Atlas of Canine and Feline Oncocytomorphology

-:.. ......
Contributia autorilor la realizarea prezentului ATLAS este:

Nicolae Manolescu 40%
Emilia Balint
60%
Authors contribution for achievement of this ATLAS is:
Nicolae Manolescu 40%
Emilia Balint
60%
Reproducerea interzisa. Toate drepturile apartin autorilor.

Reproduction prohibited. All rights reserved to the autors.
Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Nalionale a Romaniei

Atlas de oncocitomorfologie la canide ~i feline - Atlas of canine and
feline oncocytomorfology. - Bucure~ti : Curtea Veche, 2009
ISBN 978-973-1983-26-4
619
Editura Curtea Veche

Str. Echinoctiului nr. 57, Sector 5, 050206, Bucure~ti
Editura acreditata CNCSIS (Consiliul National al Cercetarii $tiintifice din invatamantul Superior)
cod 65/2008
Tipografia CURTEA VECHE TRADING S.R.L.
Responsabilitatea pentru continutull?tiintific
revine In exclusivitate autorilor
al cartii
INTRODUCERE
Un atlas despre citopatologia oncologica la caine 9i pisica este rar Intalnit In
literatura de specialitate, Insa acest volum speram sa fie un ghid extrem de util
speciali9tilor
medici veterinari oncologi pentru elaborarea
unui diagnostic
pozitiv 9i
diferentialln oncopatiile maligne, la cele doua specii de animale. Pentru colectivul nostru
acest lucru se Inscrie ca 0 veritabila provocare, din care se spera sa ie9im In cele mai
bune conditii, cu sufragiile unei activitati bine facute, Implinite, deoarece, pentru ambii
autori exista 0 imensa motivatie.
Motivatiile noastre sunt legate de necesitatea ca medicii veterinari speciali9ti In
anatomie patologica 9i/sau oncologie, care sunt dedicati citodiagnosticului oncologic, sa
posede un material mai mult sau mai putin complet, care sa-i poata ajuta la elaborarea
diagnosticului de oncologie maligna la animalele de companie.
Lucrari expasate,
cu subiecte
punctiforme,
care trateaza aspecte ale
citodiagnosticului folosit atat In medicina veterinara cat 9i In cea umana au fost publicate
In ultimii 50 de ani 9i Inca se mai publica. Primul tratat care a abordat problematica
citodiagnosticului In oncologia umana a fost publicat In Romania, In 1968, In Editura
Medicala sub semnatura unui eminent colectiv de speciali9ti, In frunte cu marele citologoncolog Dr. V. lonescu.
Un astfel de elaborat In tara noastra, pentru oncologia veterinara nu a fost publicat
pana In momentul de fata. Avand 0 experienta care Insumeaza peste jumatate de secol,
fiind In acela9i timp experimentator, anatomo-patolog, oncolog, clinician 9i terapeut, am
putut observa dezvoltarea unor procese canceroase de la 0 unica celula pana la
constituirea unei tumori. Acestea ne permit astazi sa ne exprimam pareri decisive In
aprecierea 9i situarea citodiagnosticului In practica medical-veterinara, ca 0 valoare
intrinseca, cat 9i situarea corecta a acesteia In competitie cu alte mijloace de diagnostic,
de care profesia noastra dispune.
Prin colaborarea mea cu d-na Dr. Emilia Balint, eleva prestigioasa, medic oncolog
specialist, care de peste 15 ani practica zilnic, atat diagnosticul, cat 9i toate elementele
specifice Invatamantului 9i cercetarii 9tiintifice In domeniul oncologiei comparate, am
reu9it printr-o activitate continua 9i asidua sa strangem materialul propriu, din cadrul cazuisticii noastre, pe care II prezentam sub forma de atlas.
In cele ce urmeaza dorim sa prezentam avantajele, dar 9i Iimitele practicarii
citodiagnosticului In general 9i al animalelor de companie In special.
In cadrul avantajelor putem enumera:
1) Punctia aspirativa (biopunctia) este cea mai facila abordare a unei formatiuni
tumorale sau a unui tesut, fara nici un fel de risco
NiCOLAE
MANOLESCU,
EMILIA BALINT
2) Frotiurile obtinute din punctii sau amprentele obtinute din tumori excizate, se
coloreaza simplu ~i rapid (MGG sau alte metode) (Intre 5-30 minute).
3) Citologul poate stabili un diagnostic diferentiallntre un proces inflamator acut
sau cronic; un proces discrazic; un proces tumoral benign fata de unul malign
astfel identificand ~i precizand baza celulara a proliferarii tumorale.
4) Citologic se poate stabili G-ul celular al unei proliferari maligne.
5) Citologul poate dimensiona raportul dintre celulele In diviziune fata de totalul
celulelor tumorale, stabilind astfel gradul de malignitate.
6) Se poate alcatui mitograma, fazele mitozei cat ~i frecventa In populatia celulara
a celulelor In amitoza.
7) Citologul stabile~te gradul ~i tipologia celulelor implicate activ In raspunsul
imun al macroorganismului.
8) In cazul limfomului malign, citologul
fenomenului de descarcare citemica.
stabile~te
existenta
sau absenta
9) Citodiagnosticul este metoda de electie pentru studiul morfologic al sangelui

periferic total ~i alleucoconcitratului, In special.
10) Reprezinta de asemenea metoda de electie utilizata pentru investigarea
maduvei hematopoietice, a lichidelor din cavitatile preformate (peritoneu,
pleura, pericard ), inclusiv cavitatea articulara.
11) Punctatul
permite In mod deosebit completarea investigatiilor citochimice,

citoenzimatice ~i de folosire a tehnicilor de fluorescenta.
La toate aceste avantaje deosebite retinem ~i limite/e, acestei tehnici. Acestea
sunt:
1) Examenul citologic trebuie completat cu examenul histopatologic, deoarece
acesta din urma precizeaza gradul de infiltrare a procesului tumoral, relatia cu
pachetul vascular existent In parenchimul tumorii (vase limfatice, capilare,
vene, artere) ~i eventuala lor trombozare partiala cu embolusuri tumorale.
2) Examenul citologic nu este suficient pentru 0 apreciere a TNM-ului, comparativ
cu examenul anatomo-histologic.
3) Examenul histopatologic ofera relatii concludente, cu privire la gradul de
evolutie al unei leziuni displazice simple, displazice agravate, carcinom
intraepitelial, carcinom microinvaziv, carcinom invaziv, etc.
Desigur ca examenul histopatologic ramane pe soclu, ca metoda de baza la care
se apeleaza constant ~i perfect conclusiv, dar pentru ca examenul citomorfologic ne
ofera un diagnostic rapid, trebuie impus ca metoda de baza, permitand clinicianului
instituirea celei mai adecvate terapii anticanceroase.
Trebuie sa ne obi~nuim ~i deci sa introducem In practica dezideratul major pentru
animalele de companie (caine ~i pisica) a termenului de "urgenta. terapeutica.
Atlas de oncocitomorfologie
la canide $i feline / Atlas of canine and feline oncocytomorphology
oncologica". Acest termen se justifica perfect 1inand cont ca 6-7 ani de via1a la om
reprezinta numai un an de via1a pentru animalele de companie. Daca facem un calcul
simplu, 0 zi de via1a la caine ~i pisica reprezinta 0 saptamana din via1a omului. Deci 10
zlle in medie, intarziere cauzata de durata examenului histopatologic, reprezinta de fapt,
pentru aceste specii 0 intarziere de circa 2 luni, pana la instituirea terapiei adecvate.
Poate fi prea tarziu, in acest rastimp putand sa apara fie recidive locoregionale, cat ~i
metastaze la distan1a. Acestea sunt argumentele ~i motiva1ii1e care ne-au asigurat
"combustibilul cel mai nobil", absolut indispensabil propulsiei pentru realizarea
prezentului elaborat. Pentru introducerea in practica larga a dezideratelor de mai sus,
este imperios necesar a organiza un judicios inva1amant post universitar de oncologie
comparata, care sa pregateasca adevara1i oncologi medici veterinari, condu~i de
cadrele didactice care fac parte din ~coala noastra.
Autorii
INTRODUCTION
The subject "Cytomorphological aspects in canine and feline oncology" is rarely
encountered in literature; nevertheless we hope that this guide will be extremely useful to
all veterinarians who are specialize in oncology and who are supposed to make a positive
and differential diagnosis of the malignant oncopathy to the two species. For our team
this atlas is entered as a true challenge, which is hoped to get out the best conditions, the
satisfaction of a well made, fulfilled, because, for both authors there is a huge motivation.
Our motivations are related to the fact that veterinarians specialize in pathological
anatomy and/or oncology and who are committed to the oncological cytodiagnosis
. should have at their disposal a material that is more or less complete and that can help
them to elaborate the diagnosis of malignant oncology in pets.
Over the last 50 years, several papers and books, with punctual topics, dealing with
aspects of the cytodiagnosis used both in human and veterinary medicine have been
published. The firs book that approached the problematics of the cytodiagnosis in the
human oncology was published in Romania in 1968 by the Medical Publishing House,
under the signature of a preeminent team of specialists led by the great Romanian
oncologist Dr.V.lonescu.
Such a treaty drafted in our country, for veterinary oncology has not been published
until now. With an experience which amount to over half a century, being an
experimenter, a clinician, a therapist and anatomo-pathologist, , we could see the
development of cancerous processes from a single cell up to the formation of tumors.
This allows me now to express my opinion in critical appreciation and location
cytodiagnosis in medical and veterinary practice as an intrinsic value and the correct
location in competition with other means of diagnosis that our profession has.
The same is valid for my collaborator, Dr. Emilia Balint, who was a brilliant student,
and who is at present a veterinarian specialized in oncology. For more than thirteen
years, she has been making diagnoses daily; she has also been making use of all the
elements specific to the scientific research in the domain of comparative oncology.
What follows is a list of the advantages and disadvantages of the practice of
cytodiagnosis, in general, with special reference to pets.
The advantages of cytodiagnosis
1) The aspiration punction (biopunction) is the easiest approach to a tumor or to a
tissue, with no risk whatsoever.
2) The smears obtained from punctions or the tissue prints obtained from the
excised tumors are fast and easy to colorate (MGG or other techniques)
(maxim 30', in case of emergency in 5").
la can ide $i feline / Atlas of canine and feline oncocytomorphology
3) The cytologist establishes the presence of a chronic, acute inflammatory

process,' a dyscrasic process, the presence of a benign tumoral process by
differentiating it from a tumoral malignant process, by identifying the cellular
base of its proliferation.
4) The cellular G of a malign proliferation can be established.
5) The cytologist can assess the ratio of the cells in division to the total of tumoral
cells.
6) It draws up the mitogram, the stages of the mitosis as well as the frequency
within the cellular population of cells in amitosis.
7) The cytologist can assess the degree and the typology of the cells actively
involved in the immune answer of the macro-organism.
8) In the case of the malignant lymphoma the cytologist establishes whether the
phenomenon of citemic discharge is present.
9) The cytodiagnosis is the method of election for the study of the peripherical
blood, especially for underlining the leukemia-like
reactions and the
leucocitoconcentrate .
10) It is also the method of election for the investigation of the hematopoetic spine,
of the liquids within the pre-formed cavities ( peritoneum, pleura, pericardium),
the articulary cavity inclusively.
11) Of particular importance is the fact that it allows for necessary cytochemical,
cytoenzymatic investigations and investigations entailing use of fluorescence.
These are special advantages to which we must add the list of limits:
1) The cytological test must be completed by the histopathological test, because
the latter states the degree of infiltration of the process, the relationship with the existent
vascular package within the parenchyma of the tumour ( lymphatic, capillary vessels,
veins, arteries) and possible partial thrombosis with tumoral embols
2) The cytological test does not allow for statements related to TNM-in comparison
to the anatomo-histological test which does allow for such statements.
3) The histopathological test offers sure relations relative to the degree of evolution
of a simple dysplasic lesion, of an acute dysplasic lesion, intraepithelial carcinoma,
micro-invasive carcinoma, invasive carcinoma etc.
The biopsic histopathologic test remains the best method to be used constantly and
it is perfectly conclusive.
But for a very rapid diagnosis ( less than 112 h as compared to days and weeksthe duration of a histopathogical test) we consider that the cytological test must be
imposed as a fundamental test that offers immediately the first diagnosis that allows the
choice of the most appropriate anti-cancer therapy. We must get used to and therefore
NiCOLAE
MANOLESCU,
EMILIA BALINT
introduce in practice the major imperative for pets ( cats, dogs) of the term oncological
therapeutic emergency. This term has perfect justification if one takes into consideration
the fact that 6-7 man-years are only one dog or cat-year. That is to say, one day in a life
of a pet amounts to a week in the life of a human. Therefore, an average of 10 days of
delay caused by the duration of the histopathologic test represents a delay of 2 months
for a pet. During this time, both loco-regional relapses and metastasis can occur.
The only way out is the cytological test, in spite of the disadvantages it has in
comparison with the histopahological one. These are the arguments and the motivation
that ensured us "the noblest fuel", which is absolutely indispensable for the propulsion
to write the present book.
In order to put into practice the ideas mentioned above, it is crucial for us to have
a good post-graduate educational system of comparative oncology that should prepare
genuine veterinarians specialized in oncology, led by the scholars who belong to our
school.
The authors
CAPITOLUL 2/ CHAPTER 2
CLASIFICAREA NEOPLAZIILOR MALIGNE

In cele ce urmeaza vom incerca sa realizam 0 clasificare a neoplaziilor maligne la
canide ~i feline intalnite in practica noastra. Deci nu vom cita toate formele
morfologice care pot fi -,ntalnite in practica medicala.
embrio-
A. Hemopatii maligne
1.
1.1
Leucemiile
Acute:
1.1.1 Limfoblastice (LLA):

- "T" celulare
- ,,8" celulare
- leucemia cu celule NK
1.1.2 Nonlimfoblastice:
- leucemia eritroida
- leucemia monocitara
- leucemia histiomonocitara
- leucemia mieloblastica: - micromieloblastica
- macromieloblastica
- megacariocitara
1.2
- leucemia promielocitara
Cronice:
1.2.1 Limfocitare (LLC)

- "T" celulare
- ,,8" celulare
- cu celule paroase (Hairy cell- Leukemia)
- leucemia cu celule NK
1.2.2 Mieloida:
- neutrofilica
- eozinofilica
- bazofilica
- mastocitara
2.
2.1
Limfoame maligne
Limfom malign Hodgkinian
NiCOLAE
2.2
MANOLESCU,
EMILIA BALINT
Limfom malign non- Hodgkinian

a) Limfom malign ,,8" celular:
- Centrocitic
- Centroblastic
- Imunoblastic
- Plasmoblastic - plasmocitar
- Tip Waldenstrom
b) Limfom malign "T"celular:

- limfom Sezary
- limfom Mycosis Fongoides
c) Limfom malign histiocitar
3. Tezaurismoze
B. Tumori maligne epiteliale
1.
Carcinomul pulmonar
cu celule mari
2.
Carcinomul bazocelular tegumentar
3.
4.
4.bis
5.
Carcinomul nediferential tegumentar

Carcinomul squamos (epidermoid)
Adamantinomul
Seminomul testicular
6.
7.
Sertoliomul testicular
Luteomul ovarian
8.
Carcinomul non invaziv (intraepitelial) al vezicii urinare
9.
10.
Carcinomul papilifer vegetant invaziv al vezicii urinare

Adenocarcinomul vegetant al prostatei
11.
Carcinomul
mamare
12.
Carcinomul vegetant al glandei mamare
13.
14.
Carcinomul solid al glandei mamare

Adenocarcinomul glandei mamare
15.
16.
17.
Carcinomul vegetant al cavitatii nazale

Adenocarcinomul cavitatii nazale
Carcinomul tiroidian.
intraepitelial
(displazia
C. Tumori maligne mezenchimale (sarcoame)

1. Fibrosarcomul
2. Rabdomiosarcom
3. Osteosarcomul:
10
agravata-intraductala)
al glandei
- osteoblastic
-' osteocitic
- osteoclastic
4. Condrosarcom
5. Sinoviomul malign
6. Tumora Abricosov
7. Kupffer-cell-sarcoma
8. Sarcomul histiocitar tegumentar
9. Mastocitomul mucoaselor
D. Tumori nervoase si
, ale sistemului APUD:
D.1. Melanomul malign
D.2. Ganglioneuromul
E.
Tumori mixte (epitelial - mezenchimale):
E.1. Carcinosarcomul mamar

E.2. Mezoteliomul:
- limfocitar-like
- histiocitar-like
- epitelial-like
11
NiCOLAE
MANOLESCU,
EMILIA BALINT
THE CLASSIFICATION OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASIA IN PETS

What follows is a classification of the malignant neoplasia in pets ( only those we have
met in our practice). So we will not mention all embryo-morphological forms that can be
met in the medical practice.
A. Malignant hemopathies
1. Leukemia:
1.1 Acute:
1.1.1 Lymfoblastic (LLA):
- "T" cellular
- "8" cellular
- N.K. cell
1.1.2 Nonlimfoblastic types of leukemia:
- erythroid leukemia
1.2.
1.2.1
- monocitary leukemia
- histiomonocitary leukemia
- myeloblastic leukemia:
- micromyeloblastic
- macromyleoblastic
- megakaryocitic
- promyelocytary leukemia
Chronic:
Lymfocytary (LLC):
- "T" cellular
- "8" cellular
- Hairy cell-Leukemia
- N.K. cellular
1.2.2
Myeloid:
- neutrophilic
- eozinophilic
- basophilic
- mastocytary
12
2. Malignant lymphomas
2.1 Malignant Hodgkin's lymphoma
2.2 Malignant non- Hodgkin's lymphoma
a) ,,8" cellular malignant lymphoma:
- Centrocytic
- Centroblastic
- Imunoblastic
- Plasmoblastic - plasmocytary
- Type Waldenstrbm
b)"T" cellular malignant lymphoma
- Sezary lymphoma
- Mycosis Fongoides lymphoma
c) Histiocitary malignant lymphoma
3. Thesaurismosis
B. Epithelial malignant tumors
1.
Pulmonary
carcinoma with big cells
2.
Tegumentary baso-cellular carcinoma
3.
Tegumentary non-differential carcinoma
4.
Squamos (epidermoidal )carcinoma
4. bis Adamantinoma
5.
Testicular seminoma
6.
Testicular sertolioma
7.
Ovarian luteoma
8.
Non-invasive (intraepitelial) carcinoma
9.
Invasive vegetant papillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder
10.
Vegetant adenocarcinoma of the prostate
11.
Intraepithelial carcinoma (aggravated-intraductal
of the urinary bladder
dysplasia) of the
mammary gland
12.
Vegetant carcinoma of the mammary gland
13.
The solid carcinoma of the mammary gland
14.
The adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland
15.
The vegetant carcinoma of the nasal cavity
16.
17.
The adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity

Tiroidian carcinoma
13
NiCOLAE
c. Mesenchymal
MANOLESCU,
EMILIA BALINT
malignant tumours (sarcomas)
1. Fibrosarcoma
2. Rabdomiosarcoma
3. Osteosarcoma
- Osteoblastic -osteosarcoma
- Osteocytic osteosarcom of the bone
- Osteoclastic osteosarcoma of the bone
4. Chondrosarcoma of the bone
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Malignant sinovioma
Abricosov tongue tumor
Kupffer-cell-sarcoma
Tegumentary histiocitary sarcoma
Mastocytoma of the mucous membranes
D. Nervous tumors and of the APUD system:

D.1. Malignant melanoma
D.2. Ganglioneuroma
E. Mix (epithelial - mesenchymal) tumours:
E.1. Mammary carcinosarcoma
E.2. Mesothelioma:
- Iymfocytary-Iike
- histiocytary-like
- epithelial-like
14
CA~ITOLUL 3_1 CHAPtER.3
REACTIILE
LEUCEMOIDE
,
Reactiile
leucemoide
sunt
stari
pasagere
(efemeroide)
care au 0
etiologie extrem de diversificata 9i de
multe ori neprecizata, care se traduce
printr-o proliferare a unei linii celulare
leucocitare la nivelul sangelui periferic. In
fata acestor cazuri medicul specialist
citomorfolog Intampina mari dificultati de
stabilire
a diagnosticului
pozitiv 9i
diferential Intre 0 reactie leucemoida, un
debut al unei leucemii vera sau 0
LEUKEMOID REACTIONS
Leukemoid
(ephemeral)
reactions
states
that
are
passing
have a very
diversified etiology, which is impossible to

define most of the time, translated into the
proliferation of a leucocitary cellular line
(cell lines) at the level of the peripheral
blood. When confronted with such a case,
the specialist in ctytomorphology finds it
difficult
to establish
differential
diagnosis
the positive
and
(In front of these
leucemie
vera. In cazul
reactiilor
leucemoide este necesara repetarea
examenului hematologic dupa 14-21 zile
cases the specialist in ctytomorphology
pentru a surprinde fie disparitia celulelor

tinere 9i atipice, fie proliferarea unei linii
celulare, deci debutul unei leucemii vera.
reaction), whether this is a leukemia vera,

a leukemoid reaction or the beginning of a
leukemia vera. In the case of leukemoid
De multe ori In absenta unor tablouri
reactions it is necessary to repeat the
clinice, specifice
unor boli, reactia
leucemoida este surprinsa In urma unui
examen hematologic de rutina.
Examenul citomorfologic (fig. 1-8).
Din punct de vedere citomorfologic
reactiile leucemoide se prezinta In 3
forme:
Forma granulocitara (fig. 1-2) In

frotiul de sange identificam prezenta
granulocitelor neutrofile adulte, alaturi de
elemente celulare tinere (metamielocite
9i rare mielocite), una dintre etiologii
poate fi Babesioza pentru specia canina.
experiencing great difficulty in establishing

a positive
hematological
and
differential
diagnosis
test after 14-21 days to
capture the disappearance of the young

and atypical cells, or the proliferation of a
cellular line.
Often, due to the lack of a clinical
picture,
the
leukemoid
reaction
is
discovered during a routine hematological

test.
Cytomorphological test (fig. 1-8)

From a cytomorphological
point of
view the leukemoid
reactions
are
classified in 3 forms:
15
NiCOLAE
MANOLESCU,
Forma Iimfocitara (fig. 3-5)

In aceasta
forma In afara de
modificarea cantitativa a leucocitelor
Iimfocitare
se remarca,
indiferent
de
specie 0 pregnanta modificare calitativa,

exprimata prin prezen1a de prolimfocite,~i
limfobla~ti. La specia canina (fig. 12)
modificarea are originea In infestarea cu
parazitul Babesia Canis, iar In fig. 14 la
aceea~i specie reac1ia leucemoida a fost
provocata de Haemobartonella sp.
Forma monocitara (fig. 6-8)
In aceasta forma elementele monocitare sunt crescute cantitativ, prezentand
modificari calitative In acela~i timp. Se
observa atat caracterul "atipic", cat ~i
caracterul de "blast". Se constata lipsa
nucleoli lor ~i celulelor In diviziune.
La specia canina ~i aceasta forma
celulara poate fi datorata agentului
patologic Haemobartonella.
EMILIA BALINT
Granulocyte-like form (fig.1-2) In the

blood smear we identify the presence of
the adult neutrophilic granulocytes, next
to young cellular
elements
(metamyelocytes and rare myelocytes ). In our
case, the etiology was Babesiosis for the
canine species.
Lymphocyte form (fig. 3-5)
In this form apart from the quantitative
modification of Iymphocitary leucocytes,
there is also, regardless of species, a
great qualitative modification, expressed
though the presence of pro-lymphocytes
and Iymphoblasts. In the canine species
(fig.12), the modification has its origin in
the infestation with the parasite Babesia
Canis, and in fig.14, in the same species
the leukemoid reaction was caused by
Hemobartonella.
Monocitary form (fig. 6-8)
In this form the monocitary elements
are raised quantitative a lot and there are
qualitative modifications in the same
time. It can be observed the "atypical'
feature as well as the "blast" feature. It is
important that the nucleolis are missing,
as well as the cells during division.
In the canine species this cellular form
can be due also to the pathologic agent
Hemobartonella.
16
Fig. 1
r
Fig.
2
17
.LN17V8 V17lw3 'n:JS370NVW
Dc
3V70:J/N
LlMFORETICULOZELE
REACTIVE
REACTIVE
LYMPHORETICULOSES
Pentru 0 mai buna Intelegere

a
capitolelor de limfoame maligne non hodgkiniene ~i leucemii, este necesar ca
For a better understanding of the

chapters on malignant non-Hodgkin's
lymphomas and leukemias, should be
medicii veterinari speciali~ti, sa cunoasca

relatiile dintre cele doua capitole, cel al
limfo-reticulozelor
reactive,
cel
al
brought into question for the experts

veterinarians, two correlative chapters,
namely the reactive lymphoreticuloses,
the
leukemoid
and
leukemic-like
reactiilor leucemoide ~i leucemic-like.

Pentru a diagnostica din punct de vedere
cito-morfologic 0 limfadenopatie externa,
trebuie sa se cunoasca cu exactitate
tabloul citomorfologic al leucemiilor ~i
limfoamelor maligne pentru un diagnostic
pozitiv, precum ~i statusurile reactive de
la acest nivel.
Examenul citomorfologic (fig. 1-7)

se releva existenta a 4 structuri care,
anatomo-clinic se exprima quasi identic
prin aparitia adenopatiei.
Acestea se caracterizeaza
astfel:
a) Statusul de Iimforeticulita acuta
purulenta sau nonpurulenta nespecifica.
Clinic:
limfonodul
tumefiat
este
dureros,
putand
fi dur sau fluctuent,
aderent sau nu de tegument ~i de planul

anatomic profund. Se pune In evidenta
coarda limfatica. Sa pot vizualiza traiecte
fistulare active.
Citologic: dominanta celulara este un
amestec de neutrofile ~i macrofage
(fig. 1) cu prezenta corpilor bacterieni sau
reactions.
The
person
who
must
diagnose an external lymphadenopathy

in a pet should know exactly the
cytomorphological table of leukemias and
malignant lymphomas for a positive
diagnosis, as well as the information
offered by the reactive states at this level
of the lymph node whose volume has
increased.
The cytomorphological examination (fig.1-7) reveals the existence of 4

structures
which,
from
an anatomo-
clinical point of view, are expressed

quasi-identically through the occurrence
of adenopathy.
These structures may be characterized
as follows:
a) the status of non-specific nonsuppurative
or suppurative
acute
Iymphoreticulitis
Clinically: the tumefied lymph node is
painful and it can be hard or fluctuant,
adherent or non-adherent
to the tegu21
NICOLAE
MANOLESCU,
a hifelor micotice care a declan~at

procesul. Imaginea normala a Iimfonodului, dominata de elementele limfocito
reticulare
este Tnlocuita cu celule
specifice tesutului de granulatie.
Statusul de Iim fore ticulita
b)
cronica nespecifica (fig. 2)
Clinic: limfonodul tumefiat nu este
dureros, este dur ~i aderent de tegument,
nu e prezenta coarda limfatica.
Citologic: Structura citomorfologica
limfonodala este remaniata profund Tn
sensul unei hiperplazii reticulare, pe
fondul celular limfocitar adult alaturi de
EMILIA BALINT
ment and to the deep anatomical plane.

The lymphatic chord is made evident.
You can view active fistular trajectories.
Cytologically: the cellular dominant is
a mixture of neutrophiles and macrophages (fig. 1), with the presence of
bacterial bodies or of the mycotic hyphae
that triggered the process.
The normal image of the lymph node,
dominated by reticulare cells is replaced
with specific cells of the granulation
tissue.
The status of non-specific

chronic Iymphoreticulitis (fig. 2)
b)
celule fibrocitare
~i mastocitare
cu
absenta elementelor blastice.
c)
Statusul de Iimforeticulita
cronica specifica. In aceasta categorie
vom descrie numai granulomul TBC.
Clinic: aspectul
este de limfonod
boselat, nedureros ~i aderent de planul
profund, rar se poate observa 0 aderenta
la planul superficial tegumentar.
Citologic: apare exprimarea clasica a
granulomului TBC - cu prezenta de
celule epitelioide (ovoidale sub aspect de
nuclei
liberi,
fara
citoplasma
identificabila). Nucleii sunt oligocromi cu
cromatina
laxa, fara exprimare
a
nucleoli lor. Din loc Tnloc se gasesc celule
gigante de tip Langhans - adica celule de
50-6011 cu citoplasma larga, acidofila ~i
cu 0 coroana periferica de nuclei.
Numarul acestora variaza de la 3-4 la 10-
Clinically: the tumefied lymph node is

-not painful, it is hard and adherent the
tegument. There is no lymphatic chord.
Cytologically: the Iymphonodal cytomorphological
structure
is deeply
reshuffle- in the sense of a reticular
15 nuclei. Nucleii prezinta 0 importanta

tachicromazie fara a exprima prezenta
nucleolilor. In - frotiu, pe langa celulele
Langhas se identifica limfocite adulte,
form of free nuclei, yvith no identifiable

cytoplasm). The nuclei are oligo-chrome
with lax chromatin, without an expression
of nucleoli. From place to place there are
22
hyperplasia on the adult Iymphocitary

cellular background -the lack of blastic
elements
next
to fibrocitary
and
mastocitary cells.
c) The status of specific chronic
Iymphoreticulitis. In this category we

will describe only the TB granuloma.
Clinically: bosselated lymph node, not
painful, adherent to the deep plan, only
very rarely can one notice adherence to
the shallow tegumentary plan.
Cytologically: the classical expression
occurrence
of TB
granuloma-with
epitheloid cells (ovoid aspects as the
plasmocite, macrofage 9i fibroblaste.

d)
Statusul, de Iimforeticuloza
cronica imunoreactiva (fig. 3 - 7).
Clinic:se manifesta ca orice limforeticuloza
descrisa.
cronica
nespecifica,
anterior
Citologic: Pe fondul celular limfocitar

adult specific structurii limfonodale, se
constata aparitia unei populatii rare de
imunobla9ti, a unei intense prezente de
celule proplasmocitare 9i plasmocitare.
Acest aspect trebuie corect interpretat 9i
diferentiat de proliferarile plasmocitare 9i
limfoplasmocitare
maligne. In cazul
descris nu se identifica nici mitoze 9i nici
atipii celulare.
giant cells of the Langhans type- that is

cells- of 50-60 I-l with a large, acidophilic
cytoplasm and with a peripherical crown
aspect of nuclei. The number varies from
several to 10-15. The nuclei represent an
important
tahicromasia
without
expressing the presence of nucleoli. In
the smear there are many adult
lymphocytes, plasmocytes, macrophages
and fibroblasts which identify with the
Longhas cells.
d) The status of immuno-reactive
chronic lymph ore tic ulitis (fig.3 - 7)
Clinically: it manifests itself like any
non-specific
chronic Iymphoreticulitis,
described previously.
Cytologically: the image is of a lymph
node greatly changed in the sense of the
emergence
of a rare population of
immunoblasts, of an intense presence of
plasmocitary cells and plasomocitary on
the
adult
cellular
Iymphocitary
background specific to the Iymphonodal
structure. This aspect should be correctly
interpreted
and differentiated
from
malignant plasmocitary and Iympoplasmocitary proliferations.
In the case
described are not identified mitoses or
cellular abnormalities.
23
IN/TtfB
'rI17/w3 'nOS370N'rIW
3'r17001N
Fig.
Fig. 4
25
9c
iN17lfB lf17IW3'n~S370NlfW 3lf70~1N
Fig.
27
"'''~~d~~C~~~~~'
~~
CMLTJlLllL5L~HA~IEB~5
~~~w
'G~G
~~~
"
THE EOSINOPHILIC
GRANULOMA
GRANULOMUL EOZINOFILIC
In aceasta forma tumorala
nu este
obligatorie prezenta in sangele periferic a

granulocitelor eozinofilice, diagnosticul
pozitiv
se poate
pune
pe baza
examenului citomorfologic al neoformatiunii solide sau ulcerate.
Aceasta forma de neoplazie cu malignitate medie face parte din cadrul
dezordinilor
maligne
ale sistemului
celular hematopoietic.
Se poate identifica sub trei forme
topografice
- forma tisulara tegumentara sau
mucotegumentara;
- forma
sangvina
in
cadrul
reactiilor leucemoide;
- forma mixta - tegumentara
~i
sangvina.
Forma
tegumentara
sau mucotegumentara este u~or de diagnosticat
macroscopic deoarece leziunea prezinta
un aspect ulcerativ caracteristic. Citomorfologic granulomul
eozinofilic
se
exprima prin prezenta
unui infiltrat
unicelular
compus
din granulocite
eozinofile at at adulte cat ~i tinere.
Diagnosticul
diferential
prin examen
citomorfologic
trebuie sa se faca cu
carcinomul bazocelular, care evolueaza
anatomoclinic
sub forma ulcerativa.
Forma sangvina care apare ca 0 reactie
In this tumor form is not mandatory

presence in granulocytes of peripheral
blood eosimophilia, positive diagnosis
can be put on the examination, of
citomorphologic
solid
or ulcerated
neoformations.
This form of neoplasia
of medium
malignity
belongs to the class of
malignant disorders of the hematopoietic
cellular system.
We can identify three topog(aphical
forms:
- mucotegumentary
or tegumen-
tary tissular form

- leukemoide sanguine form
mix form - tegumentary
and
sanguine
The tegumentary or mucotegumentary form is easily to diagnose from
macroscopic perspective because of the
lesion has a characteristic appearance
ulcerative. From the cytomorphological
point of view granuloma eosinophilia is
expressed by the presence of unicellular
infiltrate
composed
of granulocytes
eosinophilic
both adult and young.
Differential diagnosis by cytomorphological examination must be made with
bazocelular carcinoma, which develops
29
NiCOLAE
MANOLESCU,
leucemoida ~i care la examenul frotiului

de sange periferic total sau a LCT-Iui
prezinta un numar mare de granulocite
eozinofile circulante, adulte ~i tinere
(metamielocite ~i mielocite eozinofile),
iar In formula leucocitara granulocitele
eozinofile
reprezinta
un procent de
peste 40%.
Diagnosticul diferential se face cu:
1) Leucemia vera eozinofilica In
care, pe langa celulele descrise mai sus
In circulatie se gasesc blaste eozinofilice
Inalte de tipul promielocitului eozinofilic,
iar procentul granulocitelor eozinofilice
ajunge Intre 50 - 80%
2) Reaclia eozinofilica consecutiv
unei stari alergice sau parazitar active.
In aceasta situatie eozinofilele sunt celule
adulte ~i nu depa~esc 20-30% (fig. 1 - 4).
30
EMILIA BALINT
as
ulcerative
anatomoclinic.
The
sanguine leukemiode form, presents in

the total peripheral blood smear or in the
LCT a large number of circulating.
eosinophilic granulocytes and they are
both young and adult (eozinophilic
metamyelocytes and myelocytes). In the
hemogram the eosinophilic granulocytes
represent a percent of more than 40%.
The differential diagnosis of this form
is made in comparison with :
1) Eosinophilic leukemia vera. In this
case, apart from the cells described
above, there are high eosinophilic blasts
of the eosinophilic promyelocyte type in
circulation,
and the percentage
of
eosinophilic granulocytes is between 5080%.
2) with the eosinophilic reaction after
an allergic or parasitary-active state. In
this
situation
the
eosinophilic
granulocytes are adult cells and do not
exceed 20-30% (fig. 1 - 4).
Fig. 1
Fig.
2
31
iN/WB
G8
v17/w3 'n~S370NVI/V 3V70~IN
CA~IIOLUL.6J CHA~IER 6
LEUCEMIILE
LEUKEMIAS
Fig. 1 - 50. Acestui capitol am acordat

o iconografie de 50 de imagini pentru ca
leucemiile la animalele de companie
Fig.1 - 50. For this chapter we

provided an iconography consisting in 50
(caine ~i pisica) ocupa cel de-al doilea loc
images for Leukemia pets (dog and cat);

leukemias occupies the second place as
In ceea ce prive~te incidenta In cadrul

hemopatiilor maligne, primul loc fiind
regards the incidence of malignant

homeopathies, the first place is occupies
ocupat de limfoamele maligne. Comparativ cu limfoamele maligne, diagnosticul

leucemiilor
este mult facil, datorita
by malignant lymphomas. If compared to

malignant
lymphomas,
leukemias
diagnose is easy, because expression of
exprimarii In sangele periferic a celulelor
malignantly
proliferate malign, provenind din teritoriul
peripheral
maduvei
territory
hematopoetice.
hematologic
cantitativ
Examenul
~i calitativ
este
concludent ~i hotarator pentru sustinerea

unui diagnostic de leucemie, de cele mai
multe ori constituind 0 veritabila surpriza
la un control de rutina.
Examenul
aceasta
citomorfologic
investigatie
Prin
se stabile~te
atat
baza celulara proliferata cat ~i forma

clinic evolutiva. Nu vom intra In polemici
The
proliferated
blood
cells
in the
is coming
from the
of the hematopoietic
marrow.
quantitative
and
qualitative
hematological examination is conclusive

and decisive to support a diagnosis of
leukemia, many times being a real
surprise in a routine inspection.
Cytomorphological
examination
establishes the proliferate cellular base

as well as the clinical
form of
manifestation.
We will not enter
into
privind
clasificarea,
deoarece
vom
prezenta In acest atlas cazuistica proprie
classification disputes, as we will present

"as such" our own cases with a brief
Insotita de un scurt comentariu
comment necessary in order to interpret
pentru
interpretarea imagisticii.
Astfel prezentam:
1) Leucemia
limfocitara
the images.
Thus we present the following:
acuta
celulara (LLA "T") - fig. 1.

2) Leucemia
Iimfocitara
acuta
celulara (LLA ,,8" ) - fig. 2 - 4.
"T"
1) T-cell
acute
lymphocytic
leukemia
(LLA "T") - fig. 1.

,,8"
2) 8-cell
acute
lymphocytic
leukemia
(LLA "8" ) - fig. 2 - 4.
33
-"
NiCOLAE
3) Leucemia
limfocitara
cronica
MANOLESCU,
"B"
celulara (LLC"B") - fig. 5 -6.

4) Leucemia mieloida acuta (LMA) - fig.
7 -12.
5) Leucemia mieloida cronica (LMC) fig. 13 - 18.
6) Leucemia monocitara acuta (LMoA) fig. 19 - 20.
7) Leucemia histio-monocitara
acuta
(LHMoAc) - fig. 21 - 22.

8) Leucemia eritroida acuta (LEA) - fig.
23 - 31
9) Leucemia acuta cu celule NK (LANK)
- fig. 32 -35.
10) Leucemia
cronica
cu
celule
NK
(LcrNK) - fig. 36 - 40.

11) Sindrom mieloproliferativ (SMP) - fig.
41-50.
Legenda figurilor
Fig. 1: LLA "T"
leucocitoconcentrat,
prezinta un numar mare a limfobla9tilor

atipici 9i a prolimfocitelor "T".
Fig. 2 - 4: LLA "B" leucocitoconcentrat,
cultura quasi pura de limfobla9ti "B",
prolimfocite 9i rare limfocite.
Fig. 5 - 6: LLC - sange periferic.
Prezenta, limfocitelor adulte si
, a rare
prolimfocite.
Fig. 7 - 12: LMA - leucocitoconcentrat,

proliferare
intensa
de
mielobla9ti
(macromielobla9ti) .
Fig. 13 - 18: LMC - sange periferic
numeroase metamielocite neutrofile 9i
rare celule
mielocitare
alaturi
de
granulocite neutrofile
nesegmentate.
34
segmentate
sau
EMILIA BALINT
3) B-cell chronic lymphocytic
leukemia
(LLC"B" - fig. 5 -6.

4) Acute myeloid leukemia (LMA) - fig.
7 -12.
5) Chronic myeloid leukemia (LMC) fig. 13-18.
6) Monocytic acute leukemia (LMoA) fig. 19 - 20.
7) Acute
histio-monocytic
leukemia
(LHMoAc) - fig. 21 - 22.
8) Acute erythroid leukemia (LEA) - fig.
23 - 31
9) NK-cell acute leukemia (LANK) - fig.
32 -35.
10) NK-cell chronic leukemia (LcrNK) fig. 36 - 40.
11) Myeloproliferative syndrome (SMP) fig. 41-50.
Legend of the figures

Fig. 1: LLA "T" leukocyte concentrate,
presents a great number of atypical
Iymphoblasts and of IT' prolymphocytes.
Fig. 2 - 4: LLA "B" leukocyte
concentrate, quasi pure "B" Iymphoblasts
culture,
prolymfocytes
and
rare
Iymfocytes.
Fig. 5 - 6: LLC - peripheral blood.
Presence of adult Iymfocytes and of rare
prolymfocytes.
Fig. 7 - 12: LMA - I leukocyte
concentrate,
massive proliferation
of
myeloblasts (macromyeloblasts).
Fig. 13 - 18: LMC - peripheral blood,
massive
presence
of
neutrophilic
metamyelocytes and rare myelocytary
cells together
with segmented
or
nonsegmented neutrophilic granulocytes.
Fig. 19 - 20: LMoAc - sange periferic.
Fig. 19 - 20: LMoAc - peripheral blood.
masiva
proliferare
de
monobla9ti,
promonobla9ti ( In diviziune mitotica 9i
promonocite reduse numeric.
Fig. 21 - 22: LHMoAc - sange periferic.
Bla9ti Inalti profund atipici 9i anaplazici In
melanj
cu
monobla9ti
9i
celule
primordiale histiocitare.
Fig. 23 - 31: LEAc. Sange periferic.
lntensa proliferare a liniei eritropoietice
Intre proeritroblast
9i diferite tipuri
celulare de eritrobla9ti. Un precursor al
liniei eritropoietice In diviziune mitotica
atipica.
Fig. 32 - 35: Lac NK. Sange periferic.
Masiva prezenta de bla9ti limfocitari cu
granulatii acidofile intracitoplasmatice
(largi granulatii oxifile intracitoplasmatice
= N.K. cells)
Fig. 36 - 40: LCr NK. Sange periferic. In
majoritatea
celulelor
limfocitare
se
remarca limfocite adulte 9i prolimfocite
care
intracitoplasmatic
contin
largi
granulatii oxifile = N.K. cells.
Fig. 41 - 50: SMP. Splina. In aceste
imagini se remarca Inlocuirea populatiei
celulare limfocitare dominante a splinei
cu 0 proliferare de ansamblu atipica, In
majoritate bla9ti din seria
mieloida
eritropoietica 9i monocitara.
proliferation
of
monoblasts,
promonoblasts ( in mitotic division and
few promonocytes.
Fig. 21 - 22:
LHMoAc - peripheral
blood. High very atypical and anaplastic
blasts mixed with monoblasts
and
primordial histiocytary cells.
Fig. 23 - 31: LEAc. peripheral blood.
Intense proliferation of the erythropoietic
line
between
proerythroblast
and
different cellular types of erythroblasts. A
forerunner of the erythropoietic line in
mitotic atypical division.
Fig. 32 - 35: Lac NK. peripheral blood.
massive presence of lymphosytic blasts
with
the
presence
of
acidophil
intracytoplasmatic
granulosities
(large
oxiphil intracytoplasmatic granulosities =
N.K. cells)
Fig. 36 - 40: LCr NK. peripheral blood. In
most
of the
lymphocytic
cellular
presence,
we
can
identify
adult
lymphocytes and prolymphocytes that
contain
oxiphil
intracytoplasmatic
granulosities = N.K. cells.
Fig. 41 - 50: SMP-spleen. In these
images, we can see the replacement of
spleen's dominantly cellular lymphocytic
population
with an atypical overall
proliferation, mostly with blast from the
myeloid erythropoietic and monocytary
series.
35
98
J.NI7'v'B 'v'17/W3 'n:JS370N'v'VV 3'v'70:J1N
Fig.
Fig. 4
37
iN/TtfB
88
"O!d
'rf17/w3 'nOS370N'rf/IV
3'rf7001N
Fig.
Fig.
8
39
Ot
061::1
.lNl7lfB lfl7/w3 'n~S370NlfW 3lf70~1N
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
41
.iN/W8
'v'17/W3 'nQS370N'v'W
3'v'70QiN
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
43
iN/Wg
vv
\l17/w3 'nOS370N\ljt1J3\17001N
Fig. 19
Fig.
20
45
.1N/Tv'8 'v'17/W3 'nOS370N'v'W
9v
3'v'7001N
Fig.
23
Fig.
24
47
iNl7lfB
Bv
lfl7/VV3 'nOS370NlfW 3lf7001N
Fig.
27
Fig.
28
49
09
iN/Tv'S V17/W3 'nOS370NVW 3V7001N
Fig.
31
Fig.
32
51
lN17V8 vI7/w3 'n~S370NVViJ 3V70~1N
Fig.
35
Fig. 36
53
179
lNI7'v'8
'v'17/VV3'nOS370N'v'W
3'v'7001N
Fig. 39
Fig. 40
55
99
.iN/W8
V17/W3 'nOS370NVW 3V700/N
Fig. 43
Fig. 44
57
IN/Tv'g
1t17/W3 'n:JS370NttVV
89
3tt70:J1N
Fig.
47
Fig. 48
59
lNITI/8
09
...
3
V17lw3 'nOS370NVVV 3V700IN
CA~IIOLUL_llCHABIER]
LlMFOMUL HODGKIN
Aspectele
sub care am identificat
limfomul Hodgkin
noastre au fost:
In cadrul
cazuisticii
- Granulomul Hodgkinian;
~i
- Sarcomul Hodgkinian.
Caracteristicile esentiale ale acestor
doua forme sunt determinate de dominarea tabloului citomorfologic,
fie de
catre celula giganta Hodgkin, fie de catre
celula giganta Stenberg-Paltauf-Reed
(fig. 1 - 12).
Celula giganta Hodgkin este 0 celula
mononucleara
de talie mare, 30/-l.
Cromatina
nucleara este de regula
areolata, cu prezenta unui nucleol gigant.
Citoplasma este larga u~or bazofila ("fum
de tigara"). Raportul nucleo-citoplasmatic
este In favoarea nucleului. Dominanta
numerica a acestor celule este foarte
mare In cazul sarcomului Hodgkinian ~i
mai redus
In cazul
granulomului
Hodgkinian (fig. 1 - 7).
Celula giganta Sternberg-PaltanfReed este de asemenea de talie mare,
avand nuclei lobati, multipli.
Fiecare nucleu are cromatina densa ~i
lasa sa se observe prezenta unui nucleol
gigant. Citoplasma
larga, agranulata
30-40/-l,
este amphofila. Prezenta acestor celule

este ridicata In granulomul Hodgkinian
THE HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

Within our experience, the issues in
which we identified Hodgkin's lymphoma
in our case were:
Hodgkin's granuloma;
and
Hodgkin's sarcoma.
The essential characteristics
two forms
domination
of these
are determined
by the
of the cytomophological
table either by the Hodgkin giant cell, or

by the Stenberg-Paltauf-Reed
giant cell
(fig. 1 - 12).
The Hodgkin giant cell is a mononuclear cell of large size, around 30/-l.
The nuclear chromatin is usually haloed,
with a giant nucleolus. The cytoplasm is
wide and slightly basophilic ("cigarette
smoke" form).
The nucleo-cytoplasmatic ratio favors
the nucleus. The number of these cells is
great in the case of Hodgkin's sarcoma
and smaller in the case of Hodgkin's
granuloma (fig. 1 - 7).
The giant Sternberg-Paltanf-Reed
cell is also of large size, around 30-40/-l,
with multiple
lobeate
nuclei.
Each
nucleus has a thick chromatin and
reveals the presence of a giant nucleolus.
The
wide
non-grainy
cytoplasm
is
amphophilic. The presence of this cells

61
NiCOLAE
~i numeric
mai
redusa
MANOLESCU,
In Sarcomul
EMILIA BALINT
is
reduced
in
comparison
with
the
Hodgkinian (fig. 8).

In ambele cazuri se identifica un Inalt
Hodgkin cell (fig. 8) .
grad de atipism celular cu prezenta unor

veritabile monstruozitati , celulare, iar la
degree of cellular abnormality presenting
nivelul
cancer and the giant cell Hodgkin level
celulei
gigante
Hodgkin
sunt
prezente celule In diviziuni atipice.

Granulomul
terizeaza
Hodgkin
prin prezenta
In both cases, you can identify a high

of genuine monstrousness specific to real
the cells are present in atypical division.
se
carac-
Hodgkin granuloma is characterized
alaturi
de un
by the presence of a cellular mix identical
melanj celular identic cu cel de granulom
to that of chronic inflammatory granuloma
inflamator cronic (granulocite, neutrofile

eozinofile,
bazofile, limfocite adulte,
(neutrophilic
macrofage,
~i plasmocite),
fibrocite
celulelor gigante Hodgkin ~i a celulelor

Stenberg-Paltauf-Reed.
Diagnosticul
basophilic,
phage,
granulocytes,
adult
eosinophilic,
lymphocyte,
fibrocytes
and
Besides those, giant

Stenberg-Paltauf-Reed
macro-
plasmocytes).
Hodgkin
and
cells can be
granulomul inflamator se realizeaza prin
identified from place to place. The

characteristic
feature that makes the
prezenta
diferential
Stenberg
Intre granulomul
celulelor
gigante
cu grad
Inalt
monstruozitate
celulara
Hodgkin
absenta
~i
Hodgkin ~i
Hodgkin
~i
difference between Hodgkin granuloma
de atipie
~i
and the inflammatory granuloma is the
In granulomul
acestora
In
existence of giant Hodgkin and Stenberg

cells with a high degree of cellular
granulomul inflamator. In cazul granulomului inflamator cronic nu exista decat
abnormality
celule
strain"
there are only the giant cells of "foreign
gigante
body" that can not be mistaken for the
gigante
inconfundabile
de
cu
"corp
celulele
and monstrousness.
In the
case of chronic inflammatory granuloma,
Stenberg-Paltauf-Reed (fig. 1)
Sarcomul Hodgkinian este u~or de
Stenberg-Paltauf-Reed cells (fig. 1)

Hodgkin's sarcoma is easily iden-
identificat
proliferari
tifiable
tinere
In sensu I existentei unei

quasi omogene de limfocite
(melaj
prolimfocite),
de
iar
din
Iimfobla~ti
loc
In
loc
existence
within
of
the
a
meaning
quasi
of
the
homogenous
~i
proliferation of young lymphocytes (mix of
se
Iymphoblasts and prolymphocytes), giant

Hodgkin cells can be identified from place
identifica celule gigante Hodgkin ~i mai

rar celule giganteSternberg-~altaufReed. Aceasta forma de sarcom practic
este inconfundabila cu oricare alta forma
to place and more rarely giant SternbergPaltauf-Reed cells. 'This form of sarcoma
celulara de limfom (fig. 9 - 12).
form of lymphoma (fig. 9 - 12).
62
can not be mistaken for any other cellular
Fig. 1
Fig.
63
v9
lN171/8 1/17lw3 'n;JS370NI/W 31/70;JIN
Fig.
Fig.
6
65
lNlTtfg
99
lfl7/w3 'n8S370NlfW 3lf708/N
Atlas de ancacitamarfalagie
la canide $i feline / Atlas of canine and feline ancacytamarphalagy
Fig.
Fig. 10
67
.lNI7'r1B 'rI17/W3 'n:JS370N'rIlIV
89
3'r170:J1N
CAPITOLUL 8 '-CHAPTER 8
MALIGNANT NONHODGKIN'S LYMPHOMAS
L1MFOAME MALIGNE
NONHODGKINIENE
Reprezinta cea mai frecventa forma
e exprimare
adrul
a bolii canceroase
hemopatiilor
maligne
oastra la animalele
in
din
tara
de companie,
iar
impreuna cu leucemiile detin primul loc

din totalul formelor
citomorfologice
ale
neoplaziilor maligne. Simptomele clinice

in
Iimfoame
nu sunt
specifice,
sus-
piciunea pentru un diagnostic de limfom

malign se creeaza in urma examenului
clinic
cand
la
palpatie
se constata
mono
sau a unei
poliadenopatii. Adenopatia este neduprezenta
unei
reroasa ~i putin aderenta
la planurile
profunde ~i superficiale ale limfonodului.

Poliadenopatia extema poate fi insotita
sau nu de hepato ~i/sau splenomegalii.
Un criteriu de clasificare a Iimfoamelor
maligne
nonhodgkiniene
acitemice(
fara
prezenta
in Iimfoame
bla~tilor
in
special periferic) sau citemice unde vom

indentifica in plus prezenta eritemiei
cadrul
examinarii
Examenul
frotiului
in
de sange.
citomorfologic
se
realizeaza consecutiv biopunctiei cu ac

fin a Iimfonodului tumorizat, (se prefera
limfonodulul popliteu ~i/sau prescapular
care pot fi mai u~or abordabili). Examenul
microscopic poate pune in evidenta mai
Malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas

represent the most frequently encountered
form of cancer to pets in our country (the
most common form) within malignant
homeopathies; next to leukemia, they are
the most frequent in our country out of
the total number of cytomorphological
malignant neoplasms. There are very few
clinical lymphomas specific symptoms,
the only modification
that may rise
suspicions leading towards the diagnosis
of malignant lymphoma is the presence
mono-adenopathy or poly-adenopathy. The adenopathy is painless and
of
less adherence
to the deep and
superficial layers of the lymph nodes. The
adenopathy may be accompanied or not
by hepato- and spleeno- megaly.
Clinical
the
animal
may
present
continuous weight loss, in contrast with
the appetite that remains within normal
parameters.
In the case of malignant
nonHodgkin's lymphomas, these may be
classified
in acythemic
lymphomas
(without the presence of blast cells,
especially periferical) or cythemic where
in addition we will identify the presence of
erythemia
within the
general investigation.
hematological
69
NiCOLAE
multe aspecte citomorfologice

conduce
pozitiv
la elaborarea
diferential,
:;;i
prognosticului,
MANOLESCU,
care vor
unui diagnostic
necesar
evolutiei
stabilirii
:;;i terapiei
specifice.
Pe baza proliferarii celulare limfonodale
vom
prezenta
limfoame
urmatoarele
forme
de
maligne nonhodgkiniene.
Fig. 1 - 2: reprezinta
limfom malign
Limfonod:
monomorfe
prolimfocite
imaginea
"B" celular
Prezenta
alcatuita
:;;i foarte
de
centrocitic.
unei proliferari
din
Iimfocite,
rare limfoblaste.
Fig. 3 - 4 - 5 $i 5 bis: reprezinta

imaginea unui limfom malign nonhodgkinian "B" celular cen troblas tic.
Limfonod: Imaginea celulara este
relativ
polimorfa
blastice
atipici
cu
multe
(polimfobla:;;ti
-
Nucleii
elemente
:;;i limfobla:;;ti)
contin
nucleoli
bine
evidentiati :;;iau frecvente mitoze atipice.

Dominanta celulara este blastul limfoid
Inalt alaturi de prolimfocite.
Limfocitele
adulte adesea lipsesc.

Fig. 6 - 14: sunt imagini de limfom
malign
"T"
nonhodgkinian
celular.
Fig. 6: sunt imagini surprinse Intr-un

limfonod
unde distingem
modificari
In
sensu I aparitiei celulelor limfoproliferate

"T" (Iimfobla:;;ti :;;i prolimfobla:;;ti) au un
grad Inalt anaplazic. Nucleii prezinta 1-2
nucleoli. Nucleul nu mai este rotund ca In
cazul
pentru
celulelor
,,8" deoarece,
Iimfocitul
multiplelor
scizuri
structurii nucleare.
70
"T"
este
specific
prezenta
:;;i e:;;ancruri
ale
EMILIA BALINT
The cytomorphological
examination - is carried out after the biopuncture of the tumor lymph. (It is
preferred to puncture the popliteal lymph
node with a thin needle.) The microscopic examination may reveal several
cytomorphological aspects which wililide
in developing a positive and differential
diagnosis because the non-Hodgkinis
lymphoma evolve differently, they have
different reactions to specific therapy,
and therefore the prognostication will
also be different.
Fig. 1 - 2: represents the image of a
centrocytic malignant non-Hodgkin's
lymphoma of B-cell type.
Lymph node: The presence
of
monomorphic proliferation consisting in
lymphocytes, prolymphocytes and very
rare Iymphoblasts.
Fig. 3 - 4 - 5 and 5 bis: represents the
image of a centro-blast malignant nonHodgkin's
lymphoma of B-cell type.
Lymph node: The cell image is
relatively polymorphic with many blast
atypical elements (poly-Iymphoblasts and
Iymphoblasts) - The nuclei contain wellrendered nucleoli and have frequent
atypical mitoses. The dominant cell is the
high lymphoid blast together with the
polylymphocytes. The adult lymphocytes
are often missing.
Fig. 6 - 14: there are images of the
malignant non-Hodgkin's
lymphoma
of T-cell type.
Fig. 6: there are images taken of a
lymph node where we can see changes
such the presence of Iymphoproliferated
In fig.
7 -
10 imaginile
au fost
surprinse In sangele periferic ca expresie

a citemiei existente In limfomul "T"
celular.
In
imaginile
11 -
14 este
prezentata In leucocitoconcentrat
celula
Sezary - circulanta care provine dintr-un

Iimfom "T" celular citemic localizat In
derm (Limfom Sezary).
Fig. 15 - 25 reprezinta imagini care
caracterizeaza
histiocitar.
evolua
limfomul
malign
Acest tip de limfom poate
at at acitemic
cat
9i citemic.
Imaginile (15 - 23) reprezinta citologia

limfomului histiocitar la nivel limfonodal,
iar imaginile
24 - 25 au surprins
un
episod citemic. Deci In sangele periferic

al limfomului histiocitar, indiferent de
tesut
,
limfomul
terizeaza
histiocitar,
citomorfologic
se
printr-o
caracproli-
ferare In dauna citologiei

de baza
limfocitare a liniei histiocitare care se
exprima printr-o Inalta anaplazie celulara
cu frecvente
fenomene
de gigantism
celular 9i de forme bizare. In rest sunt

celule tipic histio-monocito-macrofagice
caracterizate prin citoplasma de culoarea
tipica a "fumului de tigara", iar nucleul
celular
are 0 forma
paralelogramica.
Deci, membrana celulara are cel putin In

doua zone contact direct cu membrana
nucleara.
Cromatina
aspectul tipic "pieptanat".
nucleara
are
Nucleolii sunt
In cea mai mare parte ecranati. Celulele

In mitoza atipica sunt foarte frecvente.
Fig. 26-31 - ofera aspectele Sarcomului dendritic. Sarcomul dendritic este
"T" cells (Iymphoblasts
and prolympho-
blasts) _with a high anaplastic degree.

The nuclei present 1-2 nucleoli. The
nucleus is no longer round as in the case
of "8" cells because, specific to 'T'
lymphocyte is the presence of multiple
scissions and chancres of the nuclear
structure.
In fig. 7 - 10 the images were taken
from the peripheral blood as expression of
the existent cytemia in the "T" cells
lymphoma. In the images 11 - 14 the
Sezary cell is presented in leukocyteconcentrate- circulating cell that come
form a "T" cell cytemic lymphoma localized
in the skin (Sezary Lymphoma).
Fig. 15 - 25 represents images that
characterize the histiocytic malignant
lymphoma. This type of lymphoma can
have both a cytemic and a non-cytemic
evolution. Images (15 - 23) represent the
cytology of the histiocytic lymphoma at
lymph nodes level, and images 24 - 25
show a cytemic episode. So, on all types
of tissues, the peripheral blood of the
histiocytic lymphoma has cytomorphological features through the proliferation
of the histiocytic line expressed by a high
cell anaplasia with frequent phenomena
of gigantism strange forms of cells, which
harms
the
basic
Iympho-cytology.
Otherwise, there are typically histiomonocytic macrophage cells characterized by the cytoplasm of "cigarette
smoke" color and the cell nucleus has a
parallelogram
shape.
So, the cell
membrane has at least two areas of
direct
contact
with
the
nuclear
71
NICOLAE
MANOLESCU,
EMILIA BALINT
o forma acitemica caracterizata sub doua
membrane. The nuclear chromatin has
aspecte citomorfologice.
Fig. 26 - 29 prezinta celule de talie
the typical "brushed"

aspect. Most
nucleoli are shielded. Cells in atypical
mitosis are very frequent.
mare peste 30 /l cu cromatina oligocroma.

Nucleii posed a nucleoli giganti. Ceea ce
este caracteristic este citoplasma bazofila
foarte bogata care se anastomozeaza In
"stilul celula cu celula" prin intermediul
multiplelor
Structurile
prelungiri
limfonodale
citoplasmatice.
normale sunt
complet remaniate.
Fig. 30 - 31 prezinta nuclei liberi de
talie mica sau medie monomorfa, fara
diviziuni celulare ~i lipsiti de monstruozitati
care lasa Impresia ca sunt a~ezati pe 0
citoplasma vacuolara, u~or bazofila quasi
unitara datorita multiplelor prelungiri care
se anastomozeaza Intre ele.
Fig. 32 - 39 - reprezinta imagistica
citomorfologica remaniata din limfonoduli
de catre proliferarea celulara specifica
limfomul
malign
NK.
Majoritatea
celulelor proliferate indiferent de statutul
de "blaste" sau "cite"contin In citoplasma
u~or bazofila sau acidofila 0 cantitate
variabila de incluzii oxifile de talie diferita.
Nucleul
celular
este
specific
limfocitare.
Atipiile
celulare
mitozele atipice, sunt moderate.
liniei
cat
~i
Fig. 40 - 46 reprezinta imagistica ce

caracterizeaza
"limfomul
malign
imunoblastic". Limfonodul care sufera
procesul de malignizare se
prezinta
monomorf datorita invaziei structurii cu
Fig. 26-31 - shows the aspects of the

dendritic sarcoma. The dendritic sarcoma
is a non-cytemic form characterized by two
cyto-morphological aspects.
Fig. 26-29 is made up of big size
cells - over 30 /l oligo- chrome
chromatin. Nuclei possess giant nucleoli,
a very common feature for very reach
basophilic cytoplasm that anastomizes
into "cell with cell style" through the
multiple cytoplasm extensions. Normal
_ lymph nodes structures are completely
reshuffled.
Fig. 30 - 31 is made up of free nuclei
of small or medium monomorphic size,
without
cell divisions
and lacking
monstrosities, leaving the impression they
are arranged on a vacuolar cytoplasm,
slightly basophilic, quasi unitary because
of the multiple extensions with each other.
Fig. 32 - 39 - represents
the
reshuffled cytomorphological
image of
the lymph nodes by the cell proliferation
specific to NK malignant lymphoma.
Most proliferated cells, irrespective of
their "blast" or "cyte" contain in their
slightly
basophilic
or
acidophilic
cytoplasm a variable quantity of oxyphilic
inclusions of different size. The cell
quasi
nucleus is specific to the lymphocytic line.

Cell abnormalities as well as atypical
mitoses are moderate'.
pura. Imunobla~tii sunt celule de talie

mare peste 25/l, cu nucleul relativ plasat
Fig. 40 - 46 are images characteristic

to "imunoblastic malignant lymphoma".
celule
72
imunoblastice
In cultura
semicentral,
cu cromatina densificata -
de tip limfocitar - cu un nucleol 9i rare de

mitoze atipice. Citoplasma acestor celule
este intens bazofila Inconjurand nucleul.
Pe ansamblu celulele au un grad ridicat
de atipism. In cazul imunoblastomului
trebuie efectuat un diagnostic diferential,
vis-a-vis de 0 alta forma de limfom
malign- plasmocitomul. In aceasta forma,
plasmoblastul seamana foarte mult cu
imunoblastul. Diferenta este ca alaturi de
plasmobla9ti, identificam la examenul
citomorfologic celelalte celule ale liniei
plasmocitare (proplasmocitul, plasmocitul
9i chiar imunoblastul),
deci este 0
proliferare polimorfa fat a de proliferarea
monomorfa din imunoblastom.
Fig.
47
63
sunt
rezervate
plasmocitomului, un limfom malign cu

plasmocite In cultura pura. Acesta se
poate manifesta rareori 9i "citemic" cel
mai frecvent este "acitemic". In medicina
veterinara,
plasmocitomul
evolueaza
extra osos - parenchimatos, inclusiv la
nivel limfonodal,
splenic inclusiv In
teritoriul medular al hematopoiezei.
Limfonodul,
din punct de vedere
citomorfologic, este complet remaniat, In
locul populatiei polimorfe limfoide, se
identifica tot 0 populatie polimorfa, dar
apartine subliniei celulare plasmocitare
exclusiv. Aceasta este compusa din rare
imunoblaste,
frecvente plasmoblaste,
alaturi de proplasmocite 9i plasmocite.
Mitozele sunt foarte frecvente, In schimb
atipiile celulare 9i gigantismul celular sunt
rare.
The lymph node that undergoes the

malignant
process
is monomorphic
because its structure is invaded by
imunoblastic cells in quasi pure culture.
The imunoblasts are big size cells of over
25fJ. with a relatively central nucleus, with
thickened
chromatinof lymphocyte
type- with a nucleolus and rare atypical
mitosis. These cells' cytoplasm is highly
basophilic,
surrounding
the nucleus.
Overall the cells have a high degree of
abnormality.
In the case
of the
imunoblastom the differential diagnosis
must be applied, with respect to another
form of malignant
Iymphomathe
plasmocytom because the plasmoblast is
very similar to the imunoblast. The
difference is that in the cytomorphic
culture,
we can identify,
besides
plasmoblasts,
other
cells
of the
plasmocytary line (the proplasmocyte,
the
plasmocyte
and
even
the
imunoblast),
there
is therefore
a
polymorphic proliferation different from
the monomorphic proliferation within the
imunoblastom.
Fig. 47 - 63 are reserved to the
plasmocytom, a malignant lymphoma
with plasmocytes in pure culture. It can
rarely evolve in a "cytemic" way, being in
most cases "acytemic". In veterinarian
medicine, the plasmocytom
evolves
outside
the
osseous
system
parenchymatous at lymph nodes' level
included, splenic in the medullary territory
of hematopoiesis.
The lymph node, from a cytomorphological point of view, is completely
73
NlCOLAE
MANOLESCU,
Fig. 64 - 71 - sunt rezervate unei

adevarate
surprize
pentru
hemopatiile
maligne din medicina veterinara, aceasta

este legata de aspectul
oferit de
"TEZAURISMOZE". Acestea se identifica
In exclusivitate la nivel limfonodal 9i/sau
splenic. Proliferarea celulara este alcatuita
din celule de talie mare, peste
nucleii
excentrici,
larga acidofila
3D)..!
cu
avand 0 citoplasma
plina de vacuole
care
con1in atat lipoproteine

cat 9i lipide
complexe. Nucleul are 0 cromatina, fin
reticulata cu prezen1a rara a nucleolilor,
fara mitoze celulare.
Popula1ia tipic
limfocitara Intr-o cantitate mai mare sau
mai mica poate lipsi complet In unele
zone In func1ie de gradul de afectare al
structurii normale limfonodale.
Fig. 72 - 80 reprezinta Maladia tip
Waldenstrom
Citomorfologic, aspectul este foarte
caracteristic, In sensul ca acest Iimfom
malign indiferent daca este dezvoltat la
nivelul structurilor limfonodale sau prin
metastazari de la acest nivel In alte
1esuturi sau viscere se traduce exclusiv
prin proliferarea atat a celulelor limfoide,
cat 9i a celor plasmocitare. Elementul
citomorfologic caracteristic este prezen1a
la nivelul liniei limfoide a unor celule
blastice
(limfobla9ti
9i prolimfocite
In
numar redus) alaturi de celule limfocitare

adulte cat 9i la nivelul liniei plasmocitare
a elementelor
proplasmocite)
mature.
74
blastice (plasmob1a9ti 9i
alaturi
de plasmocite
EMILIA BALINT
reshuffled and instead of the polymorph

lymphoid
population,
a polymorph
population can still be identified, but it
belongs exclusively to the plasmocytary
cell sub-line.
It is composed of rare
imunoblasts,
frequent
plasmoblasts,
together
with
proplasmocytes
and
plasmocytes. Mitoses are very frequent,
on the contrary, cell abnormalities and
cell gigantisms are rare.
Fig. 64 - 71 - are reserved to a true
surprise for malignant homeopathies
within veterinarian medicine, related to
the aspect offered by "THESAURISMOSES".
They can be identified
exclusively at lymph nodes and/or splenic
levels. The cellular proliferation is made
of big cells, over 3D)..! with eccentric
nuclei,
having
a
wide
acidophiliccytoplasm
full of vacuoles that
contain both lipoproteins and complex
lipids.
The nucleus
has a finely
reticulated
chromatin,
with a rare
presence of nucleoli without mitoses .
The typically lymphocytic population in a
greater or smaller quantity may miss
completely in certain areas depending on
the degree to which the normal lymph
node structure is affected.
Fig. 72 - 80 represents
strom's Disease
Walden-
From a cytomorphological
point of
view, the aspect is very characteristic as
this malignant lymphoma, no matter if it
develops at lymph nodes' structures or by
metastases from thIs level towards other
tissues or viscera, manifests exclusively
through the proliferation of both lymphoid
Diagnosticul diferential se face numai

cu proliferarile limfoplasmocitare reactive
sauh;;i inflamatorii. In aceste reactii, la
nivelul limfonodal,
nu se identifica
niciodata elemente celulare blastice din
cadrul celor doua serii celulare.
Studiul
citomorfologic
minutios
al
acestei forme tumorale pune In evidenta

existenta a doua varietati celulare de
maladie tip Waldenstrom:
- 0 forma tumorala de maladie tip
Waldenstrom predominant limfocitara
(masiva proliferare limfocitara cu rare
plasmocite);
- 0 forma tumorala de maladie tip
Waldenstrom - predominant plasmocitara (masiva proliferare plasmocitara
cu rare limfocite).
cells and of plasmocytary ones. The

characteristic cytomorphological element
is the existence at both the lymphoid line
level of some blast cells (Iymphoblasts
and few prolymphocytes) together with
adult.
lymphocytic
cells
and
at
plasmocytary line level of blast elements
(plasmoblasts
and
proplasmocytes)
together with mature plasmocytes.
Differential diagnosis is established
only with Iymphoplasmocytary reactive
or/and inflammatory
proliferations.
In
these reactions, at lymph nodes' level,
blast cellular elements from the two cell
series can never be identified.
The detailed cytomorphologica study
of this tumor form reveals the existence
of two cellular varieties of Waldenstrom's
disease:
- A mostly lymphocytic tumor form of
Waldenstrom's
disease
(massive
lymphocytic
proliferation
with rare
plasmocytes) ;
- A mostly plasmocytary tumor form of
Waldenstrom's (massive plasmocytary
proliferation with rare lymphocytes).
75
9L
.LNI7VB vI7/w3 'nOS370NVVV 3V700iN
Fig.
Fig. 4
77
BL
iNl7l1g III7/VV3 'n~S370NIIJN 31170~1N
Atlas de ancacitamarfalagie
Fig.
Fig.
7
79
DB
..
iN/TriB tfl7/W3 'n;JS370NtfW 3tf70;J!N
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
81
lNl7'r1B
G8
'rI17/w3 'nOS370N'rI1/tJ 3'r17001N
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
83
iN/Tv'S
v8
9t "6!d
'tf17/W3 'nOS370N'tfJIV 3'tf7001N
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
85
iN/W8
98
IfI7/W3 'n8S370NIfW 31f708/N
Fig.
22
Fig.
23
87
88
.iN/Trig 'tI17/W3 'nOS370N'tI/IV 3't17001N
Fig.
26
Fig.
27
89
.iN/We
06
'v'17/W3'n~S370N'v'W 3'v'70~1N
Fig. 30
Fig. 31
91
iN/Tv'B
V17/W3 'n:JS370NVI/V
c6
3V70:J/N
Fig. 34
Fig.
35
93
.iN/Tv'S
't/17/VV3 'n:JS370N't/VV
176
3't/70:J1N
Fig.
38
Fig. 39
95
iN/W8
96
'tf17/W3'nOS370N'tfW 3'tf7001N
Fig.
42
Fig. 43
97
.LN17Vg V17IW3 'nQS370NVVV
86
3\f70QIN
Fig. 46
Fig. 47
99
--------------------------
iN/Tv'S
'tf17IW3 'nQS370N'tfW
oo~
3'tf70QIN
Fig. 50
Fig. 51
101
.LNl7lfg lfl7/W3 'n:JS370NlfW 3lf70:J1N
Fig. 54
Fig.
--------------------------
55
103
--------------------------
vO~
.LN17\1B \l17lw3 'nOS370N\lW 3\17001N
la canide ~i feline / Atlas of canine and feline oncocytomorphology
Fig.
58
Fig. 59
105
--------------------------
90~
09 "6!d
.1NITv'B 1117IW3 'n;JS370NIII/IJ
31170;J1N
Fig.
62
Fig. 63
--------------------------
107
--------------------------
BO~
lNI7'tfB 'tf17/w3 'n~S370N'tfW 3'tf70~1N
Fig.
66
Fig. 67
109
--------------------------
O~ ~
69 '6!d
.iN/Tv'S 1f17/W3'nOS370NlfW 3lf7001N
Fig. 70
Fig. 71
--------------------------
111
--------------------------
iN/Trl8
G~ ~
1117/w3'n~S370NIII/V 31170~1N
Fig. 74
Fig.
--------------------------
75
113
--------------------------
t~~
LL -B!d
9L 'B!d
.iNI7'rfB 'rf17/w3 'n8S370N'rfW 3'rf708/N
la canide ?i feline / Atlas of canine and feline oncocytomorphology
Fig. 78
Fig. 79
115
--------------------------
9~ ~
08 'B!d
.LN/Tv"g \f17/W3 'n:Js370N\ff/IJ
3\f70:J/N
C_A~ITOLUL9~1
CHA~TER9
'{
SARCOMUL HISTIOCITAR
HISTIOCYTAR SARCOMA
Este 0 forma tumorala cu frecventa

medie, la specia canina 9i felina.
Sarcomul histiocitar este situat sub-
It is a skin tumor frequency average at

canine and feline species. The histiocytar
sarcoma is situated under the skin and
tegumentar, afectand tesutul conjunctiv

subcutan. Tumora are un inalt grad de
malignitate datorita prezentei anaplaziei
celulare proliferate.
Tabloul citomorfologic (fig. 1 - 8) este
relativ polimorf, dominanta celulara este
histioblastul anaplazic. Celulele au 0 talie
mare > 30 !l cu raportul nucleo-citoplasmatic in favoarea nucleului. Nucleii
sunt de regula rotunzi sau u90r ovalari.
Cromatina este pieptanata 9i lasa sa se
identifice prezenta structurilor nucleolare.
Citoplasma
este relativ redusa de
culoarea "fumului de tigara". Acest tip
celular nu poate fi confundat cu nici 0 alta
celula din cauza elementului dominant
affects the subcutaneous

conjunctive
tissue. The tumor has a high degree of
malignancy because of the presence of
cellular proliferated anaplasia.
The cytomorphologic table (fig. 1 - 8)
is relatively polymorphic, the cellular
dominant is the anaplastic histioblast.
The cells have high waist > 30 !l with a
nucleo-cytoplasmic
ration favoring the
nucleus. The nuclei are usually round or
slightly ellipsoidal. The chromatin has a
"brushed form" and lets us identify the
presence of nucleoli's structures. The
(anaplazia celulara) care se identifica cu

mare u9urinta.
--------------------------
cytoplasm is relatively reduced and has

the color of "cigarette smoke". This cell
type cannot be confused with any other
cell because of the dominant element
that can be easily identified (anaplasia
cell).
117
'O!d
J.N17\fg \f17IW3 'n:JS370N\fj!1J 3\f70:J1N
Fig.
Fig. 4
119
-~-
----.-
~---
--------------------------
iN/Wg
OG~
'tf17/W3'n:JS370N'tff/IJ 3'tf70:JIN
Fig.
Fig.
--------------------------121
:CA~IJ_OLUL_tO_LCHA~TE
MASTOCYTOMA
MASTOCITOMUL
este 0 tumora mezen-
Mastocitomul
chimala a teritoriului hematopoietic cu 0

mare frecventa la specia canina putand
sa Imbrace aspecte extrem de diferite.
Ne vom referi pe de 0 parte la localizarea
acestei forme tumorale, iar pe de alta
parte la aspectul citoproliferativ.
Referitor la localizare se disting 3
forme: una sLibcutano-mucoasa, una
viscera/a, 9i 0 forma /eucemica. Primele
doua forme reprezinta malignizarea post
citoproliferare
junctival
a mastocitului
9i/sau visceral),
fix (con-
iar cea de-a
treia forma este datorata citoproliferarii 9i

malignizarii
mastocitomului
medular, cu
invazie sangvina (Ieucemie), secundara,

consecutiv alterarii diabazei medulare.
Referitor la baza celulara a proliferarii
mastocitare distingem trei forme:
- forma predominant mastocitara cu
celule adulte,
- forma mastocitara predominanta cu
celule blastice
forma mastocitara
mordiale.
cu celule
pri-
Legenda figurilor (fig. 1-15)
Mastocytoma
is a mesenchymal
tumour of the hematopoietic territory with
a high frequency in canine species and it
can take very different aspects. We will
refer to the location of this tumoral type,
on one hand, and to the cytoproliferative
aspect on the other hand.
Regarding to location, 3 forms are
to be distinguished:
a subcutaneomucous, a visceral form, and a
leukemic form. The first two represent

the transformation of the fix ( conjunctival
and/or
visceral)
mastocyte
into
malignant one, after cytoproliferation,

while the third form is due to the
cytoproliferation and the malignization
of the medullary .mastocytom
with
secondary sanguine invasion ( leukemia)
after the alteration of the medullar
diabase.
With reference to the cellular base
of the mastocytary
proliferation
we
distinguish
three
forms:
the predominantly mastocytary form with adult
cells, the predominantly
mastocytary
form with blastic and the predominantly
tifica un melanj celular format din celule

adulte mastocitare alaturi de 0 celu-
mastocytary with primary cells.

The legends of figures (fig 1-15)
In the mastocytary
proliferation a
cellular mixture can be identified; it is
laritate blastica mastocitara,
formed of adult mastocytary
In proliferarea
--------------------------
mastocitara
se iden-
cat si
, rare
cells plus
123
NiCOLAE
MANOLESCU,
elemente celulare primordiale, de asemenea specifice clasei mastocitare.
EMILIA BALINT
blastic mastocytary
cells plus rare
primordial cellular elements, which are
specific to the mastocytary class as well.
Celula mastocitara adulta (fig. 15)

Are 0 talie de circa 18 11 9i este
acoperita cu granule negre, fine, care nu
respecta nici nucleul 9i nici citoplasma.
Foarte putine spatii nucleare sunt lasate
libere.
The adult mastocytary cell (fig.15)

It has a small size of about 18 11 and it
is covered with black granules that do not
comply with any nucleus or cytoplasm.
Some very small nucleic spaces are left
open.
Celula mastocitara blastica (fig. 11)

Celula blastica se diferentiaza prin
talie mai mare (22-24 11), nucleullasa cu
greutate sa se evidentieze 1-2 nucleoli.
Caracteristica
este dispunerea
quasi
regulata aHH Tn citoplasma, cat 9i Tn
nucleu a unor multiple granule fine de
culoare neagra, care nu conflueaza.
Celula
mastocitara
The blastic cell is distinguished by

larger size (22-24 11), and the nucleus
leaves narrowly highlight 1-2 nucleoli.
Characteristic
is the quasi-regular
arrangement
of multiple fine black
granules, that don't confluate, both in the
cytoplasm and in the nucleus.
primordiala
(fig. 1 9i 12)
Este 0 celula rara avand 0 talie mare,
circa 28-30 11. Frecvent aceste celule se
afla Tn diviziune. Elementul caracteristic
este acela ca poseda un numar mult mai
mic de granule fine, negre situate atat Tn
citoplasma, cat 9i Tn nucleu.
Diagnosticul diferential trebuie sa se
faca Tntre:
Celula mastocitara unde granulele,

de regula, sunt mai fine acoperind
deopotriva nucleul 9i citoplasma. Reactia
metacromatica cu albastru de toluidina
este pozitiva.
Celula melanica. (cu granulatii
de
melanina)
are
reactie
negativa
metacromatica (cu albastru de toluidina),
granulatiile
sunt grosiere,
dand un
124 --------------------------
The blastic mastocytary cell (fig.11)
The primordial mastocytary cell

(fig. 1and 2)
It is a rar cell with a large waist,
around 28-30 11. These cells are frequently
in the
process
of division.
The
characteristic element is the one that it
has a much smaller number of fine black
granules located both in the cytoplasm
and in the nucleus.
The differential
made between:
diagnosis
must be
The mastocytary cell where
the
granules are generally finer and they

cover
both the nucleus
and the
cytoplasm. The metachromatic
with toluidin blue is.positive.
reaction
The melanic cell (with granulations of

melanin) has a metachromatic
negative
aspect de granulatii polimorfe care

acopera intreaga celula ca 0 veritabila
"pata neagra" sau manta.
Sistemul celular granulocitar
bazofil
In acest caz diferentierea fata de

celula mastocitara se face foarte greu,
putand fi confundata. Important de precizat este ca frecventa legata de speciile
canina ~i felina a proliferarii maligne a
sistemului celular granulocitar bazofil
este quasi inexistenta comparativ cu
frecventa de la pasari unde prolifereaza
ambele tipuri celulare. Daca totu~i se
confunda bazofilul ~i mastocitul, nu este
grav, deoarece aceste tipuri celulare sunt
strans inrudite ~i beneficiaza de acelea~i
indicatii terapeutice, prognostic, avand
aceea~i evolutie ~i tratament.
reaction (with toluidin blue). The

granulatjons are rough, giving the aspect
of polymorphous granulations which
cover the whole cell like a genuine "black
spot" or a cloak.
.
The basophilic granulocyte cellular
system
In this case is very difficult to

differentiate it from the mastocytary cell,
easily leading to confusions. It is
important to mention that the frequency
related to the canine and feline species of
the malignant proliferation of the
basophilic granulocyte cellular system is
almost inexistent in comparison with
frequency in birds where both cellular
types proliferate. However, if basophilic
granulocyte and mastocyte granulocyte
are mistaken for each other, this error is
not serious, because these cellular types
are closely related and they have the
same therapeutic indications, the same
prognostic and the same evolution and
treatment.
125
--------------------------
9G~
.. "
t -
..."-.- -...----..
-~"
" "7
..-....-
'.""""'"
"""t'
~'~~
I. .
"~~','fI..~
..
iN/Tv'S
V17/VV3 'nOS:370NVW
3V7001N
Fig.
Fig. 4
127
--------------------------
.LN/Tv'8 't/J7/w3 'nOS370N't/W
8G~
3't/700iN
Fig.
Fig.
--------------------------129
--------------------------
08~
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
--------------------------131
.LNI7'tf8 'tf17/w3 'nOS370N'tfW
G8~
3'tf7001N
Atlas de ancacitamarfafagie
fa canide $i fefine / Atlas of canine and feline ancacytamarphafagy
Fig. 15
--------------------------
133
CA~ITOLULll1CHA~IER
11
THE MALIGNANT MELANOMA
MELANOMUL MALIGN
de cancer
It is one of the form of cancer that we
Intalnite In cazuistica noastra. Melanomul
have met in our practice. The melanoma
poate fi localizat la nivelul tegumentului,
can
indiferent
irrespective of the topography, including
Este una dintre formele
glanda
de
topografie,
mamara,
inclusiv
In
dar 9i In structurile
corioretiniene ale globului ocular. Cel mai

important lucru pentru medicina veterinara
este
stabilirea
diagnosticului
be
located
on
the
tegument,
mammary glands, and the corioretinial

structures of the globular eye. The most
important thing for veterinary practice is
to establish
the positive diagnosis
for
pozitiv de melanom malign 9i diferential

fata de mastocitom. Diagnosticul dife-
malignant melanoma and to differentiate

it from mastocytoma. The differential
rential se face prin analiza granulelor
diagnosis
celulare. Astfel granulele din melanom
cellular granules. So the granules in the
sunt polimorfe, adica sunt 9i de mici

dimensiuni, cat si
, de mari dimensiuni,
melanoma are polymorphous,
say they are both small and big and they
putand genera 0 veritabila "pata neagra"
can generate a genuine" black spot" that
care acopera deopotriva toata celula. In
covers the whole cell. In the mastocytom
cazul mastocitomului granulatiile sunt

fine 9i omogene dispuse mult mai
the
uniform. (vezi fig. A - mastocitom; B, C, D

- melanom)
disposition (see fig. A - mastocytom;
can
be done
granulations
homogenous
by analyzing
are
having
that is to
fine
a more
and
uniform
B,
C,D-melanom ).
In fig. 1 - 7 se prezinta un caz In care
In fig.1 - 7 we present a case where
se observa placarde de celule tumorale

melanice
care
infiltreaza
teritoriile
one can notice placards of melanic

tumoral cells that infiltrate into the
epiteliale
tegumentary epithelial territories. In spite
tegumentare.
Cu toate
ca
aspectul granulatiilor este relativ uniform
of the
9i dens, apar Insa 9i multiple celule care

contin granulatii melanice extrem de
granulations
densificate
contain
luand aspectul
sau
"pata
neagra",
structura nucleului.
--------------------------
de "manta"
nerespectand
fact
that
the
aspect
is relatively
of the
uniform
and
dense, there are also many cells that

melanic
granulations
that are
extremely densified and that acquire the

aspect of a cloak or of a " black spot",
135
NiCOLAE
MANOLESCU,
ln fig. 8 -10 Intr-un alt caz granulatiile

polimorfe sunt prezente In citoplasma de
jur Imprejurul nucleului 1?i Intr-o mica
masura pe nucleu.
In fig. 11 - 15 prezentam mai multe
celule tumorale melanice In care celula
este acoperita qvuasi total de a1?azisa
"pata neagra" sau "manta" alcatuita
exclusiv din confluarea granulelor din
citoplasma.
In fig. 16 - 19 prezentam un caz de
melanom malign, 0 forma cu multiple
"celule gigante" care au pe langa
granulatiile
melanice,
1?i zone de
confluare a acestora sub aspectul de
"manta" melanica.
In fig. 20 - 22 se sintetizeaza
imaginea reala inconfundabila a unei
celule tumorale maligne melanice, In
care se distinge polimorfismul granulat
melanic fata de granulatiile mastocitare
din cadrul celulei tumorale maligne de tip
mastocitar.
In fig. 23 se identifica prezenta unei
metastaze de melanom malign Intr-un
tesut limfonodal.
Fig. A - Celula mastocitara (pentru
comparatie cu celula melanica).
Celule melanice (pentru
Fig. B, C,
comparatie cu celula mastocitara).
Apar diferente
de morfostructura
granulara net diferite. Celulele nu pot fi
confundate dupa 0 pregatire speciala In
diagnosticul oncocitologic.
0-
136 --------------------------
EMILIA BALINT
without obeying
nucleus.
the structure
of the
In fig. 8-10, in another case, polymorphous granulations are present in the

cytoplasm all around the nucleus and in a
small extent on the nucleus.
In fig. 11-15 we present several
melanic tumoral cells in which the cell is
. almost totally covered by the so called "
black spot" or" cloak", exclusively made
up of the confluation of the granules in
the cytoplasm.
In fig. 16-19 we present a case of
malignant
melanoma,
a form with
multiple "giant cells" that have melanic
granulations,
as well as areas of
confluation under the aspect of melanic"
cloak ".
In order to make synthesis, fig. 20-22
present the real, unmistakable image of a
melanic malignant tumoral cell in which
one can distinguish the polymorphism of
melanic granulations
contrary to the
mastocytary
granulations
within the
malignant tumoral cell of a mastocytary
type.
In fig. 23 one can identify the
presence of a metastasis of malignant
melanoma in a Iymphonodal tissue.
Fig. A - Mastocytary cell (in comparison
with melanic cell).
Fig B, C,
Melanic cells (in
comparison with mastocytary cell).
There
are granular
morfostructure
differences clearly different cells can not
be confused after a specially trained in
diagnosis oncologically.
0 -
Fig. 1
Fig.
2
137
88~
iN/Tv'S
'v'17/W3 'n:JS370N'v'W
3'v'70:J1N
--------------------------
Fig.
Fig.
6
139
----------------------~---
Ov~
J.NI7I1B 1117/W3 'nOS370NIIVV
3117001N
Atlas de ancacitamanalagie
Fig.
Fig. 10
--------------------------141
--------------------------
GV~
IN/Tv'g 1f17/W3'n:JS370NlfW 3lf70:J/N
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
--------------------------
143
--------------------------
9t
.iN/Tv'S
VV~
-{j!d
'v'17/W3 'n:JS370N'v'/N
3'v'70:J1N
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
--------------------------
145
'"
9v~
..
j
'
..'W
II
.lNI7\1B
\l17/w3
'nOS370N\l1/V
3\17001N
Fig. 21
Fig.
22
147
--------------------------
8v~
.iN/Tv'S V17/W3 'n~S370NVW 3'v'70~1N
..
--------------------------
Fig.
25
Fig.
26
149
--------------------------
lN17'v'8
os~
'v'17IW3 'n:JS370N'v'VV 3'v'70:J1N
CAPIIOLUL 12/ CHA~TER_12
FIBROSARCOMUL
THE PROLIFERATION OF THE

MAliGNANT FIBROBLAST
Aceasta forma de cancer face parte

din categoria "sarcoamelor de parti moi".
This form of cancer belongs to the
are 0
category "the soft parts sarcomas". The
Forma maligna
de fibrosarcom
incidenta foarte ridicata i?i nu prezinta 0
malignant form of fibrosarcoma
localizare
very
tipica sau specifica,
putand
aparea In orice parte a corpului.

In fig. 1 citomorfologic
3 se prezinta
aspectul
al unor celule tumorale
citoplasma
cat
and there
is no
typical or specific location, which may
fibroblastice.
Imaginile
arata
ca
fibroblastul tumoral este de talie mare,
at at
high incidence
has a
i?i prelungirile
occur in any part of the body.

In
fig.1-3
morphological
is
present
the
cyto-
aspects of a fibroblastic
tumoral cell. The images show that the

tumoral fibroblast is waist size and that
acesteia au 0 tendinta neta bazofila.

Nucleul este mare, cu cromatina mult
have an obvious
mai relaxata, lasand sa se distinga In
The nucleus is large with a much more
cele mai bune conditiuni 1 - 2 nucleoli.

Multe din aceste celule sunt binucleate.
relaxed chromatin, leaving to distinguish
In fig. 4 - 7 se vizualizeaza aspectul

clasic de sarcom fibroblastic moderat
anaplazic.
Se prezinta
ca 0 masiva
both the cytoplasm and its prolongation

basophilic
tendency.
the best condition 1-2 nucleoli. Many of

these cells are bi-nucleate.
In figA-7 we can see the classical
aspect of moderately anaplastic fibroblastic sarcoma. It looks like a massive
proliferare de celule alungite cu tendinta

neta de confluare. Nucleii sunt rotunzi
proliferation
sau alungiti cu cromatina laxa, ce lasa sa
obvious
se observe
diviziunilor
nuclei are round or elongated with lax
citoplasma
bazofile.
1-3 nucleoli. Frecventa

celulare
este
ridicata,
i?i prelungirile
In fig. 8 -
sunt intens
of elongated
tendency
aparte de fibroblastom - fibroblastomul

Inalt anaplazic giganto-celular.
--------------------------
Celulele
to confluation.
The
chromatin, which leaves to observe 1-3

nucleoli. The frequency of cell divisions is
high, the cytoplasm
17 se prezinta 0 forma
cells with an
and prolongations
are intensely basophilic.

In fig. 8-17 we present a special form
of fibroblastoma
- the giant cell highly

151
NiCOLAE
MANOLESCU,
EMILIA BALINT
gigante pot fi extrem de polimorfe 9i au 0
anaplastic fibroblastoma. The giant cells
talie mare variabila Intre 25-60 !-t.

Celula rotunda sau fuziforma are 0
can be extremely
polymorphous.
They
have a big size, varying between 25-60 !-t.

The round or fusiform cell has a
citoplasma variabila, fie intens bazofila

sau acidofila. Nucleii sunt In numar
variable
variabil de la 2 la 10, sunt de regula
intensely basophilic or acidophilic.
oligocromi cu 3-4 nucleoli. Aceasta forma
number of nuclei vary from 2 to 10. The
tumorala are un grad Inalt de malignitate
nuclei are generally oligochrom with 3-4
gratie atipiilor celulare 9i a unei anaplazii

maximale. Este necesar sa se faca un
nucleoli. This tumoral form has a high
atent diagnostic diferential fat a de un alt

sarcom de tesut
moale si
anume
,
,
rabdomiosarcomul.
In final vom adauga 0 imagine tipica
de rabdomiosarcom
pe care
0 vom
comenta vis-a-vis de forma gigantocelulara a fibrosarcomului. Daca avem

imaginea clara a sarcomului fibroblastic
forma giganto-celulara
este nevoie de 0
scurta prezentare a rabdomiosarcomului.
Imaginea A In rabdomiosarcom
which
is
either
The
degree of malignancy due to the cellular

abnormalities
and
to a maximal
anaplastia.
This tumoral form needs a
very careful diagnosis that should not

mistake it for another sarcoma of soft
tissue: rabdomyosarcoma.
Finally, we will add a typical image of
the
rabdomyosarcoma
which
we will
comment in comparison with the giant

cell form of the fibrosarcoma. If we have
the
se
cytoplasm,
clear
image
of
the
fibroblastic
sarcoma in its giant cell form, we need a
distinge
0 proliferare
masiva _ de
rabdomioblaste care au 0 talie mare 30 !-t
cu un monomorfism elocvent. Celulele,
short presentation
sarcoma.
de regula, sunt rotunde sau trapezoidale
one can distinguish
cu
feration of radoblastia with a big size, of
citoplasma
larga,
bazofila
9i
of
the
rabdomy-
In image A of the rabdomysarcoma
30
a massive
proli-
with an eloquent monomorphism.
emitatoare a doua prelungiri.

Nucleii sunt mari, situati, excentric, au
Cells are usually round or trapezoidal
cromatina
with a large basophilic
In "bulgari"
9i un nucleol
cytoplasm with
two prolongations.
gigant.
Imaginea B, de asemenea, specifica

rabdomiosarcomului,
!-t,
se vizualizeaza
celula giganta de talie 100 !-t cu 15-20

nuclei. Citoplasma este bazofila ~i emite
The
big
nuclei
are
situated
eccentrically,
have the chromatin
"lumps" and a giant nucleolus.
in
In image B (is .also specified to the
mai multe prelungiri la ambii poli celulari.
rabdomysarcoma)
one can see a giant
Nucleii sunt dispU9i In toata citoplasma,
cell of size 100
!-t
152 --------------------------
with 15-20 nuclei.
prezinta cromatina In "bulgari" cu 0 tenta
The cytoplasm is basophilic and sends
oligocroma.
out- several
Fiecare nucleu lasa sa se
prolongations
to
both
distinga prezenta unui nucleol. In acest

fel nu pot exista confuzii Intre cele doua
cellular poles. The nuclei are disposed
forme ale sarcoamelor
chromatin is in "lumps" with a oligochrom
de
throughout
parti moi.
tendency.
Fig. 1 $i B - reprezinta imaginea

oferita comparativ a rabdomiosarcomului
the whole
cytoplasm,
Every nucleus
their
leaves us to
distinguish the presence of a nucleolus.

Thus, there can be no confusion between
cu care, teoretic s-ar putea confunda un
the two forms of soft parts sarcomas.
fibrosarcom, dar imaginile care pledeaza

pentru rabdomiosarcom nu lasa nici un
dubiu de confuzie.
Fig. 1 and B - represent the image

offered
the
rabdomysarcoma
theoretically
fibrosarcoma,
compared
to
confuse
it could
but
the
images
pleads for rabdomysarcoma

. doubt of confusion.
--------------------------153
witch
leaves no
",l
i
.;. t
-~""
lNI7\fB
\fI7IW3 'nOS370N\fW 3\f700IN
..
Fig.
Fig.
--------------------------155
.iN/WB
9S~
'tf17/w3 'nOS370N'tf1lV 3'tf7001N
Fig.
Fig.
---------------------------157
-------------------------
8S~
lNITt/B ifnlW3 'n:JS370NifW 3if70:J/N
Fig. 11
It
Fig. 12
--------------------------
159
09~
.iN/Tv'S tt17/VV3fn~S:nONttW 3tt70~1N
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
--------------------------161
--------------------------
G9~
iN/Tv'S V'17/W3'n~S370NV'W 3V'70~1N
CCAPIIOLUL~'l3cI ~CJ:lAEIER 13,
RABDOMIOSARCOMUL
Rabdomiosarcomul
este
0 tumora
maligna a tesutului muscular striat ~i are

are 0 frecventa ridicata la caine ~i pisica.
Rabdomiosarcomul
necesita un atent
diagnostic diferential vis-a-vis de sarcomul
fibroblastic,
forma
gigantocelulara. In ambele forme de evolutie a
acestor
neoplasme,
mijlocul
de
diagnostic
pozitiv ~i diferential
este
examenul
citomorfologic
consecutiv
biopunctiei formatiunii tumorale.
Examenul citomorfologic
Releva aspectul celulelor musculare
atipice, alungite cu nucleii fuziformi
plasati la periferia miocitului. Nucleii sunt
oligocromi, de marimi diferite; lasand sa
se Intrevada
un nucleol gigant. 5e
remarca ~i prezenta micronucleilor (fig.
6), citoplasma
celulara
este larga,
bazofila ~i se anastomozeaza In cadrul
structurilor miocitare (fig. 1-6).
in cadrul liniei proliferative In pare'nchimul tumoral se identifica, $i celulele
globuloase (fig. 7-19) care au numai 0
singura prelungire citoplasmatica. Aceste
celule sunt de talie mare, de peste
30-40 /-1, cu citoplasma bazofila sau
amphofila. Nucleul celular este excentric,
~i are un nucleol gigant. Cromatina
nucleara este dispusa "In gramezi".
--------------------------
RABDOMYOSARCOMA
Rabdomysarcoma
is the malignant
tumour of the striated muscular tissue.
This on frequently met in the case of
pets. As we have already seen in the
chapter
on
fibroblastic
sarcoma,
rabdomysarcoma needs a very careful
diagnosis which should be different form
Jhe fibroblastic sarcoma, the giganticcellular form. In both form of evolution of
cancer, the main means of diagnosis is
the cyto-morphologic test made after the
bio-punction of the tumoral formation.
The localization is situated wherever
there are striated muscular structures.
The cytomorphological
test
It reveals the aspect of the atypical

elongated muscular cells, with fusiform
nuclei placed on the periphery of the
myocyte. The nuclei are oligo-chrom, of
different
sizes,
revealing
a giant
nucleolus. There are also micronuclei
(fig. 1-6). The large, basophile, cellular
cytoplasm undergoes anastomosis within
the myocytary structures (fig. 1-6)
Along the proliferative
line in the
tumoral pachyderm globular cells can
be identified ( fig. 7-19); they have only
one cytoplasmatic prolongation. These
cells are waist high, more than 30-40 /-1,
with basophilic or amphophilic cytoplasm.
163
NiCOLAE
MANOLESCU,
Fig. 15-16. Sunt prezentate doua

celule bi-nucleate gigante cu citoplasma
bazofila sau amphophila. Nucleii sunt
tachicromi ~i nu lasa sa se vizualizeze
structurile nucleolare.
In fine, cel mai important aspect pe
care noi I-am vizualizat este celula
gigantii
multinucleatii,
zisa ~i "In
paianjen". Aceste celule pot ajunge pana
la 150 /-!, ~i pot contine pana la 50 de
nuclei, unele dintre ele pot avea multiple
prelungiri.
Nucleii sunt normocromi
avand 1-2 nucleoli de talie mica.
Citoplasma este. bazofila sau acidofila.
Numarul de mitoze este procentual marit
(fig. 20 - 24).
Tabloul celular al rabdomiosarcomului
este cel mai polimorf din toate formele de
cancer
cunoscute,
este
cea
mai
anaplazica tumora, ceea ce ne face sa
conchidem ca este cea mai maligna, cu
evolutia cea mai scurta ~i cea mai
rezistenta la terapia cu citostatice.
EMILIA BALINT
The cellular nucleus is eccentric and has

a giant nucleolus. Nuclear chromatin is
disposed in piles.
Fig. 15-16: two giant bi-nucleate cells
with basophilic or amphophilic cytoplasm.
The nuclei are tachichrom and prevent
the visualization of nucleolar structures.
Finally, the most important aspect that
we viewed is the giant multi-nucleate cell,
also called "the Spider". These cells can
reach up to 150 /-! and may contain up to
50 nuclei, some with multiple prolongations. The nuclei are normochrom, with
1-2 small nucleoli. The cytoplasm is
basophilic or acidophilic. The number
of mitoses is increased for 100 cells
(fig. 20-40)
The cellular picture of the rabdomyosarcoma is the most polymorphous of all
the forms of cancer known in pets.
It is also the most anaplastic form of
cancer, which makes us conclude that it
is the most malignant form of cancer, with
the shortest evolution and the most
resistant to the cytostatic therapy.
164 --------------------------
la can ide ~i feline / Atlas of canine and feline oncocytomorphology
"
Fig. 1
Fig.
2
165
99~
lNITv'B 1117IVV3
'n~S370NIIW 31170~1N
Fig.
Fig.
6
167
--------------------------
89~
iN/7'v'B tt17/W3 'n~S370NttlN 3tt70~1N
Fig.
Fig. 10
169
--------------------------
.LN/7'v'B
V17IVV3 'n:JS370NVI/V
OL~
3V70:J1N
Fig. 13
.,
:\Ii-:g
...
~~
.. ~
,.,..,.
. ."".,. t- " .
..
,.
::to
,"~
r
Fig. 14
171
--------------------------
J.N17VB V17IW3
GL~
'n~S:nONVW3V70~1N
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
--------------------------
173
--------------------------
vL~
.LN17I1B 1117IW3 'nOS370NIIVV
3117001N
Fig.
21
Fig.
22
--------------------------
9L~
iN/Tv'S 'tf17/W3'n:JS370N'tfW 3'tf70:JIN
HEMANGIOSARCOMA
HEMANGIOSARCOMUL
In oncologia animalelor de companie
aceasta
forma
este
foarte
rara,
In the oncology of pets this is a very

rare form of cancer representing the
reprezentand
malignizarea
teritoriului
vascular, care poate avea loc Tn orice
malignization of the vascular territory,

which can occur in any tissue or any
viscus. We are presenting these cases
tesut sau Tn orice viscer. Prezentam

cazurile
diagnosticate
Tn practica
noastra, acestea constituind uneori 0
diagnosed in our practice, some of these

being identified only in necropsy.
surpriza de necropsie.
Hemangiosarcoma
Hemangiosarcomul
Fig. 1-12: Proliferarea
maligna a
tesutului vascular se vizualizeaza pentru
specialist sub forma unui melanj celular
alcatuit din:
- celule musculare
de tip vascular
(miocite) malignizate
(fig. 1-3);
- celule endoteliale malignizate (fig.
4-10);
- celule adventiciale malignizate (fig.
11-12);
Miocitele vasculare tumorizate (fig.
1-3) sunt celule ovoidale de 20-25 1-1,
avand nucleul situat central. Nucleul este
tachicrom,
nucleolii
sunt neevidentiati.
, ,
Citoplasma este bazofila prezentand una

sau doua prelungiri situate la capetele
celulei. Unele dintre celulele proliferate
sunt Tn mitoza.
Celulele
malign
endoteliale
proliferate
(fig. 4-10) sunt celule volumi-
----------------~----------
Cytomorphological test
Fig 1-12 Malignant proliferation of the
vascular tissue appears to the specialist
under the form of a cellular mixture made
up of:
- malignized
muscular cells of a
vascular type (miocites) (fig. 1-3)
- malignized endothelial cells (fig.
4-10)
- malignized adventicial cells (fig.
11-12)
Tumorized vascular myocytes (fig.
1-3) are ovoid cells of 20-25
1-1,
whose
nl}cleus in centrally situated. The nucleus

is tachichrom,
the nucleoli are not
highlighted. The cytoplasm is basophilic
and it presents one or two prolongations
situated at the end of the cell. Some of
the proliferated cells are in mitosis.
Endothelial cells malignanatly proliferated (fig. 4-10) are voluminous cells
over 30 1-1. The cytoplasm presents a
177
NiCOLAE
noase
de
talie
mare,
peste
MANOLESCU,
30
Il.
Citoplasma prezinta 0 prelungire groasa,

care imprima celulei 0 forma rachetiforma, 9i este intens bazofila. Nucleul
este situat excentric, are cromatina
densificata, fiind usor
tachicrom. La 0
,
examinare foarte atenta se deduce
prezenta structurilor nucleolare. Alaturi
de aceste tipuri celulare se mai identifica
o forma celulara intens proliferata cu un
aspect limfocitic-Iike.
Celulele adventiciale (fig. 11-12)

sunt foarte bine reprezentate. Aceste
celule au 0 talie mare de circa 30 Il cu
nucleul plasat strict excentric. Cromatina
nucleara este dens structurata lasand sa
se vada 1-2 nucleoli 'In fiecare celula.
Citoplasma este bazofila 9i ext rem de
bogata 'In granule oxifile prezente 'In
portiunea contranucleara.
178 --------------------------
EMILIA BALINT
thick prolongation that gives the cell a

rachetiform
form. The cytoplasm
is
intensely basophilic. The nucleus is
situated eccentrically, it has a densified
chromatin, slightly tachichrom. Upon very
careful examination, one can infer the
presence of nucleolar structure. Apart
from these cellular types, one can identify
a cellular form intensely proliferated with
a lymphocyte-like aspect.
Advencial cells (fig.11-12) which are
very well represented. These cells have a
big size of about 30 Il with the nucleus
placed strictly eccentrically. The nuclear
chromatin is densely structured, allowing
for 1-2 nucleoli to be seen in every
cell. The cytoplasm is basophilic and
extremely rich in oxyphilic granules in the
counternuclear area.
Fig. 1
Fig.
2
179
~~-~~---~-----------------
lNl7l1B
1117/w3 'n:JS370NIIW
08~
31170:J1N
Fig.
Fig.
--------~-~---------~--~--181
-------------------------GB~
1N17V8 V17lw3 'nOS370NVJ!V 3'tf7001N
Fig.
Fig. 10
--------------------------183
--------------------------
.1N17'rfB 'rf17IW3 'nOS370N'rfW
vB~
3'r:f700IN
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
--------------------------185
--------------------------
9B~
lN17\fB \f17IVV3'nOS370N\fW 3\f7001N
iCA~ITQLllt.-15..LCI:tAeIER~t5
OSTEOSARCOAME
In lumea animala tumorile maligne
osoase au 0 inalta frecventa fiind c1asate
aproape In toate datele statistice epidemiologice In primele locuri. In cazuistica
noastra frecventa acestor neoplazii este
foarte ridicata.
Diagnosticul
acestor
forme tumorale beneficiaza de 0 serie de
particularitati comparativ cu alte localizari
ale neoplaziilor.
Aspectul general anatomo-clinic

este destul de caracteristic, deoarece
deformarea regionala este ul?or de identificat pe un segment osos care are 0
serie de aspecte cunoscute, cum ar fi:
- tumefactia de diferite marimi ce se
localizeaza Intr-o zona cu tesut
osos;
- zona deformata este nedureroasa;
- aderenta tumorii este localizata
strict la planul profund;
- examenul
radiologic
releva fie
prezenta unei rarefieri de tesut osos
relativ circumscrisa,
fie a unei
neoformari deformante de tesut
osos;
- la examenul biochimic, fosfataza
alcalina sangvina are valori mult
crescute fat,a de statusul normal;
Aspectul citomorfologic. Practicarea

biopunctiei neoformatiunii duce la un
diagnostic pozitiv l?i diferential Intre un
cancer fie primar osos, fie o. stare
---------------------------187
OSTEOSARCOMA
In the world of animal, the malignant
tumors of the bone have a high rate of
frequency, being classified almost in all
epidemiological statistics in top positions.
In practice, the frequency of these
neoplasias is of course very high. If
compared to other locations of this
disease the diagnosis for those forms of
cancer
benefits
from a series
of
particularities.
The general anatomic and clinical

aspect is, generally, a quite typical,
because the regional deformation
is
easily identified on a bone segment with
a series of known issues, such as:
The tumefaction of various sizes
appears in an area with bone tissue;
- The distorted area is painless;
- The adherence of tumors is located
strictly in deep structure;
- The X-ray examination reveals a
well circumscribed rarefaction of the
bone tissue or a distorting neoformation of the bone tissue;
- alkaline phosphatase in blood has
very high levels in comparison with
the normal status;
The
cytomorphological
aspect.
The execution of the biopuncture of the

neoformation
makes it possible
to
establish
a positive and differential
diagnosis between primary cancer, and
an inflammatory osseous state or of a
NiCOLAE
MANOLESCU,
inflamatorie osoasa sau periostala juxta

osoasa, cat 9i fat a de un cancer primar
conjunctival juxta osos sau a unor focare
de metastaza
neoplazica.
Analiza
citomorfologica In cazuistica noastra a
cuprins urmatoarele aspecte:
- Osteosarcomul
osteocitic
sau
sarcomul osos cu celule mici (fig.
1). Aceasta forma celulara este
alcatuita din osteocite (celule de
talie mica cu nucleul excentric
intens
colorat
cu
rari
nucleoli,
majoritatea acestora fiind ecranati.

Citoplasma este bogata 9i puternic
bazofila, prezinta un numar redus
de vacuole 9i de asemenea 0
redusa cantitate de hidroxiapatita.
Atat mitozele cat 9i atipiile celulare
sunt putin exprimate, gradul de
malignitate este la un nivel inferior,
deoarece exista un net caracter de
buna diferentiere
celulara;
,
- Osteosarcomul osteoblastic.
pe
la bun Inceput retinem caracterul de

slaba diferentiere a osteobla9tilor
cu frecvente mitoze 9i anaplazii
celulare care Ii imprima un net
caracter de Inalta malignitate (fig.
2-6). Citologic aspectul este de
proliferare celulara mixta alcatuita
atat din celule rotunde, cat 9i din
celule fuziforme mai mult sau mai
putin bine exprimate. Celulele sunt
de talie mare, depa9ind adesea
30 Il, avand nucleul relativ central
sau excentric. Cromatina relativ
densa lasa sa se distinga 1-4
nucleoli de talie mare cu grad ridicat
188 --------------------------
EMILIA BALINT
periostal reaction, but also between a

primary bone cancer or some focuses of
neoplazic metastases. The cytomorphological analysis in our cases has included
the following aspects:
- Osteolytic osteosarcoma or the
bone small cells sarcoma (fig. 1).
This cellular form is made up of
osteocytes (small size cells with
eccentric vividly colored nucleus,
rarely with nucleoli, most of them
being shielded. The cytoplasm is
rich and strongly basophilic.
It
presents a reduced number of
vacuoles and a reduced quantity of
hydroxyapatites. Both mitoses and
cellular abnormalities are very rare.
The malignancy degree is at an
inferior level, as there is a net
character of good cellular differentiations;
Osteoblastic osteosarcoma. We
mention from the very beginning the
feature of poor differentiation of the
osteoblasts with frequent mitosis
and cellular anaplasias that provides a high level a malignancy (fig.
2-6). The cytologic aspect is one of
mixed cellular proliferation of both
round and fusiform cells, more and
less well expressed. The big size
cells, often exceeding 30 Il, have a
relatively
central
or eccentric
nucleus.
The
relatively
thick
chromatin leaves to distinguish 1-4
big size nucleoli with a high degree
of basophilia. The cytoplasm is
slightly basophilic, but it is present
in a particularly large quantity, many
cells have numerous
intracyto-
de bazofilie. Citoplasma este slab

bazofila, dar este intr-o cantitate
deosebit de mare, multe celule
avand numeroase vacuole intracitoplasmatice l?i multe incluzii de
hidroxiapatita.
0 caracteristica,
este identificarea
la multe celule
osteoblastice
tumorale
a unor
prelungiri citoplasmatice mai scurte
sau foarte lungi.;
- Osteosarcomul osteoclastic (fig.
7-15). Aceasta
forma gigantocelulara este alcatuita din tipuri de
celule
tumorale
extrem
de
anaplazice, cu frecvente mitoze l?i
inalte atipii. In aceasta varietate
tumorala identificam trei tipuri de
celule proliferate:
1. osteoblastul
tumoral quasi
clasic, anterior descris, cu singura observatie ca citoplasma
este intens bazofila l?i Iipsita de
incluzii de hidroxiapatita;
2. osteoblastul
tumoral atipic
care este fie 0 celula relativ
rotundo-ovoidala sau 0 celula
fuziforma cu 0 prelungire mica
groasa, avand 0 citoplasma
extrem de bazofila cu multiple
vacuole l?i fara prezenta cristalelor de hidroxiapatita. 0 importanta caracteristica este existenta in numar considerabil a
acelulelor bi- sau trinucleate.
Nucleii acestor celule contin
nucleoli multipli l?i atipici.
3. osteoclastul tumoral este 0
celula de talie foarte mare (peste
--------------------------189
plasmatic
vacuoles
and many
hydroxypatite
inclusions.
An
important feature, revealed during
the cytologic examination, is the
identification of many osteoblastic
tumoral cells of some cytoplasmatic
shorter or longer extensions;
- Osteoclastic osteosarcoma (fig.
7-15). This giant cellular form is
made up of different types of
extremely anaplastic cells, with
frequent mitoses and high abnormalities.
Within this tumoral
variety we identify three types of
proliferated cells, as follows:
1. the tumoral quasi classic osteoblast, previously described, with
only one observation that the
cytoplasm is highly basophilic and
mostly devoid of hydroxyapatite
inclusions;
2. the atypical tumoral osteblast
which is either a relatively roundoval cell or a fusiform one with a
small thick extension, having an
extremely basophilic cytoplasm
with multiple
vacuoles
and
without hydroxyapatite crystals.
An important feature is the
existence of a high number of bior tri- nucleus cells. The nuclei of
these cells contain multiple and
atypical nucleoli.
3. the tumoral osteoclast is a very
large size (over 70 Il), giant,
multi-nucleus cell with a variable
number of nuclei, from 4-30.
Nuclei have a high level of
abnormality with the presence of
multiple
giant nucleoli.
The
NiCOLAE
70
MANOLESCU,
EMILIA BALINT
cytoplasm
Il) giganta, multinucleata,
is basophilic,
wide,
cu
un numar variabil de nuclei, intre
with a large number of vacuoles
4-30). Nucleii au un grad ridicat
and hydroxyapatite inclusions. It
de
de
is the most malignant form next
multipli nucleoli giganti. Citoplasma este bazofila, larga, cu 0

cantitate variabila de vacuole ~i
cu incluzii de hidroxiapatita. Este
to the following cellular pattern

that we will describe.
atipism
cu
prezenta
forma cea mai maligna alaturi

de urmatoarea forma celulara pe
care 0 vom descrie.
4. Osteocrondrosarcomul
(fig .16-
4.
Osteochondrosarcoma
16-24).
This
highly
malignant
cellular pattern shows a cellular

mixture composed
osteocytes
of classical
(os),
24). Aceasta forma celulara de
tumoral chondrocytes
inalta malignitate prezinta un

amalgam celular alcatuit din
osteocite
clasice,
condrocite
giant
tumorale c1asice ~i condroblaste
described
gigante tumorale. Daca osteocitul tumoral clasic a fost descris

mai sus, vom descrie numai
celulele condrale tumorale.
Condrocitele clasice tumorale
sunt celule de talie mica 12-14 ~
avand 0 forma rotunda cu fine
microvilozitati. Citoplasma prezinta vacuole, este larga ~i
bazofila. Nucleul este normocrom, cu pozitionare excentrica
~i posed a un singur nucleol.
5. Condroblastele gigante multinucleare tumorale sunr celule
de talie mare 30-40 Il avand 0
citoplasma
structura
larga bazofila
multinucleara
~i 0
de
regula inmugurita. Nucleii 1asa

sa se distinga prezenta structurilor nucleolare.
190 --------------------------
(fig.
tumoral
(cdrbl).
(cdr) and
chondroblasts
Because
tumoral
classical
the classical
osteocyte
has
above,
describe
only
chondral cells.
the
been
we
will
tumoral
Classical tumoral chondrocytes

are small size cells 12-14 Il with
a round shape and fine microvilosities. The cytoplasm is wide,
basophilic, with vacuoles.
The
nucleus
with
is normochrom,
eccentric position and posses a

single nucleolus.
5. Giant multinuclear
chondroblasts
cells
(30-40
basophilic
tumoral
are large-size
Il)
with a highly
cytoplasm
and
multinuclear
structure usually
blossomed .. The nuclei allow to
distinguish
the presence
nucleolar structures.
of
--------------------------
Fig.
Fig.
2
191
--------------------------
IN/Tv'g
'v'17/W3 'n;JS370N'v'/IV
G6~
3'v'70;J1N
Fig.
Fig.
---------~----------------193
--------------------------
v6~
8 "61::1
J.NI7'tfB 'tf17/W3 'n:JS370N'tfW
3'tf70:J1N
Fig.
Fig. 10
--------------------------
195
96~
lNITv'B V17IW3 'nOS370NVW 3V7001N
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
--------------------------197
--------------------------
86~
..
iN/We
IfI7/W3 'nOS370NIfVIJ 31f7001N
Fig. 17
"
Fig. 18
--------------------------
199
--------------------------
oo~
J.N/TtfB 'v'17/W3 'n:JS370N'v'W
3'v'70:J1N
Fig.
21
Fig. 22
--------------------------
201
--------------------------
GOG
.-
..
.~'W'
..
~.L
//
J.NI7\18 \l17/W3 'nCJS370N\I/IV 3\170CJIN
CA~IIOLULJ.6_LCHA~T.EB~1
SINOVIOMUL MALIGN
MALIGNANT SYNOVIOMA
This form of expression of malignant
Aceasta forma de exprimare a bolii

canceroase
are 0 incidenta
redusa
animalele
la
Localizarea
de
companie.
frequency
also
quite
reduced
in pets. The location of this
cointeresa oricare dintre marile articulatii

gasesc
interested any of the big articulations or all

areas where can be found bursale
structuri bursale. Diagnosticul se sustine
structures. The diagnosis is supported by
pe
the
baza
zonele
unde
se
examenului
anatomo-clinic,
radiologice
9i pe examenul
rezultatele
In
fig.
1 se prezinta
anatomic
clinical,
radiological
observations and by the cytomorphological

result of the biopuncture.
citomorfologic al biopunctiei.
(fig. 1 - 5)
un caz de
sinoviom malign forma pseudoepitelia/a unde se distinge prezenta unui
~
::~.:.
conglomerat
din celule
celular monomorf alcatuit

sinoviale
care Imbraca
1\'"
'\
has
neoplastic form is variable and may be
toate
variabila
disease
putand
sau
este
destul de
Cytomorphologic
examination
(fig.
1 - 5)
In fig.
1 we
present
a case
of
malignant synovioma - pseudoepithelia/ pattern. We can see the

presence
of a cellular
monomorphic
conglomerate composed of synovial cells
\~:<
aspectul pseudoepitelial. Celulele sunt

de talie medie 18!J.,cu 0 citoplasma larga
which
\\\
acidofila care emite 0 serie de prelungiri.
appearance. The cells are medium-sized
\-;\\\\ Nucleul
rotund
este
hipocrom
\'\\\\\ structura cromatiniana condensata.
cu
Nu
~\0.~se
disting
nucleolii.
Celulele
din
\\\Y::. conglomerat
au tendinta de a conflua.
\\;~\'.: In fig. 2 - 5 se prezinta aspectul de
takes
pseudoepithelial
18!J., with a wide acidophil
cytoplasm
issuing a series of extensions. The round

nucleus is hypochrome with a condensed
chromatin structure. We cannot reveal
"'1"'\
\)\~,.:
sinoviom malign pseudofibrob/astic.
\;\\\\\Celulele sinoviale
Imbraca
aspectul
\\\\\lseudofibroblastic.
Celulele au lungi
~',\\\\\relungiri
cu
0
tenta
bazofila
neta. Nucleii
'. "~1'
(:\\\ynt alungiti, mariti In volum cu aceea9i
\\\\\------------------------;:\~:;\\
. ;~ \1'
nucleoli. The conglomerate's cells have a

confluent tendency.
In
fig.
we
present
the
pseudofibrob/astic pattern of malignant

synovioma. The synovial cells takes
pseudofibroblastic
appearance.
The
203
NtCOLAE
MANOLESCU,
EMILIA BALINT
cromatina nucleara densificata 9i fara a
cells have long extensions with a clear
exprima
prezenta
nucleolilor.
De
asemenea, In ambele forme diviziunile
basophilic
celulare lipsesc. Aspectul general este de

o proliferare celulara cu grad redus de
malignitate.
tendency.
The
nuclei
elongated, increasing in volume with the

same thickened
nuclear
chromatin
without
expressing
the
presence
of
nucleoli. Cell divisions are missing from

both forms. The general appearance
that of cellular proliferation
grade malignancy.
204 --------------------------
are
is
with a low-
Fig. 1
Fig.
--------------------------
2
205
--------------------------
90G
J.N/TtfB lfl7/W3 'n:JS370NlfW 3lf70:J1N
Fig.
--------------------------
207
CA~ITOLUL 17 LCHA~IER_1Z
LlPOSARCOMUL
Este una dintre cele mai rare forme
citomorfologice
de cancer la specia
canina. EI face parte din categoria de
neoplazii maligne mezenchimale
ale
tesutului conjunctiv moale (sarcoame de
parti moi).
Proliferarea celulara (fig. 1 - 10) este
polimorfa In sensu I prezentei de celule
de la talie mica pfma la foarte mare (de la
20 /J. - 60 /J.). Aceste celule au un caracter
comun, acela al aspectului citoplasmei
care e alcatuita dupa forma unui veritabil
"fagure de miere". Citoplasma imprima ~i
aspectul general al celulei, ce poate fi
quasi-rotunda pana la fusiforma, cu una
sau mai multe prelungiri. Desigur ca
"ochiurile" din citoplasma sunt actualmente foarte goale datorita alcoolului
metilic care dizolva depozitele de lipide.
Nucleii celulari sunt plasati diferit, fie
central fie excentric,
cu cromatina
densificata
In diferite grade, iar In
structura cromatinei se identifica prezenta
unui nucleol. Caracteristic pentru aceasta
forma de cancer este prezenta In numar
mare a diviziunilor celulare amitotice (fig.
10). Un element constant este acela al
prezentei formelor atipice ~i gigante (fig.
LYPOSARCOMA
It
is
one
of
the
most
rare
cytomorphological forms of cancer in the

canina species. It belongs to the category
of mesenchymal malignant neoplasias of
the soft conjunctive (connective) tissue
(soft parts sarcoma ).
Cellular proliferation
(fig. 1-10) is
polymorphous, namely there are from
small to very large cells (from 20 /J. to
60 /J.). These cells have a common
characteristic, the aspect of the cytoplasm
is that of a genuine honeycomb. The
cytoplasm gives the general aspect of the
cell that which can be quasi-round or
fusiform, with one or sev~ral prolongations.
Obviously, the "loops" of the cytoplasm,
at present very empty because of the
methylic alcohol which dissolves fat
deposits. Cellular nuclei are placed
differently, centrally or eccentrically, with
chromatin that is densified in various
degrees. The presence of a nucleolus
can be identified in the structure of the
chromatin. No cellular mitoses can be
identified, there are only amitoses (fig.
10). One constant element is that of the
present of various atypical and giant
forms ( fig. 5, 6, 10).
5,6, 10).
--------------------------
209
--------------------------
O~G
.LN17vg V17IW3 'n:JS370NVW
3V70:J/N
--- ---
---------------------------
Fig.
Fig.
4
211
---------------------------G~G
"
..
lN17tffj tf17IW3 'n~S370NtfVV 3tf70~1N
--------------------------
Fig.
Fig.
8
213
V~G
lNI7'rfB 'rf17/W3'n~S370N'rfVV 3'rf70~1N
CA~ITOLUL 18l CHA~IER 18
THE CANCER
OF THE MAMMARY GLAND
CANCERUL
GLANDEI MAMARE
Aceasta localizare a bolii canceroase
This localization of the cancer has a
la can ide si
, la feline are 0 frecventa,
high frequency
ridicata 9i prezinta 0 serie de dificultati de
presents
diagnostic,
de enunt
prognostic
cu implicatii
diagnosis,
changing
the prognostic
implication on its evolution, which has a
evolutiv
9i de
Tn zona tera-
series
peutica dintre cele mai marL Prin punctia
very important
neoformatiunii
punction
glandei mamare, urmata
de examenul citomorfologic, se urmare9te Tn primul rand Tncadrarea corecta a

neoformatiunii
Tn categoria
de tumora
benigna sau maligna. Apoi se urmare9te
in dogs and cats and

difficulties
in
issues in therapy. The
of the
mammary
of
neo-formation
gland,
cytomorphological
followed
of the
by
the
examination, is meant
to help the specialist to identify the

deasise whether the neoformation is
benign
or malignant
tumor. Then the
definirea bazei celulare a proliferarii

tumorale 9i a G-ului celular.
Acesta se refera la stabilirea celor
cellular base of the tumoral proliferation

is identified as well as the cellular G.
patru c1ase de Tncadrabilitate a tumorilor
This refers to the establishment of the
mamare din punct de vedere al gradului
four classes in which mammary tumors
de diferentiere. Acestea sunt:

1. Celule tumorale maligne
can be included from the point of view of

bine
the degree of differentiation.
slab
cells
1. well differentiated malignant tumoral
diferentiate.
2.
Celule
diferentiate.
3. Celule
tumorale
tumorale
maligne
maligne
nedi-
ferentiate.
4. Celule tumorale maligne anaplazice.
2. poorly
tumoral cells
differentiated
malignant
3. non-differentiated malignant tumoral

cells
Odata cu aprecierea 9i introduce rea

Tntr-una din aceste 4 clase a fiecarui caz
4. anaplastic malignant tumoral cells

Once each case has been identified
Tn parte,se vor face referiri la aspectele

oferite de multiplicarea celulara astfel:
as belonging to one of these 4 classes,
1) Nu se identifica diviziuni celulare.

--------------------------
references will be given to aspects of cell

multiplication as follows:
215
NlCOLAE
MANOLESCU,
2) Multiplicarea celulara se realizeaza

prin amitoza.
3) Se remarca prezenta de rare
mitoze tipice 9i atipice.
4) Se identifica un numar mare de
celule Tn diviziune atipica.
Imagistica noastra prezinta 0 seri.e de
aspecte particulare ale neoplasmului
mamar la canide, Tntre aceste imagini
retinem:
Fig. 1 - 5: Carcinom
vegetantpapilifer - cu multiple mitoze atipice, cu
grad semnificativ de anaplazie, care Tn
final conduce la un diagnostic de cancer
de Tnalta malignitate, cu 0 evolutie scurta,
generand
metastaze
Iimfonodale
9i
hepatice
Tntr-un termen
scurt. Se
recomanda
ablatia
chirurgicala
9i
instituirea chimioterapiei.
Fig. 6 - 7: Carcinom solid. - aceasta
forma prezinta un grad Tnalt anaplazic cu
gigantism celular 9i nucleolar. Diviziunile
celulare se realizeaza prin amitoza.
Fig. 8:
identifica
celulare
tumorale
necrotica
Adenocarcinom
mamar. - se
u90r fata de celelalte forme
pe seama prezentei celulelor
epiteliale cubice Tntr-o masa
cu infiltrat celular inflamator.
Diviziunile celulare sunt amitotice, fara a

se putea semnala un grad de anaplazie
celulara. Celulele tumorale au un grad
mediu de malignitate. Evolutia acestei
forme celulare este de mai lunga durata,
iar metastazele sunt rare.
0 forma.
Fig. 9 - 10: Carcinosarcom.tumorala
rara, unde se combina 0
proliferare
concomitenta
a celulelor
ductale cubice (fig. 9), omogene cu grad
216 --------------------------
EMILIA BALINT
1) Cells
identified.
in
division
cannot
be
2) Cellular multiplication is amitotic.

3) There are rare atypical and typical
mitoses.
4) There are a great number of cells in
atypical division
. Our images shows a series of
particular
aspects of the mammary
neoplasm in dogs, among these we
highlight:
Fig 1 - 5: Papillary carcinoma -with
multiple atypical mitoses, with a significant
degree of anaplasia which ultimately leads
to a diagnosis of cancer highly malignancy,
with a short evolution,
generating
Iymphonodal and hepatic metastases.
Surgical ablation is recomanded and
chemotherapy estabilishment.
Fig. 6 - 7: Solid carcinoma.This form
shows a high anaplastic degree with
cellular and nucleolar gigantism. Cell
divisions are done through amitosis.
Fig 8:. Mammary adenocarcinoma.
It is easily identifiable because of the
presence of cubic epithelial tumoral cells
in a necrotic mass with inflammatory
cellular infiltration. Cell divisions are
amitotic, without a cellular anaplastic
degree. Tumoral cells have a average
degree of malignity. The evolution of
these cellular type is longer lasting and
metastases are rare.
A rare
Fig. 9 - 10: Carcinosarcoma.
tumoral which combines a concomitant
proliferation of ductile' cubic cells (fig 9),
homogenous, with a low-grade malignancy
and of mioepithelial cells (fig.10) which
redus de malignitate
l?i a celulelor
mioepiteliale (fig'. 10) care prezinta in
schimb un grad inalt de atipism celular.
In fig. 11 - 14 - se prezinta aspectele
speciale ale metastazei carcinomatoase
cu punct de plecare glanda mamara intrun limfonod, unde structura normala
limfocitara este invadata de una sau mai
multe celule carcinomatoase metastazante.
--------------------------
presents in exchange a high degree of

cel1ular abnormality.
In fig 11 - 14 - It presents particular
aspects of the metastases
of the
carcinoma with a starting point in the
mammary gland in a lymph node the
normal Iymphocitary structure is invaded
by one
ore
several
metastazing
carcinoma cells.
217
--------------------------
8~G
.LN17'rf8 'rf17IW3 'nOS370N'rf1/V 3'rf7001N
Fig.
Fig. 4
--------------------------
219
--------------------------
.lNI7\1B
\l17/w3
'n:JS370N\I/N
0GG
3\170:J1N
--------------------------
Fig.
Fig.
8
221
--------------------------
GGG
lNl7lfB
1f17IVV3'n:JS370NlfW 3lf70:J1N
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
--------------------------
223
--------------------------VGG
.LNI7't1B
'tI17/w3
'nOS370N'tIW
3't17001N
CAPITOLUL
19 I CHA
..
1.9
THE CANCER
OF THE URINARY BLADDER
CANCERUL
VEZICII URINARE
Tumorile maligne ale vezicii urinare
au Tn cazuistica noastra
0 frecventa
ridicata la animalele de companie (caine
9i pisica).
Forma
citomorfologica,
cea
mai
frecventa, este carcinomul tranzitional

sub diferite forme de organizare tisulara.
Bazandu-ne pe faptul ca hematuria
este simptomul eel mai frecvent al unei
neoplazii maligne vezicale Tntoate cazurile
obligatoriu
se efectueaza
examenul
citomorfologic al sedimentului urinar. In
vederea coroborarii mijloacelor de investigatie anatomoclinice pentru stabilirea
diagnosticului
corect, se examineaza
vezica urinara ecografic pentru a urmari
aspectul general morfologic.
Desigur ca acolo unde sunt neclaritati
se poate t'ecut'ge ~i la examenul citoscopic
urmat de realizarea biopsiei dirijate pentru
investigatiile histopatologice.
Examenul citomorfologic releva Tn
Our
experience
shows
that
the
malignant tumors of the urinary bladder

are highly frequent in pets.
The most common cytomorphological
form is transitional carcinoma under
various types of tissular organization.
Taking
into
consideration
that
hematuria is the most common symptom
of the bladder malignant neoplasia in all
the cases in which we proceeded to the
compulsory cytomorphologic examination
of the urinary sediment, apart from the
cytomorphological test. In view of the
corroboration of the means of anatomoclinical
investigation
for
properly
diagnosis, the specialist must proceed to

the echographic
examination
of the
urinary bladder to see what the general
morphologic aspect is.
Of course, whenever
there are
uncertainties,
one can resort to the
1) Carcinom tranzilional papilifer

non invaziv (fig. 1 - 5). Aspectul
citomorfologic al sedimentului urinar este
cytoscopic
examination,
followed
of
directed
biopsy for histopatological
investigations.
The cytomorphological test reveals in
our case the following aspects:
1) Non-invasive papillary transitional
relativ caracteristic Tn sensul existentei

unor multiple placarde celulare, lipsite de
mitoze sau amitoze, fara anaplazie
carcinoma (fig 1 - 5) the cytomorphologic aspect of the urinary sediment is

relatively typical, there are multiple cell
cazuistica noastra existenta urmatoarelor

aspecte:
--------------------------
225
NtCOLAE
celulara, imprimand un caracter
MANOLESCU,
mono-
mort prin formele ~i marimile celulelor

proliferate. Elementele de analiza celulara
necesare
elaborarii
unui diagnostic
corect pentru a se indica ulterior terapia
sunt reprezentate de:
- citoplasma celulelor
proliferate
este
acidofila cu palida tenta de bazofilie;

- cromatina nucleara este in diferite
grade laxa, buretoasa;
nucleolii nu sunt vizibili.
Aceasta forma citomortologica
mai rar intalnita.
este
2) Carcinomul tranzilional papilifer

invaziv bine diferenliat (fig. 6 - 10).
Este de malignitate
caracterizeaza astfel:
redusa
~i se
- existenta de placarde vegetante;

- anaplazia celulara este prezenta dar
redusa cantitativ;
- lipsa mitozelor atipice;
- apare bazofilia citoplasmatica;
- nucleolii Incep sa se vizualizeze;
- cromatina nucleara se densifica.
3. Carcinomul tranzilional papilifer

invaziv de inalta malignitate (anaplazic).
(fig. 11 - 19).
Este cea mai Intalnita forma In clinica
veterinara.:.
Aceasta se caracterizeaza prin:
- celulare vegetante sunt prezentate In
placarde ~i individual;
- celulele au un grad foarte mare de
anaplazie;
celulelesunt
de
talie
citoplasma
bazofilica,
prezinta 1-2 nucleoli;
226 --------------------------
mareiar
cu
nucleul
EMILIA BALINT
placards, with no mitoses or amitoses,

without
cellular
anaplasia,
with a
monomorph character through the forms
and sizes of the proliferated cells. The
elements of cellular analysis required to
prepare a correct diagnosis to indicate
the appropriate therapy are:
- the cytoplasm of the proliferated cells is
acidophilic with a slight tendency to
basophilia.
- the nuclear chromatin is lax and has a
sponge-like aspect.
- the nucleoli are not visible.
This cyto-morphological form is very
rarely in a clinic.
2) The well-differentiated invasive
papillary transitional carcinoma (fig. 6
- 10)
This cytomorphological form is rather
rarely discovered
as well. This is
characterized as follows:
- the existence of vegetant placards;
cellular anaplazia is present but in a
small quantity;
- the lack of atypical mitoses;
the presence of cytoplasmatic basophilia;
- the nucleoli can be visualized;
- the nuclear chromatin densifies.
All these
new cellular
aspects
(in
comparison with those known as a noninvasive form) still exist to a large extent
together with cytomorphological aspects
offered by transitional epithelial cells that
started to proliferate malignantly, but
stopped in the process.
3.
Highly mali'gnant invasive

papillary
transitional
carcinoma
(anaplastic) fig. (11 - 19).
- cromatina
nucleara
19i schimba
aspectul fie din lax-buretos initial fie de
compactizare,
Intr-o structuralizare
lamelar fasciculata;
- multe celule sunt bi- sau trinucleate;
- diviziunile celulare se realizeaza nu
numai prin mitoza ci 9i prin amitoza.
It is the most common form to be met

- in the veterinary clinic.
This
form
has
characteristics:
the
following
- vegetant cellular placards are present:

- the cells in the placard or the individual
ones have a very high degree of
anaplasia;
- cells are big and have basophilic
cytoplasm, and the nucleus has 1-2
nucleoli.
The nuclear chromatin changes its
initial aspect which was lax, sponge-like
and of compactisation, into a structure
that is lamella-like and fascicle-like;
- many cells are bi or tri nucleate;
- divisions are no longer carried out
predominately
by mitoses but by
amitosis.
--------------------------
227
--------------------------
lNITtfB
'v'171/IV3'nOS370N'v'W
SGG
3'v'7001N
Fig.
Fig. 4
--------------------------
229
--------------------------
lNI7l;/8
l;/17//tV3
08c
'nOS370Nl;/W 3l;/700/N
--------------------------
Fig.
Fig.
8
231
--------------------------
.LN17'tfg 'tf17/l/IJ3 'n8S370N'tfW
2:82:
3'tf708/N
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
--------------------------
233
--------------------------
lNl7vB
PSG
'v'17/W3 'n;JS370N'v'VV 3'v'70;J/N
Fig. 15
...
Fig. 16
--------------------------
235
--------------------------
98G
8t 'fJ!d
J.NlTtf8
If171W3 'nOS370NIfW
31f7001N
Fig. 19
--------------------------
237
SEMINOMUL TESTICULAR
Este 0 tumora extrem de maligna,
generand de timpuriu metastaze In
pulmon ~i ficat. Seminomul se realizeaza
pe
suportul
malignizarii
celulelor
spermatogonice din testicul. EI are 0
frecven1a sub medie pentru animalele de
companie. In urma examenului anatomoclinic se poate formula diagnosticul
pozitiv
~i cel diferen1ial pe baza
examenului citomorfologic
consecutiv
biopunc1iei testiculare.
Examenul citomorfologic (fig. 1 - 3)
Se vizualizeaza diferite plaje celulare
epiteliale formate din celule de talie mare
> 25 f.l. Aceste celule poliedrice pot avea
o citoplasma bazofila sau acidofila, relativ
larga ~i agranulata. Nucleul este rotund,
mare, avand cromatina reticulata sub
forma de bulgari. Nucleii lasa sa se
observe 1-2 nucleoli de talie relativ mica.
TESTICULAR SEMINOMA
It is an highly malignant tumor that
generates early metastases in lungs and
liver. The seminoma appears due to the
malignization of the spermatogonic cells
of the testicles. It has a below average
frequency for pets. Unlike the anatomoclinical test, the cytomorphological test
made after the testicular punction can
give diagnosis.
The cytomorphological test (fig.1 - 3)
Various cellular epithelial
ranges
consisting of large cells size(> 25 f.l) can
be seen. These polyedrical cells can
have a basophilic or acidophilic cytoplasm,
which is relatively large and granulated.
The nucleus is round, large, with
reticulate chromatin having the form of
lumps. The nuclei allow us to see 1-2
nucleoli of a relatively small size. Mitoses
are frequent atypical. -
Mitozele sunt frecvent atipice.
--------------------------
239
--------------------------OVG
iN17VB
V17lw3 'nOS370NVVV
3V7001N
Fig.
--------------------------
241
CA~IIOLU.Ll21J
CI:U\P-.TER 21
SERTOLIOMA
SERTOLIOMUL
Este 0 tumora a tesutului de sustinere
a Iiniei seminale a testiculului semimaligna, care metastazeaza ~i are 0
frecventa redusa la canide ~i feline .
Tumorile testiculare, de regula, sunt
surprize ale interventiei
chirurgicale
specifice orhiepididimectomiei practicate
In alte scopuri (castrare).
Dupa
sectionarea
longitudinala
(equatoriala) a testiculului, tumora se
pune u~or
chimatos.
In
evidenta
intraparen-
Examenul citologic (fig.
1 - 3)
Aspectul este destul de caracteristic, de
proliferare celulara monomorfa, cu celule
at~H rotunde cat ~i u~or ovoidale. Nucleii
mari, veziculari, au 0 cromatina fin
reticulata lasand sa se vada 1-2 nucleoli
de talie mica.
Celulele au 0 citoplasma redusa,
intens bazofila, confluenta, fara a se
putea
identifica
Iimitele
acestora.
Mitozele ~i atipiile celulare sunt rare, din
loc In loc apar celule razlete Leydig
(secretorii), acestea fiind de talie mica, cu
nucleul grosolan, pozitionat excentric
fara
nucleoli.
Citoplasma
domina
0
cantitativ In structura celulara,avand
tenta bazofila bine evidentiata. Alaturi de
aceste celule pot fi observate celulele
specifice liniei seminale.
--------------------------
is a semi-maliganant tumor of the

tissue that supports the seminal line of
the testicle that generate metastases and
It
. has low frequency in pets.The tumors are

usually
surprises
of the surgical
intervention specific to the orchiectomy
applied for other purposes (castration).
After the longitudinal
(equatorial)
cutting of the testicle, the tumor is easily
highlighted intra-parechymally.
The cytological test (fig. 1 - 3) The
appearance is quite characteristic, that of
monomorphous cellular proliferation, with
both round and slightly oval cells. The
large, vesicular nuclei have a chromatin
which is finely reticulated and reveals 1-2
small nucleoli.
The cells have a reduced cytoplasm
which
is intensely
basophilic
and
confluent,
whose edges cannot be
identified. Mitoses and atypical cells are
rare. Some dispersed secretory Leydig
cells appear from place to place. They
are small and their nucleus is rough,
eccentrically positioned, with no nucleoli.
Cytoplasms dominate quantitatively in
the cellular
structure
and have a
basophilic
tendency
which
is well
highlighted. Besides these cells, can be
observed other cells specific to the
seminal line.
243
--------------------------
J.NI7'tfB 'tf17/w3 'nOS370N'tfW
VV~
3\f7001N
Fig.
--------------------------
245
ADAMANTINOMA
ADAMANTINOMUL
Este 0 tumora maligna a tesutului
adamantin de la nivelul gingiilor 9i a
alveolelor dentare care are 0 incidenta
foarte rara la animalele de companie, dar
acest fapt nu trebuie sa-l faca pe
specialist sa 0 ignore prin lipsa de
cunoa9tere.
Celulele proliferate (fig. 1 - 3) sunt
individualizate
sau
conglomerate.
Acestea au 0 talie relativ mare > 25 f.l,
forma este rotund-ovalara cu 0 larga
citoplasma intens bazofila. Nucleul este
de talie mare situat excentric. Cromatina
este
intens
cromofila,
lasand
sa se
observe un nucleol gigant. Tumora

prezinta
un Tnalt grad de atipie
identificandu-se
chiar 9i prezenta de
celule gigante. Mitozele sunt foarte rare.
--------------------------
It is a malignant
tumor of the
adamantin tissue of the gums and of the
dental alveoli, with very rare incidence in
pets, a fact which should not make the
specialist ignore it because of the lack of
knowledge.
The proliferated cells (fig.1 - 3) are
either individual or conglomerates. They
have a relatively big size> 25 f.l, the form
is round-oval with a large intensely
basophilic cytoplasm. The nucleus is big
situated eccentrically. The chromatin is
intensely chromophilic and dense and
reveals a gigantic nucleolus. The tumor
presents a high degree of abnormality
and even giant cells. The mitoses are
very rare.
247
--------------------------
Bt~
l "6!d
lN17'tfB 'tf17IW3'n~S370N'tfVV 3'tf70~1N
Fig.
--------------------------
249
23
CA~ITciEIiE~31CH
EPITHELIAL MALIGNANT
TUMOURS
TUMORI MALIGNE EPITELIAlE

In aceasta categorie
vom prezenta
scazuta In practica noastra, chiar daca
In this category we will present several

cases which have a relatively low
Iiteratura
incidence
cateva cazuri care au 0 incidenta

de
specialitate
relativ
indica
frecventa ridicata a acestora.

In acest grupaj vom diagnostica
cateva forme ale acestor neoplasme,
care au fost realizate fie ca urmare a unor
punctii, fie din sedimentul unui lavaj nazal
sau consecutiv unor necropsii.
1.
Carcinomul
bazocelular
de
in
our
medical
practice,
although the oncologic literature indicates

a high frequency of these tumors.
Therefore, in this group of pictures,
we will present few diagnoses which
were made either as a result of puncture,
through nose
necropsy.
scrub,
or
during
the
tegument (fig. 1 - 3) - se identifica un
1. Basal cell carcinoma of the skin
placard cu multe celule tumorale situat In

regiunea tegumentara a structurii faciale
a animalului. Celulele sunt identice cu
(fig. 1 - 3) We can identify a layer with

more tumor cells located in the region of
the animal skin facial structure. The cells
celulele
are identical to the basal epidemic cells
bazale
epidermice,
avand
un
grad evident de anaplazie celulara, cu
with
anizocitoza
anaplasia with amiocytosis
~i oligocromie
nucleara. Se
poate u~or observa un grad foarte mare

de proliferare celulara dezordonata, cu
blastizare evidenta, fara diviziuni si
, fara
caractere anaplazice.
2. Carcinomul squamos (epiteliomul
an
obvious
olygochromia.
degree
of
cellular
and nuclear
We can easily identify a
high
degree
of
random
cellular
proliferation, with an obvious blastisation,
without divisions or anaplastic features.
2. Squamous carcinoma (spinocel-
morfocitologice
cele mai frecvente la
canide In cazul cancerului tegumentar.
lular epithelium). It is one of the most

common morphocytological
forms in
canine in the case of skin cancer. It
Acesta alcatuie~te tripleta neoplasmului
makes
epidermal alcatuit din forma de carcinom
triplet composed of the form of squamous

carcinoma, undifferentiated
carcinoma
and basal cell carcinoma.
spino-celular)
este una din formele
squamos,
carcinom
carcinom bazocelular.
---------------------------
nediferential
~i
up the
epidermal
neoplasm's
251
NiCOLAE
MANOLESCU,
In fig. 4 - 10 vom prezenta cele doua

aspecte ale carcinomului squamos. Fig. 4
reprezinta aspectul cu celule mici, plaja
celulara este alcatuita din celule de talie
mica, omogene, cu citoplasmele w;;or
bazofile, iar nucleii ovoidali au cromatina
reticulata lasand sa se vizualizeze un
nucleol. In fig. 5 - 10 se distinge aspectul
de carcinom squamos cu celule mari.
Proliferarea celulara este In fond mixta,
formata atat din celule de talie mica mai
sus descrise, cat l?i din celule de talie
mare de peste 30 Il, avand citoplasma
larga, ul?or bazofila pana la intens
bazofila l?i un nucleu mare situat fie
central fie excentric. Cromatina este
densificata In grade diferite, neomogena,
lasand sa se Intrevada prezenta unui
nucleol de talie mare. Din loc In loc apar
celule paracheratozice.
3. Carcinomul nediferentiat (fig. _11)
- se prezinta ca 0 proliferare de celule
epiteliale nediferentiate,
In placarde,
avand un caracter atipic l?i anaplazic.
Celulele sunt surprinse dezordonat,
de
marimi diferite l?i cu frecvente mitoze:

Citoplasma celulara este bazofila, iar
cromatina nucleara densificata lasa sa se
observe In unii nuclei prezenta nucleolului.
4. Adenocarcinomul
vegetant al cavibitilor nazale (fig. 12 - 16) - este
cea mai frecventa forma de cancer din
EMILIA BALINT
In fig. 4 - 10 we will present the two

aspects of squamous carcinoma. Fig. 4
the srllall cells aspect, the cellular range
is made up of small size homogenous
cells, with slightly basophile cytoplasm,
and the ovoid nuclei have a reticulated
chromatin that reveals a nucleolus. In fig.
5 - 10 we can distinguish appearance of
large
cells
aspect
of squamous
carcinoma. The cellular proliferation is
mixed, made up both of the above
described small size cells, and of large
cells of over 30 Il, with a large, slightly to
highly basophile cytoplasm and a big
nucleus situated either in central or
eccentric
position.
The chromatin
has
different degrees of density revealing the

-presence of a large nucleolus. There are
parakeratosis cells from place to place.
3. Undifferentiated carcinoma (fig.
11). It has the aspect of a proliferation
undifferentiated epithelial cells in layers
with an atypical and anaplastic character.
The cells are in disorder form, they have
different sizes and frequent mitoses. The
cellular cytoplasm is basophile, and the
thickened nuclear chromatin reveals the
presence of a nucleolus in some nuclei.
4. The vegetant adeno-carcinoma

of nasal cavities (fig. 12 - 16).
It is the most common form of cancer
in this category. The diagnosis was
obtained as a result of the nasal cavities
aceasta
categorie.
Diagnosticul
s-a
obtinut In urma lavajului cavitatilor
nazale, caredupa centrifugare, s-a etalat
l?i colorarat panoptic concentratul celular
scrub (lavage), after the centrifugation,

by making a smear and after the cellular
concentrate was coloured.
obtinut.
eration "in glove finger" aspect, meaning
252 --------------------------
The appearance
is classical
prolif-
Aspectul este c1asic de proliferare "in

deget de manu9a", adica vegetant
papilifer, cu celule tipice ale mucoasei
respiratorii anterioare (aspect de palisada). Lipsa mitozelor, atipiilor, anaplaziilor 9i monstrozitatilor denota ca,
respectivul caz este surprins Intr-o faza initiala, avand un grad de malignitate
redus.
5. Adenocarcinomul de tiroida (fig.
17 - 19) - celularitatea este specifica

unei proliferari maligne epiteliale, cu vadit
caracter de malignitate celulara (celule
gigantoide binucleate). In citoplasma
unor celule se evidentiaza
incluzii
secretorii cu tenta albastra (Ia coloratia
MGG).
6. Adenocarcinomul vegetant de
prostata (fig. 20 - 24) - are aspect de
~. proliferare celulara epiteliala glandulara,
specifica structurii tesutului prostatic.
Celulele proliferate,
fie ca au fost
surprinse solitar, fie In
microplacard,
prezinta un avansat aspect de anaplazie
celulara, cu atipism 9i gigantism celular.
Raportul nucleo-citoplasmatic _este In
favoarea nucleului, acesta prezentand
nucleoli giganti.
--------------------------
papilipheral vegetant with typical cells of

the anterior breathing mucous (palisade).
The lack of mitoses, abnormalities,
anaplasias and monstrosities denote the
fact that the respective case is in an initial
stage with a low degree of malignancy.
5. The thyroid's adeno-carcinoma

(fig. 17-19).
The cells' aspect is specific to an
epithelial malignant proliferation with an
obvious feature of cellular malignancy
(giant binuclear cells). In the cytoplasm of
some cells some secretory inclusions
with a blue coloration can be identified
(the MGG coloration).
6. The prostate vegetant adenocarcinoma (fig. 20 - 24)

It has the aspect of an epithelial
glandular cell proliferation, specific to the
structure of the prostate tissue that is
attached to the genital masculine system.
The proliferated cells, revealed either
individually, or in micro- layer present an
advanced
aspect of cell anaplasia,
abnormality and gigantism. The nucleocytoplasmatic ratio favors the nucleus,
which presents two huge nucleoli.
253
--------------------------
PSG
iN/Tv'S \f17/VV3'nOS370N\fW 3\f7001N
--------------------------
Fig.
Fig.
255
--------------------------
9Sc
IN/Ttf8
IfI7/W3 'n~S370NIfW 31f70~1N
---------------------------
Fig.
Fig.
8
257
--------------------------
BS~
'6!d
iN/Tv'S tt17/VV3'nOS370Nttw 3tt700IN
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
25
--------------------------
lNl7lfB
Oge
lfl7/W3 'nOS370NlfW 3lf7001N
,.
,.
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
--------------------------
261
--------------------------
J.NI7't18 'tI17/W3 'n8S370N'tIfItJ
G9(;
3't1708/N
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
--------------------------
263
--------------------------
iNI7lf8
P9c
1f17IW3'nOS370NlfW 3lf700/N
--------------------------
Fig.
23
Fig.
24
265
CAPIIOLUL
24 I CHAPTER 24
METASTAZE
C,ARCINOMATOASE
iN CAVITATILE
PERICARDICA,~
~
PLEURALA SI
, PERITONEALA
CARCINOMA METASTASES
IN THE PERICARDIAL,
PLEURAL AND PERITONEAL
CAVITY
Pentru
obtinerea
diagnosticului
citomorfologic
de metastaza carcinomatoasa, (fig. 1 - 11) este necesara
obtinerea lichidului prezent Intr-una din
Cytomorphological (fig 1 - 11) The

diagnosis of carcinoma metastasis in one
of the three cavities is very simple,
because we identify a rich sediment after
cele trei cavitati

enumerate.
centrifugarea
lichidului cavitar
Dupa
se va
the centrifugation of the cavitary liquid, in

which we will find a large amount of
obtine un bogat sediment, din care se vor

realiza frotiuri In care se vor regasi 0
cantitate mare de celule tumorale cu grad
ridicat de malignitate. Celulele tumorale
pot fi individuale sau In multiple placarde
prezentand un grad Inalt de atipism
tumoral cells with a high degree of

malignity. The tumoral cells can be
individualized or as multiple placards with
a high degree of cellular abnormality, with
many giant cells and atypical mitoses.
From place to place there are also cells
celular, cu celule gigante ~i mitoze

atipice. Din loc In loc apar celule
specifice
neoplasmului
metastazat.
that are specific to the neoplasm causing

the metastasis. The differential diagnosis
is made in comparison
with the
mezotelioma,
which has three well
Diagnosticul diferential se va fac~ fie fat a

de mezoteliom, cu una dintre cele trei
forme
bine
individualizate, fie
cu
metastaza a limfomului malign sau cu

oricare alta forma tumorala maligna care
ar putea metastaza la acest nivel.
In unele cazuri nu se poate indica
topografia viscerala generatoare formei
primare de cancer, dar prin coroborarea
diagnosticului
citomorfologic
cu cel
anatomo-c1inic general ~i cu rezultatele
investigatii10r
imagistice,
se poate
identifica neoplazia primara.
--------------------------
individualized
forms easy, with the
metastasis of the malignant lymphoma,
or with any other form of malignant tumor
which can give metastasis in this area.
In some cases we cannot show the
visceral topography
that generates
the
primary form of cancer, but through

conjunction the cytomorphological diagnosis, the anatomo-clinical diagnosis and
with the results from the imagistic
investigations,
we can identify the
primary neoplasia.
267
iNI7\fB
89~
\f17//IV3'nOS370N\fVV 3\f7001N
Fig.
Fig. 4
--------------------------
269
--------------------------
..
on~
.LN17VBV17IW3 'n~S370NVVV 3V70~1N
la canide $i feline / Atlas of canine and feline oncocytomorpho/l
Fig. 7
Fig.
--------------------------
8
271
--------------------------
IN/Ttfg
GLG
If17WV3 'nOS370NIfI/11 31f7001N
Fig.
--------------------------
11
273
TUMORILE MEZOTELIALE
MALIGNE SI
, METASTAZELE
SARCOMATOASE
iN CAVITATILE
, (PERICARDICA,
~
PLEURALA
~I PERITONEALA)
A. Tumorile
mezoteliale
maligne
In acest capitol vom prezenta situatia

proliferarilor
maligne
mezoteliale apartinand
ale
celulelor
seroaselor care
captu~esc cele trei importante cavitati:

(pericardica, pleurala ~i peritoneala). In
literatura
de specialitate
incidenta
acestor forme de boala canceroasa' la
animale este rara, dar In cazuistica
noastra aceasta manifestare a fost des
Intalnita. Indiferent de forma celulara a
mezoteliomului, acesta are un Inalt grad
demalignitatecuoevolutierapida.ln
care anaplazia celulara este prezenta
Impreuna cu multiple mitoze atipice.
Formele citologice identificate de noi
MALIGNANT MESOTHELIAL
TUMOURS AND THE
SARCOMATOUS METASTASIS
IN THE PREFORMED CAVITIES
(PERICARDIAL, PLEURAL
AND PERITONEAL)
A. Malignant mesothelial tumours
In this chapter we will present the
situation of malignant proliferations of
mesothelial cells that pad the three major
cavities
(serous
membranes),
the
pericardial, the pleural and the abdominal
(peritoneal) ones. In the literature of
specialty the incidence of these forms of
cancer is very rare, but in our experience
we have encountered this form rather
frequently. Irrespective of its cell form, the
mesothelium
has a high degree of
malignancy with a rapidly
Whatever of the cytologic
evolution.
form the
sunt diferite fata de formele descrise de

alti, autori din Iiteratura nationala si
cellular anaplasia is present together with

multiple atypical mitoses.
The cytological forms that we have
identified are different from the forms
internationala.
Astfel vom descrie:
described by other authors in national

and international literature.
"
- Mezoteliomul epitelial-like (fig. 1 3). Aspectul este de proliferare de tip

epitelial (mimeaza un carcinom) cu o.
a~ezare In placarde, avand un grad Inalt
de anaplazie, inclusiv cu celule bi- sau
trinucleate.
Raportul nucleo-citoplas--------------------------
They are:
- The epithelial-like
mesothelium
(fig. 1 - 3). The aspect of one of epithelial

proliferation (it simulates an carcinoma)
with layers and a high degree of
anaplasia, including bi- or trinuclear cells.
275
NiCOLAE
MANOLESCU,
matic este u90r Tn favoarea nucleului.

Acesta prezinta nucleoli multipli, Tn
volume diferite. Mitozele sunt frecvente.
Citoplasma
este amphofila,
membrana
celulara prezinta 0 coroana de microvili 9i

structuri dezmozomiale.
Mezoteliomul Iimfoid-Iike (fig. 4 10). Aceasta forma celulara Tmbraca
aspectul
sarcomatos
al proliferarii
neoplazice, mimand un limfom malign
nonhodgkinian.
Elementele
caracteristice din punct de vedere citologic sunt:
- proliferarea
masiva monomorfa cu
discreta anaplazie celulara;
- raportul nucleo-citoplasmatic este net
Tnfavoarea nucleului;
- atat nucleul cat 9i citoplasma sunt
intens hipercrome, iar citoplasma este
puternic bazofila;
- citoplasma emite 0 mare cantitate de
structuri microvilare dese 9i
nivelul membranei celulare;
lungi la
- frecventa mare a diviziunilor celulare

prin amitoza (fig. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10).
Mezoteliomul histiocitic-like (fig. 11
- 17). Este 0 alta forma citologica de
exprimare a mezoteliomului mimand un
veritabil sarcom histiocitar. Sunt prezente
absolut toate atributele liniei proliferative
histio-macrofagice. Caracteristicile elocvente liniei histio-macrofagice
se pot
sintetiza astfel:
- raportul celular nucleo-citoplasmatic
este Tnfavoarea nucleului;
- nucleul are 0 cromatina "pieptanata" cu
prezenta a 1-3 nucleoli de talie mare;
- forma
nucleului
este
de
tip
paralelogram,
atingand
membrana
276 --------------------------
EMILIA BALINT
The nucleo-cytoplasmatic
ration
is
. slightly in favor of the nucleus. This one
present$ multiple nucleoli, with extremely
different volumes. Mitoses are frequent.
The cytoplasm is amphophile, the cell
membrane
revealing
a crown
of
microvillus and desmosomial structures.
The lymphoid-like mesothelium (fig.
4 - 10). This cellular form has the
sarcomatous
aspect
of neoplastic
prolifera~ion, simulating a malignant non
Hodgkin's
lymphoma.
The cytologic
features can be found in the following
characteristics:
- Monomorph massive proliferation with
discrete cell anaplasia;
- The nucleo-cytoplasmatic ratio definitely
favors the nucleus;
- Both the nucleus and the cytoplasm
are highly hyperchrome,
and the
cytoplasm is highly basophile;
- The cytoplasm emits a great quantity of
microvillar frequent and long structures
at cell membrane level;
- High frequency of cell divisions by
amitosis (fig. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10).
The histiocytic-like mesothelium
(fig. 1 - 17). It is another cytological form
of expression
of the mesothelium
simulating a true histiocytic sarcoma.
Absolutely
all the attributes
of the
proliferation histio-macrophag
line are
present with this form of mesothelium.
The specific features of the histiomacrophag line can be synthesized as
follows:
- The nucleo-cytoplasmatic
nucleus;
favors the
Atlas de oncocitomorfofogfe
fa canide $i fefine / Atlas of canine and feline oncocytomorphofogy
celulara In cel putin doua puncte

opuse;
- citoplasma este slab bazofila, adesea
avand aspectul "fumului de tigara";
- prezinta numeroase vacuole In
citoplasma;
- diviziunile celulare numeroase se
- The nucleus has "brushed" chromatin

-
with the presence of 1-3 large nucleoli;

The nucleus has a parallelogram
aspect reaching the cell membrane in
at least 2 opposite points;
The slightly basophile cytoplasm has
often the aspect of "cigarette smoke";
numerous vacuoles are present in the
cytoplasm;
the numerous cell divisions are done
realizeaza prin mitoze atipice.

Toate aceste trei forme citologice au
fost frecvent Intalnite In cazuistica
noastra. lncidenta mezotelioamelor este

In mod egal distribuita In principalele
localizari
(peritoneal,
pleural
9i
pericardic).
B. Metastazele sarcomatoase (fig.
18 - 22) in cavitatile preformate
(peritoneala, pericardica ~i pleurala)
In fig. (18 - 19) se observa 0
metastaza pleurala a unui limfom malig~
nonhod-gkinian
B celular de tip
Waldenstr6m, unde apar multiple celule
Iimfocitare adulte, alaturi de "blaste"
Iimfoide (prolimfobla9ti 9i limfobla9ti)
Dease-menea apar alaturi de structuri
plasmocitare adulte 9i plasmocitare
atipice (fig. 19).
In fig. (20 - 22) apar imagini ale unei
metastaze de plasmocitom In cavitatea
pericardica. Elementele plasmocitare
adulte sunt In parte cu plasmocitele
atipice (modificate datorita exudatului din
seroase).
Fig. (23 - 27) Infatigeaza imagini ale
prezentei metastazei pericardo-pleurale
a unei leucemii acute limfoblastice.
through atypical mitoses.

All of these 3 cytologic forms were
frequently encountered in our medical
practice. The frequency of mezotelioma
localization are mostly peritoneal, pleural
and pericardial forms.
B. Sarcomatous metastases in
---------------------------
preformed
cavities
(peritoneal,
pericardial and pleural) (fig. 18 - 22)
In fig. (18 - 19) we can obseNe a
pleural metastasis of a malignant non
Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma of the
Waldenstr6m type where there are
multiple lymphocyte adult cells together
with lymphoid "blasts" (prolymphoblasts
and Iymphoblasts). Also appear together
adult plasmocyte structures and atypical
plasmocytes (fig. 19).
In fig. (20 ~ 22) there are images of a
plasmocytum metastasis in the pericardial
cavity. The adult plasmocytes are equal
to the atypical plasmocytes (modified
because of the exudates from the
serous).
In fig. (23 - 27) there are images of
the pericardopleural metastasis of an
acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
277
--------------------------
iN/Tv'S
IfI7/VV3 'nOS370NIfVV
8LG
31f7001N
Fig.
Fig. 4
--------------------------
279
--------------------------
OBG
.iNITtfB tl17lvv3 'noS370NtllIV 3t17001N
--------------------------
Fig.
Fig.
8
281
--------------------------
GBG
iN/Tv'S lf17/W3 'nOS370NlfW 3lf7001N
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
283
------~------'--------------------'------.....
--------------------------
v8~
1NI7lf8 IfI7/w3 'n~S370NlfW 3lf70~1N
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
--------------------------
285
--------------------------
geG
.LN17tt8 tt17IVV3'n~S370NttW 3tt70~1N
Fig. 19
Fig.
--------------------------
20
287
--------------------------
J.N17't1B 'tI17IW3 'n~S370N'tI1/V
BBG
3't170~1N
Fig.
Fig.
--------------------------
23
24
289
--------------------------
.LN1Ttf8 1117IJ1V3
'n~S370NIIW
06G
31170~IN
Fig.
--------------------------
27
291
CAPIJQL!JL26~LCJ:lA~TER26
GANGLIONEUROMUL
TESUTULUINERVOS
,
VEGETATIV
Este 0 tumorc'i rara la animalele de
.I
THE GANGLIONEUROMA
OF THE VEGETATIVE NERVOUS
TISSUE
companie ~i consideram ca este bine sa

fie prezentata, atata timp cat a fost
Intalnita In practica.
is extremely rare in pets, but we

'considered it is better to to be presented,
as long as we encountered it in our
medical practice.
Tumora are caractere semimaligne,

fiind alcatuita din mai multe tipuri de
celule nervoase si
, neurofibrile, care se
The tumour
has semi-malignant
characters, consisting of several types of
nervous
and neurofibril
cells that
Intretaie In diferite planuri. Celulistica

este alcatuita pe fond de celule Schwann
~i de celule nervoase simpatice, unele
avand prelungiri amielinice, iar altele nu
posed a prelungiri In preparatele noastre
(fig. 1 - 7). Unele celule au 0 citoplasma
bazofila, iar altele acidofila. Nucleul este
mic, situat
periferic
cu cromatina
densificata. Unele lasa sa se observe
overlapping
in various
plans. The
majority of cells are Schwann and
sympathetic nervous cells; some of them
prezenta unui nucleol sau a doi nucleoli.

Citoplasma
neuronilor
este
vizibil
strabatuta de 0 retea de filamente, de
origine nervoasa.
--------------------------
It
have amyelinic
prolongations,
while
others do not (fig. 1 - 7). Some cells have
a basophilic cytoplasm, while others have
an acidophilic cytoplasm. The nucleus is
smale, peripherical located chromatic
densified. Some reveal the presence of
one or two nucleoli. The cytoplasm of the
neurons is clearly crossed by a network
of filaments which are of a nervous origin.
293
--------------------------
iN/Tv'S
t6c
V17/W3 'n~S370NVW 3'v'70~1N
Fig.
Fig. 4
--------------------------
295
--------------------------
.IN/TtfB
96c
'v'17/W3 'n:JS370N'v'VV 3'v'70:JIN
Fig.
--------------------------
297
TUMORA STICKER
Este 0 tumora relativ frecventa pentru
specia canina, de Inalta malignitate
transmisibila
pe cale sexuala.
In
momentul de fat a nu este precizata
originea acestei tumori.
Tumora se identifica u~or anatomoclinic, iar diagnosticul
citomorfologic
pozitiv se precizeaza In urma biopunctiei.
Fig. 1 - 4 ne ofera aspectul general al
tumorii cu Inalt grad de monomorfie, cu
raportul nucleo-citoplasmatic In favoarea
nucleului. Celulele sunt de talie medie,
circa 20-23 fl cu nucleul perfect rotund,
cromatina este dispusa In bulgari fini ~i In
ansamblu este areolata. In nucleu exista
1-2 structuri nucleolare fine. Citoplasma
redusa este slab bazofila, nu de putine
ori aceasta apare amfophila. Tumora are
un numar considerabil
de celule In
diviziune
mitotica.
anaplaziei, tumora
malignitate.
--------------------------
Cu
este
toata
lipsa
de 0 Inalta
STICKER'S TUMOUR
It is a relatively common
tumor in
canine
species,
of high malignity
transmissible trans-sexually. The origin of
this tumor it's not specified in this
moment.
The tumor is easily identifiable from
an anatomo-clinical point of view, the
cytomorphological
diagnosis
through
biopunction gives the positive diagnosis.
Fig. 1-4 shows us the general
appearance of the tumor with a high
degree of monomorphia, with the nucleocytoplasmatic
ratio in favor of the
nucleus. The cells are medium, about 2023 fl, with a perfectly round nucleus, the
chromatin is disposed in fine lumps and it
is areolate. There are 1-2 nucleolar fine
structures. The reduced cytoplasm is
slightly basophilic, and or autophilic. The
tumor has a considerable number of cells
in mitotic division. Despite the lack of
anaplasia, the tumor is highly malignant.
299
--------------------------
.1.NI7'r18 'rI17/W3 'n:JS370N'rIW
00
3'r170:J1N
Fig.
Fig. 4
--------------------------
301
ISBN 978-973-1983-26-4
91178973111983264

Atlas of Canine and Feline Oncocytomorphology

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Atlas of Canine and Feline Oncocytomorphology

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

-:.. ......

Contributia autorilor la realizarea prezentului ATLAS este:

Reproducerea interzisa. Toate drepturile apartin autorilor.

Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Nalionale a Romaniei

Editura Curtea Veche

medici veterinari oncologi pentru elaborarea

9) Citodiagnosticul este metoda de electie pentru studiul morfologic al sangelui

permite In mod deosebit completarea investigatiilor citochimice,

la canide $i feline / Atlas of canine and feline oncocytomorphology

la can ide $i feline / Atlas of canine and feline oncocytomorphology

3) The cytologist establishes the presence of a chronic, acute inflammatory

CLASIFICAREA NEOPLAZIILOR MALIGNE

1.1.1 Limfoblastice (LLA):

1.2.1 Limfocitare (LLC)

Limfom malign non- Hodgkinian

b) Limfom malign "T"celular:

Carcinomul bazocelular tegumentar

Carcinomul nediferential tegumentar

Carcinomul non invaziv (intraepitelial) al vezicii urinare

Carcinomul papilifer vegetant invaziv al vezicii urinare

Carcinomul vegetant al glandei mamare

Carcinomul solid al glandei mamare

Carcinomul vegetant al cavitatii nazale

C. Tumori maligne mezenchimale (sarcoame)

la canide $i feline / Atlas of canine and feline oncocytomorphology

Tumori mixte (epitelial - mezenchimale):

E.1. Carcinosarcomul mamar

THE CLASSIFICATION OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASIA IN PETS

la can ide $i feline / Atlas of canine and feline oncocytomorphology

carcinoma with big cells

Tegumentary baso-cellular carcinoma

Tegumentary non-differential carcinoma

Non-invasive (intraepitelial) carcinoma

Invasive vegetant papillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder

Vegetant adenocarcinoma of the prostate

Intraepithelial carcinoma (aggravated-intraductal

of the urinary bladder

Vegetant carcinoma of the mammary gland

The solid carcinoma of the mammary gland

The adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland

The vegetant carcinoma of the nasal cavity

The adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity

malignant tumours (sarcomas)

D. Nervous tumors and of the APUD system:

CA~ITOLUL 3_1 CHAPtER.3

diversified etiology, which is impossible to

(In front of these

cases the specialist in ctytomorphology

pentru a surprinde fie disparitia celulelor

reaction), whether this is a leukemia vera,

De multe ori In absenta unor tablouri

reactions it is necessary to repeat the

Forma granulocitara (fig. 1-2) In

experiencing great difficulty in establishing

test after 14-21 days to

capture the disappearance of the young

discovered during a routine hematological

Cytomorphological test (fig. 1-8)

Forma Iimfocitara (fig. 3-5)

specie 0 pregnanta modificare calitativa,

Granulocyte-like form (fig.1-2) In the

la canide $i feline / Atlas of canine and feline oncocytomorphology

.LN17V8 V17lw3 'n:JS370NVW

Pentru 0 mai buna Intelegere