Sistemul

respirator la
mamifere
Proiect biologie clasa a 10-a B
 Cuprins

01 02 03
Introducere Parti componente: Functii
Cai respiratorii:
1. Cavitati nazale
2. Faringe
3. Laringe
4. Trahee
5. Bronhii si bronhiole

Organe respiratorii:
Plamani
01
Introducere
 Fenomenul esenţial al respiraţiei este
reprezentat de oxidoreducerile celulare.La Sistemul
acesta se mai adaugă încă două fenomene respirator
ajutătoare: schimbul de gaze dintre mediul
intern şi mediul extern precum şi transportul
gazelor respiratorii.Sistemul respirator
îndeplineşte numai una din funcţiile
respiraţiei: schimbul de gaze.
 Structura lui esenţială este o membrană foarte
subţire situată între aer şi sânge. Ea este situată
în plămâni.Restul sistemului respirator are Cai Organe
rolul de a menţine aer proaspăt la nivelul respiratorii respiratorii
suprafeţei de schimb.La mamifere, sistemul
respirator este format din căi respiratorii
extrapulmonare şi plămâni.
 02
Parti componente
Din ce este alcatuit sistemul respitor?

01 02 03

Cavitati nazale Faringe Laringe

04 05 06
Bronhii si
Trahee Plamani
bronhiole
Cai respiratorii
Cavitati nazale
Definitie: Fosele nazale sunt două conducte antero-
posterioare simetrice, separate prin septul nazal.
Unde sunt situate?
Ele sunt situate inferior de baza craniului şi superior
de cavitatea bucală.
● Fosele nazale comunică antero-inferior cu
exteriorul prin orificiile narine (numite şi orificii
nazale anterioare), iar cu faringele, prin două
orificii, numite coane (sau nări interne).
● În jurul orificiilor narine sunt muşchii mimicii.
Structura
Mucoasa nazală are o structură deosebită în partea
superioară, la acest nivel aflându-se mucoasa olfactivă, care
conţine neuronii bipolari. De la aceste celule pleacă nervii
olfactivi.
Partea inferioară a mucoasei nazale se numeşte mucoasă
respiratorie. Ea este mai întinsă şi are o vascularizaţie
bogată. În structura sa prezintă un epiteliu cilindric ciliat
pseudostratificat.
Rol
Prin fosele nazale aerul ajunge in faringe,acestea avand
totodata un rol de filtrare a impuritatiilor.
 Faringe
Definitie: Faringele (din greaca veche φάρυγξ, phárynx,
„gât”) este un organ musculos căptușit cu o mucoasă
care se continuă în cavitatea bucală și nazală. Faringele
este o încrucișare a căilor aero-digestive (prin esofag și
prin laringe).
Structura
Faringele este impartit in trei regiuni:
a) Nazofaringe(partea din spate a căilor respiratorii
nazale). Functia lui consta in trecerea aerului inhalat in
laringe
b) Orofaringele(este situat între palatul moale și
limita superioară a epiglotei). Funcția sa este legată de
procesul voluntar și involuntar de înghițire.
 c)Laringofaringele(situat între marginea superioară a
epiglotei și limita inferioară a cartilajului cricoid (C6), unde
se conectează la esofag)

!Două tuburi mici, numite trompa lui Eustachio, conectează

urechea medie la faringe, pentru a egaliza presiunea aerului
asupra timpanului.

Rol
1.faringele leagă cavitatea bucala cu esofagul, permițând
trecerea bolusului alimentar prin înghițire;
2.faringele permite trecerea aerului dinspre nas in laringe;
Laringe
Trahee
Bronhii si bronhiole
Plamani
03.Functii
 Cele mai importante 4 functii
01 02
Absorbția oxigenului din exterior Filtrarea și umidificarea aerului care
prin mecanisme de ventilație și va intra în corp, precum și pentru
respirație celulară.
filtrarea moleculelor nedorite.
Unul dintre deșeurile procesului este
dioxidul de carbon care ajunge în
sânge, trece în plămâni și este
îndepărtat din corp în atmosferă.
 03

Regleaza pH-ul fluidele corporale - controlând

indirect - concentrația de CO2, păstrându-l sau
eliminându-l. Pe de altă parte, este implicat în
reglarea temperaturii, secreției de hormoni din
plămâni și ajută sistemul olfactiv în detectarea
mirosurilor.
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333,000
The Sun’s mass compared to Earth’s

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Mercury Venus Mars

Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful name Despite being red, Mars is
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Denmark
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Trachea Bronchus
Mercury is the closest Jupiter is the biggest
planet to the Sun planet of them all

Inferior lobe Medium lobe

Venus has a beautiful Saturn is a gas giant
name and is hot with several rings
 Study organizer
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Day 1 Done Done - -

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 Common respiratory diseases
25% 20%
Bronchitis Asthma
Saturn is a gas giant Mercury is the
with rings smallest planet

45% 10%
Stuffy nose Pneumonia
Jupiter is the biggest Venus has very high
planet temperatures

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 Bad habits

Smoking Pollution No sport Get cold Nutrition

Mercury is the Venus has high Jupiter is the Saturn is a gas Mars is full of iron
smallest planet temperatures biggest planet giant with rings oxide dust
 Good habits

No smoking Doing sport Good diet Get warm

Mercury is the smallest Venus has high Jupiter is the biggest Saturn is a gas giant
planet temperatures planet of them all with rings
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