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ISBN 978-606-31-0000-0

MINISTERUL
MINISTERULEDUCAȚ�
EDUCAȚIEI
IEIȘ� NAȚ
I CERCET�
IONALERII

Comunicare în limba română


pentru școlile și secțiile cu predare în limba sârbă

clasa a II-a
ACEST MANUAL A FOST FOLOSIT DE:
Numele elevului care Anul Starea manualului*
Anul a primit manualul Clasa Şcoala şcolar la primire la returnare

1.
2.
3.
4.

* Starea manualului se va înscrie folosind termenii: nou, bun, îngrijit, nesatisfăcător, deteriorat.
Cadrele didactice vor controla dacă numele elevului este scris corect.
Elevii nu trebuie să facă niciun fel de însemnări pe manual.

Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale a României


JUPUNSCHI, VERA
Comunicare în limba română pentru școlile și secțiile cu predare
în limba sârbă: clasa a II-a / Vera Jupunschi, Iasmina Petrov. - Bucureşti:
Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică, 2019
ISBN 978-606-31-1029-0

I. Jupunschi, Vera

37

© E.D.P. 2020. Toate drepturile asupra acestei ediţii sunt rezervate Editurii Didactice şi Pedagogice, Bucureşti.
Orice preluare, parţială sau integrală, a textului sau a materialului grafic din această lucrare se face numai cu
acordul scris al editurii.
© Vera Jupunschi, Iasmina Petrov

EDITURA DIDACTICĂ ŞI PEDAGOGICĂ S.A.


Str. Spiru Haret nr. 12, sector 1, cod 010176, Bucureşti
Tel.: 021.315.38.20
Tel./fax: 021.312.28.85
e-mail: office@edituradp.ro
www.edituradp.ro
Librăria E.D.P.: Str. Gen. Berthelot nr. 28-30

Referent universitar: Lect. univ.dr. Andreici Țaran Mața


Referent preuniv: Prof. Lobonț Dorina-Maria

Redactori: Valentina Jercea, Delia Anghel


Tehnoredactori: Clanița Iadran, Cati-Narcizia Lupu,
Gabriela Drăghia
Coperta: Alin Casapu

Număr de plan: 64243/2019


Tiparul executat la Regia Autonomă Monitorul Oficial

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