaps, that a Paragraph in a
Swedish Gazette having lately asserted the intention of Russia to restare a
part of Finland to Sweden, and to i ndemnify herself upon the Turkish
territory, the Swedish Charge d ' Affaires has been expressly ordered to
disavow, and to convey to the Porte the strongest assurances of
Friendship on the paii of this Govemment.
I have the honour, &c
Stratford Canning

The Marquis Wellesley
K.G. &c. &c . &c.
[Pe verso : ] Pera, Dec. 6 1h 1 8 1 2 ( ! )

Mr. Stratford Cam1ing
No . 50 Secret Inclosure
Rec<eive>d Aug<ust> 6 1 11

A N E X Ă:
Copie d 'une lettre du Duc de Serra Capriola au Comte de Ludolf datee

St. Peterssbourg 1 6128 Juillet 1 8 1 1 .
J e suis prive d e vos lettres depuis celle du 1 0 Avril, mais c e qui

m' afflige c ' est que j ' apprends, que toute Negociation entre Ies armees
Russe et Turque est interrompue et que Ies hostilites ont reconunence au
detriment des Russes; voila, mon cher Comte, Ies mauvais resultats qu' a
produit l 'obstination du Divan, qui ne veut pas concevoir qu'il est plus
convenable pour l ' Empire Turc de faire la Paix meme en perdant Ies deux
Principautes, qu 'on ne pourra j amais arracher des mains de la Russie, que
362
de distraire Ies forces et les moyens qui lui seront necessaires pour la
guerre que la France lui prepare, nonobstant les fausses insinuations que
Ies agens frarn;ais font au Divan. Tandis que j e şcais ( ! ) de source certaine
que le but principal de la Russie en gardant les deux Principautes est de
rendre ces deux peuples heureux et de Ies soustraire aux chicanes du
gouvemement turc qu'excite la diference de religion, de maniere que la
cessation seule de la guerre apportera a la Porte Ottomane un bien plus
reel, plus avantageux meme, que celui de soutenir avec des frais
immenses une guerre interminable, si la restitution des deux Principautes
en doit etre le terme pour se convaincre de cette verite, c ' est assez de
considerer la Puissance et Ies ressources immenses de la Russie et celles
cy employees, pour ainsi dire, chez Elle, et dans ses propres frontieres.
Voila, mon cher Comte, des verites, qu'il faut produire pour
preuves au Divan, qu' en cedant de bonne maniere pour conclure une telle
Paix on pourra se procurer des conditions et des garanties reciproques et
des conditions eventuelles pour soutenir / 'integrite des deux Empires,
dans toute attaque, que pourrafaire l 'Ennemi commun.
Je vous previens, que j ' ai re9u de Londres une lettre du [ „ .] Avril
par laquelle le Prince de Castelcicala* me fait connaître le desir qu'a le
Ministere Anglois, qu' on cherche dans l' occasion de porter S<a>
M<aj este> l 'Empereur de toutes Ies Russies a faire la Paix avec la Porte;
il me fait connaître en meme temps le depart de Mr. Liston pour
l ' ambassade de Cons<tantino>ple et qu'il s' est entretem1 avec lui de tous
les rapports qui ont eu lieu entre Mr. Adair et moi pour consolider la Paix
entre la Russie et la Porte.
La reponse que j e viens de faire a Londre est en substance: "si
l 'Angleterre a interet de voir la Russie dans une position a pouvoir
resister a la France, ii est indispensable qu 'Elle lui facilite la conclusion
de la Paix avec la Turquie sous Ies conditions honorables pour la Russie.
J'ai developpe ce principe, que comme il est indubitable que la Paix avec
la Turquie est essentielle pour voir la Russie dans une position a pouvoir
resister a la France, il est aussi positif que l 'influence de I' Angleterre
pourra seule porter Ies Turcs a cette Paix, en leur faisant envisager leur
bien etre et que le seul sacri fice des deux Principautes n'est pas une
grande perte pour la Porte Ottomane, d'autant plus que j e şcais ( ! ) de
source certaine, que la Russie cedera la Valachie a la Cour de Vienne, de
• Fabrizio Ruffo, principe de Castelcicala, trimis extraordinar şi ministru plenipotenţiar
al regatului de Napoli (până la 1 806) apoi al Siciliei (între 1 806 -1 8 1 5) la Londra
363
maniere quc ccs deux Principautes, separes de domination, la Turquie y
trouvera la surete et Ies facilites de son commerce.
J e vous pric de passer tout ce que j 'ai l 'honneur de vous ecrire a la
connaissance de Monsieur Canning, ou de Monsieur Liston s'il etait
an-ive, pourque vous puissiez combiner ensemble tout ce qui peut
convenir a produire le meilleur resultat. Votre zele et votre perseverance a
consolider un ouvrage si salutaire n ' a pas besoin de mes instigations; il ne
me reste donc qu'a attendre avec impatience vos reponses, de vous offrir
Ies assurances de rnon estime &c. &c.

1 50
Pera, 181 J , decembrie 1 5
Ch. S. Can11ing către lord Wellesley despre evoluţia tratativelor

·
de la Rusciuk, î11 urma armistiţiului ruso-turc de la Giurgiu. Rusia

preti11de: a) !11oldova până la Siret, b) Teritorii în Caucaz până la Phasis;
c) Amnistie pentru sârbi; d) Privilegii sporite în Ţara Românească.
Marele vizir Ahmed paşa a acceptat doar prima şi a treia condiţie,
respingând pe cea de-a doua şi urmând a negocia pe cea de-a patra.
Sulta11ul Mahmud al II-iea refuză să accepte şi prima condiţie,
prezentând prin curier contrapropuneri: cedarea Moldovei până la Prut,
cu păstrarea fortăreţelor de la lsmail şi Chilia. Refuzul indignat al
ruşilor. Protest împotriva acţiunilor vaselor franceze înarmate, sub
coma11dă privată, în Arhipelag împotriva navelor comerciale engleze,
urmând a fi împiedicate de turci.
Triplicate
No. 5 1
Pera, December l 51h 1 8 1 1
My Lord,
I have the satisfaction to inform Your Lordship that the

Negotiation at Giurdgiova is still on foot, notwithstanding the non
ratification of the Preliminary Articles.
364
Before I proceed, however, to describe, as nearly as I can, the
exact posture o f Affairs when the last Courier left Rudshuk on the zth
Ultimo, I must beg leave to explain a circumstance respecting the
Preliminaries, which, although it makes no difference in effect, yet is
worth mentioning as it serves to correct what I find to have been
misstated in my Dispatch No. 46.
It appears by the most credibile information I have since received,
that nothing was signed by the Turkish Negotiatiors at Giurdgiova The
Preliminaries were settled in a Correspondence between General Kutusoff
and the Grand Vizir.
The former demanded the Sireth and Phasis for Boundaries -
Amnesty and kind treatment for the Servians - and an Augmentation of
Privileges in Walachia. The Vizir acceded to the first and third Demands.
The one respecting the river Phasis he rather put aside for future
discussion, than absolutely rej ected, and the fourth was changed into a
Stipulation for the same privileges as before.
You may imagine, My Lord, the difficulty of obtaining correct
information on these points, when a direct correspondence is carried on
between the Sultan and the Vizir, which is often concealed from the
Ministers o f the Porte. I have reason, however, to think that I am at
present in possession of the most material facts.
The Sultan's answer was received at Rudshuk about the 241h
Ultimo. The purport of it on the question of Cession was to give up as for
as the Pruth, on condition of Ismail and Kilia with the districts severally
dependent on those Fortresses being excepted, and to admit o f no change
on the Asiatic Frontier. The Russian Plenipotentiairies on hearing that,
were very indignant, calling it a breach of faith, and threatening to renew
hostilities. But through the management of Prince Moroozi(!), the Head
Dragoman at the Camp, they were prevailed upon to continue the
Negotiation, and the Full - Powers, as I am assured, were exchanged. At
the same time it appears that nothing was actually agreed upon; and
therefore, although Peace may be regarded as even more probable than
when I last wrote, yet it as very far from being certain.
Accordding to the language of the Reis Efendi, indeed, it is almost
as distant as ever. A few hours ago he sent me word that the Sultan's
Orders to the Grand Vizir, far from admitting any cession of territory,
were to propose Peace only on the old basis, and he added that the
Russian Commander in Chief, though at first greatly incensed, had finally
consented to refer the proposal to Petersburgh. By comparing this
365
message with the preceding Account, Y our Lordship will easily perceive
what part of it is true, and what false.
The angry Discussions which still continue respecting the late
unlawful and outrageous proceedings of the Enemy's Privateers in the
Archipelago, naturally prevent much confidential intercourse between the
Turkish Ministers & myself. Such a state of things is undoubtedly to be
lamented at any time, particularly at this, and I have therefore made every
exertion in my power to bring the matters in Dispute to a satisfactory
conclusion; but I confess, My Lord, that I cannot see in the circumstances
of the present Negotiation, as they now stand, anything of a nature to
require the sacri fice of our Commercial interests, or to render expedient
even a temporary remissness in the assertion of aur rigts. It were, indeed,
to be wished that the claims founded on those rights, and demanded by
those Interests, could be effectually prosecuted without anger or irritation.
But that is quite impossible; and Your Lordship has experience enough of
this Govemment to know that the voice of persuasion is never sufficient
to rouse it from its natural indifference, confinned as that indifference is
by fear & conscious weakness.
On the other hand, it is a great satisfaction to find that the Porte
however backward She may be in maintaining her neutrality against the
violence of His Majesty' s Enemies, is no less so in listening to their
Promises, or admitting them to her confidence. Of this I have assurances
from every side, and for the moment there is no reason to disbelieve them.
The Porte indeed seems studiously to preserve the Negotiation from the
direct interference of every Foreign Minister connected with France; nor
do I yet perceive the least appearance of Mediation.
With regard to the respective Forces on the Danube, no material
change has lately taken place on either side. It appears that the Turks have
collected about ten thousand men since their recent disasters, to support
the Grand Vizir in case of necessity.
I have the Honour to be with the highest Respect, My Lord, Yaur
Lordship' s mast Obedient Humble Servant,
Stratford Canning
[Adresa:] To the Mast Noble

& & &
[Pe verso:] Pera Dec. 1 5, 1 8 1 1 No. 5 1
366
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78174, f. 284-286, 287 v0;
original publicat parţial de Ceda Mij atovic, op. cit. , p. 89-90, doc. 1 00.
151
Pera, 1811, decembrie 24
Ch. S. Canning către lord Wellesley, în cifru, despre plecarea

plenipotenţiarilor otomani la Bucureşti şi semnarea unui armistiţiu; ruşii
au retrecut Dunărea iar turcii s-au întors de asemenea peste fluviu.
Generalul Kutuzov a acceptat propunerile de pace otomane, urmând a
aştepta răspunsul guvernului de la St. Petersburg. Aranjamentul făcut de
Canning la Poartă privind rezolvarea problemei atacării navelor engleze
de către armatori privaţi francezi a căzut; el va continua negocierile
înştiinţând pe primul ministru printr-un mesaj trimis din insula Zante.
The whole in cypher

Pera, December 24, 1 8 1 1
My Lord,
The Turkish Plenipotentiaries are gone to Bucharest. An Armistice

is signed. The Russian Troops have recrossed the Danube. The Turkish
Troops are also retumed. It seems that General Kutusoff has accepted the
offer proposed, but subject to the ratification of his Govemment. An
answer is not expected from Petersburgh for some time. I am sorry to say
that the promised arrangement of my dispute with the Porte, is entirely
done away. According to the Reis Efendi's language, matters are more
serious than ever. But I do not yet entirely dispair of success. A few days
must in all probability settle the matter one way or other, and I shall then
be able to write with more certainty. I sent dispatches to Y our Lordship a
few days ago by Zante. They will shew the serious nature of the
discussions in which I am engaged, and the necessity of a prompt
interference on the part of His Maj esty' s Govemment.
I have the honour to be etc.
(signed) Stratford Canning
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78174, f. 300-300 v;

copie după orig. cifrat în 1. engleză.
367
1 52
Pera, 1812, ianuarie 1 O

Ch. S. Canning către lord Wellesley, în cifru, despre negocierile
de pace ruso-turce reluate la Bucureşti care au intrat în impas;
imposibilitatea de a se ajunge la o înţelegere. Austria şi Prusia îndeamnă
Poarta la rezistentă. Protest la Poartă împotriva neîmpiedicării actelor
piratereşti ale v�selor franceze înarmate de armatori particulari
împotriva flotei comerciale engleze în Arhipelag, respins de către reis
efendi-ul Mehmed A 'rifEfendi.
Whole in cypher
Pera, January 1 0, 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
The decisive answer expected from Petersburgh respecting the

Negotiation at Bucharest is not yet received here. General appearances,
supported by private information, continue in favour of Peace. But the
language of the Reis Efendi is calculated to create a belief that the War
will be renewed. It is worth observing that the Austrian and Prussian
Ministers endeavour of late to dissuade the Porte from hastening the
conclusion of Peace.
All chance of my being able to settle the disputes wwith the Porte
about the late illegal captures in the Archipelago seem to be over. The
Reis Efendi has retracted his promises; and now declares that the Porte
will do nothing whatever towards giving satisfaction. An official answer
is to be given to my Notes, and I hope to forward it to your Lordship in a
few days. However I see a great disposition to delay, and as the
misconstruction and ill humour of the Porte are such as to require the
prompt interferance of His Maj esty's Government, I write these few
words in hope that Your Lordship being apprized of this unpleasant state
of Affairs may find of my last dispatches to no. 5 3 sufficient materials for
forming a decisive Judgement without waiting for further details. The
Porte declares she will not accede to my demand respecting the affair in
question. She resists even the principle of stopping French Privateers
because fitted out in Turkish Ports, and, restoring on that account, vessels
taken by such Privateers. It seems that bargoes of the two English Ships
carried in to Napoli di Romania were sold before the Salsette' s arrival
there.
368
The French will of course take advantage o f this, and I suppose
that the Commanders of His Maj esty's Ships will, under such
circumstances, protect English property to the ut most of their Power.
From this Your Lordship will perceive the importance of my having
instructions without delay.
Stratford Canning
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/77, f. 5-6 v0; orig.
în 1. engleză.
1 53
Pera, 1 81 2, ianuarie 1 1
Ch. S. Canning către lord Wellesley despre stadiul negocierilor de

pace ruso-turce, al căror loc a fost strămutat de la Giurgiu la Bucureşti;
generalul Kutuzov ar fi dispus să accepte propunerile turcilor de a nu
ceda Moldova decât până la Prut, sub rezerva acceptării de către
guvernanţii de la St. Petersburg. Internunţiul Austriei la Poartă, baronul
Ignaz von Starmer, îndeamnă pe turci la rezistenţă împotriva pretenţiilor
Rusiei. Dezvăluirile făcute Porţii de către S. Canning a urzelilor Rusiei
cu Austria din vara anului 1811, privind împărţirea Principatelor.
Duplicate
No. I
Pera, January 1 1 th 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
My Dispatches of last year terminate at No. 5 3 , dated the l 91h of

December. On the 241h I wrote a few lines to Your Lordship in cypher,
which, as they may probably never reach England, I will now have the
honour of repeating, together with such additional information as I have
since obtained respecting the State of Affairs on the Danube.
On the 1 3 1h Ultimo the Turkish Plenipotentiaries set out from
Giurgiova from Bucharest. An armistice is signed, but not for any fixed
369
Period. It is only agreed that hostilities are not to be renewed without a
previous Notice of faur and twenty hours.
It appears that General Kutusoff has given his Consent to the
Porte's Proposal of Cession to the Pruth with limitations, but subj ect to
the Ratification o f his Govemment. On which account reference is made
to St. Petersburgh. The decisive answer i s not expected for some time,
and consequently no material progress can at present be made in the
Negotiation.
In the mean time a Convention has been made respecting the
Division of Turkish troops which were lately cut off and surrounded by
the Russians. The greater number of them are given up as Prisoners of
War. The rest are set at liberty. The Russian Detachments which were on
the right bank of the Danube have again retired into Wallachia.
This delay in the Negotiation is infortunate as it will afford our
Enemies a fresh Opportune<ty> for intriguing to prevent its success. And
even [ifJ the Turks have firmness and Judgement enough to disregard
them, it is always to be feared that their efforts will not be wholly without
effect at St. Petersburgh. The retum of French Messenger from Rudshuk
reported to be the bearer of a letter from the Grand Vizir to M .<onsieur>
de Maubourg, has lately excited my Apprehensions on this score, even
with re gard to the Porte herself. But [of] repeated inquires, I find nothing
of a Nature j ustify a Suspicion that the Turkish Ministers have any
confidential Intercourse with the French Mission, much less that they are
again disposed to give into the view of Bonaparte. It i s natural, however,
to suppose that the expectation of a Rupture between France and Russia
must induce the Porte to maintain a higher tone towards the latter than her
own immediate Resources can possibly authorize.
The Austrians without any direct interference in the Negotiation
continue to encourage the spirit of Resistance. The Intemuntio in the
Name of his Govemrnent, has lately confered with the Reis Efendi on the
unfortunate issue of the last campaign, and expressed the hope entertained
at Vienna that the Porte may so far repair her losses, as to be able to carry
on the Contest.
To counteract in some degree the effects of this language, I have
communicated to the Reis Efendi that part of the Duke of Serra Capriola' s
letter, inclosed in my No. 50 of last year, marked Secret which mentions
the eventual Intentions of the Emperor Alexander with respect to
Wallachia, and I have also intimated the reasons which the Court of
Vienna may have for disapproving any Treaty by which Russia should
secure a part of her conquests by the abandonment of her pretentions to
370
that principality. He said he had no reason whatever to be diffident of the
Austrian Govemment, which had proved its sincerity by informing the
Porte some time before that the cession alluded to had been proposed by
Russia, and by assuring her at the same time that the proposal had been
instantly and entirely rej ected.
Stratford Canning
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/77, f. 7-8; orig. în I .
engleză.
1 54
Pera, 1 81 2, februarie 6
S. Canning către lord Wellesley despre negocierile de pace ruso

turce aflate tot în impas; cabinetul de la St. Petersburg a mustrat pe
generalul Kutuzov că n-a silit pe marele vizir să accepte necondiţionat
condiţiile armistiţiului. Rusia reclamă cu insistenţă: a) Moldova până la
Siret; b) Teritorii în Caucaz; c) Amnistie pentru sârbi; d) Reînnoirea şi
sporirea privilegiilor Rusiei în Ţara Românească. Poarta refuză aceste
condiţii şi la sugestia negociatorului turc Mehmed Sa 'id Gaalib Efendi
cere intervenţia ambasadorului englez pentru încheierea păcii, sugestie
agreată şi de negociatorul rus A.I. ltalinski; reis-efendi A 'rif Kii<;iik
Efendi solicită sprijinul guvernului englez pentru obţinerea unei păci de
compromis, garantată atât de Marea Britanie cât şi de Persia.
Duplicate
No. 4
Pera, February 6 1h 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
The Negotiation at Bucharest have been for some time interrupted

by the expectation of an answer from St. Petersburgh to the Counter
proposals made by this Govemment, and provisionally accepted by the
Russian Plenipotentiaries. At length that answer is come. It was received
at the Porte yesterday, and I am concemed to add that it is not favourable
to the Conclusion of Peace.
371
The Russian Govemment charges the Porte with a breach of faith
in not having ratified the terms originally conceded by the Grand Vizir,
and on that account refuses in its turn to confirm the Acts of its own
Ministers, blaming General Kutusoff at the same time for not having
obliged the Vizir to sign the Preliminaries in a more formal manner.
This, My Lord, is in substance the beginning of an Official
Comunication made by the Russians to the Turkish Plenipotentiaries at a
Conference, held at Bucharest on the 1 4111 or 1 5 111 Ultimo, and all past
engagements on both sides being thereby done away, the former proceeds
to state the Demands which Russia thought herself at liberty to bring
forward under such Circumstances. It appears that they are as follows:
The river Sereth, with out any exception, as boundary between the two
Empires in Europe; in Asia, the whole course of the Phasis and Kur, with
an engagement to recognise any further acquisitions that Russia may
make on that side; Amnesty and kind treatment for the Servians, under
the Guaranty of Russia; the renewal of all privileges formerly enjoyed by
the Russians in this Country.
Your Lordship will not fail to observe that these Conditions are
harsher even than those which General Kutusoff prescribed in the first
moments of Victory; and as the Turkish Plenipotentiaries were given to
understand that Peace was to be obtained only by the Acceptance of them,
they at once declared their Inhability to continue the Negotiations, and
applied for Passports. The Russians, however, without betraying any
immediate Intention of lowering their demands, obj ected to this, and by
repeatedly representing the mischief of Precipitancy and their own
personal dispositions in favour of Peace, at last prevailed upon them to
write and wait for further instructions.
The Porte is now preparing her final deci sion, and I aprehend that
the renewal of hostilities is most probable. For even before the Answer
from St. Petersburgh was received, Ghalib Efendi having written to
ascertain the Sultan's pleasure respecting the right of interference in the
Govemment of Wallachia, and other privileges claimed by Russia, His
Highness, as I am assured, gave orders that those privileges should never
be again admitted to the same extent as before the War. The French
pretend to regard the Negotiation as quite at an end; and openly boast of
their triumph.
On the other hand, the Turkish Ministers do not look forward to
the prospect of another campaign without Uneasiness; and although they
show but little disposition to submitt to all the demands of Russia, yet
they seen equally determined to leave nothing untried that may afford a
372
chance of bringing the enemy to tenns which they can accept. In proof of
this I have to inform Your Lordship that the Porte has invited me to write
to M. Italinsky, or directly to the Russian Govemment, on the Subj ect of
the present Negotiation. I have leamt through a secret channel that this
measure was first recommended by Ghalib Efendi, who says he has
reason to think that it will be agreeable to the Russian Plenipotentiaries
themselves, who would willingly take advantage of any occurrence to
awaken a Spirit of Moderation in their Court, and thereby to facilitate the
Restablishment of Peace.
Hitherto I have neither entirely given nor refused my Consent. I
have requested time to deliberate upon a step of so much delicacy, and
with some general expression of my sincere desire to be of service to the
Porte in her present embarraassments, I have given the Reis-Efendi to
understand that the execution of our Agreement respecting the French
Privateers, and an unreserved Communication of the Porte' s Intentions,
must at all events precede any interference on my part. I have also taken
this opportunity to do away a persuasion which the Porte is always
inclined to admit, and which notwithstanding my Assurances to the
contrary, bas lately prevailed o a great degree - namely that a Negotiation
is actually on foot, and perhaps even Peace concluded, between England
and Russian. The influence which such an idea must necessarily have
upon the Affairs at Bucharest is too obvious to require any remark;
whether well or ill founded, it seems to me that I cannot do wrong in
combating it, especially as I have no infonnation whatever in favour of
the fonner supposition. The humour of this Govemment is not such as to
require that it should be restrained from making Concessions.
In this State of things I will not trouble Your Lordship with an
exposition of the many motives which încline me to accede to the
invitation of the Porte. Several days will be taken up in the deliberations
of the Grand Council which is summoned to assemble. After that the
Turkish Ministers will accept my decision, and I will endeavour to
communicate it to Your Lordship with as little delay as possible.
In the mean time I have only to add that according to the voluntary
assertion of the Reis Efendi, the Turkish Plenipotentiaries are instructed,
in case the Negotiations should take a favourable turn, to propose the
Accession of England and Persia to their treaty of Peace. It will not
escape Your Lordship ' s penetration that the Porte' s only object in
planning so unfruitful a proposal must be to secure a similar treatment
eventually for herself.
373
I have the Honour, &
Stratford Canning
[Adresa : ] To The Most Noble, The Marquis Wellesley, K.G.

& & &
[Pe verso : ] Mr. Stratford Canning No. 4

Rec<eive>d Aug<us>t 6 1h
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/77, f. 20-22 v°;
orig. publicat parţial de Ceda Mijatovic, op. cit., p. 9 1 -92, doc. 1 05 .
1 55
Pera, 1812, februarie 21
Ch. S. Canning către lord Wellesley despre şedinţele marelui Divan

ţinute intre 8-1 O februarie unde a fost scoasă in evidenţă poziţia dificilă a
Porţii. Turcii, înfrânţi şi slăbiţi, sunt dispuşi să cedeze doar Moldova până
la Prut, păstrându-şi Ismailul, Chilia şi Gurile Dunării, dar nu acceptă nici
o modificare teritorială în Asia şi nici sporirea privilegiilor Rusiei în Ţara
Românească; Poarta nu este de acord nici cu ocuparea insulelor Ionice din
Adriatica de către Rusia; conversaţiile avute de <Berto> Pisani,
dragomanul ambasadei engleze, iar apoi de S. Canning cu Mehmed A 'rif
Efendi, reis-efendi, privind concesiile ce trebuiau făcute pentru încheierea
păcii cu trei scrisori anexe către negociatorul păcii din partea Rusiei,
Andrei Italinski, reis-efendi-ul Mehmed A 'rifEfendi şi Kehaia bey Mehmed
Said Galib Efendi, negociatorul păcii din partea otomană.
Duplicate
No. 6
Pera, February 2 1 51 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
In my Dispatch no. 4 of this year I had the honour to inform Your

Lordship that a Grand Counci l was summoned at the Porte to deliberate
on the expendiency of accepting or rej ecting the new Conditions proposed
374
by the Russian Govemment. This Council, which was very numerous, sat
with more than ordinary solemnity on the 8 1\ 91h , & 1 0 1h instant
successively; and the decision, as far as I can leam, is for war, unless
Russia will content herself wth a cession as far as the Pruth under certain
limitations.
As soon as the deliberations were closed, I sent Mr. Pisani to tell
the Reis Efendi that I trusted every effort consistent with the dignity, and
every concession not incompatible with the safety of the Empire, would
be made for the restoration of Peace at the present crisis; and that in order
to give a striking proof of His Majesty's sincere regard for the Porte, I
was ready to lend every assistance in my power towards the
accomplishment of so desirable an object: In short, that I would write to
Russia, in compliance with the wishes of the Porte. The Reis Efendi
expressed the highest satisfaction at this, and requested that I would do so
without loss of time.
I am aware, My Lord, that this step is not authorized by my
Instructions, and that it is of a nature to require explanation. But I humbly
venture to hope that the reasons which have induced me to take it, will
appear satisfactory to His Maj esty's Govemment. They are simply these:
The prej udice accruing to the general interests of Europe, as well as to the
Porte itself, from a continuation of the war; the chance of my being really
instrumental to the conclusion of Peace; the certainty at all events, of
detaching the Porte entirely from the interference of the French, and of
strengthining her attachment to England.
The grounds upon which these reasons severally rest are so clear
and obvious in themselves, as not to require that I should trespass upon
Your Lordship ' s patience by a detailed exposition of them. It will,
perhaps, be sufficient to observe that as the invitation came from the
Turkish Ministers, at a moment too when they suspected that a secret
connection already existed between England & Russia, a refusal on my
part would have served only to increase their mistrust, and to fumish them
with a motive and pretext for listening to the insinuations of France.
There is also an eventual case of no inconsiderable importance to be
provided for. Notwithstanding the present appearances, Buonaparte may
effect his reconciliation with Emperor Alexander; and Russia, as an
immediate consequence, would then probably retum to her former
demands against England, and endeavour to make them more palatable by
desisting from some of her other pretensions. It appears to me that the
service which I have rendered the Porte on this occasion, if not by the
express order, at least in the name and agreeably to the principles of his
375
Majesty' s Government, will go a great way towards securing us against
the effects of any such attempt.
I have thought it advisable not to regard the chance of Mr.
Liston ' s approach, or the possibility o f any Negotiation being actually
opened bctween England & Russia, as contingencies which ought to
influence my j udgement on the main question. Such considerations
indeed must always be kept in view; but at a juncture when dispatch is
requisite, and when an opportunity once )ost would be last for ever, I
conceive that I cannot better consult His Maj esty's interests than by
acting according to general probability and the information of the
moment.
Having thus decided upon writing, it remained for me to draw up
my letters in the manner best calculated to gratify the Porte, and to
produce the desired effect, without unnecessarily committing His
Majeesty ' s Govemment. I have, therefore, taken for my guide the course
adopted by Mr. Adair on a similar occasion soon after his arrival here,
and I have endeavoured to follow it as closely as the difference of
circumstances will allow.
I have now the honour to inclose a copy (A) of the Letter which I
have written to Mr. ltalinsky, as well as of a Note (B) addressed to the
Reis Efendi, which is to be made use of only in case of absolute necessity.
I have mntioned Persia partly with the intention of strengthening the case,
and partly in compliance with the particular request of the Reis Efendi.
But in consigning these Papers to the Turkish Ministers, I have
felt the expediency of leaving no room whatever for them to imagine that
I am really authorized to hold out hopes of any extraordinary co-operation
on the part of England against Russia in case the war should be continued
under the present circumstances. For this purpose, and in order to incline
them as much as possible to the adoption of such measures as their
situation requires, I have also written a Letter (C) (of which a copy is
inclosed ) to Ghalib Efendi, the chief of the Turkish Plenipontentiaries
now at Bucharest; and I trust Your Lordship will not find it inadequate to
the objects in view.
The whole of these Papers were laid before the Sultan, and
approved by High Highness, who, on sending them back to the Reis
Efendi, accompanied them with the following message in writing: "I have
seen the translation of the Papers written by the English Minister, and I
feel much gratified at the interest he has thus taken in favour of my Royal
A ffairs. Whatever may be the effect of these Papers in the quarter they are
designed for, the purport of them clearly shews the perfect friendship
376
which England professes for my Sublime Porte. Let the Originals be sent
to their destination."
To-day they are forwarded to Bucharest by an express from the
Porte.
I informed You, my Lord, in a preceding Dispatch that I had
engaged the Reis E fendi to make me an umeserved communication of the
Porte' s real views and intentions, as the condition of my writing to Mr.
Italinsky. I will now proceed to state to Your Lordship, as concisely as I
can, the substance o f what he bas since imparted to me in pursuance of bis
promise, as well through Mr. P isani, as directly to myself at an interview
which I had with him on the l 91h instant.
He bas assured me in the plainest terms that no foreign mediation
whatever is employed in the Porte' s Negotiation with Russia, nor any
application made on the subj ect to any foreign Minister but myself; that
the Porte is determined to admit no interference on the part of the French,
whom She has once trusted to her cost; that the Russians propose nothing
to the prej udice of England, and that if they were ( ! ), the Porte would
never listen to it. He had also renewed his promise to make known to me
all that may occur in future respecting the question of Peace with Russia.
He confirms what I stated in my Dispatch No. 4 of this Year with
regard to the new conditions prescribed by that Power; and asserts that the
Instructions which the Porte is now sending to her Ministers at Bucharest,
authorize them to cede as far as the Pruth, with the exception of some
territory near the mouth of the Danube, but only on condition that Russia
will renounce her pretensions in Asia, and not insist upon the renewal of
all her former Privileges. To these two Points, he says, the Porte attaches
the greatest importance - to the former as striking at the very existence of
the Empire, to the latter as containing the seeds of fu ture dissention. lf the
Russians will not consent to this, he declares that another campaign will
be inevitable consequence. When I asked upon what resources the Porte
relies for a successful termination of the war, he assured me that she
expects no foreign assistance, and trusts only to her own means; but he
could not point out in what those means consist, or whence they are to be
derived. He has only told me that measures are in general taken to collect
troops, and that a large sum of money is already raised.
Although it is impossible even in moments of the greatest
confidence to give implicit faith to the assertions of a Turkish Minister,
yet on this occasion I believe the assurances of the Reis Efendi may be
credited with the exception, at least, of the latter part. That the Porte' s
instructions are of the above mentioned tenour is i n all probability true;
377
but that thc Plcnipotenti aircs arc not authorized to make any further
concessions in casc of necessity is what I am di sposed to question.
Jndeed, I have lately received such information of the Sultan's conduct as
to leave but little doubt that His Highness is secretly determined to make
greater sacri fices for Peace. Nor indeed can it be otherwise, so long as the
military and pecuniary means of thi s Empire remain in their deplorable
state. The only immediate hope in case of war seems to rest on the Grand
Vizir, who is at Shiumla with a few troops, not numerous enough to be
called an am1y, and more disposed to rebel than to fight against the
Enemy. This force may ce1iainly be augmented in the Spring, but with
what succes, after the late events, it is not difficult to foresee. Even now it
is reported that the Russian Anny in Wallachia is already ordered to
prepare for a forward movement; but, if this be true, I suppose it is only
with a view to influence the negotiations.
Still, however, the Turkish Ministers, retain their pride and
obstinacy unimpaired, and notwithstanding the confidential intercourse
between us, I am obliged to touch upon the subject of further concessions
with the utmost caution and delicacy, nor can I venture to go much
beyond the language contained in my Letter to Ghalib E fendi.
Nevertheless I have I ost no opportunity of tuming their minds towards the
necessity of consenting to a more extensive cession in Europe, i f they
attach (not without reason perhaps) so much importance to the other
objects of dispute.
In the course of our communications on these matters, the Reis
Efendi again repeated what I had the honour to report in a former
Dispatch, respecting the Ionian Islands; and I think I can perceive a
disposition on the part of the Porte to reassert her title to the Sovereignity
of that territory. The Reis Efendi had informed me that in case it should
eventually appear that England has agreed to readmit the Russians into
any of those Islands, the Turkish Plenipotentiaires are instructed to protest
against an act, in his opinion so much to be deprecated. I have not thought
it prudent to enter farther into this question.
With respect to Persia, the language of the Porte is always the
same: namely, that she will not conclude a Treaty of Peace unless that
Power be included in it; but it is needless to dwell upon this point at
present, as in a few days I shall have occasion to write to Your Lordship
more at length about it in a separate Despatch.
In the mean time it is evident and the whole that the principal aim
and favourite system of the Porte at this moment is to have as little
connection as possible with the European Powers - to confine herself to
378
relations of simple amity with each of them, and to leave the rest to
chance. The Reis Efendi has more than once declared to me that the Porte
will never listen to any proposal of Guaranty from Russia, because it
would tend to lay a foundation for the renewal of a triple alliance, to
which She attributes in a great degree the difficulties with which this
Empire has had to contend during the last few years.
Stratford Canning

The Marquis Wellesley K.G.
&c. &c. &c.
[Pe verso: ] Pera, February 2 1 - 1 8 1 2

Rec<eive>d Aug<us>t 61h.
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/77, f. 54 - 57; orig.
în l. engleză.
A N E X E:
1.
Copie
Pera, le 1 9 Fevrier 1 8 1 2
Quoique l 'etat malhereux d' eloignement ou se trouvent nas deux

Gouvemements paraisse interdire toute Communication a leurs Employes
respectifs, j e me flatte de voir dans les circonstances actuelles des Raisons
assez puissantes pour autoriser la demarche que j e viens faire aupres de
Votre Excellence, et j 'ose esperer qu'Elle voudra bien excepter de la
rigueur des formes diplomatiques un Cas ou il y va des plus grands
interets.
Il n'est guere necessaire que j e vous observe, Monsieur, combien
1' Angleterre a touj ours desire le retablissement de la Paix entre la Russie
et la Porte. On en a donne des Preuves que Votre Excellence ne peut
ignorer. En effet, comme on n'a vu dans la Continuation des Hostilites
que l 'epuisement mutuel de deux Puissances, qui devoient plutot se
379
reserver pour le Soutien de ce qui reste d ' Independance a } ' Europe, la
Cour de Londres, rnettant de cote ses interets immediats a souhaite des le
principe de voir cesser un etat de Choses aussi făcheux pour le bien
general .
C ' etait dane avec plaisir que je lui annorn;:ai en demier lieu le
renouvellement des Negociations a Bucharest - laissant a la Mission
Frarn;:aise le Soin d'en entraver Ies Progres. Auj ourd'hui que j 'apprends
Ies obstacles qui s 'opposent a la Conclusion de la Paix, il est naturel que
j ' en ressente le plus vif regret. Ainsi, en temoignant a Votre Excellence
ma disposition d' employer, autant que Ies C irconstances le permettent, Ies
moyens que me donnent ma Situation ici & la Confiance i nt ime etablie
entre le Roi, mon maître, et Sa Hautesse, pour tâcher d ' ecarter ces
Obstacles, je n'ai aucunement l ' intention de m' ingerer dans Ies Affaires
des autres, mais seulement de remplir un devoir sacre de l ' Humanite et
d'obeir aux Principes qu' on connaît a mon Gouvemement.
Voila, Monsieur, l ' Obj et amical de cette lettre et en prenant la
liberte d'y aj outer quelques mots d 'Observation, j e compte vous donner
encore une preuve de ma sincerite. La Porte en s 'ouvrant a moi de la
maniere la plus franche sur l ' etat actuel de ses negoci ations, m ' a fait part
des Instructions qu' Elle envoie a ses Plenipotentiaires dans l' esperance de
mettre fin a l 'Effusion du Sang; et je suis bien aise d ' y voir les sentiments
conciliatoires qui .l ' animent. En meme tems j e crois de mon devoir de
dire a Votre Excellence que tandis que la Porte m ' a communique son
intention sincere de faire la Paix sur des termes qui soit conformes a ces
instructions, Elle m' a aussi confirme sa resolution decidee de ne pas la
faire, si la Russi e insiste toujours sur ses premieres Demandes.
Oserai-j e donc esperer que la grande Oeuvre dans la quelle Votre
Excellence se trouve engagee, sera bientot couronnee de Succes?
Cependant je croirais faire tort a ses lumieres, si j e doutais qu' Elle put ne
pas s'apen;:evoir de tout ce que Ies liaisons etroites qui unissent la Porte et
la Perse avec l 'Angleterre, imposeront a celle-ci, en cas que 1' occasion
presente d' atteindre ce but la se perdra malgre Ies dispositions pacifiques
manifestees par la premiere de ces Puissances.
Sous ce rapport Ies difficultes qui pourraient naître au
Rapprochement eventuel de nos Cours respectives sont peut-etre de
Nature a meriter la Consideration de Votre Excellence. En attendant, qu'il
me soit permis, Monsieur, d'exprimer le plaisir que j 'ai en vous repetant
ici ce qui a dej a ete enonce dans une autre Occasion; savoir, que la
Conclusion de la Paix entre la Russie et la Porte sera un Obstacle de
3 80
moins a la Paix entre la Russie et l 'Angleterre, et par consequent a cette
Paix qui seule peut assfirer le vrai repos de l ' Univers.
Je prie Votre Excellence d' agreer les Assfirances de la parfaîte
Consideration avec la quelle
J'ai l'honneur d' etre, &c.
(Signe) S. Canning
[Pe verso:] A.
Inclosure in Mr. Stratford
Canning' s Duplicate
Dispatch Nr. 6 of Febr. 2 1 , 1 8 1 2
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/77, f. 5 8 - 59 v0;

2.
1812, februarie 1 9, Pera
Stratford Canning către Mehmed 'Arif, reis efendi, asigurându-l

de bunele intenţii manifestate de guvernul britanic faţă de Poartă şi de
politica de apropiere anglo-turcă urmată de predecesorul său R. Adair ca
şi de către sine; face cunoscută aprobarea de către Marea Britanie a
atitudinii manifestate de plenipotenţiarii turci în tratativele de pace iniţiate
cu Rusia la Bucureşti şi faţă de încheierea unei eventuale alianţe cu
Persia.
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78- 77, f. 6 1 - 62;
copie.
Textul a fost publicat de Armand Goşu, Stratford Canning şi

negocierile de pace de la Bucureşti (primăvara 1 812). Contribuţii
documentare, în Studii şi cercetări de turcologie contemporană. Omagiu
profesorului Mihai Maxim, coordonator Călin Felezeu, Cluj-Napoca,
2004, p. 1 39 - 1 40, doc . 1 , după originalul aflat la Istanbul Başbakanlek
Osmanli Arşivi, fond HR.SYS, dos. 1 1 86/4, purtând însă data de 1 6
februarie 1 8 1 2. Destinatarul este eronat identificat de editor c a fiind
Gaalib Efendi, în realitate fiind vorba de reis-efendi Mehmed 'Arif, aflat
atunci în post, în timp ce Gaalib se afla la Bucureşti.
381
3.
Scrisoarea în copie franceză către negociatorul Mehmed Galib

Efendi lipseşte din dos. 78/76de la P.R.O., F.0., Turkey. În schimb este
publicată copia în 1. engleză a scrisorii ce i-a adresat-o S . Canning la 26
( ! ) februarie 1 8 1 2, aflată în arhivele otomane (fondul citat A. Goşu, op.
cit„ p. 1 40- 1 42, doc. 2) în care este dezvăluită politica duplicitară a lui
Napoleon faţă de Imperiul Otoman şi necesitatea pentru acesta din urmă
de a încheia cât mai de grabă pacea cu Rusia.
Data scrisorii ne apare ciudată deoarece S .Canning a scris
concomitent lui Italinski, reis-efendi-ului Mehmed 'Arif şi negociatorului
Galib Efendi, întrucât copiile lor au fost expediate Foreign Office-ului la
21 februarie 1 8 1 2 şi ne este greu să credem că diplomatul britanic a scris
două scrisori negociatorului otoman la intervale atât de scurte, pe acelaşi
subiect, la 1 6 (sau 1 9 februarie) şi 26 februarie 1 8 1 2. În lipsa originalului,
neidentificat, ne este imposibil să ne pronunţăm
1 56
Pera, 181 2, februarie 21
Ch. S. Canning către lord Wellesley despre intrarea tratativelor

de pace ruso - turce în impas şi despre intervenţiile sale pe lângă
negociatorii Andrei Italinski şi Mehmed Sa 'id Gaalib efendi; contele
<Karl Vasilievici Nesselrode>, după o informaţie primită din Viena, este
aşteptat de a fi trimis pentru negocieri de la St. Petersburg la Paris; în
anexă scrisoarea lui Canning către ducele de Serra Capriola <Antonio
Maresca>, prin care-i face cunoscut refuzul Porţii de a ceda teritorii
Rusiei în Caucaz şi de a-i reînnoi privilegiile pretinse în Principate.
Necesitatea de a include Persia în tratatul de pace.
Duplicate
No. 7
Pera, February 2 1 st 1 8 1 2
Secret
My Lord,
At the same time that I write to M. d' Italinsky, as I have informed

Your Lordship in my Dispatch No.6 of this date, I sent to the Duke of
3 82
Serra Capriola the letter of which I have now the Honour to inclose a
copy. After it had been submitted with the other Papers to the Sultan and
equally approved by His Highness, I forwarded it under flying seal to M.
d'ltalinsky, who is acquainted with the Duke, and, as I have reason to
believe, not ignorant of his Correspondence with this Mission. I did so for
the purpose of making known to him with quarter freedom and precision
the state of thing at the Porte, and for giving him an additional pretext for
reffering again to his Government, if he be really as well disposed
towards moderate Counsels, as his reputation induces me to hope.
I take this opportunity to mention that the Russian Negotiator to
whom I have alluded in my letter to Ghalib Efendi, is Count Nesselrode;
who, according to the last intelligence from Vienna, was expected at
Pa[ris] for the purpose of attempting a timely reconciliation between the
French and Russian Governments. I have not yet heard of his departure
from St. Petersburgh; but it appears in the near [time] that then is less
activity that these lately . . . . among the French troops in Germany and
Poland.
Stratford Canning
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos., 78/77, f.67 -68; orig.
în 1. engleză.
A N E X Ă:
Copy
Duplicata
Pera, le 1 9 Fevrier 1 8 1 2
Monsieur le Duc,
Pour vous parler avec plus de precision j ' observerai que la Porte
regarde toute idee de cession en Asie comme liee avec celle de la
destruction de son Independance, et qu' en y consentant Elle croirait
ouvrir aux Russes un passage, par lequel ils seraient en temps maîtres de
penetrer jusque dans le Cour de ses Etats. Elle soup9onne meme que la
Russie en insistant sur une telle cession, en veut immediatement a la
3 83
Perse, et qu'Elle ne convoite des acquisitions de ce la que pour passer
ensuite a d'autres aux depens de la Turquie. De la meme maniere, en
considerant les Privileges, dont joussaient autrefois les Russes [dans] les
Principautes, comme l 'occasion de la guerre, les Ministres Turcs ne
peuvent voir dans le retablissement de Privileges que le germe de
nouvelles disscusions. Je dois ajouter qu' ils disent hautement, meme ils
m'ont assure, qu ' ils ne veilent ( ! ) point de Traite avec la Russie, a moins
que la Perse n'y soit comprise . . „ „ „ „ „ . „ . „ . . „ „ „ „ . „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „
Stratford Canning
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos„ 78/77, f. 70 v. - 71;

1 57
Pera, 181 2, februarie 2 8
Ch. S. Canning către lord Wellesley despre evoluţia dificilă a

tratativelor de pace ruso-turce; temerile Cabinetului britanic ca
îndemnurile Franţei adresate Porţii prin însărcinatul ei cu afaceri,
marchizul de Latour-Maubourg, de a continua războiul să n u împingă pe
otomani spre un dezastru şi mai mare. Asigurările formale date de
Mehmed A 'rif Efendi, reis efendi, lui Canning că turcii n u se vor lăsa
atraşi într-o alianţă cu francezii; mişcările trupelor austriece în Galiţia
explicate reis-efendi-ului de către internunţiul <Ignaz von Stiirmer>; ştiri
despre ciocniri ruso-turce la Şiştav şi în Caucaz.
No. 8
Duplicate
Pera, February 28 th 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
The Dispatches which I am now on the point o f forwarding to

Your Lordship, having been detained for several days, I am enabled to
add, for the information of His Maj esty's Government, that two French
Couriers arrived here express from Paris on the z4th instant.
Their arrival at a j uncture so interesting as the present has
naturally directed my particular attention to the proceedings of the French
3 84
Mission. Hitherto I can only learn that M. de Maubourg has demanded a
Conference, which the Reis Efendi has refused to grant, unless he will
previously state the obj ect of it. He has not yet chosen to comply with this
demand. In the mean time a greater activity than usual prevails among the
French Agents, who give out with affectation that when the last Courier
left Paris, Buonaparte was on the point of setting out to commence his
operations against Russia.
These circumstances lead me to suspect that M. de Maubourg is at
length charged to make some specific proposal to the Porte,in order to
divert her from making Peace with Russia, and to throw her into the arms
of France. I have therefore hastened to put the Turkish Ministers on their
guard; and I have the satisfaction to find that to all appearance they are
quite prepared and determined to turn a deaf ear to any proposal
calculated to connect them more closely with the latter of those Powers.
The Reis Efendi seems particularly resolute on this occasion, and gives
me the most friendly assurances.
In a few days, however, I shall probably be able to write to Your
Lordship with more certainty; especially as a circumstance has occurred
which will be not bad touchstone of the real impression produced by M.
de Maubourg's communications. Upon delivering to the Reis Efendi the
Papers which I lately drew up at the request of the Porte, I expressed a
wish that the Kaimacan should aaddress a Letter to Your Lordship in
order to explain with more clearness the Porte's inentions respecting her
Negotiations at Bucharest, and to declare her determination on no account
to contract any closer connections with France, or to admit any
Stipulations contrary to His Maj esty's Interests, in her Treaty with Russia
This proposal was acceded to, and the Letter, as I have reason to believe,
is actually made out. It remains to be seen whether the Porte will change
her intentions respecting it; if she do not, it will afford no inconsiderable
proof of her sincerity.
By Letters from Paris it appears that Count Nesselrode was still
expected there.
On the 23rd instant the Internuntio had an official meeting with the
Reis Efendi, the principal object of which was to come to an
understanding with the Porte on some Affairs of minor importance. It has
come to my knowledge, however, that he took that opportunity to
announce the march of Eight Austrian Regiments into Gallicia, which he
represented as a measure of precaution, and one likely to be beneficiai to
his Coutry. He also tried to dissuade the Porte from ceding a single inch
385
of territory to Russia, now while that Power is on the eve of being
involved in fresh embarrassments.
But it would seem, my Lord, that fortune is disposed to counteract
these ill - directed efforts, and to set intrigue and obstinacy at defiance.
The night before last a Courier arrived with the utmost secrecy from the
Grand Vizir. He brought intelligence that a Russian Detachment had
crossed the Danube, and taken Sistova without striking a blow. ln
consequence of which the Grand Vizir deterrnined upon going in persan
to retake the place; but the Soldiers under his command declared
unanimously that they would not face the Enemy any more, and that they
insisted upon having Peace. A Petition to this effect, signed by all the the
principal officers, was delivered to the Vizir, by whom it has been
transmitted to the Porte. The Turkish Ministers conceal this singular
occurrence, but I have obtained information of it through a secret channel,
upon which I have hitherto found reason to rely.
lt is useless to hazard any conj ecture with regard to the effect
which this event may produce, as am not yet aware of the cause of it. The
Reis Efendi has repeatedly assured me that an Annistice was signed, and
that the Turkish Plenipotentiaries would certainly remain report of their
having retumed from the place.
These is alsa a Report of a battle having taken place between
some Russians and Turkish troops on the Asiatic frontier. lt is denied at
the Porte; but even if true, it would by no means prove that the
Negotiations are terminated, as it is more than probable that the Turkish
Ministers have never given themselves the trouble to send notice of the
Anni stice to so remote a quarter of the Empire.
Stratford Canning
[Adresa:] To the Mast Noble,

&c. &c. &c.
[Pe verso:] Pera, F ebruary 28 - 1 8 1 2

Mr. Stratford Canning, No. 8
Rec<eive>d Aug<us>t 6 th
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/77, f. 75 - 77; orig.
în 1. engleză.
3 86
1 58
Ch. S. Canning către lord Wellesley despre insistenţele Franţei,

prin însărcinatul cu afaceri la Poartă, Latour-Maubourg, de a menţine pe
turci în război, în vederea viitoarei campanii a lui Napoleon împotriva
Rusiei, ce apare evidentă; noi eforturi militare depuse de ruşi la Dunăre
spre a sili Poarta să încheie pacea; neliniştea manifestată de Mehmed
A 'rif, reis - efendi, faţă de tăcerea Cabinetului de la Londra în privinţa
situaţiei delicate a Porţii; în anexă scrisoarea caimacamului vizirului,
Elhaz Mehmed, către prim ministrul britanic <Sir Spencer Percival>,
cerând asistenţa guvernului de la Londra în cadrul negocierilor de pace
purtate cu Rusia.
No. 1 0
Pera, March 1 1 th 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
Everything seems to announce that the long - expected

Rupture between France and Russia is more imminent than ever, and that
the French are determined to make at this moment a grand effort in order
to frustrate the Negotiations at Bucharest, and to prevail upon the Porte
a�ain to make common cause with them against their new Enemy. On the
5 1 instant another Courier arrived from Paris. The French Charge
d' Affaires continues to demand a Conference; he has lately had several
private interviews with some of the Turkish Ministers, and I hear on all
sides of the intrigues which he is carrying on by dint of bribery and
misrepresentations. It does not appear that he has yet brought forward any
specific proposals; but many circumstances concur to make me believe
that such is his obj ect; indeed, he does not disguise it himself. He
announces an inevitable and immediate war with Russia, and he speaks
with confidence of Sweden taking an active part against that Power.
Although this language coincides with the wishes of the Porte and
is greatly supported by the late disastrous events at Valencia, the Turkish
Ministers continue to avoid an official conference; whence alone it may
be inferred that they are by no means disposed to fall in with the views of
France. The Reis Efendi receives M. de Maubourg's insinuations with
studied indifference. On the other hand there can be no clearer proof of
Buonaparte' s designs than the Circumstance of his having at length
3 87
written a letter to the Sultan, in answer to the Notification of His
Highness ' s Accesion to the Throne, which was sent to him in common
with the other Govemments of Europe at peace with the Porte, nearly four
y ears ago. I am inform ed that in this letter the Sultan is styled. The Great
Emperor of the Mussulmans, and that general wishes are therein
expressed for His Highness ' s Success and Prosperity, without anything of
a very remarkable or specific nature.
With respect to the renewal of Hostilities on the Danube, as much
uncertainty prevails as when I had last the honour of writing to Your
Lordship. The turkish Plenopotentiaries, however, are still at Bucharest;
and the passage of the Danube by the Russian troops is not to be
considered as a decided infraction of the Armistice. As far as I can leam,
they crossed the river in three small detachments to the number of 3000;
and it appears that the measure was taken in consequence of a previous
incursion made by a Turkish Officer, with the design, as it is supposed, of
favouring the escape of the Prisoners detained in W allachia. The Danube
being frozen afforded a favourable opportunity for such an enterprize.
This movement of the enemy' s forces is treated at the Porte as a
trick to hasten the conclusion of Peace on the terms demanded by Russia;
and I have been obliged to point out to the Reis E fendi that whether it be
so or not, yet so long as the Porte is without the means of resistance, the
effect is the same, and equally to be apprehended. But the Turkish
Ministers seem to imagine that to sit in Co unei I and to vote levies of men
and money which exist only on paper, is sufficient to answer every
purpose. On my part I endeavour to omit no opportunity of bringing them
to a Sense of their Situation, and I have at least the satisfaction to find that
my representations on the subj ect, though expressed with more freedom,
are received with a much greater degree of temper and docility than
formerly.
To conclude, I must not omit to inform Your Lordship that having
had occasion to see the Reis Effendi this moming, he questioned me
respecting the long Silence of His Maj esty's Govemment towards the
Porte, in a maner which betrayed much anxiety and disappointment on
that account - feelings which I have but too much reason to believe be
only partakes in common with his Colleagues. I think it my duty to
mention this Circumstance, and to entreat Your Lordship' s attention to
388
what I have repeatedly urged upon the same Subj ect m my former
dispatches.
Stratford Canning

&c. &c. &c.
[Pe verso:] Pera, March 1 1 111 1 8 1 2

Mr. Stratford Canning No. 1 O
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/77, f. 92-94; orig.
în I. engleză.
A N E X Ă:
faithfully translated
from the annexed
Turkish Original
1 8 1 2, March 7
To the most distinguished, mast esteemed, and most sensible our

loyal Friend the Prince Minister of the Court of Great Britain.
After performing every due act of regard and friendship, we have
the honour of stating to Your Lordship in this sincere manner, that it is
well known and manifest to every Power, that Russia has been the sole,
and direct Cause of the present war with the Sub<lime> Ottoman Porte,
and that she having, in a manner equally unreserved and sudden,
encroached upon the Frontiers and Territories of this Empire, the Sublime
Porte had, in consequence, undertaken the war, by opposing Force to
Force, against her Enemy.
However, it is a fact incident at all times to see acts of hostility
take place upon a declaration of war occasioned, by some intervening
cause or other, between two Powers, and thus, on the matter in contest
being rectified and made up by the means of mutual Friends (let that
matter be what it may) to see post enmity converted into amity, and
friendship between two contending Parties.
Although the Sub<lime> Porte had, in fact, rectified the subject
matter in dispute with Russia in he very beginning of the War; yet the
389
Russian Court, contrary to the maxims of independent States and without
any regard to the Rights of Nations, formed avaricious views up<on> the
Te1Titories of the Ottoman Empire, and display' d the intoward design of
making acquisitions on the Ottoman Population and soil, by bringing
fo1ward proposals of a nature altogether inadmissible, and subversive of
that very Balance which al l independent Govemments have ever had a
respect for.
Nay, Russia being a Neighbour of the Ottoman Empire and
harbouring evil desi gns upon the Religion and System of this Country,
refused accepting the Peace that was offered her on the part of the
Sublime Pmie in time past; and the disposition of this Government
towards a conciliation, upon a footing consonant with that moderation and
j ustice which are the national characteristics of the Ottoman Court, having
been signi fied to Russia on several subsequent occasions and
Plenipotenti aries even sent; Russia has again persisted in her heavy
demands to an pitch exceeding all bounds of common feeling.
And, as it appears positive and certain that the, placing no value
upon the Sublime Porte' s moderate conduct, will, after this also, continue
to insist on her former very heavy demands; the Ottoman Nation have
unanimously agrred to pursue a War, of the renewal of which Russia must
be considered as the immediate cause.
I have, therefore, the honour of addressing to Y our Lordship thi s
friendly - private - letter, to state to you i n a confidential manner, that
Russia being the cause of the renewal of the war from her immediate
conduct, all responsibility for the human blood which will be spilt in
consequence, must fa]] upon her own Government.
As Y our Minister resident here our fri end the most noble Mr.
Canning is informed of every thing relating to a certain correspondence
drawn up after the same being conferred upon between us, as well as to
the good Offices which Sub<lime> Porte never fails to employ in her
negotiations with Russia for the interests of Great Britain; Your
Excellency will become acquainted with the true state of things, from his
communications.
Upon the receipt of my letter (Please God) I hope Your Lordship
will be pleased to act in a friendly, and benevolent manner towards the
Sub<lime> Porte, upon all occasion.
Elhaz Ahmed Suakir

Caimakam
390
24 Saafer 1 227
7 March 1 8 1 2
True Translation Certified by me
B<erto> Pisani
First Interpreter to His Maj esty's Mission at Constantinople
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78177 anexă f. 96 -

99; orig. în 1. turcă, tradus în 1. engleză.
1 59
Pera, 1 81 2, martie 1 7
Ch. S . Canning către lord Wellesley despre instrucţiunile date de

Poartă delegaţilor otomani de către marea adunare a dregătorilor în
frunte cu marele vizir <Ahmed paşa> şi cu marele muftiu < Omer Khulusi
efendi> pentru ca să se obţină de la ruşi cele mai puţin aspre condiţii de
pace cu putinţă, în condiţiile deteriorării relaţiilor franco-ruse.
<Mehmed A 'rif Efendi>, reis efendi, fiind bolnav, a lipsit de la adunare
dar şi-a dat consimţământul pentru cele discutate. Intrigi franceze pentru
demiterea lui <Mehmed Sa 'id Gaalib efendi>, fost reis efendi, şi a
dragomanului Dimitrie Moruzi, <delegaţi la conferinţa de pace de la
Bucureşti>, respinse de către sultanul <Mahmud al II-iea>.
No. 1 1
Pera, March 1 ih 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
Mr.Douglas having been detained here since the date of my last

Dispatch, I am enabled to send Your Lordship some further information
respecting the two important objects which more particularly demand my
attention at this moment. I allude to the negotiations at Bucharest, and to
the intrigues of the French Mission with a view to the approaching
rupture between France and Russia.
On the first point I have the satisfaction to inform Your Lordship
that, although no answer is yet received to the last instructions transmitted
to the Turkish Plenipotentiaries together with my letters, this Government
has taken a very decisive step in favour of Pece. Intelligence has just been
391
converged to mc by a secret Channel, that at a Grand Council assembled
yesterday at the Porte, it was unanimously agreed, and confirmed by the
Sentence of the Mufti, that Full - Powers should forthwith be sent to the
Grand Vizir for the Conclusion of Peace on the best terms that can be
obtained. The Rei s Efendi, who was prevented by illness from attending
this Council, has not yet communicated to me the new determination, but
I have already perceived a change in his language which agrees with the
above - mentioned intelligence.
I have not yet had time to ascertain the immediate cause of this
sudden decision, which was the less to be expected for the moment, as the
Russians were known to have again retired beyond the Danube; but I
conj ecture that it is the consequence of a singular Intrigue, which I will do
myself the honour of describing to Y our Lordship at some future period.
I mi ght, perhaps, be induced to attribute it to some apprehensions
entertained by the Porte of a reconciliation between France and Russia,
were not every information upon that head in direct contradiction to such
an idea. The language of the Intemuntio as well as of the French Mission,
and the latest accounts from Vienna, of which I have the honour to
inclose an extract, concur in establishing a belief that the War between
those two Powers may be expected inevitably to break out in the
approaching Spring. lt appears that Buonaparte has himself written to the
Princes of the Confederation of the Rhine, ordering them to hold their
contingents in readiness to march at a moment's notice. The troops in
Dalmatia and its Neighbourhood are sent to j oin the Armies in the North
of Gerrnany. The Mission of Count Nesselrode to Paris is no longer talked of.
Under such circumstances it is impossible not to regard with the
highest satisfaction the decision now taken by the Porte in favour of
Peace. But Your Lordship will easily perceive that this great Object is still
exposed to much hazard, and that it will require the utmost prudence on
both sides to bring it to a desirable conclusion. The French are
indefatigable. And though I am happy to say that their Success has not
hitherto been equal to their labour, yet there is reason to suspect that they
have lately contrived to make some impression on two or three Members
of the Govemment. This is only a suspicion; and on the other hand, I have
the most positive assurances, repeated again and again, from such of the
Turkish Ministers as enj oy most credit and influence at the Porte, that
they regard the idea of a French Alliance with as much aversion as
myself, and for the same reasons. But in spite of these appearances, which
elsewhere I should regard as decisive, I never can forget the Place where I
392
am, and so long as an event remains in Suspense, I never can take upon
myself to answer for the constancy of this Govemment.
The intrigues of our Enemies, however, are already defeated in
part. Their first attempt was to obtain the dimission of the Reis Efendi,
and as a natural consequence, that of Prince Morousi also. They
succeeded so far as to convey to the Sultan a representation to that effect;
but His Highness instead of listening to it, took the opportunity to declare
his Approbation of the Reis Efendi' s conduct. Their next obj ect is to
obtain a Conference without the presence of Prince Morousi, and without
a previous declaration of their views. In this they will probably succeed;
and all my efforts are at present directed towards preparing the Turkish
Ministers for such proposals, as, without the formidable name of Alliance,
would be calculated ultimately to produce the same pemicious effects.
After what I had the honour of submitting to Y our Lordship in the
early part of my last year's Correspondence, it would be superfluous to
dwell any longer upon this subj ect at present; but I will endeavour to omit
nothing within my reach that may serve to counteract the desi gns of His
Maj esty's enemies; and I will not fail to give Your Lordship the earliest
Notice of their proceedings. I am concemed to add that the
Communications of the Austrian Govemment to the Porte, though
Cautiously expressed, continue to encourage a prolongation of the War.
Stratford Canning

&c. &c. &c.
[Pe verso: ] Pera, March 1 ? 1h 1 8 1 2

Mr. Stratford Canning, No. 1 1
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/77, f. 1 0 1 - 1 03,

1 04 v0; orig. în 1. engleză.
393
1 60
Pera, J 812. m art i e 26
Ch . S. Ca1111i11g către lord Wellesley despre dorinţa Porţii de a

Încheia pace cu Rusia În cele mai bune condiţii posibile, în pofida
intrigilor ambasadei fi·anceze de la Constantinopol. Austria pare a fi
trecut de partea lui Napoleon. Doi colonei din armata rusă şi un secretar
suedez au pârăsit St. Petersburg, trecând pe la Bucureşti şi Şumla, în
drum spre Poartă; scopul misiunii lor nu este cunoscut.
111 Cypher throughout

Pera, March 261\ 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
I forwarded Dispatches to Your Lordship on the l 81h Instant by the

Honourable Frederick Douglas. I then informed Your Lordship that the
Porte has determined upon authorising the Grand Vizir to make Peace on
the best Terms he could obtain - The Porte perseveres in this
Determination. If war breaks out between France and Russia before Peace
be signed, I fear they will again be irresolute.
Suspicious are entertained here that Austria is giving into the
Designs of Buonaparte. The French mission continues its intrigues even
more assiduously than before; hitherto without the slighlest appearance of
successs.
I am i nfonned that two Persons said to be Russian Colonels, and
the Swedish Secretary, are in their way hither from Petersburgh. They
passed through Bucharest and Schumla where the Grand Vizir is. They
will probably arrive bere today or to morrow. The object of their mission
is unknown, as yet, even to the Govemment.
I have the Honour to be etc.
( Ca1U1ing) lipseşte semnătura
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos . 77-78, f. 1 20 - 1 20 v;

161
Londra, 181 2, martie 2 7
Instrucţiuni date de Robert Stewart, viconte Castlereagh, Secre

tarul de Stat pentru Afacerile Externe al Marii Britanii către Robert
394
Liston, numit ambasador al Marii Britanii la Poartă; guvernul britanic
nu este dispus să acorde Rusiei compensaţii în colonii sau despăgubiri
băneşti, spre a renunţa la pretenţiile ei asupra Principatelor; noul
ambasador trebuie să intervină pentru încheierea unei păci de compromis
între ruşi şi turci, iar dacă adversarii nu pot ajunge la o înţelegere, să
prelungească starea de armistiţiu; să avertizeze Poarta asupra
pericoleleor la care ar expune-o alianţa cu Franţa; i se indică lui Liston
a contribui la apropierea Imperiului Otoman de Persia, cu care Marea
Britanie are relaţii bune şi să menţină contactul cu omologul său din
Persia, Sir Gore Ouseley.
No. 1
Foreign Office, March 27111 1 8 1 2
S ir,
It being the Prince's Regent pleasure that you should proceed wih
as little delay as possible to C<onstantino>ple as His Maj esty's
Ambassador Extraordinary & Plenipotentiary, I transmit to you herewith
your Credentials to the Sublime Porte.
The first obj ect of your Mission îs to maintain the relations of
Amity and Commerce which at present so happily subsist between His
Maj esty and the Sublime Porte, for which purpose you will endeavour to
convince the Porte, not only of the friendly disposition of the British
Government, but of the value and importance of It' s friendship; You are
the same time diligently to watch over the conduct of the Sublime Porte,
both with relation to other Powers, and în the execution of its stipulations
and treaties with G<rea>t Britain; so that the political interests of the
State, as well as the personal interests of the British Merchants and
Subj ects, may be firmly and amicable maintained.
Your second object ill be to assist and accelerate, by every means
in Your power, a pacification between the Turks and Russians; the
continuance of the struggle between those Powers being equally
dangerous to the prosperity, if not to the existence of both, - their contest
affording to France the most favourable facilities for their ultimate
subjugation.
It is to be feared from the recent accounts (though not official)
which have arrived from the Continent, tht notice of the rupture of the
armistice between the Russian and Turkish armies has been given, and
that a new campaign is preparing on both sides. If the demonstrations of
Buonaparte towards the north of Europe should terminate în a war with
395
Russia it i s obvi ous that the mass of the Russian Force must be employed
'
on thc frontiers of Poland, and that a defensive campaign can alone be

caITied on upon the Danube - In this case it i s more than probable that the
Frcnch Mission at thc Porte, who have probably been the means of
hitherto defeating the ncgotiations for Peace at B ucharest, will encourage
the Porte to resist any cession of territory to Russia; they will also be
prcpared to guarantee the Integrity of the Turkish Empire, and to promise
supplies and military aid for effectuating reconquests from Russia.
It will in this case be your particular duty to guard the Porte
against thc desilusions of France, by refen-ing her to the whole conduct of
Buonaparte since bis elevation to Power, from the lnvasion of Egypt to
the treaty of Tilsit; and to shew that He has been the Author of every
attack on the Ottoman Dominions, either by leading them himself, or by
instigating other Powers to that effect. That this has been the fact in the
present war is notorious. At the interview at Tilsit, Russia was not only
urged by France to views of aggrandissement of the side of Turkey; but
subsequently_encouraged to declare the annexation of Moldavia and
Wallachia to the Russian Dominions, whilst the war was going on; a
measure taken in imitation of the modem system of France, and which no
doubt has already materially obstructed the restoration of Peace.
You will represent that this present appearance of friendship is
assumed, solely \vith a view the better to complete the subjugation of the
North of Europe, in order that, having no longer any formidable enemies
in his rear, he may prosecute his long threatened designs against the East,
and repair the disgrace sustained by the French Arms and Acre, and in
Egypt.
If representations of thi s nature, which have already been so
frequently insisted upon by Mr.Adair and Mr. Canning, should have no
effect in bringing the Porte to reasonable views of Peace, with reference
to the conquests made by Russia, and you have reason to believe that the
Divan is disposed to listen to the insinuations of France, You will in that
case represent the dangers to which an adoption of the counsels of France
may expose the Porte from the just resentment of this Country.
The Porte should be made sensible that if once the Turkish
Govemment should lend an ear to the intriguing policy of France, It may
be led from listening in the first instance to the counsels of that Power, at
last to accept It' s assistance, and to the formation of an alliance highly
injurious to Great Britain. And the Porte should be timely wamed with
regard to the consequences of such conduct, which must force Great
396
Britain, however reluctantly, to adopt a policy necessary to the
maintenance of Her own interests.
If then you should find, either from the unwise pretensions of
Russia or the warlike sentiments of the Divan, that Peace between the two
Powers (for the conclusion of which you are hereby authorized to tender
your good offices) cannot be brought about, you are in that case to use
your utmost exertions to induce the Turks to trust to their own strength
atone for carrying on the war Y ou will endeavour to make them fee]
-
how much more safe, as well as dignified, it is to rely on their own means
for vindicating their interests, than to admit into their country a
Treacherous Enemy, who have never, in a single instance, been received
as defenders, that they did not turn their arms against the independence of
the country which had the infatuation to admit them. You may hope the
more successfullly to be enabled to urge this argument if, in consequence
of their weakness on the Danube, the Russians should not be enabled to
press the Porte, in the Field. It is impossible, when the dismemberment of
the Turkish Empire is known to have been so recently a favorite proj ect
with the Ruler of France, that the Turks should not dread the presence of
French trops, or even French Officers, in the interior of the Ottoman
Dominions.
With respect to the precise arrangement which it would be most
expedient should be made between the Russians and the Turks, it is not
the Prince Regent' s wish to fetter your judgement with any particular
instructions. The great obj ect in the present state of Europe is to terminate
the war; and that territorial arrangement will, in His Royal Highness' s
judgement, be the best, which will effect this object with the least
possible delay. To attempt to give you any outline of what might be
desirable to press, when the events of the war must be daily altering the
pretensions and views of the respective Belligerents, might embarras, and
could have but little tendency to assist in guiding your judgement to the
attainment of the purpose in view. Should the obstacles to the conclusion
of a Peace be insurmountable, perhaps a Long Truce (an expedient that
has on former occasions been had recourse to, to save the honour of both
parties) might be brought about. In your negotiation, whether for Peace or
Truce I feel it necessary to guard you against giving countenance to an
idea which seems to have prevailed in some of the former discussions for
Peace, that in order to accelerate a pacification between Russi a and the
Porte, Great Britain might be induced to make either pecuniary sacrifices,
or a cession of some colony to Russia. To such an expedient you must not
give the smallest countenance; the measure in itself is full of difficulty
397
and of evi l example, and proceeds upon a principle to which,
notwithstanding His desire to contribute to the termination of the war, His
Roya) Highness cannot listen.
Should war actually break out between Russia and France, it will
be more than every necessary that you should Try to awaken the Turkish
Govemment to the danger of the Arms of France being allowed to make
any serious progress in the North. It is probable that the restoration of
Amity between Russia and this Country would be the immediate
consequence of such a war. In this event you must in the strongest manner
urge upon the Ottoman Govemment, how very difficult it will be for Us
to preserve Our ties of friendship with the Porte if, when our efforts are
united with those of Russia to prevent the complete subjugation of
Europe, the Porte should, in such a struggle, he giving to or receiving
assistance from the French. Your cannot push your representations and
exertions too far in this direction. If unfortunately they should become
ineffectual, and that the Ottoman Govemment should combine its efforts
with France, You will in that case protest in the strongest manner against
such measures; but it is not the pleasure of the Prince Regent that you
should take any steps towards retiring actually from Constantinople,
without express orders from home.
The friendly relations which at present prevail between His
Britanic Maj esty and the Court of Persia render it particularly desirable,
for the general harmony of our intercourse with both States, that a good
understanding should prevail between the Ottoman and Persian
Govemments. lt is His Royal Highness' s order that you do direct your
earliest attention to this obj ect, for the acomplishment o f which it is
desirable that you should avail yourself of every favourable opportunity
of communicating with Sir Gore Ouseley; which I have reason to believe
will be faci litated in consequence of the Porte having lately sent a
Minister to reside at the Court of Persia. And in the event of hostilities
actually taking place between the Porte and Persia, you will tender your
good offices for the amicable arrangement o f their differences.
I am, &c.
(signed) Castlereagh
[Pe verso: ] Draft, to Mr. Liston

March 2ih 1 8 1 2
No. 1 , 2 Inclosures
398
Credentials and Instuctions
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos 78/79, f. 1 1 - 20; copie
în 1. engleză.
1 62
Pera, 1 81 2 aprilie 1 2
Ch. S. Canning către lord Wellesley despre poziţia ingrată a

Porţii în negocierile de pace cu ruşii, datorită slăbiciunii ei militare;
delegaţii otomani prelungesc tratativele de la Bucureşti în speranţa
obţinerii unor condiţii cât mai acceptabile de pace cu sprijinul guvernului
britanic; aceste consideraţii reies din schimbul de scrisori între
ambasadorul regatului Siciliei la St. Petersburg, ducele de Serra
Capriola şi omologul său de la Poartă, contele Ludolf, adus la cunoştinţa
lui Canning.
Secret
Pera, April l ih 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
.. .I have the honour to inclose herewith an extract of a letter from

the Duke of Serra Capriola to count Ludolf, which was communicated to
me by the latter on the 3 1 st ultimo. lt was written in answer to some
information respecting the disposition of the Turkish Government on the
subject of Peace with Russia, which I requested Count Ludolf to transmit
to his Colleague at St. Petersburgh, for the mutual benefit of both parties.
I have made use of this letter to show the Porte how little is to be hoped
from the moderation of liberal views of Count Romanzow; and I have
been the more careful to do so, as the Character and Conduct of that
Minister with regard to Affairs in this quarter, as well as the reserve to all
appearance so studiously maintained by Russia towards England, make
me apprehend something more than a bare possibility of a reconciliation
between Buonaparte and the Emperor Alexander, notwithstanding the
advanced State of the Military preparations on each side.
Considering the weakness of the Empire, the conclusion of Peace
with Russia under the present circumstances is most highly desirable,
399
were it only with a view to provide against the probable consequences of
that event i f it should infortunately come to pass.
Your Lordship will observe that the Duke of Serra Capriola seems
to have been misinformed respecting the Nature of the proposal made to
this Govemment by the Court of Stockholm. I take opportunity to
mention that I still experience the greatest difficulty in removing from the
minds of the Turkish Ministers all suspicion of Peace having been
secretly concluded between His Maj esty and the Emperor of Russia.
Indeed, this question is a continuai source of embarrassment to me, no
less than a Suspicion to them. For setting aside the want of direct
information, I cannot leave them under such an impression without very
much weakening their Confidence in His Maj esty's Govemment; and on
the other hand, the prospect of that Peace, by encouraging their hope of
obtaining , through the interference of England, better terms than those
hitherto proposed by Russia, must dispose them more than ever to retard
the Negotiations at Bucharest. I have therefore thought i t most expedient
to tell them the truth according to the best intelligence that reaches me;
and in expressing my Conviction that His Maj esty's Govemment will
never fail to promote the Interests of the Porte, as far as it may be
practicable, to reroind them that the interference of England, when
exerted in their behalf, can hardly be expected to prove more efficacious
now than in the year 1 79 1 , and therefore that the Porte should not on that
account neglect any present opportunity of closing with Russia on terms
consistent with the lndependence and security of the Empire.
Stratford Canning
[Adresa:] The Most Noble

&c. &c. &c.
[Pe verso :] Mr. Stratford Canning, No. 1 3

Rec<eive>d Aug. ih
Public Recod Office, Foreign Office Turkey, dos. 78/77, f. 1 30 - 1 3 1 ;

400
1 63
Pera, 1812, aprilie 1 2
Ch. S. Canning către lord Wellesley despre dificultăţile intervenite

în tratativele de pace ruso - turce privind problema cesiunilor teritoriale
în Asia. Manevrele diplomatice ale Franţei la Poartă. Necesitatea
clarificării atitudinii guvernului britanic faţă de implicaţiile conflictului
ruso - turc.
No. 1 4
Pera, April 1 th 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
With regard to the state of Affairs at Bucharest, the Reis Efendi

informed me that, according to the latest advices, the negotiation was
suspended for a time, reference having been made to St. Petersburgh
conceming the demand of a cession in Asia, which the Turkish
Plenipotentiaries have inquired to be set aside before they proceed to the
other points. They have held out a general hope of facilitating the
remaining difficulties, if Russia will so far accede to the wishes of the
Porte on that question, as to replace the Asiatick frontier on the same
footing as before the present war. It is not easy to foresee what
determination the Russian Govemment will take on this subject, but the
insurection in Georgia and the massacre of the Russian troops, if true, as
it is confidently reported, will I hope, dispose them to the side of
Moderation.
To sum up all, the general impression made upon my mind is that
the Porte still intends to contract no sort of alliance with the French, or
their partizans, although some of few members of the Divan may have a
contrary inclination - that the Porte will rather wait the issue of rupture
between France and Russia than conclude Peace with the latter on the
terms now offered - that she averrates the effect to be produced on the
Russian Govemment by the fear of a war with France, and will rather try
to amuse the French and Austrians <that> dare to rej ect their proposals at
once.
401
From this Y our Lordship will natural infer that, although our
relations with the Porte may be in no immediate danger, yet that they will
be exposed to great risk, and will most probably require to be supported
by some extraordinary means, if the Negotiations at Bucharest do not
speedly terminate in Peace - which Event is very uncertain, and upon the
whole less likely than otherwise. I am anxious, therefore, while there is
yet time, again to direct Your Lordship attention to the two particular
sources of danger springing therefore and all ready pointed out in my
letter to His Excellency Sir Gore Ouseley, a copy of which was inclosed
in my Dispatch No. 9, of this year. I mean a reconciliation between
France and Russia at the expense of the Porte, either with or without the
concurrence of Austria and the chance of the Porte being gradually drawn
ino the French system, after that commencement of hostilities in the
North, and the desire of profiting by that diversion, shall have given her
an obj ect in common with France. It is unnecessary for me to expatiate
upon the evident consequences to be apprehended in either case; nor will
I presume to indicate the measures which the wisdom of His Maj esty's
Government may have recourse to in order to obviate them. But I must
observe to Your Lordship, first, that without direct orders from England
there is no reason to expect any naval or military aid from His Maj esty's
forces in the Mediterranean; and secondly, that without fresh instructions,
and the more immediate Countenance of His Maj esty's Government, it is
next to impossible for this Mission to struggle successfully with the many
and formidable Enemies now united against it.
Stratford Canning
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/77, f. 1 4 1 - 1 42;

1 64
Pera, 1 81 2, aprilie 21
Ch. S Canning către lord Wellesley despre propunerile unei

alianţe tripartite între A ustria, Franţa şi Turcia împotriva Rusiei, oferite
Porţii de către internunţiul austriac, baronul lgnaz von Stiirmer şi de
402
însărcinatul cu afaceri al Franţei, marchizul de Latour Maubourg;
avertismentul dat de guvernul britanic Porţii de a nu recurge la soluţii
periculoase, ci să continue a trata cu Rusia spre a obţine condiţii de pace
cât mai avantajoase. S. Canning a trimis un curier la Bucureşti spre a
anunţa pe ruşi despre pericolul atragerii Imperiului Otoman de către
Franţa şi A ustria într-o alianţă şi de aici necesitatea urgentării
tratativelor de pace.
In Cypher
Pera, April 2 1 51 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
I hasten to give Your Lordship the following official Inteligence:

The Austrian Internuncio has just made to the Porte an official
Communication to the following purport - That he is ordered to inform
the Porte confidentially that a Treaty of Defensive Alliance is concluded
between France and Austria; that in it there is an express Stipulation in
favour of the Integrity of the Turkish Empire in Europe; that Austria is to
afford her active cooperation in the future \Var against Russia; that on the
supposition that the Sultan will continue to refuse the disadvantageous
terms offered by Russia it is for the common Interest to combine the
Military Operations for the approaching Campaign which will thus extend
without interruption from the Baltic to the Black Sea; that in such a case
the Court of Vienna will send an Officer to the Turkish Head Quarters,
for whose reception the Grand Vizir ought to have immediate orders, as
Events will succeed too rapidly to admit of reference to Constantinople
and Vienna; that the Intemuncio is ordered to declare that the Court of
Vienna will never separate its interests from those of the Porte, and
finally, that the strictest secrecy is required.
The French Charge d' Affaires has at last proposed a formal Treaty
of Alliance with the Porte, stating himself to have full Powers to conclude
one. And yet the Porte appears firmly to resist these Overtures.
But the Negotiation goes on slowly, if indeed it may be said to go
on at all; and I very much fear the consequences of Peace not being
signed with Russia before the War in the North breaks out.
I most earnestly entreat the attention of His Maj esty's Governrnent
to two sources of danger, - first that of reconciliation between France and
Russia at the expense of the Porte; 2dly, of the Porte being forced into the
French System against Russia. If these dangers can any how be provided
403
against, not an instant is to be I ost. The conclusion of Peace with Russia is
the first remedy. I am doing all I can to bring it about, but my means are
very scanty, and although I have not lost all hope, yet the chances are
very much against that event. Both Parties are obstinate.
I am very much in want of instructions - even the communication
directly from His Maj esty's Govemment; if greater means cannot be
employed, would be of great service. The French are making every
possible exertion. Courier upon Courier arrive here from Paris. I must not
omit that I have secretly sent a person express to Bucharest with the news
contained in this letter - it may possibly open the eyes of the Russians to
their danger. My Lord, I again beg for instructions and support, without
which I can hardly hope to act with effect.
Stratford Canning
[Adresa:] To the Marquis Wellesley, K.G.

&c. &c. &c.
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/77, f. 1 59 - 1 60 v0;

1 65
Pera, 181 2, aprilie 25
Ch. S. Canning către lord Wellesley despre evoluţia tratativelor

de pace ruso- turce de la Bucureşti; sultanul <Mahmud II>, deşi
resemnat cu necesitatea unor concesii în Principatele Dunărene, nu este
dispus la nici o cedare de teritorii în Asia. Situaţia ambiguă creată de
oferta de alianţă austro-franceză,· Poarta refuză să adere la aceasta din
teamă de a nu vedea invadate Principatele de austrieci, sub pretextul de
a-i ataca pe ruşi. Confidenţe făcute de Mehmed A 'rif Efendi, reis efendi,
lui S. Canning.
No. 1 6
Pera, April 2 5 1h 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
404
According to the official assurances of the Turkish Mnisters, the
Negotiation at Bucharest continues in the same State as when I last had
the honour of addressing Your Lordship on the Subj ect, no answer upon
the question of the Asiatic frontier having yet been received from St.
Petersburgh.
The Suggestions which I submitted with Mr. Italinski ' s letter to
the Sultan's consideration have hitherto produced no avowed Alteration
in the intentions of this Govemment respecting the terms of Peace to he
accepted from Russia. The Sultan declares in his Answer, which was
communicated to me by Order of his Highness, that "The obstinate
proposals of Russia cannot he admitted, and that the Asiatic frontiers
must he replac ed on their ancient footing" Your Lordship wi 11 observe
„ .
that this must exclude all further interference of a direct nature on my

part, until some fresh incident shall occur; but the language of the Sultan
leads me to hope more strongly than ever that if Russia were to give up
her pretensions in Asia, the Porte would concede on the other points
enough to effect the conclusion of Peace.
In the mean tirne our enemies continue their intrigues with
unabated activity. On the 1 6th the French Charge d' Affaires had a long
interview with the Reis Efendi, when, as I am credibly though privately
informed, he made a direct proposal of Alliance with the Porte, to which
an evasive answer was retumed.
After the arrival of the last Courier from Vienna, the Intemuncio
made a written communication to the Porte, of which the following is a
literal translation: "The Confidential Communication which the
Intemuncio has to make to the Ottoman Ministers by Order of this Court,
consists of three principal points: First, the Conclusion of a Treaty of
Defensive Alliance between Austria and France; Secondly, the Insertion
in this act, an express Stipulation in favour of the Ottoman Empire in
Europe; Thirdly, the active co-operation of Austria in the War against
Russia"
The Grand Signor will find reason to recollect în this State of
things the recompense due to the noble firmness and Character with
which He has hitherto refused to listen to a disadvantageous Peace. He
canno t but feel extremely grateful to Austria for the Policy she has
followed, which now compleats the essential Service she has rendered
Him. Supposing His Highness to he still disposed to the line of Conduct
which He has hitherto pursued, it will doubtless he for the common
Interest to combine the Military Operations of the two Courts for the
405
ensuing Campaign. Operations which begin from the Baltic will thus
extend without intenuption to the Black Sea.
In this case the Court of Vienna will take care to send in proper
time to the Turki sh Head Quarters Officers of Merit who will serve as
Intem1ediare between the two Am1ies. Therefore it will be necessary, if
the Ottoman Porte enters into these views, that proper directions be given
to the Grand Vizir to concert with the Austrian Officers who are to be
sent to him. The Succession of Events will be too rapid to admit or
frequent rcference to Constantinople and Vienna; at all events, the
Ottoman Ministers are rcquired to keep the strictest secrecy respecting
this Affair, which is in perfect conformity with the Interests of the Porte,
Interests which the Austrian Court will never separate from Her own.
This is the Assurance which the Intemuncio is authorized to add to the
Proofs of Friendship which the Emperor has afforded His Highness at this
moment.
Your Lordship will perceive by this with what blind and eamest
alacrity Austria is pressing on to the work of her own destruction, as if the
Past were swept from her memory, and as if She thought herself not deep
enough in shame and bondage until She had signed and sealed away
every worthy feeling, every remnant of honour and independence which
had survived the last unfortunate War. Some excuse, indeed, for the
baseness and stupidity which characterize the proceedings of the Prussian
Govemment, may be found in the defenceless State of that Country, and
the unaccountable indifference of Russia to its fate. But Austria has
outrun necessity; and if her Conduct may still seem to offer any traces of
her former noble and independent Character, they are to be found only in
her eagemess to display to the World that what She does is done
voluntarily, and that if the part, She acts be a ruinous and dishonest one,
She may at least claim the credit of having chosen it for herself, a credit
but little calculated to colour the ignominy of the Choice. Though the
Crimes of the present Govemment of France are permitted to succeed for
a Season, yet surely may be hoped, my Lord, that Providence will not
allow the example of profligacy thus exhibited by Austria to pass with
impunity. It will rather go forth to future ages as an Object of Warning no
less than of indignation. lt seems that this Country is to be the theatre
whereon the first effects of the new and unnatural connection are to be
essayed; and I assure Your Lordship that, i f other motives were wanting,
the sole desire of helping in some degree to make the degraded
Govemment of Austria feel that the only fruits to be gathered from the
Sacrifice of her honour are mistrust and contempt, would urge me to
406
redouble my exertions in order to keep the Porte on her guard, and obtain
the complete rej ection of the Intemuncio 's proposals.
In fact I am positively assured that such is the fate of the only
proposal which that Minister has hitherto brought forward, and there is at
present much reason to hope that the Steps he may hereafter take for the
same purpose will be equally ineffectual. On the other hand, when I look
forward to the future, I canat divest myself of every apprehension; and
my anxiety respecting the continuance of the war between Russia and the
Porte consequently increases. Your Lordship will not be surprised,
therefor, that I should endeavour, though restrained for the moment from
a more direct and effectual interference, to remove by all the means in my
power such opinions and impressions as may operate with the Turkish
Govemment to retard the progress of the Negotiations. Some of these
obstacles may be successfully combated with words, but others require
the application of a more substantial force.
Among the latter is the apprehension that the conclusion of Peace
with Russia, under the present Circumstances, may involve the Porte in a
War with France and her Allies. Two or three days after I had written to
Your Lordship on the l i11 instant, I received Information that such an idea
prevailed at the Porte, and that certain of the Turkish Ministers, the most
disposed to a French Alliance, made it the princial ground of their
opinions, and lost no opportunity of contrasting the Solid Offers of France
with the empty Professions of the opposite Party. While I was considering
by what means I could hope to remedy this mischief, it came to my
knowledge that the Porte was ignorant of the precise case in which His
Maj esty has authorized the exchange of the Separate and Secret Article,
and still more so of the ratification being actually in my possession. A
remedy of doubtful efficacy indeed, but important as being the only one at
hand, and satisfactory as being quite within the range of my Instructions,
was thus suggested to me; and I immediately determined upon demanding
an official Conference with a view to ascertain the correctness of my
information, and on finding it well-grounded, to acquaint the Turkish
Ministers with my readiness to extend the operation of the Article in
question to the Case of War being commenced against the Porte by
France in consequence of Peace being concluded between the former and
Russia; and further to intimate my Power to give immediate effect to the
provisions of the said Article.
This Conference took place today. The Reis Efendi protests that
neither the French nor Austrians have employed any menacing language
of the nature I supposed, and that if they were ever to recur to such
407
means the Porte would not suffer herself to be influenced by them. In
conse �uence of this assurance I have thought it prudent to withhold what
I intended to communicate this moming; but I have requested the Reis
Efendi to inform me whenever the case I anticipate shall actually occur,
as it will then be in my power to make a Communication of very
considerable Interest to the Porte. He has promised to do so; and as I
prolonged the conference in order to draw from him a formal
confirmation of his assurances respecting the proposals of France, I had
the pleasure to find that he repeated them without hesitation. He
expressed himself in the following words: "I formally and officially
declare to you that from the Signature of the Treaty of the Dardanelles to
this moment in which I speak, the System of the Porte towards England
has always been the same, and so it will continue". I will not presume to
trouble Your Lordship with a report of the Conversation on my side,
which was little more than a repetition of what I have so often urged on
former occasions, with this difference, - that I abstained from pressing
any further the Subj ect of concession to Russia.
In answer to several questions from me, the Reis E fendi asserted
that the French Charge d' Affaires had as yet made no direct proposal of
Alliance, but he suspected that he meant to do so at a Conference which
he is to have in a few days. He would not expressly avow his knowledge
of the Stipulation in the Treaty between France and Austria conceming
the integrity of the Turkish Empire; but told me the Intemuntio had
declared to him that he had no authority to propose the accession of the
Porte to that Treaty. He also told me, in reference to the Secret plan of
invasion prepared by the Cabinet of Vienna, that he had made the
following declaration to the Intemuntio: "Your Govemment is allied with
France to fight against Russia. The Russian troops occupy Provinces
which we c laim as ours. Your forces will perhaps enter them under
pretence of attacking the Russians. If they do so the Porte will consider it
as an act of hostility, and take her measures accordingly". The Reis
Efendi added that the Porte would not fear the issue of a War with
Austria, if it were necessary to come to blows with that Power. The only
event She really feared was an immediate Reconciliation between France
and Russia. He concluded by saying that he did not regard our Conference
as terminated, but that he wished to meet me again and continue it in the
presence of his Colleague, the Plenypotentiary of the Conferences, with
whom the French Charge d 'Affaires has so many Secret Interviews.
I have no information to make me call in question the Sincerity of
the preceding language; but you will observe, my Lord, that it is not
wholly unreserved, nor is my reliance upon it by any means such as to
408
alter the opinions expressed in my no. 1 4 of this year. I find nothing in it
to diminish the impatience with which I shall await Your Lordship' s
answer t o the latter part of that dispatch, or to remove the concern I feel at
the want of any effectual means wherewith to hasten the progress of the
Negotiations.
Stratford Canning

The Marquis Wellesley K.G.
&c. &c. &c.
[Pe verso:] Mr. Stratford Canning No. 1 6

?1h
Rec<eive>d August

1 66
Pera, 1 81 2, mai 5
Ch. S. Canning către Robert Castlereagh: despre apropiata sosire

la Poartă a noului ambasador al Franţei, generalul conte <Antoine>
Andreossy a cărui plecare din Paris a fost ţinută secretă chiar
însărcinatului cu afaceri al Porţii din capitala Franţei <Panaiotachi
Anghelopulos>; negocierile de pace de la Bucureşti stagnează,"
plenipotenţiarii turci se străduiesc să reziste pretenţiilor ruse iar
atitudinea dregătorilor Porţii înclină mai mult spre continuarea
războiului. Nu se cunosc rezultatele misiunii contelui Aleksandr lvanovici
Cernişev întors la St. Petersburg de la Paris, dar scrisori de la Viena
vorbesc despre iminenţa rupturii dintre Franţa şi Rusia. Aceasta din
urmă şi-a retras două divizii din Ţara Românească.
No. 3
Pera, 1 8 1 2, mai 5
My Lord,
. . . France has appointed General Andreossy her Ambassador to

the Porte. His arrival on the frontier of Bosnia is officially announced to
409
thc Porte. I I i s clcp arturc rro m Paris has bccn kcpt secret even from the
Turk i sh Chargc d ' A ffaircs in Pari s. T h e French Embassy has established
a regu l ar Post to P ari s throu gh Bosnia. The negotiation for peace at
Buc harest docs not ad vancc. W ith the last Courier left Bucharest, it was
still in suspences nor docs it appear that the answer expected from St.
P etersburgh h ad arrived. I am informed that the Turkish Plenipotentiaries
had rec ei veci o rders from th c G rand Vizir in consequence of the proposals
made hy F rance and A u stri a - to resist the pretensions of Russia with
greatcr fi rmncss, but not to w ithh o l d the concessions already authorized,
i f abso l utely necessary for the conc lusion of peace.
The l a nguage of the m i n i sters of the Porte is rather for war.
Thc resuit of Count Czemichef s mission to St. Petersburgh (who
l e ft P ari s at the request of Napoleon with a secret mission to Czar
Alex ander) is not yet known here, but letters from that city and Vienna
co nt i nu e to encourage the expectation of an immediate rupture between
Franc e and Russi a. The m i l itary preparations continue with unremitting
act i v it y Two divisi ons are withdrawn, as it is asse1ted from Wallachia [ . . . ]
.
I am sorry to find that the suspicious entertained by the Turkish

M i n i sters respecting a secret understanding between Englad and Russia,
i ncrease ; nor c an I effectually removc them by the most solemn
assuran c e . An impleasnt o cc mTen ce has just now inflamed their violence
to a great d e gree, o c c asi oned for the moment a material diminution of the
Confidence latel y established between the Reis E fendi and myself as I am
not, however, without hopes of remedying the mischief with a little
pati enc e and firmness, I do not think it necessary to trouble Your
Lordship at present with particulars of the Occurrence to which I allude.
But it is of consequence for Your Lordship to know that the Porte
considers herself entitled to the friendly interference of His Maj esty's
Govemment in her favour, as soon as the renewal of intercourse between
England and Russia shall afford a favourable opportunity, nor will the
Turkish Ministers be diverted from the persuasion that such an
opportunity already exists.
Canning
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78177, f. 1 95 - 1 98 v,

orig. în I . engleză.
410
1 67
Pera, 1 81 2 mai 7
Ch. S. Canning către R. Castlereagh despre progresele

înregistrate în tratativele de pace de la Bucureşti. Datorită primejdiei
atacului Franţei împotriva Rusiei, cabinetul de la St. Petersburg a făcut
concesii: acceptă anexarea Moldovei doar până la Prut, renunţă la orice
pretenţii teritoriale în Caucaz şi se arată satisfăcută doar cu o amnistie şi
un regim de toleranţă acordat sârbilor. Mehmed A 'rif Efendi, reis-efendi,
face cunoscută lui S. Canning trimiterea concomitentă a unor
ambasadori otomani la Londra şi Paris.
No. 4
Pera, May ih 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
I have the pleasure this moming to receive ·information that the

Plenipotentiaries at Bucharest have at length made some effectual
progress in the Negotiation, though I know not whether the more
moderate disposition now manifested by the Russians, îs to be attributed
to fresh Orders from St. Petersburgh, or to apprehensions excited by the
Alliance between France and Austria.
The last dispatches from Bucharest are dated the 2i11 ultimo, at
which time one of the most important Articles of the Treaty was arranged,
and much of the difficulty respecting the other points removed. I am
positively assured that the Russians have already contracted their
pretensions on the European frontier to the river Pruth; and that with
respect to Asia, they have abandoned their demand of a cession as far as
the Phasis. The Article already agreed upon regards the Servians. A
general Amnesty is to be granted to them; they are to be govemed by a
Pasha; and they are to enjoy a new privilege respecting the manner of
collecting the Capitation tax.
According to this the appearance of the negotiation is mch more
promising than before, but I cannot yet consider it by any means secure of
a favourable issue.
The Reis Efendi sent me word today that the Porte is taking
measures to accelerate the departure of the Ambassadors destined for
London and Paris. It is intended, he says, that they shall both set out at the
same time.
41 1
Stratford Canning
[Adresa : ] To the Right Honourable

Lord Viscount Castlereagh
[Pe verso: ] Mr. Stratford Canning No.4 Rec<eived>
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78177, f. 205-205 v0,
206 v0; orig. publicat parţial de Ceda Mijatovic, op. cit., p. 96-97, doc. 1 1 2.
1 68
Pera, 1812, mai 1 1
Ch. S. Canning către R. Castlereagh despre sosirea

ambasadorului francez, generalul conte Antoine Andreossy, în Bosnia în
drum spre Constantinopol. Austria, atrasă într-un apropiat război alături
de Franţa împotriva Rusiei, propune o cooperare pe plan militar cu
Imperiul Otoman. Refuzul Porţii, dar nesiguranţa tratativelor de pace cu
ruşii de la Bucureşti continuă.
Cypher throughout
Pera, May 1 1 th 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
General Andreossy is on his way hither as Ambassador

Extraordinary. He is officially announced to the Porte as being arrived on
the frontier of Bosnia. I suspect he has already passed it. Austria has
engaged her seif in her Treaty with France, to carry on active operations
against Russia; she bas proposed to the Ottoman Porte to combine
operations against Russia for the ensuing Campaign. The Porte has not
hitherto accepted the Proposal. But the issue of the negociation at
Bucharest is still very uncertain. lt appears however to be going on at
present with more promise of successs than for some time past.
412
My Duty requires me again to press upon the consideration of His
Maj esty's Govemment the situation of His Mission, at the wish of
appearing unportunate.
I have the Honour
Canning
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78177, f. 209; orig. în
1. engleză.
1 69
Pera, 1 81 2 mai 1 9
Ch. S. Canning către R. Castlereagh despre răceala şi

suspiciunile din relaţiile anglo - turce datorită trimiterii unui emisar la
Bucureşti, cu misiunea de a înştiinţa pe delegaţii ruşi la tratativele de
pace asupra ofertei de alianţă a Austriei şi Franţei fă.cută Porţii, spre a-i
determina pe amintiţii delegaţi, alarmaţi de o astfel de eventualitate, să
încheie cât mai rep ede pacea cu turcii. Em isarul desconspirat a
fos t îndreptat de S. Canning într-o altă direcţie ca să împrăştie
bănuielile reis-efendi-ului Mehmed A 'rifEfendi şi s-a folosit, în secret, de
serviciile unui călător englez aflat la Constantinopol < Thomas Gordon>
şi care urma să treacă pe la Bucureşti, spre a alerta pe ruşi de pericolul
alianţei austro-franco-otomane. Reinstaurarea bunelor relaţii între S.
Canning şi reis-efendi după aplanarea acestui incident.
Separarte
Pera, May 1 91h 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
The misunderstanding ansmg from a circumstance to which I

alluded in one of my last dispatches to Your Lordship, as having
materially affected my confidential intercourse with the Porte, is now
entirely removed.
The circumstance itself is as follows: On being informed of the
communication made to the Porte by the Austrian Intemuntio,
announcing the hostile intentions of his Court towards Russia, I thought it
of the utmost importance to convey immediate intelligence there of to the
413
Russian Headquarters at Bucharest. It was necessary for several reasons
to do this without the knowledge of the Porte, and also with a due regard
to the State of Separation still subsisting between His Maj esty's
Government and the Court of St. Petersburgh. Unfortunately the person
whom I first charged with the Commission was detained in the very
outset by an officer of the Police, in consequence of some act of
carelessness either on his part or on that of the Janissary who attended
him; and in order to conceal my obj ect, and to prevent any Suspicious at
the Porte, I was obliged immediately to send him off in a different
direction.
After this, only one expedient remained. An English traveller
happened to be here, who intended, if possible, to retum to England
through the Russian Dominions. To this Gentleman I confided my wishes,
and he readily undertook, for the Service of His Maj esty ' s Govemment,
to communicate what I desired either to M. d 'Italinsky or to the Russian
Commander-in-Chief at Bucharest. I did not think proper to write any
letter on this occasion, but I took such measures as were calculated to
give authority to the communication.
A few days after the departure of this Gentleman, the Reis Efendi
ever suspicious of a secret connection between England and Russia, sent
me word that he understood I had dispatched a person to Bucharest, and
demanded an explanation of this proceeding. My answer did not satisfy
him; and with a great deal of high language he formally declared that the
Porte withdrew her confidence from me on the subj ect o f her transactions
with Russia.
There was something so unjust and provoking in the suspicions
thus hastly entertained by the Reis Efendi, that I did not hesitate to replay
to that Minster in the same tone, which he had himself thought proper to
employ. In a few days this produced a full effect. The suspension of
confidence was retracted with more formality than it had been declared,
without the smallest condescension on my part, and the confidential
intercourse between this Mission and the Porte respecting the Russian
negotiation is, therefore, replaced on its former footing.
I have since seen the Reis Efendi, and entered into such further
explanation as appear to have completely efaced every unpleasant
impression; and I am desired by no means to discontinue the Secret
Correspondence with our friends at St. Petersburgh, o f which Y our
Lordship is already apprized. I have also received intelligence that the
person who undertook to convey my above - mentioned communication
to Bucharest has reached that place in safety.
414
Stratford Canning
[Adresa:] To the Right Honourable

Lord V iscount Castleragh,
&c. &c. &c.
[Pe verso :] Mr. Stratford Canning

Separate
Rec<eive>d August 22"d
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/77, f. 2 1 6 - 2 1 7,

2 1 7 v0, orig. în limba engleză.
1 70
Pera, 1 81 2, iunie 1 O
Ch. S. Canning către R. Castlereagh aducându-i la cunoştinţă

ştirea semnării tratatului de pace de la Bucureşti la 1 6128 sau 1 7129 mai.
Principalele articole: "status-quo " la graniţa asiatică; anexarea
teritoriului Moldovei dintre Prut şi Nistru cu promisiunea dărâmării de
către ruşi a cetăţilor Jsmail şi Chilia; amnistie pentru sârbi ş. a. Marele
vizir Ahmed paşa şi cei doi suverani, rus şi otoman, urmează să ratifice
tratatul. Poarta depune eforturi spre a se anula articolul privind
facilităţile militare acordate Rusiei pe râul Phasis în Caucaz. Amiralul
Pavel Vasilievici Ciceagov, care a înlocuit în Principate pe generalul
Kutuzov, cere diplomatului A.I. Italinski, la insistenţele Curţii de la St.
Petersburg, să încheie o alianţă cu Poarta, prin mijlocirea Angliei, ceea
ce otomanilor le repugnă. Poarta vrea să asocieze Marea Britanie printr
un articol secret la tratatul de pace încheiat cu Rusia.
Pera, June 1 01h 1 8 1 2

My Lord,
I have the satisfaction to inform Your Lordship that the

preliminaries of Peace were signed by the Russian and Turkish
415
Plenipotentiaries at Bucharest on the 1 th Ultimo, and that the definitive
Treaty was signed on the 28 111 or 291h .
The principal Articles are: Renewal of the ancient Treaties, on the
side of the Asiatic State antebellum; the Pruth and the Danube the
boundary in Europe on condition of the Fortresses of Ismail and Kili
being demolished; Servia restored to the Porte with an Amnesty and some
Privileges; the Porte to offer her good Offices between Persia and Russia;
the Treaty to be ratified in ten Days by the Grand Vizir; and in Twenty
Five or Thirty, by the respective Sovereigns; evacuation of the Provinces
restored to the Porte, to take place in Three Months after the signature.
There is a separate Convention, one Article of which is for the
Russians to have fortified Magazines near the Mouth of the Phasis; liberty
to send ammunition to the Army in Georgia by that River. I believe this is
the only Article of it, but I am not quite certain.
The Grand Vizir has already ratified the Treaty and the Sultan
whose signature is of course necessary, has ordered them to be prepared.
As far as I can leam there is no mention of an Alliance. The whole
of this Information except the Signature of the Preliminaries is obtained
through a confidential Channel, but it may be relied upon. As for the
Ottoman Ministers, they deny everything.
Notwithstanding what is stated above The Porte seem to intend to
make another effort to set aside the S eparate Article about the Phasis. The
Reis Effendi asserts that the Peace will not otherwise be made. But that I
do not believe. Admirai Tchichacoff, who has succeeded General
Kutusoff, wrote word, by express orders of the Emperor o f Russia, that
Mr. ltalinsky is ordered to proceed hither, to arrange an Alliance with the
Porte, in concert with me. The Ottoman Porte still profess the greatest
Repugnance at the idea of an Alliance, nor do I yet known whether
M<onsieu>r ltalinsky wil l really come.
I have more to say to Your Lordship, but the limits of the present
Communication oblige me to offer it a few days, when I mean to send a
Person to England with Dispatches by Sea.
In the mean time I will only add that the Porte has ordered the
Grand Vizir to propose to the Russian P lenipotentiary the addition of a
separate and Secret Article, inviting England to accede to the Treaty of
Peace.
Stratford Canning
416
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78177, f. 224-225 v;
1 71
Pera, 1 812, iunie} 2
Ch. S. Canning către R. Castlereagh despre situaţia creată după

încheierea tratatului de pace ruso-turc; insistenţele Rusiei de a atrage
Imperiul Otoman într-o alianţă împotriva Franţei respinse ca inoportune
de către Poartă; dezamăgirea provocată la Constantinopol de semnarea
tratatului de la Bucureşti. Problema spinoasă a asocierii Marii Britanii la
acest tratat de pace. Turcii refuză ori ce compromis în Caucaz, privind
penetraţia rusă pe râul Phasis. Sosirea emisarului rus < Constantin
Jakovlevici> Bulgakov, <directorul Cancelariei diplomatice a trupelor
ruse din Moldova>, la Constantinopol, cu depeşe către Canning de la
amiralul P. V. Ciceagov şi A. I. ltalinski. Întârzierea sosirii
ambasadorului francez Andreossy la Poartă. Urzeli austro-franceze pe
lângă turci cu ameninţarea intrării trupelor austriece în Principate spre a
reizbucni conflictul cu ruşii; cu şase anexe diplomatice, primul
cuprinzând fragmente din textul tratatului de pace ruso-turc de la
Bucureşti (1 6128 mai 1812) şi scrisori adresate lui S. Canning de către
ducele de Serra Capriola, A. I. ltalinski, amiralul Ciceagov şi raportul lui
Thomas Gordon asupra misiunii sale la Bucureşti.
No. 6
Pera, June l ih 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
I have the satisfaction to inform Your Lordship that a Definitive

Treaty of Peace between Russia and the Porte was signed on the 28 th
ultimo at Bucharest. For the further information of His Majesty's
Govemment I transmit herewith a Copy of the ostensible Treaty, together
with a Separate Convention consisting of two secret Articles. Your
Lordship will observe that the whole is already ratified by the Russian
Commander in Chief and the Grand Vizir; it now remains for the
respective Sovereigns to give their ratification; but some hesitation which
I perceive on this subject at the Porte does not leave me entirely without
uneasmess.
417
Jn this advanced stage of the business it is needless to trouble
Your Lordship with the details of what I have do ne since the date of my
last dispatches, in order to hasten that desirable event. It will probably
suffice to lay beforc His Maj esty' s Government the Correspondence
which has taken place in pursuance of my letters of February the l 91h to
M. d'Italinsky, and the Duke of Serra Capriola; and in general to explain
the most important steps which I have ventured to take in furtherance of
the obj ects connected with that Correspondence.
On the 1 ih ultimo I had the pleasure of receiving, in answer to the
letters j ust mentioned, the three of which copies are contained in the
inclosures marked B and C . Immediately on their receipt I proceeded to
make such representations at the Porte as might induce the Turkish
Government to take reasonable advantage of the facilities thus offered to
them for the conclusion of Peace.
Your Lordship will perhaps be surprised to learn that instead of
receiving from them any expression of thankfulness for the effect
produced by my letters, I met with nothing but j ealousies, suspicions and
insults. So disgusting was their behaviour, that nothing but my resolution
not to allow any secondary considerations to divert me from the great
obj ect in view, could have enabled me to endure it for a moment. Being at
first informed that the Russians proposed the Alliance as a Conditio sine
qua non I thought it best, for the sake of Peace, to undertake upon that
principie the task of obtaining its acceptance, notwithstanding the well
known repugnance of the Porte, and my ignorance of the opinion
entertained upon the Subj ect by His Maj esty,s Government. But before I
could overcome the difficulties j ust alluded to, I received information of
the Signature of the Preliminaries, and the apparent i ntention of the
Russians not to press the Alliance in a peremptory manner. In the i nterval,
however, I had thought it expedient to turn Ali Pasha' s attention towards
this obj ect, and to put in immediate activity the disposition already shewn
by that Chieftain to cooperate against the French; ând therefore I had
written to Mr. George Foresti the letter of which I have now the honour to
inclose a copy. I have therein mentioned the expediency of England being
invited to accede to any Alliance between Russia and the Porte, because I
conceive that without it the Porte would never consent to such a
connection, and because I take it for granted that His Maj esty's
Government would in that case alone approve the establishment of so
clase an intimacy between those two Powers.
But on finding that the Alliance was not demanded · as an
indispensable condition, I immediately determined not to risk the
418
influence of this Mission by supporting a measure to which the Porte, as I
have stated on forrner occasions, had shewn so decided a repugnance, and
to confine myself for a time to urging the Coclusion of Peace, and making
such general representations as might gradually smooth the road to the
acceptance of the Alliance at some future period.
[Probleme legate de negocierile ruso-turce şi politica comună faţă
de Persia] .
In the mean time the reserve of the Turkish Ministers on the whole
question of Peace with Russia continued to increase. I was again obliged
to entertain the most unpleasant apprehensions and I therefore thought it
necessary, on the 5 th instant, to have an interview with the Reis Efendi .
The object I had in view was t o ascertain the causes of this reserve, and if
possible to remove them, as well as any obstacles which might still retard
the conclusion of Peace. Those causes I had already conj ectured to be the
fear of my interference committing the Porte with France, and the
j ealousy of my increasing correspondence with the Russians; and this
conj ecture was perfectly confirmed by the Reis Efendi ' s manner and
conversation. I did not hesitate, therefore, to pursue the line of conduct
which I had already chalked out for the occasion. In order to prove that I
did not wish to commit the Porte prematurely with France, I readily
undertook to write to Mr. d'Italinsky on the subject of the proposed
Alliance, and to endeavour to dissuade him from pressing it tao closely; at
the same time, in order to reestablish a persuasion of our attachment to
the interests of the Porte, I undertook with equal readiness to write to that
Plenipotentiary in support of her obj ections to the article regarding the
Phasis; both which points were represented to me by the Reis Efendi as
wholly inadmissible on the part of the Porte. And further to prove my
ignorance of any direct negotiation being on foot between England and
Russia, I ventured to propose that the Porte should prevail upon the letter
to admit an article in the Treaty of Peace, inviting England to accede o it.
I must not conceal from Your Lordship that in pursuing this line
of conduct, I had other obj ects in view at the same time.
First, as my letters to Mr. d'Italinsky were to be read by the Sultan
and his Ministers, I thought I could express my opinion on certain points,
and particularly on that of the Alliance, so as to produce more effect and
less suspicion than by addressing myself directly to the Turkish
Govemment. Besides, I wished to place in their proper light the principles
upon which I had acted, in the name of His Maj esty's Govemment,
throughout this business.
419
[Discutarea punctului 2 privind pretenţiile Rusiei la graniţa cu
Persia şi opoziţia Porţii}.
Thirdly, in proposing the eventual accession of England, as above
mentioned, which I declared at the same time to be an act entirely of my
own, I hoped, without in the least degree committing His Maj esty's
Govemment to establish a basis for the formation of a Triple Alliance, if
considered expedient and practicable at any future period, and to obtain,
from the Russians, without any apparent advance on the side of England,
a proof of their determination to abandon the System of France. It must be
added that to make this measure palatable to the Porte, I represented it as
one which, without the inconvenience of any alliance or formal guarantee,
would serve to consolidate her Treaty with Russia by giving England the
right to all the Court of St. Petersburgh to account for any future
infraction of it.
I have now the honour to inclose the Copies, marked H and I of
the letters to Mr. Italinsky and the Duke of Serra Capriola, which I have
forwarded through the Porte; and to inform Your Lordship that the Sultan
has ordered the grand Vizir to propose to the Russian Plenipotentiaries the
accession of England to the treaty of Peace in the manner I have already
explained. It is right also to lay before Your Lordship the Copies of two
other letters which I have addressed to the same persons j ust mentioned,
for the better explanation and furtherance of the same obj ect.
But Your Lordship will naturally suppose that the conclusion of
the Treaty in its present form has shut the door to the admission of any
such proposal. lt therefore remains for me to describe the real State of the
Case. Notwithstanding the signature of the Plenipotentiaries, and the
ratification of the Grand Vizir, the Govemment at Constantinople
continue firm, as far at least as any assertions at this p lace can be relied
upon in their refusal of the establishment demanded near the Phasis, and
declare their intention not to exchange the final ratification without that
demand by ( ! ) withdrawn. I can hardly believe them, serious in this
assertion, and indeed I am persuaded in my own mind that they are not,
but that they mean to make another attempt to strike off the obj ectionable
Article, I do not doubt, and in the present disposition of the Russians, it is
by no means impossible that they may succeed. I think it however, most
prudent at a j uncture of such extreme delicacy to take the worst for
granted; the more so, as our enemies are again setting every engine at
work in order to avert the impeding blow with which their interests are
menaced. Under this impression I have declared to the Porte that His
Maj esty's Govemment would view with deep regret the rej ection of terms
420
in other respects acceptable, merely on account of the article at present
obj ected to, and that the refusal of ratificatin for such a reason would be
regarded as the extreme of madness and bad faith. In short, not to detain
Your Lordship with useless repetition, I have endeavoured, and will still
endeavour, to leave nothing undone that may serve to secure the great and
salutary work so nearly accomplished.
On the 9th instant I received through the Porte a letter from
Admiral Tchitchagoff, who has succeded General Kutusoff in the
Command at Bucharest accompanied with another from M . d' ltalinsky, of
both which I have the honour to inclose the Copies contained in the
inclosure M., and yesterday morning M. de Boulgakoff arrived here with
other letters from the same quarter, Copies of which are also inclosed
herewith in the paper marked N.
Considering the circumstances of the moment, I have had no
hesitation in receiving M. de Boulgakoff, and in acting in concert with
him, for the accomplishment of obj ects no less interesting, as I must
conclude, to England, than to Russia. But Admiral Tchitchagoff seems
not to be aware of the decided repugnance existing here to any idea of
Alliance, nor of the difficulties opposed to the ratification of the Treaty,
and particularly to Mr. ltalinsky's intended j ourney.
On the first point I have but one opinion, namely, that until the
ratification be exchanged it would be not only useless, but dangerous, to
press the question of Alliance in any direct way; that it is most probable
the Porte will never accede to it; but, however, that when the Peace is
irrevocably concluded, several fresh Circumstance will arise which may
then induce the Porte to depart from her present Intentions. I shall
therefore confine myself for the present to conveying to Admirai
Tchitchagoff the best information I can upon the Subj ect, at the same time
that I shall endeavour to give Lord William Bentinck and Sir Edward
Pellew the earliest Notice ofhis Views, and continue to use such language
at the Porte as may prepare the minds of the Turkish Ministers for
receiving the proposals to be made after the exchange of the ratifications.
I am the more confirmed in this mode of proceeding, because I
have received intelligence of Mr. Liston's'near approach.
On the other hand, I am perfectly alive to the disadvantage of
losing time, and am therefore endeavouring to remove every obstacle
which may retard for one moment the arrival of Mr. Liston, and of M.
d'ltalinsky at this Capital.
M. de Boulgakoff informs me that Admirai Greig is on his way
hither from the Russian Head Quarters at Bucharest, and leads me to
42 1
expect that he is charged to explain to me Admirai Tchitchagoffs plans
more in detail. He is coming by Odessa, and as it is probable, from the
state of the Winds, that he will arrive to-day or to-morrow, I shall beg
leave to defer until after his arrival any further observations on this part of
the Subj ect.
I take this opportunity to mention, that General Andreossi is by no
means so near as I was led to believe when I first announced his
appointment to Your Lordship. I do not yet know of his departure from
Paris. The French Charge d' Affaires having made an official Notification
to the Porte of his arrival on the frontier of Bosnia, and the Porte having
in consequence sent off a person to meet him, I conceived that there was
no possible room for mis-statement on the Subj ect.
The French and Austrian Mission continue their intrigues to
prevent the Peace, but I do not learn that either of them has lately made
any specific proposal, beyond what I have had the honour of mentioning
in my former dispatches. Some weeks ago the Internuntio gave an official
Assurance to the Reis Efendi, that no Austrian troops would march into
Wallachia and Moldavia without the permission of the Porte. The
accounts of the Austrian force in Galicia are very contradictory. It
appears, however, from the best, that it does not exceed 30,000 men.
I cannot conclude this dispatch without humbly intreating His
Maj esty's Government to regard my late proceedings with indulgence. If
in any instance I have acted in a manner not strictly authorized by the
letter of my instructions, I trust Your Lordship will consider the critica!
Nature of the moment, and the very impotant obj ects which, at this
distance from England, would perhaps be irrecoverably lost by delay or
excess of caution. Under such circumstances, I have thought it my duty to
act according to the best of my j udgement for the public service, at the
same time that I have tried with the utmost care to avoid comitting His
Maj esty's Government.
Stratford Canning
[Pe verso :] h
Pera June l i 1 8 1 2
1 3 Inclosures
Re-c<eive> 22" d Aug<us>t
Public Record Otice, Foreign Office Turkey, dos. 78/77, f. 226-233 ; orig.
în I. engleză.
422
ANEXE
Anexa I
Copy
Textul tratatului de pace ruso-turc de la Bucureşti
încheiat la 1 6 mai 1 812.
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78-77, f. 234 - 24 1 ,

Anexa II
1812 aprilie 1 9 (st. v.), Bucureşti.
A. Italinski comunică lui S. Canning stadiul negocierior de pace,

cu aprobarea ţarului obţinută prin contele Nikolai Petrovici Rumianţev,
cancelarul Imperiului Rus.
Copy
Bucarest, le 1 9 Avril 1 8 1 2 V.S.
Monsieur,
[ „ . ] S . E. Monsieur le Chancelier de l 'Empire comte de

Rumianzoff, en me faisant connaître cette approbation de S<a>
M<ajeste> l 'Empereur m' informe en meme temps du desir de ce
souverain que je vous fasse part de ses justes observations sur Ies
Negociations avec la Porte Ottomane.
S .M. l 'Empereur au milieu d'un grand succes militaire qui devait
atterer la Porte Ottomane, et laisser pour ainsi <lire, toute son armee a sa
discretion, n ' a voulu tirer d' autre parti de cet evenement qu celui d'arriver
a la Paix, en modifiant sur le champ Elle-meme les conditions proposees
precedemment, et certes s'etait ( ! ) les modifications d'une maniere
genereuse, et qui prouvait a la Porte que Sa Majeste etait plus occupee de
la Conservation de l 'Empire Turc que de son propre interet. Comment se
fait-il que depuis l ' on dise sans cesse a Sa Majeste que si Elle voulait
modifier les conditions de la Paix, elle se ferait?
Tandis que Sa Majeste sans reserve ni dissimulation a prononce le
sacrifice qu' Elle etait prete a faire pour arriver a la pacification des Deux
423
Empires, la Porte loin de se montrer sensible aux procede genereux et
delicats de Sa Maj este, pour fonder tous ses calculs sur le voeu seul de
voir l ' Empire de Russie expose a quelques calamites, et dans cette fausse
pensee, <elle> prolonge une sorte de Conversation lente et sans resultat
pour la Paix. II est <loin> de la terminer, et ii est aise de demontrer que
par cette marche, la Porte Ottomane s 'eloigne de son veritable Interet, et
peut en suivant son systeme se trouver exposee a une Chute totale. 11 est
encore plus facile de prouver que ce Systeme pour lequel la Porte retarde
la Paix avec la Russie ne peut pas convenir dans ce moment a la Grande
Bretagne , et blesse ses interets Ies plus directs.
Telles sont, Monsieur Ies observations generales auxquelles la
conduite de la Porte dans ses negociations donne lieu. Vouz en verrez le
developpement dans la depeche ci-incluse de M. le Duc de Serra Capriola
que j e suis charge de vous faire parvenir en meme temps.
Je vous prie d'agreer etc.
(Signe) A. d'Italinski
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78177, f. 245 - 246;
Anexa III
1812, aprilie 2, St. Petersburg.
Ducele Antonio Maresca de Serra Capriola către Stratford

Canning despre eforturile Cabinetului de la St. Petersburg de a pune capăt
războiului cu Turcia.
Enclosure in the preceding letter.

Copy
Monsieur,
[ „ . ] S.E. M. le Chancelier de l 'Empire, par le moyen du quel j ' ai

re9u le paquet de V . E., m ' a accorde deux Conferences, ou votre lettre a
ete la base de nos discussions; le Resultat en a ete : que Sa Maj este
Imperiale et son ministre ont ete sensibles a la demarche que V. E. a faite
envers M. d' Italinsky, que ce Plenipotentiaire, non seulement recevra une
424
approbation a la reponse qu'il vous a donne, mais sera autorise a
continuer la correspondance avec vous pour parvenir a consommer
I' ouvrage salutaire de la paix entre Ies deux Empires.
Quant aux bases de la Negociation, entamee apres les glorieuses
actions des armees Russes, Monsieur le Chancelier m'a declare que son
Auguste souverain avait montre une grande moderation dans Ies
propositions faites au grand vizir par le general Koutousoff (qui different
bien des precedentes) que le Vizir avait accepte par ecrit la Base : que le
Seret serait le noveau confin entre les deux Empires, et que c ' etait sur
cette base qu' avait commence Ies Negociations ; mais qu'elle flit ensuite
retirer ( ! ) par Ies ordres arrives de Constantinople ce qui donna lieu a la
rupture du Cong<res> et a la reprise ds hostilites. V. E., qui . . . au fait de
tout cela, verra que la difficulte est tres juste et que la bonne foi du
general Russe dans Ies promesses du <Vizir> avait arrete Ies operations
en admettant le Congres.
Quant aux deux obj ets dont me parle V. E. dans sa lettre et qui
sont Ies memes qui ont propose Ies Plenipotentiaires Turcs, c 'est-a-dire,
celui des possessions d 'Asie et des privileges qu 'a acquis la Russie, par
les anciens traites, sur les deux Principautes et les Serviens, M. le
Chancellier me fait observer combien ii serait contraire a la <lignite de
l 'Empereur de renoncer a de tels points, puisque Ies possessions acquises
en Asie ne I' ont ete que par une soummission spontanee des Princes, qui,
la plupart de Religion Grecque, ont voulu etre sous la Suzerainete de la
Russie ; mais qu'on chercherait quelques moyens et qu'on donnerait des
ordres aux Plenipotentiaires de combiner un article qui puisse etre de la
<lignite reciproque des deux Empires.
Par rapport aux anciens privileges, ces demiers tenant
principalement a ce que l ' Empereur est le protecteur de la religion de ces
peuples, et qu'il a conquis ces Principautes, îl n'y a rien a y opposer, et V.
E. sentira mieux que tout autre que la Russie etant la Puissance qui cede
Ies conquetes qu'elle a faites, on ne peut pas lui refuser la confirmation
des articles qui lui ont ete accordes dans Ies traites precedents.
Ayant relever la phrase que V. E. m'ecrit sur le doute que forme la
Porte Ottomane sur sa surete a l ' avenir, en accordant ces deux articles,
M. le Chancelier m'a fait voir que l'offre d'une alliance que la Russie fait
au Sultan et qui garantit reciproquement les deux Empires de toute
attaque des Puissances Europeennes, doit honnir toute crainte et faire
naître une amitie si necessaire au soutien reciproque. Voila une
proposition que V. E. fera bien valoir, j e n'en doute pas, puisqu'elle est si
utile aux vues memes de votre Cour.
425
[Despre pacea cu Persia.}
[ . . ] M. le Chancelier m ' a dit a plusieurs reprises que S. M.
.
l' Empereur a ete ferme dans le systeme de soutenir l 'existence de

l ' Empire Ottoman, et qu' aujourd'hui plus que j amais il desire confirmer
cette idee par une paix convenable qui puisse faire renaître l' amitie entre
lui et le sultan, mais que Sa Maj este Imperiale est aussi interesse a finir le
plutât possible cette negociation pour savoir a quoi s ' en tenir.
Dans une de ces conversations M. le Chancelier m ' a confie : que
quant aux negociations que la France continue avec la Russie, on a appris
qu'en demiere analyse on propose pour un arrangement general le partage
de l ' Empire Ottoman entre la Russie, l ' Autriche et la France ; raison de
plus pour voir finir la negociation de Paix, qui eloignerait toute
proposition sur un tel obj et.
J ' ai l' honneur etc.
(signe) le duc de Serra Capriola
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/77, f. 247-248 v.
249; copie în l. franceză.
Anexa IV
1812 mai 511 7, Bucureşti.
A. I. Italinsky către Stratford Canning despre przmzrea

comisarului englez Thomas Gordon şi apropriata semnare a tratatului de
pace cu ruşii (anexă la scrisoarea particulară a lui Stratford Canning
către Sir Gore Ousley Bart devenit ambasadorul Angliei în Persia din 2 7
mai 1812).
Copy
Bucarest, les 5/1 7 mai 1 8 1 2
Monsieur,
Monsieur Gordon parti hier matin pour effectuer son retour a

Constantinople, est porteur de ma lettre en date des 31 1 5 de ce mois. Je ne
peux que me referer a son contenu pour tout ce qui concerne nos
negociations avec la Porte, et aux differentes observations que j ' ai eu
426
l'honneur de vous faire, soit relativement aux interets de la Cour
Imperiale, soit a ceux de la Grande Bretagne, et j e ne doute pas que par
vos moyens vous ne puissiez concourir au but commun. (Despre dorinţa
ţarului de a negocia pacea cu Persia).
(Signed) A. d'ltalinsky
Public Record Offi ce, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos 78177, f. 259; copie în
I. franceză.
Anexa V
1812, mai 7-1 9, Bucureşti
Amiralul Ciciagov, comandantul trupelor în Principate, către

Stratford Canning despre sosirea şi misiunea sa la Bucureşti, apropiata
încheiere a tratatului de pace.
Copie
Bucarest ce 711 9 mai 1 8 1 2
Monsieur,
Sa Maj este l'Empereur mon Auguste Souverain ayant daigne me

confier le commandement en chef des armees et de ses flottes en ces
contrees et me munir en meme temps de toutes les instructions que ses
interets et ces circonstances exigent, je m'empresse de vous faire part que
ces memes instructions me <chargent?> de vous annoncer immediatement
et mon arriv ee en cette ville et la mission particuliere don't je suis charge.
Je satisfait a cette volante de S<a> M<ajeste> I<mperiale> en vous
assfuant que nous touchons hereusement au moment de voir realisees
toutes Ies idees qui peuvent avoir existees jusqu'a present relativement
aux liens a etablir entre Ies deux Cours; que deja Ies negociations pour la
paix entre la Cour Imperiale et celle de Londres ont ete entamees; que
S .M. l 'Empereur reconnaissait que l 'interet des deux Puissances demande
d'attacher au meme systeme la Porte Ottomane, m'a charge d' expedier
sans delai a la Capitale Turque, Monsieur le Conseiller prive d' Italinsky
en qualite de Plenipotentiaire pour concourir de concert avec Vous a cet
ouvrage salutaire, c 'est-a-dire pour conclure une alliance intime, et par la
mettre le sceau au traite de paix qui se negocie ici, et dont Ies bases ont
427
ete arretees et signees le 5/ 1 7 de ce mois entre Ies Plenipotentiaires de
S.M. l 'Empereur et ceux du Sultan. Je me borne et dois me borner a cette
premiere info1mation, ne me trouvant en cette ville que depuis hier, il m ' a
ete impossible d e prendre une conaissance pleine et entiere d e tout ce qui
peut avoir rapport a cette pa<rt> de ma mission. Je ne saurais non plus
dans ces premiers moments de ma venue, entrer avec Vous dans de plus
grands details relatifs au but commun; j 'ai du <en> agir de meme envers
le Grand Vizir. Je lui ai annonce mon arrivee, et l 'intention souveraine
relativement a l 'expedition de M. le Conseiller prive d' ltalinsky et j 'ai
demande l 'assentiment du Generalissime Ottoman pour son passage a la
Capitale Turque.
(Exprimă satisfacţia de a colabora cu S. Canning în zădărnicirea
intrigilor lui Napoleon de atragere a Porţii de partea lui).
(Signed) P. de Tchitchakoff
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78177, f. 275 - 276;
Anexa VI
1812, mai 20, Bucureşti.
P. Cîceagov către Canning despre semnarea păcii de la Bucureşti.
Copy
Bucareste, le 20 mai 1 8 1 2 V.S.
Monsieur,
L' expedition que j ' ai eu l'honneur de vous adresser le 7/1 9 de ce

mois, voye ( ! ) de la Porte, et celle subsequente, voye ( ! ) d' Odessa, ont eu
pour objet de vous informer que j ' ai pris le Commandement en chef des
forces de terre, et de mer de Sa Maj este l' Empereur dans ces contrees, de
vous communiquer aussi plusieurs circonstances relatives a la Mission
qu'il a plU a S. M. l' Empereur de me confier dans l' etat actuel des choses,
et en meme temps de vous faire part de la Destination pour
Constantinople de M. le Conseiller Prive d' Italinsky a l ' effet de travailler
de concert avec vous, a detruire l'influence que Ies intrigues frarn;:aises
voudraient se procurer aupres du ministre Ottoman au detriment de nos
428
deux Cours, a assurer la leur, et enfin a etablir l' intimite la plus complette
( ! ) entre Elles et la Porte.
J 'espere que ces expeditions vous parviendront; je desire meme
que ce soit promptement, pour vous mettre a meme de preparer les voyes
au but commun et pour contribuer a donner a vos demarches le caractere
don't elles ont besoin; a l 'effet d'en assurer le succes. Dans cette vue, je
me suis decide aussi a expedier aujourd'hui un courier a Constantinople,
le Conseiller de College Boulgakoff, avec l' ordre de s ' entendre avec
vous, sur Ies obj ets qui doivent exciter notre sollicitude respective et notre
attention particuliere [ . . . ] . Je commencerai moi-meme par vous faire part,
qu' en raison de l 'activite des intrigues ennemies a Constantinople et de
l'imminent de ses entreprises hostiles, il est d'une maj eure importance
d'accumuler Ies moyens de Ies rendre infructueuses, et Sa Majeste
considere qu' un des plus efficaces sera d'operer des diversion dans tous
Ies points possibles par terre et par mer; et en consequence îl desire pour
premiere mesure employer immediatement l 'Armee qui se trouve dans
ces contrees, en la faisant marcher a travers Ies Etats Ottomans, vers la
Dalmatie et la Croatie franc;aise, pour agir suivant que Ies circonstances
l'exigeront. Cette demande doit former une des bases du Traite d' Alliance
que le Conseiller Prive d 'Italinsky aura ordre de negocier avec le Ministre
Ottoman et ce sera le seul mode de cooperation de la part de la Porte. Les
avantages qu ' Elle en retirera ne saurait lui paraître douteux, c ' est un
verite qu' il vous appartient d'inculquer au Ministre Ottoman, si'l etait
possible qu' il hesitât a la reconnaître, sauf a donner a cette verite et a ces
avantages tout le developpement dont l'une et les autres sont susceptibles.
Les premieres demarches que j ' ai faites ă. cet egard, aupres de<s>
Plenipotentiaires Ottomans des mon arrivee ici, m'ayant presente pour
resultat la necessite d 'etablir d'abord la Paix entre ma Cour et la Porte
Ottomane, et ensuite d'entamer et suivre a Constantinople la negociation
du Traite d' Alliance, j e me suis decide a faire presser la conclusion de la
Paix, qui a ete signee Ies 1 6/28 de ce mois, et a hâter le depart pour
Costantinople de M. Conseiller Prive d'Italinsky. J'espere qu' il aura lieu
dans le courant de cette semaine; mais sa marche ne pouvant pas etre
prompte, et celle des negociations devant probablement etre soumises a
des longueurs inseparables des formes diplomatiques et resultantes aussi
de celle de la Porte, et de la nature de son Gouvemement, j e pense qu'il
faut eviter par tous les moyens possibles une perte de temps, dont les
consequences sont sensibles, en raison surtout de l' activite des intrigues
ennemies. Je pense, qu'il faut que le parti qui nous est oppose soit allarme
par notre propre activite, qu'il ne nous croiye (?) pas dans
429
l' assoupissement, et qu 'il s ' attende au contraire a nous voir en mesure de
repousser partout et ses attaques politiques et ses entreprises militaires; il
faut aussi que nous meme nous sachions un moment plutot ce a quoi nous
pouvons nous attendre de la part de la Porte, ce que nous pouvons esperer
d'Elle, jusqu' a quel point nous devons compter sur Elle, enfin il faut
s' assurer si elle acceptera les modes de cooperation, que nous avons a lui
proposer.
Vous sentirez, Monsieur, comme par l 'urgence qu' i l y a de se
procurer ces premieres notions, et meme d' etablir preventivement des
bases qui deviennent indispensables pour regler le plan des operations, et
pour en preparer et activer l 'Execution.
11 s ' agit donc d'obtenir pour le moment de la Porte, un
consentement tacite pour le passage de notre armee en Dalmatie.
Signed P. de Tchitchagoff
Public Record Ofice, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos 78/77, f. 278 - 280;
ANEXĂ SEP ARATĂ (fără număr)
Constantinopol, 1812 iunie 12
Raportul lui Thomas Gordon înaintat lui S. Canning privind

executc;_ rea misiunii sale confidenţiale la Bucureşti unde a sosit la 9 mai
1812. lntrevederile sale cu A. Jtalinski şi generalul Kutuzov. Punerea sa
la curent cu stadiul tratativelor de pace cu Poarta şi ultimele condiţii
oferite de ruşi; renunţarea la teritorii în Caucaz şi la despăgubiri băneşti,
acceptarea teritoriului Moldovei doar între Prut şi Nistru, lăsând turcilor
în Deltă două braţe ale Dunării, dar refuzul de a dărâma fortificaţiile
cetăţii lsmail şi întărirea prevederilor hatişerifului din 1 802 privitoare la
drepturile Rusiei de intervenţie şi acordarea de protecţie Principatelor
etc.
430
Constantinople, June 1 2, 1 8 1 2
Sir,
In obedience to Your desire, I have herewith the honour of

presenting you with a report of the manner in which I executed, at
Bucharest, the commission with which you were pleased to entrust me.
I arrived at Sistov on the 5 th of May, and having prevailed on the
Govemor to take measures for enabling me to pass the river, I, on the
following evening landed at Zemitza in Walachia, and communicated to
the Commandant, a Colonel of Cossaks, that I was charged with an
important dispatch for the Head Quarters of the Russian Army. After
being delayed there one day, I was forwarded in the most expeditious
manner to Bucharest, and on the fore-noon of the 9 th , a few hours after my
arrival, was conducted to His Excellency Mr. Italinsky, by his Secretary
Mr. Babroff who waited on me for that purpose. As soon as we were
alone together, I imparted to him the information with which I was
entrusted, at the same time delivering to him the two letters, and
convincing him of the authenticity of what had been confined to me, by
unripping my cap and displaying your Signature. His first observation
was, that the information with respect to the measures of the Court of
Vienna was very important, as he believed that at that moment the
Austrian Cabinet held to that of Russia a quite different language. This
information I have good reason to believe he had already received from
another quarter, to which, however, he did not perhaps attach much credit,
although he rewarded the persan who gave it to him.
He remarked at the same time that he believed the Emperor of
Austria to be personally averse to such measures, but that his Minister
was very much a Frenchman.
I told him that the Austrian Troops were already collecting on the
Neister, a circumstance which he said was not unknown to him. I
endeavoured to impress him with an idea that the Turks were making
formidable preparations; but he cut me short by answering that, let them
make what preparations they would, they could never be formidable to
the Russians; and that the only disadvantageous circumstance attending
the War with them was that a body of Troops was kept in the Provinces
who might undoubtedly be of much more use elsewhere. Nothing more
took place at that time which had any relation to the affair in question,
except that he expressed his gratitude to you for the information, and
mentioned his having already sent you a letter which he said he was sure
43 1
the Turks had opened, but that it contained nothing that could render its
discovery prejudicial.
On the same day I was admitted to an audience of the Commander
in Chief, General Kutusoff, which was not of long duration, and in which
he contended himself with telling me that Mr. Italinski had made known
to him the communication which I had brought, and with asking me one
question, viz., whether I thought the Porte was more disposed to connect
itself with France, than to be on terms of friendship with England and
Russia; to which I replied that although I did not pretend to be acquainted
with the sentiments of the Ottoman Govemmet, I conceived that the
Turks, following their true interest, would wish to observe a strict
neutrality; but that I did not think they were disposed to purchase Peace
by any considerable concessions. I only saw the General on one other
occasion, by his own desire, but the conversation was then general, and
had nothing to do with the communication of which I was the bearer. By
means of Mr. Italinski, General Kutusoff more than once expressed his
sorrow at not being able to see me often, and at his table, as the French
Consul, whom Mr. Italinski characterized as a very great Scoundril, was
extremely suspicious, and had remonstrated on my first arrival.
With Mr. Italinski, I had almost every one of the seven days that I
remained at Bucharest, one or two private conversations, the precise
substance of which I shall have the honour of stating to you, without
marking the dates at which they happened. On my first arrival his
language with respect to the Peace was, that Russia was already very
moderate, and could not become more so; that her present demands were
lower by one more than half than those she had first insisted repon; and
that the Court was surprised at having moderation still recommended to it.
The same expressions were made use of in a letter from Count
Romantzoff to Mr. Italinski ( of which at first shewed me a copy, and
afterwards the original) and which also marked the esteem entertained by
the Cour of St. Petersburgh for that of St. James, as well as a hope that
they would soon be again on terms of the closest harmony and friendship.
In the same paper the Count signified to Mr. Italinski, that the Emperor
had been pleased to approve entirely of his conduct in not refusing
himself to the correspondence which the Minister of His Britanic Maj esty,
at Constantinople, had opened with him, and charged him to cultivate and
continue that correspondence, for which, Mr. Italinski assured me, the
Russian Court was very grateful towards You.
During the first days, all that he said of the tems was, that the
Articles most obnoxious to the Porte has been dropped; that the Siret was
432
proposed as the frontier, and that it might be perhaps removed still further
back.
He afterwards said to me, on two or three occasions, that he was
much chagrined at the Negotiation, having been already so much
protracted, but added with apparent pleasure that he was in hopes it would
soon be brought to a favourable conclusion. These communications were
mixed with complaints of the obstinacy of the Turks, on a point which I
shall soon have the honour of stating, in regard to which he observed that
they would in the end pay very dear for their present delay. This
expression I understand to mean that if by their present retardment they
contributed to the success of the success of the projects of France, they
would in the end be victims of them.
On the eve of my departure, he communicated to me, for your
information, the state of the Negociacion as it then stood, which was as
follows:
In Europe the river Pruth was fixed and agreed upon as the
frontier of the two Empires, and the principal branch of the Danube was
left to the Turks. A considerable difficulty existed with respect to the
fortress of Ismail, which by the before-mentioned arrangement falls to
Russia, the Turks insisting upon the demolition of that strong place,
which is an Article particularly offensive to General Kutusoff, the first
Plenipotentiary.
In this question both parties seem to be actuated rather by a
consideration for the honour of their respective Empires, than by a real
importance of the obj ect, for (as Mr. Italinski observed) in case of a new
war breaking out, the Russians,would, in a very short space of time, be
able to put it into such a state of defence as to leave nothing to fear from
its Ottoman neighbours. The Russians have already demolished Kelia,
which was demanded by the Turks, as according to their own account, it
afforded no advantage which compensated the trouble of keeping a
Garrison there; but they seem determined not to consent to dismantle
Ismail.
2nd . The Russians have abandoned all the claims which they
before made upon the Porte, for a contribution in money.
3 rd . They have agreed to cede all the conquests, which they have
during the war made upon the Turks in Asia. When asked Mr. ltalinski
whether in this cession they comprehended the province of lmerettia, he
contented himself with saying that comissaries would probably be
appointed to settle the limits on that side.
433
4111 •
He expressed a strong hope that the Turks would permit a
communication through their territory from the Black Sea to the Russian
army in Georgia and Persia, which is very necessary in order to avoid the
inconvenience of transport across the Caucasus .
5 111 • With respect to the affairs of Servia he said, it would not be
politic in the Turks to drive that people to despair, as they were a warlike
nation, and if reduced to extremity, would certainly throw themselves into
the arms of Austria. He added that it was not the Russian intrigues, but
the horrid oppression exercised by the Turks which drove them to revolt,
and that the Russians had only made that advantage of it which any other
nation would have done in the like circumstances .
6 111• With respect to Moldavia and Wallachia, he said that the
Russians could not, without forfeiting their honour, retract any part of the
conditions which were at the last peace stipulated in favour of those
provmces.
t11• The Russian Govemment is determined not to connect by any
means the affairs of the Turks and Persians, nor to include the latter in
this Treaty.
Mr. Italinski after imparting to me this state of Negotiation,
concluded by pressing me, as he had frequently done before, eamestly to
intreat you to accelerate, by your good offices, the successful issue of the
Congress; and in particular to mollify the Porte on the disputed point of
Ismail, which seemed to be the principal difficulty; and it was plain from
his conversation that he considered you as united in a common cause. He
at the same time gave me positive assurances that the Russians, far from
having the design of destroying the Ottoman Empire, were rather anxious
for its preservation, as being well assured that it was impossible for them
to have more quiet, or less formidable neighbours. He declared that
Ghalib Effendi, the Kyaia Bey, a persan who gave a great satisfaction,
and was sincerely desirous of concluding the treaty, being well convinced
that although the Russians were desirous of appropriating to themselves a
portion of the Turkish Empire, the obj ect of France was to destroy it
entirely, and swallow it up in their plans of ambition and conquest. He
complained, however, of the Grand Vizier as being of a contrary
disposition, and stated that his enmity to Ghalib Effendi seemed to be one
cause of the difficulty they met with in coming to a conclusion. He
appeared anxious to impress upon my mind that the principal reason of
the Russians wishing for Peace was, that they might be enabled to turn the
services of their Army in the Provinces (which, as he said, consisted of a
least Twenty Two thousand good Troop) to a quarter where they would
434
be of greater utility. He added that the Austrians had given intimation
that, were the peace once concluded with Turkey, they might perhaps be
enabled to preserve their Neutrality.
On the affairs of Persia we had also some conversation [ . . . . ]
In endeavoured to get what information I could from him relative
to the present state of relations between France and Russia, on which
point, however, he did not seem desirous of explaining himself fully. He
expressed his surprize that Buonaparte had so long delayed the
commencement of Hostilities, especially after his declaration that he was
resolved to force all nations to observe the Continental System; a thing,
said Mr. Italinski, which Russia neither can nor will consent to, as the war
with England is not only ruinous to its Finances, but also when carried on
at the command of France, degrading to its dignity as an Empire. He
thought that this delay might be owing to the discontent of the people in
France and other countries, and expressed a hope that the Prussian troops
and those of the Confederation of the Rhine, would not act in this war
with the same spirit which they had shwen in the last. He stated that the
Russian army was extremely numerous and well organized, praised the
talents of General Barkelai ( ! ) de Tolly, who commanded the right wing,
and who is Minister at War, and said that Bennigsen, whose abilities were
much fitter for forming plans than ·executing them, was placed exactly in
the situation that became him. His opinion was also that, at this moment,
Negotiations were carrying on between England and Russia, either at
London, or more probably at St. Petersburgh.
This, Sir, is the substance of what I have to states, to which I have
nothing to add, except that I was received by Mr. Italinski with the
greatest civility and kindness, and that all which that Gentleman said
seemed to be dictated by a spirit of sincerity and frankness; and he on all
occasions warmly professed himself the friend of England.
I have the honour to be, Sir,
Your most obe<dien>t Humble Servant
Thomas Gordon
[Adresa:] To Stratford Canning, Esq<ui>re

His Britannic Majesty's Minister Plenipotentiary at
Constantinople.
[Pe verso:] In Mr. Canning's 1 2 June 1 8 1 2

Separarte
435
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78177, f. 284-288v0 ;
289v0 ; orig. în I. engleză.
1 72
Pera, 1812, iunie 12
Ch. S. Canning către R . Castlereagh despre felul în care şi-a

îndeplinit misiunea emisarul său Thomas Gordon, trimis în luna mai la
Bucureşti, spre a avertiza pe delegaţii ruşi asupra intenţiilor ostile ale
Austriei şi Franţei şi de încercarea lor de a-i atrage pe turci într-o
alianţă împotriva Imperiului Rus.
Separate
Pera, June l ih , 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
In my dispatch marked separate, and dated the l 91h ultimo, I had

the honour to acquaint Your Lordship with the manner in which I
Communicated to Mr. d' Italinsky the hostile intentions of Austria, as
announced to the Turkish Govemment by the Austrian Intemuntio. I have
now the satisfaction to add, that Mr. Gordon, the English Gentleman,
whom I cannot sufficiently praise for the readiness with which he
undertook that hazardous comission, retumed here on the 28 1h ultimo and
that the communication has been attended with the happiest effects. I beg
leave to enclose Mr. Gordon' s report of his proceedings at Bucharest, as
well as a copy of the letter he brought me from M. d'Italinsky. This I do,
My Lord, because I am anxious that His Maj esty's Govemment should
have the fullest information respecting a correspondence carried on under
circumstances of so delicate a nature.
I did not myself write to M. d'Italinsky on this occasion; but
Count Ludolf, who loses no opportunity of shewing his zeal for the good
causes had the goodness to write him such intelligence as was calculated
to facilitate the Negotiations according to our desire.
I have the honour,&c.
Stratford Canning
436
[Adresa:] The Right Hon<ora>ble
Lord V iscount Castlereagh
[Pe verso:] Rec<eive>d 22 August
Public Record Office, Foreign Offi c e, Turkey, dos. 78/77, F.282 - 282 v0;
orig. în 1. engleză
1 73
Pera, 1 812, iunie 1 5
Ch. S. Canning către R . Castlereagh despre urmările încheierii

războiului ruso-turc, ca mijloc de activare a Balcanilor împotriva
Franţei. Proiecte făcute de contraamiralul rus Aleksi Samuilovici Greig,
sosit la Constantinopol şi lordul William Bentinck pentru operaţii
combinate în Dalmaţia împotriva francezilor. Apropiata revenire la
Constantinopol a lui R. Liston în calitate de ambasador al Marii Britanii
la Poartă. Acceptul Porţii de a primi pe ltalinski şi de a elibera un număr
de prizonieri ruşi la insistenţele lui Bulgakov.
No. 7
Pera, June 1 5 1h 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
I have the honour to inform Your Lordship that Admirai Greig

arrived here yesterday. He brought me no fresh letters from Bucharest
except a few words from Admirai Tchitchagoff ( ! ) requesting me to listen
to his communications, and to regard them as coming directly from
himself.
Admirai Greig has informed me that he is discretionally ordered,
after communication with this mission, to proceed to Lord William
Bentinck, in order to arrange with His Lordship a plan of combined
operations against the French on the side of Dalmatia. He says that
Admirai Tcitchagoff ( ! ) expressly authorized him to tell me that the
Emperor of Russia has declared his resolution to make Peace with
England at all events; and he considers as nearly certain that His
Majesty's Government is already acquainted with the military plans in
contemplation as well on this side as in other quarters. As Mr. Linston is
437
so near, I have thought it best to refer Admira! Greig to His Excellency
and in mean time he seems to be quite of my opinion with respect to the
necessity of deffering any direct measure in favour o f the Aliance
between Russia and the Porte, until after the exchange of the ratifications.
I cannot leam with clearness from him whether the Russian Government
is prepared to admit England to a participation în the intended Alliance,
but it must be supposed that such is the case. As far as I c an Leam, it
seems to be Admirai Tchitchagoff ( ! ) resolution, if his troops are not
wanted in the north, to march them towards Dalmatia, even without the
consent of the Porte, if that consent cannot be obtained. His forces, I am
assured, amount to forty thousand effective Men.
With respect to the other points, I have the satisfaction to inform
Y our Lordship that the Turkish Ministers have at l ast consented to M.
d'ltalinsky's coming hither immediately and I believe he has already set
out from Bucharest. They have also acceded to some demands which I
made at
M. de Boulgakoff s request in favour of the Russian Prisoners;
and what is of more importance, the ratifications are preparing, and I have
no longer the smallest doubt of their being exchanged, except that sort of
doubt which the well known character of this Government never fails to
excite. I am happy to add also that their suspicious with regard to my
conduct seem at length to have subsided, and to be wholly superseded by
a conviction of the regard entertained for this Empire by His Maj esty's
Govemment, and consequently by its Ministers.
I have the Honour
Canning
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78177, f. 295-296;

1 74
Pera, 1 812, iunie 1 7
Ch. S. Canning către R. Castlereagh despre ratificarea tratatului

de pace de la Bucureşti de către sultanul Mahmud al II-iea. Textul
tratatului trimis la Londra prin intermediul călătorului <Robert> Ker
<Porter>. Sosirea lui R. Liston la Dardanele. Intenţiile contraamiralului
43 8
Greig de a negocia cu el şi lordul Wililiam Bentinck problema iniţierii
unor operaţii militare împotriva francezilor în Dalmaţia.
In Cypher
Pera, June 1 ih , 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
I have the honour to send a few words by the way of Petersburgb,

to inform Your Lordship that yesterday morning I sent an English
Gentleman, Mr. Ker, by Sea with Dispatches for Your Lordship,
containing a Copy of the Definitive Treaty between Russia and the Porte.
I have now to add that the Sultan bas signed the Ratifications, and that
they will be sent to morrow to Bucharest. The Porte, however, still
intends to make, in the interval, another effort about tbe Article
concerning tbe River Phasis, and it is not improbable that She will
succeed even now.
The Porte has acceded to my request for M. Italinsky to continue
bis journey hitber. He has already lefi Bucbarest. I have also received
indirect intelligence tbat Mr. Liston is arrived at the Dardanelles.
Rear Admirai Greig arrived here on the 1 4th instant from Admirai
Chichakoff, ( ! ) in order to concert with Mr. L<iston> and Lord William
Bentinck, a concert of operations against France in Dalmatia, wither it is
intended tbat the Russian army now in Moldavia should be marched, if be
possible to obtain the consent of the Porte, either tacitly or on the basis of
a regular Alliance.
I have the honour to be, &c.
Stratford Canning
[No name of person to wbom this letter is written is given] .

[Pe verso:] Received August 1 3 1 8 1 2 -
Public Record O.ffice, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/77, f. 300, 3 0 1 v0;
1 75
Pera, 1812, iunie 29
Ch. S. Canning către R. Castlereagh despre expedierea rectificării

tratatului de pace de către sultan la 20 iunie la Bucureşti şi sosirea lui A.
439
Jtalinski la Buyukdere. Întrevederea lui S. Canning cu generalul suedez
<Johann Henrik baron von > Tawast introdus de însărcinatul cu afaceri
al Suediei la Poartă, < Gustav Nils> Palin, cu propunerea încheierii unei
quadruple alianţe anglo-turco-suedeze împotriva Franţei.
Înştiinţarea Porţii de către însărcinatul cu afaceri al Franţei.
Latour Maubourg, despre sosirea lui Napoleon la Dresda şi pregătirea
expediţiei sale împotriva Rusiei.
No. 8
Pera, June 29th 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
[ . . . ] The Sultan's ratification of the Treaty with Russia was sent

off to Bucharest on the 201\ and the Exchange has in all probability taken
place before this, the Porte has had recourse to a singular expedient in
order to make a last effort against the second secret Article. Two Setts of
Ratifications, one containing that article, the other without it, are made
out, with the intention of not exchanging the former, until the latter shall
have been positively rej ected by the Russian Plenipotentiaries. Mr.
d' Italinsky arrived at Buyukdere to day.
On the 241h I received a visit which I have since returned in
private, from M. de Tavast, a Swedish general who arrived here on the
preceding day from Aereboo, by way of Petersburgh, Vienna and Odessa.
He was introduced to me by M. de Palin, the Swedish Charge d' Affaires
at this Court. As I immediately reffered him upon every subj ect of
business to Mr. Liston; our Conversation was of a desultory nature; very
few points of it are worth reporting to Your Lordship. He informed me
that the first obj ect of his Mission had been to hasten the conclusion of
Peace between Russia and the Porte, but finding that object already
accomplished, his next was to effect a joint alliance between the faur
Courts of England, Russia, Sweden and Turkey, for which he states
himself to be in possession of Full-Powers. He dwelt at considerable
length upon the sincerity and resolution of the present Government of
Sweden, and added that he was instructed to cooperate in the most
unreserved manner with His Maj esty's Embassy here. He is not invested
with a pub lic character.
The French Charge d' Affaires has continued to the very last his
unavailing efforts against the Peace, though without employing, as I am
informed, any menacing language. A courier arrived to him on the 28 th
Instant from Dresden, and immediately afterwards he had an interview
440
with Reis Effendi, to whom he announced Buonaparte' s arrival in that
City, his intended departure for Poland, and the Proposals of Peace he had
made to His Maj esty's Government, as so many reasons for the Porte to
suspend the conclusion of her Peace with Russia. The Austrian
Intemuntio has also continued to act in the same sense with a degree of
zeal and perseverance, sufficient, as I suppose, to regain in the good
opinion of the French that place which he had lost by his former partiality
to England. The Turkish Ministers have contrived to deceive them both in
a manner really surprizing . . . . .
I have the honour
Stratford Canning
ANEXĂ
Pera, 181 2 iunie 1 7
S. Canning către amiralul Ciceagov despre atitudinea guvernului

britanic faţă de încheierea războiului ruso-turc.
Copy
Pera, le 1 7 Juin 1 8 1 2
Monsieur,
Je saisis avec empressement la premiere occasion sure d'accuser a

V.E. la reception de la lettre qu'Elle m'a fait, l'honneur de m ' adresser Ies
7/1 9 du passe, ainsi que celle de M. de Boulgakoff m ' a remise de votre
part deux j ours apres V.E. aura deja appris de ma correspondance avec M.
le Chevalier d'Italinsky, combien j e suis d'accord avec Elle dans ses
opinions generales pour le bien etre des trois Cours Anglaise, Russe et
Ottomane, et combien j e desire de contribuer a l' accomplissement des
voeux communs. J' espere que la maniere dont j ' ai accueilli M. de
Boulgakoff et le contre Amiral Greig, qui est arrive depuis, demontrera
encore plus fortement a V.E. Ies dispositions qui m'animent, et qui
'
m encouragent a aller au devant des Instructions de mon gouvemement,
pour ne pas perdre un tems precieux. M. de Boulgakoff s ' est charge
441
lui-memc de vous expliquer les difficultes qu 'il a trouvees a Son Armee
ici pour Ies ohj ets immediats de Sa Mission, et de quelle maniere îl est
hereusement parvenu a les vaincre. Il doit aussi vous faire part des
Informations que j 'ai tâche de lui donner selon le desir temoigne par V.E.,
afin de faciliter autant qu ' il depend de moi la Reussite des proj ets dont
I' execution est confiee a Votre Excellence.
Pour ce qui reste encore a applanir dans le traite de paix, j e me
suis assez explique dans Ies lettres que j 'ai demierement adressees a Mr.
d' Italinsky, et M. le Duc de Serra Capriola sous la date du 5 Cour<ant>,
lesquelles doivent etre a l 'heure qu' i l est entre les mains de M.
d' Italinsky, d'ou elles ne manquent pas de parvenir aux votres, si meme
elles n'y sont pas dej a arrivees. Je n'ai rien a y ajouter dans cette
occasion, excepte le langage des Ministres ottomans a l ' egard du Phase
n' est aucunement charge depuis, malgre la signature du Trai te et la
Ratification du Grand Vizir. Ils persistent toujours a assurer qu'ils
n' admettront jamais le second article secret, tel qu'il s ' y trouve
actuellement. Au reste j e felicite V.E. tres sincerement de la conclusion
du Traite dans la persuasion qu'Elle aime et qu' EJ le connaît trop Ies
interets de la bonne cause pour ne pas donner toutes les facilites possibles
a l'applanissement de ce demier obstacle, non seulement, pour assurer la
ratification du Traite, mais en outre pour rendre, par une nouvelle marque
de generosite, la Reunion des deux Empires plus cordiale et plus capable
de recevoir par la suite l 'extension desiree. Certainement i l n' echappera
pas aux lumieres de V.E., que si on laisse passer l ' epoque arretee pour
l 'echange des Ratifications, la porte sera ouverte aux intrigues de nos
ennemis, et qu 'il faudra des lors abandonner toute espoir de voir conclue
la Paix de quelque maniere que ce soit.
Il ne me reste donc pour le moment qu' a vous entretenir,
Monsieur, pour quelques instants sur la question de l ' Alliance que le
Chevalier d'ltalinsky est charge d' entamer ici, et sur le consentement
tacite que Votre Ex.<cellence> veut obtenir de la Porte pour le passage en
Dalmatie des troupes sous Votre Commandement. Comme j e viens de
recevoir dans le moment meme une information indirecte, mais assez sure
que Mr. Liston, l ' Ambassadeur du Roi, mon maître pres de la Sublime
Porte, est arrive aux Dardanelles V.E. sentira bien que j e dois m ' en
rapporter <a> lui pour ce qui regarde l ' essentiel d ' une question aussi
importante et delicate. Je me suis deja explique la dessus avec M. le
Contre-Amiral Greig qui en a senti la necessite; et j ' ai du me bomer a
accelerer l ' aproche de Mr. Liston, ainsi que celle de M . d ' ltalinsky, et a
passer un prompt <avis> de vos Intentions aux Commandants en chef des
442
Forces de Mer et de terre Anglaises dans la Mediteranee. Ce que j ' ai fait
ce matin par un messager expres. En attendant puisqu' il y a si peu de
tems a perdre, j e crois de mon devoir de vous offrir quelques
observations assez generales qui, sans emba<rasser> la question, puissent
vous mettre a meme de peser des a present les difficultes auxquelles il
faut s' attendre, et de preparer les moyens necessaires pour les surmonter.
S 'il faut en croire les assfirances des Mini stres Ottomans, la Porte
ne se pretera p as a une alliance avec qui que ce soit, tant que la France la
laise tranquille. J e pense meme que ces assurances sont serieuses; et telle
est la force de leurs sentiments la dessus, que je croirais risquer la Paix
elle-meme, si je prenais sur moi de presser l' Alliance d'une Maniere
directe, avant que les Ratifications ne soient echangees. Apres que cet
evenement aura eu lieu, il doit survenir plusieurs changements qui
pourront tres probablement amener des dispositions favorables a une
alliance. Du moins il n ' y aura plus de danger a en faire la tentative.
A plus forte raison la Porte n ' accorderait pas le consentement
tacite pour le passage des troupes Russes par son territoire dans Ies
circonstances actuelles, parcequ'une telle mesure l' exposerait au
Courroux de la France, sans lui dmmer les avantages qu' Elle espererait
tirer d'une Aliance formelle.
11 me semble qu' on aura raison d' attribuer ces difficultes a trois
causes primitives, savoir; crainte d 'une guerre avec la France - desir de
s' ecarter de toute Intimite avec les Puissances Chretiennes et mefiance de
la Russie. Si tout ceci est vrai, V .E. verra facilement la necessite de
proposer a la Porte, comme prix de son alliance, des avantages assez
imposants pour contre balancer les deux premieres difficultes. Quant a la
troisieme, j e suis d'opinion que rien ne servira plus a la diminuer que
l' accession de l' Angleterre a l' Alliance proposee, entre la Porte et la
Russie, et p ar consequent V.E. fera bien peut etre de faire savoir un
moment plutot a Mr. Liston les Intentions de votre Cour a cet egard,
meme en detail, pour qu'on puisse amener la chose a une decision
immediatement apres l 'echange des Ratifications. Je suis vraiment făche
de tous ces retards, mais i l vaut mieux peut etre s ' y soumettre, que de
gâter l ' affaire par trop d' empressement
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Je prie V.E. etc.

(Signe) Stratford Canning
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/77, f. 308 - 3 1 0 v;

443
1 76
Costantinopol, 1812, iulie 13
R. Liston către R. Castlereigh despre discuţiile avute cu dregătorii

Porţii şi Mehmed A 'rif Efendi, reis-efendi, privind condiţiile
nesatisfăcătoare în care a fost încheiată pacea cu Rusia; plângeri
împotriva articolului prevăzând drepturile prea largi de autonomie
acordate sârbilor, care, în caz de litigiu, se vor adresa Rusiei; ministrul
englez a promis o intervenţie la ţarul Alexandru I; Imperiul Otoman nu se
va alia cu Franţa dar priveşte Rusia cu aceeaşi rezervă ostilă.
No. 2
Constantinople 1 3 July 1 8 1 2
They <miniştrii turci n.n.> entertained I believe a wish and a

. „
hope previously to receive definitive accounts from Bucharest respecting

the ratification of the Treaty of Peace and consenquently to avoid
discussions with me upon that subj ect. But their expectations have been
desappointed.
The kaimakam and the Kyaya Bey entered into no particular
·
conversation upon politics, but contented themselves with general

protestations of good intentions and friendship.
The Reis Effendi, after strong assurance of personal regard, of a
sincere desire to maintain a cordial armony between Great Britain and this
country, and a determination to avoid all intimate connections with
France, proceeded of his own accord to state to me the reasons that had
prevented the final conclusion of a peace; an expression to which he
inflexibly adhered as I conceived to let me feel that no Treaty could be
said to be concluded, till it had received the formal ratification · of the
respective sovereigns.
He explained the motives of this Govemment on this occasion
with some abi lity and apparent knowledge of the general subj ect, and
with a degree of eamestness, which confirmed the idea already suggested
to me, that he has all along been personally an enemy to the peace.
He recurred to the first origin of the war, which he represented as
having been equally unjust and unwise on the part of Alexander, and
plainly gave me to understand that he considered it as natural and faith
that the Porte should avail herself of the predicament in which His
Imperial Maj esty had lately stood in respect to Buonaparte to attempt the
444
recovery of her lost provinces. He at last put the question to me very
pointedly which of the two Princes, at the present moment, the Emperor
of Russia or the Sovereign of Turkey was in the position th<at>
authorized or required the greatest sacrifice.
I said it would be uncandid not to acknowledge that the danger
which threatened the Russian Empire was so imminent as perhaps to
justify greater concessions on her part; but that the difference was trifling
and momentary; for that in the event of the fall of Russia the next
immediate, instantaneous step in the gigantic career of Buonaparte was an
attempt to overwhelm Turkey: that the respite of a day was not therefore
worth reckoning upon, and he must allow me to say it was equally the
duty of each, on the present occasion, to make large sacrifices, where as it
unfortunately appeared that they evere each hazarding the possibility of a
rupture for the sa<ke> of trifles.
The Reis Effendi then, in a determined but staid and moderate
tone, repeated his motives for opposing the two articles that have been the
principal if not the only cause of the demur.
The 7th Article of the Treaty, he said, gave to the Servians
exemptions and rights, amounting nearly to independence. They were
entitled to negotiate with their masters and in case of a difference, they
would complain, to whom? to Russia: to Russia, their protectress, united
to them by the ties of a similar religion, who would thus usurp a right of
interfering in the internai affairs of the Ottoman Empire. The whole of the
Turkish dominions in Europe, <he> added, were occupied by inhabitants
of whom a great maj ority were christians; other districts, seduced by the
example of Servia, would aim at the acquisition of equal privileges; so
that, the country would ultimately be formed into independent Republics,
ready at the instigation of the Court of Petersburgh, to unite for the
purpose of shaking off their allegiance to their Turkish Sovereign!
... I expressed my hopes that the Emperor might be induced to
modify or give up this offensive article adding that, if the occasion
offered, I should be ready to urge His Imperial Maj esty's ministers to do
so. But I ended by saying: that if Russia were unreasonable enough to
stand out, I trusted the Porte would allow me to wam her against
hazarding for the sake of what was after all an inferior obj ect, a rupture
that might prove fatal to both.
. . . I could not draw from the Turkish minister any satisfactory
assurances to this effect; but from a review of all that passed, a general
impression was lift upon my mind that then is no intention here to
recommence hostilities; but that if th Emperor of Russia, to whom the
445
point has been reffered, refuses to yield some modification will be
adopted, that may prevent serious consequences.
Rob<ert> Liston
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78179 f. 1 1 4 - 1 1 6,

1 1 7 v; orig. în 1 . engleză, publicat parţial de Ceda Mij atovic, op. cit., p. 98
- 99 doc. 1 1 7.
,
1 77
Constantinopol, 181 2, iulie 18
R. Liston către R. Castlereagh despre începutul expediţiei lui

Bonaparte În Rusia la 24 iunie trecut. Tratatul de pace ruso-turc de la
Bucureşti, rectificat la 13 iulie, În afara a 2 articole litigioase. Pericolul
ce-l riscă Imperiul Otoman de a fi atacat de o coaliţie franco-austriacă
impune apropierea sa de Rusia şi de Anglia.
No. 3
Constantinople 1 8th July 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
( . . . ) We received two days ago the news of he actual

commencement of hostilities between the troops of Buonaparte and those
of the Emperor Alexander on the 24 June in the neighbourhood of Memel.
The definitive Treaty of Peace between Turkey and Russia was finally
ratified on the 1 3 th of this month at Bucharest; the two abnoxious articles
having been lefi out and reserved for future discussion. The Porte is likely
soon to be threatened with both a French and Austrian war; and she must
in that event naturally be drawn into an intimate union with Russia and
England, and a final participation in the common cause of Europe ( . . . ).
Robert Liston
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 7 8179, f. 1 25 - 1 26 v,

1 27 v; orig; fragment publicat cu erori şi de C. Mij atovic, op. cit., p. 99,
nr. 1 1 8 .
446
1 78
Constantinopol, 1812, iulie 2 7
R. Liston către R. Castlereagh despre insistenţele amiralului

<Pavel> Ciceagov, comandantul suprem al trupelor ruse în Principate,
pentru încheierea unei alianţe cu Imperiul Otoman. Ministrul englez
consideră complet inoportună scoaterea acestuia din neutralitate şi în
acest scop va expedia la Bucureşti spre a discuta cu amiralul rus pe Sir
Robert Wilson, bun cunoscător al treburilor de la Poartă. Sir Robert se
va deplasa apoi la marele cartier general al ţarului de unde îi va expedia
rapoarte, pe care îl roagă să le trimită în copii şi Secretarului de Stat
pentru afaceri externe britanic.
No. 6
Constantinople, 2ih July 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
The Russian Commander in Chief in Wallachie, mentioned in my

letter No. 3 , continues to press with so much eagemess the adoption of
measures which would tend to endanger the neutrality of the Ottoman
Govemment, and might ultimately prove of the highest detriment to our
interests bere, that I have thought it expedient to direct Sir Robert Wilson,
who is well acquainted with the present state of affairs at the Porte, to
repair to Bucharest, and to give to M. de Tchitchagoff such explanations
on the subj ect as may have a tendency to induce him to suspend the
execution of bis plans.
Sir Robert may also find it conclusive to the general benefit of the
cause to go on to the Emperor of Russia's Head Quarters, from whence I
have, in consequence of the great change that bas taken place on the
Continent since my Departure from London, desired him to transmit a
copy of the Reports he may make to me, of what ever nature, to His
Maj esty's Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.
I have etc.
Rob.<ert>Liston

447
1 79
Constantinopol, 1812, august, fără zi
R. Liston către R. Castlereagh depre obiectivele ce i s-au

Încredin tat În misiunea de la Poartă; incheierea războiu lui ruso-turc şi
împiedi�area unei alianţe contra Franţei, dorită în special de ruşi,
cons iderată improprie. Insistenţele depuse pentru încheierea unei
quadruple alianţe intre Rusia, Marea Britanie, Suedia şi Imperiul
Otoman privită cu suspiciune de turci şi socotită nefolositoare de englezi.
Insistenţele lui A. Jtalinski şi ale amiralului Ciceagov socotite deplasate.
Jnstructiunile date lui Sir Robert Wilson, aflat la cartierul general rus din
Bucureşti, de a convinge cabinetul de la St. Petersburg să renunţe la
proiectata alianţă cu turcii şi la diversiuni militare pe un front secundar
şi să procedeze la o cât mai grabnică încheiere a evacuării trupelor ruse
din Principate.
No. 7
Constantinople, August 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
It may be expected that I should state to Your Lordship, more

particularly than I have hitherto done, the motives that have determined
the line of politica! conduct which I have adopted since I resumed my
station as His Maj esty's Ambasador at this Court.
The instructions, which Your Lordship delivered to me by
command of the Prince Regent, had two great obj ects in view the -
speedly termination of the war between Russia and Turkey; and the
frustration of any plans that might be laid for the formation of an intimate
connection between this country and France.
I found on my arrival that the important task o f promoting the
restoration of peace had been ably executed by my predecessor. The
Definitive Treaty was signed and waited only the ratifications of the
respective Monarchs, which, after some difficulty and delay, were finally
exchanged.
The prospect of any amicable relations with a view to cooperation
between the Otoman Porte and Buonaparte, had become less alarming, or
at least more distant; the new French Ambasador had not yet arrived.
But a very interesting question now arase: whether we should
content ourselves with what might be called the negative advantage
448
resulting from the cessation of hostilities on the Danube, or if we ought
not to urge Turkey to the conclusion of a defensive and offensive alliance
and press her into the service of the general cause.
Had I been placed within a reasonable distance of home, I should
of course have hastened to solicit directions from Your Lordship upon
this important points. But deprived of that resource, and constrained at the
same time to come to a resolution without delay, I could only act
according to the best dictates of my own judgement. And upon a cool and
candid view o f the case, I felt no hesitation in determining that we ought
for the present to abstain from urging the Porte into an active participation
in the war.
The nation is weary of warfare. They wish for time to recroit their
strength, to improve their resources. And there is danger that an attempt
to compel them to premature exertions might allienate their friendly
dispositions, and induce them to listen to the insidious suggestions of the
enemy.
Besides, as it is the interest of those Powers who have preserved
their independence, to see the Ottoman Empire prosperous and stable,
they must shrink from the thought of exposing her to dangers for which
she is unprepared.
Any co-operation on the part of the Porte must at the same time be
viewed as an regression upon France and Austria, and would fumish
those Powers with perhaps a wellcome pretext for an attack upon the
Turkish Dominions, the dismemberment of which is supposed to be an
ultimate object with both.
And surely that cannot be deemed a negative advantage, which
enables Russia to detach a body of troops, high in discipline, excellent in
patriotic spirit, perfect in equipment, of above fifty thousand effectual
men ready to attack the flank, or fall upon the rear of Buonaparte' s
advancing armies - not t o mention that the Emperor will consequently
have it in bis power to save the expense, to spare the blood, and escape
the mortality of a Wallachian campaign.
Our proper system therefore with respect to the Ottoman
Government, appears to be on the one hand not to commit them
imprudently or prematurely; on the other hand, to engage them not to
disband or withdraw their troops, but on the contrary to augment and
ameliorate their means of defence; to convince them that if Buonaparte
lives and prospers, they must and will be attacked; and that consequently
for their own sakes, still more than for ours, they ought to maintain a
respectable, that is to say, an armed neutrality.
449
But such were far from being the sentiments of the Court of St.
Petersburgh, and sti ll less those of Admirai Tchitchagoff, who on getting
unexpectedly possession of a new and important command, appears to
have determined to make an immediate use of his power, without
sufficiently contemplating the probable consequences.
He sent forward the Chev<alie>r d'ltalinsky from Bucharest to
Constantinople to negotiate a Quadruple Alliance between Turkey,
England, Sweden and Russia; he wrote to Mr. Canning to facilitate the
speedy conclusion of the Treaty (his expressions shewing that he
conceived this to be a matter of no sort of difficulty). He resolved upon an
expedition through the Turkish territories into Dalmatia, without fully
considering the means or the end; he even began the execution of this
plan by marching Russian Troops from Wallachia into Servia, without
obtaining or indeed asking the consent of the Porte.
The alarm occasioned by these movements at Constantinople was
equal to the danger. Prudent men looked forward to an invasion of the
Turkish provinces by Austria, supported by France: The enemies of
Russia and of the peace raised doubts with regard to the sincerity of the
Emperor' s wish to be reconciled to the Porte and for a moment they
talked of the recommencement of the hostilities.
I thought it my duty to state these matters to Mr. d' Italinsky. I
represented the apparent risk of persevering in the obnoxious measure: I
expressed my regret that the Emperor of Russia did not rather endeavour
to quiet the public mind, and to gain the confidence of this Government
by renouncing the system of exterior aggrandisement, and by giving up
all demands that even wore the appearance of a spirit of encroachment on
his neighbours. I venture to add that a well understood and liberal policy
would prompt His Imperial Maj esty to go still further; it would lead to the
restoration of all that He has lately acquired, and to removal of every
stumbling-block that might lie in the way of a thorough good
understanding with the Sultan. Such a course, I argued, would abate the
enmity that is felt by the great mass of the people here against Russia, and
remove the distrust which is common to all . The effects would he great
and lasting, and they would also immediately operate at a moment when
the fate of the Russian Empire may possibly depend upon a resolution of
the Divan.
Mr. d'Italinsky acknowledges the force o f these considerations.
He added that indeed the sentiments had long been his own, and without
reference to the present peculiar crisis; that it was only to be regretted that
they were not sufficiently impressed upon the mind of his Sovereign.
450
I asked him whether he did not take the liberty of representing to
his Court what appeared to him to be the most advisable system of policy
with regard to the Porte. He answered that he did, but that what came
from him was not attended with the same effect that would be produced
by the suggestions of a stranger; adding that it might be important if I
would state my opinion on this occasion in writing, and have it brought to
the knowledge o f the Emperor. On my saying that I had not the honour of
being acquainted with His Imperial Majesty's Ministers, and had no
pretext for taking the liberty of intruding upon them with advice masked,
the Chevalier replied that he knew I have some old friends at the Court of
Petersburgh, that I had only to write a familiar letter to any one of them,
into which I might, without affectation, introduce my observations on the
state of affairs at the place of my residence, and that he knew for certain
that the statement would be laid before the Emperor.
I thought it right to follow this advice, and accordingly forwarded
(under Mr. d' ltalinsky's cover) a letter to Mr. Kotschu - bey, formerly my
diplomatic Colleague at the Porte* , in which I took occasion to discuss the
subject at considerable length, and with the freedom of a private
correspondent.
But as it was not certainly known, or indeed whether that letter
would reach its destination, it became essential to endeavour to persuade
Mr. de Tchitchagoff to suspend at least his hazardous enterprise; and for
this purpose I entrusted Sir Robert Wilson with the commission, which I
had the honour of mentioning in a former despatch, and which he
executed with perfect success. He easily convinced Mr. de Tchitchagoff,
by reasoning on military grounds, that it was inexpedient to attempt the
diversion in question for the moment. But the Admirai said he was bound
to hazard it by the express commands of the Emperor. After a very short
delay, however, he received counter-orders, the expedition was laid aside,
and the Russian army has begun to evacuate Wallachia and Moldavia.
Sir Robert Wilson has had my directions to proceed from
Bucharest to the Emperor' s head quarters, to endeavour to shew the
propriety (if this was still necessary) of abandoning the proj ected attack
on Dalmatia, and in conversation to press, as far as discretion would
allow, the adoption of a liberal and conciliatory sy_stem with regard to this
country.
• Victor Pavlovici Kociubei, trimis extraordinar şi ministru plenipotenţiar al Rusiei la
Poartă (4 IIII 794-21V l 798)
45 1
Besides thc general good effect to be expected from these
(unofficial) representations,it was suggested to me by persons �� li
acquainted with the character of the Emperor, that at the pres ent cns1s,
and till the arrival of an accredited agent from England, it _
_ m1ght be of
essential importance to place some persan of confidence on a situation to
be able to administer an antidote to the poisonous counsel His Imperial
Maj esty was likely to receive from other quarters; and as Sir Robert
Wilson has the honour of being personally known to His Maj esty and
favourably regarded by Him, it is to be hoped that his momentary mission
may not be unsuccessful.
Another advantage may be drawn from Sir Robert's presence at
the Russian Army, The French Embassy here is in the habit of
endeavouring to blind and seduce the people o f Constantinople by
fabricated accounts of splendid victories obtained by Buonaparte. The
Russian mission exert themselves to contradict and refute these
falsehoods, and sometimes are led to exaggerate their own advantages;
while the Turkish Ministers, at a loss what to believe, in general and by
discrediting both. So that a letter from Sir Robert becomes a useful
document, serving to decide the question in our favour.
In another point of view the mission of S ir Robert Wilson has had
a favourable effect. I had explained in general terms to the Reis Effendi
the friendly nature of the business with which he was charged; and the
consequent abandonment of the plan for an incursion into Dalmatia
appears to have established me, in the opinion of the Turkish Ministers, as
a sincere and even powerful friend of the Sublime Pore.
I must not, after expressing so decided an opinion as I have done on the
line of politicks to be pursued bere, omit to inform Your Lordship that I
have not, however, in any conferences or communications I have had with
Turkish Ministers, pronounced a word that could lead them to consider
me as enemy of the Quadruple Alliance in question; on the contrary I
have reason to think that they are not unprepared to expect an application
from me on that subj ect, though not at this moment, yet at no distant
period.
But no circumstance had occurred that can give the slightest hopes
of success were an attempt made to carry the proj ect into execution. A
Swedish General Orficer of the name of Tavast, charged with a
confidential Mission to that effect from Bernadotte, bas had two or three
conversations on the subj ect with the Minister for Foreign Affairs, but he
bas met with a cool and decided refusal. The Reis E ffendi was much
pleased with Baron Tavast' s appearance and manner, and listened and
452
talked to him pleasantly on general politica! topicks; but when he came to
press the business of his mission, and to state the particulars of the
confidential communications he was authorized to make respecting the
plans of Buonaparte, the victories he expected to obtain over Russia, the
subsequent attack he and the Emperor Alexandre were j ointly to make on
the Turcks, and Buonaparte' s proj ected coronation at Constantinople, the
Reis Effendi smiled with apparent incredulity, asked Mr. de Tavast if his
Prince Royal was not a Frenchman, how it was possible he could be an
enemy of his countryman Buonaparte, and betray his secrets? And what
interest the kingdom of Sweden could have in the contest that could lead
her to hazard her ruin by engaging in such a coalition? General Tavast is
of course much mortified. He seems to have renounced the idea of
making further efforts, and has gone to make a tour to the remarkable
places in the neighbourhood of Constantinople, till he can receive orders
from home respecting his future conduct.
However deliberate my choice has been, and however strongly
preponderant the motives have appeared to me, which have in this
instance fixed my determination, I must look forward with considerable
anxiety to the moment that shall inform me, by the reception of a letter
from Your Lordship, how far I have had the happiness to meet with the
approbation of His Royal Highness and His Ministers.
Rob<ert> Liston
[Pe verso:] Constantinople

Aug<;ust> 1 8 1 2
No. 7
Rec<eive>d 1 2 Nov<ember>
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/79, f. 1 34 1 4 1 v0;

-
orig. publicat parţial de Ceda Mij atovic, op. cit., p. 99 1 00, doc. 1 1 9.
-
1 80
. Constantinopol, 181 2, septembrie 14
R. Liston către R. Castlereagh despre propunerile de alianţă

împotriva Rusiei înaintate de Napoleon turcilor prin ambasadorul său la
453
Poartă, contele Andreossy, cu prom1szunea restituirii Basarabiei şi a
altor teritorii pierdute de Poartă; rezen1ele Porţii faţă de promisiunile
interesate ale francezilor.
No. 1 0
Constantinople, 1 4th Sept<ember> 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
[ . . . ] His proposition was, that Turkey should make an alliance

with Buonapaiie and join him in reducing the power of Russia. After
discouting on the ancient and unalterable Friendship of France for the
Ottoman Empire, and on the deep interest the Porte had in the humiliation
of her natural Enemy, he announced his readiness to engage in the name
of Napoleon, not only to assist this Country on the immediate recovery of
the portion of Moldavia and Bessarabia now retaken by the Emperor, but
to ensure the recovery of every district taken from the Porte for these
thirty years part. These flattering offers were without hesitation declined
by the Turkish Minister and the Reis Efendi in excusing his Colleagues to
Mr. Andreossi, for not listening to the promise of his Minister, said, that
they had not forgotten, that at a very recent period Buonaparte had agreed
that the emperor of Russia should extend his frontiers to the Danube.
The Ambassador affected to treat this as an idle rumor, and asked
the Reis Effendi if he had official documents to prove the existence of
such agreement? (It seems in commuicating) The Porte an of account of
the late negotiation between France and Russia, it had been deemed
prudent withhold the dispatch from the French Minister for Foreign
Affairs to M. Romanzow, in which the concession on the part of
Buonaparte is mention. The Reis Effendi though unable to produce
immediate evidence, did not retract his assertion; and I happened very
soon afterwards without knowing what had passed, to send him an Extract
from a foreign gazette, containing the passage in which the ageement is
alluded to by Monsieur Champagny; which he received with great
satisfaction; and I have reason to think, employed it at a propert ime.
There does not upon the whole appear to be any reason to apprehend an
increase if the influence of France at the present moment.
Indeed I cannot avoid remarking what may be called the down of
a favourable change of sentiment on the part of the Turkish Ministry
respecting Russia.
454
It is singular that from the time the Sweden General Baron Tavast
the Chevalier ltalinsky and myself, have suspended our representations to
them on the subj ect of the ambitious projects <of> Buonaparte, they
appear to have begun to direct their attention to their danger, and some
higher characters, both members of the Ministry and others, openly
express their wished for the success of the Russian arms. Indeed the Reis
Effendi has gone so far as to ask me, whether I could not propose to the
Court of Petersburgh to restare at least a part of the Fortress of which they
have kept possession; insinuating that it would be more advantageous to
Russia that these places should be in the hands of the Turks than that they
should be in danger being taken and kept by Buonaparte.
I answered that I would very readily consent to make the overture,
provided the Turkish Ministry would state what oth<er> advantages they
would offer Russia besides the mere taking possession of the p<laces> in
question; would they send Fifty or a hundred thousand men to defend
them, would they enter into eventual engagements dependent on the
vicissitudes of war?
The Minister did not seem startled at the first question, and
undertook to consult his cooleagues - but I have not heard further from
him - a circumstance which may be owing to his anxiety of roind (his
wife and part of his family having been attacked by the plague and in
imminents danger) or to certain important changes which have taken
place amongst the members of administration.
Rob<ert> Liston
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, doc. 78/79, f. 1 5 1 - 1 55 v;

181
Constantinopol, 1 812, septembrie 1 7
R. Liston către R. Castlereagh despre înlocuirea marelui

dragoman al Porţii, Dimitrie Moruzi prin Ioan Caragea care a fost numit
de curând domn al Ţării Româneşti. Succesor al său ca mare dragoman a
devenit Iacob Arghiropol, fost însărcinat cu afaceri la Curtea din Berlin.
Înlocuirea lui Moruzi s-a datorat insistenţelor Franţei care a acuzat
455
familia fostului dragoman de simpatie faţă de Rusia. Schimbarea marelui
\ •izir Ahmed paşa şi a caimacamului său, <Şahir Ahmed paşa>,
susţinâtori ai plicii cu Rusia, datorată aceloraşi sentimente de
insatisfacţie pentru pacea injustă încheiată cu Rusia.
No. 1 1
Constantinople, l 7 th Sept. 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
[ . . . ] Some changes and appointments of lesser importance have

also been made.
Prince Morusi, who was Dragoman of the Porte when I arrived at
Constantinople, as removed from Office after the arrival of the French
Ambassador, and was succeeded by John Caragia who had fi lled the same
situation formerly (during the interruption of the fri endly intercourse
between Great Britain and Turkey) and who was since been named Prince
of Wallachia. He has been followed, as Dragoman of the Porte by Jacob
Arghiropulo, formerly Charge d' Affaires at the Court of Berlin, and
brother to a persan of the same name who resided some time in the
capacity of Charge d 'Affaires in London.
In the first instance the dimissal of the Dragoman of the Porte was
attributed to the influence of the French Ambassador; and as the Family
of Morusi are supposed to be particularly devoted to Russia, it was nat
unnatural that Andreossi should at the present moment endeavour to
avoid carrying on his negotiations through the medium of a persan o f that
name; while on the other hand the Ottoman Govemment who I believe
are determined not to quarrel with the Ambassador about trifles, would
find no difficulty in giving up a man, who in fact was nat attached to his
place, and whose abi lities had given him an influence in publick affairs
that creat ed j ealousy in certain members of the administration.
The Grand Vizir and his Lieutenant and friend Caimakam agreed
in strongly supporting the measure of .a peace with Russia, and as that
peace is considered by a majority of the people as being less favourable
than it might ultimately to have been, and at all events as humiliating to
the Ottoman pride, many persons are of opinion that the disgrace of the
456
ministers in question may be looked upon as a sacrifice made by the
Grand Signor to the feelings and the prejudices of the public .
. ..... . .. .. .
. . . . . . . ..... .. ... ... . . . .... ... ... ... . .. . ... .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rob. Liston
Public Record Ofice, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/79, f. 1 56 v - 1 57 v;

1 82
Constantinopol, 1 812, octombrie 1 5
R . Liston către R . Castlereagh despre dificultăţile Porţii în

problema sârbă datorită stipulaţiilor articolului 8 din tratatul de pace
ruso-turc încheiat la 1 6-28 mai. Temerile că Serbia va ridica aceleaşi
pretenţii de autonomie ca şi Principatele Moldova şi Ţara Românească.
Trimiterea unei a doua deputăţii sârbeşti la Sofia pentru negocieri cu
Poarta şi ajungerea la o înţelegere privind regimul provinciei în cadrul
sistemului statal otoman.
My Lord,
The Ottoman Govemment is likely to find considerable

difficulties in settling the relations that are to exist in future between the
Sublime Porte and the Province of Servia, în consequence of privileges
stipulated for the inhabitants of that Country by the Eight Article of the
late Treaty concluded at Bucharest.
The Servians have sent two deputies, men of consideration and
ability, to endeavour to form an amiable arrangement on the subj ect with
the Turkish ministers. But the ideas and expectations of the parties are so
widely distant, that there is not, for the present at least, any prospect of
compromise.
The deputies propose - and they think themselves horn out by
terms of the Treaty, that their nation shall pay a certain annual tribute to
the Sovereign of Turkey, to be now mutually agreed upon, that this tribute
shall be permanently fixed, and shall not be augmented upon any pretext
whatever, that the amount shall be delivered into the Ottoman Treasury
457
by Servian Comrnissioners, but that no Turkish Officer shall enter the
Servian territories for the purpose of levying or receiving any imposition.
The Turkish ganisons, be corning in consequence unnecessary, the
Servians propose they should be withdrawn. They claim a right to
regulate their own form of Govemment, and make choice of their Chief
Magistrate, who - they intend - shall be nearly on the same footing with
the Princes of Wallachia or Moldavia, except that this subj ection to the
Porte shall go no further than a simple recognition o f the p aramount
Sovereignity of the Sultan.
The Turkish Govemment on the other hand wish to secure the
payrnent of the annual contribution by employing their own officers to
receive it. They choose to keep up the fortresses and maintain their
ganisons in the country, and to name the Govemor.
The Grand Signor's rninisters have treated the deputies with great
attention and apparent kindness, and they have been maintained at the
public expense. But not one article has been settled.
The negotiation is now to be removed to a spot from whence they
may have frequent and easy communications with their constituens. They
set out in a few days, accompanied by two bishops, chosen by the Great
Patriarche, and by a respectable Turkish Commissioner, for the town of
Sofia, where they are to meet Chelebi Mehmed Effendi, an ancient
minister of high character and reputation, who is charged to act as an
arbitrator, to discuss the matters in dispute with patience and deliberation,
to conespondond on the subj ect with the new Grand Vizirat at Shumla,
and if possible to bring about a frendly accomodation.
Those, however, who pretend to be well acquainted with the
temper and intentions of the Ottoman Government, give it as their
opinion, that they will make no important concessions, that all these mild
measures are calculated to gain time, and that the business will not be
terminated without bloodshed.
I have the honour to be, with greatest respect, My Lord,
You Lordship' s most obedient, humble servant
Rob<ert> Liston
Publicat de C. Mij atovic, op. cit„ p. 1 00 - 1 0 1 , nr. 1 20, fără indicatie

' de
cotă, din Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/79.
458
1 83
Constaninopol, 1 812, octombrie 18
R. Liston către R. Castlereagh despre puternica stare de

nemulţumire existentă în Imperiul Otoman din pricina cedării Basarabiei
către Rusia cu atâta uşurinţă şi fără a fi necesar,· dorinţa de a recâştiga
provincia pierdută, încurajată de austro-francezi care în proiectul de
alianţă propus turcilor, stipulau respectarea integrităţii teritoriale a
Imperiului Otoman.
No. 1 4
Constantinople, 1 8 th October 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
The body of the people appear to have become more sensible of

the loss they have sustained by the cession of Bessarabia, and especially
of the territory on the left bank of the Danube. For although by a separate
and secret Article annexed to the late Treaty the fortress of Kilia and
Ismail were to he destroyed, and no other fortifications raised in these
Districts in future, yet as this stipulation was coupled with the other secret
Article grant<ed> to the russians a free passage along the valley of the
Phasis, which the Grand Signor declined to ratify, both clauses fell to the
ground together; and the only engagements existing between the two
Countries are contained in the Patent Treaty, which gives the russians all
that lies to the Eastward of the Pruth, and with that acquisition the control
of the principal navigation of the Danube; a circumstance which to a
people who so much depend for subsistance on the rich provinces of
Moldavia, Wallachia and Bulgaria and to a Government that undertakes
to feed the inhabitants of the Capital at a certain <cheap> rate, is very
serious consideration. There is besides a general feeling of re<gret> and
humiliation at having lost so large a position of the Turkish possessions,
and at having lost it without necessity; for an universal opinion begins to
prevail (and perhaps not without foundation) that had their negotiators at
Bucharest stood out a little longer, the criticai state in which the Emperor
Alexander found himself with regard to Buonaparte would have induced
to consent to the restitution of all that he had taken during the war.
This sentiment of mortification has been greatly aggravated by the
information (now generally spread among the higher ranks of people in
the Capital) that in the convention lately made for a united attack upon
459
Russia, France and Austria voluntarily and without the request or the
knowledge of the Porte, inserted an Article stipulating the Integrity of the
Ottoman dominions in Europe. The Intemuntio points now to the Turkish
ministers, that every thing would have been better for them, if they had
listened to his advice, and believed that Austria was their true friend.
The idea gains ground that the recent change in the Ministry has
been made with consideration to the public feeling of dissatisfaction with
the Treaty of Peace. The late great fire is thought by many to have been
connected with the same sentiment of dissatisfaction.
The Intemuntio supports now Mr. Andreossy in his endeavours to
persuade the P011e, that their affairs are easily and certainly to be
retrieved by devotion to the cause of Austria and France, and by oppsition
to the Allies. But I doubt that this advice will be fo llowed by the Porte .
.......... ........ .. .
. . . . . ....... ... .
. . . . . . . .
Rob.<ert> Liston
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/79, f. 1 90 1 92 v,

-
orig. în 1. engleză; publicat parţial de Ceda Mijatovic, op. cit., p. 1 0 1 , doc.

121
1 84
Constantinopol, 1812, noiembrie 1 2
R. Liston către R . Castlereagh despre indignarea unor dregători

ai Porţii datorită faptului că Basarabia a fost cedată, fară a fi nevoie,
Rusiei; despre pretenţiile exagerate ale acesteia din urmă care dorea o
neîntârziată aderare a Imperiului Otoman la alianţa antifranceză,
insistent reclamată de contele Rumianţev şi A. Italinski. Misiunea lui Sir
R. Wilson la cartierul general al ţarului pentru a tempera zelul inoportun
al miniştrilor ţarişti. Speranţele turcilor ca prin intermediul diplomaţiei
engleze să obţină restituirea Basarabiei de la ruşi; temerile englezilor ca
resentimentele turcilor să nu-i atragă într-o alianţă cu Franţa lui
Napoleon.
460
No. 1 6
Constantinople, l ih Nov. 1 8 1 2
In cypher
My Lord,
[ . ] In fact, I persuade myself, that I beginning to see, and, in my

. .
own case, I certainly feel, the faint commencement of a favourable

charge.
I have taken the liberty, in a former letter, of stating to your
Lordship my fixed opinion, that the only means to produce a cordial good
understanding between this Country and Russia indeed the only means to
ensure the permanent tranquillity of the Russian Empire, was to
renunciation on the part of the Emperor of all exterior acquisition or
encroachment, and the restitution of the whole, or at least, the greatest
part of his late conquests from the Ottoman Dominions. I had the honour
to mention that when I sent Sir Robert Wilson to endeavour to dissuade
admirai Tchichagoff from undertaking an expedition which would have
involved Turkey in an immediate war with France and Austria. I informed
the Reis Effendi o f that first object of his Mission and also of my further
intention that he should, at the Emperor's Head Quarters, or at
Petersburgh in the coversations he might have the honour to hold with His
Imperial Maj esty, endeavour to lay a foundation for a system of
conciliation and good Harmony between the two Countries on the Ground
allude to. I also shortly noticed the favourable Impression made by that
overture upon the mind of the Reis Effendi and his having afterwards
revived the subject by asking me whether it would not be good Policy on
the part of the Emperor of Russia to put the whole Province of Moldavia
at once into the Hands of the Turks who might protect it against the attack
with which it threatened on the part of France; to which I answered that I
was personally of opinion, that it would be a wise measure provided the
Turks would undertake effectually to defend the territory but I desired to
know whether the Government were ready to march fifty or in case of
necessity a hundred thousand nien across the Danube for that purpose I
adduced the Minister's promise to consult his Colleagues and to give me
an answer, which however he omitted doing, and that I was at the moment
indeed inclined to attribute this neglect to domestic distress, as he lost
about that time his wife, his daughter and successively the Greatest part of
His family by the plague.
46 1
I have now reason to think, however, that his silence was owing to
a different cause - to his having been out voted on the subj ect in the
Divan, in consequence of the positive resolution adopted by the sultan to
observe the most strict neutrality between the belligerent powers.
Buonaparte was at that time supposed to be in the midst of a career of
victory which would soon lead him to the possession of the Russian
Empire; he might have chosen to interpret the appearance of a large
Turkish force in Moldavia as a proof of the existence of a treaty offensive
and defensive between Turkey and the Allies, and as te commencement of
it execution; he might naturally, if his condition had been prosperous,
have seized that pretext for attacking, them, and might have sacrificed
their security in a vain attempt to contribute to the support of a cause
which in their eye was inevitably lost.
It is probably owing to the lively apprehension they had of the
delicacy and importance of their position, to their dread of Buonaparte,
and their detennination to avoid any possible ground of offence, and to
the consequent wish to prove the absence of all participation in the cause
of the allies, and of all Russian and British Influence with which they
were constantly upbraided by the French Ambassador. That eve must
chiefly ascribe the harsh tone of [loc alb] proceeded from the illiberal
obstinacy of which M. Italinsky and myself have so much cause to
complain.
I am assured however that the overture alluded to would have ben
otheiwise received and the stern resolution on the subj ect of Neutrals
considerably modified had it not been for the Changes in the Ottoman
Ministry mentioned in my Letter No. 1 1 which are supposed to have been
brought about by the Minister of the Conferences and the kyayah Bey
(fonnerly Ambassador at Paris) two Men who are said to have great
weight with the Sovereign alter there is no cause to think that they would
either carry matters to the length intended of promoting a Rupture with
England and Russia.
However this may be, the Reis Effendi has, with in these few
days, begun to alter his manner and language, he now anxiously enquires
after the resuit of the insinuation I ventured to make through Sir Robert
Wilson at St. Petersburgh; and in answer to a question put to him, as to
the issue of the consultation above alluded to, with his Colleague, he
assured me t� at their 50.000 men will be ready at a short notice, of the
case [loc alb] possession of their ancient territories.
poate "to take"?
462
Now the inclinations of the Court of Russia stand, in this respect,
your Lordship is likely to leam from another quarter. Sir Robert Wilson
appears to have conducted the argument with H. M. the Emperor, and
with great talent and ingenuity informs me that His Imperial Maj esty
approves o f the plan, and declares his readiness to carry it into execution.
But I have not thought myself entitled to make any formal communication
of this intelligence here, as the measure bas not received the sanction of
the Minister of Foreign Affairs; whose opinion and influence is likely to
be strongly opposed to it. Count Romanzow' s system of politicks is
hostile to this Country. I am assured, from good authority, that he
prevented the conclusion of Peace when it was on the point of being
signed, long before the period of the late negotiation at Bucharest, by
suddenly raising the pretentions of Russia to an exorbitant pitch; and I
leamt; to my great surprize, a short time ago, that, in his instructions to
the Russian Envoy at the porte, he threw cold matter not only upon the
plan of a diversion in Dalmatia, but on the proj ected treaty of offensive
and defensive Alliance with the Turks, which at the time of the Peace was
so much a favourite obj ect not only with Admirai Tchichagoff, but with
the Emperor Himself. He directed M. Italinsky, not to give himself much
trouble on the subj ect, but to leave the chief menagement of the
Negociation to the case of the English Ambassador, as it was much more
for the interest of Great Britain than of Russia, that that Treaty should
take p lace.
The appeared alteration in the sentiments and in the language of
the Ottoman Minister is principally owing to the change that has taken
place in the situation of Buonaparte, and to the doubt, they begin to
entertain of his ultimate success, which the uncontradicted accounts
communicate to them by M. Andreossy had thought them to look upon as
infallible. [Spaţiu alb] .
Robert Liston
Public Record Office, 'Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/79, f. 200 - 208, v;
463
1 85
Constantinopol, 1812. decembrie 9
R. Liston către R. Castlereagh despre executarea fraţilor Moruzi,

Dimitrie, mare dragoman şi Panaiot, de către turci, socotiţi ca trădători
ai intereselor Porţii in slujba Rusiei, deoarece au ascuns dregătorilor
otomani pregătirile iminente de război ale lui Napoleon împotriva ţarului
in vara trecută şi au indus in eroare Poarta care a cedat ruşilor
Basarabia fără a fi nevoie, pentru a încheia pacea.
No. 1 7
Constantinople, 9th Dec<embe>r 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
I had but just sent off my last despatches, nos. 1 5 & 1 6, to Your
Lordship, when I leamt that Demetrius Moruse, chief Dragoman of the
Porte, who had been long at the Camp in attendance on the late Grand
Vizir, and who assisted at the negotiations for the peace, had been called
to Shumla by the new Vizir, and been put to death by orders from
Constantinople. It is added that as there was no regular Executioner on the
spot, the poor man was cruelly butchered, and might in fact be said to be
cut to pieces.
A very few days after, his younger brother Panagios, who acted
for a considerable period as Deputy - Dragoman of the Porte in the
Capital - the Gentleman who received me on my first arrival, and who
was removed as was supposed at the desire of M . Andreossy ( making
room for Prince Caraggia since promoted to the Govemment of
Wallachia) was invited by a civil message from the Ottoman Ministry
(sent to his Villa on the banks of Bosphorus) to repair to the Porte, where
there was a wish to converse with him on the affairs of his deceased
brother, particularly conceming certain estates in Wallachia, which it was
the intention of Govemment not to confiscate, but to give up to the
family.
Panagios obeyed this insidious summons with trembling
suspicion. He entered the boats sent for him, but found himself before he
landed a State prisoner; and after undergoing a short interrogatory, he was
beheaded, and his body exposed on the spot alloted for common
criminals, at the Gate of the Seraglio.
464
The general opinion is that these men have fallen on account of
the party they acted in fmwarding the recent Treaty of Peace with Russia.
And it is reported that the first question put to the one by the Vizir, and to
the other by his enemies in the Divan, was, from what motives he had
eagerly promoted the premature conclusion of a peace so disgraceful to
the country.
If this idea be well founded, the measure may be regarded as connected
with a system (which appears to be adopted) of humouring and
aggraviting the national dissatisfaction with the Peace, and preparing the
publick mind for eventual rupture.
But the Ministers who are supposed to have occasioned the ruin of
the Morusis, deny that their death has any connection with the Russian
Treaty, and speak of it as attributable to motives entirely distinct. That it
was not connected with the Peace they say is evident from the
circumstance that none of the Plenipotentiaries who signed it have been
molested.This argument is strong; and the assertion is perhaps literally
true. The poor men may hae been sacrified to France.
There is remaining an elder Brother, whose anxiety placed him in
such a state of misery that he determined to go voluntarily to the Porte,
and ask if thre were any complaint against him; he was told he had
nothing to fear.
The ruin of the Morusis is supposed to have been hastened and
ensured at least, if nat principally occasioned by the false accusations of
their enemies. They are a family eminent in rank and fortune; and as the
great object of all the higher Greek nobility is a Government in the
Northem Provinces, which are only two in number, they have eagerly
endeavoured to keep back and crush their rivals. Those rivals have taken
their revenge by falsehood and calumny, and have succeeded.
But a still more immediate cause of the downfall of the Dragoman
Panagios appears to have been his personal character. He was possessed
of more ability and much more information than fell to the share of the
Turks with whom he had to do business. These advantages inspired
respect and procured him influence in the Divan. But his manners were
haughty and unpopular; and when opposed in discussion by ignorance
and prejudice, he nat only felt, but shewed (perhaps ostentatiously) his
superiority. He made bitter personal enemies of several of the Ministers;
he has cruelly suffered for his imprudence.
lt is striking that in the placard affixed to the severed head of
Panagios (as is usual in the case of offenders thus punished), after the
common - place accusations of Infidelity, Treason and Ingratitude, it is
465
added that he habitually behaved with disdain towards the Sublime Porte,
_
and had the audacity to assume a tone of sarcasm and irony towards the
Imperial Ministers.
Whatever may have been the more distant, or the more immediate
cause of these executions, the fate of the sufferers has excited an
uncommun degree o f sympathy and regret. Their defects have been
forgotten, and j ustice has been done to their merits. In fact, their hards are
allowed to have been, their zeal in the service of the Porte active and
cordial, such as might have been exerted by genuine Mussulmans. I do
not pretend to say how far they were opposed to France, but Heaven
knows I found them sufficiently anti-Anglican; and not foreseeing the
ultimate consequence that has ensued, I personally rej oiced at the
Dragoman' s removal .An idea that the whole has been an individual act of
the Sultan, receives a degree of confirmation from the circumstance that
much and powerful intercession was employed on the occasion, but in
vain. And if this is the commencement of a new plan of Administration, it
must be confessed that the first essay of His Sublime Highness's
autocracy has done him no credit in the eyes of his subj ects.
I have the honour &c.
Rob<ert> Liston
[Pe veso : ] Constantinople, Dec<ember> 9- 1 8 1 2 ;

Mr. Liston, No 1 7; Rec<eive>d 6 March
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/79; f. 2 1 2 - 2 1 5 ;

orig. în 1 . engleză; publicat parţial de Ceda Mij atovic, op. cit. , p. 1 0 1 -
1 02, doc. 1 23 .
1 86
Constantinopol, 1 81 2, decembrie 1 2
R . Liston către R. Castlereagh despre temerile sale în legătură cu

eventualele acţiuni ostile ale otomanilor împotriva Rusiei; sugestia
guvernului britanic înaintată ţarului ca Rusia să obţină recunoştinţa şi
466
chiar alianţa Porţii prin retrocedarea Basarabiei sau măcar a unei părţi
a ei nu a fost agreată la St. Petersburg şi n-a primit nici un răspuns,·
autorităţile ţariste socotesc problema încheiată, odată cu ratificarea păcii
de la Bucureşti de către Sultan.
No. 1 8
Constantinople, 1 2 December 1 8 1 2
My Lord,
I must unequivocally <abs.>tract every expression contained in

my Despatch. That seemed to forebode a change of system on the part of
the Ottoman Minister.
The faint hopes to which I alluded were drawn from the
insinuation and overtures once made to me by the Reis Effendi who with
all his [guilts] is certainly at bottom a genuine Turk, sincere Anti Gallican
and anxious to preserve the Country from a Connection which would
undermine her Independence.
He has from the beginning made no secret of his Opinion that a
Peace which took from Turkey so large a portion of Territory and
deprived her of the command of the Navigation of the Danube could
never be a cordial Peace, and not a consequence likely to be a durable
one. He eagerly grasped from the first at the hope that an Act of poli tical
generosity on the part of the Emperor of Russia might wipe off the
disgrace of a disavantageous Treaty and re-establish the Respect and
Independence of the Turkish Empire. He particularly urged in his last
inquires on the subject and seemed to entertain an expectation that a
favourable answer would have enabled him (with certain friendley
members of the Divan, some of them . . . admitted) to oppose with success
the Influence o f the Kyaya-Bey.
But the Reis-Effendi has been thunder - struck by the execution of
the younger Morousy, who acted in every thing under his orders, and he
does not seem to feel secure of his own existence for a single moment
either as a Minister or as a man
I had the other day a strong prove of the extreme sensibility of his
apprehension upon this point.
I have been in the habit of making through Mr. Pisani, my first
Interpreter, observations to the Turkish Minister, and in particular to the
two Persons who are suppose to enjoy the greatest Portion of Influence
with the Sovereign on the Dangers that might ultimately result from the
467
unfriendly conduct adopted towards the Russian Envoy from the Refusal
of Justice and a disinclination to execute certain Articles of the Treaty of
Bucharest and I uniformely received assurances that there was on the part
of the Govemment no intention to break their Engagements, but on the
contrary, a determination to maintain the strictest Neutrality.
The Chevalier de Italinsky suggested to me that a good effect
might possibly be produced, by a Remonstrance of this nature presented
by me to the Porte in Writing.
I accordingly drew up a short note in which I hinted at the late
Acts of Severity and while disclaimed all Right as a Foreign Minister to
remark upon the Internai measures of the Govemment, I observed that (as
connected with), the unfriendly System I had seen adopted with respect to
Russia and the apparent indisposition to fulfil the Treaty. I could not but
look with Alarm to the probable consequences. This note I thought it
expedient in the present circumstances, to make, Mr. Pisani explain to the
Reis Effendi, before it was translated into the Turkish Language and
formally presented.
The Reis Effendi observed, that he took it for granted that I
harboured no wish Personally to injure him; that the allusion I made to the
Fate of the Morusesis, would give occupation to the malevolent Party
who are endeavouring to bring about his Diagace in the Seraglio.
To make it appear that he suggested this Step to me, would infallibly
prove his Ruin.
I of course altered and weakened my remonstrance till he was
satisfied with it and the delay has prevented my receiving any answer.
The poor Man continued to attend regulary at his Office and appears to be
in uncertainty but submissively expect his fate.
It is remarkable that just at this moment a general opinion begins
to prevail that the Sultan Himself has suddenly changed his plan of
Conduct and all once assumed a new Character.
It was by His particular Order that the difficulties which arose in
the Congress of Bucharest were successively removed.
It was chiefly to His personal Dispositions that The Russians
trusted for the fulfilment of the Treaty - His Highness was supposed to
have taken a Determined Resolution to maintain a permanent Peace with
Foreign Nations, and to bend His Effort to interior Improvement and
especially to compleat the Subjugation of the turbulent governors of the
Turkish Provinces beginning with those on the Danube, of whom, one -
the Pacha of Widin, as chose to follow the example of bis Predecessor,
468
and inactually in Arms. His Highness now appears to turn His Eye
without reluctance towards a Renewal of Hostilities with Russia.
His Ministers now effect to say He takes his Resolutions and gives
his orders without previously consulting with them, and that no
lntercession can induce Him to recall a Command once issued.
His Sublime Highness had the Reputation of being grave and
reserved, strict and steady in his Measures of Govemment and Policy; but
just equitable and moderate in all; whereas is now accused of having
adopted not the sullen austere Spleen, but the ·unbrilled Despotism, the
capricious and savage Cruelty of his more distant Predecessors.
Such it become the Opinion of the Publick but especially of the
Russian Palace ( as the Houses of Foreign Ministers are dominated in this
country) how far is well founded I will not pretend to say. It may have
originated in Stratagem on the Part of the Favorites of the Day calculated
to screen themselves from future Responsibility. But I am grieved to add
that supposing feeble Barrier of the antigallican Influence to be removed
there seems to remain nothing to prevent the Divan from sinking into a
state of object submission of France, and, on the other hand,
circumstances have with in few days came to my knowledge which
convince me that the ultimate intention of this Govemment is to bring on
a Rupture with Russia.
Not that They have any Wish to be the Aggressors. Their Laws,
Their Religion prohibit it, and their present mufti who is conscientious
Man and well disposed would refuse his sanction to the voluntary Breach
of a publick Engagement, but the Plan is to make inadmissible Demands,
to multiply Injuries, Inj ustice and Refusals to accomplish the Treaty, till
the Russians are compelled to make the Attack. When as the Subj ects of
quarrel are all popular the Ministry think that the People will go Heart and
Hand with the Govemment and that with the support of France and
Austria, Turkey will nat only recovered Her Lossies but be able to resume
the Privileges granted to Russia.
The only Question that seems to occure here is, whither it is better
that Russia should hasten or retard the step; and the natural answer
appears to be that she would act more wisely in endeavouring to avert an
immediate Rupture; that she ought for the present to content herself with
continuing to urge to fulfilment of the Articles of the Treaty and to
remonstrate in protest against the Refusal of Justice on the part of the
Porte, suffering with Patience a temporary disadvantage, and waiting for
more convenient season to vindicate her Rights. This appears to be the
469
opinion of Mr. d'Italinsky in which I have encouraged him, and he will
take no decided step without Orders from his Court.
Nothing however can ward off this catastrophe, but complete
success on the part of Russia in the present war.
During the course of the Summer and Autumn, the Turks
considered Yictory as attached to the Arms of France and stil l regard the
Issue of the struggle as likely to be favourable to Buonaparte - a decissive
change must take place to prevent Misfortune and must take place soon;
or it may come too late. In looking back to the progress this Business it
does not appear to me that any thing effectual could be done - at least not
by a British Minister singly, to arrest the Mischief.
Two great Powers resolving to humble a Third, the naturel Enemy
of the Porte, set out with declaring that if they are successful, they will re
establish the Inegrity of the Turkish Dominions.
The Art and address of the Austrian Agent at Constantinople
succeeded in persuading the Ottoman Ministers. I know no motive that
could have been urged to persuaded the Turks to take up Arms against
those to friendly and benevolent Powers, and draw upon themselves the
Vengence of both.
The Turkish Pride was however mortified in finding themselves
thus gratuitously taken under Protection.
A Counter - Declaration on the part of the Emperor of Russia that
he was willing to restare the whole or a considerable part o f his conquest,
would have evited their gratitude, gained their Confidence, secured their
Neutrality and in the natural course of things, their eventual cooperation.
But no Overture of this Nature not even a single civil expression had been
obtained from Petersburgh from the first moment to the present. The
consequences are taking place.
May I request your Lordship to convey to me the provisional
Instructions for my conduct in the event of rupture with Russia which is
to be apprehended.
Rob<ert> Liston
P . S . The latest accounts we have had from the Armies are contained in the
Circular Letter from Marshall Kutusoff of the 9th o f November from Elina
near Smolensk, in which he mentions the lose Buonaparte has sustained
470
in his retreat, and adds in a Postscript the ncws that general Platow had
defeated the Division of the Vice Roy of Italy.
Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/79, f. 2 1 6 - 226 v;

A "7 1
INDICE
întocmit de Lucia Taftă
A Anghelopulos Panaiotachi, însărcinat

cu afaceri al Porţii la Paris ( 1 8 1 1 - 1 8 1 5 ) ,
Abdy, Effendy, informator turc plătit d. 1 66
de F. Summerers, d 1 96 • Anglia (Marea Britanie), englezi, d. 1 ,
Ackerman, cetate la limanul Nistrului, 2 , 10, 1 1 , 1 4, 1 9 , 22-24, 29, 42, 45, 46,
d. 5 6 54, 59, passim
Adair, Robert <Sir>, ministru ad Apraxin <Stepan Stepanovici>,
interim britanic la Viena ( 1 806- 1 808 ) ; general rus, participant la războiul ruso
negociator în Imperiul Otoman ( 1 808- otoman din 1 806- 1 8 1 2, d. 8 1 , 83, 1 4 1
1 809) ; ambasador la Poartă ( 1 809- Arbuthnot, Charles, ambasador al
1 8 1 0) , d. 5 6, 5 8, 6 1 , 89 99, 1 02-1 22, Marii Britanii la Poartă ( 1 784- 1 807 ) d.
1 25 - 1 27, 1 30- 1 3 1 , 1 34, 1 37, 1 55, 1 6 1 . 29, 30, 42-46, 57-60, 62-67, 69-79, 8 1 ,
Adrianopol, azi Edirne, oraş în Turcia, 85-88, 90, 96, 1 1 5
d. 56, 58, 1 36, 147 Arghiropol, Iacob, mare dragoman al
Afumaţi, sat şi comună, jud. Ilfov, d. Porţii (oct. 1 8 1 2- 1 8 1 5 ) , d. 1 8 1
62, 72 <Arghiropol Iancu>, fost ministru
Ahmed Efendi, dregător otoman rezident al Porţii la Berlin ( 1 804- 1 806) ,
( 1 806) , d. 72, 76 d. 66; fraţi: vezi <Ioan -> şi <Lukaki ->,
<Ahmed paşa>, mare vizir otoman d. 66
( 1 8 1 1 - 1 8 1 2) , d. 1 44-1 50, 1 59, 1 70, 1 7 1 <Arghiropol Ioan>, însărcinat cu
Albania, albanezi, d. 72, 96, 1 1 8 afaceri al Porţii la Londra ( 1 80 1 - 1 808 )
Alexandria, oraş în Egipt, d. 42 şi la Berlin ( 1 806 ) , d. 63, 66
Alexandru I. <Pavlovici>, ţar al Rusiei <Arghiropol Lukaki>, capuchehaia
( 1 80 1 - 1 825 ) , d. 29, 64, 73, 8 1 , 96, 98- domnului Al. Moruzi la Poartă ( 1 806 ) ;
99, 1 1 5 - 1 1 6, 1 1 8-1 1 9, 1 2 1 , 1 29- 1 30, fraţi: vezi <Ioan - şi Iancu ->, d. 65,
1 36- 1 39, 1 4 1 , 1 44-1 46, 1 49, 1 66, 1 76, 66
1 86 Armenia, d. 30; bancheri - la
Ali Aga, curier, plătit de Summerers Constantinopol, d. 62
( 1 806) , d. 96 Asia, d. 1 25 , 1 37, 1 55 , 1 63, 1 65
Ali <de Tebelen>, paşă de !anina (din Aspern, localitate în Austria, d. 1 13
1 788) , d. 29, 53, 96, 1 02, 1 44 Austria, austrieci, d. 1 -6, 1 2, 1 9, 25,
Alvintzy, baron -, comandant ungur 54, 55, 84, 89, 94, 97, 1 0 1 , 1 1 0, 1 1 1 ,
din Transilvania ( 1 806, d. 96 1 2 1 , 1 27, 1 39, 1 4 1 , passim
Andreossy <Antoine>, conte de -, Avram, evreu, spion francez în
ambasador al Franţei la Poartă ( 1 802- Principate ( 1 806) , d. 96
1 804) , d. 96, 1 66, 1 68, 1 7 1 , 1 80, 1 84, Aydin paşa <lkituili>, căpetenie
1 85 otomană din oastea aianului de Rusciuk
Mustafa Bairaktar ( 1 808 ) , d. 72, 80, 8 1 ,
96
Azerbaidjan, d. 30
1 d = document
473
B Belleval, Gaspary, conte -, secretar al
domnului Constantin lp s ilanti ,
Bahici, Ambrosio, preot al comunităţii suspectat ca agent al lui Bonaparte
catolice din Bucureşti ( 1 805 ), d. 1 5, 1 7, ( 1 804 ), d. 34
41 Be11der, cetate, oraş = Tighina, oraş în
Babrov (Babroff), secretar al R. Moldova, d. 30, 56, 96
ambasadorului rus la Poartă, Italinsky Benedeck, ofiţer imperial în
( 1 8 1 2), d. 1 7 1 Transilvania ( 1 804 ) , d. 96
Bagration <Piotr Ivanovici>, ( 1 765- Bentick, William <Sir>, lord -, amiral
1 8 1 2), principe , general rus, englez ( 1 8 1 2), d. 1 67, 1 73 , 1 74
comandant general al armatei ruse în Berlin, oraş, d. 23, 24, 66, 1 8 1
Principatele Române ( 1 8 1 O), d. 1 1 8 Bernadotte <Charles Jean Baptiste> ,
Bahmetiev <Aleksei Nikolaievici>, mareşal francez, apoi rege al Suediei şi
general rus, participant la războiul ruso Norvegiei sub numele de Carol al XIV
otoman din 1 806- 1 8 1 2, d. 82, 84 lea ( 1 8 1 8- 1 844), d. 1 36, 1 79
Balcani (Haemus) munţi, regiune, d. Berthier <Louis Alexandre>, general,
29, 80, 1 26, 1 33 , 1 39, 1 73 mareşal francez, trimis al lui Napoleon
Ball, Alexander <sir>, guvernator I la Viena ( 1 8 1 0), d. 1 20
englez al insulei Malta ( 1 806), d. 6 Bolkunov <Ippolit Feodorovici>,
Balş (Balcha), familie boierească din consilier imperial, consul al Rusiei la
Moldova, d. 8 1 , 96 Iaşi ( 1 804- 1 806), d. 36, 38, 56, 58, 1 1 5
Ba11at, provincie , d. 96, 1 39 Bonaparte, vezi Napoleon Bonaparte
Barbier, Etienne, spion francez în Borgia, Stefano, cardinal, Prefect al
Principate ( 1 804 ), d. 96 Propagandei Fide la Roma ( 1 803), d. 1 6,
Barchard, Peter, curier englez ( 1 803), 1 7, 2 1
d. 19 Bos/or, strâmtoare între Marea de
Barclay de Tolly (Barkelay) <Mihail Marmara şi Marea Neagră , d.78, 59,
Bogdanovici>, general mareşal în 1 26, 1 40, 1 85
armata rusă ( 1 8 1 2), d. 1 9 1 Bosnia, bosniaci, d. 8 1 , 1 00, 1 2 1 , 1 68
Baring & Co, armatori în relatii c u Boukio Yani, trnrus al lui Fr.
flota engleză ( 1 809), d. 1 07 Summerers în Serbia ( 1 806), d. 96
Basarabia, referire la teritoriul răpit Braşov ( Cronstadt), oraş-municipiu,
Moldovei în 1 8 1 2 , d. 96, 1 2 1 , 1 25, 1 80, jud. Braşov, d. 7, 62, 96
1 83 - 1 86 Brăila (Ibraila), port la Dunăre, oraş
Basarabia (Buceag) referire la municipiu, jud. Brăila, d. 72, 76, 96
Basarabia de Sud (Bugeacul tătăresc); Brenner <Ignaz>, agent austriac în
tătari din - , d. 1 O, 56, 72, 76 Ţara Românească ( 1 806 - 1 8 1 0), d. 8 1
Bathurst, Henry <Sir>, conte - B rune, Guillaume, general, ambasador
Secretar de Stat pentru Afacerile al Franţei la Poartă ( 1 803- 1 804), d. 34,
Externe al Marii Britanii 35
( oc to mbri e-decembrie 1 8 09), d. 1 1 5 , Bucovina, provincie, d. 96
1 1 8, 1 26 Bucureşti, oraş-municipiu, capitală a
<Beauharnais, Eugene de -> Ţării Româneşti, d. 2 - 9, 1 2, 1 4 , 1 5,
vicerege al I taliei
( 1 809- 1 8 1 4 ), d. 1 86 1 6- 1 8, 20; passim; tratat de pace de la -
Belgrad, cetate, oraş în Serbia, d. 29, ( 1 6/28 mai 1 8 1 2), d. 1 70, 1 7 1 , 1 77,
30, 32, 96, 1 4 1 1 82, 1 86
474
<Budapesta> (Pesta), oraş, capitala Castnucio, Castirnin <?>, bancher în
Ungariei, d. 96 relaţii cu Fr. Summerers, d. 96
Budberg <Andrei lakovlevici> baron Cattaro (azi Kotor), oraş în Croaţia, d.
de -, ministru al Afacerilor Externe al 53
Rusiei ( 1 807), d. 78 Caucaz, regiune în Asia de Sud-Est, d.
Bukhara, provincie în Asia Centrală, 1 48, 1 50, 1 54, 1 5 6, 1 57, 1 67, 1 70, 1 7 1
hanat, d. 36 Caulaincourt, Armand Augustin,
Bulgakov <lakov Ivanovici>, Director duce de Vicence, ambasador al Franţei
al Cancelariei Diplomatice a Rusiei, la St. Petersburg ( 1 807- 1 8 1 1 ), d. 1 1 8,
emisar la Poartă ( 1 8 1 2), d. 1 7 1 - 1 75 141
Bulgaria, d. 20, 2 1 , 27, 40, 44, 58, 8 1 , Cawash-Başi Bosniak, turc în relaţii
1 83 cu Fr. Summerers ( 1 806), d. 96
Buzău, oraş-mumc1pm în Ţara Cazaci, ostaşi în armata rusă ( 1 807), d.
Românească, jud. Buzău, d. 72 8 1 , 82; ci11ciui în armata turcă, d. 96
-
Cazoni, Lambro, maior, comandant al

c unui corp expediţionar rus în Corfu, d.
29
Calafat, oraş la Dunăre, jud. Olt, d. Călugăreni, localitate în jud. Ilfov, d.
1 46 96
Ca/abria, provincie în Italia, d. 5 8 <Cerhagi Ali paşa>, mare kapudan al
Callimachi, familie domnitoare flotei otomane ( 1 809- 1 8 1 O), d. 1 2 1 , 1 25
fanariotă în Principatele Dunărene, d. Cerni, Gheorghe, vezi Karagheorghevici
56, 96 Gheorghe
Callimachi, Scarlat, fost mare Cernişev <Aleksandr Ivanovici>,
dragoman al Porţii numit domn în diplomat rus ( 1 8 1 2), d. 1 66
Moldova ( 1 2 august - octombrie 1 806), Champagny <Jean Baptiste>, adjunct
d. 59, 62, 8 1 al ministrului de Externe al Franţei
Candia, capitala insulei Creta, d. 24 Talleyrand, d. 34, 1 36, 1 80
Canning, George <Sir>, Secretar de Châteler (?), marchiz de -, emigrat,
Stat pentru Afacerile Externe al Marii voluntar francez în armata austriacă, d.
Britanii ( 1 807- 1 809; 1 822- 1 827), d. 87, 1 20
89-9 1 , 95, 99, 1 00, 1 02- 1 07, 1 08-1 1 3 Chilia (Kilia), oraş, port la Dunăre, d.
Cara, Gheorghe, vezi Karagheorghevici, 56, 76; fortăreaţă, d. 1 50, 1 55 , 1 70, 1 83
Gheorghe Ciceagov <Pavel Vasilievici> ( 1 764-
Caragea Ioan <Gheorghe>, fost 1 849) amiral rus, numit comandant în
dragoman al Porţii, domn în Ţara 1 8 1 2 în locul lu Kutuzov în Principatele
Românească (august 1 8 1 2-septembrie Dunărene, d. 1 70- 1 74, 1 78, 1 79, 1 84
1 8 1 8), d. 1 8 1 , 1 85 Collinwood <Cuthbert>, lord -,
Carintia, provincie în Austria, d. 1 1 3 amiral englez în Marea Mediterană
Carpaţi, munţi, d. 96 ( 1 806), d. 66
Castelcicala, vezi Ruffo de Condrillier, curier extraordinar englez
Castelcicala ( 1 80 1 ), d. 4
Castlereagh, Robert Stewart <Sir>, Constant Georges, spion francez în
conte de -, Secretar de Stat pentru Ţara Românească ( 1 806), d. 5 8
Afacerile Externe al Marii Britanii Constantinopol, oraş, capitala
( 1 8 1 2- 1 822), d. 1 6 1 , 1 66- 1 86 Imperiului Otoman, d. 1 , 2, 9- 1 1 , 1 3 ,
475
24. 35. 36, 4 7, 60, 69, 7 1 ; passim; Dobrougely Arif Aga, informator al lui
cartiere, împrejurimi : Pera, Terapia, Fr. Summerers în Bulgaria, d. 96
Buyukdere Don, fluviu în Ucraina, d. 8 1
Copiice11i ( Copatze11y), localitate în j ud. Donanir M atouchi (Matouche),
Ilfov, d. 8 1 comandant imperial la Turnu-Roşu în
Corfu, insulă în Marea Ionică, d. 29, relaţii cu Fr. Summerers, d. 96
43, 52 Douglas Frederick, curier la Foreign
Cosova-Coşava, localitate în j ud. Office( 1 8 1 2), d. 1 60
Timiş, d . 96 Dovanlia, Paolo, episcop catolic de
Craiova, oraş-municipiu, j ud. Olt, d. Nicopole, cu reşedinţa la Bucureşti, d.
29, 8 1 , 1 2 7 8, 26-28
Crimeea, provincie, d . 29, 99, 1 20, 1 29 Dresda, oraş în Germania, d. 1 75
C ri s t o s c u l e o ( ! ) <probab i l Hriso Drummond William, Sir, ambasador
scoleu>, arhidiacon, secretar la Mitro al Marii Britanii la Poartă ( 1 803- 1 804),
polia Ţării Româneşti ( 1 806), d. 96 d. 24, 25, 34, 46
Croaţia, provinc ie, d . 1 00, 1 1 8, 1 2 1 , Dubăsari, localitate în Republica
1 39 Moldova, d. 96
Cuba11, provincie în Rusia, d. 1 25 Duca <Constantin>, ofiţer în serviciul
Czartorisky Adam Jerzy, prinţ Rusiei ( 1 806), d. 96
polonez, ministru de Afaceri Externe al Dudescu (Diudesko) , boieroaică din
Rusiei ( 1 803-1 806), d. 45, 78 Ţara Românească, d. 96
Dullăre, fluviu , d. 70, 72, 8 1 , 99, 1 00,
D 1 03 , 1 08, 1 1 4, 1 22, 1 25 , passim; guri
ale -, d. 1 48, 1 55
Daia (Dayha), sat şi comună, j ud . Dupollt, Frallfois, spion francez în
Giurgiu, d . 96 Imperiul Otoman ( 1 804 ), d. 96
Da/maţia, provincie, d. 96, 1 40, 1 73- Duroc <Michel> Gerard Christophe,
1 75, l 84 general, emisar al lui Napoleon
Dallemarca, danezi, d. 77, 84, 1 1 7, 1 2 1 , Bonaparte în Prusia ( 1 805), d. 66
146
Danzig Gdansk, oraş-port, R. Polonă,
=
E
d. 1 37
Dardanele, s trâmtoare între Marea Egipt, d. 1 1 , 46, 52, 6 1 , 1 1 5, 1 6 1
Marmara şi Marea Mediterană, d . 90, Elgin, Thomas, lord -, ambasador al
9 1 , 96, 1 1 6, 1 74 Mari Britanii la Poartă ( 1 799- 1 803 ), d.
Davidson, Andrew, curier al lordului 1 , 2, 6, 9, 46, 49, 52, 6 1 , 74, 96, 1 1 6,
Elgin ( 1 803 ) , d. 96 1 23
Delumon (oare Delmont, Delumont?), Elhaz, Mehmed, caimacam al marelui
curier al lui Talleyrand la Poartă vizir otoman ( 1 8 1 2 ), d. 1 5 8
( 1 806), d.
96 Elina, localitate lângă Smolensk, d.
Demerge, Nicolas, informator plătit de 1 86
Fr. Summerers ( 1 806), d. 96 Ercolani, Fortunato Maria, misionar
Devitz, pretins general, aventurier, catolic la Ş istov, în Bulgaria ( 1 805), d.
pretendent la titlul de vice-rege al 44
Muntenegrului ( 1 804 ) , d. 34 Erfurt, oraş în Germania, negocieri de
la ( 1 803), d . 9 1 , 99, 1 1 1
-
476
Erevan, capitala Armeniei, d. 30
Europa, europe11i, d. 1 O, 1 6, 66, passim G
Evrei, d. 3, 56, 96, 1 0 1
<Gaalib Efendi Mehmed Sa id> reis
F efendi ( 1 806- 1 807, 1 808- 1 8 1 1 , 1 8 1 4),
d. 63 , 64, 68, 7 1 , 89, 98, 1 1 6, 1 1 8, 1 1 9,
Fath Ali Şah, şah al Persiei ( 1 8 1 O), d. 1 29, 1 3 1 , 1 34, 1 36; negociator al păcii
1 29 de la Bucureşti ( 1 8 1 2), d. 1 37, 1 40,
Fazardi <Kaetan Ivanovici>, colonel, 1 42, 1 44- 1 45, 1 47, 1 54, 1 56, 1 59
consilier imperial şi agent rus în Galaţi, oraş-municipiu, jud. Galaţi, d.
Balcani ( 1 804), d. 29, 76 29, 56, 76, 96
<Filipescu Constantin>, mare vistier Galiţia, provincie în fostul Imperiu
în Ţara Românească ( 1 806), d. 5 8 Austriac, d. 1 20, 1 29, 1 57
<Filitti> Dositei, mitropolit a l Ungro - Gardane <Paul Louis>, general, trimis
Vlahiei ( 1 793- 1 8 1 0; 1 8 1 2), d. 57, 58, al Franţei în Persia ( 1 807- 1 809), d. 80,
62 87, 88, 96
Finlanda, d. 1 1 7, 1 36, 149 Gaudi Andreas, cancelist al agenţiei
Fleischackl von Hakenau, Franz, consulare austriece din Bucureşti
consul al Austriei la Bucureşti ( 1 8 1 0- ( 1 803 ), d. 1 2, 1 9
1 82 8), d. 1 27, 1 30 George a l III-iea, rege al Marii Britanii
Focşani, oraş, jud. Vrancea, d. 73, 8 1 şi al Irlandei de Nord ( 1 760- 1 820), d.
Fogarassy, emisar al lui Fr. Summerers 63, 68, 105, 1 06, 1 23
la domnul Constantin Ipsilanti ( 1 806), Georgia, vezi Gruzia
d. 96 Germania, d. 6, 96, 1 20, 1 56
Fonton <Antoine>, dragoman al Gervais <Andrei Andreievici>, consul
ambasadei ruse la Constantinopol, d. al Rusiei la Iaşi ( 1 802- 1 804 ), d. 1 2, 1 3 ,
1 39, 1 40, 1 43 24, 36
Foresty (?), agent în Compania engleză Ghica, familie domnească din
a Levantului ( 1 808), d. 96 Principatele Dunărene, d. 96
Fouche <Joseph>, ministru al Poliţiei <Ghica Constantin>, mare logofăt în
în Franţa ( 1 802- 1 8 1 6), d. 34, 56, 8 1 Ţara Românească ( 1 806), d. 5 8
Fox, Charles James, Secretar de Stat Ghiotoritz (Ghiotovitz) Yanake,
pentru Afacerile Externe al Marii emisar al lui Fr. Summerers în Serbia
Britanii (februarie-septembrie 1 806), d. ( 1 806), d. 96
5 3 , 59-64 Ghiouro (!), ostaş în garda domească a
Franchini, interpret al generalului Ţării Româneşti, informator al lui Fr.
Sebastiani, ambasadorul Franţei la Summerers ( 1 806), d. 96
Poartă ( 1 806), d. 58, 96 Giordani, Antonio, misionar pasionist
Francisc I, împărat al Austriei ( 1 804- în Bulgaria, vicar al diocezei catolice şi
1 835), d. 1 20 administrator apostolic în Ţara Româ
<Fran�ois Napoleon, regele Romei>, nească, d. 27, 39, 40, 4 1
vezi <Napoleon II> Giurgiu, (Ghiurziowa Ghiurghiowa,
Franţa, francezi , d. 14, 23, 24, 35, 42, Giurgiova), cetate, oraş, la Dunăre, azi
43, 45, 47, 53, 56-59, 64, 87, 88, 90; municipiu, jud. Giurgiu, d. 72, 76, 77,
passim 8 1 , 96, 1 35 , 1 48, 1 50, 1 5 1 , 1 53
477
Glodea1111-Sliliştea, sat şi comună la Externe al Marii Britanii ( 1 8 04- 1 805),
Nord-Est de Urziceni, j ud. Buzău, d. 72 d. 3 1 , 32, 35, 3 6
Gower, G. L., lord - ( 1 807), d. 78 Hasan paşa, comandantul fortăreţei
Gordon <Thomas>, emisar englez în Belgrad, mutat la Bender ( 1 804 ), fost
Imperiul Otoman ( 1 8 1 2 ), d. 1 69, 1 7 1 , caimacam al marelui vizir, d. 30, 56, 96
1 72 Hasseky, Emin, bostangi paşa ( 1 804),
Grecia, greci, d. 29, 38, 1 0 1 , 1 1 5 , 1 1 8- d. 3 5
1 1 9, - arhipelag, d. 1 50, 1 52 Hawkesbury, Robert Banks
Greig <Aleksei Samuilovici> ( 1 773- Jenkinsen, lord -, Secretar de Stat
1 845), contraamiral rus, d. 1 68, 171, pentru Afacerile Externe al Marii
1 73 - 1 74 Britanii ( 1 80 1 - 1 804), d. 9- 1 1 , 1 3 , 22
Grellville, William Wyndham, lord -, <Haydar beg>, emir de B ukhara
Secretar de Stat pentru Afacerile ( 1 803), d. 3 6
Externe al Marii Britanii ( 1 79 1 - 1 8 0 1 ), <Hedouville, Theodore Charles
d. 1 Joseph>, general, ambasador al Franţei
Gruzia ( Georgia), regat în Caucaz, d. la Moscova ( 1 802- 1 804 ), d. 24
96, 1 25 , 1 29, 1 70 Herin, curier al ambasadorlui Ch.
Gustav Adolf al IV-iea, rege al Suediei Arbuthnot la P oartă ( 1 806), d. 96
( 1 792- 1 809), d. 1 3 7 Hermanstadt, vezi Sibiu
Hitrovo (Hitroff), general adj utant rus
H în serviciul ţarului Alexandru I ( 1 8 1 1 ),
d. 1 4 1
Haemus, vezi Balcani Hotin, cetate în B asarabia, d. 5 6, 72
<Hafiz-Ismail paşa> mare vizir otoman Howick, Charles Grey, lord -,
( 1 805- 1 806), d. 62 Secretar de Stat pentru Afacerile
Hafiz Nişli aga (Nişli aga), comandant Externe al Marii Britanii
al fortăreţei B elgrad ( 1 804 ), fost ( 1 806- 1 807), d. 66, 67, 69, 74, 77-79
caimacam al marelui vizir, d. 30, 32 Hiibsch von Grossthal <Christian
Hafiz Osman aga, fost bostangi paşa, Friedrich>, baron von -, însărcinat cu
numit kapudan al flotei otomane ( 1 804- afaceri şi agent diplomatic al
1 805), d. 3 5 Danemarcei la Poartă ( 1 792- 1 8 1 4), d.
<Hamid-Efendi>, emisar turc trimis la 77, 1 1 5 , 1 1 9, 1 2 1 , 1 3 0, 1 46
Bucureşti ( 1 8 1 1 ), d. 1 44, 1 4 6 Hussein Aga (Husseif), ofiţer turc la
Hammond, George, sub-secretar de Bucureşti ( 1 806), d. 96
Stat pentru Afacerile Externe al Marii
Britanii ( 1 79 5 - 1 806), d . 49, 96 I
Hangerli, familie domnitoare fanariotă
în Principatele Române, d. 96 Iancu, cro,itor evreu din Bucureşti,
Hangerli Alexandru, mare dragoman supus austriac, d. 3
otoman ( 1 806), d. 5 9 Iannina, localitate în Epir, paşalâc de
Haritho M anolaky, informator din -, paşă de -, vezi Ali paşa <Tebelen>,
Principatele Române a lui Fr. d. 5 3 , 96, 1 02 , 1 44
Summerers ( 1 806), d . 96 Iaşi, oraş, capitală a Moldovei, d. 1 2 -
Harowby, Dudley Ryder, lord -, 14, 2 3 , 24, 5 6-5 8 , 7 2 , 8 3 ; passim
Secretar de Stat pentru Afacerile
478
Ilikoglu (Ilikoglou), aian de Silistra,
apropiat al lui Pasvantoglu, d. 29, 5 6, J
96
Imperiul Otoman (Poartă, Turcia, Jabat, Juan, trums extraordinar ş1
turci), d. 1 , 1 O, 1 1 , 24, 25, 29, 32, 35, ministru plenipotenţiart al Spaniei la
37, 38, 42, 43, 45, 54-59, 62; passim Poartă ( 1 809 - după 1 8 1 5), d. 1 25
India, d. 88, 1 1 9 Jackson, Francis James, ministru
Indiile Orientale, Compania -, d. 9, 22, plenipotenţiar şi trimis extraordinar al
45, 46, 52, 8 1 , 86, 88; reprezentant al - Marii Britanii la Berlin ( 1 802- 1 806), d.
la Constantinopol, vezi Morier Isac, d. 23, 24
1 19 Jacobi Kloest <Constantin Philipp>,
Insulele Ionice, grup de insule în baron von -, trimis extraordinar şi
Marea Ionică, d. 43, 1 5 5 ministru plenipotenţiar al Prusiei la
Ipsilanti, Alexandru, domn a l Ţării Londra ( 1 792- 1 8 1 6), d. 34
Româneşti ( 1 77 4- 1 782, 1 796- 1 797), d. Jacobson, emisar al ţarului Alexandru I
62 la sârbi ( 1 807), d. 8 1
Ipsilanti Constantin, domn al Jankovitz, informator al lui Fr.
Moldovei (martie 1 799 - iunie 1 80 1 ) şi Summerers ( 1 806), d. 96
al Ţării Româneşti cu întreruperi Jaubert, Amedee, emisar al Franţei în
(august 1 802 - mai 1 807), d. 24, 29, 3 1 , Persia ( 1 806- 1 808), d. 47
34, 38, 47, 5 6, 5 8 , 62, 63, 67, 70, 72, Jones, Sir Harford, - baronet, emisar
73, 76, 78, 8 1 -84, 96, 1 1 6 britanic în Persia ( 1 809- 1 8 1 1 ) , d. 87
<Ipsilanti Safta>, născută Văcărescu,
soţia domnului Ţării Româneşti, k
Constantin -, d. 5 8
lsaiev <Ivan lvanovici> (lsaiet), Kaadi (Caady) paşa, dregător otoman
general rus în Principatele Dunărene ( 1 806), d. 60
( 1 806), d. 96 Kamenief <Podolsk>, cetate în
lsmail, fortăreaţă, port la Dunăre, d. Ucraina, d. 68, 96
56, 72, 76, 83, 1 50, 1 55 , 1 70, 1 83 Kamenski, Nikolai Mihailovici, conte
lsmail bey, comandant otoman la -, general rus, participant la războiul
Calafat ( 1 8 1 1 ), d. 1 46 ruso-turc din 1 806- 1 8 1 2, d. 83, 84, 1 2 1 ,
Italia, d. 1 20, 1 86; vice-rege vezi 1 34- 1 37, 1 4 1
<Beauhamais, Eugene de > - <Karagheorghevici, Gheorghe Petro
Italinski, Andrei lakovlevici, trimis vici> (Caragheorghe, Cerni Gheorghe,
extraordinar şi ministru plenipotenţiar Kara Gheorghe) ( 1 7 5 2-1 8 1 7),
al Rusiei la Poartă ( 1 803 - 1 806; 1 8 1 2 - conducător al răsculaţilor sârbi
1 8 1 6), negociator al păcii de la împotriva turcilor, d. 38, 80, 8 1 , 84, 87,
Bucureşti ( 1 8 1 2), d. 1 0, 29, 34, 3 8, 42, 96, 1 00
43, 45, 59, 63, 64-67, 69, 73, 78, 79, Kara, Ismail (Cara lsmail), turc în
1 38-1 40, 1 43, 1 44, 1 54, 1 56, 1 70-1 73, relaţii cu Summerers ( 1 806), d 96
1 75 , 1 79, 1 84- 1 86 Karasick ( ! ), director al Poştelor în
lvanovic (Ivovic), Petar, emisar al lui Principatele Române ( 1 804 ), d. 96
Summerers la Kara Gheorghe (iunie Karl, arhiduce austriac, victoria lui -
1 807), d. 80 asupra francezilor la Aspem ( 1 809), d.
1 14
479
Kayali-Dere, localitate în Bulgaria, d. Lauriston <Jacques Law>, conte de -,
1 29 general francez ( 1 806), d. 57, 96, 1 39,
Ker <Porter Sir Robert> ( 1 777- 141
1 842), călător englez în Ţările Române Leake, William Martin, căpitan
( 1 8 12); a transmis la Londra textul englez ( 1 809), d. 53, 1 02
tratatului de pace de la Bucureşti, d. Le Blanche, aghiotant al generalului
1 74 Sebastiani, trimis la Poartă ( 1 806), d.
Kiose Ahmed, kehaya lui Mustafa 96
Bairaktar, aian de Rusciuk ( 1 806), d. 72 Ledoulx <Joseph>, viceconsul al
Kiriko (Chirico) Luka Grigorievici, Franţei în Principatele Române până în
consul general al Rusiei la Bucureşti 1 809, apoi consul până în 1 8 1 4, d 96
( 1 795- 1 806; 1 8 1 2 - 1 8 1 7), d. 7, 24, 34, Lemberg = Liov, oraş în Republica
38, 72, 96, 1 1 6 Ucraina, d. 54
Kociubei <Victor Pavlovici> conte -, Levant, Compania -, reprezentant al -,
trmus extraordinar şi nurustru vezi Morier lsac, d. 46, 52, 86, 88, 1 40
plenipotenţiar al Rusiei la Poartă ( 1 794- Liston Robert, ambasador al Marii
1 798), d. 24, 1 1 5 , 1 79 Britanii la Poartă ( 1 794- 1 79 5 ; 1 8 1 2-
Kolowrat, <Liebsteinsky> Vinzenz, 1 820), d. 1 6 1 , 1 7 1 , 1 73 - 1 86
conte -, general comandant imperial în Londra, oraş, d. 5 , 34, 46, 49, 54, 5 5 ,
Transilvania ( 1 806 - 1 8 1 1 ) d. 96
, 6 1 , 68, 7 5 , 8 5 , 9 1 , 94, 96, 1 0 1 , 1 1 5- 1 1 7,
Koule, vezi Turnu <Măgurele> 1 28, 1 5 8, 1 67
Kutuzov <Mihail llarionovici> conte Louis <Sir Thomas>, contraamiral
-, feldmareşal rus, comandant al englez în Marea Mediterană ( 1 806), d.
administraţiei ruse de ocupaţie în 66
Principatele Române ( 1 8 1 0- 1 8 1 2), d. Loveci (Lovatz), oraş pe Dunăre, în
72, 96, 142, 1 45- 1 47, 1 5 1 , 1 53, 1 54, Serbia, d. 1 3 8, 1 3 9
1 70- 1 7 1 , 1 86 Ludolf, Constantin, conte -,
reprezentant al Regatului celor Două
L Sicilii la Poartă ( 1 790 - 1 8 1 5), d. 1 1 8,
1 27, 1 30, 1 33, 1 37, 1 39, 1 49, 1 6 1 , 1 72
Landi, Luigi, prefect al minorităţilor
conventuali din Moldova ( 1 803 ), d. 1 5 , M
17
Langeron <Louis Alexandre Maghorithopulo, negustor din
Andrault>, conte de -, general francez Moldova, în relaţii cu Fr. Summerers
în serviciul Rusiei în războaiele ruso ( 1 806), d. 96
turce dintre 1 790- 1 8 1 2, d. 1 4 1 Mahmud, Tirhaya, ofiţer turc ce a
Laskarev <Serghei Lazarevici>, jefuit Consulatul englez din Bucureşti
consul rus în Principatele Române ( 1 806), d. 96
( 1 782- 1 786), consilier imperial ( 1 807), Mahmud (Mahmut), seraskier la
d. 29, 8 1 -83 Şumla, d. 1 3 7
Latour Maubourg <Just Florimond <Mahmud a l Il-lea>, sultan otoman
du Fay>, marchiz de -, însărcinat cu ( 1 808- 1 839) d. 90, 1 09, 1 22, 1 32, 1 44,
afaceri al Franţei la Poartă ( 1 808- 1 8 1 2), 1 50, 1 59, 1 65 , 1 74
d. 94, 1 2 1 , 143, 1 57, 1 58, 1 64, 1 75 <Mahmud Raif Efendi>, reis efendi
( 1 800- 1 805), d. 1 1 , 43
480
Malta, insulă în Marea Mediterană d. Mehmed Arif <Kiiciik> efendi, reis
78-79, 8 1 , 85, 86, 88, 96, 99, 1 1 6 efendi ( 1 8 1 1 - 1 8 1 4), d. 42, 1 36, 1 46,
Manicati (Manicate), negustor, în 148, 1 52, 1 54, 1 55 , 1 57- 1 59, 1 65, 1 67,
relaţii cu Fr. Summerers ( 1 806), d. 96 1 69, 1 76
Mantova Mantua, oraş în Italia, d. 76
= Mehmed Celebi, efendi, negociator
Marco, Ioan, cancelist al agenţiei turc cu delegaţii sârbi de la Sofia (oct.
austriece la Bucureşti ( 1 806), cancelist 1 8 1 2), d. 1 82
al Consulatului britanic din Bucureşti şi Mehmed Husrev <Giirci paşa>,
girant al reprezentantului său consular Kapudan paşa ( 1 8 1 1 - 1 8 1 6), d. 1 47
( 1 807- 1 8 1 4), d. 5 5 , 8 1 -84 <Mehmed Kadri paşa> Kapudan,
Marea Adriatică, d. 1 55 ( 1 803- 1 804), d. 3 5
Marea Baltică, d. 24, 1 26, 1 29, 1 34, Melenko = Milenko, locotenent al lui
1 66 Karagheorghe, d. 80, 96
Marea Britanie, vezi Anglia Mengozzi, Antonio, preot catolic
Marea Caraibelor, d. 1 1 9 provincial, cu reşedinţa în Ţara
Marea Mediterană, d. 1 1 8, 1 75 Românească, numit episcop de
Marea Neagră (Black Sea, Mer Noire), Nicopole ( 1 805), d. 4 1 , 44
d. 24, 29, 5 6, 99, 1 07, 1 2 1 , 1 25, 1 29, Merkelius Michael, agent consular al
1 3 1 , 1 66, 1 7 1 Imperiului Habsburgic la Bucureşti
Marea Roşie, d . 1 1 ( 1 79 1 - 1 803), d. 2-6, 1 4, 25, 50, 5 1 , 54
Maria Luiza de Habsburg, arhiducesă Metternich <Klemens Wenzel
de Austria, căsătorită cu împăratul Napomuk Lothar> von - Winneburg,
Franţei, Napoleon I Bonaparte, d. 1 20, cancelar al Austriei ( 1 809- 1 848), d.
1 40 1 20, 1 36, 1 44, 1 48
<Markov Arkadi Ivanovici> conte -, Michelson <Ivan lvanovici>, general
ambasador al Rusiei la Paris ( 1 80 1 - rus, comandant general al armatei ruse
1 803) , d . 24 în Principatele Dunărene ( 1 806-1 807),
Marmont <Auguste Frederic Louis d. 70-73, 78, 80, 8 1 , 87, 1 1 6
Vienne de>, duce de Ragaza ( 1774- Miloradovici <Mihail Andreievici>
1 852), militar şi om politic francez, ( 177 1 - 1 825), general rus în războiul din
general şi mareşal în timpul împăratului 1 806- 1 8 1 2, d. 72, 80, 82, 84
Napoleon I, d. 1 2 1 Mitrowski <Josef>, conte, general
Mavrocordat <Alexandru>, mare imperial ( 1 803), d. 96
postehric şi hatman în Moldova, Mohilău (Mohilow), azi Moghilev
ginerele domnului Al. Moruzi ( 1 806), Podolski în Republica Ucraina, d. 96
d. 72 Moldova, principat, d. 1, 1 5 , 1 8, 22,
<Mavrocordat Gheorghe>, mare 24, 36, 38-42, 54, 5 6, 64, 65 ; passim
postelnic în Ţara Românească, d. 5 8 Moreea, provincie greacă, d. 24, 42,
Mayendorff, general rus, aghiotant al 96, 1 1 8
generalului Platon, d. 8 1 Morier, David, curier extraordinar
Mayer (Mair) William, furnizor al britanic ( 1 806), d. 5 5 ; agent al
flotei engleze din Mediterana ( 1 809), d. Companiei Indiilor Orientale, d. 88, 96
1 07, 1 1 0 Morier, lsac, reprezentant al Compa
Mechain, curier francez la Poartă niei Levantului şi al celei a Indiilor Ori
( 1 806), d. 96 entale, cu reşedinţa la Constantinopol
( 1 807), d. 86
48 1
Moruzi, Alexandru, domn în Moldova devenit duce de Reichstadt ( 1 8 1 8), d.
(între 1 792- 1 807 cu întreruperi) şi în 144
Ţara Românească ( 1 793- 1 80 1 cu Napoli (Neapole), Regatul - ( 1 806), d .
întreruperi), d. 56, 58, 59, 63- 65, 72, 54, 56, 58
73, 78, 96, 1 1 5, 1 50 N aso, deputat din Arhipeleagul grecesc
Moruzi, Dimitrie, dragoman otoman ( 1 804 ) , d. 96
( 1 806- 1 8 1 2 ) , delegat la Conferinţa de Nesselrode <Karl Robert Vasilievici>
pace de la Bucureşti ( 1 8 1 2), executat de ( 1 780- 1 862) conte -, diplomat rus,
turci, d. 1 59, 1 8 1 , 1 85, 1 86; frate al - , cancelar, d. 1 5 6, 1 57
vezi Panaiot - New Castle, localitate în Anglia, d. 5
Moruzi, Panaiot, dragoman otoman, Nicolae, stolnic în Ţara Românească
executat de turci ( 1 8 1 2), d. 1 85, 1 86; ( 1 80 1 ), d. 3
frate al - vezi Dimitrie - Nicopole, cetate, localitate în Bulgaria,
Moscova, oraş, d. 24, 56 d. 8, 1 1 , 26, 5 8, 72, 1 42, 143 ; episcop
Mulgrave <Henry Phipps>, lord - , catolic de -, v. Mengozzi Antonio, d.
Secretar de Stat pentru Afacerile 4 1 , 44, 5 8
Externe al Marii Britanii ( 1 805- 1 807), Nistru, râu, d . 6 8 , 79, 96, 1 70
d. 3 7, 42, 43, 45-49
Mu11te11egru, mu11te11egre11i, d . 29 , 34. o
57, 58
Murat, Joachim, general mareşal O cariz, Jose, numit ministru
francez, rege al Neapolului ( 1 808- plenipotenţiar al Spaniei la Poartă
1 8 1 4) , d. 1 20 (septembrie 1 805), d. 48
Mustafa aga, tătar, însoţitor al Odessa, port în Ucraina, d 96, 1 25, 1 7 1
curierului englez Morier David, d. 5 5 , Olde11burg, ducat în Germania, d . 1 4 1
72 Olt (Aluta) , râu, d . 8 1
Mustafa paşa Bairaktar <Alemdar>, Oltenia, provincie, d . 1 27
aian rebel de Rusciuk, mare vizir <Omer Khulusi efendi>, mare muftiu
otoman ( 1 808), d . 8 1 , 96, 1 04, 1 08 ( 1 8 1 0 - 1 8 1 2), d. 1 59
Mustafa IV, sultan otoman ( mai 1 807- Orşova, localitate în B anat, d . 29, 96,
iulie 1 808 ) , d . 8 1 , 90 1 39
Osman <Kionciuk> aga, informator
N plătit de Fr. S ummerers ( 1 806), d . 96
Ostroveny Yanaky, informator plătit
Napoleon Bonaparte, general, prim de Fr. Summerers ( 1 806), d. 96
consul al Franţei ( 1 799- 1 803 ) , împărat Ourseley, Gore Sir, baronet -,
al Franţei sub numele de Napoleon I ambasador extraordinar şi rrumstru
( 1 804- 1 8 14, 1 8 1 5 ), d. 1 0, 34, 3 5 , plenipotenţiar al Marii Britanii în Persia
56-5 8, 66, 79, 80, 82, 9 1 , passim ( 1 8 1 1 - 1 8 1 4), d. 1 6 1 , 1 63 , 1 7 1
<Napoleon II>, <Franc;:ois Charles
Joseph Bonaparte> (Paris 181 1-
Schănbrunn 1 832), fiul împăratului
Napoleon I şi al Mariei Luiza; <numit
la naştere „regele Romei">, recunoscut
ca împărat sub numele de Napoleon II
de Senatul francez la 23 iun. 1 8 1 5 ;
482
trimişi francezi în -, veyi Jaubert, A. şi
Gardane <L>
p <Petrovic Peter I> Njagos (Petar
Petrovici), mitropolit de Muntenegru şi
Paget, Arthur Sir, lord englez, principe de Muntenegru ( 1 782 - 1 830),
negociator al Marii Britanii la Poartă căpetenie a răsculaţilor muntenegreni
( 1 807), d 96 împotriva turcilor, d. 57, 5 8
Palamidha, informator al lui Phasis, râu în Caucaz, d . 1 50, 1 67, 1 70,
Surnmerers ( 1 806), d. 96 1 7 1 , 1 74, 1 83
<Palin, Nils Gustav>, însărcinat cu Phylipopolis, azi Plovdiv, oraş în
afaceri al Suediei la Poartă ( 1 805- Bulgaria, d. 96
1 8 1 5), d. 1 49, 1 54, 1 75 Pisani <Berto>, dragoman al
Pandazoglu, Vasile, boier, informator ambasadei engleze de la Constantinopol
al lui Fr. Surnmerers ( 1 806), d. 96 ( 1 8 1 2), d. 60, 1 34, 1 5 5, 1 86
Panin <Piotr Ivanovici>, conte, Platov, general rus în Principate
general rus, d. 96 ( 1 807), d. 8 1 , 1 86
Parandier <Pierre>, însărcinat cu Pohn & C Prior, casă comercială
afaceri, Secretar de legaţie la ambasada engleză ( 1 807), d. 85, 86
franceză la Poartă ( 1 804- 1 805), trimis Pole, secretar al ambasadorului englez
în Persia, d. 4 7 la Poartă, Ch. Arbuthnot ( 1 806), d. 63,
Parant, Louis Joseph, vice-consul al 65, 86
Franţei la Iaşi ( 1 797- 1 798) şi consul la Polonia, d. 24, 54, 96, 1 1 6, 1 20, 1 4 1 ,
Iaşi ( 1 805- 1 806), apoi la Bucureşti 156
( 1 806), d. 23 Port Barbieri, lângă Dardanele, d . 90-
Parga, oraş în Italia, d. 42 91
Paris, oraş, d. 24, 34, 47, 58, 8 1 , 96, Portsmouth, localitate în Anglia, d . 96
1 1 7, 1 20, 1 30, 1 36, 1 4 1 , 1 5 6, 1 66, 1 67, Prozorovski <Aleksandr Aleksan
passim drovici>, mareşal rus, participant la
Pavel I, ţar al Rusiei ( 1 796- 1 80 1 ), d. războiul ruso-turc dintre 1 806- 1 8 12,
1 15 comandant suprem al armatei ruse în
Pazvantoglu Osman paşa, paşă de Principatele Române ( 1 808-1 809), d.
Vidin ( 1 794-1 807) dregător otoman, 8 1 -83, 93, 99, 103, 1 1 7, 1 1 8
rebel faţă de Poartă, d. 1 0, 1 1 , 1 3, 23, 29, Prusia, d. 66, 1 53, 1 7 1
3 1 , 56, 96, 1 1 5 Prut, râu în Moldova, d . 1 37, 1 44, 1 48,
Pehlivan aga, rebel otoman ( 1 809), d. 1 50, 1 5 1 , 1 53, 1 5 5 , 1 70, 1 7 1
1 08
Pelew Andrew, Sir - , om politic R
englez, d. 1 7 1
Penlivan, Michaly, informator plătit de Rasdilovic, Mattia, misionar catolic la
Fr. Summerers ( 1 806), d. 96 Bucureşti ( 1 805), d. 39
Perceval, Spencer Right Honorable, Raguza = Dubrovnik, port la Marea
prim ministru al Marii Britanii ( 1 8 1 2), Adriatică, d. 96
d. 1 58 Regieb Aga, comandant turc la Orşova
Persia 30, 47, 80-8 1 , 87, 88, 1 1 8, ( 1 804), d. 96
1 29- 1 30, 1 40, 1 45 , 1 54, 1 56, 1 6 1 , 1 7 1 ; Reinhard (Reinhardt) <Charles
Frederic> ( 1 7 6 1 - 1 83 7), numit consul
483
francez Ia Iaşi (martie 1 806), d. 5 6-5 8, 1 1 8, 1 29, 1 3 0, 1 34, 1 3 7, 1 3 9, 1 4 1 , 1 86 ;
115 passim
Richelieu <Armand Emmanuel du Santa Maria, Antonio di -, misionar
Plessis>, duce de -, nobil francez catolic trimis în Bulgaria ( 1 803 ), d. 20
emigrat, în serviciul Rusiei până Ia Santissimo Salvatore, Fortunato del - ,
Restauraţie, guvernator al Odesei, d. misionar catolic trimis în Bulgaria
141 ( 1 806), d. 20
Riga, oraş în Republica Letonă, d . 1 29 Sava, arnăut în garda Ţării Româneşti
Rodofinikin <Konstantin Konstan ( 1 806), d. 96
tinovici>, diplomat rus, conducător al Saumarez, Sir James, amiral englez
Cancelariei diplomatice pe lângă ( 1 8 1 1 ), d. 1 44
administraţia rusă în Moldova ( 1 806), Sa.xonia, regat -, d. 1 1 9
d. 73, 76, 8 1 <Schladen, Friedrich Heinrich>,
Rogerson, Mathew, c ăpitan, curier baron von -, ministru plenipotenţiar şi
englez ( 1 806), d. 5 1 trimis extraordinar al Prusiei la St.
Roma, oraş d . 1 5 , 40; rege al - v. Petersburg ( 1 808- 1 8 1 1 ), d. 1 34
<Napoleon II>, d. 1 44 Schwartzenberg <Johann Nepomuk>
Rothenturm, vezi Turnu Roşu von , principe austriac, trimis special
-
Ruffo di Calabria, Fabrizio, cardinal, la Parma, d. 99

conducător al răscoalei antifranceze din Sebastiani, Horace conte de , general
-
regatul Napoli < 1 799>, d. 5 8 francez, emisar al lui Napoleon

Ruffo de Castelcicala, principe, trimis Bonaparte la Constantinopol ( 1 803 ) ;
extraordinar şi ministru plenipotenţiar ambasador a l Franţei l a Poartă ( 1 806-
al regatului de Na poli (până la 1 806), 1 808), d. 1 0, 5 7 , 5 8 , 5 9 , 66, 69, 79, 8 1 -
apoi al Sic iliei ( 1 806- 1 8 1 5 ), la Londra, 82, 90, 96, 1 1 1 , 1 4 8
d. 1 49 . Sebastiani <Jeanne, născută de
Rumelia, provincie în Imperiul otoman Coigny>, contesă -, soţia ambasa
d. 2 3 , 5 8 , 69-73 , 76 dorului Horace -, d. 5 8
Rumianţev, Nikolai Petrovici, conte -, <Selim a l Iii-lea>, sultan otoman
cancelar al Rusiei ( c;lin 1 809), d. 96, ( 1 789-1 807), d. 1 0, 22, 4 5 , 59, 60, 68
1 1 7 , 1 3 0, 1 45 , 147, 1 7 1 , 1 80, 1 84 Semlin = Zemun, azi cartier în B elgrad,
Rusciuk, oraş, azi Russe în Bulgaria, d. d. 96
1 9, 20, 2 3 , 96, 1 3 5 , 1 3 8, 1 40, 1 4 1 , 1 47 , Serbia, sârbi, d . 29, 3 7 , 38, 53, 80 - 8 1 ,
1 5 0, passim 87, 8 8 , 96, 98, 1 00, 1 1 4, 1 2 1 , 1 25 , 1 33 ,
Rusia, ruşi, d. 1 O, 1 2, 24, 29-3 1 , 34, 36, 1 3 5 - 1 3 6, 1 4 1 , 1 48, 1 5 0, 1 54, 1 70, 1 76,
3 8, 42, 45 ; passim 1 79 , 1 82
Serra Capriola, Antonio Maresca,
s duce de -, ministru plenipotenţiar al
Regatului celor Două Sicilii la St.
Sainte-Luce, consul al Franţei Ia Petersburg ( 1 7 8 3 - 1 808, 1 8 1 5- 1 822), d.
Bucureşti ( 1 803 - 1 806), d. 23, 24, 34, 1 1 8, 1 30, 1 37 , 149, 1 5 6, 1 62, 1 7 1 , 1 7 5
47, 96 Severoli, Gabriele Antonio, nunţiu
Sakelariou, L., negustor, sudit austriac apostolic la Viena ( 1 802, 1 805), d. 8,
( 1 807), d. 8 1 1 5 , 1 8, 20, 26-28, 33, 3 9-4 1 , 44
Sankt Petersburg, oraş în Rusia, d. 29, Siberia, provincie rusă în Asia, d. 1 1 5 ,
30, 38, 42, 5 8, 64, 67, 69, 70, 72, 73, 141
484
Sibiu (Hermanstadt), oraş-mumc1p1u, Styria, provincie în Austria d. 1 1 3
jud. Sibiu, d. 29, 54, 5 5 , 80, 96 Suedia d. 94, 1 3 6, 1 3 7, 1 49, 1 60, 1 7 1 ,
Sicilia, Regatul celor Două -, d. 96, 1 3 6, 1 79
1 1 8 , 1 27, 1 30, 1 37, 1 62 Suleiman paşa, imbrohor, guvernator al
Sidki efendi, trimis extraordinar ( 1 808- Belgradului ( 1 804) d. 32
1 809), însărcinat cu afaceri al Porţii la Summerers, Francis, emisar în Ţara
Londra ( 1 8 1 0- 1 8 1 1 ) d. 68, 9 1 Românească al ambasadorului englez
Silistra, localitate în Bulgaria, d . 29, 56, Elgin la Poartă ( 1 800); consul general
8 1 , 96, 1 22 , 1 34, 1 37 , 142, 1 43 al Marii Britanii în Ţara Românească şi
Siret, râu în Moldova, d. 1 44, 148, 1 5 0, Moldova ( 1 803 - 1 807) d. 2, 3 -9, 1 2 , 14-
1 54 4 1 , 44, 46-52, 54-57, 60, 62, 70, 72, 77,
Slobozia, localitate în Ţara Româ 80-88 , 96, 1 0 1 , 1 1 2 , 1 1 6, 1 1 7, 123, 1 24,
nească, d. 8 9 1 28
Smolensk, oraş în Rusia, d. 1 8 6 Suţu, familie domnitoare fanariotă în
Sofia, oraş în Bulgaria, d. 5 8 , 96, 1 82 Principate, d. 56, 96
Spalide, curier grec trimis de Ali Paşa Suţu Alexandru Aleco, mare dragoman
de Ianina la Taleyrand, d.96 al Porţii ( 1 802- 1 806), domn al Moldovei
Spania, d. 89, 9 1 , 9 5 , 98, 1 1 8, 1 20, (ianuarie 1 80 I -septembrie 1 802), al
1 25, 1 3 6, 1 44 Ţării Româneşti (august 1 806- 1 6
Spencer, George, conte -, Secretar de decembrie 1 806), d . 7 , 59, 62, 96
Stat pentru Afacerile Interne al Marii
Britanii ( 1 806- 1 807), d. 65 ş
Stadion - Thaunbausen, <Johann
Philipp>, conte de - ( 1 763- 1 824), <Şahir Ahmed paşa>, caimacam al
ambasador al Austriei la Stokholm, marelui vizir Ahmed paşa ( 1 8 1 2), d.
Berlin şi St. Petersburg ( 1 80 1 - 1 806), 181
apoi ministru de Externe ( 1 806), d.94, Şistov, cetate la Dwiăre, în Bulgaria, d.
97, 99 44, 8 1 , 96, 1 3 9, 142, 1 4 3 , 1 57
Stewart <John>, căpitan englez de Şumla, ayan de -, rebel ( 1 809) d. 8 1 ,
marină ( 1 809), d. 99 96, 1 08, 1 22 , 1 25 , 1 29, 1 34, 1 3 6-1 3 7,
Stratford, Canning, Sir Charles, 1 60, 1 82
secretar de ambasadă ( 1 809- 1 8 1 2 ), apoi
ministru ad-interim al Marii Britanii la T
Poartă ( 1 8 1 0 - 1 8 1 2), d. 1 00, 23, 1 26,
1 29, 1 30 - 1 75 Talleyrand <Charles Maurice> de -,
Straton, Alexander, ministru ad ( 1 7 54- 1 83 8 ), ministru de Externe al
interim al Marii Britanii la Poartă Franţei (iulie 1 797 - august 1 807), d.
( 1 803 - 1 808), d. 1 0 , 1 1 , 1 3 , 34, 46, 49, 34, 56, 96
96 Tatişcev, Dmitri Pavlovici, conte -
Stuart, Charles, ministru plenipotenţiar trimis extraordinar şi ministru
ad-interim al Marii Britanii la St. plenipotenţiar al Rusiei în Regatul de
Petersburg ( 1 806- 1 807), d. 73, 88 Neapole ( 1 805 - 1 808), d. 78
Stilrmer, lgnaz <Lorenz>, baron von Tawast <Johann Henrik�>, baron von
intemunţiu al Austriei la Poartă ( 1 802- -, general, trimis special al Suediei la
1 8 1 8) d. 89, 1 2 1 , 1 3 3 , 1 42 , 1 5 1 , 1 53 , Poartă ( 1 8 1 2), d. 1 75, 1 79, 1 80
1 57, 1 64
485
Tătari, în l3<1�ara1Jia ( B ugcac), d. 1 0, Ulanius, <Karl Karlovlcl>, general
55, 76 maior în armata rusă de la Dunăre
Teheran, oraş în Iran, d. 87 ( 1 806), d. 72, 8 1 , 96
Tersenikogl u, Ismall aga, aian de Ungaria, d. 96, 1 1 3
Rusciuk ( 1 80 1 ), d. 20, 2 1 , 23, 29, 56, Urziceni, localitate în Ţara Româ
60, 6 1 , 96 nească, d. 72
Tilsit, oraş în Prusia, d. 8 1 , 93, 1 1 1 , 148
Timişoara ( Temeşovara), oraş în V
Banat, d. 96
Throberg, conte englez ( 1 806) d. 54 Vaahid Efendi <Seyd Mehmed
To ma ra, Vassili S tepan ovici, trimis Emin> „<Nlshamci" (purtAtor de
extraordinar şi ministru plenipotenţiar sigiliu)>, negociator al păcii de la
al Rusiei la Poartă ( 1 2 aprilie 1 798-22 Dardanele între Marea Britanie şi
martie 1 803 ) , d. 1 , 96 Imperiul Otoman ( 1 808), d. 9 1 , 92, 99
Tooke Peter, tezaurier al ambasadei Varna, oraş în Bulgaria, d. 23-24, 48,
britanice la Poartă ( 1 803 ), d. 9 56, 58, 1 1 4, 125, 1 29, 147
Transilvania, provincie, d. 62, 96 Varşovia, mare ducat al ( 1 8 1 0), d.
-
Traversay, marchiz de -, emigrant 120

francez în serviciul militar al Rusiei Vasilachi, spătar din Moldova ( 1 805),
( 1 806), d. 72 d. 96
Triest, oraş în Italia, d. 96 <Văcărescu Barbu>, mare vomic în
Trott, Charles, curier extraordinar Ţara Românească ( 1 804), d. 58
englez ( 1 80 1 ), d. 5 Văcărescu Ecaterina, născută domniţa
Turnavitu din Craiova, în relaţii cu Fr. Caragea, văduva marelui ban Ianache -
�
S mmerers d. 96 din Ţara Românească>, boieroaică din
Turnu <Măgurele> (Kou/e'), cetate la Ţara Românească, d. 96
Dunăre în Ţara Românească, d. 96 Vidin, cetate, localitate în Bulgaria, d.
Tumu Roşu (Rothellturm, Tour 1 0, 1 1 , 23, 29, 56, 80, 8 1 , 96, 1 1 8, 146,
Rouge), localitate între Ţara Româ 1 48 ; paşă de - , vezi Pazvantoglu
nească şi Transilvania, d . 2 , 96 Viena, oraş d. 2, 4, 5, 8, 1 9, 24, 25,
Turtucaia, localitate în Dobrogea, d. 8 1 40, 44, 50, 55, 5 6, 62, 96, 1 1 0, 1�7.
Turcia, turci, vezi Imperiul Otoman passim
Tzisereff ( ! ) general rus, trimis la
, Von der Rennen, cancelist al agenţiei
armata lui Prozorovski la Iaşi ( 1 807), d. austriece la Bucureşti ( 1 806), d. 54
83
w
T
<Walmoden-Gimborn, Ludwig Graf
Ţara Romli11eascil, d. 1 , 1 1 - 1 3 , 22, 23, von ->, ministru plenipotenţiar şi trimis
32, 38-40, 42, 53, 54; passim extraordinar al Austriei la Londra
( 1 809), d. 1 1 0
u Wellesley, <Richard Colley>, lord -
Secretar de Stat pentru Afacerile
Ucraina, d. 56 Externe ale Marii Britanii ( 1 809- 1 8 1 2),
d. 1 1 3, 1 1 6, 1 20- 1 23, 1 26, 1 39-1 60, .
1 62- 1 64
486
Werther, <Heinrich>, baron von - , y
însărcinat cu afaceri al Prusiei la Poartă
( 1 8 10- 1 8 1 2), d. 1 1 8, 1 34 Yanaky, informator din Ţara
Werry (?), agent englez al Companiei Româneasca a lui F. Summerers ( 1 806),
Levantului ( 1 808), d. 86 d. 96
Wilson, Sir <Thomas> Robert, emisar <Yusuf Ziya paşa>, mare vizir otoman
englez trimis la Bucureşti la cartierul ( 1 798 1 805; 1 809- 1 8 1 1 ), d. 10, 13, 30,
lui Ciceagov ( 1 8 1 2), d. 1 78, 1 79, 1 84 8 1 , 96, 1 02, 1 1 1, 1 22, 125, 1 28, 1 33,
Withworth <Charles> Sir , apoi - 134, 135, 140
conte -, ministru plenipotenţiar, cu
misiuni speciale în Rusia (sfârşitul z
secolului XVIII -începutul secolului al
XIX-iea), d. 1 1 6 Zante, insulă greacă din grupul
Insulelor Ionice, d. 1 O, 1 52
Zimnicea, oraş în Ţara Româneascii., d.
171
487
Tipar: S.C. "PAPER PRINT INVEST" S.A.
Brăila, Şos. Baldovineşti nr.20
Tel./Fax. 0239/610210

Rapoarte Consulare Si Diplomatice Engleze Privind Principatele 2007

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Rapoarte Consulare Si Diplomatice Engleze Privind Principatele 2007

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

https://biblioteca-digitala.

Editor: t PAUL CERNOVODEANU

MUZEUL BRĂILEI I EDITURA ISTROS

Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale a României

I. Cernovodeanu, Paul (ed.)

©Toate drepturile asupra prezentei ediţii sunt rezervate Muzeului Brăilei,

ISBN (1O) 973-9469-84-1

STUDIU INTRODUCTIV ................ „ ................ VII

INDICE ............................................................... . 473

Istoricul relaţiilor dintre ţările române şi Anglia - cu excepţia

privitoare la domnia lui Alexandru Lăpuşneanu şi Jacob Erac/id Despotul, în

vol. V şi VI ale ambasadorului englez la Constantinopol, Sir Thomas Glover şi înaintate

12 Valorificat de Andrei Oţetea, Tudor Vladimirescu şi revoluţia din 1821, Bucureşti,

14 Interesele britanice în Europa de sud-est şi în regiunea Dunării de Jos la sfârşitul

3° Cu � excepţia corespondenţei din 1 80 1 (păstrată la National Library Scotland -

31 Mihail-Dimitri Sturdza, Dictionnaire historique et genealogique des grandes familles

Arbuthnot - să se împrumute cu 30 lire sterline de la Casa Pohn C0 Prior

42 Amănunte la Massimiliamo Pezzi, A::.pettando la pace. Jl levante ottomano nei

în favoarea lor, duce la o nouă schimbare a Comandamentului trupelor,

Wellesley propunerile unei alianţe tripartite între Austria, Franţa şi

47 Armand Goşu, Stratford Canning şi negocierile de pace de la Bucureşti (primăvara

48 Idem, Suedia şi proiectul "Marii diversiuni " antinapoleoniene în sud-estul Europei

Constantinopol, 1800, februarie 1 7

Lordul Thomas Elgin, ambasador al Marii Britanii la

. . . . Arnong the most powerful sources of influence which Russia

[Adresa:] The Right Hon<ora>ble

[Pe verso:] Constantinople, Feb<ruary> 1 7/1 799

Public Record Office, Foreign Office; Turkey, dos. 78/28, f. 1 50 - 1 54 v0 ,

Bucureşti, 1 801, martie 26

F. Summerers, emisar în Ţara Românească al ambasadorului

Academia Română, Arhiva Agenţiei austriece din Bucureşti 1 782 - 1808,

Bucureşti, 1801, mai 22

F. Summerers către agentul consular M. Merkelius, cu

Le soussigne presente ses hommages a Mr. de Merkelius Agent

Summerer < ! >

Bucureşti, 1 801, iunie 29

F. Summerers către M. Merkelius, cu rugămintea de a acorda un

Le soussigne Gentilhomme d' Ambassade de S<a> M <aj este>

Adresa: Mons<ieur> de Merkelius

Academia Română, Arhiva Agenţiei austriece din Bucureşti 1 782 - 1 808,

F. Summerers către M. Merkelius, cu rugămintea de a acorda un

Summerer ( ! ) prie instamment Mr. de Merkelisu de lui envoyer de

[Adresa:] A la tres respectueuse

Academia Română, Arhiva Agenţiei austriece din Bucureşti 1 782 - 1808,

Bucureşti, 1801, noiembrie 29

F. Summerers către M Merkelius, cu rugămintea de a interveni

L' Ambassadeur de S<a> M<ajeste> Britta<n>ique ( ! ) pres la

Academia Română, Arhiva Agenţiei austriece din Bucureşti 1 782 - 1808,

Braşov 1802 iulie 14

F. Summerers, fratele după mamă al consulului rus la Bucureşti

J'apprend dans ce moment avec la plus vive satisfaction par des

Cronstad 1 4 juillet 1 802

Academia Română, DCI I 1 47, orig. în 1 . franceză.

Bucureşti, 1802, decembrie 1 2

F. Summerer către Gabriele Antonio Severoli, nunţiu apostolic la

Archivio Segreto Vaticano, Archivio delia Nunziatura di Vienna, voi.

Constantinopol, 1 803, ianuarie 15

Lordul Th. Elgin către Secretarul de Stat pentru Afacerile

Public Record Office, Forei� Office, Turkey, dos. 78/3 8 f. 1 1 4 - 1 1 4 v0 ,

Pera, 1 803, februarie 1 O

Alexander Straton, ministru ad-interim al Marii Britanii la

[Pe verso: ] Rec<eive>d March 3 1 s t

Public Record Office, Foreign Office, Turkey, dos. 78/39, f. 7 - 1 O; orig.

Pera, 1 803, februarie 25