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ADVERBUL N LIMBA ENGLEZ

Adverbul determin un verb sau un adjectiv. Exemplu:
She spoke quietly.
^-------She was extremely nervous.
-------------^
Atenie, adjectivul determin un substantiv i un verb care trebuie s fie
sau verbul TO BE
sau un alt verb de percepie senzorial care poate fi nlocuit prin TO BE.
Aceste verbe pot avea sens concret fiind determinante pentru adverb sau sens
abstract fiind determinante pentru adjectiv
to seem, to apear, to look, to sound, to taste, to smell, to feel
Exemplu:
She looks happy (she is happy)
She looks at me happily (she has a happy look)
Adverbul se formeaz din:
ADVERB + SUFIXUL LY
Atenie, nu toate cuvintele terminate n LYsunt adverbe

Modificri ortografice

Dac adjectivul din care provine adverbul se termin n E acesta se pstreaz

naintea lui LY
extreme - extremely
Nice nicely
Large - largely
Dac adjectivul din care provine advebul se termin n LE E este nlocuit cu Y
Capable capably
gentle gently
Dac adjectivul din care provine advebul se termin n IC se adaug ALLY
automatic- automatically
Enthusiastic - enthusiastically
Dac adjectivul din care provine advebul se termin n L acesta se dubleaz i se
adaug LY
beautiful - beautifully
Dac adjectivul din care provine advebul se termin n LL se adaug doar Y
full - fully
Dac adjectivul din care provine advebul se termin n Y indiferent dac este
precedat de consoan sau vocal, se transform Y n I [i se adaug LY cu cteva
excepii
shy - shyly
sly - slyly
wry wryly
coy - coyly

1. Adverbe care au dou forme dar acelai neles

bright - brightly
sound - soundly

Cheap cheaply
dear dearly

dead - deadly
fair - fairly

The sun is shining bright.

The sunis shining brightly
Singura diferen ca sens este la CHEAP care este ntotdeauna folosit cnd avem verbele
TO GET, TO BUY sau TO SELL iar pentru celelalte verbe este folosit CHEAPLY.
I bought cheap.
We travelled cheaply.

2. Adverbe care au dou forme cu nelesuri diferite

clear

right, corect

Clearly

ntr-o manier curat

-------- Adverbul n Limba Englez --------

close
deep
clean
direct

high
just
large

aproape
Closely
adnc
Deeplly
n ntregime
Cleanly
arat
direcia
de Directly
micare
uor
Easily
gratis
Freely
ntreg
Fully
din greu, mult, cu mare hardly
efort
sus
highly
ntocmai
justly
ntins
largely

late
Most
Near
Pretty
Right
Sharp

trziu
majoritatea
aproape
foarte
exact
fix

easy
free
full
hard

Short
abrupt
Exemple:

lately
mostly
nearly
preattly
rightly
sharply

ndeaproape
profund
ntr-o manier curat
at once, deodat
ntr-o manier uoar
ntr-o manier deschis
completely
de abia, cu greu, aproape deloc
very much
in a resonable manner
in a great extend, mainly,
preponderent, deplin
de curnd
n special, mai degrab, rather
aproape cu sens abstract
ntr-o manier drgu
cuvenit
ntr-o manier brusc, brutal,
dur
pe scurt

shortly
They got clean away.
We are closely related with him.
Ill fly directly to London (immediately).
Take it easy.
We talked freely.
I was fully aware of it.
I can hardly wait.
I work hard.
I am highly appreciated.
In a justly manner.
Their attempt was largely successfull.
Mostly I go to the cinema then to the theatre.
I nearly fell.
I was pretty busy.
They rightly assume that.
Shortly, I was interested about it.

3. Adverbe care au aceeai form cu adjectivul

Alike
alone
Fast
far
Little
next
Only
outside
Past
straight
Early
La acestea se adaug prima form a adverbelor de la punctele 1 i 2.

Gradele de comparaie ale adverbelor

Adverbele fac gradele de comparaie conform adjectivelor din care provin. Nu toate
adverbele pot avea ns grade de comparaie ci numai adverbele de mod, cteva din cele de timp i
de frecven.
-------- Adverbul n Limba Englez --------

Adverbele care au aceeai form cu adjectivul (EARLY, FAST, LATE) fac gradele
de comparaie ca i adjectivul din care provin
Adverbele care provin din adjectiv i sufixul LY fac gradele de comparaie cu MORE i
THE MOST exact ca i adjectivele lungi.
Toate modificrile ortografice de la adjective se respect i la adverb.

Comparaia neregulat
n locul lui GOOD avem adverbul WELL.
well
better
the best
badly
worse
the worst
far
farther
the farthest
little
less
the least
much
more
the most
near
nearer
the nearest

Adverbe speciale
Adverbele speciale sunt adverbe cu sens negativ i nu permit folosirea altei negaii n
propoziia care le conine, precum i a unui pronume nehotrt cu sens pozitiv.
Hardly
barely
Scarcely
de abia
cu greu
Aproape deloc
Atenie la ntrebarea disjunct care trebuie pus n pozitiv dac propoziia principal
cuprinde unul din adverbele negative mai sus menionate.
I barely have any friends here, have I.
Alte adverbe speciale sunt:
quite
Fairly
rather
pretty
toate nsemnnd foarte pentru c au sensul de VERY. Sunt adverbe speciale pentru c sensul n
care sunt folosite este extrem de sensibil

Fairly

Nu se combin cu comparative. Are sensul de destul de

Your story is fairly interesting.
Povestea ta este interesant dar nu extrem de interesant.
!!! Toate aceste adverbe determin un adjectiv dar FAIRLY nu poate determina un adjectiv dect
n grad pozitiv.

Pretty

Se folosete numai ntr-un limbaj amical, prietenesc.

I am pretty hungry

Quite

Este mai puternic dect FAIRLY. Se poate folosi att cu adjective care nu au grade de
comparaie ct i cu adverbe, caz n care are sensul de absolut, complet
He is quite dead.
Poate fi urmat de A / AN sau deSOME
He is quite a man and he has quite some importance for me.

Rather

Este mai puternic dact QUITE i FAIRLY i poate s fie att precedat ct urmat de
A / AN.
This is a rather difficult problem.
This is rather a difficult problem.
Diferena dintre RATHER i QUITE este de sens n anumite formulri. Astfel RATHER se
prefer pentru aprecieri negative iar QUITE se prefer pentru aprecieri pozitive.
-------- Adverbul n Limba Englez --------

Much i Far
Sunt adverbe de intensificare care se combin de obicei cu comparativul i superlativul.
The exercise is far more difficult than I expected.
The exercise is much more difficult than I expected.

A Lot
Se va folosi numai cu comparativ
It is a lot warmer today then it was yesterday.

Too i Enough
Se traduc prin prea respectiv destul. Poziia lui TO este n faa adjectivului sau
adverbului iar poziia lui ENOUGH este dup adjectiv sau adverb.
This exercise is too difficult for me.
I arrive early enough.
Dac ENOUGH este determinant al unui substantiv el se poate plasa n faa acestuia.
I have enough money to buy the toy.

So i Such
Sunt adverbe de ntrire. Diferena ntre ele este c SO este urmat de adjectiv, adverb sau
de substantiv precedat de MUCH, MANY, LITTLE n timp ce SUCH este urmat numai de
substantiv.
This book is so interesting.
This man speaks so quickly.
I have so many friends.
He is such a man of honour.
I have done such difficult exercises

Adverbe interogative cu poziie iniial

Acestea sunt:

When

why

where

how

Topica Propoziiei
Poziie iniial

when

Adverbele interogative
why
How old is he?

where

how

Adverbele din propoziiile exclamative

-------- Adverbul n Limba Englez --------

How well you speak English

Here comes the chief

Adverbul interogativ i negativ YES i NO

Adverbele de mod sunt folosite pe poziii iniiale atunci cnd se dorete ntrirea
contextului sau creearea suspansului
slowly
gently
quickly
Slowly he entered the room and started to cry.
Adverbe de loc se folosesc pe prima poziie cnd se face o delimitare clar pentru a
se evita ambiguitile
In the country, most people work on the farm
Adverbele de timp definit se folosesc pe prima poziie atunci cnd se dorete
ntrirea (sublinierea) timpului fie pentru evitarea aglomerrii de adverbe la sfritul
propoziiei
Yesterday I saw her in the park at 10 oclock in the morning.
Locuiunile adverbiale ocup mereu poziia iniial
by now
till now
up to now
untill now
before now
until then
sooner or later
every day
at present
at last
at first
How much
how long
just now
Cnd adverbul OFTEN este subliniat i este precedat de VERY sau QUITE el
ocup poziia iniial
Quite often we travel by car.
Adverbele de frecven definit ocup poziie iniial cnd se dorete evitarea
ambiguitilor
Once a year I buy him one or two books he likes

Adverbe care datorit folosirii lor pe poziia iniial duc la inversarea

predicatului cu subiectul

Adverbe negative care pot s ocupe poziie iniial atrag dup sine inversarea
predicatului cu subiectul
no sooner
nowhere
not until
neither
little
In no circumstances
scarcely
hardly
barely
rarely
never

Never has she understood him.

No sooner had I enter then she arived
Adverbe restrictive ca ONLY
Only by leraning the lesson did he succeed in getting good marks.

Poziia median
Adverbe de frecven neregulat se aeaz ntotdeauna ntre subiect i predicat
excepie fcnd acele construcii cu verbul TO BE (care nu separ subiectul de
predicat) sau predicate formate din dou verbe.
I have never meet her.

Adverbe de mod
-------- Adverbul n Limba Englez --------

bravely
simply

cruelly
generously

foolishy

He simply refused to come.

Adverbe de timp nedefinit

He has recently moved.

Adverbe care reprezint punctul de vedere al vorbitorului

You perhaps met him

Poziie final

Pe poziia final adverbele au urmtoarea ordine:

Adv. de mod (cum?) + Adv. de loc (unde?) + Adv. de timp(cnd?)

-------- Adverbul n Limba Englez --------