Diateza pasiva

(passive voice) -prezentare -

formare

Fiecare timp are o schema de formare la diateza activa (vezi schemele de la timpurile verbale) si o schema de formare la diateza pasiva, ce vor fi prezentate mai jos. In diateza activa subiectul este cel care face actiunea.(ex.:Mama uda florile). In diateza pasiva actiunea se rasfrange asupra subiectului.(ex. Florile sunt udate de mama).

observatii
a absolut toate timpurile verbul este la forma a treia (cel nere!ulat) sau cu terminatia "-ed# (cel re!ulat). $e se schimba pentru fiecare timp este ceea ce exista intre subiect si verb. In limba romana exista cel putin % modalitati de a exprima o actiune la diateza pasiva (se va ilustra la exemple). In limba en!leza se respecta doar schema timpului respectiv. &imboluri: 'erb forma a treia sau cu terminatia "-ed#() V(III)/ V(-ed)

Present Simple
*firmativ: & + am,is,are + '(III), '(-ed) .e!ativ : & + am,is,are + not+ '(III), '(-ed).. Intero!ativ: am,is,are + & + '(III), '(-ed)-/ 0x.: ectia este scrisa zilnic., &e scrie lectia zilnic. 1he lesson is 2ritten dail3. 'asele nu sunt spalate in fiecare seara., .u se spala vasele in fiecare seara. 1he dishes aren4t 2ashed ever3 evenin!.

Present Continuous
*firmativ: & + am,is,are + bein! + '(III), '(-ed) .e!ativ: &+ am,is,are + not + bein! + '(III), '(-ed) Intero!ativ: am,is,are + & + bein! + '(III), '(-ed)-/

0x.: ectia este scrisa acum., &e scrie lectia acum. 1he lesson is bein! 2ritten no2. 'asele nu sunt spalate acum., .u se spala vasele acum. 1he dishes are not bein! 2ashed no2.

Past Simple

*firmativ: & + 2as,2ere + '(III), '(-ed).e!ativ: & + 2as,2ere + not + '(III), '(-ed)Intero!ativ: 5as,2ere + & + '(III), '(-ed)-/

0x.: ectia a fost scrisa ieri., &-a scris lectia ieri. 1he lesson 2as 2ritten 3esterda3. 'asele nu au fost spalate acum % ore., .u s-au spalat vasele acum % ore. 1he dishes 2eren4t 2ashed t2o hours a!o.

Past Continuous

*firmativ: & + 2as,2ere + bein! + '(III), '(-ed).e!ativ: & + 2as,2ere + not + bein! + '(III), '(-ed)Intero!ativ: 5as,2ere + & + bein! + '(III), '(-ed)-/

0x.: ectia era scrisa (&e scria lectia) ieri pe vremea asta. 1he lesson 2as bein! 2ritten at this time 3esterda3.

'asele nu erau spalate ('asele nu se spalau) ieri pe vremea asta. 1he dishes 2ere not bein! 2ashed at this time 3esterda3.

Present Perfect Simple

*firmativ: & + have,has + been + '(III), '(-ed).e!ativ: & + have,has + not + been + '(III), '(-ed)Intero!ativ: 6ave,has + & + been + '(III), '(-ed)-/

0x: &-a scris lectia. 1he lesson has been 2ritten. .u s-au spalat vasele. 1he dishes haven4t been 2ashed.

Past Perfect Simple

*firmativ: & + had+ been + '(III), '(-ed).e!ativ: & + had + not + been + '(III), '(-ed)Intero!ativ: 6ad + & + been + '(III), '(-ed)-/

0x.: &e scrisese lectia inainte de ora 7. 1he lesson had been 2ritten b3 six o4cloc8. .u se spalasera vasele inainte de ora 7. 1he dishes hadn4t been 2ashed b3 six o4cloc8.

uture Simple

*firmativ: & + 2ill + be + '(III), '(-ed).e!ativ: & + 2ill + not + be + '(III),'(ed)Intero!ativ: 5ill + & + be + '(III), '(ed)-/ 9bservatie: 2ill + not ( 2on4t

0x.: &e va scrie lectia. 1he lesson 2ill be 2ritten. .u se vor spala vasele. 1he dishes 2on4t be 2ashed.

uture Continuous

*firmativ: & + 2ill + be + bein! + '(III), '(-ed).e!ativ: & + 2ill + not + be + bein! + '(III), '(-ed)Intero!ativ: 5ill + & + be + bein! + '(III), '(-ed)-/

0x.: &e va scrie lectia maine pe vremea asta. 1he lesson 2ill be bein! 2ritten at this time tomorro2. .u se vor spala vasele maine pe vrema asta. 1he dishes 2on4t be bein! 2ashed at this time tomorro2.

uture Perfect

*firmativ: & + 2ill + have + been + '(III), '(-ed).e!ativ: & + 2ill + not +have + been + '(III),'(-ed)Intero!ativ: 5ill + & + have+ been + '(III), '(-ed)-/

0x.: &e va scrie lectia pana la ora :. 1he lesson 2ill have been 2ritten b3 seven c4cloc8. .u se vor spala vasele pana la ora :. 1he dishes 2on4t have been 2ashed b3 seven c4cloc8.

!going to" uture

*firmativ: & + am,is,are + !oin! to be + '(III), '(-ed).e!ativ: & + am,is,are + not !oin! to be + '(III),'(ed)Intero!ativ: am,is,are + & + !oin! to be + '(III), '(ed)-/

0x.: &e intentioneaza scrierea lectiei. 1he lesson is !oin! to be 2ritten. .u se intentioneaza spalarea vaselor. 1he dishes aren4t !oin! to be 2ashed.

uture-in-the-Past

*firmativ: & + 2ould + be + '(III), '(-ed).e!ativ: & + 2ould + not + be + '(III),'(ed)Intero!ativ: 2ould + & + be + '(III), '(ed)-/

0x.: 0l a intrebat daca se va scrie lectia. 6e as8ed if the lesson 2ould be 2ritten. .oi am spus ca nu se vor spala vasele. 5e said that the dishes 2ouldn4t be 2ashed.

Verbe modale (can# ma$# must# should etc%)

*firmativ: & + modal + be + '(III), '(-ed).e!ativ: & + modal + not + be + '(III),'(ed)Intero!ativ: modal + & + be + '(III), '(ed)-/

0x.:

ectia trebuie scrisa pana la ora :. 1he lesson must be 2ritten b3 seven c4cloc8. .u ar trebui sa fie spalate vasele a doua zi. 1he dishes shouldn4t be 2ashed the next da3. 'asele ar putea fi spalate repede. 1he dishes could be 2ashed ;uic8l3.