Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
(USAMV IAI)
Iai, 2012
CUPRINS:
Denumirea proiectului
pg.
Introducere ..................................................................................................... ....3
Lista speciilor de plante vasculare care sunt prevzute de legislaia de
carantin din Romnia sau sunt recomandate pentru a fi luate n
considerare n cadrul legislaiei de carantin.............................................. ... 4
Scurt prezentare a buruienilor de carantin invazive pe teritoriul Romniei
..................................................................................................................... ..11
Ambrosia artemisiifolia ... ..11
Cuscuta campestris . ..14
Sorghum halepense . ..17
Sicyos angulatus . ..20
Bibliografie .................................................................................................... ..22
Introducere
Tabelul 1
0
Sida spinosa L.
1
Malv
2
Am S
3
acc
4
neo
5
c
6
RO-1, EPPOOL
RO-1, 2, 4;
EPPO-OL
RO-1, 2, 4, 9;
EPPO-OL
Solanum carolinense
Sola
Am N
acc neo
c
L.
Solanum rostratum
Sola Am N, C acc neo
c
Dunal
Solanum triflorum
Nutt. var. ponticum
Sola
Am N
acc neo
n
RO-1, 2, 4;
(Prodan) Borza
EPPO-OL
Sola
Am N
acc neo
n
RO-1, 2, 4;
Solanum triflorum
Nutt. var. triflorum
EPPO-OL
B. Specii prevzute de legislaia de carantin fitosanitar, absente n flora
spontan din Romnia
Acroptilon repens (L.)
RO-1, 2, 9;
DC.
Aste
As
EPPO-IAP;
GISD
RO-1, 4, 9
Helianthus
Aste Am N
laetiflorus Pers.
Acanthospermum
Aste
Am S
RO-1
hispidum DC.
Arceuthobium
RO-1...8;
abietinum Engelm. ex Visca
EPPO-A1
Am N
Munz
Arceuthobium
RO-14,
americanum Nutt. ex Visca
Am N
68; EPPOEngelm.
A1
Arceuthobium
RO-18;
campylopodum
Visca
Am N
EPPO-A1
Engelm.
Arceuthobium
cyanocarpum (A.
Visca
Am N
RO-18;
EPPO-A1
Nelson ex Rydb.) A.
Nelson
Arceuthobium
Visca
Am N
RO-18
douglasii Engelm.
Arceuthobium
microcarpum
Visca
Am N
RO-14, 68
(Engelm.) Hawksw. &
Wiens
0
1
Arceuthobium pusillum Visca
Peck
Arceuthobium
vaginatum (Humb. &
Bonpl. ex Willd.) J.
Presl
Croton capitatus
Michx.
Diodia teres Walter
Emex australis Steinh.
Emex spinosa (L.)
Campd.
Euphorbia dentata
Michx.
Helianthus
californicus DC.
Helianthus ciliaris DC.
Helianthus petiolaris
Nutt.
Helianthus scaberimus
Benth.
Iva axillaris Pursh.
2
Am N
6
RO-14, 68
Visca
Am N
RO-14, 68
Euph
Am N
RO-1
Rubi
Poly
Poly
Am N
Afr
Md
RO-1
RO-1
RO-1
Euph
Am N, C
RO-1
Aste
Am N
RO-1, 2, 9
Aste
Aste
Am N
Am N
RO-1, 2, 4, 9
RO-1, 4, 9
Aste
Am N
RO-1
Aste
Am N
RO-1, 2, 4
Jacquemontia
Conv Am N, S
RO-1
tamnifolia (L.) Griseb.
Oenothera laciniata
Hill (sub Raimania
RO-1, 2
Oeno
Am N
laciniata Hill)
Solanum
Sola Am N, S
RO-1, 2, 4;
elaeagnifolium Cav.
EPPO-A2
Striga sp.
Scro
Afr ?
RO-1, 2, 4
C. Specii absente n flora spontan din Romnia, recomandate de ctre
EPPO pentru includerea n legislaia de carantin
Arceuthobium
campylopodum
Visca
Am N
EPPO-A1
Engelm. f tsugensis
(Rosend.) L. S. Gill
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Arceuthobium
campylopodum
Visca
Am N
EPPO-A1
Engelm. f. laricis
(Piper) L. S. Gill
EPPO-A1
Arceuthobium
Visca
Am N
divaricum Engelm.
Arceuthobium
Visca
As
EPPO-A1
minutissimum Hook. f.
Arceuthobium
Visca
Am N
EPPO-A1
occidentale Engelm.
EPPO-A2
Crassula helmsii
Cras
(Kirk) Cockayne
Austr
Heracleum persicum Apia
EPPO-A2
Desf.
As
Hydrocotyle
Aral As, Afr,
EPPO-A2
ranunculoides L. f.
Am N, S
Ludwigia grandiflora
(Michx.) Greuter &
EPPO-A2
Oeno Am N, S
Burdet
Ludwigia peploides
Oeno Austr, Am
EPPO-A2
(Kunth) P. H. Raven
N, S
Persicaria perfoliata Poly
As
EPPO-A2
(L.) H. Gross
Pueraria montana
(Lour.) Merr. var.
lobata (Willd.) Maesen Faba
As
EPPO-A2
& S. M. Almeida ex
Sanjappa & Predeep
D. Specii absente n flora spontan din Romnia, dar considerate invazive
sau potenial invazive de ctre EPPO
Akebia quinata
Lard
As
EPPO-OL
(Houtt.) Decne.
Alternanthera
philoxeroides (Mart.) Amar
Am S
EPPO-IAP
Griseb.
Amelanchier spicata
Rosa
Am N
EPPO-IAP
(Lam.) K. Koch
Andropogon virginicus Poac Am N, C
EPPO-AL
L.
0
Myriophyllum
heterophyllum Michx.
Nassella neesiana
(Trin. & Rupr.)
Barkworth
Nassella tenuissima
(Trin.) Barkworth
Nassella trichotoma
(Nees) Hack. ex
Arechav.
Oxalis pes-caprae L.
Parthenium
hysterophorus L.
Pennisetum setaceum
(Forssk.) Chiov.
Rhododendron
ponticum L.
Salvinia molesta D. S.
Mitch.
Sesbania punicea
(Cav.) Benth.
Solidago nemoralis
Aiton
2
Am N
Poac
Am S
EPPO-OL
Poac
Am N, S
EPPO-OL
Poac
Am S
EPPO-OL
Oxal
Aste
Afr
Am N, S
subtrop
Md
EPPO-IAP
EPPO-AL
Eric
6
EPPO-IAP
EPPO-IAP
EPPO-OL
As V, Eur
SE
Salv
trop,
subtrop
Faba
Am S
EPPO-IAP
Aste
EPPO-OL
Am N
EPPO-OL
Legenda:
Coloana 1. Fam.-Familii botanice (Acan-Acanthaceae, Aizo-Aizoaceae, AmarAmaranthaceae, Apia-Apiaceae, Apoc-Apocynaceae, Arac-Araceae, Aral-Araliaceae,
Aste-Asteraceae, Conv-Convolvulaceae, Cras-Crassulaceae, Cucu-Cucurbitaceae,
Cusc-Cuscutaceae, Eric-Ericaceae, Euph-Euphorbiaceae, Faba-Fabaceae, HaloHaloragaceae, Hydr-Hydrocharitaceae, Lard-Lardizabalaceae, Lili-Liliaceae, MalvMalvaceae, Oeno-Oenotheraceae, Oxal-Oxalidaceae, Poac-Poaceae, PolyPolygonaceae, Prot-Proteaceae, Rosa-Rosaceae, Rubi-Rubiaceae, Salv-Salviniaceae,
Scro-Scrophulariaceae, Sola-Solanaceae, Visca-Viscaceae);
Coloana 2. Originea: -taxon cu origine hibrid, Afr-Africa, Am C-America Central,
Am N-America de Nord, Am S-America de Sud, As E-estul Asiei, As V-vestul Asiei,
As-Asia, Austr-Australia, Eur-Europa, Md-regiunea mediteranean, subtrop-regiunile
subtropicale, trop-regiunile tropicale;
Coloana 3. Intr-modul de introducere (acc-accidental, hort-introdus deliberat, ca plant
cultivat, n horticultur, colecii tiinifice etc.);
Coloana 4. Categ.-categoria (neo-neofit, plant introdus n timpurile recente);
Coloana 6. Statut: c-plant cu caracter ocazional n Romnia, i-plant cu caracter invaziv
n Romnia, n-plant naturalizat n Romnia;
1
Apoc
2
Am S
6
EPPO-OL
Lili
Afr S
EPPO-AL
Aste
Am N, S
EPPO-IAP
Aizo
Afr
EPPO-IAP
Aizo
Afr
EPPO-IAP
Poac
Am S
EPPO-IAP
Aste
Poac
Afr
Afr trop
EPPO-IAP
EPPO-OL
Aste
Am S
EPPO-OL
Prot
Austr
EPPO-IAP
Acan
As
EPPO-IAP
Hydr
Afr
EPPO-IAP
Arac
Am N
EPPO-OL
Poac
As
EPPO-IAP
Poac
As
EPPO-AL
Halo
Am S
EPPO-IAP
1
Halo
Poac
0
Araujia sericifera
Brot.
Asparagus
asparagoides (L.)
Druce
Baccharis halimifolia
L.
Carpobrotus
acinaciformis (L.) L.
Bolus
Carpobrotus edulis
(L.) N. E. Br.
Cortaderia selloana
(Schult. & Schult. f.)
Asch. & Graebn.
Delairea odorata Lem.
Eragrostis curvula
(Schrad.) Nees
Gymnocoronis
spilanthoides (D. Don
ex Hook. & Arn.) DC.
Hakea sericea Schrad.
& J. C. Wendl.
Hygrophila
polysperma (Roxb.) T.
Anderson
Lagarosiphon major
(Ridl.) Moss
Lysichiton americanus
Hultn & H. St. John
Microstegium
vimineum (Trin.) A.
Camus
Miscanthus sinensis
Andersson
Myriophyllum
aquaticum (Vell.)
Verdc.
10
RSPNDIRE
Arealul natural: America de Nord.
11
12
[Srbu 2003], uneori de-a lungul cursurilor de ap (Bahlui, Nicolina) [Srbu &
Oprea 2011].
IMPACT
A. artemisiifolia manifest tendina de invadare a culturilor agricole, unde
poate produce pagube deosebite [Anghel et al. 1972; Srbu 2003 ; Srbu & Oprea
2011]. n Europa central, A. artemisiifolia este buruian n culturi de porumb,
cereale, cartof, sfecl de zahr, totui, predomin n culturile de floarea soarelui
[Wittenberg 2005]. n culturile de cartof pierderile produse de A. artemisiifolia
se ridic la 30%; pierderile sunt mult mai mari (pn la 70%) n culturile
plantelor de talie mic (spre exemplu, sfecla) [Brandes & Nitzsche 2006].
Datorit polenului alergenic, produs n cantitate foarte mare n perioada
nfloririi. A. artemisiifolia este considerat una dintre cele mai vtmtoare
plante care produc alergii (febra fnului, dermatite) [opa & Bocaiu 1965;
Vicol 1971; Frankton & Mulligan 1974; Basset & Crompton 1975;
Medzihradszky & Jrai-Komldi 1995; Rybniek & Jger 2001; Pinke et al.
1995; Hulina 1995; Puc 2004; Ianovici & Srbu 2007 etc.].
MANAGEMENT
Necesitatea monitorizrii atente a rspndirii acestei specii n ara noastr
este obligatorie, odat cu ntreprinderea msurilor necesare pentru stvilirea
invaziei sale [opa & Bocaiu 1965; Vicol 1971; Zvorteanu & Dinescu 2005
etc.]. n Romnia planta a fost cuprins n lista buruienilor de carantin n anul
1972 [Anghel et al. 1972], dar dup cum constat i ali autori [Dihoru 2004],
msurile de prevenire i control a invaziei sale fie au lipsit complet, fie au fost
ineficiente [Srbu & Oprea 2011].
RSPNDIRE
Arealul natural: America de Nord.
Rspndire general: este rspndit n ntreaga lume [Buia, in
Svulescu 1960; Butkov 1974/1953; Bischof 1977; Holm et al. 1997; Costea et
al. 2006]. n Europa este rspndit pn la latitudinea de 60N (Suedia) [Holm
et al. 1997].
Prima semnalare n Romnia: Buia (1938): rspndit n ntreaga ar.
Introdus, probabil, cu mult timp nainte.
13
14
15
16
- costrei, blur, sorg de Alep, baldr / Johnsongrass Fam. Poaceae, Ord. Poales, Clasa Liliopsida, ncreng. Magnoliophyta
Plant erbacee, peren, cu rizomi i stoloni; tulpini erecte, de 100150(200) cm nlime; frunze liniar-lanceolate, cu teci cilindrice, despicate,
ligul scurt, proas; spiculee grupate n panicul terminal; la fiecare nod al
ramurilor paniculului se afl cte 2 spiculee mascule, pedunculate i un spicule
hermafrodit, sesil; fructe psseudocariopse.
RSPNDIRE
Arealul natural: nordul Africii, Asia Mic i probabil n sudul Europei
(regiunea est-mediteranean).
Rspndire general: specie larg rspndit ca buruian n Europa,
America de Nord, Africa, Asia de sud-vest i est, America de Sud, Australia,
ntre 55N i 45S [Behrendt 1977; Clayton, in Tutin et al. 1980; Pheloung et al.
1999; Howard 2004; Ali & Qaiser 2001].
Prima semnalare n Romnia: Heuffel (1858), din Banat.
17
18
19
21
Sicyos angulatus L.
- / bur-cucumber Fam. Cucurbitaceae, Ord. Cucurbitales, Clasa Magnoliopssida, ncreng.
Magnoliophyta.
Plant anual, agtoare prin crcei ramificai, cu tulpini de peste 6-7 m
lungime; frunze peiolate, alterne, adnc cordate, 3-5 lobate; florile sunt
unisexuate, repartizate monoic, cele mascule n raceme scurte i dense, lung
pedunculate, cele femele n capitule scurt pedunculate; caliciul campanulat,
corola campanulat, gamopetal, alb-verzuie, stamine 1-3, unite, gineceu cu
ovar inferior, concrescut cu receptaculul globulos, setos-pros; fructe ovate,
lanat-proase, setiform spinuloase.
RSPNDIRE
Arealul natural: America de Nord.
Rspndire general: Europa (mai ales n regiunile centrale, de sud i
est), n plin expansiune [Tutin, in Tutin et al. 1968; EPPO-IAP]. n afara
Europei, este adventiv n Ins. Caraibe i Asia de est [Pheloung et al. 1999;
EPPO-IAP].
Prima semnalare n Romnia: la nceputul secolului al XIX-lea, n
Transilvania [Baumgarten 1816].
Statutul actual n Romnia: specie naturalizat, pe alocuri invaziv n
Maramure, Criana, Transilvania, Banat, mai rar n Muntenia, Moldova i
Dobrogea [Srbu & Oprea 2011].
BIOLOGIE
Forma biologic: Terofit (T).
Modaliti de nmulire: prin semine.
Perioada de nflorire: VII-X [Ciocrlan 2009].
Polenizare: entomofil.
Perioada de fructificare: IX-X.
Prolificitate (nr. semine/individ): peste 42.000 semine [EPPO-IAP].
Modaliti de diseminare: antropochor, barochor, hidrochor,
epizoochor.
ECOLOGIE
Preferinele fa de factorii ecologici: S. angulatus prefer solurile
aluviale, luto-argiloase, fertile, bine aprovizionate n ap, cu valori variate ale
reaciei solului; nu tolereaz seceta, mai ales n prima parte a perioadei de
vegetaie; crete n plin soare; nu suport umbrirea dect parial [EPPO-IAP].
Habitate invadate (Clasificare EUNIS): E5.1 Anthropogenic herb
stands, E5.4 Moist or wet tall-herb and fern fringes and meadows, G1
Broadleaved deciduous woodland. Se ntlnete mai frecvent pe malurile
20
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