Suport Curs Engleza

CAMERA DE COMERT SI INDUSTRIE VALCEA
curs
COMUNICARE IN LIMBA
ENGLEZA
-suport de curs-
Manual de limba engleza
Lectori:
LUMINEA MARIA MAGDALENA

POPESCU IRINA CRISTIANA
CUPRINS
I. Articolul ... .3
1.1. Articolul hotarat the ..5
1.2. Articolul nehotarat a/an ....6
1.3. Articolul zero7
1.4. Aplicatii practice..8
II. Substantivul11
2.1. Felul substantivelor11
2.2. Numarul substantivelor.11
2.3. Genul substantivelor .12
2.4. Aplicatii practice12
III. Adjectivul...14
3.1. Pozitia adjectivului.14
3.2. Functiile adjectivului.14
3.3. Ordinea adjectivelor..15
3.4. Gradele de comparatie ale adjectivului...15
3.5. Comparatia adjectivelor....17
3.6. Aplicatii practice....17
IV. Numeralul..20
4.1. Numeralul cardinal20
4.2. Numeralul ordinal..22
V. Pronumele26
5.1. Pronumle personal.....26
5.2.Pronumele demonstrativ....27
5.3. Pronumele posesiv..28
5.4. Alte tipuri de pronume..28
5.4.1. Pronumele reflexiv...28
5.4.2. Pronumele interogativ.29
5.4.3. Pronumele relativ.....29
5.4.4. Pronumele reciproc..30
5.4.5. Pronumele nehotarat...30
VI. Adverbul.35
6.1. Forma adverbelor..35
6.2. Clasificarea adverbelor..36
6.2.1. Adverbe de timp, durata si frecventa.36
2
6.2.2. Adverbe de loc si directie.....37

6.2.3. Adverbe de mod...38
6.2.4. Adverbe de siguranta si probabilitate...38
6.2.5. Adverbe de grad...39
VII. Prepozitia42
7.1. Clasificarea prepozitiilor..42
7.2. Cele mai utilizate prepozitii..43
7.3. Alte constructii prepozitionale.44
VIII. Verbul.....47
8.1. Verbul to be ..47
8.2. Verbul to have47
8.3.Verbul to do.48
IX. Prezentul Simplu.49
9.1. Formare..49
9.2. Utilizare..49
X. Prezentul Continuu...52
10.1. Formare.52
10.2. Utilizare.52
XI. Trecutul Simplu57
11.1. Formare.57
11.2. Utilizare.57
XII. Trecutul Continuu..60
12.1. Formare.60
12.2. Utilizare.60
XIII. Viitorul63
13.1. Formare63
13.2.Utilizare..63
XIV. Verbele modale.66
14.1. Caracteristici generale66
14.2. CAN..66
14.3. COULD.66
14.4. MAY..67
14.5. MIGHT.67
14.6. MUST67
14.7. Aplicatii practice......68
3
Tabel verbe neregulate.71

Formule de adresare76
I. ARTICOLUL (The ARTICLE)

1.1. ARTICOLUL HOTARAT:
Forma: THE
INTREBUINTARI:
1. Pantru a introduce un personaj/obiect cunoscut (dupa ce acesta a fost mentionat anterior):
Ex. A boy and a girl are in the garden. The boy is tall and the girl is short.
2. Cu nume de rauri, mari, oceane:
Ex. The Danube, the Dead Sea, the Pacific Ocean, the Black Sea, etc.
3. Cu nume de lanturi muntoase:
Ex. The Rocky Mountains, the Alps, the Carpatiens, etc.
4. Cu nume compuse de tari:
Ex. The United States of America, the United Kingdom
ATENTIE!!! NU exista the France, the Romania => France, Romania
5. In cazul numelor de institutii, tari, sub forma de initiale: U.S.A., U.K., F.B.I, se va utiliza articolul
hotarat: the USA, the UK, the FBI, etc.
6. Cu nume de cladiri importante:hoteluri, muzee:
Ex. the White House, the Ritz, the Louvre, etc.
7. Cu substantive unice:
Ex. the sun, the moon
8. Cu instrumente muzicale:
Ex. He plays the violin/piano; (El canta la vioara/pian)
She learns the guitar (Ea studiaza vioara)
9. In constructiile superlativului:
Ex. Dan is the best cook. (Dan este cel mai bun bucatar)
This is the biggest house in the neighborhood. (Aceasta este cea mai mare casa din cartier)
10. Cu numeralul ordinal:
Ex. the first (primul), the second (al doilea), the third (al treilea), etc.
11. Cu populatia unei tari, vazuta pe ansamblu:
Ex. the Germans (nemtii), the British (englezii), etc.
!!! In ceea ce priveste numeralele, exista si expresii care contrazic teoriile:
- It is love at first sight (Este dragoste la prima vedere);
- On second thought, I can drink a cup of coffee (Daca ma gandesc mai bine, pot servi o ceasca de cafea)
1.2. ARTICOLUL NEHOTARAT:

Forma: A pentru substantivele care incep cu o consoana
An pentru substantivele care incep cu o vocala
INTREBUINTARI:
1.Pentru a introduce un subiect necunoscut noua pana in acel moment (mentionat in premiera):
Ex. There is a mistake on the bill. (Este o greseala pe nota de plata)
Would you like a cocktail? (Ati dori un cocktail?)
2.Pentru a numi un obiect, nu conteaza care:
Ex. Give me a fork/ a knife/ a spoon, please. (Da-mi o furculita / un cutit/ o lingura, te rog)
3.Cu expresii referitoare la timp, greutate, lungime, cum ar fi:
Ex. We are driving at 30 miles an hour. (Noi conducem cu 30 de mile pe ora)
We study English 3 times a week. (Noi studiem engleza de 3 ori pe saptamana)
The room costs 200 lei a night. (Camera costa 200 lei pe noapte)
4.In cazul meseriilor:
Ex: I am a doctor/ an economist/ an architect. (Eu sunt de profesie doctor/ economist/ arhitect)
5.Pentru a mentiona un membru dintr-o categorie si a face referire la intreaga categorie:
Ex. A teacher is always patient. (Un profesor este intotdeauna rabdator = toti profesorii)
A spider has 8 legs. (Un paianjan are 8 picioare = toti au 8 picioare)
6.In idea de a numara:
Ex. We need a (one) thousand people to finish the job; (Avem nevoie de o mie de oameni pentru a termina
munca)
The dress costs a (one) hundred dollars. (Rochia costa o suta de dolari)
I have a sister, not two. (Eu am o sora, nu doua)
7.In cazul bolilor:
Ex. I have a cold/ a headache/ an allergy (Am o raceala/ o durere de cap/ o alergie)
8.Cu adverbele quite, such, half, as urmate de un substantiv la singular:
Ex. Such a nice girl! (Ce fata draguta!)
What a lovely day! (Ce zi minunata!)
He is quite a gentleman! (Este intr-adevar un gentleman!)
We must write half a page for our report. (Trebuie sa scriem jumatate de pagina pentru raport.)
She acts as a true manager. (Se comporta ca un adevarat manager.)
9.In unele expresii uzuale:
Ex. All of a sudden, it started to rain. (Deodata, a inceput sa ploua)
We will have a good time at the party. (Ne vom simti bine la petrecere)
We must go in a hurry / a rush to catch the train. (Trebuie sa plecam in graba sa prindem trenul)
It is a shame that you must go. (Este pacat ca trebuie sa pleci)
You can talk to your boss now, he is in a good mood. (Poti vorbi cu seful tau acum, el este in toane bune)
In ceea ce priveste articolul nehotarat, il putem intalni si in urmatoarele constructii:

FEW / A FEW; LITTLE / A LITTLE
FEW pentru substantivele la plural
= putini, putine, cu ideea de insuficient, NOT ENOUGH
Ex. There are few clever people in the world. (Afirmatie cu tenta pesimista);
(NU SUNT DESTUI oameni destepti pe aceasta lume).
A FEW pentru substantivele la plural
= putini, putine, cu ideea de suficient, ENOUGH
Ex. There are a few students in my class.
(SUNT SUFICIENTI elevi la ora mea. - nu multi, dar destui)
LITTLE pentru substantivele la singular
= putin, putina, tot cu ideea de INSUFICIENT, NOT ENOUGH
Ex. I have to buy some coffee, there is little in the house.
(Trebuie sa cumpar niste cafea, este prea putina in casa).
A LITTLE pentru substantivele la singular
= putin, putina, dar cu ideea de suficient, ENOUGH
Ex. I can give you some bread, there is a little in the kitchen.
(Iti pot da niste paine, mai este putina in bucatarie).
!!!ATENTIE: Aceeasi cantitate poate fi suficienta pentru o intrebuintare si insuficienta pentru o alta:
Ex: There is little sugar to make a cake, but there is a little for the tea.
(Este insuficient zahar pentru a face o prajitura, dar este de ajuns pentru ceai).
Ex: I have little money to buy the books that I need, but I have a little money to buy some sweets.
(Am prea putini bani pentru a cumpara cartile de care am nevoie, dar am destui bani pentru a cumpara niste
dulciuri)
1.3. ATRICOLUL ZERO - cand nu folosim articol:

Ca regula de baza, cand vorbim despre ceva la modul foarte general, nu folosim articol. Acest lucru nu
inseamna ca nu vom intalni niciodata acele substantive cu articol nehotarat, sau chiar hotarat.
Intrebuintarea lor depinde de ce anume vrem sa evidentiem.
1. Substantivele abstracte nu vor avea articol:
Ex. We want peace. (Noi vrem pace)
I need advice. (Am nevoie de sfaturi)
Love and compassion are rare feelings. (Iubirea si compasiunea sunt sentimente rare)
2. Numele de zile din saptamana, luni si sarbatori ale anului, mese din zi => nu au articol:
Ex. On Monday, I have a very important meeting. (Luni am o intalnire foarte importanta)
Sunday is my favorite day of the week. (Duminica este ziua mea preferata din saptamana)
We will get married in June. (Noi ne vom casatori in luna iunie)
I always have breakfast in this restaurant. (Eu intotdeauna servesc micul dejun in restaurantul acesta)
I like Christmas more than I like Easter, but I like spring more than I like winter. (Imi place Craciunul mai
mult decat imi place Pastele, dar imi place primavara mai mult decat imi place iarna)
3. Cu nume de materiale, materie prima, substante la modul general:
Ex. My ring is made of gold. (Inelul meu este confectionat din aur)
They drink coffee. (Ei/ele beau cafea sunt bautori de cafea)
He eats bread and butter in the morning. (El mananca paine si/cu unt dimineata)
Putem intalni insa si urmatoarele constructii:
The gold is in the bedroom. (Aurul este in dormitor se face referire la bijuterii)
The coffee is ready. (Cafeaua este gata iesire din sfera substantivelor folosite la general, catre
particular)
The tea is on the table. (Ceaiul este pe masa)
4. Substantivele la plural folosite generic nu primesc articol.
Ex. Books are good friends (Cartile sunt prieteni buni) = toate cartile din lume!
Children are a joy (Copiii sunt o bucurie)= toti copiii din lume!
Money are not the answer to all the problems. (Banii nu reprezinta raspunsul la toate problemele)
5. Cu membrii familiei nu folosim articol:
Ex. Father is in the back yard. (Tata este in curtea din spate)
Mother is helping me in the kitchen. (Mama ma ajuta in bucatarie)
I like to work with my brother. We make a good team. (Imi place sa lucrez cu fratele meu. Facem o
echipa buna)
6. Cu nume proprii nu folosim articol:
Ex. I know John and I know that he does not lie. (Il cunosc pe John si stiu ca el nu minte)
Please, tell Mary to come to the meeting. (Te rog, spune-i Mariei sa vina la sedinta)
DAR: Daca 2 interlocutori discuta despre un John si la un moment dat constata ca nu vorbesc de una si
aceeasi persoana, atunci apare urmatoarea diferentiere:
Ex. The John I know is not tall, he is short (John PE CARE IL CUNOSC EU nu este inalt, este scund).
Alte exceptii:
The breakfast you cook is great. (Micul dejun pe care il prepari tu este minunat)
The Picasso costs 2 mil $. (Tabloul pictat de Picasso costa 2 mil $)
1.4. Aplicatii practice:

1. Completati spatiile punctate cu a sau an:
1. wild dog
6. book
2. old man
7. unique event
3. hair
8. orange
4. honest person
9. ice cream
5. ear
10. one-way ticket
2. Completati spatiile punctate cu the, a sau an:
1. Alps are in Austria and Switzerland.
2. Sunday is first day of the week.
3. It is shame that you cant come to party.
4. She has headache in morning.
5. Germans are known to be punctual.
3. Completati spatiile punctate, acolo unde este cazul, cu articolul corespunzator:
1. We have fish and chips for lunch.
2. I had very bad night.
3. He is vegetarian. You cant eat meat at his house. You can have indigestion.
4. We have to go by taxi, if we can find taxi at this hour.
5. Do you take sugar in your coffee?
-
No, I am on diet. I want to lose weight.
6. Mr. Smith is old customer and honest man.
7. After good sleep I can go to work.

8. friend of mine is expecting baby. If it is girl, her name is Marla. What name to give
girl.
9. I have little money left, lets have dinner in restaurant.
10. little do we know about her. (aproape nimic)
11. When wind blows, all windows break.
12. Do you know time?
-
Yes, clock in hall shows 9. Then it isnt time to go.
13. He was sent to prison for six months for shop-lifting.

14. I go to school to learn.
15. When I go to bed, you go to .. work.
16. On Sundays, my father stays in bed till 10.
17. My mother goes to church in morning, and in afternoon she goes to visit friends.
18. married couples with .. children go on holidays often.
19. I want to see Mr. Smith, please.
-
Do you mean Mr. Smith who works in the first office, or other Mr. Smith?
20. You can fool some of people all time, and all people some of time, but you cant
fool all people all time.
21. When is ...... first day of ...... school?
22. I need pen because I cannot find mine.
23. children under 10 years old cannot enter the amusement park.
24. Mary found dog near park.
25. I am waiting for flowers that I ordered for my mothers birthday.
26. We must leave hotel at hour written on contract.
27. Do you like coffee in morning, or do you prefer tea?
28. I do not envy rich, but I pity poor.
29. Never trust woman with credit card.
30. Christmas and Easter are my favorite holidays of year.
31. I now pronounce you husband and wife.
32. man in black is Professor Brown at University in Bucharest.
33. I heard on radio that it will be rainy day.
34. He got a job as engineer at best-paid company in his town.
35. Do you like Rembrandt on wall of National Gallery?
36. My brother is prepared to leave school and join army.
37. My father usually reads Times , but today he is reading Daily News.
38. John was appointed as chairman of the board.
39. Which language do you speak better, German or English?
40. I decided to stay in bed yesterday.

41. Last year, winter was very mild.
42. health is better than wealth.
43. Would you like tea or coffee?
44. boy over there is best in the class at French.
45. My brother is a sportsman, he plays tennis and football.
46. Mary is a musician, she plays violin and piano.
47. John, chemist, sells pills.
48. I hate wet weather.
49. children under 18 may not drink alcohol.
50. We always give postman a present at Christmas time.
4. Completati cu a/an sau some acolo unde este necesar:
1. ..house can be built of..stone.
2. Her room is quite empty. She needs.furniture.
3. .shoe is made of leather.
4. .rose is ..flower.
5. We get.milk from..cow.
6. She has to dohomework.
7. This time they have made .mistake.
8. He needs new clothing.
9. I need ..bread.
10. Kerry would like to be..actress.
11. What beautiful house.
12. He wants to plant .trees in the garden.
13. Our friends do .interesting experiment.
14. That play was ..comedy.
15. The waiter brings you..plate with food.
II. SUBSTANTIVUL (The NOUN)

2.1 FELUL SUBSTANTIVELOR:
In limba engleza exista patru categorii de substantive:
a) substantive comune(Common Nouns), care sunt cele mai uzuale si care denumesc, generic, grupuri sau
categorii de fiinte, obiecte, parti ale unor fiinte sau obiecte, concepte:
ex.: room (camera), doctor (doctor), table (masa), leg (picior), sugar (zahar), friendship (prietenie)
b) substantive proprii (Proper Nouns) care sunt folosite pentru a denumii persoane, tari, zilele saptamanii,
lunile anului, denumiri geografice, nationalitati, nume de publicatii sau institutii : Deborah, Spain, Sunday,
January, The Danube, Greek, The Guardian, European Parliament.
c) substantive colective (Collective Nouns) se folosesc pentru a denumi un grup de persoane, animale,
lucruri considerate ca un intreg: an army (o armata), government (guvern), family (familie), nation (natiune),
orchestra (orchestra).
d) partitive (Partitives) sunt acele substantive care se refera la cantitati : a box of matches (o cutie de
chibrituri), a drop of oil (o picatura de ulei), a portion of food (o portie de mancare); recipiente : a barrel of
beer (un butoi cu bere), a basket of fruit (un cos cu fructe), a glass of water (un pahar cu apa); jocuri : a game
of billiards (un joc de biliard); masuri : a pint of beer (o halba de bere); substantive abstracte : a piece of
advice (un sfat); perechi : a pair of boots (o pereche de cizme).
Substantivele comune se impart la randul lor in:
Substantive abstracte (definesc notiuni abstracte): love (dragoste), happiness (fericire) , time (timp),
boredom (plictiseala), generosity (generozitate), intelligence (inteligenta), etc
Substantive concrete, palpabile: hotel (hotel), waiter (chelner), table (masa), knife (cutit), coffee (cafea),
restaurant (restaurant), cana (cup).
O alta clasificare a substantivelor comune este urmatoarea:
substantive colective, definesc notiunea de grup: group (grup), class (clasa), crew (echipaj);
substantive numarabile (countable nouns): door, child, glove (manua), house, club, stawberry (capuna);
substantive nenumarabile (uncountable nouns), categorie in care intra in special substantivele abstracte i
numele de substante: hate (ura), beauty (frumusete), atraction (atractie), water (apa), oil (ulei), flour (faina),
gas (gaz, benzina).
2.2. NUMARUL SUBSTANTIVELOR:

De regula, singularul coincide cu forma de baza a unui substantiv: answer (raspuns), hotel (hotel).
Regula general pentru a forma pluralul este adaugarea sufixelor s sau es la forma de singular a
substantivului.
Ex. - answer + -s = answers; hotel + -s = hotels
Substantivele terminate in ch, sh, o , x, ss formeaza pluralul prin adaugarea sufixului es:
bunch + -es = bunches (buchete); tomato + -es = tomatoes ; tax + -es = taxes (taxe); congress + -es =
congresses.
Substantivele terminate in y precedat de vocala primesc s la forma de singular: day days, boy boys, in
timp ce acele substantive terminate in y precedat de consoana transforma: y in ie si adauga terminatia -s:
country countries, enemy enemies.
10
Majoritatea substantivelor terminate in f sau fe primesc s la forma de plural: belief beliefs, proof
proofs, cliff cliffs, etc.
Exista cateva substantive care transforma f sau fe in ves la forma de plural: knife knives, self
selves, thief thieves, wife wives, etc
Substantivele cu terminatia th primesc s la plural: death deaths, mounth months, etc.

Exista cateva substantive care au pluralul neregulat : child children (copil - copii); foot feet (picior picioare); goose geese (gasca - gaste); mouse mice (soarece - soareci); man men (barbat - barbati); tooth
teeth (dinte - dinti); woman women (femeie - femei); louce lice (paduche - paduchi); ox oxen (bou boi).
Sunt anumite substantive care au aceesi forma atat pentru singular cat si pentru plural: carp (crap), salmon
(somn), Chinese (chinez)
Pluralul substantivelor compuse urmeaza anumite tipare:
elementul final se transforma la plural : armchair armchairs (fotoliu fotolii), bedroom bedrooms
(dormitor - dormitoare);
cand primul element al unui substantiv compus este un substantiv urmat de o locutiune prepozitionala, un
adjectiv sau un adverb, substantivul primeste forma de plural : brother-in-law brothers-in-law (cumnat cumnati), passer-by passers-by (trecator - trecatori);
Cateva substantive se folosesc numai la singular (Singularia Tamtum) : furniture (mobila), bread (paine),
happiness (fericire), intelligence (inteligenta), sand (nisip), etc.
Altele se folosesc numai la plural (Pluralia Tantum) :
- articole de imbracaminte: pyjamas (pijamale), shorts (pantaloni scurti), jeans (jeansi), etc.
- parti ale corpului: entrails (intestine), vitals (organe vitale), etc.
- nume de boli: measels (pojar), mumps (oreion), rheumatics (reumatism), etc.
- unelte si instrumente alcatuite din doua parti: binoculars (binoclu), glasses (ochelari), scissors (foarfeca), etc
- nume de jocuri: billiards (biliard), cards (carti), etc.
- nume de materii : economics (economie), informatics (informatica), etc.
- denumiri geografice : the Alps, the Netherlands, etc.
2.3. GENUL SUBSTANTIVELOR :

Exista patru genuri in limba engleza: masculin, feminin, neutru si genul comun. Diferentierea intre
substantivele la genul feminin si cele la genul masculin se face prin mai multe modalitati :
1.prin diferite cuvinte : boy girl (baiat - fata) ; gander goose (gascan - gasca); father mother (tata mama); earl countess (conte - contesa); etc.
2.prin adaugarea de sufixe la forma de masculin:
a) ess: actor actress (actor - actrita); lion lioness (leu- leoaica); waiter waitress (chelner
-chelnerita); etc.
b) ine: hero heroine (erou -eroina);
c) ix: administrator administratix;
3.prin adaugarea sufixului er la feminin: widow widower (vaduv - vaduva); etc.
4.in substantive compuse in care primul element specifica genul: boy friend girl friend (iubit -iubita); male
patient female patient (pacient - pacienta); father-in-law mother-in-law (socru - soacra); dog fox bich
fox (vulpoi - vulpe); etc.
5.in substantive compuse in care al doilea element specifica genul: grandson granddaughter (nepot nepoata); policeman policewoman (politest - politista); etc.
Genul neutru denota lucruri, idei sau fiinte al caror gen nu ne intereseaza: horse (cal), book (carte), house
(casa), baby (copil), etc.
2.4 Aplicatii practice:

11
I. Treceti substantivele scrise inclinat la plural:

1. My brother does not go to school every day.
2. The leaf is falling from the tree.
3. The knife is on the table and the fork is on the chair.
4. The mouse is in the house and the goose is in the yard.
5. The child is at his grandmother.
6. The woman is going to the hospital.
7. The plane is flying on the sky.
8. The page of the book is thorn.
9. The dog is in the garden and the cat is in the house.
10.The egg is on the table, in the kitchen.
II. Treceti urmatoarele substantive la singular:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
These men are good doctors.

Those ladies are our customers.
Our books are on tables.
Those children have big dogs.
Hotels have many rooms.
They are housewives, not doctors.
The forks are on the table.
The girls have pink jackets and red scarves.
These stories are very beautiful and impressive.
These red cars are very fast.
III. Schimbati substantivele masculine in substantive feminine:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Our grandson is a student.

My children love the hero of this story.
There was a tom-cat under the table.
My brother-in-law was in the garden.
The male patient was at the hospital
The king was mourned by thousand of loyal subjects.
This sportsman won another medal.
The prince appeared at the palace window.
The gander hissed angrily.
My uncle is coming here tomorrow.
Her brother speaks about that restaurant.
IV. Schimbati substantivele feminine din textul urmator in substantive masculine:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Mother got up early yesterday morning.

The poetess reads some nice poems.
My niece is very clever.
The girl wanted to talk to the cook.
The waitress served us a very good wine.
The lady smiles at the guests.
VI. Traduceti in limba engleza :

Verisorul nostru locuieste la periferia orasului. Casa lui este langa un hotel vestit. Hotelul are doua
restaurante si multi angajati. Chelnerii sunt foarte draguti si profesionisti. Mancarea de la restaurant este
foarte gustoasa. Farfuriile sunt curate si moderne. Bucatarii gatesc foarte bine. Atmosfera este foarte placuta.
Familia mea merge la acest restaurant de doua ori pe saptamana pentru a servi cina. Managerul hotelului este
o persoana amabila si placuta.
12
Hotelul are 24 de camere, 2 restaurante, piscina si terasa. Camerele sunt mari si curate, de diferite
dimensiuni si stiluri. Pretul pentru o noapte nu este foarte ridicat. Doamnele de la receptie sunt intotdeauna
foarte amabile cu clientii si au un zambet placut.
In apropierea hotelului se afla un parc micut in care turistii pot sa-si petreaca o parte din zi
plimbandu-se si admirand copacii si florile.
I.
ADJECTIVUL (The ADJECTIVE)
Adjectivul este acea parte de vorbire care ne da mai multe informatii cu privire la substantivul determinat.
El nu isi schimba forma in functie de gen sau numar.
Ex. a tasty meal (o masa gustoasa), two tasty meals (doua mese gustoase)
a famous restaurant (un restaurant de renume/ faimos), two famous restaurants (doua restaurante de
renume/ faimoase)
3.1. POZITIA ADJECTIVULUI:

1) De cele mai multe ori adjectivul se aseaza in fata substantivului determinat.
Ex. A green salad (o salata verde); a great leader (un conducator maret)
An old building (o cladire veche); a large office (un birou spatios)
2) Dupa substantiv in expresii fixe:
Ex. the Attorney General (Procurorul General), Prince Charming (Fat Frumos)
3) Dupa verbe auxiliare ca: to appear (a aparea), to be (a fi), to become (a deveni), to feel (a simti), to look
(a arta), to keep (a pastra), to seem (a parea), to smell (a mirosi), to taste (a avea gust), to turn (a deveni)
etc.
Ex. This cake tastes good. (Prajitura aceasta are gust bun.)
You look ill. (Pari bolnav.)
Silk feels soft. (Matasea este moale la pipait.)
The milk turned sour. (Laptele s-a acrit / a devenit acru.)
Your car seems old. (Masina ta pare veche)
4) Adjective ca: awake (treaz), alike (asemanator), alone (singur), asleep (adormit), upset (suparat), ill
(bolnav) se plaseaza numai dup un verb auxiliar.
Ex. She is asleep. (Ea doarme / este adormita.) spre deosebire de
The sleeping little girl was in bed. (Fetita adormita era in pat.)
You look tired. (Pari obosit) spre deosebire de
The sick boy was very pale. (Baiatul bolnav era foarte palid.)
3.2. FUNCTIILE ADJECTIVULUI:

Adjectivele pot exprima diferite caracteristici ale unui obiect, dupa cum urmeaza:
1. Nationalitatea sau originea: Romanian (roman, romanesc), Finnish (finlandez), Polish (polonez)
13
Ex. Romanian universities have a good reputation. (Universitatile romanesti au o reputatie buna.)
2. Dimensiuni, marime si masuri: small (mic), tall (inalt despre oameni), high (inalt despre cladiri,
monumente etc.), large (mare), deep (adanc), shallow (superficial, putin adanc)
Ex. This is a high mountain. (Acesta este un munte inalt.)
3. Varsta: old (batran), young (tanar), ancient (antic, stravechi)
Ex. The old man was walking slowly, feeling his way with a stick. (Batranul mergea incet, pipaind drumul cu
un baston.)
4. Culoarea: yellow (galben), blue (albastru), green (verde), orange (portocaliu)
Ex. Do you prefer blue ink or black ink? (Preferi cerneala albastra sau neagra?)
5. Forma: rectanglular (dreptunghiular, -a), triangular (triunghiular, -a), oval (oval, -a, de forma ovala),
round (rotund, -a), square (patrat, -a)
Ex. A large, square box was placed in the middle of the oval table. (O cutie mare, patrata, era asezata in
mijlocul mesei ovale.)
6. Substanta/material (provenite in special din substantive si pastrand forma acestora): gold (din/de aur),
copper (din/de cupru), silk (din/de matase), silver (din argint, argintiu), brick (din caramida)
Ex. I bought myself a nice silk dress. (Mi-am cumparat o rochie dragut de matase.)
Adjective ca golden (provenit din substantivul gold), silky (provenit din substantivul silk) au un sens usor
diferit de adjectivele gold, silk, a caror forma este identica cu cea a substantivelor din care provin. Astfel, nu
putem spune a gold hair, ci a golden hair (un par auriu), nu a silk skin, ci a silky skin (o piele matasoasa).
7. Sentimente sau calitati: loving (iubitor), beautiful (frumos), intelligent (inteligent), spiteful (ranchiunos),
naughty (obraznic), playful (jucaus)
Ex. Handsome people are always much vainer than ugly people.(Oamenii frumosi sunt intotdeauna mult mai
vanitosi decat cei urati.)
8. Pareri, opinii sau judecati: interesting (interesant), fascinating (fascinant), repulsive (respingator), good
(bun), attractive (atragator)
Ex. I have met some very interesting people. (Am intalnit niste oameni foarte interesanti)
3.3. ORDINEA ADJECTIVELOR:

Cand se folosesc doua sau mai multe adjective pentru a descrie acelasi substantiv, ordinea lor depinde de
functiile acestora. Cea mai frecventa ordine este urmatoarea:
APRECIERI/OPINII, MARIME, VARSTA, TEMPERATURA, FORMA, CULOAREA, ORIGINEA,
SUBSTANTA
Ex. a large old square Victorian brick house (o cas victoriana mare, veche, patrata, din caramida)
a big old round golden watch (un ceas mare, vechi, rotund, din aur)
3.4. GRADELE DE COMPARATIE ALE ADJECTIVELOR:

Formarea comparativului si superlativului
Adjectivele au trei grade de comparatie:
- pozitiv - forma de baza a adjectivului: large (mare)
- comparativ larger (mai mare)
14
- superlativ, cu cele dou forme: superlativ relativ: the largest (cel mai mare)
superlativ absolut: very large (foarte mare).
Pentru adjectivele formate dintr-o silaba vom utiliza terminatiile:
- er than (mai decat)
the - est (cel mai)
Formarea comparativului si superlativului relativ este prezentata in cele ce urmeaza.
High
higher
highest
Tall
taller
tallest
Long
longer
longest
Nice
nicer
nicest
Adjectivele formate dintr-o silaba (consoana + o vocala + consoana) vor dubla consoana
finala
Big
bigger
biggest
Fat
fatter
fattest
Pentru adjectivele formate din doua silabe vom utiliza terminatiile:

- er sau more + adj:
- est sau the most + adj:
-Adjectivele terminate in: -le, -er sau -ure
-Adjectivele terminate in: -y, -ly, -ow
-Urmatoarele adjective: polite (politicos), pleasant (placut), common (comun, obisnuit), quiet (potrivit),
handsome (chipes)
Happy
happier / more happy
happiest / the most happy
Tender
tenderer / more tender
tenderest / the most tender
Yellow
yellower / more yellow
yellowest / the most yellow
Pentru adjectivele formate din trei sau mai multe silabe vom utiliza:
more + adj + than (decat)
the most + adj + than (decat)
Comfortable
more comfortable (than)
most comfortable
Careless
more careless (than)
most careless
Interesting
more interesting (than)
most interesting
Ex. John is happier than George. (John este mai fericit decat George.)
I have a more comfortable armchair than my neighbour. (Am un fotoliu mai confortabil decat vecinul
meu.)
Superlativul relativ este precedat fie de articolul hotarat the, fie de un alt determinant.
15
Ex. Paul is the tallest pupil in this class. (Paul este cel mai inalt elev din aceasta clasa.)
You are my closest friend. (Tu esti cel mai apropiat prieten al meu.)
Forme neregulate
Urmatoarele adjective fac exceptie de la regula:
Little
less
least
Far
further / farther
furthest / farthest
Good
better
best
Bad
worse
worst
Old
older / elder
oldest / eldest
Much / many
more
most
Ex. I have had worse headaches than this. (Am avut dureri de cap mai rele decat asta.)
This is my best painting. (Aceasta este cea mai buna pictura a mea.)
3.5. COMPARATIA ADJECTIVELOR:

1. comparativul + than se foloseste pentru a compara diferentele dintre dou obiecte, fiinte sau evenimente:
Ex.This box is heavier than the other. (Aceasta cutie este mai grea decat cealalta.)
2. the + superlative
Ex. This is the most beautiful girl in town. (Aceasta este cea mai frumoasa fata din oras.)
3. as + adjectiv la gradul pozitiv + as aceasta constructie se foloseste pentru a compara fiinte, locuri,
oameni, evenimente sau obiecte, intre care nu exist diferente:
Ex. My ideas are as good as your ideas. (Ideile mele sunt la fel de bune ca si ideile tale.)
4. not as / so + adjectiv la gradul pozitiv + as - putem arata diferentele dintre doua substantive folosind
constructia not so/as ...as:
Ex. I am not as strong as your brother. (Eu nu sunt la fel de puternic precum fratele tau.)
Atentie!
Ca si in cazul substantivelor care incep cu h mut, adjectivele care incep cu h mut primesc articolul
nehotarat an:
Ex. an honourable person (o persoana onorabila), an honest man (un om cinstit)

1.
Traduceti in limba engleza:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
Fratele meu este mai inalt decat sora ei.

Florile lor sunt mai frumoase decat ale noastre.
Un copil este cel mai minunat lucru.
Cea mai recenta inventie este si (also) cea mai buna.
Putin (insuficient) stim noi despre ea, dar si (even) mai putin stie ea despre noi.
Masina ta este buna, dar a mea este mai buna.
Acest copil este rau, dar aceia sunt mai rai decat el.
Este mai usor sa spui adevarul decat sa minti.
Acest drum (road) este mai lung decat imi amintesc.
Parintii mei sunt mai batrani decat ai lor.
Ma simt mai puternic decat ieri.
16
2.
Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la comparativ de superioritate si apoi la superlativ, dupa model:
MODEL:
This girl is thin/ that boy.
This girl is thinner than that boy.
This girl is the thinnest.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
These people are young/ the people you know.

Her parents are old/ mine.
The red car is close/ the yellow one.
These roses are beautiful/ these tulips (lalele).
Mary is a good friend/ Dan.
This man is strong/ his son.
This exercise is difficult/ the others.
Your dog is fat/ your neighbours.
I live close to the beach/ to the mountains.
You shouldnt come from the meeting late/ your friends.
Your team can get good results/ the other teams.
3.
Dati exemple de propozitii in care sa se intalneasca termenii:
a)close / closer
d) the strongest / the weakest
g) sad / happier
j) many / more
b) older / younger
e) easier / more difficult
h) late / the latest
k) bad / the worst
c) good / the best

f) shorter / the tallest
i) early / the last
l) faster / slow
4.
Completati spatiile punctuate cu forma de superlativ:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
This house is very old. It is house in my village.

George is very good cook. He is cook in the restaurant.
This is a very interesting film. It is probably . film I have seen all week.
Mr. Ionescu is a very rich man. He is man in our neighborhood.
This is a very difficult exercise. It is . exercise we had all semester.
Your story is very funny. In fact, it is story I have ever heard.
Tom is a very intelligent boy. He is boy in our class.
Yesterday was a very cold day. It was day this winter.
These are very valuable paintings. They are . paintings in the entire museum.
This jacket is expensive. It is . jacket in this shop.
This armchair is very comfortable. It is armchair in the house.
5.
Completati spatiile punctate cu gradul de comparatie corespunzator:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
Bucharest is (far) from Madrid than Paris is.

George is the (tall) man in our office.
Your homework is (bad) than hers.
His car is (good) than mine.
You have (many) problems than I do.
My friend works in one of the (old) buildings in our town.
This hotel manager is the (polite) . manager we have ever met.
Alice is the (pretty) of the twins.
A new house is much (expensive) than an old one.
I am sure that in the end you will find the (good) solution.
The Empire State Building is (tall) than the Statue of Liberty.
6. Alcatuiti propozitii folosindu-va de urmatoarele cuvinte, utilizand adjectivele la gradul de

comparatie dorit:
a) Mr. Brown generous;
b) This exercise interesting
17
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
Problem difficult
Peter hard-working
Car expensive
Trip adventurous
Woman modest
John respectful
My sister intelligent
My grandmothers armchair comftortable
This restaurant famous
7.
Completati spatiile punctate cu much sau many, in functie de context:
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
a) We have .. friends here.

b) She didnt spend money on her holiday.
c) We dont have time, so we must take a taxi.
There are problems to discuss at the meeting.
This book has pages.
We have work to do this morning.
The customer asked me questions about todays menu.
We must pay attention to this problem.
You must solve exercises in order to learn the English grammar.
We have good offers for your vacation.
How customers are you expecting this evening?
8.
Alegeti varianta corecta din paranteze:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
There arent (many/much) . problems in our department.

These customers would like (a few/a little) . milk in their coffee.
There are (much more/many more) people .. in the restaurant today than yesterday.
There were (no less/no fewer) .. than fifty applicants for the job.
(many and many/more and more) adults are studying foreign languages.
People have (fewer/less) money today than they used to have five years ago.
She cant let me use much of her perfume. There is only (little/a little) . left in the bottle.
I can give you some bread; I still have (little/a little) in the kitchen.
We must hurry; there is (little/a little) .. time left.
There are (few/a few) mistakes in your paper; it is close to perfection.
I have (few/a few) true friends; they may not be many, but I can always depend on them.
9.
Asezati adjectivele urmatoare in ordinea corespunzatoare:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
a coat (long; leather; brown): ..

a bar (chocolate; big; new): ..
a castle (small; English; old): ...
a dog (fat; big; white): ..
some shoes (running; modern; super): .....
a car (American; grey; fast; cheap): ......
a cottage (stone-built; small; old): ....
a dress (cotton; summer; short; white and blue): ..
a comedy (English; terrific; new): .
a fire (electric; excellent; small): ...
a watch (expensive; Rolex; small; elegant): ..
10. Completati frazele din tabelul A cu finalul care li se potriveste, din tabelul B:
A
a) The sooner
b) The warmer the weather
B
1. the merrier
2. the fewer things we can afford to buy
18
c) The bigger the children

d) The harder our work is
e) The richer he was
f) The more she has
g) The shorter the nights
h) The earlier you leave
i) The more
j) The higher the prices
3. the longer the days

4. the greedier he became
5. the sooner you will get there
6. the lighter our clothes are
7. the better
8. the greater satisfaction we have
9. the greater the problems
10. the more she wants
IV. NUMERALUL (The NUMERAL)

4.1. NUMERALUL CARDINAL:
1
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
10
ten
11
eleven
12
twelve
13
thirteen
14
fourteen
15
fifteen
16
sixteen
17
seventeen
18
eighteen
19
nineteen
20
twenty
20
twenty
21
twenty-one
22
twenty-two
23
twenty-three
24
twenty-four
25
twenty-five
26
twenty-six
27
twenty-seven
28
twenty-eight
Numeralul cardinal se foloseste pentru a exprima un numar, fie el

de ordinul unitatilor, zecilor, sutelor, miilor si chiar de ordinul
milioanelor.
Dupa o analiza amanuntita a celor ce urmeaza, vom vedea ca nici
numerele complexe nu vor ridica probleme.
0 = zero, nough, oh, love, nil
19
29
twenty-nine
20
twenty
30
thirty
40
forty
50
fifty
60
sixty
70
seventy
80
eighty
90
ninety
33
thirty-three
41
forty-one
55
fifty-five
66
sixty-six
74
seventy-four
88
eighty-eight
97
ninety-seven
100
100 = one hundred
101 = one hundred and one
154 = one hundred and fifty-four
1.000
1,000 = "one thousand".
1,132 = one thousand one hundred and thirty-two
1,951= one thousand nine hundred and fifty-one
a) 100
Pentru toate numerele compuse din 3 cifre (254, 776, 991...), este suficient sa indicam cate sute avem,
adaugand AND, urmand zecile si unitatile.
Exemplu:
101 = one hundred and one
154 = one hundred and fifty-four
b) 1.000
Spre deosebire de cazul sutelor, miile NU vor mai fi urmate de AND, care se va pastra in cazul sutelor:
1,132 = one thousand one hundred AND thirty-two
1,951= one thousand nine hundred AND fifty-one
b) 1.000.000
"1.000.000", spunem "one million".
1,725,321 = | one million | seven hundred and twenty-five thousand | three hundred and twenty-one.
SA ADRESAM INTREBARI !
Putem avea nevoie de diverse informatii care implica numere, cum ar fi varsta cuiva, inaltimea, greutatea,
distante, durata in timp si alte asemenea informatii:
How tall is he? (Cat este de inalt el ?)
How old are you? (Cati ani ai ?)
How far is Bucharest ? (Cat de departe este Bucuresti-ul ?)
How much does it weigh ? (Cat cantareste acesta/aceasta ?)
How long must I wait ? (Cat de mult trebuie sa astept ?)
20
How deep is the river ? (Cat de adanc este raul ?)

SA SPUNEM ORA !
1) Se va utiliza un sistem din 12 ore, si NU din 24 de ore.
Pentru a indica diferenta dintre timpul zilei si timpul noptii (ora 13 si ora 1 de exemplu), vom utiliza
abrevierile : "am" sau "pm"
3 am = ora 3 noaptea (am = ante meridiem = termen provenit din limba latina).
3 pm = ora 3 dupa-amiaza (pm = post meridiem = de asemenea termen provenit din latina).
2) Pentru a spune cat este ora, vom incepe intotdeauna cu minutele!
8 h 20 min = 8.20 am = it's twenty past eight.
9 h 55 min = 9.55 am = it's five to ten.
3) Diferenta dintre "PAST"si "TO"
Pentru a putea spune cat este ora, avem nevoie de 2 cuvinte cheie :
- PAST: pentru cadranul din dreapta, minutele de la 1 la 30 . Pentru a ne fi mai usor, vom traduce past cu
trecut de.
- TO: pentru cadranul din stanga, minutele de la de 31 la 59. Pentru a ne fi mai usor, il vom traduce cu pana
la.
Exceptions!
Nefiind un element de dificultate, vom intalni si situatii care fac exceptie de la regula :
1) ORA FIXA
Cand vorbim de orele fixe, avem constructia : "it's eight o'clock" sau its eight sharp (fix)
2) SFERTUL DE ORA
Se utilizeaza "quarter" (sfert).
9.15 = it's a quarter past nine.
8.45 = it's a quarter to nine.
3) JUMATATEA DE ORA
Se utilizeaza "half" (jumatate). Atentie la pronuntie, h este sonor, se aude.
6.30 = it's half past six.
8.30 = it's half past eight.
4.2. NUMERALUL ORDINAL:

Mod de formare:
- prin adaugarea terminatiei "th" la numeralul cardinal corespunzator
- prin folosirea articolului hotarat the inaintea sa.
FORMA:
the 1st / first = primul
the 2nd / second = al doilea
21
the 3rd / third = al treilea

the 4th / fourth = al patrulea
the 5th / fifth = al cincilea
the 6th / sixth = al saselea
the 7th / seventh = al saptelea
the 8th / eighth = al optulea
the 9th / nineth = al noualea
the 10th / tenth = al zecelea
the 11th / eleventh = al unsprezecelea
the 12th / twelfth = al doisprezecelea
the 13th / thirteenth = al treisprezecelea
the 14th / fourteenth = al patrusprezecelea
the 15th / fifteenth = al cincisprezecelea
the 16th / sixteenth = al saisprezecelea
the 17th / seventeenth = al saptesprezecelea
the 18th / eighteenth = al optusprezecelea
the 19th / nineteenth = al nouasprezecelea
the 20th / twentieth = al douazecilea
the 21st / twenty-first = al douazecilea
the 22nd / twenty-second = al douazecisiunulea
the 23rd / twenty-third = al douazecisidoilea
the 24th / twenty-fourth = al douazecisipatrulea
Atunci cand un numeral cardinal se termina in -y, acesta se schimba in -ie inainte de a se adauga -th.
the 30th / thirtieth = al treizecilea
the 50th / fiftieth = al cincizecilea
the 100th / hundredth = al o sutalea
Exceptii:
a) one --- the first (1st)
b) two --- the second (2nd)
c) three --- the third (3rd)
d) five si nine, la care se suprima -e final: fifth (5th) si ninth (9th)
e) zecile la care -y final se transforma in ie: forty --- the fortieth (40th)
22
Intrebuintari:
Locul intr-o insiruire.
Data: in Marea Britanie se foloseste intotdeauna forma unui numeral ordinal pentru a indica data. De
asemenea, secolele vor fi enuntate cu ajutorul numeralului ordinal. In limba romana, spunem secolul
21, dar in limba engleza el va fi sub forma: secolul al 21-lea = the twenty-first century/ the 21 st
century
Exemple:
21st July (the twenty-first of July)
June 4th (the fourth of June)
23 April, 1989 (the twenty-third of April nineteen eighty-nine)
December 29 (the twenty-ninth of December)
Fractii:
1/2 se citeste one half
3/4 se citeste three quarters
7/8 se citeste seven eights
23
1. Scrieti in litere urmatoarele numere:

123 - .
1,450 - ..
58 -
33 -
1,024 - ..
985 - .
24 - ...
48 -
2. Traduceti in limba engleza:
a) Ziua mea de nastere este pe data de 22 mai.
b) Am ajuns in Bucuresti pe data de 14 iunie.
c) John este al patrulea elev din clasa.
d) 4 Iulie este ziua nationala a Americii.
e) Primul autobuz din parcare este al nostru.
f) Sunt 14 elevi in aceasta clasa.
3. Scrieti in litere urmatoarele ore:
10:45 -
11:25 -
12:40 -
13:30 -
14:05 -
13:58 -
07:15 -
20:20 -
24:00 -
19:50 -
02:00 -
16: 33 -
4. Raspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari:
a) How old are you? ..
b) How tall is your teacher? ..
c) How many students are in your class? .
d) How many minutes are in an hour? .
e) How many hours are in a day? .
f) How many days are in a week?
24
g) How many weeks are in a month?

h) How many months are in a year?
i) How many days are in February? .
j) How much money do you have in your pocket?
k) How many true friends do you have?
5. Scrieti numeralele ordinale pentru urmatoarele numerale cardinale, dupa model:
Model: 9 the nineth
a) 1 ..; b) 2 ..; c) 3 .; d) 5 .; e) 8 .;
f) 11 .; g) 12 .; h) 19 ; i) 20 ..; j) 21 .;
k) 32 .; l) 44 .. .m) 65 .. ; n) 79 ..; o) 81 .;
p) 100 ; r) 122 .
6. Raspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari:
a) What time do you get up every day?
b) What time do you have breakfast?
c) What time do you leave home?
d) What time do you get to work?
e) What time do you have your first meeting?
f) What time do you have your lunch break?
g) What time do you go back home?
h) What time do you have lunch?
i) What time do you turn on your TV?
j) What time do you go to bed?
7. Traduceti in limba engleza (atentie la numeralele ordinale):
a) A doua masina va fi albastra.
b) Al patrulea birou este al meu, nu al ei.
c) Secolul 21 este interesant pentru noi toti.
d) Aceasta este a treia oara cand vin aici.
e) Aceasta este ultima oara cand iti dau cartea mea.
f) Poti sa-mi imprumuti 270 de dolari? Am putini (insuficienti) bani.

g) Eu voi cumpara 15 trandafiri galbeni.
h) 25 de oameni se vor intalni maine la ora 12.30.
i)
99 de copii vor veni maine sa viziteze orasul nostru.
j)
O voi suna doar de trei ori pentru ca sunt in intarziere.
k)
Acesta este primul doctor in care am incredere.
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V. PRONUMELE (The PRONOUN)

5.1. PRONUMELE PERSONAL:
Caz
Numr
Persoana
Nominativ
(forma neaccentuat)
Dativ Acuzativ
(forma
accentuat)
masculin
I (eu)
you (tu)
he (el)
me
you
him
feminin
she (ea)
her
neutru
it
we (noi)
you (voi)
they (ei, ele)
it
us
you
them
Genul
I
II
Singular
III
Plural
Ex:
I
II
III
I am the manager of this hotel. (Eu sunt managerul acestui hotel)

You are my best friend. (Tu esti cel mai bun prieten al meu)
She is a very polite customer. (Ea este o clienta foarte politicoasa)
He is Andrew, my neighbor. (El este Andrei, vecinul meu)
It is a very nice day today. (Este o zi foarte frumoasa astazi)
There is something on the table. It is a book. (Se afla ceva pe masa. Este o carte)
We must never drink and drive. (Noi nu avem voie sa bem si sa conducem)
You must finish your work on time. (Voi trebuie sa va terminati treaba la timp)
They know the answer to this problem. (Ei /ele cunosc raspunsul la aceasta problema)
Pentru formele din cazul dativ - acuzativ:

Ex. Tell me the secret, and maybe I can help you. (Spune-mi secretul si poate te pot ajuta.)
Let me come with you to the party. (Lasa-ma sa vin cu tine/ voi la petrecere.)
Ask her if she is hungry, and offer her a drink. (Intreab-o daca ii este foame si ofera-i ceva de baut.)
Give him back the money and he will forgive you. (Da-i banii inapoi si el te va ierta.)
Let it play in the garden. You know how dogs love to play outside. (Lasa-l sa se joace in gradina. Stii cat
le place cainilor sa se joace afara.)
Show us where we can smoke please. (Arata-ne unde putem fuma, te rog.)
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Tell them to come home. It is getting late. (Spune-le sa vina acasa. Se face tarziu.)
Retineti! a) It se foloseste pentru a nominaliza orice cu exceptia fiintelor umane.
Ex. It is a wild cat. (Acesta este o pisica salbatica.)
b) Its (pronume posesiv) nu se scrie cu apostrof.
Ex. Its tail is very long. (Coada sa este foarte lunga.)
Atentie: a nu se confunda its (pronume posesiv) cu its (pronume personal + verb), constructie ce provine din
it+is, sau it +has.
Ex. Its a nice morning. It is a nice morning. (Este o dimineata frumoasa.)
c) It demonstrativ
Ex. I see you have something in your hand. What is it? (Vad ca ai ceva in mana. Ce este (lucrul acesta)?)
d) It impersonal
Ex. It was two oclock in the afternoon when she came to my place. (Era ora 2 dupa-amiaza cand ea a venit
acas la mine.)
Pronumele personal la persoana I-a singular I se scrie intotdeauna cu majuscula.
Ex. You and I will be good friends. (Tu si eu vom fi prieteni buni.)
5.2. PRONUMELE DEMONSTRATIV:

Pronumele demonstrativ exprima de obicei relatiile de spatialitate si temporalitate dintre obiectele la care se
refera vorbitorul.
pentru apropiere
Singular
this (acesta, aceasta)
Plural
these (acestia, acestea)
that (acela, aceea )
those (aceia, acelea)
(HERE -aici)
pentru departare
(THERE -acolo)
Ex. This is a very nice restaurant. (Acesta este un restaurant foarte dragut)
That is a wonderful present for your wife. (Acela este un minunat cadou pentru sotia ta)
These are the exercises for next week. (Acestea sunt exercitiile pentru saptamana viitoare)
Those are my neighbours. (Aceia sunt vecinii mei)
Alte cuvinte cum ar fi such (asemenea), the same (acelasi/aceeasi), so (astfel), the other (celalalt, cealalta),
the others (ceilalti, celelalte), the latter (ultimul) pot fi incluse in lista pronumelor demonstrative.
Ex. The others are not part of our team. (Ceilalti nu fac parte din echipa noastra.)
Dac pronumele demonstrativ precede un substantiv, devine adjectiv demonstrativ.
Ex. This car is red. (Aceasta masina este rosie.)
27
The other boys are not with us. (Ceilalti baieti nu sunt cu noi.)
That boy can already drive his fathers car. (Acel baiat poate deja sa conduca masina tatalui sau)
These roses will look great in our garden. (Acesti trandafiri vor arata minunat in gradina noastra)
She is not the same woman that I saw yesterday. (Ea nu este aceeasi femeie pe care am vazut-o ieri)
5.3. PRONUMELE POSESIV:

Pronumele posesiv exprima ideea de posesie.
Ex. This car is mine. (Aceasta masina este a mea.)
Forma pronumelui posesiv este forma de genitiv a pronumelui personal.
Persoana
Genul
Plural
ours (al nostru
yours (al vostru)
masculin
Numrul
Singular
mine (al meu)
yours (al tau)
his (al lui)
feminin
hers (a ei)
theirs (al lor, ale lor)
neutru
I
II
III
Ex. This book is not yours, I will not let you take it. (Aceasta carte nu este a ta, nu te voi lasa sa o iei)
These documents are his, I dont think you should read them. (Aceste documente sunt ale lui, nu cred ca
ar trebui sa le citesti.)
5.4. ALTE TIPURI DE PRONUME:

5.4.1. Pronumele reflexiv:
Pronumele reflexive se folosesc obligatoriu sau optional cu un numar de verbe reflexive. Actiunea se refera la
subiect, fapt pentru care pronumele reflexive se folosesc atunci cand subiectul si complementul direct /
indirect se refera la aceeasi persoana.
Persoana
Gen
Numr
Singular
myself (eu) insumi, insami
II
yourself (tu) insuti, insati
III
masculin
himself (el) insusi
feminin
herself (ea) insasi
neutru
itself (insusi) (cu exceptia

fiintelor umane)
Plural
ourselves (noi)
insine
yourselves (voi)
insiva
themselves (ei,
ele) insisi, insele
Ex. I told myself that things would be OK in the end. (Mi-am spus mie insumi/insami ca lucrurile vor fi OK
in cele din urma.)
You did this by yourselves. (Ati facut acest lucru voi insiva.)
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The dog bit itself in a fit of rage/rabies. (Cainele s-a muscat pe sine insusi intr-o criza de turbare.)
5.4.2. Pronumele Interogativ:

Pronumele interogativ se foloseste in propozitii interogative directe sau indirecte.
Forme: when? (cand?), who? (cine?), whose? (a, al, ale, ai cui?), whom? (pe cine?, pe care? cui?), where?
(unde?), what? (ce?, care?, ct?), which? (care(din ei, ele)?, pe care..?)
Who este folosit in intrebari pentru a identifica o persoana.
Ex. Who is that girl talking to Mary? (Cine este fata aceea care vorbeste cu Mary?)
Who is at the door?(Cine este la usa?)
Who can answer this question?(Cine poate raspunde la intrebarea aceasta?)
Whose is this pen? (Al cui este acest creion?)
Whose is the red car blocking the alley? (A cui este masina rosie care blocheaza aleea?)
Tell me whom do you want to call. (Spune-mi pe cine vrei sa suni.)
To whom shall I send the invitations? (Cui sa trimit invitatiile?)
Whom can I talk to about the price of this car? (Cu cine pot vorbi despre pretul acestei masini?)
Where are our friends when we need them? (Unde sunt prietenii nostri cand avem nevoie de ei?)
Please tell us where we can go on holiday. (Te rog spune-ne unde putem merge in vacanta.)
Where is a policeman when you need one? (Unde este un politist atunci cand ai nevoie de el?)
What este folosit in intrebarile cu privire la lucruri sau descrierea unei persoane.
Ex. What is your father? (Ce este tatal tau?) He is an engineer. (El este inginer.)
What is your fathers name? (Care este numele tatalui dumneavoastra?)
What can you do to help your parents? (Ce poti face ca sa iti ajuti parintii?)
Which este folosit in locul oricarui fel de substantiv si implica o alegere dintr-un grup limitat de obiecte:
Ex. Which is the younger of you two? (Care este cel mai tanar dintre voi doi?)
Which animal is faster: the tiger or the cheetah? (Care animal este mai rapid: tigrul sau ghepardul?)
5.4.3. Pronumele Relativ:

Pronumele relativ este utilizat pentru a introduce o propozitie subordonata si face legatura dintre propozitia
subordonata, care da explicatii despre substantivul antecedent, si propozitia continand substantivul determinat
(propozitia principala).
29
Pronume relative: who(care- doar pentru fiinte umane), which (care- nu se foloseste pentru fiinte umane),
whom, whose, that (acela, aceea (pe care)).
Ex. The boy who crosses the street is my brother. (Baiatul care traverseaza strada este fratele meu)
Which introduce informatii suplimentare dar care pot fi omise fara a se schimba intelesul frazei.
Ex. The book which my mother is reading is on the table. (Cartea pe care o citeste mama mea este pe masa.)
Aceasta propozitie are sens chiar daca subordonata which my mother bought from the library este omisa:
The book was on a shelf.
Alte pronume relative: what, whoever (oricine), whatever (orice, oricare, indiferent ce), whichever (orice).
Ex. Whatever the future might bring, you will always be my best friend. (Orice s-ar intampla in viitor, tu vei
fi mereu prietenul meu cel mai bun.)
5.4.4. Pronumele Reciproc:

Pronumele reciproc exprima relatia reciproca intre doua sau mai multe obiecte, fiinte.
Forme: each other (unul altuia, unul pe altul, una alteia, una pe alta, reciproc) si one another (unii altora,
unele altora, reciproc).
Ex. They saw each other from a distance. (S-au vazut unul pe altul de la distanta.)
Retineti!: each other se refera la doua persoane, obiecte, iar one another la mai multe.
Ex. They offered one another some souvenirs. (Si-au oferit unii altora cateva suveniruri.)
5.4.5. Pronumele nehotarat:

Pronumele nehotarat indica obiecte intr-un fel generalizat sau nedefinit fara sa le specifice cu exactitate.
30
Oameni
-body
-one
some- somebody (cineva)
someone (cineva)
anyanybody (oricine)
anyone (oricine)
nonobody (nimeni)
no one (nici un, o)
every- everybody (toti)
everyone (oricine)
Ex. Someone is at the door. (Cineva este la usa.)
lucruri
-thing
something (ceva)
anything (orice)
nothing (nimic)
everything (totul)
locuri
-where
somewhere (undeva)
anywhere (oriunde)
nowhere (nicaieri)
everywhere (peste tot)
Everywhere you go, remember to take your ID with you. (Oriunde mergi, nu uita sa-ti iei actele de
identitate cu tine.)
Nothing happened. (Nu s-a intamplat nimic.)
!Retineti: in propozitiile afirmative, se folosesc formele compuse cu some, iar in propozitiile interogative si
in cele negative, formele compuse cu any.
Ex. I see someone in the garden. (Vad pe cineva in gradina.)
Do you see anyone in the garden? (Tu vezi pe cineva in gradina?)
I do not see anyone in the garden. (Nu vad pe nimeni in gradina.)
Alte pronume nehotarate: another (alt, -a, alti, -e), others (ceilalti, altii), one (cineva), both (amandoi,
amandoua, ambii, ambele), either (fiecare), neither (nimeni), all (toti), each (fiecare), some (cativa, unii, o
parte), any (orice), little (putin), a little (putin), few (cativa), a few (cativa), much (mult), many (multi),
several (mai multi), enough (indeajuns, suficient).
Ex. Few came to his birthday. (Putini au venit la ziua lui de nastere)
- When I came, the room was full of people. A few sat on a couch by the window, several were playing cards,
some were talking about the weather, and all were very happy. (Cand am ajuns, camera era plina de oameni.
Cativa sedeau pe o canapea lang fereastra, mai multi jucau carti, unii vorbeau despre vreme, si toti erau
foarte fericiti.)
- Do you have money on you? I have a little. (Ai bani la tine? Am ceva / am cativa.)
- Much was written about this novel. (S-a scris mult despre acest roman.)
- I saw the others the day before yesterday. (I-am vazut pe ceilalti alataieri.)
- Would you like a peach or a pear? Neither. (Vrei o piersica sau o para? Nici una nici alta.)

1. Folosind pronumele personale corespunzatoare, completati spatiile punctate:
a) Angela is a very good person. is my best friend.
b) Dan likes English very much. can speak, read and write very well.
c) am an engineer. do my job every day.
d) Me and my mother like to cook very much. are the best cooks in our family.
e) are a very polite man. . must be very proud of yourself.
f) Andrew and his brother have a little dog. love their dog very much.
g) two must come in the directors office right now.
h) Mary never drinks coffee for breakfast. prefers tea.
i) Me and Angela are sisters. also have a brother.
j) am a good student. My English teacher appreciates me a lot.
k) Mathew is working in a big company. is an assistant manager.
31
2. Completati spatiile libere cu pronumele corespunzator:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
Tell (mie) your secret.

Give (Mary) . our umbrella.
Tell (Dan and Mary) to come home.
Ask .. (Jim) to read the lesson.
Give (mie) a pencil, please.
Show (Jack and I) your house.
Bring (Mary) many flowers.
Tell (Dan) what to do.
Dont ask (Mary and I) a lot of questions.
Show (Diana and her sister) your room.
Dont tell (mie) when to come home.
3. Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii; atentie la pronumele folosit:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
Acest barbat este un client important.

Trebuie sa vorbim cu acea doamna care si-a uitat cartea de credit pe masa.
Aceste intrebari sunt fara raspuns in acest moment.
Acei oameni asteapta sa intre pentru interviu.
Aceasta femeie este noul manager.
Aceste probleme sunt foarte importante pentru noi.
Acel camion este parcat in fata hotelului. Va rog sa-i spuneti soferului sa parcheze in alta parte.
Aceasta sedinta ne ajuta sa comunicam intre departamente.
Te rog sa iei acele hartii de pe biroul directorului.
Acest sofer isi repara masina in curtea noastra.
4. Completati spatiile libere cu pronumele posesiv: (mine, yours, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
This is my book. This book is .

These are her flowers. These flowers are . .
That is his dog. That dog is .
Those are their cars. Those cars are .
This is our house. This house is .
Those are your parents. Those parents are .
That is his classroom. That classroom is .
These are my pencils. These pencils are .
Those are our children. Those children are .
This is your desk. This desk is .
That is his office. That office is .
5. Formulati intrebari pentru urmatoarele raspunsuri:

Model: Where does Ann live?
Ann lives in New York.
a) When...?
John walks to school with her friends in the morning.
b) Where..?
Mary eats lunch at school or at home every day.
c) When?
Andrew does his homework when he comes home.
d) What..?
Sometimes Mark washes his car in the garden.
d) What time.?
My family has dinner at 7.
e) Who.?
32
Jack and Jill are at the door.

e) How much.?
The car costs 2000 $.
f) How many.?
There are 12 children in the classroom.
g) How?
Mary is 12 years old.
h) Where.?
I go to the seaside every summer.
i) When...?
They come home in the evening.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Unde este sora ta? Eu vreau sa vorbesc cu ea acum.

A cui este aceasta pereche de ochelari?
Unde pot gasi o carte de engleza? Am nevoie sa scriu o scrisoare.
Cine este la usa? Este sora ta; ea vine la cina.
Eu nu stiu care dintre voi canta la pian.
Al cui telefon suna? Va rog sa il inchideti.
Ce spui tu? (acum) Eu nu o plac cand vorbeste asa. (like this)
Eu nu vreau sa te vad. De ce vii inapoi in fiecare zi?
Cine imi poate spune unde se afla restaurantul?
Cui ma pot plange pentru un calculator disparut?
Cine sunt acei oameni? Eu cred ca ii cunosc.

SOME
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
Spune-mi ceva ce eu nu stiu. Eu stiu totul.

Exista ceva ciudat (strange) in spatele acelei usi. Ai putea sa vezi ce este?
Eu trebuie sa ajung undeva. Ati putea sa ma duceti acolo?
Pune cartea aceasta altundeva. Nu mai am nevoie de ea (anymore).
Noi nu avem bani, dar vom merge vara aceasta la mare cumva.
El va reusi cumva sa rezolve problemele.
Poate cineva sa imi spuna unde este hotelul?
Spune-i lui Dan ca cineva il asteapta in biroul lui.
Uneori imi place sa ma duc la plimbare cu familia mea seara.
ANY
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)
o)
p)
q)
Este ceva (orice) ce ai vrea sa-mi spui?

Orice spui azi te va rani (to hurt) maine.
Oriunde ma duc in tara mea, vad locuri frumoase.
Nu plecati nicaieri. Trebuie sa vorbesc cu voi.
Este cineva (oricine) care vorbeste engleza in acest birou?
Nu vorbi cu nimeni pana ma intorc.
Tu si familia ta sunteti bineveniti oricand.
Oricand ai nevoie de mine, voi fi acolo.
EVERY
r) Spune-mi totul despre el. Am nevoie sa stiu.
33
s)
t)
u)
v)
w)
x)
y)
Totul este bine (all right) aici. Poti pleca acasa.

Acesti copii sunt peste tot. Lor le place sa se joace.
Daca imi pierd ochelarii, ii voi cauta peste tot.
Sa nu ai incredere in toata lumea.
Toata lumea te asteapta. De ce nu vii mai repede?
De fiecare data cand vorbesc cu ei, ei sunt grabiti.
Noi vorbim despre familiile noastre de fiecare data cand ne intalnim.
NO
z)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Nimic nu se compara (to compare) cu o baie fierbinte.

Nu este nimic ce poti face acum. Este prea tarziu.
Unde mergi acum? Nicaieri, stau acasa.
Nimeni nu poate spune ca tu esti o persoana rea.
Nimanui nu-i place un copil razgaiat (spoiled).
Nu este nimeni la birou la ora aceasta.
Vad ca nimic de aici nu functioneaza (to work).
ALWAYS / NEVER
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
El isi face intotdeauna temele seara.

Tu intotdeauna incerci sa placi (to please) la toata lumea.
Eu niciodata nu mananc nimic inainte sa-mi beau cafeaua.
Ei niciodata nu suna sa spuna ca intarzie.
Ana este intotdeauna pe fuga. Niciodata nu are timp sa vorbeasca cu noi.
Niciodata sa nu ii spui sefului tau ca el greseste. Seful are intotdeauna dreptate.
to be right = a avea dreptate
to be wrong = a gresi /a se insela cu privire la ceva / cineva
8. Completati spatiile punctate cu SOME sau ANY:

a) There is milk in that bottle.
b) She wants stamps but there arent on the desk.
c) Im afraid there isnt coffee left; will you buy ?
d) Is there one here who speaks Italian?
e) I would like to buy new clothes but I havent money.
f) There is beer in the fridge but there arent glasses.
g) You cannot eat more strawberries. I want to make jam.
h) one I know likes you a lot. Would you like to know who it is?
i)
Have you idea who can lend me a car?
j)
When would you like to come? day would be fine.
k) Are there letters for me?

l)
Dont let in. I am too busy to see body.
m) thing tells me you have got bad news for me.

n) I cannot see my glasses where.
o) You are looking very miserable; has ..thing upset you?
p) one who believes what Jack says is a fool.
34
q) She put her handbag down where, and now she cannot find it.
r) Will you have coffee or tea?
s) Havent you got friends in Rome? You talk about them all the time.
t)
Havent you got friends here? You should get out more often.
u) I see you havent maps. Would you like to borrow of mine?

v) one can tell you how to get there. (Everyone knows the way)
w) Come and have dinner with us if you arent doing thing tonight.
x) I how imagined the house would be much larger.
y) All the salaries come much later now; its thing to do with the computer.
z) He lives where in France now.
VI. ADVERBUL (The ADVERB)

Adverbul este partea de vorbire care ne ofera mai multe informatii despre unde, cat de frecvent, cum, cand sau
in ce masura are loc o actiune.
Adverbele determina verbe, adjective, propozitii sau alte adverbe.
Ex. I often read history books. (Citesc adesea carti istorice) determina verbul read
A surprisingly beautiful girl (o fat surprinzator de frumoasa) determina adjectivul beautiful
She walks incredibly slowly. (Ea mergea incredibil de incet) determina adverbul slowly
6.1. FORMA ADVERBELOR:

Adverbele se formeaza, de regula, prin adaugarea terminatiei ly la forma corespunzatoare gradului de
comparatie pozitiv al adjectivului.
Adjectiv
Adverb (Adjectiv + -ly)
First (prim)
firstly (in primul rand)
Slow (incet)
slowly (incet, cu incetineala)
Stupid (prost)
stupidly (prosteste, in mod

prostesc)
35
Powerful (puternic)
powerfully (cu putere)
Ex. He stupidly threw his money away on drink. (El si-a aruncat banii prosteste, pe bautura.)
The old woman was slowly walking on the road side. (Batrana mergea incet pe marginea drumului.)
Modificari ortografice:
1. La adjectivele terminate in ic se adauga -ally

Ex. economic - economically (economic - din punct de vedere economic), magic-magically (magic ca
prin farmec), statistic statistically (statistic din punct de vedere statistic)
exceptie: public-publicly (public - in mod public)
2. Daca adjectivul se termina in y, acesta se va inlocui cu i + -ly
Ex. pretty-prettily (dragut - cu dragalasenie), easy-easily (usor - cu usurinta), lucky-luckily (norocos cu noroc, din fericire)
3. Cand avem un -le terminal (-able, -ible, -le), dispare -e si este inlocuit cu -y.
Ex. possible possibly (posibil - posibil), terrible terribly (teribil - in mod teribil, teribil de), gentle
gently (bland cu blandete)
4. Forme care fac exceptie de la regul:
Ex. whole wholly (intreg - in intregime), true truly (adevarat - cu adevarat), due duly
(corespunzator, aferent - in mod corespunzator)
5. Exista adverbe care au aceeasi forma ca si adjectivele: late (tarziu), near (aproape), hard (greu),
fast (repede), early (devreme), wrong (rau)
Ex. He came on a late summer night. (El a venit intr-o noapte tarzie de vara.) late este adjectiv
He came late that night. (El a venit tarziu in noaptea aceea.) late este adverb
Adverbele care au aceeasi forma cu adjectivele din care provin pot avea sensuri total diferite de acestea.
Astfel, ca adjectiv late poate insemna raposat:
Ex. the late Mr. Brown (raposatul domn Brown)
6. Sunt adjective care au 2 forme adverbiale cu sensuri diferite:
Adjectivul right are urmatoarele forme adverbiale:
Ex. He went right this way. (A luat-o exact pe drumul acesta.)
He rightly punished the guilty ones. (I-a pedepsit pe drept pe cei vinovati.)
Adjectivul first are urmatoarele forme adverbiale:
First, I want to thank you. (In primul rand, vreau sa-ti multumesc.)
Firstly, you gather the necessary data. Secondly, you draft the report. (In primul rand, aduni datele
necesare. In al doilea rand, intocmesti raportul.) Firstly se foloseste in enumerari ca cea de mai sus:
firstlysecondlythirdly etc.
7. well/good
36
Well corespunde formei adjectivale good.

Ex. I am well. (Sunt bine)
6.2. CLASIFICAREA ADVERBELOR:

1. Adverbe de timp, durata si frecventa
2. Adverbe de loc si directie
3. Adverbe de mod
4. Adverbe de probabilitate
5. Adverbe de grad
6.2.1. Adverbe de timp, durata si frecventa:

Arata cand a avut loc o actiune, durata si frecventa ei.
Ex. Cand: later (mai tarziu), now (acum), today (astazi), tomorrow (maine), last week (saptamana trecuta),
early (devreme)
Durata, pentru cat timp: not long (nu pentru mult timp), for a while (pentru o vreme), all night (toata
noaptea), since last year (de anul trecut), all the time (tot timpul), for weeks on end (saptamani la rand)
Cat de frecvent: often (in mod frecvent, adesea, des), now and then (cand si cand), sometimes
(cateodata), rarely (rar), on a regular basis (regulat), every two days (din doua in doua zile)
Ex. He comes to me every two days. (El vine la mine din doua in doua zile.)
See you later. (Ne vedem mai tarziu.)
I have not seen her since last month. (Nu am vazut-o de luna trecuta.)
!!!Adverbele de timp se aseaza la sfarsitul propozitiei sau la inceputul ei:
Ex. I will go there tomorrow. (Voi merge acolo maine.)
Tomorrow, I will go there. (Maine, voi merge acolo.)
!!!Adverbele care arata durata se aseaza la sfarsitul propozitiei:
Ex. He will be out of town for a few days. (El va lipsi din oras pentru cateva zile.)
Retineti!
For este intotdeauna urmat de o expresie de durata: for five days (timp de5 zile), for a month (timp de o
luna), for several years (timp de cativa ani), for two centuries (timp de doua secole).
Since este intotdeauna urmat de expresia unui moment punctual in timp: since Monday (de luni), since
2001(din 2001), since last year (de anul trecut).
Adverbele de frecventa exprima frecventa unei actiuni si se aseaza de obicei in fata verbului principal, dar
dupa verbele auxiliare (cum ar fi be, have, may, must):
Ex: I seldom drink green tea. (Beau rar ceai verde) (in fata verbului principal drink)
You must always ask permission before leaving the camp. (Trebuie sa ceri intotdeauna voie inainte de
a parasi tabara.) (dupa verbul auxiliar must si in fata verbului principal ask)
I have never wanted to go there. (Nu am vrut niciodata sa merg acolo) (dupa verbul auxiliar have si in
fata verbului principal want)
Unele adverbe de frecventa exprima regularitatea incidentei unei actiuni si se plaseaza la sfarsitul prepozitiei:
Ex: I go to work every day. (Merg la lucru in fiecare zi.)
I go to the seaside every summer. (Merg la mare in fiecare vara.)
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Adverbe de fecventa: frequently (in mod frecvent), normally (in mod normal), occasionally (ocazional),
generally (in general), often (des), regularly (in mod regulat), sometimes (cateodata), usually (de obicei).
Retineti!
Yet se foloseste in propozitii interogative sau negative:
Ex. Havent you taken lunch yet? (Nu ai luat inca pranzul?)
I have not taken lunch yet. (Nu am luat inc pranzul.)
Still exprima ideea de continuitate. Se foloseste in propozitii afirmative sau interogative.
Ex. I am still having lunch. (Inca iau pranzul.)
Are you still thinking of him? (Inca te mai gandesti la el?)
Ordinea adverbelor de timp :
Daca este nevoie de mai multe adverbe de timp in aceeasi propozitie ordinea lor va fi: adverbe de durata, de
frecventa, de timp.
Ex. I sleep for one hour every afternoon. (Dorm o ora in fiecare dupa amiaza.)
6.2.2. Adverbe de loc si directie:

Adverbele de loc si directie ne arata unde are loc actiunea. Se aseaza in general dupa verbul principal sau
complementul sau.
Ex. dup verb : She looked the other way. (S-a uitat in alta parte.)
dup complement : They built a hotel nearby. (Ei au construit un hotel in apropiere.)
Here / there. Cu verbe de miscare, here exprima ideea de apropiere in spatiu, de deplasare spre vorbitor, iar
there ideea de departare, de indepartare de vorbitor:
Ex. Come here. (Vino aici.)
Go there. (Du-te acolo.)
Expresii cu here/ there: over here (aici), over there (acolo), down here (aici jos), down there (acolo jos), up
here (aici sus), up there (acolo sus)
Ex. Come over here and show me your homework. (Vino aici si arata-mi tema ta)
Park the car over there and lets go home. (Parcheaza masina acolo si hai sa mergem acasa)
We are all down here. You are also welcome. (Noi suntem cu totii aici jos. Si tu esti binevenit)
Adverbele de loc terminate in ward(s) - exprima ideea de miscare intr-o anumita directie:
Upwards (in sus), inwards (inauntru), outwards (inspre exterior), backwards (inapoi), forwards (inainte),
downwards (in jos), northwards (inspre nord), southwards (inspre sud), homewards (inspre casa).
Ex. He fell backwards a few steps. (El se dadu cativa pasi inapoi.)
I think its time to go homewards. (Cred ca e timpul sa merg spre casa.)
Retineti! Towards este prepozitie, nu adverb, astfel incat va fi intotdeauna urmat de un substantiv sau
pronume:
Ex. He stepped towards me. (El a pasit catre mine.)
Adverbe care exprima atat locul cat si directia: overseas (in exterior), uphill (cu greu, in panta), ahead
(inainte), abroad (in strainatate, peste tot), sideways (pe margini).
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Ex: The museum is right ahead. (Muzeul este chiar in fata) indica locatia muzeului
I am going ahead. (Eu merg in fata) - indica directia
6.2.3. Adverbe de mod:

Adverbele de mod ne arata cum, in ce mod are loc o actiune. Ele se aseaza in propozitie dupa verb sau dupa
complementul acestuia.
Ex. He talks gently. (El vobeste domol.) (dupa verb)
She took her meal hastily. (Ea si-a luat masa in fuga / in pripa) (dupa complement)
1. Adverbul de mod nu se aseaza ntre verb si complement:
Incorect: They looked attentively at him. (Ei s-au uitat la el cu atentie.)
Corect: They looked at him attentively.
2. Pozitia adverbului in propozitie este foarte importanta mai ales atunci cand exista mai multe verbe in
propozitie. Daca adverbul este asezat dupa o propozitie, atunci acesta modifica intregul sens exprimat in
propozitie.
Sa observam diferentele de sens in functie de locul adverbului in propozitie:
Ex. He hardly worked for him . (De-abia a lucrat pentru el.)
He worked for him hardly. (A lucrat pentru el din greu.)
6.2.4. Adverbe de siguranta si probabilitate:

Acestea exprima cat de sigur este vorbitorul de actiunea sau evenimentul pe care il relateaz: surely (cu
siguranta), certainly (in mod sigur), definitely (cu certitudine), probably (probabil), undoubtedly (fara nici
o indoiala), maybe (probabil), obviously (evident), perhaps (probabil), possibly (posibil).
Se aseaza in propozitie intre verbul auxiliar si verbul principal, si inainte de verbul principal:
Ex. I certainly wanted to see him. (Cu siguranta am vrut sa il vad.)
I have certainly wanted to see him. (Cu siguranta am vrut sa il vad.)
Pentru a sublinia afirmatiile, se aseaza in debutul frazei:
Ex. Definitely, this is not my lucky day. (In mod sigur, aceasta nu e ziua mea norocoasa.)
Surely asezat la inceputul propozitiei inseamna ca vorbitorul este convins de adevarul unei afirmatii, dar
incearca sa obtina o confirmare:
Ex. Surely youve seen the movie? (Sigur ai vazut filmul,nu?)
6.2.5. Adverbe de grad:

Adverbele de grad exprima intensitatea sau gradul de indeplinire a actiunii unui verb, adjectiv sau adverb:
just (de abia, tocmai), too (de asemenea, prea), almost (aproape (ca)), nearly (aproape (ca)), quite (chiar,
destul de), enough (indeajuns de), hardly (de-abia), completely (complet).
Locul lor in propozitie este fie in fata adjectivului sau adverbului pe care il determina, fie in fata verbului
principal:
Ex. The tea was quite hot. (Ceaiul era destul de fierbinte.)
I quite understand why you do not want to see her. (Chiar inteleg de ce nu vrei sa o vezi.)
We are nearly there. (Aproape ca am ajuns acolo.)
Enough, too, very,

- Enough inseamna "destul de/ sufficient de" si se plaseaza dupa adjectiv, adverb sau verb:
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Ex. Is the weather warm enough to take a sun bath? (Este vremea destul de calda pentru a face o baie de
soare?) determin adjectivul warm
I have said enough to make you understand the situation. (Am spus destul pentru a te face sa intelegi
situatia.) determina verbul to say
He spoke English fluently enough. (El vorbea engleza destul de fluent.) determina adverbul fluently
- Too inseamna "prea ..." si se aseaza in fata adjectivului sau adverbului:
Ex. The soup is too hot. (Supa este prea fierbinte.) (determina adjectivul hot)
He walked too slowly. (El mergea prea incet.) (determina adverbul slowly)
Cand too determina verbul, inseamna de asemenea, si, NU prea:
Ex. She loves flowers, too. (Si ea iubeste florile.)
- Very intareste sensul unui adjectiv sau adverb si se aseaza in fata acestora. Serveste la formarea
superlativului absolut:
Ex. This mountain is very high. (Acest munte este foarte inalt.) (determina adjectivul high)
They spoke very nicely. (Ei au vorbit foarte frumos) (determina adverbul nicely)
Ca si adjectivul, adverbul are grade de comparatie:
Pozitiv: He breathed heavily. (El respira greu.)
Comparativ: He breathed more heavily than ever. (El respira mai greu ca niciodata.)
Superlativ: He breathes very heavily. (El respira foarte greu.)

1. Formati adverbele pentru urmatoarele adjectivele (atentie la modul de scriere):
abrupt ;
attentive .;
comfortable ...;
early ..;
efficient .;
fast ;
fatal ..;
friendly .;
glad ..;
good .;
hard ..;
right ..;
simple ;
terrible ;
hopeful .;
immediate ;
late ;
lovely ;
lucky .;
motherly ;
near ;
noble ..;
noisy ..;
patient ;
poor ;
sensible ..;
sudden ;
wrong .
2. Completati spatiile punctuate cu forma corecta:

a) My sister plays the piano good / well
b) This boy is very careful / carefully
c) This table has a smooth / smoothly surface
d) These girl speaks English fluent / fluently
e) They looked at us amazing / amazingly
f) I dont know why they looked unhappy / unhappily
g) That music sounded too noisy / noisily
h) My brother feels bad / badly
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i) The doctor felt my arm careful / carefully

j) The tourist remained calm / calmly in spite of the terrible storm
k) The boy became sick / sickly
l) The food in this restaurant always tastes good / well .....
m) the woman tasted the meat cautious / cautiously .
3. Folosindu-va de adverbe, raspundeti la intrebari conform modelului:
Model:
Peter is a slow reader.
Yes, he reads slowly.
a) George is a bad actor. .
b) Alice is a fast simmer.
c) Mary is a fluent speaker.
d) Lucy is a good teacher. ..
e) Susan is a careful typist.
f) Christine is a noisy eater.
g) Andrew is a bad worker. .
h) Ben is a dangerous driver. ..
i) Philip is a persuasive speaker. .
j) Jack is a diligent student. .
k) Mary is a fast learner. ..
4. Completati spatiile punctate cu forma corespunzatoare (ambele forme se pot potrivi ocazional):
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
Mary speaks English well, doesnt she? (quite; pretty)

He is feeling tired. (fairly; rather)
Her cousin is an amazing girl. (quite; fairly)
The problem was more difficult than we expected. (much; rather)
My sister enjoys watching TV. (pretty; rather)
It was a boring film. (pretty; rather)
Its cold today. (rather; pretty)
The children are looking forward to the trip. (quite; rather)
I enjoy walking in the park in the evenings. (fairly; quite)
They have made a stupid mistake. (pretty; rather)
5. Completati spatiile punctate cu hard sau hardly:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
She is so tired that she can speak.

They tried but they didnt succeed.
At the end of the trip she had any money.
How could you lend him such a valuable book when you knew him?
If you want to pass such a difficult exam, you will have to work .
The room was so crowded that there was anywhere where to leave the luggage.
You must know the answer; think .
This time she ate anything.
Dont hit him too .
It was raining when we left the house.
6. Completati frazele urmatoare cu so sau such:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
We have many books that we cant count them.

Its an interesting story.
It was an intelligent dog!
I am tired. I want to go to bed at once.
Mother made a good cake that we finished it in a few minutes.
It was a difficult exam yhat only few of us passed it.
The manager was impressed with my brother that he decided to promote him.
I was fascinated by her beauty that I could never forget her.
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i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)
It was a good price for the book that everybody bought one.
The meeting was important that all of the members were present.
I have never read a strange story.
We havent had bad weather for a long time.
I was excited about the promotion that I couldnt sleep.
She saw a boring film that she almost fell asleep.
7. Completati fiecare propozitie cu too sau enough si unul dintre urmatoarele adjective: dark, deep,
difficult, early, heavy, interesting, late, loud, old, rich, thirsty, well:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
They didnt catch the train because they didnt leave home .
You are . to understand such things.
Our neighbours cant sleep because the music in our room is ..
We couldnt solve that problem because it was .
We were to drink a well dry.
We couldnt take a photograph because it is . here.
The cupboard was .. to be moved by the child.
This book is .. to be read by all of you.
They couldnt hear her voice because she was . away.
Mr. Brown is to afford such an expensive car.
We got to the theatre ... and so we missed the first act.
This river is . to be crossed.
George spoke ... to win the speech prize.
8. Introduceti in fraza, in ordinea corecta, adverbele din paranteze:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Ill be waiting for you (in the morning; at the station; at 9 oclock).
They are going (for two weeks; to France; on Monday).
This woman stayed (all day; quietly; here).
The plane arrived (that day; early).
The employees were working (at the factory; very hard; yesterday).
I was born (on February 21st; in the year 1978; at 8 oclock).
He is singing (here; now; beautifully).
VII. PREPOZITIA (The PREPOSITION)

7.1. CLASIFICAREA PREPOZITIILOR:
Prepozitiile sunt cuvinte invariabile carora le lipseste autonomia sintactica si care se comporta ca elemente
subordonate intr-o propozitie.
Clasificarea prepozitiilor:
Exista trei criterii de clasificare a prepozitiilor:
1) dupa forma
2) dupa continut
3) dupa caz
Doar primele doua criterii sunt relevante pentru studiul prepozitiilor din limba engleza.
1)
Dupa forma prepozitiile se clasifica astfel :
a) Prepozitii simple : by (cu, de catre), for (pentru), from (din, de la), in (in), of (de), on (pe), to (la, catre),
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with (cu), despite (in ciuda)

Ex. She arrived by train. (Ea a sosit cu trenul.)
Ex. I put the flowers in a vase on the table. (Am pus florile Intr-o vaza pe masa.)
b) Prepozitii compuse, se obtin prin unirea a doua cuvinte: alongside (pe langa), into (inauntrul), onto (pe),
outside (in afara), throughout (de la un capat la celalalt), upon (pe, peste), underneath (sub), within (in, in
cadrul), without (fara)
Ex.: You will have to manage without me. (Va trebui sa te descurci fara mine.)
Ex. : Come into the garden. (Vino in gradina.)
c) Prepozitii complexe, obtinute prin combinarea adverbelor/prepozitiilor/conjunctiilor cu prepozitii: along
with (impreuna cu), as for (in ceea ce privete), as to (in ceea ce privete), because of (din cauza), down to
(pana la, pana in), except for (in afara de), from among (dintre), from inside (dinauntrul), in between
(printre), instead of (in loc de), out of (in afara de), round about (primprejurul), up to (pana la), etc.;
Ex: Take all the luggage except for that little black purse. (Ia tot bagajul in afara de geanta aceea mica,
negra.);
d) Locutiuni prepozitionale, obtinute de cele mai multe ori prin combinarea prepozitiilor cu substantive: in
accordannce with (in concordanta cu, conform cu), by means of (prin intermediul), by virtue of (datorita),
due to (datorita), in front of (in fata), in addition to (in plus fata de), in the middle of (in mijlocul), in view
of (avand in vedere), in common with (la fel cu), in spite of (in ciuda), on account of (datorita), thanks to
(multumita), with a view to (in scopul), etc.
Ex: Thanks to his intervention, they left the country. (Multumita interventiei lui, ei au parasit tara.)
Dont you dare ring me up in the middle of the night! (Sa nu Indrazneti sa ma suni in toiul noptii!)
2)
Dupa continut clasificarea se face astfel:
a) prepozitii cu un continut semantic concret cum ar fi: at (la), in (in), on (pe), round (in jurul), through
(prin), to (la)
b) prepozitii cu un continut semantic abstract cum ar fi : as for (in ceea ce priveste), of (de, despre), because
of (din cauza), about (despre)
Prepozitiile cu un continut semantic concret indica relatiile de spatialitate. Astfel, avem:

- Prepozitii de loc: at (la), away from (departe de), from (din, de la), in (in), off (in afara), on (in, pe)
Ex. She comes from Paris. (Ea vine de la Paris.)
He spent the whole day on the lake, fishing. (El i-a petrecut toata ziua pe lac, pescuind.)
- Prepozitii care sugereaza destinatia: from (de), into (in), onto (pe), to (pana la)
Ex. There is a long way to my grandmas. (Este drum lung pana la bunica.)
My home is a few miles from the railway station. (Casa mea este la cateva mile de calea ferata.)
- Prepozitii care sugereaza pozitia relativa: behind (in spatele), in front of (in fata), under (sub)
Ex. There is a dog behind that tree. (Este un caine in spatele copacului aceluia.)
Have you seen the nest under the wood pile? (Ai vazut cuibul de sub gramada de lemne?)
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- Prepozitii care sugereaza destinatia relativa: from (de la, din), to (la), on (to) (pe la), in (in) etc.
Ex. He comes from the South. (El vine din sud.)
Prepozitiile cu un continut semantic abstract indica relatiile de temporalitate:
- Prepozitii de timp : at (la), in (la), on (la), before (inainte de), until (pana la, pana cand)
Ex. Come to me at five oclock! (Vino la mine la ora cinci!)
If you cannot make it on time, do not bother to come at all. (Daca nu poti sa vii la timp, nu te mai obosi
sa vii deloc.)
I will be there in ten minutes. (Voi fi acolo In zece minute.)
Come before noon. (Vino inainte de amiaza.)
- Prepozitii care arata durata: for (timp de), through (de pana)
Ex. He was out of the country for three months. (El a lipsit din tara timp de trei luni.)
o Prepozitii care arata succesiunea in timp: after (dupa), from (de la), since (de la, din)
ex.: He lived here since his mothers death. (El a locuit aici de la moartea mamei lui.)
Urmatoarele cuvinte nu sunt prepozitii, ci adverbe: downstairs (jos, la parter), downtown (In ora), upstairs
(sus, la etaj), uptown (In centru). Ele nu sunt urmate de niciun substantiv:
Ex. She climbed upstairs. (Ea a urcat la etaj.)
Cuvinte ca inside, outside, beneath, behind, under etc pot fi i adverbe, i prepozitii (cand sunt urmate de
substantiv).
Ex. He disappeared inside. (El disparu inauntru.) adverb
He disappeared inside the big old house. (El disparu in casa mare i veche.) prepozitie
7.2 CELE MAI UTILIZATE PREPOZITII DIN LIMBA ENGLEZA:

About (despre); Beside (pe langa); Inside (in, in interiorul); Plus (plus); Above (deasupra, peste); Between
(intre); In spite of (in ciuda); Prior to (anterior); According to (conform cu); Instead of (in loc de);
Regarding (in ceea ce privete); Across (peste, de-a curmeziul); Beyond (dincolo de); Into (in); Respecting
(privind); After (dupa); But (afara de); In the midst of (in mijlocul); Round (in jurul, dupa); Against
(contra, impotriva); By (langa, aproape de); In the middle of (in mijlocul); Round about (imprejurul);
Ahead of (inaintea); Concerning (in ceea ce privete, despre); Save (in afara de); Along (de-a lungul, pe);
Considering (cu privire la); Like (ca); Since (de la, din); Despite (in ciuda); Minus (minus); Through (prin,
pe); Alongside (alaturi de); Down (in josul); Near (langa, aproape); Due (to) (din cauza); Next (to) (langa,
aproape de); Throughout (in tot cuprinsul, peste tot in); Among (printre); During (in timpul);
Notwithstanding (in ciuda); Till (pana la); Apart from (independent de); Off (de pe, din); To (la, catre,
spre); Around (in jurul); Except (fara); On (pe, in, la); As (in calitate de); Excepting (fara); On account of
(din cauza); Toward(s) (spre, catre); At (la, in, de la); Excluding (fara); Under (sub, in); Opposite (vizavi
de); Underneath (sub); For (pentru); Out of (in afara); Until (pana la); Because of (din cauza); From (din,
de la); Outside (in afara); Up (in susul); Before (in fata, dinaintea); In (in); Over (peste); Upon (pe); Behind
(in urma, dupa); In addition to (in plus fata de); Owing to (datorita); Up to (pana la); Below (sub,
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dedesubtul); Including (si, inclusiv); Past (pe langa, dincolo de); With (cu); Beneath (sub); In front of (in
fata); Pending (in timpul); Within (inauntrul, in); Beside (langa, alaturi de); Without (fara).
Verbe + Prepozitii
Exista o serie de verbe care cer anumite prepozitii. Astfel:
Agree on something (a cadea de accord asupra a ceva), dar:
Agree with somebody (a cadea de accord cu cineva)
Charge with (a acuza de)
Live for (a trai pentru)
Provide for somebody (a face ceea ce este necesar pentru cineva, a intretine pe cineva)
Approve of somebody (a aproba pe cineva)
Decide on (a se hotari asupra)
Result from (a rezulta din)
Ask for (a cere, a se interesa de)
Excuse from (a scuti de)
Talk about (a vorbi despre)
Bring up (a creste, a educa)
Grow up (a creste, a educa)
Work for (a munci pentru)
Accuse of (a acuza de)
Ask for (a solicita)
De asemenea, exista unele substantive care formeaza expresii fixe cu anumite prepozitii: by train (cu trenul),
by car (cu maina), by plane (cu avionul), at work (la munca), in jail (In Inchisoare), in bed (In pat), on foot
(pe jos), on earth (pe pamant), at present (In prezent), in the end (In cele din urma, In final), at the same time
(In acelai timp).
7.3 ALTE CONSTRUCTII PREPOZITIONALE:

ON TIME exact la momentul potrivit, la timp: Our English class starts on time.(Ora noastra de
engleza incepe la timp).
IN TIME suficient de repede/devreme: He arrived there in time. (El a ajuns acolo la timp).
AT THE END la final: The waiter brought the bill at the end of the evening. (Chelnerul a adus nota
de plata la sfarsitul serii);
IN THE END in sfarsit: The manager admitted in the end there was a problem. (Managerul a
recunoscut in sfarsit ca era o problema).

I. Completati spatiile punctate cu prepozitiile: at, in sau on:
1. Nobody was................ home. 2. His flat was................. the third floor. 3. He lives.................. Tulip
Street. 4.The cook is..................... the kitchen. 5. There are a lot of printing mistakes......................this page. 6.
The guests can see a huge table ..................the middle of the room. 7. You will meet her ......................the
airport. 8. There are some very old books ................... the top shelf. 9.The bathroom in .......................your
left. 10. The children helped their grandparents ...................the farm. 11. Her brother was still .................... the
hospital. 12. We stopped ................... the bottom of the hills for a rest. 13. Her sister was
born ...................1990. 14. My family often goes to restaurants .....................weekends.15. I graduated from
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university.............. 2005..............the age of 24. 16. He cooked the soup .............. half an hour. 17. The clients
are .................... their tables ..................... the restaurant.18. He arrived .................. the middle of the meeting.
19. The waiter puts the plates .......................the table.
II. Completati spatiile punctate cu prepozitiile: during, for sau in:
1.He waited ............. the rain ..............two hours. 2. I visited several museums ...............my stay in
London. 3. Our manager will be ...........Bucharest .............5 days. 4. Mary broke her arm...............the match.
6. Yesterday it rained ............two hours. 7. ............the holiday, the children got seek. 8. My brother will be
away.................. the weekend. 9. In Romania, children go to school ...............September. 10. He
cooked .............3 hours this afternoon.
III. Alegeti varianta corecta:
1. They met quite.......chance.
a) with;
b) by;
c) of.
2. They got......the bus and walked to the store.
a) out;
b) outside;
c) off.
3. The waiter appologized .......being so late.
a) at;
b) to;
c) for.
4. There is no need ........her to go to the hospital
a) into;
b) of;
c) for.
5.He will be.........holiday on July.
a) for;
b) with;
c) on.
7.
a)
b)
c)
Are you afraid........dogs?

in;
on;
of.
8.
a)
b)
c)
They arrived at London.......plane.

with;
on;
by.
III.
Completati spatiile punctate cu prepozitia corespunzatoare:
1. This house is one of the most beautiful .......our village.

2. They got ......Brasov ......12 oclock.
46
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
My friend was accompanied .......his daughter.

We are looking forward .........seeing her again.
The cat is....... (sub) the chair.
Turn left........the end of the street and you will see the hotel.............front of you.
Jack is not good ......repairing things.
Why is he so rude.....her?
You are not qulified .......such a job.
Your paper is full.....mistakes this time.
George is responsible .........all the good things that happened.
The manager accused the client .....stealing.
Mother is angry ....us because we broke the vase.
This glass is an example ......modern pottery.
The waiters job is to act as a link .........the cook and the client.
The children danced ......(in jurul) the snowman.
He has no respect ......politicians.
The house is .....sale.
My father goes to ski .......winter.
The menu is .....the table.
The fork is ..........(in fata) her.
The child concentrates ......the story.
I still depend.....my parents to pay......my car.
How can I get ......Paris......London? There is a flight .....the middle......the night.
The towels ......the room are dirty.
The client wants a table......three persons.
We orderd many courses...........lunch.
The tourists want informations ........local restaurants.
Can you take me .....the Hilton Hotel?
VIII. VERBUL (The VERB)

8.1 Verbul TO BE:
In limba engleza verbele auxiliare sunt to be, to have, to do. Va vom prezenta in continuare
conjugarea celor trei verbe la afirmativ, negativ si interogativ, atat la prezent cat si la trecut.
TO BE = A FI (Prezent)
Afirmativ
Negativ
I am eu sunt
I am not eu nu sunt
Interogativ
Am I? sunt eu?
47
You are tu esti

He is el este
She is ea este
It is el, ea este
We are noi suntem
You are voi sunteti
They are ei, ele sunt
You are not tu nu esti

He is not el nu este
She is not ea nu este
It is not el, ea nu este
We are not noi nu suntem
You are not voi nu sunteti
They are not ei, ele nu sunt
Are you? esti tu?

Is he? este el?
Is she? este ea?
Is it? este ea, el?
Are we? suntem noi?
Are you? sunteti voi?
Are they? sunt ei, ele?
TO BE = A FI (Trecut)
Afirmativ
Negativ
I was eu am fost
You were tu ai fost
He was el a fost
She was ea a fost
It was el, ea a fost
We were noi am fost
You were voi ati fost
They were ei, ele au fost
I was not (wasnt) eu nu am fost

You were not (werent) tu nu ai fost
He was not (wasnt) el nu a fost
She was not (wasnt) ea nu a fost
It was not (wasnt) el, ea nu a fost
We were not (werent) noi nu am fost
You were not (werent) voi nu ati fost
They were not (werent) ei, ele nu au fost
Interogativ
Was I? am fost eu?
Were you? ai fost tu?
Was he? a fost el?
Was she? a fost ea?
Was it? a fost ea, el?
Were we? am fost noi?
Were you? ati fost voi?
Were they? au fost ei, ele?
Verbul to be este auxiliarul cu care se construiesc anumite timpuri verbale:
Prezentul continuu: He is going to school now.

Trecutul continuu: He was going to school.
Viitorul continuu: He will be going to school next year.
8.2. Verbul TO HAVE:

TO HAVE A AVEA (Prezent)
Afirmativ
Negativ
I have eu am
You have tu ai
He has el are
She has ea are
It has el, ea are
We have noi avem
You have voi aveti
They have ei, ele au
I have not (havent) eu nu am

You have not (havent) tu nu ai
He has not (hasnt) el nu are
She has not (hasnt) ea nu are
It has not (hasnt) el, ea nu are
We have not (havent) noi nu avem
You have not (havent) voi nu aveti
They have not (havent) ei, ele nu au
Interogativ
Have I? am eu?
Have you? ai tu?
Has he? are el?
Has she? are ea?
Has it? are ea, el?
Have we? avem noi?
Have you? aveti voi?
Have they? au ei, ele?
TO HAVE = A AVEA (Trecut)
Afirmativ
Negativ
I had eu am avut
You had tu ai avut
He had el a avut
She had ea a avut
It had el, ea a avut
We had noi am avut
I had not (hadnt) eu nu am avut

You had not (hadnt) tu nu ai avut
He had not (hadnt) el nu a avut
She had not (hadnt) ea nu a avut
It had not (hasnt) el, ea nu a avut
We had not (hadnt) noi nu am avut
Interogativ
Had I? am avut eu?
Had you? ai avut tu?
Had he? a avut el?
Had she? a avut ea?
Had it? a avut ea, el?
Had we? am avut noi?
48
You had voi ati avut

They had ei, ele au avut
You had not (hadnt) voi nu ati avut

They had not (hadnt) ei, ele nu au avut
Had you? ati avut voi?

Had they? au avut ei, ele?
Verbul to have este auxiliarul cu care se construiesc anumite timpuri verbale:

Prezentul perfect simplu: He has worked for an hour.
Trecutul perfect simplu : He had worked very much.
8.3. Verbul TO DO (Prezent):

Afirmativ
Negativ
I do eu fac
You do tu faci
He does el face
She does ea face
It does el, ea face
We do noi facem
You do voi faceti
They do ei, ele fac
I do not (dont) eu nu fac

You do not (dont) tu nu faci
He does not (doesnt) el nu face
She does not (doesnt) ea nu face
It does not (doesnt) el, ea face
We do not (dont) noi nu facem
You do not (dont) voi nu facem
They do not (dont) ei, ele nu fac
Interogativ
Do I? fac eu?
Do you? faci tu?
Does he? face el?
Does she? face ea?
Does it? face ea, el?
Do we? facem noi?
Do you? faceti voi?
Do they? fac ei, ele?
Verbul TO DO (Trecut)
Afirmativ
Negativ
I did eu am facut
You did tu ai facut
He did el a facut
She did ea a facut
It did el, ea a facut
We did noi am facut
You did voi ati facut
They did ei, ele au facut
I did not (didnt) eu nu am facut

You did not (didnt) tu nu ai facut
He did not (didnt) el nu a facut
She did not (didnt) ea nu a facut
It did not (didnt) el, ea nu a facut
We did not (didnt) noi nu am facut
You did not (didnt) voi nu ati facut
They did not (didnt) ei, ele nu au facut
Interogativ
Did I? am facut eu?
Did you? ai facut tu?
Did he? a facut el?
Did she? a facut ea?
Did it? a facut ea, el?
Did we? am facut noi?
Did you? ati facut voi?
Did they? au facut ei, ele?
Verbul to do serveste, ca auxiliar, la formarea aspectelor negativ si interogativ ale Prezentului Simplu:
Ex.: I do not cook = Eu nu gatesc
Do I cook? = Gatesc eu?
IX. PREZENTUL SIMPLU (The PRESENT SIMPLE)

9.1. FORMARE
Afirmativ
I speak = eu vorbesc
You speak = tu vorbesti
He speaks = el vorbeste
She speaks = ea vobeste
It speaks = el, ea vorbeste
Negativ
I do not (dontt)speak = eu nu vorbesc
You do not (dont) speak = tu nu vorbesti
He does not(doesnt)speak = el nu vorbeste
She does not(doesnt)speak = ea nu vorbeste
It does not(doesnt)speak = el, ea nu vorbeste
Interogativ
Do I speak? = vorbesc eu?
Do you speak? = Vorbesti tu?
Does he speak? = Vorbeste el?
Does she speak? = Vorbeste ea?
Does it speak? = Vorbeste el, ea?
49
We speak = noi vorbim

We do not(dont)speak = noi nu vorbim
You speak = voi vorbiti
You do not (dont) speak= voi nu vorbiti
They speak = ei, ele vorbesc They do not (dont)speak = ei, ele nu vorbesc
Do we speak? = Vorbim noi?

Do you speak? = Vorbiti voi?
Do they speak? = Vorbesc ei, ele?
Din punct de vedere al formarii, Prezentul Simplu este identic cu infinitivul scurt , la toate persoanele
singular si plural , cu exceptia persoanei a-III-a singular, care adauga terminatia s sau es.
Observatii:
1. Dupa verbele terminate in ss (to kiss = a saruta), -sh (to wash = a spala), -ch (to watch = a privi), -x (to
box = a boxa), -o (to go = a merge) se adauga terminatia es.
2. Verbele terminate in y precedat de o consoana, transforma -y in i si adauga terminatia es. Ex. I carry (eu
car) he carries (el cara).
3. Verbele terminate in y precedat de o vocala, formeaza persoana a treia dupa regula obisnuita. Ex. I play
he plays.
9.2. UTILIZARE:
Pentru a exprima adevaruri general-valabile: Ice melts in the sun.(Gheata se topeste la soare);
Pentru a exprima actiuni repetate/obisnuite: We go to school every day.(Noi mergem la scoala in fiecare
zi); Asemenea actiuni sunt de obicei insotite de adverbe ca: every (in fiecare) + day, week, month, year (zi,
saptamana, luna,an), never (niciodata), occasionally (ocazional), often (adesea), usually (de obicei);
In propozitii exclamative care incep cu here (aici) sau there (acolo): Ex. Here they come! (Uite-i!)

I. Completati spatiile punctate cu forma corecta a verbului TO BE:
1. It a book. 2. John and Jack students. 3. I a teacher. 4. She a housewife. 5. They
engineers. 6. Mr. Black an architect. 7. We economists. 8. You a doctor. 9. Mrs. Smith a
typist.10. You lawyers. 11.I hungry. 12. Angela late.
II. Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la interogativ si negativ:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
I am a student.
Mrs. Black is a housewife.
He is tall.
You are a little boy.
They are schoolgirls.
We are students
She is Romanian.
John is at home.
I am late.
III. Raspundeti la intrebari conform modelului:

Model: Is he an economist, or a teacher?
He is an economist, he is not (isnt) a teacher.
1. Is she a typist or a housewife? 2. Am I an engineer or an architect? 3. Is he a schoolboy or a student? 4. Are
we economists or doctors? 5. Are you a boy or a girl? 6. Is he tall or short? 7. Is she fat or thin? 8. Are you a
Romanian or an Englishman? 9. Are you students or teachers? 10. Are they early or late? 11. Is Angela tall or
short?
50
IV. Raspundeti la urmatoarele intrebari dupa model:

Model: Is he a doctor (teacher)?
Yes, he is.
No, he is not (isnt). He is a teacher.
1.
Are you a student (economist)? 2. Am I an engineer (teacher)? 3. Is she a typist (lawyer)? 4. Are we all
doctors (students)? 5. Is he an Englishman (a Romanian)? 6. Is Bob a schoolboy (doctor)? 7. Is Jane a
ballerina (schoolgirl)? 8. Are you tall (short)?
V. Traduceti in limba engleza:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Suntem noi toti studenti? Da, suntem.

El este doctor sau inginer?
Este Mary profesoara? Nu, nu este; ea este eleva.
Sunteti tu si John frati?
Sunt ei inalti sau scunzi?
Sunt eu in intarziere?
Iti este foame? (Esti infometat?)
Suntem in intarziere?
VI. Completati spatiile punctate cu -s sau -es daca este cazul:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
You sing every evening.

She read a book every day.
He drink tea every morning.
We smoke every day.
They eat in the morning.
Mary like chocolate.
John work all day long.
I go to school every day.
Dan come home in the evening.
V. Formulati intrebari pentru urmatoarele raspunsuri:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
Yes, I like coffee.

No, he does not (doesnt) drink tea in the morning.
Yes, she reads in the evening.
No, we do not (dont) eat in the evening.
Yes, they go to school every day.
No, I do not (dont) smoke.
Yes, she comes home in the afternoon.
No, I am not hungry.
Yes, Mary and John are late.
VI. Raspundeti afirmativ si negativ la urmatoarele intrebari:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
Do you like coffee in the morning?

Does she drink tea at night?
Do you come home at 6 every day?
Does he smoke often?
Do you watch TV regularly?
Do they play golf?
Does John go to school every morning?
Do we stay home in the evening?
Does it rain in autumn?
51
VII. Traduceti in engleza urmatoarele propozitii:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
Eu nu merg la munca in fiecare zi.

Ea nu bea cafea dimineata.
Citesti tu in fiecare seara?
Mananca ea seara?
Ei nu joaca golf in fiecare saptamana.
Se uita ea la televizor seara?
Esti tu un doctor sau un arhitect?
Mananca ei paine dimineata ?
Bea ea cafea la micul dejun ?
Esti tu acasa sau la scoala dupa-masa ?
Merge ea la munte sau la mare vara?
Faceti voi temele voastre dimineata sau seara?
VIII. Completati spatiile punctate cu do sau does:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
........you speak English?

........Lucy serve lunch?
.........father work in a restaurant?
........we help mother in the kitchen?
..........the girl eat in the dining room?
.......you walk in the park?
.......children like fruit?
IX. Completati spatiile punctate cu dont sau doesnt:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
We ........live in a village.
Mother ............cook in the bedroom.
You......go to school in the evening.
I......speak German.
Father .....plant trees in winter.
You......write many letters.
Diana.........come home late.
John .....want to go there tomorrow.
X. PREZENTUL CONTINUU (The PRESENT CONTINUOUS)

10.1 FORMARE:
Afirmativ
I am speaking = eu vorbesc
You are speaking = tu vorbesti
He is speaking = el vorbeste
Negativ
Interogativ
I am not speaking = eu nu vorbesc

You are not (arent)speaking = tu nu vorbesti
He is not (isnt) speaking = el nu vorbeste
Am I speaking? = vorbesc eu?

Are you speaking? = Vorbesti tu?
Is he speaking? = Vorbeste el?
52
She is speakiing = ea vobeste

It is speaking = el, ea vorbeste
We are speaking = noi vorbim
You are speaking = voi vorbiti
They are speaking = ei, ele
vorbesc
She is not(isnt)speaking = ea nu vorbeste

It is not(isnt)speaking = el, ea nu vorbeste
We are not (arent)speaking = noi nu vorbim
You are not (arent) speaking= voi nu vorbiti
They are not (arent)speaking = ei, ele nu
vorbesc
Is she speaking? = Vorbeste ea?

Is it speaking? = Vorbeste el, ea?
Are we speaking? = Vorbim noi?
Are you speaking? = Vorbiti voi?
Are they speaking? = Vorbesc ei,
ele?
In limba engleza, aspectul continuu al oricarui timp se formeaza intotdeauna cu ajutorul verbului auxiliar to
be, la care se adauga verbul de conjugat cu terminatia ing.
Observatii:
1. consoana finala se dubleaza daca vocala care o precede este scurta si accentuata: stop stopping, travel travelling
2. y final se pastreaza, indiferent daca este precedat de consoana sau vocala: play playing; study
studying.
3. terminatia ie se transforma in - y : lie lying, die - dying
4. e final se omite: have having
*exceptii: agree agreeing, be being, see seeing.
10.2 UTILIZARE:
Spre deosebire de Prezentul simplu, care arata o actiune obisnuita, regulata, acest timp descrie o actiune
imediata, care se desfasoara in momentul vorbirii.
De aceea, nu vom intalni la acest timp urmatoarele verbe:
- to like (a placea)
- to want (a vrea)
- to love (a iubi)
- to hate (a uri)
- to be (a fi)
- to need (a avea nevoie)
- to have (a avea) cand e vorba de membrii familiei:
Ex. I have a brother = eu am un frate (prezentul simplu)
Prezentul Continuu se foloseste:
pentru a exprima o actiune care se desfasoara in momentul vorbirii: They are speaking English.
dupa un verb la imperative care indeamna vorbitorul sa observe desfasurarea unei actiuni in momentul
vorbirii: Look! It is snowing!
pentru a exprima o actiune temporara , care iese din caracterul de obisnuinta: They usually go to work in
the morning, but, today they are going to work in the afternoon.
pentru a exprima o actiune viitoare, care face parte dintr-un plan personal de viitor: She is giving a party
next Sunday.
Adverbele care se folosesc cu Prezentul Continuu sunt: now (acum), right now (chiar acum), at this moment
(in acest moment).
- Urmatoarele verbe nu se folosesc la aspect continuu:
Verbe de perceptie: to feel (a simti), to hear (a auzi), to notice (a observa), to see (a vedea), to smell (a
mirosi), to taste (a gusta).
ex. The soup smells good. (Supa miroase bine)
53
Verbe care exprima activitati mentale: to agree (a fi de accord), to believe (a crede), to distrust (a nu
avea incredere), to doubt (a se indoi), to find (a gasi), to forget (a uita), to guess (a ghici), to imagine (a-si
imagina), to know (a sti), to mean (a insemna), to mind (a se supara), to remember (a-si aminti), to
recognize (a recunoaste), to regard (a privi), to suppose (a presupune), to think(that) (a crede ca), to trust
(a avea incredere), to understand (a intelege), etc.
ex. I think you are right. (Cred ca ai dreptate.)
Verbe care exprima dorinta: to desire (a dori), to intend (a intentiona sa), to want (a vrea), to wish (a
dori), etc.
ex. I want to call him. (Vreau sa il sun.)
Verbe care exprima atitudini, sentimente, stari emotionale: to adore (a adora), to detest (a detesta), to
dislike (a detesta, a displacea), to like (a placea), to love (a iubi), to hate (a uri), to please (a face pe plac),
to prefer (a prefera), etc.
ex. I like this film. (Imi place acest film.)
Verbe care exprima posesia: to belong to (a apartine), to have (a avea), to keep (a tine, a pastra, a
continua sa), to owe (a datora), to own (a poseda, a avea), to possess (a poseda, a detine):
ex. This boy belongs to his family. (Acest baiat apartine familiei lui)
Verbe ca: to compare (a compara), to expect (a astepta, a se astepta), to matter (a conta), to

result(from) (a rezulta din), to suffice (a ajunge, a fi destul), to suit (a se potrivi), etc.
ex. So what! That does not matter at all. (Si ce daca! Asta nu conteaza deloc!)

I. Scrieti formele de prezent continuu pentru urmatoarele verbe:
to play
To live
To stop
To agree
To come
To sit
to make
to die
to drop
to cry
to go
to travel
to listen
to regret
to free
to sing
to try
to explain
to study
to cancel
to enter
to see
to lie
to visit
II. Completati spatiile punctate cu forma corecta a verbului TO BE:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
It raining today.
I listening to the teacher.
The teacher explaining the new lesson right now.
Caroline writing a composition at the moment.
Tom and Jim studying their lesson.
Father coming from his office.
Mary walking home now.
My grandparentswatching TV now.
The cat sleeping by the fire.
Dan and I.going to the dance now.
I feeling well, thank you.
My friends. singing an old song at the moment.
Our teacher explaining the new words.
III. Spuneti ce activitate se desfasoara in spatiul indicat:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
My father is in the garage. (to work)

The children are in the park. (to play)
Jane is in the living room. (to watch TV)
The students are in the classroom. (to study)
We are in the kitchen. (to eat)
John is in his car. (to drive)
The singer is on the stage. (to sing)
54
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
You are in your office. (to work)

I am in my room. (to do my homework)
She is thirsty. (to drink water)
They are tired. (to sleep now)
The dishes are dirty. My mother (to wash)
IV. Treceti verbele din paranteza la timpul potrivit:

a) He usually (to drink) coffee, but today he (to drink) tea.
b) What she (to do) in the evenings? She usually (to play) cards or (to watch) TV.
c) The last train (ti leave) the station at 11.30.
d) Ann (to make) a dress for herself at the moment. She (to make) all her dresses.
e) Tom cant have the book now because his father (to read) it.
f) I am busy at the moment. I ( to redecorate) the kitchen.
g) Why you (to put) on your coat? I (to go) for a walk. You (to come) with me?
h) You (to read) a lot usually? Yes, I do.
i) You always (to write) with your left hand?
j) You (to love) him? I (to like) him a lot, but I (not love) him.
k) We (to stay) in the dining room today. The kitchen is dirty.
l) You (to believe) what the newspapers say? No, I (not believe) any of it. Then why you (to read) the
newspaper?
V. Completati spatiile punctate cu forma de prezent continuu a verbelor din paranteza:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
Tom and John .........in the garden (to work).

The little girl.......(to cry).
I am sure he......to me now. (to lie).
Our friends ......to London now. (to travel).
Ana ....a letter to her brother. (to write).
Look! It.....again (to rain).
Mother .....in the park with her daughter now. (to walk).
Mary .......today a green dress. (to wear).
The children.......milk now. (to drink)
PRESENT SIMPLE and PRESENT CONTINUOUS

1. Alegeti forma corecta a verbelor:
a) I (speak; am speaking) English at school. b) You (listen; are listening) to me now. c) The children (drink;
are drinking) milk in the morning. d) Grandma (tells; is telling) a nice story now. e) I (buy; am buying)
flowers at this moment. f) You (drive; are driving) too fast. g) We (listen; are listening) to the news now. h)
55
Mother (washes; is washing) the dishes every evening after dinner. i) John (does; is doing) his homework
right now.
2. Gasiti forma corecta a verbului din paranteza si treceti propozitiile la forma negativa si cea
afirmativa:
a) They (to learn) English now. b) The girl (to make) a cake at the moment. c) I (to get up) at 7 oclock in the
morning. d) I (to read) a new book now. e) We (to leave) in a big house. f) You (to write) a letter to Mary now.
g) My sister (to kiss) her son every morning. h) We (to translate) the lesson now. i) I always (to like) to travel
by train.
3. Completati propozitiile cu adverbele corespunzatoare timpului folosit:
a) I am going to the theatre
on Friday / now / often / never;
b) She asks you many questions
now / at the moment / often / rarely
c) We watch T.V.
seldom / now / at this moment / in the evening
d) The boy is opening the window
often / in the morning / usually / now
e) You are cleaning the room
at this moment / never / now / seldom
f) You knock at this door
at present / every day / now / usually
g) We are driving very fast
never / often / on Sundays / today
h) Mother cooks cabage
usually / every week / now / at this moment
i)
I am selling my car
now / last week / usually / rarely
j)
The telephone is ringing
every morning / now / on Mondays / always
4. Schimbati propozitiile din Prezent Simplu in Prezent Continuu, si schimbati adverbele de

asemenea:
a) Tom often closes the store after 6.
b) Your parents often ask you about your marks.
c) Her neighbours wash their car on Sundays.
d) Your sister usually does her homework in the evening.
e) This man often comes here.
f) Your brother comes late on Mondays.
g) Those children go to school in the morning.
h) My father sometimes drinks whisky after dinner.
i)
Angela always reads before she goes to bed.
5. Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la forma negativa si la cea interogativa:

a) I am speaking to you now.
b) You open that window.
c) We are going home tomorrow.
d) She speaks slowly today.
e) We are singing happily in the garden.
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f) The wind is blowing.

g) Mother cooks dinner.
h) He is booking a room at the hotel.
i)
I am dancing in the bedroom.
j)
You are asking too many questions.
k) They are visiting Paris next week.

l)
Ana is a good mother.
m) Mary drinks a cup of coffee every morning.

n) We are attending a very important press conference.
o) Our guests are enjoying their vacation.
p) Many tourists come here every summer.
q) We serve dinner at 7 oclock.
r) My boss always agrees with me.
s) I go to bed at 11 oclock in the evening.
t)
Angela is expecting a baby.
u) I am waiting for an answer from my fiancee.

v) Mark does his homework every afternoon.
w) My sister is 10 years old.
x) We like our English teacher very much and she likes us.
y) The tourists are very pleased with the services of our hotel.
z) The restaurant on the corner is famous for its food.
XI. TRECUTUL SIMPLU (The SIMPLE PAST):

11.1 FORMARE:
Afirmativ
I spoke = eu am vorbit
You spoke = tu ai vorbit
Negativ
I did not (didntt)speak = eu nu am vorbit
You did not (didnt) speak = tu nu ai vorbit
Interogativ
Did I speak? = am vorbit eu?
Did you speak? = Ai vorbit tu?
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He spoke = el a vorbit
She spoke = ea a vorbit
It spoke = el, ea a vorbit
We spoke = noi am vorbit
You spoke = voi ati vorbit
They spoke = ei, ele au
vorbit
He did not(didnt)speak = el nu a vorbit

She did not(didnt)speak = ea nu a vorbit
It did not(didnt)speak = el, ea nu a vorbit
We did not(didnt)speak = noi nu am vorbit
You did not (didnt) speak= voi nu ati vorbit
They did not (didnt)speak = ei, ele nu au
vorbit
Did he speak? = A vorbit el?

Did she speak? = A vorbit ea?
Did it speak? = A vorbit el, ea?
Did we speak? = Am vorbit noi?
Did you speak? = Ati vorbit voi?
Did they speak? = Au vorbit ei,
ele?
Trecutul Simplu exprima o actiune trecuta si terminata, care nu are legatura cu momentul prezent sau efect in
prezent.
Observatie:
Din punct de vedere al formarii acestui timp, verbele din limba engleza se impart in doua categorii:
1. verbe regulate care formeaza trecutul prin adaugarea terminatiei ed: Ex. to work worked;
2. verbe neregulate, cu o forma specifica de trecut , ce se gaseste in lista verbelor neregulate, pe a doua
coloana: Ex. To go went - gone
* Verbele terminate in y precedat de consoana, schimba y in i.
** Verbele terminate in e adauga doar d.
11.2 UTILIZARE:
Trecutul Simplu se foloseste:
pentru a exprima o actiune trecuta si terminata , care nu are legatura cu momentul prezent si a carei
perioada de desfasurare nu este precis specificata: Ex. She ate a cake yesterday.
Pentru a exprima actiuni repetate care faceau parte dintr-o obisnuinta trecuta: Ex. He always spoke to me
nicely.
Pentru a exprima o actiune trecuta care nu are relevanta pentru prezent: Ex. He worked for that restaurant
for two years.
Adverbele specifice Trecutului Simplu sunt:
yesterday (ieri)
last + compusi = last week (saptamana trecuta), last month (luna trecuta), last year (anul trecut)
compusi +ago = a month ago (acum o luna), a year ago (acum un an), a week ago (acum o saptamana)
in + year = in 1945 (in anul 1945)
adverbe de frecventa = always (intotdeauna), often (adesea), seldom (rareori), etc

I. Completati spatiile punctate cu was sau were:
a) The waiter .....late yesterday.
b)The children.......tired in the evening.
c) They ......absent on Monday.
d) I .....in the park in the morning.
e) The boys.....early morning.
f) The guests .....hungry last night.
g) You .....ill last week.
h) They .......in front of the gate.
i) They.....at the restaurant last night.
j) She......at the party last Sunday.
II. Treceti propozitiile de mai jos la forma interogativa:
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a) The cat was in the house last night.

b) He was angry because of the situation.
c) They were here in the morning.
d) I was very surprised.
e) Mother was in the garden.
f) The spoon was on the table.
g) The soup was cold.
h) The baby was in the hospital.
i) Ana and Dani were in the classroom.
j) The computer was in the box.
III.Treceti propozitiile de mai jos la forma negativa:
a) Maria was hungry.
b) The boy was very happy.
c) The room was clean.
d) The vegetables were in the bag.
e) The cake was in the oven.
f) The clients were at the table.
IV. Completati spatiile punctate cu forma corecta a verbului din paranteza:
a) Father..........................a big fish last week. (to catch)
b) Ana...........................a cake yesterday morning. (to bake)
c) We ...........................our dog in the forest last week. (to lose)
d) The pupils...........................in the library yesterday. (to meet)
e) My friends ..........................to the cinema last week. (to go)
f) The cook...........................many potatoes. (to buy)
g) You ...........................your new shoes yesterday morning. (to wear)
h) My brother ...........................the dishes. (to wash)
i) The cook...........................a great cake. (to do)
j) We...........................our parents yesterday (to help)
k) Mother ...........................me to wake up. (to forget)
l) An old lady ..............................on the bus. (to get)
m) During the break I ..............a cake and.................a tea. (to eat, to drink)
n) I .........................very tired all day yesterday. (to feel)
o) We .........................lots of photograps last month.(to take)
p) My sister..........................how to cook when she was 10 years old. (to learn)
V. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
a) Am cunoscut-o pe verisoara ta in anul 1985.
b) Ce oras ai vizitat anul trecut?
c) Mihai nu s-a dus la scoala ieri de dimineata.
d) Mama a gatit saptamana trecuta.
e) Noi nu am fost la restaurant acum doua saptamani.
f) Ai venit tarziu aseara acasa?
g) Tata a fost foarte obosit ieri.
h) Mancarea a fost foarte gustoasa.
i) Ospatarul a vorbit in limba engleza.
j) Noi am scris o scrisoare saptamana trecuta.
k) Tom a studiat limba germana la scoala.
l) Am fost foarte mandru de tine aseara.
VI. Formulati intrebari conform modelului:
Model: ...........French? No, he didnt. He spoke English.
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Did he speak French? No, he didnt. He spoke English.

a) .........................................................the bread? No, she didnt. She cut the meat.
b) ........................................................your notebook? No, I didnt.I forgot my textbook.
c) .........................................................the red dress? No, she didnt. She chose the blue dress.
d) .........................................................a film? No, they didnt. They saw a play.
e) .........................................................to Cluj?No, they didnt. They drove to Bucharest.
f) .........................................................a kilo of oranges? No, she didnt.She bought 10 kilos of apples.
g) ........................................................to London? No, they didnt. They flew to Paris.
h) .........................................................win the game? No, you didnt. You won the set.
VII. Completati spatiile puctate cu forma de trecut simplu a verbelor din paranteza:
a) Last year we....... (to visit) a modern factory where they make window glass.
b) We .....the cook mixing the ingredients in the right amounts.
c) The waiter ......the drinks to the clients. (serve)
d) Mary......(to wear) a beautiful dress at the party.
e) The students.......(to go) on a trip together.
f) The gentleman......(to invite) the lady inside.
g) The manager of the hotel......(to spend) the holidays in Greece.
h) Tom .....(to sing) a beautiful song yesterday at school.
i) Angela ....(to watch) two movies last night.
j) My friend ......(to come) from Germany a month ago.
XII. TRECUTUL CONTINUU (PAST CONTINUOUS)

12.1 FORMARE:
Afirmativ
I was speaking = eu vorbeam
Negativ
I was not (wasnt)speaking = eu nu vorbeam
Interogativ
Was I speaking? = vorbeam eu?
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You were speaking = tu

vorbeai
He was speaking = el vorbea
She was speaking = ea vorbea
It was speaking = el, ea
vorbea
We were speaking = noi
vorbeam
You were speaking = voi
vorbeati
They were speaking = ei, ele
vorbeau
You were not (werent) speaking = tu nu

vorbeai
He was not(wasnt)speaking = el nu vorbea
She was not(wasnt)speaking = ea nu
vorbea
It was not(wasnt)speaking = el, ea nu
vorbea
We were not(werent)speaking = noi nu
vorbeam
You were not (werent) speaking = voi nu
vorbeati
They were not (werent)speaking = ei, ele
nu vorbeau
Were you speaking? = vorbeai tu?

Was he speaking? = vorbea el?
Was she speaking ? = vorbea ea?
Was it speaking? = vorbea el, ea?
Were we speaking? = vorbeam
noi?
Were you speaking? = vorbeati
voi?
Were they speaking? = vorbeau
ei, ele?
Trecutul continuu exprima o actiune trecuta si terminata, care nu are legatura sau efect in momentul prezent
si care se afla in proces de desfasurare la un anumit moment din trecut.
Observatie
In limba engleza, aspectul continuu al oricarui timp se formeaza cu ajutorul verbului auxiliar to be la forma de
trecut la care se adauga verbul de conjugat cu terminatia ing.
12.2 UTILIZARE:
Trecutul continuu se foloseste:
a exprima o actiune aflata in desfasurare intr-un moment din trecut: They were reading a novel on this
time yesterday.
a exprima o actiune aflata in desfasurare intr-un moment din trecut, intrerupta de o alta actiune: Mother
was cooking when I came home.
a exprima doua actiuni aflate in plina desfasurare simultan: Tom was singing while father was watching
T.V.
a exprima actiuni repetate fata de care exista o atitudine de dezaprobare: My sister was always asking me
silly questions.
Adverbele specifice Trecutului Continuu sunt:
at/on this time + compusi = at this time yesterday (ieri pe vremea asta); at this time last week
(saptamana trecuta pe vremea asta); at this time last year (anul trecut pe vremea asta); etc.
at five oclock yesterday (ieri la ora 5);
from 10 to 14 oclock yesterday (ieri de la ora 10 la ora 14).

I. Completati spatiile punctate cu was sau were:
a) I .....cooking at 8 oclock.
b) The children .....drinking milk at this time yesterday.
c) You.......writing an exercise at this time yesterday.
d) We.......swimming in the sea at this time last summer.
e) You .....working hard at 11 oclock.
f) Mother ....buying bread from the store at this time last week.
g) The carpenter .....working on a new shelf yesterday from 10 oclock to 12 oclock.
h) The boys .....watching television at dinner time.
i) I ....shopping at this time yesterday.
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II. Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la forma de trecut continuu:

a) I am making a cake now.
b) You are doing an exercise now.
c) You are eating an icecream now.
d) It is snowing now.
e) The children are making a snowman.
f) Mother is cleaning the room now.
g) The wind is blowing now.
h) Julia is painting the eggs for Christmas.
i) Paul is opening the door now.
j) We are buying fresh fruit.
III. Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la forma de negativ si interogativ a trecutului continuu:
a) The clients were waiting outside the restaurant.
b) The girl was coming home from school.
c) Mother was shopping at the Mall.
d) You were listening to a C.D.
e) The manager was leaving his office at this time yesterday.
f) The baby was crying in his room.
g) The children were speaking English.
h) The receptionist was speaking on the phone.
i) The dog was barking in the garden.
j) The tourists were walking in the park.
IV. Traduceti in limba romana:
a) Ana was cooking at six oclock yesterday morning.
b) Mother was sleeping in my room when I came home last night.
c) My neighbours were planting trees on this time yesterday.
d) The wind was blowing very hard last night.
e) I was watching a movie when my parents called me.
f) He was staying in a hotel in the centre of the town.
g) When I left the police station, my wife was still talking to a policeman.
h) My uncle was reading the newspaper when the bell rang.
i) I was going to school yesterday when I saw a house on fire.
j) The girl was sleeping when the accident happened.
PAST SIMPLE and PAST CONTINUOUS

I. Treceti la Past Tense urmatoarele propozitii, tinand cont daca este forma simpla sau
continua:
a) My sister has a great job.
b) My friends arent coming for dinner.
c) These girls buy a dress whenever they want to.
d) My neighbours are looking for a new house.
e) Our Chief Inspector thinks that the signed report is incomplete.
f) I like to visit my brother at the end of the week.
g) He is going to the restaurant right now.
h) We visit the museum twice a year.
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II. Puneti verbele din paranteza la timpul cerut de context:

a) I (to go) to school yesterday when I (to see) my mother in a store.
b) He (to meet) her when she (to cross) the bridge.
c) She (to play) while others (to work).
d) What she (to wear) when you (to see) her?
e) Mike (to read) a letter when father (to open) the door of the room.
f) The little girl (to call) for her mother when I (to enter) the room.
g) The waiter (to serve) the food while the clients (to eat).
h) The policeman (to catch) the thief in the house.
i) My sister (to kiss) her son every morning.
j) I (to see) you yesterday morning at the bank.
III. Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii:
a) Noi inca serveam cina cand tata a venit acasa.
b) Copiii traversau strade cand politistul i-a oprit.
c) Am vazut un accident cumplit cand o asteptam pe Ana.
d) Mama gatea in timp ce eu imi faceam temele.
e) Doamnele vorbeau despre copiii lor cand le-am intrerupt.
f) Muncitorii reparau casa anul trecut pe vremea asta.
g) Am strigat-o pe Anca in timp ce ea privea la o vitrina.
h) Paul se plimba pe peron cand trenul a venit.
i) Tata lucra in gradina cand a inceput sa ploua.
j) Casa ardea cand am iesit afara.
XIII. VIITORUL (The FUTURE)

13.1 FORMARE:
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Afirmativ
I shall speak = eu voi vorbi
You will speak = tu vei vorbi
He will speak = el va vorbi
She will speak = ea va vorbi
It will speaking = el, ea va
vorbi
We shall speak = noi vom
vorbi
You will speak = voi veti vorbi
They will speak = ei, ele vor
vorbi
Negativ
Interogativ
I shall not (shant)speak = eu nu voi vorbi

You will not (wont) speak = tu nu vei vorbi
He will not(wont)speak= el nu va vorbi
She will not(wont)speak = ea nu va vorbi
It will not(wont)speak = el, ea nu va vorbi
We shall not(shant)speak = noi nu vom vorbi
You will not (wont) speak = voi nu veti vorbi
They will not (wont)speak = ei, ele nu vor
vorbi
Shall I speak? = voi vorbi eu?

Will you speak? = vei vorbi tu?
Will he speak? = va vorbi el?
Will she speak ? = va vorbi ea?
Will it speak? = va vorbi el, ea?
Shall we speak? = vom vorbi noi?
Will you speak? = veti vorbi voi?
Will they speak? = vor vorbi ei,
ele?
Viitorul desemneaza un eveniment (o actiune) viitoare care nu are limite de desfasurare precis specificate.
Se formeaza cu shall si will si infinitivul scurt al verbului de conjugat.
13.2 UTILIZARE
Timpul viitor se foloseste pentru a exprima o actiune viitoare ale carei limite de desfasurare nu sunt precis
specificate: I shall call him up tomorrow. (Il voi suna maine).
Adverbele specifice timpului viitor sunt:
tomorrow (maine);
tonight (diseara);
next + compusi = next week (saptamana viitoare); next year (anul viitor)
Alte modalitati de exprimare a viitorului:
to be going to (a avea de gand sa) pentru a exprima o intentie viitoare, un plan sau o decizie;
Ex: Dan is going to become a doctor.
to be to (a urma sa) pentru a exprima aranjamente viitoare;
Ex: He is to be fired.

I. Completati spatiile punctate cu shall sau will:
a) He......play tennis tomorrow.
b) We .....see a good film next week.
c) You ......understand this soon.
d) They.....build a new hotel next summer.
e) The children .....eat icecream at the party.
f) You.....go on a trip next month.
g) We ....ask them a lot of questions.
h) I....give her a good book to read.
i) It.....rain in the afternoon.
j) I .....talk to them on Sunday.
II. Folositi timpul viitor in urmatoarele propozitii, dupa model:

Model: I think it (to rain) soon.
I think it will rain soon.
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a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
It seems to me you (not to enjoy) the party.

Personally I think the speech (to be) boring.
I guess he (to make) a political career.
Sure thing they (to change) for the better.
I think you (to recognize) some of the people here.
In my opinion she (to do) business with a film producer.
I believe she (to be) a great mother.
We are sure that this car (not to fit) in your garage.
I hope the story (to end) happily.
III. Folositi to be going to pentru a exprima o intentie viitoare, un plan sau o decizie:
Model: We (to stay) in a hotel.
We are going to stay in a hotel.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
Alex (to study) astronomy as her major subject.

I (to take) a lot of courses next year.
This piano player (to play) Mozart.
We (to take) a walk in the park after dinner.
Our school (to organize) evening classes for elder students.
Mary (to watch) her diet more carefully.
He (to become) a doctor.
She (to live) in a small cottage near Bucharest.
She (to give) you a lift to the station.
IV. Vorbiti despre aranjamente viitoare folosind to be to:

Model: He/ arrive/on Sunday
He is to arrive on Sunday.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
He/ open / the shop next month.

We/ stay / in the country for a week.
He/ spend / a couple of days with some friends.
He/ be / back about noon.
She/ be / fired.
We/ get / a salary raise.
He/ leave / her for ever.
They / rush /inside. It will rain.
The plane / land / at 5 oclock.
V. Treceti verbul din paranteza la timpul viitor:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
We (to go) to the Danube Delta next summer.

Mary (to wear) her new dress at the party.
I (to go) home after school.
The Smiths (to come) later for dinner.
I (to take) the dog for a walk in the evening.
Father (to stay) at home on Sunday.
We (to buy) a new fridge next month.
The children (to do) their homework after dinner.
I (to go) to the post-office this afternoon.
Sandra (study) Economics next year.
VI. Folositi timpul viitor si surely, probably dupa model:

Model: I go to school every day. I
I shall surely go to school tomorrow.
Peter goes swimming every Sunday. He
65
He will probably go swimming next Sunday.

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
The boys go fishing every Sunday. They

I wait for the bus every morning. I
Those girls play in the garden every day. They
Mother drinks a cup of coffee every morning. She
Kate types letters every day. She
Grandpa reads his newspaper every afternoon. He
We have a meeting every month. We
Ann buys a womens magazine every Saturday. She
Tom waits for his wife in front of her office every day at 5. He
We do our homework every evening before we go to bed. We
VII. Treceti propozitiile urmatoare la viitor, folosind si forma negativa, dupa model:
Model: They visit their friends (cousins).
They will visit their friends but they will not (wont) visit their cousins.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
I drink tea (coffee).

Tom catches the last train (the last bus).
I am at home tonight (tomorrow evening).
Mr. Green travels by train (by plane).
The children play football (volleyball).
We invite Helen for breakfast (Alice).
Tom listens to the concert (the conference).
I have new shoes (a new dress).
Grandma reads the children a story (poems).
The tourists visit the Art Museum (the History Museum).
VIII. Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la interogativ:

a) He will leave tomorrow.
b) We shall open all the windows.
c) You will think about this.
d) The dog will run after the cat.
e) I shall sing that song again.
f) You will paint another portrait.
g) They will build a new house.
h) We shall meet the manager.
i) I shall write many letters to my friends.
j) You will cook for my birthday party.
XIV. VERBE MODALE (MODAL VERBS)

14.1. CARACTERISTICI GENERALE
Nu contin particula TO la forma de infinitiv;
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Sunt urmate de verb la forma de infinitiv scurt (fara particula TO): Ex: I can sing (Eu pot canta);
I must stay (Eu trebuie sa raman); I may leave (Eu pot pleca/am permisiunea sa plec);
Formeaza negativul adaugand negatia not Ex: can + not = cannot
Formeaza interogativul prin inversiune Ex: May I smoke here?
Nu primesc -s / -es la persoana a III-a singular Ex: he must, she can, it may, etc.
Nu au forma decat pentru prezentul simplu.
Acest lucru inseamna ca, pentru a putea exprima aceste verbe in toate celelalte timpuri, avem nevoie de niste
constructii ajutatoare, perfect sinonime in inteles, care sa ne permita utilizarea lor in timpul si la forma
dorita: Aceste constructii le regasim in cele ce urmeaza:
CAN are ca expresie echivalenta: to be able to
MAY are ca expresie echivalenta: to be allowed to
MUST are ca expresie echivalenta to have to
14.2. CAN
1. Exprima permisiunea (INFORMAL)
Ex. You can take my car for a ride. (Poti lua masina mea pentru a te plimba)
DAR: recomandare puternica in: You can forget about your holiday! (Poti sa-ti iei adio de la vacanta!)
It is not allowed to smoke here. (Nu este permis fumatul aici)- alta autoritate da permisiunea sau nu
2. Exprima posibilitatea atunci cand circumstantele o permit:
Ex. You can bathe here because the river is not polluted. (Te poti / va puteti scalda aici, deoarece raul nu este
poluat)
3. Exprima abilitatea fizica sau psihica:
Ex. I can speak English. (Pot vorbi limba engleza)
I can play the piano. (Pot canta la pian)
4. Pentru cerinte ( nu pe deplin politicoase):

Ex. Can I park my car in front of your house? (Imi pot parca masina in fata casei Dumneavoastra?)
Can I borrow your dictionary? (Pot imprumuta dictionarul tau?)
5. Pentru a exprima imposibilitatea sau neincrederea:
Ex. Can Jane make such a mistake? (Este posibil ca Jane sa faca o astfel de greseala?)
It is only 7 oclock; they cannot be at work at this hour. (Este doar ora 7, ei nu pot fi la serviciu la ora
aceasta)
14.3. COULD
1. Pentru a exprima la trecut abilitati fizice sau mentale:
Ex. When she was young, she could skate very well. (Cand era tanara, putea sa patineze foarte bine)
In acest caz, could poate fi si el considerat sinonimul constructiei to be able to:
Ex. She knew Paris well, so she could / was able to advise us what to visit.
I dont know why Andrew could not / was not able to finish that exercise.
2. Pentru a exprima Conditionalul Prezent:
Ex. You could get there on time if you took a taxi. (Puteai sa ajungi acolo la timp, daca luai un taxi)
We could speak English well if we did our homework. (Noi am putea vorbi limba engleza bine, daca neam face temele)
67
3. Pentru a exprima o cerinta politicoasa: acest gen de cerinta este chiar si mai politicoasa decat cu ajutorul
verbului can.
Ex. Could you show us the way to the railway station? (Ati putea sa imi aratati drumul catre gara?)
Could you answer me a few questions about your boss? (Ati putea sa imi raspundeti la cateva intrebari
despre seful dumneavoastra?)
14.4. MAY
1. Pentru a exprima permisiunea:
Ex. May I open the window? (Pot deschide fereastra?)
- Yes, you may. / No, you may not. (Da, poti. Nu, nu poti.)
2. Pentru a exprima posibilitatea:
Ex. You may know her. (Este posibil / se poate sa o cunosti)
It may rain this morning. (Este probabil sa ploua in aceasta dimineata) - It is possible, maybe, perhaps
3. Pentru a exprima o interdictie (anunturile oficiale):
Ex. Candidates may not bring dictionaries in the examination room. (Candidatii nu pot aduce dictionare in
sala de examen)
4. Pentru a exprima o urare:
Ex. May all your wishes come true! (Fie ca toate dorintele tale /voastre sa se implineasca!)
18.5. MIGHT
1. Exprima posibilitatea, mai vaga (incerta) decat cea exprimata prin may:
Ex. Your cousin might be in the garden now. (Poate ca varul tau este in gradina.)
2. Exprima conditionalul:
Ex. If you speak English, you might get that job. (Daca vorbesti limba engleza, poti/ ai o sansa sa obtii
slujba aceea nu este nimic garantat!)
3. Exprima indignarea, iritarea, sau reprosul:
Ex. You might look at me when I am talking to you! (Ai putea macar sa te uiti la mine cand iti vorbesc!)
She might come. She has nothing better to do. (Ar putea sa vina. Nu are oricum ceva mai bun de facut!)
4. Exprima nesiguranta:
Ex. I wonder who that tall man might be. (Ma intreb cine ar putea fi acel barbat inalt)
EXPRESIE: Try as I might, I cannot learn French. (Oricat as incerca, nu pot invata limba franceza)
14.6. MUST
1. Exprima obligatia impusa de vorbitor:
Ex. I must go to my room now. (Trebuie sa ma duc in camera mea acum)
DAR: daca obligatia vine din exterior, de la o autoritate pe care vorbitorul nu o poate controla, se
foloseste TO HAVE TO:
Ex. I have to tell my daughter a story whenever she wants me to. (Trebuie/ sunt nevoit sa-i spun fiicei mele o
poveste ori de cate ori imi cere acest lucru)
I really have to go now. There is a meeting at the office. (Chiar trebuie/ sunt nevoit sa plec acum. Este o
sedinta la birou)
2. La negativ (must not) exprima o actiune interzisa:
Ex. Cars must not park in front of banks! (Masinile nu pot fi parcate in fata bancilor!)
3. Exprima deductia, o concluzie logica, probabilitatea:
Ex. If she left at 7, she must be at the airport now. (Daca ea a plecat la ora 7, trebuie sa fie la aeroport acum)
It is very cold; it must have snowed in the mountains.
She must be at school now.
NEED: - to need = verb de sine statator (a avea nevoie)
68
need (verb auxiliar modal) = to have to

Ex. I need an umbrella (Am nevoie de o umbrela)
DAR: Need I go there? (Trebuie sa merg acolo?)
Observatie:
MUST = actiune ocazionala, neprevazuta:
Ex. I must be at the office at 9. It is very important.
(Trebuie sa fiu la birou la ora 9. Este foarte important)
HAVE TO = actiune repetata:
Ex. I have to be at the office at 7. - every morning / usually / regularly
(Trebuie sa fiu la birou la ora 7- in fiecare dimineata, de obicei, cu regularitate)

1. Completati spatiile punctate cu forma corespunzatoare a verbului modal, sau cu expresia ce ii poate
tine locul:
CAN (ability, permission, request) / TO BE ABLE TO
1. The boy not eat the sweets because they are on the top shelf.
2. The singer not sing tomorrow because he has a cold.
3. I . stay in bed till 10 because I have nothing to do.
4. You .. recognize her; she has blond hair and blue eyes.
5. I .. smell something burning in the kitchen.
6. He .. speak English fluently.
7. Mary play the piano.
8. We . see those birds in the trees.
9. I .. come later if you are busy now.
10. You . go now. There is nothing to do here.
11. . you lend me your dictionary, please? I do not have mine here.
MAY (permission, possibility) / TO BE ALLOWED TO
1. You .. open the window. It is cold.
2. Kate .. come and go when she likes.
3. We .. swim in the lake today.
4. Children .. not drink alcohol.
5. You . not come in at this hour. You are too late.
6. They .. bring their friends at the party.
7. Our children .. not play football in the street.
8. You not eat ice cream before lunch.
9. Your brother .. talk to the director now. He is expecting him.
10. We .play on the computer, but only for 2 hours.
11. She . not stay up late, because she has school early in the morning.
69
MUST (obligation, probability) / TO HAVE TO

1. You stop at the red color of the traffic light.
2. We .. not leave the scene of the accident.
3. They buy this book. They need it.
4. I take out the trash every day.
5. We . work hard to get good grades.
6. They . come here today.
7. Some people . work all day long.
8. You . learn how to swim if you want to go to the seaside.
9. It is very late. We . go home.
10. On Sundays we .. not get up early. We can sleep all we want.
11. You . never do this again; never lie to your parents.
1. Pot sa deschid usa? Vreau sa vad cine intra.
2. Poti sa-mi dai masina ta saptamana asta? Am nevoie de ea.
3. Pot sa inchid fereastra? Este frig.
4. Putem sa mergem la lac? Vrem sa inotam.
5. Poate ea sa vina sa se joace, sau e ocupata?
6. Pot ei sa faca un tort?
7. Pot sa va ofer ceva de baut?
8. Poate o fetita sa bea alcool?
9. Poti veni cu mine acum, sau esti la lucru?
10. Trebuie acest copil sa se duca la scoala?
11. Trebuie ca noi toti sa venim la ora 12?
12. Tu nu ai voie sa vorbesti cu colegii tai astfel.
3. Treceti la negativ si interogativ urmatoarele propozitii:

1. He could swim. He will be able to swim.
2. I had to go. I will have to go.
3. You were allowed/ permitted to leave. You will be allowed/ permitted to leave.
4. She could lend him the money. She will be able to lend him the money.
5. The child was allowed/ permitted to have a dog. The child will be allowed/ permitted to have a dog.
6. You were allowed/ permitted to smoke. You will be allowed/ permitted to smoke.
7. I could translate that text. I will be able to translate that text.
8. You could help me. You will be able to help me.
9. You had to do this. You will have to do this.
10. I was allowed/ permitted to eat ice-cream. I will be allowed/ permitted to eat ice-cream.
70
11. He was allowed/ permitted to come to the party. He will be allowed/ permitted to come to the party.
12. I had to learn the entire poem. I will have to learn the entire poem.
13. You were allowed/ permitted to speak at the conference. You will be allowed/ permitted to speak at the
conference.
14. I had to look for my glasses. I will have to look for my glasses.
15. She could play the piano. She will be able to play the piano.
16. Jane could type fast. Jane will be able to type fast.
17. He could speak Russian. He will be able to speak Russian.
18. Everybody was allowed/ permitted to borrow the car. Everybody will be allowed/ permitted to borrow the
car.
19. You had to be at the office at 7. You will have to be at the office at 7.
20. He could read and write easily in English. She will be able to read and write easily in English.
4. Treceti la interogativ si negativ si explicati sensul verbului:

l. He must think. 2. He must be older. 3. You must take your umbrella. 4. She must be a very good doctor.
5. It must take a long time to finish the exam. 6. He must come home before midnight. 7. This must be the
best product. 8. She must be at the airport by now. 9. He must answer all the managers questions. 10. You
must tell me the truth.
5. Alegeti varianta potrivita si explicati alegerea facuta:

1. She may/might be very late. 2. It may/might be a good lie. 3. It may/might rain. 4. I may/might come
home tomorrow. 5. She may/might be angry with you. 6. A good knowledge of English may/might help you.
7. He may/might be right about her. 8. He may/might call the police. 9. She may/might return the books. 10.
She may/might have been out of the office.
TABEL VERBE NEREGULATE

Infinitive
scurt(I)
Past Tense(II)
Past Perfect(III)-participiu trecut
Traducerea verbului
71
abided
abide
abided
a rabda, a locui
arisen
a se ridica
awoked
a (se) trezi
Been
borne
a fi
abode
arise
arose
awoke
awake
awaked
be
was/were
bear
bore
a purta, a da nastere
born
beat
beat
beaten
a bate
become
became
become
a deveni
begin
began
begun
a incepe
bend
bent
bet
Bent
bet
a (se) ndoi
betted
bid
betted
bid
bade
bidden
bet
a paria
bid
a ruga, a adresa (un salut, o

invitatie)
a porunci
bind
bound
bound
a lega
bite
bit
bitten
a musca
bleed
bled
blessed
Bled
blessed
a sangera
blest
blest
blow
blew
blown
a sufla, a bate
break
broke
broken
a (se) sparge
breed
bred
bred
a creste, a educa
bring
brought
brought
a aduce
broadcast
broadcast
broacast
a emite (radio,tv)
build
built
built
a construi
bless
a binecuvanta
72
burnt
burnt
burned
burned
burst
burst
burst
a izbucni, a navali, a crapa
buy
bought
bought
a cumpara
cast
cast
cast
a arunca
catch
caught
caught
a prinde
choose
chose
chosen
a alege
cling
clung
clung
a se agata
come
came
come
a veni
cost
cost
cost
a costa
creep
crept
crept
a se tari, a se furisa
cut
cut
cut
a taia
deal
dealt
dealt
a trata, a se ocupa de
dig
dug
dived
dug
dived
a sapa
a (se) scufunda, a plonja
burn
a arde
dive
dove(en.am)
do
did
done
a face
draw
drew
dreamed
drawn
dreamed
a trage, a desena
dreamt
dreamt
drink
drank
drunk
a bea
drive
drove
dwelt
driven
dwelt
a mana, a sofa
dwelled
dwelled
eat
ate
eaten
a manca
fall
fell
fallen
a cadea
dream
a visa
dwell
a locui
73
feed
fed
fed
a hrani
fell
felt
felt
a (se) simti
fight
fought
fought
a (se) lupta
find
found
found
a gasi
flee
fled
fled
a fugi
fling
flung
flung
a arunca
fly
flew
forbade
flown
forbidden
a zbura
forbad
forbid
forecast
forecast
forecast
a prevedea
foresee
foresaw
foreseen
a prezice
forget
forgot
forgotten
a uita
forgive
forgave
forgiven
a ierta
freeze
froze
frozen
got
a inghea
get
got
forbid
a interzice
a primi, a obtine
gotten(en.am)
give
gave
given
a da
go
went
gone
a merge
grind
ground
ground
a macina
grow
grew
hung
grown
hung
a creste
a atarna
hanged
hanged
a spanzura
have
had
had
a avea
hear
heard
heard
a auzi
hide
hid
hidden
a (se) ascunde
hit
hit
hit
a lovi
hang
74
hold
held
held
a tine
hurt
hurt
hurt
a lovi, a rani, a durea
keep
kept
knelt
kept
knelt
a tine, a pastra
kneeled
knitted
kneeled(en.am)
knitted
knit
knit
know
knew
known
a sti, a cunoate
lay
laid
laid
a pune, a aseza
lead
led
leant
led
leant
a conduce
leaned
leapt
leaned
leapt
leaped
learned
leaped
learned
learnt
learnt
leave
left
left
a pleca, a lasa
lend
lent
lent
a da cu imprumut
let
let
let
a lasa, a permite
lie
lay
lain
a sta intins, a se afla
lit
lit
lighted
lighted
lose
lost
lost
a pierde
make
made
made
a face
mean
meant
meant
a insemna
meet
met
met
a (se) intalni
mislead
misled
misled
a induce in eroare
kneel
a ingenunchia
knit
a tricota
lean
a (se) apleca, a (se) sprijini
leap
a sari
learn
a invata
light
a aprinde
75
mistake
mistook
mow
mowed
mistaken
mown
a se confunda
a cosi
mowed
overcome
overcame
overcome
a depasi
pay
paid
paid
proved
a plati
a dovedi
prove
proved
proven(en.am)
put
put
put
a pune
read
read
read
a citi
rend
rent
rid
rent
rid
a rupe, a sfasia
a se descotorosi de
ridded
ridded
ride
rode
ridden
a calari, a merge cu (bicicleta,

sania)
ring
rang
rung
a suna
rise
rose
risen
a rasari, a se ridica
run
ran
run
sawn
a fugi
saw
sawed
rid
a taia cu fierastraul
sawed
say
said
said
a spune
see
saw
seen
a vedea
seek
sought
sought
a cauta
sell
sold
sold
a vinde
send
sent
sent
a trimite
set
set
set
sown
a potrivi, a monta, a fixa, a apune
sew
sewed
a coase
sewewd
shake
shook
shaken
a scutura, a tremura
76
shorn
shear
sheared
a tunde, a taia (blana)

sheared
shed
shed
shone
shed
shone
shined
shined
shoe
shod
shod
a potcovi
shoot
shot
shot
shown
a trage, a impusca, a filma
show
showed
shine
a varsa (lacrimi, sange)

a straluci
a arata
showed
shrank
shrink
shrunk
a intra la apa, a se strange
shrunk
shut
shut
shut
a inchide
sing
sang
sank
sung
a canta
sunk
a (se) scufunda
sink
sunk
sit
sat
sat
a sedea
slay
slew
slain
a ucide
sleep
slept
slept
a dormi
slide
slid
slid
a aluneca
sling
slung
slung
a arunca
slit
slit
smelt
slit
smelt
a despica
smelled
smelled (en.am)
sown
smell
sow
a mirosi
sowed
a semana
sowed
speak
spoke
sped
spoken
sped
speeded
spelt
speeded
spelt
speed
a vorbi
a accelera
a ortografia
spell
77
spend
spelled
spelled (en.am)
spent
spilt
spent
spilt
spilled
spun
spilled (en.am)
spill
a varsa (lapte)
spin
spun
span
spat
a scuipa
spit
spit (en.am)
split
spoiled
split
spoiled
spoilt
spoilt
spread
sprang
spread
a (se) raspandi
sprung
a izvori, a (ra)sari
spoil
spread
a toarce
spat
spit
split
a cheltui, a petrece un timp
a despica
a rasfata, a strica
spring
sprung(en.am)
stand
stood
stood
a sta in picioare
steal
stole
stolen
a fura
stick
stuck
stuck
a (se) lipi, a infige
sting
stung
stank
stung
a intepa
stunk
a mirosi urat
stink
stunk
stride
strode
stridden
a merge cu pasi mari
strike
struck
struck
a lovi
string
strung
strove
strung
striven
a insira
strived
strived
swear
swore
sworn
a jura, a injura
sweep
swept
swept
swollen
a matura
swell
swelled
strive
a se stradui, a nazui
a se umfla
swelled
78
swim
swam
swum
a inota
swing
swung
swung
a (se) legana
take
took
taken
a lua
teach
taught
taught
a preda, a invata (pe cineva)
tear
tore
torn
a rupe, a sfasia
tell
told
told
a spune, a povesti
think
thought
thrived
thought
a (se) gandi
thrived
a prospera
thrive
throve
throw
threw
thrown
a arunca
thrust
thrust
thrust
trodden
a infinge
tread
trod
a calca, a pasi
trod
undergo
underwent
undergone
a suferi (schimbari)
understand
understood
understood
a intelege
undertake
undertook
woke
undertaken
woken
a intreprinde
waked
waked
wear
wore
worn
a purta
weave
wove
wedded
woven
wedded
a tese
wed
wed
wept
wetted
wept
wetted
wet
wet
win
won
won
a castiga
wind
wound
wound
a rasuci, a serpui
wake
a (se) trezi
wed
weep
a se cununa
wet
a plange
a (se) uda
79
withdraw
withdrew
withdrawn
a (se) retrage
FORMULE DE ADRESARE
1. Formule de salut:
-
Good morning! (Buna dimineata!)
Good afternoon! (Buna ziua!)
Good evening! (Buna seara!)
Hi! (Buna!) - informal
Hello! (Buna!) - informal
How are you? (Ce mai faci?)
How are things? (Cum merg lucrurile?)
How are you doing? (Ce faci acum?)
Raspunsuri posibile:
-
Fine, thank you. (Bine, multumesc!)
Everything is alright. (Toate bune!)
Just great. (Numai bine.); not bad (Nu rau).
2. Formule de despartire:
-
Good-bye! (La revedere! / Adio!)
Bye-bye! (Pa-pa!)
See you soon/later/tomorrow/on Sunday! (Ne vedem curand/ mai tarziu /maine /Duminica!)
See you! (Ne mai vedem!)
So long! (Cu bine!)
Take care! (Ai grija de tine!)
Good night! (Noapte buna!)
Lets meet again some day! (Hai sa ne intalnim din nou intr-o zi!)
-
Yes, I hope so. Bye! (Sper ca da, pa!)
Yes, I hope we meet again some time! (Sper ca ne vom revedea candva!)
I would like that very much! (Mi-ar placea foarte mult!)
80
3. Cum introducem o persoana:

-
May I introduce (Pot sa va prezint pe )
Id like you to meet (As dori sa cunoasteti pe )
This is (Aceasta / acesta este ) - informal si nu pe deplin politicos
(la plecare): Hope to see you again! (Sper sa ne mai vedem!)
-
How do you do! se foloseste ori de cate ori cunoastem o persoana.

Nice / glad to meet you! (Incantat sa va intalnesc / sa va cunosc!)
4. Fraze de legatura intr-o conversatie:

-
Oh! How interesting! (Ce interesant!)
What about you? (Dar tu?)
Im glad to hear that! (Ma bucur sa aud asta!)
Im looking forward to it! (Abia astept!)
Its hard to believe! (Este greu de crezut!)
I guess so! (Cred ca da!)
Indeed/ really?! (Chiar / intr-adevar?!)
No kidding?! (Nu glumesti?!)
You dont say! (Nu mai spune!)
Quite so! (Chiar asa!)
5. Cum se incheie o conversatie:

-
Will you excuse me, please. I have to go now. (Ma scuzati va rog. Trebuie sa plec acum.)
If you dont mind I really have to be going. (Daca nu va deranjeaza, eu chiar trebuie sa plec.)
It was nice meeting you / It was nice to see you. (Mi-a facut plecere sa va cunosc / sa va intalnesc.)
Well, see you later/ talk to you later/ so long. (Pai, ne vedem mai tarziu / Vorbim mai tarziu / Pe curand.)
Take care! (Ai grija!)
Say Hi to for me. (Saluta-l / salut-o pe din partea mea.)
Come and see us sometimes. (Vino san e vezi candva.)
Give my love to . (Transmitet-i dragostea mea / toate cele bune (cuiva))
Have a nice day! (Sa ai o zi buna!)
81

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CAMERA DE COMERT SI INDUSTRIE VALCEA

Manual de limba engleza

LUMINEA MARIA MAGDALENA

6.2.2. Adverbe de loc si directie.....37

Tabel verbe neregulate.71

I. ARTICOLUL (The ARTICLE)

1.2. ARTICOLUL NEHOTARAT:

In ceea ce priveste articolul nehotarat, il putem intalni si in urmatoarele constructii:

1.3. ATRICOLUL ZERO - cand nu folosim articol:

1.4. Aplicatii practice:

No, I am on diet. I want to lose weight.

6. Mr. Smith is old customer and honest man.

7. After good sleep I can go to work.

Yes, clock in hall shows 9. Then it isnt time to go.

13. He was sent to prison for six months for shop-lifting.

40. I decided to stay in bed yesterday.

II. SUBSTANTIVUL (The NOUN)

2.2. NUMARUL SUBSTANTIVELOR:

selves, thief thieves, wife wives, etc

Substantivele cu terminatia th primesc s la plural: death deaths, mounth months, etc.

2.3. GENUL SUBSTANTIVELOR :

2.4 Aplicatii practice:

I. Treceti substantivele scrise inclinat la plural:

II. Treceti urmatoarele substantive la singular:

These men are good doctors.

III. Schimbati substantivele masculine in substantive feminine:

Our grandson is a student.

IV. Schimbati substantivele feminine din textul urmator in substantive masculine:

Mother got up early yesterday morning.

VI. Traduceti in limba engleza :

ADJECTIVUL (The ADJECTIVE)

3.1. POZITIA ADJECTIVULUI:

3.2. FUNCTIILE ADJECTIVULUI:

3.3. ORDINEA ADJECTIVELOR:

3.4. GRADELE DE COMPARATIE ALE ADJECTIVELOR:

Pentru adjectivele formate din doua silabe vom utiliza terminatiile:

happier / more happy

happiest / the most happy

tenderer / more tender

tenderest / the most tender

yellower / more yellow

yellowest / the most yellow

more comfortable (than)

more careless (than)

more interesting (than)

3.5. COMPARATIA ADJECTIVELOR:

3.6. Aplicatii practice:

Traduceti in limba engleza:

Fratele meu este mai inalt decat sora ei.

Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la comparativ de superioritate si apoi la superlativ, dupa model:

These people are young/ the people you know.

Dati exemple de propozitii in care sa se intalneasca termenii:

c) good / the best

Completati spatiile punctuate cu forma de superlativ:

This house is very old. It is house in my village.

Completati spatiile punctate cu gradul de comparatie corespunzator:

Bucharest is (far) from Madrid than Paris is.

6. Alcatuiti propozitii folosindu-va de urmatoarele cuvinte, utilizand adjectivele la gradul de

Completati spatiile punctate cu much sau many, in functie de context:

a) We have .. friends here.

Alegeti varianta corecta din paranteze:

There arent (many/much) . problems in our department.

Asezati adjectivele urmatoare in ordinea corespunzatoare:

a coat (long; leather; brown): ..