Raport2012 Fina1l PDF

CpDOM
CENTRUL PENTRU DREPTURILE OMULUI
DIN MOLDOVA
Centrul pentru Drepturile Omului din Moldova
RAPORT
privind respectarea drepturilor omului
n Republica Moldova n anul 2012
Chiinu 2013
CENTRUL PENTRU DREPTURILE OMULUI
DIN MOLDOVA
Str. Sfatul rii, 16

MD-2012, Chiinu, Republica Moldova
Tel.: (+373 022) 23 48 00
Fax: (+373 022) 22 54 42
Web: www.ombudsman.md
E-mail: cpdom@mdl.net
Se distribuie gratuit
CUPRINS
CAPITOLUL I
Respectarea drepturilor omului n Republica Moldova
1. Asigurarea egalitii de anse i nondiscriminarea 7
2. Accesul liber la justiie 16
3. Dreptul de vot i dreptul de a fi ales 21
4. Libertatea de ntrunire i asociere 23
5. Libertatea de gndire, contiin i religie 26
6. Dreptul la ocrotirea sntii 28
7. Respectarea dreptului la munc i la protecia muncii 35
8. Dreptul la asisten i protecie social 39
9. Protecia persoanelor cu dizabiliti 45
10. Dreptul la un mediu nconjurtor sntos 53
11. Dreptul la proprietate privat i la protecia acesteia 56
12. Respectarea drepturilor omului n stnga Nistrului 62
CAPITOLUL II
Activitatea avocailor parlamentari i a membrilor Consiliului
consultativ prin prisma prevederilor Protocolului Opional
la Convenia ONU mpotriva torturii i a pedepselor sau
tratamentelor inumane sau degradante
1. Introducere 71
2. Instituii subordonate Ministerului Afacerilor Interne 74
3. Instituii subordonate Ministerului Justiiei 82
4. Instituii psihiatrice 95
5. Internate psihoneurologice 101
CAPITOLUL III
Respectarea drepturilor copilului n Republica Moldova
1. Justiia juvenil 105
2. Dreptul la nvtur 107
3. Protejarea copilului mpotriva abuzului 111
Respectarea drepturilor omului n Republica Moldova CAPITOLUL I
4. Dreptul la ocrotirea sntii 113

5. Dreptul la asisten i protecie social 115
6. Dreptul la opinie 116
7. Dreptul la abitaie n familie 117
CAPITOLUL IV
Promovarea drepturilor omului n comunitate 121
CAPITOLUL V
Alte aspecte ale activitii Centrului pentru Drepturile
Omului n anul 2012
1. Activitatea Centrului pentru Drepturile Omului n cifre 128
2. Alte aspecte ale activitii Instituiei avocailor parlamentari 135
6
CAPITOLUL I

CAPITOLUL I
Respectarea drepturilor omului
n Republica Moldova
1. Asigurarea egalitii de anse i nondiscriminarea
Pe 25 mai 2012, Parlamentul Republicii

Moldova a aprobat Legea cu privire la asi-
gurarea egalitii. Potrivit aprecierilor avo- Cererea N.C. privind includerea (con-
cailor parlamentari, legea menionat nu form art.124 al.3 din Codul muncii)
este perfect, dar constituie un pas impor- perioadei de ngrijire a copilului n
tant spre adoptarea unui cadru legal care vechimea n munc a serviciului mili-
ar corespunde cerinelor internaionale n tar a fost supus examinrii de ctre
domeniu. toate instanele judectoreti nai-
onale. La 23 mai 2012 CSJ a admis
Un alt document important este Pro- integral recursul i a obligat Minis-
gramul naional de asigurare a egalitii terul Aprrii s includ n vechimea
de gen n Republica Moldova pentru anii calendaristic a serviciului militar a
2010-2015 (PNAEG), adoptat prin Hotrrea reclamantei perioada aflrii n con-
Guvernului nr.933 din 31.12.2009, care pre- cediul de ngrijire a copilului, decizia
vede o abordare complex a problemelor fiind irevocabil. La cererea petii-
ce in de realizarea principiului egalitii onarei N.C. adresat Curii de Apel
ntre femei si brbai. Documentul conine Chiinu, ca instan de fond, privind
prevederi menite s asigure transpunerea obligarea achitrii indemnizaiilor de
n via a angajamentelor asumate de Re- maternitate, la data de 14.06.2012 a
publica Moldova prin ratificarea mai multor fost emis o decizie prin care a fost
instrumente internaionale n domeniul admis aciunea cu obligarea Minis-
oportunitilor egale, inclusiv a Conveniei terului Aprrii de a achita indem-
asupra eliminrii tuturor formelor de dis- nizaia unic lunar pentru aflarea
criminare fa de femei (n vigoare pentru petiionarei n concediul de ngrijire
Republica Moldova din 31.07.1994). a copilului minor. Decizia instanei de
Existena unor reglementri privind apel a fost contestat n Curtea Su-
asigurarea egalitii, implicit de gen, nu prem de Justiie cu recurs de ctre
rezolv la aceast etap i problemele din reclamat i prin decizia Curii Supre-
domeniu. Astfel, avocaii parlamentari snt me de Justiie din 29.11.2012 cauza a
ngrijorai de apariia tot mai frecvent a fost remis spre o nou examinare n
unor spoturi video i panouri de publicitate instana de fond.
cu un coninut denigrator la adresa femeii
i consider c productorii de publicita- loialitatea, onestitatea i decena publicit-
te, la crearea i difuzarea publicitii, nu se ii, aa cum prevede legislaia cu privire la
conformeaz principiilor i cerinelor de publicitate1.
baz ale activitii de publicitate privind
1
Art. 11 din Legea cu privire la publicitate nr.1227 mtoare privind rasa, naionalitatea, profesia,
din 27.06.97 interzice publicitatea care ncalc categoria social, vrsta, sexul, limba, convinge-
normele unanim acceptate ale umanismului i rile religioase, filozofice, politice i de alt gen ale
moralei prin ofense, comparaii i imagini defi- persoanelor fizice.
7
n acest context a fost sesizat Agenia avocatul parlamentar s intervin pentru

Naional pentru Protecia Concurenei, a depune concluziile de rigoare n legtur
agentul constatator n cauzele contraveni- cu procesele judiciare naintate de militari
onale de nclcare a legislaiei cu privire la n baza art. 74 CPC RM.
publicitate2, pentru efectuarea expertizei
acestor publiciti privind corespunderea Petiionara N.M. a sesizat CpDOM
prevederilor legislaiei cu privire la publi- despre lezarea dreptului constitui-
citate i, dup caz, iniierea procedurii de onal la via, integritate fizic i psi-
sancionare. hic prin prisma violenei domestice.
Din cele relatate n petiie reiese c
Cererile petiionarei T.D. privind fostul so (fost militar), cu care din
includerea n vechimea calendaris- anumite motive locuiesc mpreun,
tic a serviciului militar a perioadei ntreprinde acte de violen cu carac-
de ngrijire a copilului i achitarea ter psihic i economic, manifestate
indemnizaiilor de maternitate au att fa de petiionar, ct i fa de
fost examinate de Curtea de Apel, ca
cele dou fiice ale lor, prin impune-
instan de fond, care prin decizia din
rea voinei i controlului personal,
10.12.2012 a respins ambele cereri
prin provocri ale strilor de tensiu-
ca nentemeiate. Reclamanta a iniiat
procedura de contestare a deciziei. ne i de suferin psihic, precum i
prin privarea de mijloace economice
cu limitarea de a folosi i dispune de
O dovad a nerespectrii principiului bunurile comune. Ofierul operativ
egalitii de gen n sfera social o consti- de sector nu s-a implicat n solui-
tuie i sesizarea militarilor de sex feminin a onarea cazului, pe motiv c fa de
Instituiei avocailor parlamentari privind petiionar nu erau aplicate acte de
fenomenul discriminrii, prin prisma ne- violen fizic. La intervenia avoca-
includerii perioadei concediului pentru tului parlamentar, organele abilitate
ngrijire a copilului n vechimea de munc, au ntreprins msurile de protecie,
inclusiv n vechimea special cu achitarea fiind emis n acest sens o ordonan
indemnizaiei din bugetul asigurrilor soci- de protecie.
ale de stat, n conformitate cu prevederile
art.124 din Codul muncii. Urmare a exami-
nrii faptelor invocate i analizei legislaiei Totodat, ntru eliminarea lacunelor le-
naionale i internaionale n domeniu, avo- gislative, avocaii parlamentari au sesizat
catul parlamentar a constatat o restrngere Curtea Constituional. Cu invocarea mai
a drepturilor fundamentale ale militarilor multor argumente expuse n sesizare, a fost
prin aplicarea unor prevederi legislative3 ce solicitat exercitarea controlului constitui-
contravin art.52 din Constituia RM i art.1 onalitii cuvntului compus femei-militari
din Protocolul nr.1 la Convenia European i a sintagmei dar nu se include n vechi-
a Drepturilor Omului la care ara este par- mea calendaristic a serviciului militar din
te. Aceste mprejurri l-au determinat pe art.32 alin.4 lit.j) din Legea cu privire la sta-
tutul militarilor nr.162 din 22 iulie 2005 cu
2
Art. 364 al Codului contravenional prevede c declararea acestor prevederi neconstitui-
prezentarea, producerea ori difuzarea publicitii
onale. Prin Hotrrea Curii Constituionale
neoneste, amorale sau a oricrei alte publiciti
ce contravine legii de ctre agenii de publicitate din 1 noiembrie 2012, a fost declarat ne-
este pasibil de rspundere contravenional. constituional cuvntul femei- din cuvntul
3
Legea cu privire la statutul militarilor nr. 162 din compus femei-militari de la articolul 32
22.07.2005 i Regulamentul cu privire la modul alin.4 lit.d) i j) din Legea cu privire la statu-
de ndeplinire a serviciului militar n Forele Ar- tul militarilor, precum i punctele 67 lit.j), 88
mate aprobat prin Hotrrea Guvernului 941 din alin.4 lit.b), 108 lit.i), 116 lit.e), 131 din Regu-
17.08.2006
8
CAPITOLUL I

lamentul cu privire la modul de ndeplinire
Petiionara R.F. a sesizat CpDOM
a serviciului militar n Forele Armate. De
privind dezacordul su cu ordonan-
asemenea, Curtea a sistat procesul pentru
a de protecie emis de Procuratura
controlul constituionalitii sintagmei dar
sect. Centru, mun. Chiinu n privin-
nu se include n vechimea calendaristic a
a ei (n prezent ordonana n cauz
serviciului militar de la litera j) alineatul 4)
este obiect de examinare n instana
art. 32 din Legea cu privire la statutul mili-
de judecat), considernd-o drept ile-
tarilor.
gal. Petiionara a indicat c aceasta
Un subiect nchis pentru discuii rmne urma s fie aplicat fa de soul su,
a fi violena n familie4, gravitatea fenome- care de fapt ar fi agresorul. Petiio-
nului n cauz nefiind pe deplin contienti- nara mai menioneaz c din moti-
zat n societate. vul relaiilor de prietenie ale soului
Odat cu adoptarea Legii cu privire la cu ofierul operativ de sector, acesta
prevenirea i combaterea violenei n fa- manifest o atitudine prtinitoare,
milie nr.45-XVI din 01.03.2007, autoritile ordonana de protecie a fost aplica-
publice centrale abilitate cu funcii de ela- t eronat.
borare i de promovare a politicilor de pre-
venire i de combatere a violenei n familie Pe parcursul anului curent, Instituia
i de asisten social a subiecilor violenei ombudsmanului a fost sesizat de femei -
n familie au ntreprins unele aciuni ce in victime ale violenei domestice. Petiiona-
de implementarea prevederilor legale. rele au menionat c au apelat la ajutorul
Legea a oferit o nou perspectiv juridi- ofierilor operativi de sector n scopul apli-
c noiunii violena domestic, nsumnd un crii msurilor de protecie, ns solicitrile
sistem mai eficient de prevenire i comba- lor au fost examinate superficial sau n ge-
tere a acesteia. Astfel, n document pentru neral nu au fost examinate. Petiionarele au
prima dat a fost inclus noiunea de vio- mai relevat c frecvent ofierii operativi de
len domestic care cuprinde un complex sector evitau s ntreprind aciuni de pro-
de comportamente agresive sistematic re- tecie n privina acestora. Mai mult, mani-
petate i aplicate fa de victim, precum i festau o atitudine prtinitoare i-i favorizau
noiunea de ordonan de protecie, ca fiind pe agresori, care le erau buni cunoscui
instrumentul legal important prin care in- sau chiar prieteni. Snt atestate cazuri cnd
stana de judecat aplic msuri de protec- agresorul este fost colaborator al organelor
ie n privina victimei violenei domestice. de drept. Respectiv, din solidaritate profe-
sional ofierii operativi de sector se fac a
n acest sens, este foarte important in-
nu vedea toate mprejurrile cazurilor de
tervenirea operativ a organelor de drept n
violen n familie, ezitnd s aplice msuri
documentarea, examinarea i stabilirea cir-
de protecie n privina victimelor. Petii-
cumstanelor de fapt. Acestea deseori ezit
onarele invoc faptul c ofierii de sector
s ntreprind aciunile necesare de docu-
reacioneaz operativ doar n cazul n care
mentare a cauzei.
acestea nu doar declar, dar i demonstrea-
z consecinele aplicrii fa de ele a actelor
de violen fizic (leziuni corporale, entor-
se, echimoze, fracturi etc.). Totodat, decla-
Conform informaiei MAI n anul 2012 au parve-
4
rarea actelor de violen domestic de alt
nit n total 6569 de apeluri privind acte de violen-
domestic. Au fost pornite 789 cauze penale n
caracter, cum ar fi presiunea psihic, provo-
temeiul art.2011 Cod Penal i 651 cauze adminis- carea disconfortului familial, nu snt luate n
trative n baza art.78 din Codul contravenional. consideraie.
n urma adresrii organelor de urmrire penal, Circumstanele invocate reflect ati-
n instana de judecat au fost emise 408 ordo-
nane de protecie, dintre care: 224 - n privina
tudinea prtinitoare, precum i favoriza-
femeilor; 5 a copiilor; 165 - n privina femeilor rea agresorului de ctre ofierii operativi
i copiilor; 14 - n privina brbailor. de sector manifestat n unele cazuri. Din
9
acest motiv, examinarea cazurilor de vio- sial i Declaraia ONU privind Drepturile
len domestic nu este eficient, dat fiind Minoritilor Naionale sau Etnice, Religi-
lipsa poziiei neutre a acestora, chiar dac oase i Lingvistice. Drepturile minoritilor
raportarea cazurilor de violen domestic faciliteaz participarea lor egal la viaa pu-
de ctre femei se face primordial organelor blic i la luarea deciziilor. Aceste elemen-
de poliie5. te nondiscriminarea, protecia identitii
innd cont de importana pe care o i participarea constituie fundamentul
are documentarea obiectiv i stabilirea drepturilor minoritilor.6
circumstanelor de fapt la examinarea ca- Drepturile persoanelor aparinnd mi-
zurilor de violen domestic, avocatul noritilor naionale nu mai constituie
parlamentar a expediat un demers Comi- apanajul statelor, ci al comunitii interna-
sariatului General de Poliie. Ombudsmanul ionale deoarece, aa cum este artat n Co-
a recomandat atenionarea ofierilor opera- mentariile la Recomandarea 1201 privind
tivi de sector, inclusiv prin instruiri de ordin proiectul Protocolului adiional la Conven-
intern, ca s manifeste o atitudine neprti- ia European pentru Aprarea Drepturilor
nitoare, s nu admit favorizarea actorilor Omului, garantarea drepturilor persoane-
implicai n actele de violen domestic, n lor aparinnd minoritilor naionale este
special a agresorilor. un factor de pace, dreptate i democraie.
Totodat, avocaii parlamentari au re- n aceeai ordine de idei, Comentariile la
comandat instruirea angajailor din poliie Recomandarea 1201 constat c dreptu-
orientat spre distingerea tuturor formelor rile minoritilor fac parte din acel dome-
de violen domestic la examinarea cazu- niu supranaional al dreptului care include
rilor de violen domestic i contientiza- drepturile omului, aceasta implicnd faptul
rea necesitii de a se aplica msuri de pro- c ele nu pot fi n niciun caz privite exclusiv
tecie a victimelor violenei n familie i de a ca o problem intern a statelor.
aciona cu promptitudine. Principalul act internaional ratificat n
acest domeniu de Parlamentul Republi-
Protecia drepturilor minoritilor cii Moldova este Convenia-cadru pentru
protecia minoritilor naionale (Hotrrea
Parlamentului nr. 1001-XIII din 22.10.1996)
Transformrile care au avut loc n siste-
instrument juridic multilateral, consacrat
mele politice post-totalitare indic asupra
proteciei minoritilor naionale i care
faptului c procesul politic se afl profund
stabilete principiile de respectare a drep-
sub impactul factorului etnic. Astfel, socio-
turilor acestora. Pentru un stat tnr inde-
logul i politologul german Max Weber spu-
pendent acest eveniment a avut o sem-
nea c autoidentificarea etnic este pilonul
nificaie deosebit ntruct minoritile
vieii politice.
naionale constituie 35,5% din populaia
Drepturile minoritilor naionale snt rii.7
un compartiment al drepturilor omului.
Avnd n vedere angajamentele Repu-
Aceste drepturi snt parte a standardelor
blicii Moldova n asigurarea exercitrii fr
drepturilor omului care protejeaz minori-
nicio discriminare a drepturilor omului,
tile, inclusiv articolul 27 din Pactul Inter-
observaiile concludente i recomandrile
naional privind Drepturile Civile i Politice,
fcute Republicii Moldova de mecanisme-
Convenia Internaional privind Elimina-
le internaionale de monitorizare n acest
rea Tuturor Formelor de Discriminare Ra-
sens, avocaii parlamentari n 2012 i-au
Conform Raportului Violena fa de femei n Re-
5
publica Moldova, ediia 1, 2011, al Biroului de 6

Marginalised Minorities in Development Pro-
Statistic, 33,3% dintre femei ar merge la orga-
nele de poliie; femeile din mediul urban au mai gramming, A UNDP resource guide and toolkit,
mare ncredere n organele de poliie i, n caz de Democratic Governance Group Bureau for Deve-
survenire a aciunilor violente, 37,2% vor apela la lopment Policy, USA, May 2010
acestea. www. statistica.md
7
10
CAPITOLUL I

propus s iniieze o evaluare complex a Cercetrile au indicat c n situaia idea-
aplicrii principiului egalitii i al nondis- l n colile primare toate materiile ar trebui
criminrii n raport cu minoritile. predate n limba minoritii, aceasta fiind i
Estimarea a inclus documentarea, iden- o disciplin aparte. Limba oficial a statului
tificarea deficienelor legale i instituiona- ar trebui s constituie i ea o disciplin se-
le, stabilirea posibilitilor de remediere a parat i s fie predat n mod consecvent,
situaiei i ca finalitate realizarea campa- preferabil de profesori bilingvi, care neleg
niilor de sensibilizare privind prevenirea i bine informaia cultural i lingvistic a co-
combaterea discriminrii, n vederea spori- piilor9.
rii gradului de contientizare a fenomenului Gradul de realizare a drepturilor mino-
n cauz i consolidarea rolului instituiilor ritilor n Republica Moldova, prin prisma
publice responsabile de combaterea aces- Recomandrilor de la Haga, este unul nesa-
tuia. tisfctor, apreciaz avocaii parlamentari
Normele internaionale elaborate n a n baza examinrii situaiei n domeniu.
doua jumtate a secolului XX arat o preo- Dac pentru a asigura dezvoltarea cultu-
cupare deosebit pentru drepturile lingvis- rilor i limbilor minoritilor pe teritoriul
tice ale persoanelor aparinnd minoritilor Republicii Moldova statul a implementat
naionale n sensul eliminrii politicilor dis- unele acte normative10, atunci la capitolul
criminatorii. n acelai timp, aceste norme promovarea limbii oficiale a statului se mai
ncurajeaz politicile de integrare a statelor impun anumite aciuni, or, ultimele progra-
i cunoaterea limbilor de stat de ctre per- me de promovare i mbuntire a studi-
soanele aparinnd minoritilor naionale erii limbii de stat au fost elaborate n anul
ca element al integrrii. Atta timp ct politi- 200111. Asta dei problema limbii vorbite,
ca de integrare nu se transform n politic limbii oficiale a statului, modul i gradul ei
a terorismului lingvistic i este realizat cu de aplicare reprezint un subiect extrem de
respectarea drepturilor omului, avantajele sensibil.
cunoaterii limbii oficiale de ctre persoa-
nele aparinnd minoritilor naionale snt
evidente i incontestabile. Studierea limbii 9
Recomandrile de la Haga privind dreptul la edu-
oficiale reprezint premisa unitii sociale caie al minoritilor naionale; octombrie 1996.
i un factor al coeziunii i integrrii sociale. 10
Hotrrea Guvernului cu privire la asigurarea dez-
voltrii culturii naionale evreieti i satisfacerea
Dreptul minoritilor naionale de a-i necesitilor sociale ale populaiei evreieti din
pstra identitatea poate fi realizat pe deplin RM; Hotrrea Guvernului cu privire la msurile
doar dac acestea dobndesc o cunoatere de asigurare a dezvoltrii culturii naionale ruse
adecvat a limbii lor materne n procesul de n republic; Hotrrea Guvernului cu privire la
nvmnt. n acelai timp, persoanele care msurile de asigurare a dezvoltrii culturii naio-
nale ucrainene n republic; Hotrrea Guvernului
aparin minoritilor naionale au rspun- cu privire la dezvoltarea culturii naionale a po-
derea de a se integra n societatea din care pulaiei bulgare n Republica Moldova; Hotrrea
fac parte, prin nsuirea adecvat a limbii Guvernului cu privire la aprobarea Planului de ac-
oficiale a statului8. iuni privind susinerea populaiei de etnie rom
din Republica Moldova pentru anii 2011-2015.
n acest sens, statul urmeaz s abor- 11
Hotrrea Guvernului nr.1374 din 07.12.2001
deze dreptul la educaie al minoritilor cu privire la aprobarea Programului de aciuni
ntr-o manier eficient i s adopte msuri pentru promovarea limbii de stat, finanat din
speciale pentru a implementa n mod activ mijloacele Fondului de promovare a limbii de
dreptul la studii n limba matern i a limbii stat pe anul 2001; Hotrrea Guvernului nr.857
oficiale a statului, or, astfel ar putea fi res- din 17.08.2001 despre aprobarea Regulamentu-
lui privind modul de utilizare a mijloacelor din
pectate n mod consecvent principiile fun-
Fondul de promovare a limbii de stat; Hotrrea
damentale ale egalitii i nediscriminrii. Guvernului nr.167 din 26.02.2001 cu privire la
Programul naional de mbuntire a studierii
8
Recomandrile de la Haga privind dreptul la edu- limbii de stat a Republicii Moldova de ctre aduli
caie al minoritilor naionale; octombrie 1996 (2001-2005).
11
n procesul de monitorizare a gradului acestora n comunitate, or deseori persoa-

de implementare a programelor naionale nele de etnie rom snt supuse aciunilor
privind dezvoltarea culturilor i susinerea discriminatorii. n scopul optimizrii proce-
limbilor minoritilor pe teritoriul Republi- sului de incluziune a persoanelor de etnie
cii Moldova, Instituia avocailor parlamen- rom, Guvernul Republicii Moldova, prin
tari a constatat o insuficien a resurselor Hotrrea nr.56 din 31.01.2012, a adoptat
tehnico-materiale i a fondurilor de cri de Planul de aciuni privind susinerea popu-
specialitate i literatur artistic editate n laiei de etnie rom din Republica Moldova
limbile minoritilor naionale. pentru anii 2011-2015 prin care urmeaz a
Avnd n vedere statutul special al UTA fi instituit serviciul mediatorului comunitar.
Gguzia i diversitatea etniilor care locu- Avocaii parlamentari au salutat instituirea
iesc n aceast regiune, Instituia avocai- serviciului mediatorilor comunitari, care
lor parlamentari a identificat pe parcursul prin implicare nemijlocit vor permite for-
anului 2012 unele probleme n domeniul tificarea capacitilor de mediere n asigu-
drepturilor minoritilor. Astfel, n Ggu- rarea accesului romilor la servicii din toate
zia funcioneaz 57 de coli cu predare n sferele sociale.
limba rus, studierea limbii materne i a Necesitatea unei asemenea iniiative
istoriei gguzilor fiind obiecte de studiu au demonstrat-o i cazurile nregistrate la
n curriculumul colar. n unele coli, elevii Instituia avocailor parlamentari pe par-
studiaz, la alegere, limba gguz sau cursul anului 2012, n care petiionarii s-au
bulgar. Unicul sat n UTA Gguzia unde declarat victime ale discriminrii n baza
studiile se desfoar n limba ucrainean criteriului de origine etnic (persoanele
este gimnaziul din s. Feropontievca raionul fiind de etnie rom), prin prisma aciunilor
Comrat. n contextul procesului de optimi- i/sau inaciunilor unor reprezentani ai au-
zare a instituiilor de nvmnt n derulare, toritilor publice, ai autoritilor din sfera
exist riscul de nchidere a colii, iar n acest de deservire social etc.
caz persoanele de etnie ucrainean nu vor Este de remarcat faptul c n procesul
putea studia n limba matern. Dei pe par- de examinare a adresrilor, existena fap-
cursul ultimilor ani au fost editate manua- telor discriminatorii pe criteriu de aparte-
le de limb gguz i bulgar, problema nen etnic uneori este greu de demon-
asigurrii cu manuale rmne a fi valabil i strat, chiar dac snt efectuate investigaii
n etapa actual. Exist deficiene i la com- cu promptitudine i n mod detaliat. Frec-
partimentul protecia, promovarea identi- vent persoanele snt afectate nu att de
tii culturale i a patrimoniului cultural al acei care provoac actele discriminatorii
etniei gguze, n special n ceea ce prive- pe criteriu de apartenen etnic, ct de
te studierea istoriei, limbii i tradiiilor g- atitudinea tolerant fa de acestea sau in-
guzilor. Majoritatea instituiilor media din diferena oamenilor prezeni la momentul
Gguzia activeaz n limba rus, doar une- producerii unor astfel de acte.
le emisiuni snt difuzate n limba gguz i
Avocatul parlamentar Tudor Lazr s-a
parial n limba de stat. Acest lucru se refer
autosesizat pe marginea unor cazuri de
n egal msur la instituiile media publice
atitudine discriminatorie i intolerant
i cele private regionale.
din partea unor cadre didactice. Astfel, n
Astfel, se impune concluzia c statul nu demersul adresat Ministerului Educaiei,
asigur n msura necesar studierea limbii ombudsmanul a solicitat dispunerea unui
oficiale a rii, minoritile naionale aplic control n instituiile de nvmnt din lo-
limba rus n dialogul interetnic al comuni- calitile preponderent populate de romi,
tii, ceea ce frneaz procesul de integrare pentru excluderea unei diferenieri de tra-
a acestora n societate. tament i nlturarea situaiilor de formare
Reprezentanii minoritii rome se con- a claselor n care s fie n exclusivitate copii
frunt cu anumite probleme specifice care romi, deoarece aceast segregare duce la
necesit a fi soluionate pentru incluziunea discriminare.
12
CAPITOLUL I

Totodat, a fost solicitat aportul admi- anumite condiii, stabilite pentru proteja-
nistraiei publice locale n ceea ce privete rea demnitii persoanei.
integrarea persoanelor de etnie rom n Persoanele LGBT trebuie s se bucure
sistemul educaional, implicit precolar. n de drepturi egale, fapt consfinit n nume-
acest scop se impune i organizarea unor roase instrumente internaionale.
campanii de informare privind importana
incluziunii copiilor romi n procesul educa-
ional la toate treptele. Este necesar pro- CpDOM a nregistrat un apel tele-
movarea oportunitilor egale pentru copii fonic din Sngerei de la o persoan
i tinerii romi, inclusiv n etapa de angajare care a dorit s rmn anonim, men-
n cmpul muncii. ionnd c este ruda unei familii de
etnie rom. Persoana a comunicat c
De asemenea se recomand identifica- copiii din familia respectiv snt elevi
rea permanent de ctre cadrele didactice, n clasa I i refuz a merge la coal
asistenii sociali i inspectorii colari a copi- din motivul discriminrii pe crite-
ilor care nu frecventeaz coala. riu de apartenen etnic. Colegii i
n contextul experienelor privind ac- numesc igani, iar profesorii nu-i
tele discriminatorii din anii precedeni, implic n procesul de studii, igno-
n anul 2012, avocaii parlamentari au n- rnd prezena lor n sal. n procesul
demnat, cu diverse ocazii, nalii demnitari, examinrii cazului, a fost solicitat
oficiali, reprezentanii grupurilor religioase concursul autoritii publice locale
ortodoxe i reprezentanii partidelor poli- i din sistemul de nvmnt pentru
tice s promoveze tolerana n societate i verificarea faptelor invocate. Toto-
respectul pentru drepturile omului, iar cei dat, avocatul parlamentar a sesizat
care se angajeaz ntr-un dialog public s administraia public local despre
se abin de la acte cu coninut discrimi- aciunile ce urmeaz a fi ntreprinse
natoriu12. pe teritoriul unitii administrativ-te-
Avocaii parlamentari condamn cu ve- ritoriale ntru realizarea obiectivelor
hemen asemenea acte, svrite inclusiv stabilite n Planul de aciuni privind
de persoane publice i solicit politicienilor susinerea populaiei de etnie rom.
i liderilor de opinie s manifeste un com-
portament echilibrat i responsabil, s nu
admit manifestri rasiste, xenofobe i dis- n cadrul Adunrii Generale a ONU din
criminatorii n raport cu membrii comunit- decembrie 2008, 66 de state de pe cinci
ii. Or, dreptul la exprimare nu este un drept continente au susinut o Declaraie novato-
absolut i exercitarea lui trebuie realizat n rie care reconfirm nc o dat c protecia
internaional a drepturilor omului include
orientarea sexual i identitatea gender13.
Libertatea de exprimare: necesitatea unei in-
12
gerine sau drepturile celorlali- http://www. n declaraie se reafirm principiul nediscri-

ombudsman.md/md/comunicate/2794/1/5480/; minrii i se condamn execuiile, detenia
Discursurile instigatoare la ur xenofob- aten- arbitrar sau nclcarea drepturilor omului
tat la valorile democratice si drepturile omului
pentru fiecare - http://www.ombudsman.md/ pe motive de orientare sexual sau identi-
md/newslst/1211/1/5497/; Declaraia avocatului tate gender.
parlamentar referitor la iniiativa discriminatorie
a Consiliului municipal Bli vizavi de minorit-
Discriminarea minoritilor sexuale
ile sexuale; Declaraia avocatului parlamentar este nc o realitate n multe state. Potrivit
vizavi de replicile rasiste si discriminatorii ale asociaiei internaionale pentru minoriti
unui oficial al Republicii Moldova - http://www. sexuale (International lesbien, gay, bisexu-
ombudsman.md/md/newslst/1211/1/5376/;
Combaterea discriminrii i intoleranei prin to- al, transsexual and Intersex Association), n
leran - http://www.ombudsman.md/md/ne-
wslst/1211/1/5849/; Atelier de creaie Tolerana
imperativ social al timpului la Liceul M. Ko- http://www.amnesty.org/es/librar y/asset/
13
glniceanu - http://www.ombudsman.md/md/ IOR40/024/2008/en/269de167-d107-11dd-

newslst/1211/1/5854 984e-fdc7ffcd27a6/ior400242008en.pdf
13
nicio ar european nu snt respectate n Pe parcursul anului 2012 Instituia avo-

totalitate drepturile reprezentanilor aces- cailor parlamentari nu a constatat o schim-
tor minoriti. bare esenial de atitudine n societate fa
de persoanele LGBT din Republica Moldo-
CpDOM a participat n calitate de va, aceast categorie de persoane fiind n
intervenient n cadrul cauzei civile continuare discriminat pe motivul aparte-
AO Fericita Maica Matrona i Biseri- nenei sexuale.
ca Ortodox din Moldova, mpotriva n ultimii ani, pe rol n instanele de ju-
Consiliului de Observatori al IPNA decat din Republica Moldova au fost puse
Compania Teleradio-Moldova pri- mai multe cereri cu privire la modificarea
vind anularea Hotrrii Consiliului de actelor de stare civil, urmare a schimbrii
Observatori al Companiei Teleradio- sexului. n condiiile n care cererile menio-
Moldova nr.1/244 din 22.12.2010 nate reprezint o nou categorie de dosare,
Cu privire la difuzarea filmului iar legislaia care urmeaz a fi aplicat este
Drepturile omului pe ecran: Dreptu- vag, Curtea Suprem de Justiie, n sco-
rile minoritilor sexuale. CpDOM pul crerii unei practici judiciare unitare i
a indicat asupra nclcrii dreptului corecte, a fcut unele recomandri instan-
la exprimare a persoanelor LGBT. elor judectoreti n ceea ce privete apli-
Astfel, Colegiul civil, comercial i de carea normelor juridice prin prisma art. 8
contencios administrativ al Curii dinConvenia Europeanpentru Aprarea
Supreme de Justiie, la 15.08.2012, a Drepturilor Omului i a Libertilor Funda-
respins recursul declarat de recurent mentale dreptul la respectarea vieii priva-
i a meninut hotrrea Curii de Apel te i de familie. Dreptul de a schimba sexul
Chiinu din 26.06.2012 prin care ce- i prenumele este component a dreptului
rerea depus de reclamani a fost res- la viaa privat.
pins ca nefondat. Astfel, ncepnd cu luna noiembrie
2012, persoanele transgender nu se mai
confrunt cu dificulti lamodificarea acte-
La nivel global nc mai existcinci state lor de stare civil, urmare a schimbrii se-
n care se poate aplica pedeapsa cu moar- xului17, fapt salutat de Instituia avocailor
tea pe motiv de orientare sexual14. La aces- parlamentari.
tea se adaug alte 76 de state n care ho-
Au fost nregistrate cazuri de manifes-
mosexualitatea este considerat o ofens15.
tri discriminatorii fa de reprezentani
Niciun fel de valori culturale, tradiiona- ai grupurilor minoritare sexuale n insti-
le sau religioase, inclusiv regulile culturii tuiile medicale18. A fost nregistrat un caz
dominante nu pot fi utilizate pentru justi- de amplasare neautorizat a unui panou
ficarea declaraiilor de ur sau a altor forme informativ n sectorul Centru al Capitalei,
de discriminare, incluznd discriminarea pe ce avertiza expres despre parcarea interzis
criteriu de orientare sexual sau identitate inclusiv minoritilor sexuale19. La inter-
gender16. venia avocailor parlamentari panoul a fost
demontat, iar contravenientul sancionat.
14
Mauritania; Iran; Arabia Saudit; Sudan i
Yemen, precum i n unele pri din Somalia
i Nigeria. http://www.publika.md/curtea-suprema-de-jus-
17
15
http://www.avocatnet.ro/content/articles/ titie-recomanda-permiterea-schimbului-de-se-
id_25242/Parlamentul-European-militeaza-pen- xe-in-acte_1105901.html
tru-drepturile-minoritatilor-sexuale http://voxreport.unimedia.md/2011/08/23/ho-
18
16
Recomandarea CM/Rec(2010)5, adoptat la 31 mosexualii-fug-de-asistenta-medicilor
martie 2010 de ctre Comitetul de Minitri al http://adevarul.ro/moldova/actualitate/foto-chi-
19
Consiliului Europei, adresat statelor-membre SinAu-parcare-interzisa-inclusiv-minoritatilor-

asupra msurilor de combatere a discriminrii pe sexuale-1_50ae26d17c42d5a6639a0fe8/index.
criteriu de orientare sexual i identitate gender. html
14
CAPITOLUL I

Un alt caz s-a referit la refuzul autorit- riei de Stat - organul mputernicit direct cu
ilor administraiei publice locale de a per- dreptul de a efectua controlul obligatoriu a
mite desfurarea unei ntruniri panice deciziilor consiliilor locale de toate niveluri-
planificate de Genderdoc-M (n luna mai le21, prin intermediul oficiilor teritoriale ale
2005) n municipiul Chiinu20. Drept urma- sale, s ntreprind msurile de rigoare n
re a adresrii reprezentanilor organizaiei scopul anulrii deciziilor cu caracter homo-
Genderdoc-M la Curtea European pentru fob emise de autoritile publice locale no-
Drepturile Omului, Republica Moldova a minalizate.
fost obligat s achite sume bneti consi- Din cele ase localiti nominalizate,
derabile din bugetul rii. doar primria Chetri, raionul Fleti a abro-
Pe parcursul anului 2012 mai multe gat de sine stttor decizia.
autoriti locale din Republica Moldova, Prin rspunsul Primriei oraului Dro-
printre care Consiliul municipiului Bli, chia, am fost informai c la 27.03.2012, n
Consiliul oraului Cahul, Consiliul raionului cadrul edinei Consiliului orenesc, un
Anenii Noi, Consiliul oraului Drochia, Pri- grup de consilieri a propus introducerea
mria Hiliui i Primria Chetri din raionul n ordinea de zi a chestiunii Cu privire la
Fleti, prin deciziile lor, au declarat teritori- declararea oraului Drochia teritoriu de
ile primriilor ca zone de susinere a Biseri- susinere a Bisericii Ortodoxe din Moldova
cii Ortodoxe din Moldova i de neadmitere i de neadmitere a propagandei agresive a
a propagandei agresive a orientrilor sexu- orientrilor sexuale netradiionale, care cu
ale netradiionale. 14 voturi Pro, 3 - Contra i 6 - Abinut a fost
Avnd n vedere caracterul discriminato- acceptat.
riu al acestor acte, iar pe de alt parte, pre- La 16.07.2012, Oficiul Teritorial Soroca
vederile Constituiei Republicii Moldova, ce al Cancelariei de Stat a naintat o notifica-
enun expres c prevederile cu referire la re privind abrogarea deciziei Consiliului
drepturile omului urmeaz s fie interpreta- orenesc Drochia nr.2/14 din 27.03.2012
te n conformitatea cu Declaraia Universal cu privire la declararea oraului Drochia te-
a Drepturilor Omului i acordurile interna- ritoriu de susinere a Bisericii Ortodoxe din
ionale la care ara este parte, precum i Moldova i de neadmitere a propagandei
principiul egalitii tuturor cetenilor n agresive a orientrilor sexuale netradiio-
faa legii i a autoritilor publice, Instituia nale.
avocailor parlamentari a solicitat Cancela-
Pe data de 14.08.2012 notificarea adre-
sat Consiliului orenesc Drochia a fost
La 12 iunie 2012 Curtea European a Drepturilor
20
pus n discuie, dar decizia a rmas n vi-
Omului a notificat hotrrea sa n cauza Gender- goare. n prezent, legalitatea deciziei se
doc-M versus Moldova.n plngere a fost invocat examineaz n instana de judecat.
interzicerea desfurrii n Chiinu a unei demon-
straii planificate de Genderdoc-M pentru luna n contextul celor enunate, avocaii
mai 2005 n vederea susinerii legislaiei privind parlamentari rmn pe poziia c adoptarea
protecia minoritilor sexuale mpotriva discrimi- la 25 mai curent a Legii cu privire la asigu-
nrii. Organizaia reclamant s-a plns pe faptul c
rarea egalitii, confirm angajamentul sta-
interzicerea a fost ilegal, nu a existat o procedur
care s le permit obinerea deciziei finale pn la tului de a perfeciona legislaia naional
data planificat pentru desfurarea evenimentu- conform jurisprudenei Curii Europene a
lui i pentru c ONG-ul fusese din nou discriminat Drepturilor Omului. Avocaii parlamentari
din cauza c promova interesele comunitii gay recomand Guvernului ntreprinderea unor
din Moldova. A fost invocat articolul 6 alin. 1 (drep- msuri hotrte n vederea demarrii activi-
tul la un proces echitabil), articolul 10 (libertatea
de exprimare), articolul 11 (libertatea de ntruni-
tii Consiliului pentru prevenirea i elimi-
re sau asociere), articolul 13 (dreptul la un recurs narea discriminrii i asigurrii egalitii.
efectiv) i articolul 14 (interzicerea discriminrii).
Astfel, Republica Moldova a fost obligat s achite Punctul 8 lit.g) din Hotrrea Guvernului nr.845
21
11 mii euro pentru prejudicii morale i materiale i din 18.12.2009 cu privire la oficiile teritoriale ale
pentru costuri i cheltuieli. Cancelariei de Stat.
15
Recomandrile avocailor parlamentari

Promovarea activ de ctre instituiile statului a principiilor fundamentale ale plura-
lismului, diversitii, toleranei i ale libertii de gndire;
Adoptarea unor msurilor pentru eliminarea discriminrii latente din politicile de
angajare n instituii publice i private;
Eliminarea oricror forme de discriminare n sistemul de educaie;
Aprobarea unui Plan de aciuni la nivel de stat pentru promovarea i studierea limbii
de stat i identificarea n acest sens a resurselor corespunztoare.
2. Accesul liber la justiie
Eficiena unui proces echitabil nu poa- promovarea judectorilor i a procurorilor

te fi perceput fr funcionarea bun a sis- este insuficient de transparent i nu este
temului instituional n domeniul justiiei, bazat pe merit; nu toate componentele
cum ar fi Curtea Suprem de Justiie, Con- Consiliului Superior al Magistraturii funci-
siliul Superior al Magistraturii, instanele oneaz eficient; calitatea nesatisfctoare
judectoreti, procuratura, instituia avo- a serviciilor conexe sistemului justiiei; lip-
caturii, instituia executorilor judectoreti sesc mecanismele eficiente de responsabi-
care ajut la realizarea unei bune guvernri lizare a actorilor din sectorul justiiei; faza
n domeniul justiiei. Totodat, o justiie efi- pre-judiciar este nejustificat de complex;
cient nu poate fi perceput fr o presta- lipsesc mecanismele eficiente de asigurare
ie profesional a participanilor la proces. a unei justiii prietenoase copiilor; potrivit
Pe parcursul ultimilor ani au fost adop- opiniei publice, rspndirea corupiei n
tate documente strategice n domeniu: sectorul justiiei a cptat cote alarmante.
Strategia de consolidare a sistemului ju- Astfel, nc n anul 2009, n Declaraia cu
dectoresc i Concepia privind finanarea privire la starea justiiei n Republica Mol-
acestuia, Strategia de dezvoltare a siste- dova i la aciunile necesare mbuntirii
mului de executare, Concepia reformrii situaiei n domeniul justiiei22, naltul for
sistemului penitenciar etc. n acelai timp, legislativ a constatat cu ngrijorare c justi-
au fost adoptate mai multe legi care au ia n Republica Moldova este grav afectat
reformat conceptual unele instituii-cheie de corupie. n Declaraie s-a menionat c
din sectorul justiiei: organele procuraturii, o asemenea involuie a justiiei moldove-
avocatura, notariatul, sistemul penitenciar, neti a fost posibil inclusiv din cauza ne-
sistemul de executare. Au fost adoptate glijrii sau aplicrii selective de ctre Consi-
legi prin care au fost create noi mecanis- liul Superior al Magistraturii a legislaiei ce
me i instituii n sectorul justiiei: Legea reglementeaz rspunderea judectorilor.
cu privire la asistena juridic garantat de O alt cauz ar fi indulgena manifestat
stat, Legea cu privire la probaiune, Legea de membrii Consiliului Superior al Magis-
cu privire la mediere, Legea privind execu- traturii la cercetarea nclcrilor comise de
torii judectoreti. judectori, precum i lipsa de reacie din
Analiza implementrii documentelor partea Consiliului Superior al Magistraturii
strategice din domeniu relev principalele i a organelor procuraturii la aciunile, pe
probleme cu care se confrunt n mod con- alocuri criminale, ale judectorilor; lipsa de
stant sectorul justiiei, i anume: instanele
de judecat nu snt administrate eficient;
22
Hotrrea Parlamentului Republicii Moldova nr. 53
din 31.10.2009.
16
CAPITOLUL I

reacie i de rezisten a corpului judecto- Evaluarea periodic a procesului de
resc la aciunile de intimidare i de presiu- implementare a Strategiei de reform a
ne politic venite din partea exponenilor sectorului justiiei pentru anii 2011-2016 i
guvernrii; lipsa de transparen a actului a gradului de realizare a obiectivelor aces-
de justiie i a activitii Consiliului Supe- teia va fi efectuat de Consiliul naional
rior al Magistraturii, n special n ceea ce pentru reforma organelor de ocrotire a
privete selectarea, numirea, promovarea normelor de drept, constituit prin Decretul
i sancionarea judectorilor; pregtirea Preedintelui Republicii Moldova nr. 219
insuficient iniial a judectorilor; asigu- din 06.08.2012.
rarea lor material inadecvat; sindicaliza- Astfel, pe parcursul anului 2012 Parla-
rea puterii judectoreti etc. mentul a adoptat un set de legi prin care au
Aceste constatri demonstreaz c fost modificate unele prevederi din Codul
standardele profesionale, morale i etice de procedur civil i Codul de procedur
nu au devenit parte important a activitii penal, precum i alte legi de inciden n
n domeniu, fapt ce a generat diminuarea contextul reformei, menite s eficientizeze
ncrederii societii n justiie. ntr-o msur mai mare accesul liber la jus-
Nivelul redus de ncredere a cetenilor tiie i dreptul la un proces echitabil. A fost
n sectorul justiiei este un fenomen peri- adoptat Legea privind selecia, evaluarea
culos, deoarece poate genera o nencrede- performanelor i cariera judectorilor. Tot-
re general a acestora n eficiena i integri- odat, la 5 iulie 2012, Parlamentul a adop-
tatea autoritilor publice i chiar a statului tat Legea pentru modificarea i completa-
n general. n aceast ordine de idei, pentru rea unor acte legislative nr. 153 prin care au
edificarea unui sector al justiiei accesibil, fost operate mai multe modificri n actele
eficient, independent, transparent, pro- normative ce in de organizarea judec-
fesionist i responsabil fa de societate, toreasc i statutul judectorului: Legea
care s corespund standardelor europe- privind organizarea judectoreasc nr. 514
ne, s asigure supremaia legii i respec- din 06.07.1995; Legea cu privire la statutul
tarea drepturilor omului, la 25 noiembrie judectorului nr.544 din 20.07.1995; Legea
2011, Parlamentul Republicii Moldova a cu privire la Curtea Suprem de Justiie
aprobat Strategia de reform a sectorului nr. 789 din 26.03.1996; Legea cu privire la
justiiei pentru anii 2011-2016. Elaborarea Consiliul Superior al Magistraturii nr. 947
unei strategii complexe de reform a deve- din 19.07.1996; Legea cu privire la colegiul
nit necesar n vederea crerii unui cadru disciplinar i la rspundere disciplinar a
comun care s acopere toate eforturile de judectorilor nr. 950 din 19.07.1996; Legea
reform a sectorului justiiei, pentru asigu- cu privire la Institutul Naional al Justiiei
rarea dezvoltrii durabile a acestuia prin nr. 152 din 08.06.2006.
aciuni realiste i concrete. Pe lng con- Una dintre modificri ine de revizu-
solidarea independenei, responsabilitii, irea componenei Consiliului Superior al
imparialitii, eficienei i transparenei Magistraturii23, prin reducerea numrului
sistemului judectoresc, Strategia preve- profesorilor titulari de la 4 la 3 i majora-
de ameliorarea cadrului instituional i a rea numrului judectorilor de la 5 la 6.
proceselor care asigur accesul efectiv la Preedintele Curii Supreme de Justiie,
justiie, asistena juridic eficient, exa- ministrul Justiiei i Procurorul General snt
minarea cauzelor i executarea hotrrilor membri de drept.
judectoreti n termene rezonabile, mo- n opinia avocailor parlamentari, nici
dernizarea statutului unor profesii juridice noua componen a organului de auto-
conexe sistemului de justiie, asigurarea administrare judectoreasc nu asigur
respectrii efective a drepturilor omului n
practicile i politicile juridice. 23
Legea pentru modificarea i completarea unor
acte legislative nr. 153 din 05.07.2012.
17
majoritatea important a judectorilor i ritul art. 6 din Constituie, care consfinete

aceast structur numeric poate deplasa principiul separaiei i colaborrii puterilor,
balana controlului votului spre o eventua- Plenul Curii Supreme de Justiie a sesizat, la
l conjunctur politic n condiiile n care 7 septembrie 2012, Curtea Constituional
Consiliul Superior al Magistraturii adopt privind controlul constituionalitii preve-
hotrri cu votul majoritii membrilor si. derilor menionate.
n acest context este de menionat c ante- Avocaii parlamentari susin poziia
rior, la 13 iulie 2011, avocaii parlamentari Plenului Curii Supreme de Justiie pe
au sesizat Curtea Constituional privind acest subiect i reitereaz c anume n sco-
controlul constituionalitii componenei pul de a asigura separarea puterilor n stat,
Consiliului Superior al Magistraturii (con- pentru a nltura ingerinele unei puteri n
stituit la acel moment din cinci judectori, activitatea alteia i a garanta independena
patru profesori titulari, preedintele Curii justiiei, Constituia stipuleaz norme ce
Supreme de Justiie, ministrul Justiiei i prevd instituirea unor proceduri deo-
procurorul general), considernd c aceas- sebite de tragere la rspundere penal a
ta nu asigur independena deplin a siste- deputailor i preedintelui Republicii Mol-
mului judectoresc. Asta deoarece ponde- dova, precum i norme care stabilesc c
rea reprezentanilor corpului judectoresc independena i imparialitatea justiiei se
n Consiliul Superior al Magistraturii este asigur n condiiile legii.
minoritar n raport cu alte componente
Dei au fost realizate schimbri
ale acestuia, exponente ale voinei poli-
instituionale eseniale i a fost modificat
tice, lipsind n acest mod puterea judec-
cadrul legislativ, totui aceste schimbri
toreasc de arme defensive n raport cu
nu au conferit activitii actorilor din acest
puterea legislativ. Curtea Constituional
sector un nivel calitativ nou i nu au con-
nu a acceptat aceast sesizare spre exami-
dus la consolidarea unui sistem de justiie
nare n fond, deoarece obiectul ei excede
echitabil, corect i orientat spre necesitile
competenei avocatului parlamentar.
justiiabililor i prestarea unor servicii cali-
Cu toate acestea, potrivit opiniei tative i accesibile.
avocailor parlamentari, Consiliul Superior
Starea de lucruri la acest capitol rmne
al Magistraturii, element indispensabil ntr-
una ngrijortoare. Cel puin 397 de solici-
un stat de drept, garant al independenei
tani s-au adresat n anul 2012 la Centrul
judectorilor i al echilibrului ntre puterile
pentru Drepturile Omului, invocnd mai
legislativ, executiv i judectoreasc, tre-
multe obiecii la calitatea actului justiiei,
buie s reprezinte guvernarea autonom a
dintre care:
puterii judectoreti i s permit judec-
torilor s-i exercite funciile n afara con- n 147 de cazuri s-a reclamat tergi-
trolului puterilor executiv i legislativ. versarea examinrii cauzelor;
O alt modificare, operat n Legea n 49 cazuri neexecutarea hotr-
cu privire la statutul judectorului, ine rilor judectoreti;
de schimbarea procedurii de ridicare a n 105 cazuri - dezacordul cu sen-
inviolabilitii judectorului prin priva- tina/hotrrea pronunat;
rea Consiliului Superior al Magistraturii n 69 de cazuri - lezarea dreptului
de competena de a stabili existena sau la recurs eficient.
inexistena temeiurilor de pornire a urm-
Printre problemele sesizate figureaz
ririi penale sau contravenionale n privin-
i nerespectarea termenului de redactare a
a judectorului. Considernd c dreptul
hotrrilor judectoreti, ntrzierea comu-
procuraturii de a porni urmrirea penal n
nicrii acestora, nerespectarea termenului
privina judectorilor fr acordul Consiliu-
de nmnare a copiilor de pe sentine, ac-
lui Superior al Magistraturii nu este n spi-
tivitatea i comportamentul nesatisfctor
18
CAPITOLUL I

ale unor magistrai etc. Totodat, n urma pilot Olaru i alii v. Moldova n materia de
instituirii sistemului de executori privai i remediere a problemei sistemice privind
ajustrii procedurilor de executare la noul executarea hotrrilor judectoreti, moni-
concept de profesie liber a executorilor torizat cu strictee de Consiliul Europei,
judectoreti, au aprut i alte aspecte statul urmnd s ntreprind i alte msuri
ce in de realizarea dreptului la un proces generale privind respectarea termenelor
echitabil. rezonabile n cadrul examinrii cauzelor
Dei avocaii parlamentari au sesizat n de ctre instanele judectoreti. La 3 mai
repetate rnduri instanele judectoreti, 2012 Legea nr. 87 a fost modificat, Mi-
Consiliul Superior al Magistraturii, dup nisterului Justiiei revenindu-i sarcina de
caz, pe marginea multiplelor nclcri la a proba lipsa de nclcare a dreptului i de
acest capitol i au abordat aceste proble- a reprezenta statul n instana de judecat
me n rapoartele anterioare, situaia practic pe aceast categorie de cauze. Pn la ope-
nu s-a schimbat. rarea modificrii, aceste obligaii i reve-
neau Ministerului Finanelor. A fost concre-
Pentru a nu fi admis nclcarea ter-
tizat procedura de executare a hotrrilor
menului rezonabil la judecarea cauzelor
judectoreti privind contestarea nclcrii
sau la executarea hotrrilor judectoreti,
dreptului la judecarea n termen rezonabil
n anul 2011 au fost operate unele modi-
a cauzei sau a dreptului la executarea n
ficri n Codul de procedur civil, Codul
termen rezonabil a hotrrii judectoreti i
de procedur penal, Codul civil, Codul
repararea prejudiciului cauzat prin aceast
de executare. Astfel, au fost modificate
nclcare.
criterii de apreciere a termenului rezona-
bil, stabilit pentru procedura civil, penal Dei din adresrile parvenite la Cp-
i de executare (art. 192 CPC, art. 20 CPP, DOM este atestat faptul c cetenii tiu
art. 259 CPP, art. 70 CE) i legiferat drep- despre existena noului mecanism i i
tul participanilor la proces de a depune afirm intenia s conteste nclcarea aces-
cereri n cursul examinrii cauzei n faa tui drept, n rapoartele statistice de stat
instanelor judectoreti pentru accelera- despre activitatea primei instane privind
rea procesului, dac exist premise pentru judecarea cauzelor civile nu este reflecta-
nclcarea termenului rezonabil. Totodat, t situaia privind circulaia dosarelor civi-
a fost adoptat Legea privind repararea le din categoria vizat de cauze. n aceste
de ctre stat a prejudiciului cauzat prin mprejurri este dificil de apreciat impac-
nclcarea dreptului la judecarea n ter- tul schimbrilor n legislaie din anul 2011
men rezonabil a cauzei sau a dreptului la pentru aprarea dreptului la un proces
executarea n termen rezonabil a Hot- echitabil.
rrii judectoreti nr. 87 din 21.04.2011. n acelai timp, analiza comparativ a
Adoptarea acestei legi i a modificrilor statisticilor denot o cretere a numrului
la actele legislative enunate reprezint dosarelor aflate n examinare mai mult de
o racordare a cadrului naional la rigorile 12, 24 sau 36 de luni.
europene, precum i o executare a hotrrii
Categoria dosarelor Anul 2010 Anul 2012

12 luni 24luni 36 luni 12 luni 24 luni 36 luni
Dosare civile 1023 357 296 2299 472 251
Dosare penale 302 38 17 488 97 35
Adresrile cetenilor ctre avocaii funcionalitatea sistemului prin adoptarea

parlamentari confirm meninerea pro- regulilor i procedurilor de lucru, cadrul
blemelor n domeniul asistenei juridice normativ se afl n continu perfecionare,
garantate de stat. Dei a fost asigurat snt atestate probleme n partea ce ine de
19
calitatea asistenei juridice garantate de judectoreti. n situaia n care s-au dimi-

stat, acordarea asistenei juridice pe cau- nuat considerabil adresrile privind nee-
ze nonpenale, informarea insuficient a xecutarea hotrrilor, se atest o cretere
populaiei privind tipurile de servicii pre- a numrului plngerilor privind aciunile
state n sistemul de acordare a asistenei executorilor, mrimea exagerat a tarifelor
juridice garantate de stat i procedurilor percepute de executorii judectoreti pen-
necesare de urmat, ineficiena sistemu- tru efectuarea actelor de executare, moda-
lui de verificare a capacitii de plat a litatea de asigurare a executrii documen-
solicitanilor de asisten juridic garanta- telor executorii.
t de stat, ntrzierea extinderii reelei de La CpDOM continu s parvin plngeri
parajuriti la scar naional. cu privire la detenia ilegal a persoanelor,
dup expirarea termenului arestului pre-
ventiv sau al pedepsei penale.
n cadrul examinrii plngerii par-
venite de la ceteanul X. cu privire Dei ngrijorrile avocailor parlamen-
la neeliberarea din arestul preventiv tari referitor la acest subiect au fost reflec-
la momentul expirrii termenului sta- tate anterior25, instituiile responsabile ad-
bilit, s-a constatat c aceast situaie mit n continuare astfel de situaii. Avocaii
a fost generat de aciunile necon- parlamentari insist asupra consolidrii
forme ale judectorului. La sesizarea eforturilor tuturor autoritilor pentru asi-
avocatului parlamentar, organele gurarea respectrii dreptului la libertatea
procuraturii au declanat un control individual a persoanei, garantat de art. 25
n ordinea art. 274 din CPP. Urmare din Constituia Republicii Moldova i art. 5
a controlului efectuat de Inspecia din Convenia pentru aprarea drepturilor
judiciar, Consiliul Superior al Ma- omului i libertilor fundamentale care, n
gistraturii a atenionat judectorul paragraful 1 din articolul 5, definete pre-
asupra respectrii stricte a legislaiei zumia de libertate, drept de care nimeni
la judecarea cauzelor aflate n proce- nu poate fi privat dect n circumstane ex-
dur. cepionale. Aceast prezumie de libertate
ntr-un alt caz s-a constatat c este consolidat prin dou exigene: de a
ceteanul B. n privina cruia, n nu prelungi privaiunea de libertate dep-
baza hotrrii judectoreti, a ncetat ind termenul strict necesar i de a elibera
msura de reprimare arestul, a con- ct mai repede persoana interesat n mo-
tinuat s fie deinut n penitenciar n mentul n care privaiunea se dovedete a
decurs de 9 zile. n urma intervenirii fi nejustificat.
avocatului parlamentar, petiionarul
a fost pus n libertate, iar procuratu- n contextul problemelor abordate mai
ra militar a pornit urmrirea penal sus, datele privind petiiile nregistrate la
conform indicilor infraciunii prev- CpDOM n perioada anilor 2008-2012 de-
zute de art. 328 alin. 1 Cod penal, pe not c numrul de petiionari care au in-
faptul excesului de putere. vocat nclcarea dreptului de acces liber la
justiie rmne, cu mici excepii, unul con-
stant. (Anexa nr. 1).
Dup schimbarea modului de activitate Totodat, conform sondajului Barome-
profesional a executorilor judectoreti24, trul Opiniei Publice octombrie noiem-
cetenii au nceput s invoce aspec- brie 2012, doar 14,8 % dintre ceteni
te noi ce in de executarea hotrrilor au ncredere n justiie, ceea ce constituie
24
Legea privind executorii judectoreti nr. 113 din http://www.ombudsman.md/file/RAPOAR-
25
17.06.2010. TE%20PDF/Raport%202009%20redactat.pdf
20
CAPITOLUL I

cu 15 la sut mai puin dect n luna mai26. data nregistrrii acestuia de Comisia Elec-
Potrivit altui sondaj, realizat de Centrul de toral Central sau de consiliul electoral de
Analiz i Prevenire a Corupiei27, 50 la sut circumscripie i se ncheie n ziua votrii.
dintre cetenii care au avut de-a face cu Este de remarcat c dreptul de vot este
instanele judectoreti din Chiinu se inseparabil de libertatea de opinie i expri-
arat mulumii de felul cum au fost tratai mare, ca ideal i principiu de baz al socie-
de oamenii legii i aproape 70 la sut din tii democratice.
respondeni se arat nemulumii de con- Libertatea de opinie, libertatea de a
diiile n care au loc procesele de judecat. primi i a transmite informaii i idei, drept
n concluzie, modernizarea sistemului componente ale libertii de exprimare,
judectoresc presupune ridicarea nivelu- trebuie s fie exercitate n mod liber fr
lui profesional al judectorilor, asumarea amestecul autoritilor publice, cu excep-
principiilor de imparialitate, obiectivitate, ia exigenelor expres stipulate de legisla-
neangajare politic. Aceasta ar implica o ia n vigoare, or statul este obligat s justi-
consolidare a justiiei n ansamblu. Or, un fice orice limitare a libertii de exprimare.
sistem judiciar viabil reprezint unul dintre n perioada 2009-2012, n Republica
componentele principalele ale unei socie- Moldova s-au organizat numeroase cam-
ti democratice, deoarece toate aspectele panii electorale pentru alegeri parlamen-
vieii sociale se regsesc n el. tare, alegeri locale generale i referendum,
n al cror cadru mass-media avnd un rol
3. Dreptul de vot i dreptul de a important n monitorizarea i informarea
fi ales publicului referitor la desfurarea acesto-
ra. Cele mai relevante aspecte privind re-
alizarea dreptului de vot au fost incluse n
n categoria drepturilor exclusiv politi-
Raportul tematic al CpDOM Dreptul de vot
ce snt incluse cele care au ca obiect parti-
i dreptul de a fi ales28.
ciparea cetenilor la conducerea statului,
i anume drepturile electorale. Prin vot Totui un aspect important al dreptului
cetenii pot influena procesul decizional de vot care necesit a fi menionat este ne-
public. exercitarea acestuia din cauza unor restric-
ii condiionate.
Obligaia afirmativ a statelor de a
proteja dreptul de vot al cetenilor este Alineatul 2 al articolului 13 din Codul
recunoscut n tratatele internaionale i Electoral statueaz o restricie suplimen-
declaraiile adoptate de Organizaia Nai- tar la cea indicat n Legea Suprem, care
unilor Unite, organizaiile regionale, cum prevede c nu au dreptul de a alege per-
snt Consiliul Europei i Organizaia State- soanele care snt recunoscute incapabile prin
lor Americane. hotrre definitiv a instanei de judecat.
Despre existena unor astfel de cazuri Minis-
Pentru a-l determina pe alegtor s-i
terul Justiiei informeaz primarul, iar dup
exprime dreptul de vot n favoarea unui
implementarea Registrului de stat al aleg-
sau altui concurent electoral, statul, prin
torilor Comisia Electoral Central.
instrumentele i mecanismele sale legis-
lative, organizeaz o campanie electoral, Atunci cnd mecanismul de control i
care ncepe pentru fiecare concurent la monitorizare a procesului de declarare a
incapacitii persoanelor este incomplet
http://www.ipp.md/public/files/Barometru/Bro-
26
sau lipsete, aceast restricie este utilizat
sura_BOP_05.2012.pdf ilegal. Or, o statistic clar pe ar sau un
http://trm.md/ro/social/sondaj-50-din-chisinau-
27
ieni-snt-multumiti-de-activitatea-instantelor-ju-
decatoresti/ http://www.ombudsman.md/md/tematice/
28
21
registru privind identitatea i numrul de asigurat de legislaia n vigoare29.

persoane declarate incapabile la momen- La solicitare, Instituia avocailor par-
tul actual nu exist. lamentari a fost informat de Consiliul Co-
O limitare voalat a dreptului de vot ordonator al Audiovizualului (CCA) c, ur-
are loc n cazul persoanelor cu dizabiliti mare a sesizrilor adresate CCA din partea
fizice. persoanelor cu deficiene de auz i ale Aso-
ciaiei Surzilor din Moldova, postul public
de televiziune Moldova 1 a reluat, dup ce
Dei autoritile publice locale i cen-
a sistat anterior, interpretarea unui buletin
trale i Comisia Electoral Central la fie-
de tiri n limbajul mimico-gestual. n pre-
care scrutin au ncercat s faciliteze accesul
zent, toate posturile TV din ar subtitrea-
persoanelor cu dizabiliti n sediile sec-
z filmele artistice, documentare, buletine-
iilor de votare, amenajndu-le n cores-
le informative, prezentnd fluxul informativ
pundere cu normele minime standard, nu
prin intermediul crawl-rilor (benzi rulante
toate persoanele cu deficiene locomotorii
n partea de jos a ecranului), fapt salutat de
ajung la urna de vot. Totodat, alegtorul
CpDOM.
care nu este n stare s completeze de sine
stttor buletinul de vot are dreptul s in- Totodat, Instituia avocailor parla-
vite n cabin o alt persoan, cu excepia mentari consider c includerea printre
membrilor biroului seciei de votare, repre- evenimentele de importan major a emi-
zentanilor concurenilor electorali i a per- siunilor cu caracter electoral, prin ajusta-
soanelor autorizate s asiste la operaiile rea prevederilor alin.3 al art. 13 din Codul
electorale. Audiovizualului i majorarea timpului mi-
nim de interpretare mimico-gestual al
Situaiile menionate reflect o lips
emisiunilor televizate, ar spori gradul de re-
de ncredere n privina corectitudinii unor
alizare a drepturilor constituionale, inclu-
astfel de voturi, or, indiferent de statutul
siv al celui de vot, al persoanelor cu autism.
persoanei care acord ajutor alegtorului
cu dizabilitate, aceasta ar putea influena CpDOM a monitorizat realizarea drep-
decizia ultimului. E de notat c unul dintre tului de vot n UTA Gguzia, unde pe 9 i
principiile eseniale ale patrimoniului elec- 23 septembrie 2012, s-au desfurat ale-
toral prevede c votul este secret. geri n Adunarea Popular Gguzia (APG).
Acesta a fost al cincilea scrutin care a avut
O atare situaie se refer i la persoane-
loc n APG din momentul adoptrii de c-
le nevztoare care la fel se afl n impo-
tre Parlamentul Republicii Moldova a Legii
sibilitatea de a participa la administrare
privind statutul juridic special al Gguzi-
prin participare la procesul de votare. Or,
ei (Gguz-Yeri) nr.344 din 23 decembrie
pn la momentul actual implementarea
1994.
votrii prin buletinele de vot cu caractere
Braille, conform informaiei CEC, nu poate n cadrul alegerilor urmau s fie alei 35
fi realizat deoarece este una dificil i cos- de deputai n organul reprezentativ i le-
tisitoare. Mai mult, n acest sens lipsesc re- gislativ din UTA Gguzia. Astfel, scrutinul
glementri legislative care ar stabili expres s-a desfurat n 35 de circumscripii elec-
ntocmirea buletinelor de vot cu caractere torale.
Braille. Condiiile inechitabile create n privin-
Un rol prioritar n procesul de exercita- a persoanelor care au candidat n diferite
re a dreptului de vot pentru persoanele cu circumscripii, insuficiena resurselor fi-
autism l are interpretarea informaiei elec- nanciare n perioada electoral, lipsa unei
torale n limbajul mimico-gestual care este agitaii electorale efective, calitatea listelor
29
Art.13 al.4 din Codul Audiovizualului Republicii
Moldova.
22
CAPITOLUL I

electorale i alte aspecte din cadrul scruti- cailor parlamentari a ajuns la concluzia
nului au fost exhaustiv descrise n raportul c, n pofida evoluiilor democratice din
tematic al CpDOM30. ultimii ani, n Republica Moldova mai exis-
Urmare a analizei situaiei cu privire la t probleme n ceea ce privete exercitarea
realizarea dreptului de vot, Instituia avo- dreptului de vot i de a fi ales.
http://www.ombudsman.md/md/tematice/
30

Informarea alegtorilor despre programele partidelor politice; asigurarea accesu-
lui liber la listele electorale;
Revizuirea cadrului legislativ, n scopul de a crea i a mputernici un organ specia-
lizat (comisie, comitet etc.) care ar monitoriza la nivel central, dar i local procesul de
realizare a dreptului de vot a persoanelor care se afl n dificultate (familii vulnerabile,
persoane n etate, persoane cu deficiene mentale i locomotorii etc.);
Asigurarea condiiilor adecvate pentru toate categoriile de persoane care i exer-
cit dreptul de vot att pe durata ntregii campanii electorale, ct i n ziua votrii, pre-
cum i distribuirea resurselor i mijloacelor tehnice n mod egal tuturor candidailor.
4. Libertatea de ntrunire Libertatea ntrunirilor nu poate fi diso-

i de asociere ciat de libertatea opiniei i a exprimrii, un
alt drept fundamental protejat de Consti-
tuie i actele internaionale din domeniu,
Avocaii parlamentari cu diferite oca-
fiind esenial pentru o participare activ i
zii au reiterat c libertatea ntrunirilor sau
deplin a persoanei la viaa social. Proteja-
dreptul de a se ntruni este un drept politic
rea i realizarea drepturilor indicate are ca
fundamental accesibil tuturor. n virtutea
efect ncurajarea dialogului, prevenirea ac-
acestui drept, un grup de persoane are po-
telor discriminatorii, cunoaterea mai pro-
sibilitatea s se ntruneasc ntr-un anumit
fund a problemelor cu care se confrunt
loc n mod panic i fr arme, licit i n con-
societatea, adoptarea, n instan final, a
formitate cu legea.
unor msuri legate de aprarea drepturilor
Acest drept este prevzut de art. 20 din omului.
Declaraia Universal a Drepturilor Omului,
Pe 12 iulie 2012 Parlamentul a adop-
art. 21 din Pactul internaional cu privire la
tat Legea pentru completarea unor acte
drepturile civile i politice, art. 11 din Con-
legislative nr. 19231. Potrivit modificrilor
venia European pentru Drepturile Omu-
operate, partidelor politice li se interzice
lui, regsindu-se i n Constituia Republicii
utilizarea simbolurilor regimului comu-
Moldova n art.40. Norma constituional
nist totalitar, precum i promovarea ide-
declar c mitingurile, demonstraiile, ma-
ologiilor totalitare sub riscul sancionrii
nifestrile, procesiunile sau orice alte ntru-
contravenionale.
niri snt libere i se pot organiza i desfu-
ra n mod panic, fr niciun fel de arme. CEDO, care din 12 septembrie 1997 este
Legea privind ntrunirile nr. 26-XVI din parte integrant a sistemului naional de
22.02.2008 reglementeaz detaliat modul drept, proclam n alin. 1 art. 10 c exerci-
i procedura desfurrii ntrunirilor, fiind tarea libertii de opinie i libertatea de a
prevzut i rspunderea pentru nclcarea
prevederilor legale. Art. 4 din Legea privind partidele politice nr. 294
31
din 21.12.2007, art. 3 din Legea cu privire la liber-

tatea de exprimare nr. 64 din 23.04.2010, art. 671
din Codul contravenional.
23
primi sau de a comunica informaii ori idei i autoritile, n unele cazuri, pot aplica re-
poate fi supus unor formaliti, condiii, restricii care trebuie s corespund normelor
strngeri sau sanciuni, prevzute de lege, care constituionale i celor prevzute de Con-
constituie msuri necesare, ntr-o societate venia European a Drepturilor Omului. n
democratic, pentru securitatea naional, virtutea Conveniei, restriciile impuse de
integritatea teritorial sau sigurana public, autoriti pot fi legale, dac ele snt prev-
aprarea ordinii i prevenirea infraciunilor, zute de lege, au un scop legitim i snt ne-
protecia sntii sau a moralei, protecia cesare ntr-o societate democratic pentru
reputaiei sau a drepturilor altora, pen- atingerea acestui scop. Anume aceste trei
tru a mpiedica divulgarea de informaii cerine snt analizate de ctre Curtea Eu-
confideniale sau pentru a garanta autorita- ropean a Drepturilor Omului atunci cnd
tea i imparialitatea puterii judectoreti32. este sesizat cu o anumit cauz.
CtEDO, n cauza Vajnai versus Ungaria Exercitarea drepturilor enunate n une-
(hotrrea din 8 iulie 2008), n baza unei le cazuri pot fi de conflict, deoarece ntru-
analize exhaustive, a apreciat n ce msur nirile se desfoar n locuri publice i pe
restrngerea, n sensul alin. 2 al art. 10 din ci publice, fapt ce poate nemulumi o alt
CEDO, este necesar ntr-o societate demo-
cratic. Drept criteriu determinant a fost
Conform datelor MAI, pe parcur-
identificat necesitatea social presant,
sul anului 2012 pe teritoriul Repu-
context n care Curtea a statuat c Guver-
blicii Moldova au fost desfurate
nul nu a demonstrat n niciun fel c exist
10223 de ntruniri cu caracter divers,
vreun pericol real i actual de a se instau-
la care au participat cca 3126932
ra printr-o micare politic dictatura co-
persoane. Din numrul total, 5667
munist i nu a demonstrat existena unei
de ntruniri au avut caracter social-
ameninri de natur s justifice interdicia
politic, inclusiv 907 aciuni de pro-
n discuie.
test; 327ntlniri ale conducerii rii
innd cont c Republica Moldova cu populaia; 34 delegaii oficiale;
deja mai bine de 20 de ani constant i 1347 aciuni cultural-artistice; 447
perfecioneaz mecanismele democrati- aciuni sportive i 2754 de reuniuni
ce, demonstrnd prin procese de reform cu caracter religios.
dorina de a se ndeprta de trecutul to-
talitar, CpDOM este profund ngrijorat de
caracterul dur al interdiciei care, la mo- categorie de persoane, care nu mprtesc
mentul adoptrii Legii nr. 192, nu constituia aceleai idei lansate de manifestani.
o nevoie social presant. Aceeai opinie este susinut i de MAI,
Faptul dat plaseaz Republica Moldova care, urmnd recomandrile din Planul na-
ntr-un pericol iminent de a fi condamnat ional de aciuni n domeniul drepturilor
de CtEDO pentru nclcarea articolelor 10 i omului pentru anii 2011-2014, a efectuat
11 din Convenia pentru aprarea dreptu- evalurile de rigoare pe marginea unor se-
rilor omului i a libertilor fundamentale. minare instructive desfurate pe parcursul
anului 2012, unde au fost puse n discuii
Att libertatea de ntrunire, ct i liberta-
diferite subiecte privind desfurarea ntru-
tea de exprimare nu snt drepturi absolute
nirilor33. n consecin, s-a ajuns la concluzia
c exist multiple lacune n organizarea i
32
La 18 septembrie 2012 un grup de deputai ai
desfurarea ntrunirilor, precum i la com-
PCRM au depus la Curtea Constituional sesiza-
rea privind controlul constituionalitii Legii nr. partimentul asigurarea ordinii de drept,
192 din 12 iulie 2012 pentru completarea unor fapt care mpiedic folosirea n regim obi-
acte legislative care vizeaz interzicerea utilizrii nuit a drumurilor publice, a transportului n
de ctre partidele politice a simbolurilor regimu- comun, funcionarea normal a instituiilor
lui comunist totalitar, precum i promovarea ide-
ologiilor totalitare.
33
Nota Informativ a MAI nr. 6/593 din 07.03.2013.
24
CAPITOLUL I

publice i private, de nvmnt etc., ori nizatorul este supus doar pedepsei admi-
poate conduce la nclcarea ordinii i linitii nistrative. Acesta poate fi supus unei alte
pedepse doar n cazul n care se dovedete
n instana de judecat c participanii au
Conform informaiei MAI, angajaii
acionat la chemarea organizatorului, dei
Serviciului ofieri operativi de sector
garantarea desfurrii panice a ntruni-
din cadrul subdiviziunilor de poliie,
rii i-o asum anume organizatorul.
n perioada de referin au ncheiat
186 procese-verbale cu privire la con- Necesitatea mbuntirii cadrului legal
travenii pentru abateri de la preve- ce vizeaz aspectul ntrunirilor i aciuni-
derile legislaiei cu privire la ntruniri. lor cu caracter public este susinut i de
MAI35, care n acest scop a elaborat proiec-
tul de lege privind modul de asigurare i
restabilire a ordinii publice n cadrul eveni-
publice, sigurana persoanelor, integritatea mentelor publice.
corporal etc.
Avocaii parlamentari reitereaz c
n acest sens poate fi invocat exemplul pentru neadmiterea unor ciocniri violente,
desfurrii ntrunirilor din 05.08.2012 n att organizatorii, ct i organele adminis-
or. Bli, care au fost monitorizate de Insti- traiei publice locale, mpreun cu forele
tuia avocailor parlamentari. Avocaii par- de meninere a ordinii publice, trebuie s
lamentari au apreciat c prevederile Legii ia msurile corespunztoare prevzute
privind ntrunirile nr.26 din 22.02.2008 de lege, iar aceasta urmeaz a fi adus n
snt mult prea generale, ceea ce las loc concordan cu standardele europene, or
pentru interpretri i abateri de la norma aceste msuri implic obligaia pozitiv a
legal privind desfurarea ntrunirilor cu autoritilor n aprarea integritii mani-
caracter panic. Astfel, Instituia avocailor festanilor.
parlamentari consider necesar revizui-
Totodat, se impune de menionat c
rea i amendarea Legii privind ntrunirile
n 2012 s-a atestat o scdere a numrului
nr.26 din 22.02.2008, n special n partea ce
nclcrilor dreptului la ntruniri publice i
ine de atribuiile organizatorilor, ale per-
manifestri religioase. Acest fapt se dato-
soanelor mputernicite i participanilor la
reaz nu n ultimul rnd dialogului dintre
ntruniri. Se impun modificri i la compar-
comunitile religioase, societatea civil i
timentele notificarea desfurrii ntruniri-
autoritile publice n vederea identificrii
lor cu referin la specificarea modului de
problemelor cu care se confrunt acestea i
declarare a desfurrii ntrunirilor de ctre
crearea unui climat de toleran i respect
persoanele fizice i juridice, innd cont de
reciproc.
forma acestora precum i ntocmirea unui
formular-tip al declaraiei pentru desfu- n perioada de referin, CpDOM a pro-
rarea ntrunirii; privind utilizarea simbolu- movat ideea privind libertatea ntrunirilor.
rilor, frazelor etc., n cadrul ntrunirilor. Un n comunicatele de pres36 plasate pe pa-
subiect aparte este rspunderea organiza- gina web a instituiei a fost reiterat impor-
torilor i participanilor la ntruniri. n acest tana pluralismului de opinii, nonviolenei,
sens, potrivit CpDOM, condiiile de rspun- toleranei, care snt valori supreme ntr-un
dere pentru desfurarea aciunii poart stat democratic i trebuie respectate.
caracter discriminatoriu deoarece partici-
panii ar putea fi supui tuturor formelor
de rspundere legislativ34. Totodat orga-
Nota Informativ al MAI nr.6/593 din 07.03.2013
35
Art.23 al.1 din Legea privind ntrunirile nr.26 din

34
http://www.ombudsman.md/md/newslst/
36
22.02.2008. 1211/1/5876/
25

Amendarea art. 40 din Constituia Republicii Moldova n vederea racordrii acestuia
la prevederile Conveniei Europene pentru Aprarea Drepturilor Omului i a Libertilor
Fundamentale;
Revizuirea Legii privind ntrunirile nr.26 din 22.02.2008, prin prisma argumentelor
invocate mai sus precum i elaborarea unui mecanism ce ar permite implementarea
eficient a legii;
Consolidarea rolului i a capacitilor subiecilor implicai n asigurarea realizrii li-
bertii de ntrunire: autoritile administraiei publice locale, organele de drept i orga-
nizatorii/ participanii ntrunirilor;
Dezvoltarea capacitilor reprezentanilor autoritilor administraiei publice locale
de gestionare a ntrunirilor i cooperare cu organizatorii;
Instruirea profesional continu a cadrelor poliiei privind calificarea juridic a aci-
unilor organizatorilor i participanilor la ntruniri;
Crearea unitilor specializate de poliiti, responsabili de controlul i supraveghe-
rea bunei desfurri a ntrunirilor, ce ar putea fi dislocate, dup caz, pentru facilitarea
ntrunirilor;
Consolidarea relaiilor de cooperare dintre poliie i autoritile locale ntru asigu-
rarea realizrii libertii de ntrunire i aplicarea eficient a prevederilor Legii privind
ntrunirile.
5. Libertatea de gndire, conti- tice, adoptat de ctre Adunarea General

in i religie a O.N.U. la 16 decembrie 1966, care n cele
trei paragrafe enun:
Oricrui cetean i este garantat li- 1. Nimeni nu trebuie s aib ceva de
bertatea gndirii, a opiniei, precum i liber- suferit din pricina opiniilor sale.
tatea exprimrii n public prin cuvnt, ima- 2. Orice persoan are dreptul la liberta-
gine sau prin alt mijloc posibil. Libertatea tea de exprimare, acest drept cuprin-
exprimrii nu poate prejudicia onoarea, delibertatea de a cuta, de a primi i
demnitatea sau dreptul altei persoane la de a rspndi informaii i idei de orice
viziune proprie37. fel, indiferentde frontiere, sub form
Pe plan internaionaln premier acest oral, scris, tiprit ori artistic sau
drept a fost consacrat narticolul 19 dinDe- prin orice alt mijloc laalegerea sa.
claraia Universal a Drepturilor Omului, 3. Exercitarea libertilor prevzute n
proclamat de Adunarea General a O.N.U. paragraful 2 al prezentului articol
la 10 decembrie 1948: Orice persoan are comport ndatoriri speciale. n con-
dreptul la libertatea de opinie i exprimare, secin ea poate fi supus anumitor
ceea ce implic dreptul de a nu fi nelinitit limitri care trebuie ns stabilite n
pentru opiniile sale i acela de a cuta, de mod expres prin lege i care snt ne-
a primi i de a rspndi, fr consideraii de cesare respectrii drepturilor i re-
frontier, informaii i idei prin orice mijloc putaiei altora i aprrii securitii
de exprimare. naionale, ordinii publice, sntii i
Principiul enunat de Declaraie a fost moralitiipublice.
dezvoltat narticolul 19 din Pactul interna- Libertatea de exprimare a opiniei inclu-
ional cu privire la drepturile civile i poli- de mai multe drepturi fundamentale, ea
estelibertatea mam a tuturor drepturilor
37
Art. 32 din Constituia Republicii Moldova. de comunicare, strns legat degarantarea
demnitii umane, ocupnd un loc deosebit
26
CAPITOLUL I

de important n rndullibertilor constitu- tot potenialul, pentru a furniza indicatori
ionale. cu privire la aspectele etice i civice, care au
Posibilitatea declarrii libere a concep- un rol important n cadrul comunitii nai-
iilor, percepiilor, ideilor, chiar i celor ne- onale, fie religioase sau laice39.
populare sau incomode este baza oricrei Legea privind libertatea de contiin,
societi, motorul progresului comunitii de gndire i de religie definete activitatea
i al individului. religioas desfurat de ctre cult ca o acti-
n cadrul vizitei la Chiinu din luna no- vitate orientat spre satisfacerea necesiti-
iembrie 2012, reprezentanii Comisiei Euro- lor spirituale ale credincioilor (rspndirea
pene mpotriva rasismului i intoleranei au nvturii de credin, educaia religioas,
avut o ntrevedere cu avocaii parlamentari, oficierea serviciilor religioase, desfurarea
precum i cu ali demnitari de stat. Exper- aciunilor de binecuvntare i propovdui-
ii au fcut unele aprecieri privind situaia re, instruirea i perfecionarea deservenilor
libertii de religie n Republica Moldova, cultelor religioase), precum i alt activitate
evoluiile i regresele constatate n acest orientat spre asigurarea organizatoric i
domeniu, au fost evideniate o serie de material a practicilor de cult (editarea i di-
provocri existente n Republica Moldova. fuzarea literaturii cu coninut religios, pro-
Printre acestea se numr manifestrile de ducerea i rspndirea obiectelor de cult,
intoleran, lipsa dialogului dintre adepii confecionarea vemintelor de cult etc.).
diferitor religii i credine, inclusiv cei care Mai mult, art. 15 din Legea nominaliza-
se identific drept necredincioi, lipsa n t reglementeaz raporturile dintre stat i
curriculumul de nvmnt a disciplinelor cultele religioase, enunnd c toate cultele
axate pe promovarea toleranei, omisiu- religioase snt autonome, separate de stat,
nea rolului comunitii religioase n crearea egale n drepturi n faa legii i a autoriti-
premiselor pentru un climat de toleran i lor publice, iar statul i instituiile lui pot n-
respect reciproc, precum i realizarea de- treine relaii de cooperare cu orice cult re-
fectuoas a obligaiilor negative i pozitive ligios i pot ncheia, dup caz, acorduri sau
de ctre stat38. convenii de cooperare cu orice cult religios
Cultele religioase snt parte integrant sau cu prile componente ale acestuia.
a societii i, prin urmare, trebuie s fie n procesul actualizrii i revizuirii ca-
considerate instituii nfiinate de i prin drului juridic naional, legiuitorul a avut n
implicarea cetenilor, care au dreptul la li- vedere principiile i standardele internai-
bertatea de religie, dar, de asemenea, ca or- onale, ncorporndu-le implicit i explicit n
ganizaii care snt parte a societii civile cu legislaie.
Remarcm c n 2012 Centrul pentru
Garantarea libertii de gndire, de contiin i
38
Drepturile Omului nu a fost sesizat cu petiii
de religie presupune, n primul rnd, obligaia
negativ n sarcina autoritilor statale de a nu
ce ar aborda deficiene cu privire la asigura-
ntreprinde nici un fel de aciuni sau de a nu li se rea libertii de gndire, contiin i religie.
putea reproa nici o omisiune de natur a restrn-
ge exerciiul efectiv al acestor liberti. Obligaiile
pozitive constau n adoptarea unor msuri ce au
ca scop evitarea producerii unei situaii n care o Recomandarea 1804 (2007) a Adunrii Parlamen-
39
persoan s fie perturbat n exerciiul unui cult tare a Consiliului Europei privind statul, religia,
prin activitatea altei persoane. secularismul i drepturile omului.
27

Angajarea reprezentanilor grupurilor religioase ntr-un dialog, drept o premis
fundamental n eradicarea actelor de intoleran i/ sau a incitrii la ur religioas, pro-
movarea diversitii i consolidarea culturii de comunicare;
Revizuirea reglementrilor existente i a practicilor de nregistrare a entitilor religi-
oase, n vederea asigurrii dreptului tuturor persoanelor de a-i manifesta convingerile
religioase, singur sau n comunitate cu alii, n public sau n privat, indiferent de statutul
de nregistrare, n conformitate cu recomandrile i standardele internaionale;
Introducerea n curriculumul colar a disciplinelor axate pe informarea despre exis-
tena diversitii de religii i confesiuni, ntru excluderea stereotipurilor i prejudecilor
ce persist n societate.
6. Dreptul la ocrotirea sntii exact pn unde se extind preocuprile de

sntate public i n ce msur domeniile
Sntatea este o valoare n sine i o adiacente (mediul, securitatea produselor
precondiie pentru prosperitatea economi- alimentare, veterinaria, fitosanitaria, securi-
c. Din aceste considerente asigurarea s- tatea la locul de munc, protecia anumitor
ntii publice este una dintre principalele grupuri sociale etc.) snt obiect al preocu-
prioriti ale fiecrui stat, iar politica n do- prilor instituiilor de sntate public. De
meniul sntii prevede dreptul tuturor de altfel, aceste sfere snt trecute n legislaia
a avea acces la asisten medical de nalt Uniunii Europene drept domenii ale sn-
calitate. Prin politica pe care o promoveaz, tii, ntruct ele determin n mare msur
Republica Moldova i-a propus: starea de sntate a populaiei40. Or, ajus-
tarea cadrului legal la rigorile i standarde-
s previn mbolnvirile; le Uniunii Europene, precum i elaborarea
s protejeze i s promoveze snta- unor noi acte normative snt condiii obli-
tea populaiei; gatorii pentru implementarea Politicii Na-
s mbunteasc calitatea vieii. ionale de Sntate41, stabilite prin decizie
n prezent legislaia n domeniu este politic, pe termen de 15 ani.
reprezentat de mai multe acte legislative, Pe lng asigurarea unui cadru normativ
hotrri ale Guvernului i documente apro- eficient i performant este necesar pro-
bate de Ministerul Sntii i alte autoriti movarea standardelor, valorilor morale su-
publice, concepute n diferite perioade ale preme, principiilor i normelor de conduit
statalitii, fiecare purtnd amprenta strii obligatorii pentru toi membrii comunitii
sociale, nelegerii perspectivelor de guver- medicale. Lucrtorii medicali au obliga-
nare i filosofiei juridice ale timpului su. ia de a apra sntatea zic i mintal a
Dei Legea ocrotirii sntii nr. 411 din omului, de a promova un mod sntos de
28.03.1995 i alte acte normative au suferit via, de a preveni mbolnvirile i de a uu-
numeroase modificri, n prezent aa i nu ra suferinele, respectnd dreptul la via i
exist o definire juridic elocvent a prin- demnitate al fiinei umane. Din adresrile
cipalelor componente ale sistemului de s- parvenite la CpDOM i din subiectele me-
ntate, mai nti de toate a serviciilor medi- diatizate pe parcursul anului, avocaii par-
cale i a sntii publice. Adoptarea Legii lamentari constat ns c frecvent medicii
cu privire la supravegherea de stat a snt-
ii publice nr. 10 din 03.02.2009 a constituit 40
Strategia European n domeniul sntii,
un pas nsemnat spre asigurarea condiiilor http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/public_
health/european_health_strategy
pentru realizarea maxim a potenialului
de sntate al fiecrui individ pe parcur-
41
Hotrrea Guvernului Republicii Moldova cu pri-
vire la aprobarea Politicii Naionale de Sntate
sul ntregii viei. Aceasta totui nu explic nr. 886 din 06.08.2007
28
CAPITOLUL I

nu-i onoreaz pe deplin atribuiile de ser- re, legate de sntate, continu s fie sub-
viciu. Beneficiarii de servicii medicale i ex- stanial pentru populaia rural, care este
prim nemulumirile fa de funcionarea nevoit s se deplaseze la distane mari
sistemului asigurrii obligatorii de asisten pentru a beneficia de consultaii medicale,
medical i costurile sporite ale poliei de investigaii medicale, pentru a procura me-
asigurare, fa de calitatea serviciilor acor- dicamente.
date n sistemul ocrotirii sntii i plile Trecerea la noul model de oferire a
neoficiale, atitudinea iresponsabil a an- asistenei medicale s-a fcut fr o cam-
gajailor din sistem i insuficiena cuno- panie adecvat de informare a populaiei.
tinelor sau experienei pentru asigurarea Informarea insuficient despre necesitatea
unei asistene corespunztoare, indiferena asigurrii medicale, condiiile de acces la
i lipsa respectului fa de pacieni, inclusiv serviciile medicale i efectele juridice ale
dup moartea acestora, nclcarea de ctre neasigurrii este motivul din care unii po-
membrii comunitii medicale a drepturi- teniali solicitani rmn n afara sistemului
lor pacientului. Astfel, nu au rmas n afara public de asigurare. Cetenii nu i cunosc
ateniei avocailor parlamentari cazurile de drepturile i obligaiile privind asigurarea
infectare sau presupus infectare cu TBC n medical, nu cunosc deloc sau au cunotin-
cteva instituiile de nvmnt din ar; cel e sumare despre sistemul asigurrii obli-
al decesului unui pacient din raionul Ocni- gatorii de asisten medical i serviciile
a, urmare a interveniei inadecvate situai- medicale acoperite de polia de asigurare.
ei a echipei de asisten medical; privind
Pornind de la obligativitatea asigurrii
organizarea i calitatea serviciilor medicale
medicale, legiuitorul a instituit un meca-
acordate n instituiile medico-sanitare pu-
nism de identificare a persoanelor fizice
blice, inclusiv a celei perinatale; privind ero-
care nu au achitat prima de asigurare n
rile n stabilirea diagnosticului i acordarea
termenul stabilit de legislaie i42 a prev-
asistenei medicale; privind alimentarea
zut rspundere contravenional pentru
nesatisfctoare a copiilor i calitatea rea
neplata primelor de asigurare obligatorie
a produselor alimentare n unele instituii
de asisten medical43. Raportnd msuri-
precolare; privind starea sanitaro-epide-
le ntreprinse de stat ndreptate spre acu-
miologic dezastruoas din strzile centra-
mularea fondurilor asigurrii obligatorii de
le ale unei localiti, generat de amplasa-
asisten medical la cuantumul primei de
rea unei piee agroalimentare ilegale .a.
asigurare obligatorie de asisten medical,
la veniturile populaiei, la accesibilitatea i
Asigurarea obligatorie de asis- calitatea serviciilor acordate, avocaii parla-
ten medical mentari consider c sistemul actual al asi-
gurrii obligatorii de asisten medical nu
Republica Moldova s-a angajat s for- i-a atins scopul oferirea unui sistem auto-
tifice sistemul de sntate n vederea rea- nom garantat de stat de protecie financiar
lizrii depline a dreptului ceteanului la a populaiei n domeniul ocrotirii sntii
sntate, bazat pe principii de echitate i i oferirea posibilitilor egale n obinerea
angajamente solidare de finanare din par- asistenei medicale oportune i calitative tu-
tea statului i a individului. Dei Legea cu turor cetenilor Republicii Moldova.
privire la asigurarea obligatorie de asisten
medical ofer posibiliti egale n obine- Regulamentul privind controlul achitrii primelor
42
rea asistenei medicale oportune i calita- de asigurare obligatorie de asisten medical

tive tuturor cetenilor asigurai, indiferent n sum fix, aprobat prin Hotrrea Guvernului
nr.1015 din 5 septembrie 2005.
de mrimea primei de asigurare pltite, n 43
Art. 266 din Codul Contravenional: Neplata
realitate, datorit unor cauze obiective i
primelor de asigurare obligatorie de asisten-
subiective, accesul la aceste servicii rmne medical n termenul stabilit de legislaie se
redus pentru unele categorii de populaie. sancioneaz cu amend de la 25 la 55 de uniti
Povara cheltuielilor financiare suplimenta- convenionale.
29
n termenul specificat n lege44, exist un

Avocaii parlamentari au reinut
segment al populaiei nemulumite de ac-
spre examinare mai multe cazuri n
iunile statului n domeniu, considernd c
care cetenii nu au putut s treac
anume acesta este chemat s ntreprind
la alt instituie medico-sanitar n
msuri pentru a asigura un cadru favorabil,
legtur cu schimbarea locului de
echitabil pentru toi, ce ar permite fiecrui
trai. S-a constatat c aceast situaie
om s beneficieze de poli de asigurare i,
este generat att de birocratismul
respectiv, de serviciile acordate n cadrul
angajailor instituiilor medico-sa-
asigurrii obligatorii de asisten medical.
nitare publice ncadrate n sistemul
asigurrii obligatorii de asisten Standardul sczut de via n Republica
medical, ct i de imperfeciunea Moldova, condiiile oferite de sistemul me-
cadrului normativ de domeniu. dical de stat i dezvoltarea vertiginoas a
Aceste cazuri au servit temei pentru serviciilor medicale private duc, treptat, la
propunerea de modificare a Regula- o polarizare n ceea ce privete accesul la
mentului cu privire la nregistrarea serviciile de sntate echitabile, calitative
populaiei n instituia medico-sani- i oportune, fapt cu consecine pe termen
tar ce presteaz asisten medical lung asupra strii de sntate a populaiei
primar n cadrul asigurrii obligato- i n contradicie cu principiile egalitii i
rii de asisten medical nr. 627/163A echitii sociale. n timp ce un segment al
din 09.09.2010, aprobat prin ordinul populaiei are acces la servicii performante,
comun al MS i CNAM . oferite de clinici i laboratoare private din
ar i de peste hotare i medicamente efi-
Cetenii semnaleaz ateptarea pre- ciente costisitoare, un alt segment al popu-
lungit pentru a beneficia de consultaie laiei are probleme n accesarea asistenei
medical, reticena medicilor la prescrierea i medicaiei de calitate i, ceea ce este mai
medicamentelor compensate, accesul ane- grav, chiar n accesarea asistenei primare.
voios la medicamentele compensate n lo-
calitile rurale, procedura defectuoas de Controlul i profilaxia tuberculozei
nregistrare a populaiei n instituiile medi-
co-sanitare ce presteaz asisten medical Conform datelor Organizaiei Mondiale
primar n cadrul asigurrii obligatorii de a Sntii (OMS), Republica Moldova se si-
asisten medical, accesul redus la servicii- tueaz n zona cu cea mai mare inciden
le medicale de urgen. a tuberculozei dintre rile europene, care
Unii petiionari nencadrai n cmpul continu s rmn una dintre cele mai rs-
muncii i exprim dezacordul fa de ho- pndite maladii n rndul populaiei. Motive-
trrile instanelor judectoreti privind n- le snt condiiile social-economice nefavo-
casarea costului poliei de asigurare i a pe- rabile, agravarea structurii formelor clinice
nalitilor de ntrziere n cazul neachitrii n de tuberculoz, apariia formelor clinice de
termen a primelor de asigurare obligatorie tuberculoz multidrogrezistente etc.
de asisten medical. Aceast categorie Avnd n vedere c n ultimii doi ani au
de ceteni invoc imposibilitatea achitrii avut loc mai multe cazuri de contaminare
primei de asigurare obligatorie de asisten cu tuberculoz n instituiile de nvmnt
medical calculat n sum fix n valoare din ar (coala-internat din s. Crihana Ve-
absolut, prin lipsa unor venituri stabile i che, r-nul Cahul, grdinia de copii din or.
situaia financiar precar. Dei Guvernul Dondueni, grdinia de copii din s. Congaz,
are calitatea de asigurat pentru majorita- r-nul Comrat, Centrul ftiziopneumologic
tea categoriilor de persoane neangajate de reabilitare pentru copii din or. Corneti,
cu domiciliul n Republica Moldova, iar sta- r-nul Ungheni), n anul 2012 avocaii par-
tul prevede reducerea primei de asigurare
obligatorie de asisten medical stabilit Legea fondurilor de asigurare obligatorie de
44
n sum fix, dac aceasta a fost achitat asisten medical
30
CAPITOLUL I

lamentari au realizat un studiu45 privind Totodat, autoritilor publice locale le
eficiena msurilor de combatere i profi- revine elaborarea programelor teritoriale
laxie a tuberculozei n contextul proteciei de control al tuberculozei adaptate specifi-
drepturilor omului n Republica Moldova i cului i particularitilor epidemiei tubercu-
capacitii instituiilor statului de a asigura lozei n teritoriu; informarea i educarea sa-
condiiile necesare n acest sens. nitar a populaiei n scopul prevenirii TBC.
Conform studiului, contaminarea cu tu- Guvernul Republicii Moldova raportea-
berculoz n aceste instituii de nvmnt, z n mod constant n cadrul mecanismelor
de rnd cu intolerana social fa de per- de monitorizare a implementrii tratatelor
soanele care au contractat aceast mala- ONU privind drepturile omului. Aspectele
die grav, demonstreaz capacitatea in- care in de drepturile omului n domeniul
suficient a statului de a asigura condiiile sntii snt menionate att n rapoartele
necesare n acest sens. n opinia avocailor Guvernului, ct i n concluziile i recoman-
parlamentari, cazurile menionate ofer or- drile comitetelor ONU ctre Republica
ganelor de drept temei pentru investigarea Moldova. Controlul i profilaxia tuberculo-
neglijenei criminale admis de responsa- zei este una dintre problemele reflectate n
bilii din domeniu. rapoarte i n special, n concluziile organis-
Aceste i alte cazuri aflate n atenia melor de monitorizare46.
CpDOM snt dovada faptului c mobilizarea Studiul realizat a artat c, n pofida
social nu a atins nivelul la care trebuie s raportrilor statului despre msurile ntre-
fie antrenate toate resursele i capacitile prinse n combaterea acestei maladiei, se
n lupta cu tuberculoza, iar educarea nregistreaz o dinamic alarmant. Att la
pacienilor, prestatorilor de servicii de s- nivel central, ct i local, autoritile respon-
ntate i informarea publicului nc nu snt sabile intervin cu ntrziere n cazurile i pro-
considerate activiti de importan major. blemele ce in de combaterea i profilaxia
Conform recomandrilor OMS i TBC. Ostilitatea societii fa de persoane-
UNAIDS, persoanele care snt infectate de le infectate cu TBC i existena unor bree
TBC, membrii familiilor lor, n special copiii n sistem permit scurgerea informaiilor cu
afectai de aceast maladie trebuie s fie caracter medical, fapt ce are consecine se-
asigurai cu tratament gratuit i extinde- vere asupra persoanelor afectate, cum ar fi
rea accesului la tratament specific conform pierderea locului de munc, stigmatizarea
strategiei DOTS. Aceast obligativitate vi- i discriminarea. Nivelul sczut al respon-
zeaz i asigurarea proteciei populaiei de sabilitii pacienilor fa de boala lor i fa
infectare. de cei pe care i-ar putea infecta, reduce efi-
ciena asistenei medicale acordate. Este
n Republica Moldova, Ministerul Sn-
dificil de apreciat eficiena tratamentului
tii deine responsabilitatea primordial
pacientului infectat cu TBC i de depistat fo-
pentru controlul tuberculozei n ar. Aceas-
carele de rspndire a tuberculozei la timp,
t atribuie este exercitat prin intermediul
reieind doar din competena medicului de
IMSP IFP Chiril Draganiuc i implic Minis-
familie, fr a se ine cont de aportul altor
terul Justiiei i alte entiti guvernamenta-
actori relevani (poliistul, autoritatea publi-
le, n colaborare cu organizaiile neguver-
c local etc.).
namentale i partenerii si internaionali,
n activiti de planificare, implementare, innd cont de faptul c problema
monitorizare i evaluare. Controlul tuber- enunat necesit o abordare prin prisma
culozei este efectuat prin intermediul unei obligaiunei pozitive a statului de a garanta
reele de instituii specializate i servicii ale dreptul la ocrotirea sntii, considernd
asistenei medicale primare. Bolnavii cu tu-
Observaiile concludente ale Comitetului pentru
46
berculoz beneficiaz de tratament gratuit. Drepturile Omului, sesiunea 97 din 12-30 octom-
brie 2009, alineatul 13; Observaiile concludente
http://www.ombudsman.md/file/RAPOAR-
45
ale Comitetului mpotriva Torturii, sesiunea 43
TE%20PDF/Raport%20TBC.pdf din 2-20 noiembrie 2009, alineatul 24.
31
necesar dezvoltarea unui mecanism efi- Profesiunea medical este o activitate

cient de cooperare a structurilor statale social i, prin urmare, prestatorul de ser-
abilitate, avocaii parlamentari au naintat vicii de sntate este supus unor riscuri i
Ministerului Sntii, Ministerului Educa- poate realiza greeli n activitatea sa, care n
iei i administraiei publice locale un ir consecin pot genera prejudicii pacientu-
de recomandri care ar putea contribui la lui.
ameliorarea situaiei n domeniul controlu- Materializarea acestui fapt duce la insti-
lui i profilaxiei tuberculozei. tuirea imediat a responsabilitii de ordin
moral, social i juridic, deoarece actul medi-
Drepturile pacienilor cal are efecte umane, sociale i juridice ine-
vitabile din care decurg obligaii i drepturi
Promovarea drepturilor omului ca o pentru prile implicate. Realizarea actului
component fundamental a reformelor i medical poate fi afectat de inexactiti -
imposibilitatea de a realiza plenar aceste greeli i/sau erori, generatoare de prejudi-
drepturi genereaz apariia unor situaii li- cii aduse pacientului. Calitatea serviciilor de
tigioase n relaiile sociale. Acest cadru este sntate, greelile n exercitarea profesiunii
unul specific i pentru sistemul de snta- medicale i rspunderea medical repre-
te, unde se nregistreaz situaii de conflict zint subiecte ce se afl n vizorul societii,
dintre prestatorii de servicii de sntate i fcnd subiectul articolelor n presa scris i
pacieni. electronic, reportajelor i emisiunilor radio
i televizate etc. Erorile medicale reprezint
o constant aproape inevitabil a practicii
La CpDOM a fost nregistrat o pln- medicale care, n condiiile sistemelor actu-
gere n care se invoca o eroare me- ale de sntate, au surse pentru o prolife-
dical n cadrul acordrii asistenei rare mult mai pronunat. n acest context,
medicale unei minore de 4 ani de c- se nregistreaz, la nivel internaional, un
tre medicii Spitalului Clinic Municipal nivel sporit de preocupare pentru erorile
pentru Copii Valentin Ignatenco.
medicale i evenimentele adverse, precum
Avocatul parlamentar a solicitat con-
i efectul lor negativ asupra morbiditii,
cursul Ministerului Sntii n vede-
rea constituirii unei comisii speciale mortalitii, dizabilitii i perioadelor nde-
pentru evaluarea profesionalismului lungate de spitalizare.
medicilor vizai i stabilirea persoane- Malpraxisul47 reprezint o problem
lor vinovate de aciunile ce au dus la real, iar responsabilitatea pentru erorile
cauzarea suferinelor fizice copilului. medicale cade asupra factorilor de decizie,
Comisia instituit n temeiul acestei prestatorilor de servicii de sntate, cet-
adresri a constatat c medicul B. a enilor n calitatea lor de consumatori de
comis erori n stabilirea diagnosticului servicii de sntate i societii n general.
i acordarea asistenei medicale mino- Cu toate acestea, niciun grup nu a fost i nu
rei, fiindu-i aplicat sanciune discipli- este dispus, deocamdat, s accepte partea
nar n form de mustrare aspr. sa de responsabilitate i s ntreprind m-
Totodat, avocatul parlamentar a surile necesare schimbrii.
solicitat concursul Procuraturii sect.
Buiucani, mun. Chiinu, pentru sta- n Republica Moldova nu exist o legis-
bilirea existenei elementelor consti- laie specific n domeniul malpraxisului
tutive ale infraciunii innd cont de care s stabileasc i s reglementeze rs-
gravitatea leziunilor corporale. punderea civil a prestatorului de servicii
La 3 decembrie 2012 a fost pornit de sntate. n lipsa unui cadru juridic spe-
urmrirea penal conform art. 213
din Codul penal nclcarea din
Malpraxis tratament incorect sau neglijent
47
neglijen a regulilor i metodelor de aplicat de un medic unui pacient, care i produce
acordare a asistenei medicale. acestuia prejudicii de orice natur, n relaie cu
gradul de afectare a capacitii fizice i psihice.
32
CAPITOLUL I

cial reglementat n care o persoan poate nrii plngerilor parvenite la CpDOM, fiind
solicita o despgubire ca expresie a unui raportate la multiplele cazuri mediatizate
proces de reparaie fa de nclcarea drep- cel puin pe parcursul anului 2012, denot
turilor pacientului, standardelor medicale existena unor grave probleme n domeniul
sau rezultatelor medicale, cazurile de mal- vizat. n opinia avocailor parlamentari, sta-
praxis se examineaz conform legislaiei tul trebuie s ntreprind aciuni hotrte i
n vigoare48. Constatarea acestor cazuri se operative n vederea mbuntirii cadrului
face pe cale judiciar i implic cheltuieli normativ n domeniul malpraxisului i insti-
considerabile pentru pacientul prejudiciat, tuirea cadrului normativ i instituional de
cruia i revine sarcina probrii greelii pre- soluionare extrajudiciar a acestor cazuri,
statorului de servicii medicale. dezvoltarea i implementarea unui sistem
Sistemul actual de atestare a medicilor de raportare a erorilor medicale, imple-
i farmacitilor este orientat spre evaluarea mentarea asigurrilor obligatorii de rs-
calificrii profesionale i are drept obiectiv pundere civil pentru malpraxis medical a
majorarea gradului de responsabilitate n lucrtorilor medicali i farmaceutici, institu-
procesul exercitrii profesiunii i calitatea iilor medico-sanitare i farmaceutice, pro-
serviciilor medicale/farmaceutice prestate ductorilor i furnizorilor de medicamente
populaiei. Evaluarea nivelului de calificare i dispozitive medicale.
profesional se efectueaz prin examinarea Informarea pacientului, confideniali-
dosarului personal, testare i interviu de tatea datelor i secretul medical, consim-
performan. ns, conform Regulamen- mntul i acordul informat reprezint
tului cu privire la atestarea medicilor i domenii de vulnerabilitate n practica me-
farmacitilor, aprobat prin ordinul Ministe- dical.
rului Sntii nr. 75-p 1 din 02.06.2011, Legea cu privire la drepturile i res-
plngerile pacienilor i erorile medicale nu ponsabilitile pacientului nr. 263 din
constituie criterii de apreciere a nivelului de 27.10.2005 stabilete c toate datele pri-
calificare a medicului. vind identitatea i starea pacientului,
Totodat, n Republica Moldova lipsete rezultatele investigaiilor, diagnosticul,
un sistem naional de raportare a erorilor pronosticul, tratamentul, precum i datele
medicale, lipsesc statistici oficiale, fcute cu caracter personal snt confideniale, re-
publice, privind numrul cauzelor exa- prezint secret medical i urmeaz a fi pro-
minate de ctre instanele judectoreti, tejate. Cazurile mediatizate de pres de-
numrul medicilor care au fost trai la rs- monstreaz c personalul medical practic
pundere pentru dauna cauzat sntii nu respect normele legale vizate. Acest
pacientului din impruden, neglijen sau lucru se ntmpl, fie din cauza ignoran-
lipsa de profesionalism, numrul deceselor ei ori iresponsabilitii, fie a cunoaterii
n urma erorilor medicale, numrul persoa- insuficiente de ctre lucrtorii medicali a
nelor care au suferit n urma tratamentului prevederilor legale. Avocaii parlamentari
i medicamentelor prescrise greit, precum au menionat anterior49 c respectarea
i a infeciilor contactate n timpul spita- caracterului confidenial al informaiilor
lizrii sau dup interveniile chirurgicale. cu privire la sntate constituie un princi-
Toate aceste deficiene de sistem, atestate piu esenial al sistemului juridic al tuturor
de avocaii parlamentari n cadrul exami- Prilor contractante la Convenia pentru
aprarea drepturilor omului i a liberti-
lor fundamentale. Confidenialitatea este
Codul civil, Codul de procedur civil, Legea
48
ocrotirii sntii, Legea cu privire la dreptu- esenial nu doar pentru protejarea vieii
rile i responsabilitile pacientului, Legea cu private a bolnavilor, dar i pentru menine-
privire la exercitarea profesiunii de medic, Le- rea ncrederii n corpul medical i serviciile
gea cu privire la expertiza judiciar, constat-
rile tehnico-tiinifice i medico-legale, Codul
contravenional, Codul penal, Codul de procedu- http://www.ombudsman.md/file/RAPOAR-
49
r penal. TE%20PDF/Raport%202009%20redactat.pdf
33
de sntate n general. n lipsa unei ase- tului pentru aceast intervenie medical,
menea protecii persoanele care necesit pe de alt parte.
ngrijiri medicale ar putea fi descurajate s ns exist i cealalt faet a acestei
furnizeze informaii cu caracter personal probleme refuzul tratamentului medical
i intim necesare pentru prescrierea trata- din motive religioase, exprimat de repre-
mentului adecvat i chiar pentru consulta- zentantul legal al unui minor. Legislaia n
rea unui medic. Or, circumstanele n care vigoare, care reglementeaz acest dome-
se divulg, preponderent prin intermediul niu, ofer soluii diferite cu formulri vagi:
mass-media, informaiile privind starea
art. 4 din Legea privind drepturile copi-
sntii pacienilor, risc s fie calificate
lului: n cazul n care prinii refuz asis-
drept ingerin n exercitarea dreptului pro-
tena medical pentru copilul bolnav,
tejat de articolul 8 al CEDO.
aceasta se acord contrar voinei lor,
Consimmntul pacientului este o con- la decizia consiliului de medici, luat
diie obligatorie premergtoare actului n prezena reprezentantului puterii;
medical, stabilit prin lege, care poate fi
art. 13 din Legea cu privire la drepturile
verbal sau scris i trebuie s se perfecteze
i responsabilitile pacientului: n caz
prin nscrierea n documentaia medical a
de refuz la asisten medical, exprimat
acestuia, cu semnarea obligatorie de ctre
de reprezentantul legal al pacientului
pacient sau reprezentantul su legal (ruda
(ruda apropiat), cnd o atare asisten
apropiat) i medicul curant.
este necesar pentru salvarea vieii pa-
Legislaia n vigoare stabilete c acor- cientului, organele de tutel i curatel
dul informat trebuie s conin n mod obli- au dreptul, la solicitarea organizaiilor
gatoriu informaia, expus ntr-o form ac- medicale, de a se adresa n instana ju-
cesibil pentru pacient, cu privire la scopul, dectoreasc pentru protecia intere-
efectul scontat, metodele interveniei me- selor persoanei bolnave. n cazul unei
dicale, riscul potenial legat de ea, posibile- intervenii medicale de urgen, nece-
le consecine medico-sociale, psihologice, sare pentru a salva viaa pacientului,
economice, precum i privind variantele cnd acesta nu-i poate exprima voina,
alternative de tratament i ngrijire medica- iar consimmntul reprezentantului
l. Aceast sarcin revine n totalitate me- su legal (al rudei apropiate) nu poate
dicului. fi obinut la timp, personalul medical,
Conform unor cercetri n domeniu, abilitat n modul stabilit de legislaie,
dei medicii contientizeaz obligativitatea are dreptul de a lua decizia respectiv
obinerii acordului informat, doar puini l n interesele pacientului;
perfecteaz ntr-o form necesar. Expli- art. 17 din Legea cu privire la exercita-
caia acestei conduite const n aprecierea rea profesiei de medic: Medicul este
subiectiv i unilateral a riscului pe care l obligat s cear consimmntul paci-
implic intervenia medical i necunoate- entului pentru orice prestare medical
rea modalitilor de formalizare a conduitei conform legislaiei; art. 18: Orice in-
terapeutice, determinnd medicul s ncal- tervenie medical poate fi efectuat
ce reglementrile legale. cu acordul pacientului, cu excepia si-
n susinerea acestei constatri vine un tuaiilor cnd starea lui fizic i psihic
numr impuntor de adresri ctre avoca- nu-i permite s ia o decizie contient
ii parlamentari, parvenite n anul 2012, cu sau n alte situaii stabilite de legisla-
referire la ngrdirea accesului n instituiile ie.
de nvmnt a copiilor nevaccinai. Printre Spre exemplu, avocatul parlamentar a
motivele nevaccinrii, prinii au invocat fost sesizat despre un caz n care prinii
lipsa unei informri complexe privind ngri- unui minor aflat n stare grav, din motive
jorrile legate de vaccinare i avantajele ei religioase, au refuzat categoric s-i expri-
pe de o parte, i nesolicitarea consimmn- me acordul pentru intervenia medical
34
CAPITOLUL I

de urgen. Personalul medical nu a fost cientul i/sau reprezentantul legal al aces-
n stare s ia o decizie adecvat cu privire tuia devin mai informai i mai implicai n
la acordarea asistenei medicale fr acor- procesul de luare a deciziei asupra sntii,
dul prinilor. Doar dup intervenirea avo- le revine responsabilitatea primordial de
catului parlamentar la faa locului, care a a-i proteja sntatea proprie, a familiei i a
cerut prezena unui poliist n calitate de copiilor.
reprezentant al puterii, copilului i-a fost
acordat asistena medical necesar con-
7. Respectarea dreptului la
trar voinei prinilor. n acest caz, avocatul
parlamentar s-a condus de prevederile art. munc i la protecia muncii
4 din Legea privind drepturile copilului,
convingnd personalul medical c aciunile Dreptul la munc i la protecia muncii,
acestuia snt legale i c, ulterior, ei nu vor fi consfinit n articolul 43 din Legea Supre-
sancionai pentru nerespectarea ntocmai m a Republicii Moldova, reprezint unul
a prevederilor Legii cu privire la exercitarea dintre drepturile fundamentale i inalie-
profesiei de medic. nabile ale omului. Or, pentru majoritatea
n aceste circumstane s-a constatat c persoanelor munca constituie unica sau
imperfeciunea cadrului normativ n vigoa- cea mai important surs de venit i exis-
re, pe de o parte, dar i nepregtirea me- ten, implicit pentru asigurarea cu pensii
dicilor de a aciona ferm n astfel de situaii, la btrnee. Dreptul la munc este i va fi
pe de alt parte, ar putea avea consecine n continuare supus permanent unor mo-
grave pentru sntatea i chiar viaa paci- dificri profunde strns legate de procesele
entului. care au loc n viaa social-economic a rii.
De aceea reglementarea relaiilor de mun-
Avocaii parlamentari consider opor- c trebuie s rmn printre prioritile po-
tun revizuirea cadrului normativ n vigoa- liticilor statului.
re i completarea Legii cu privire la exerci-
tarea profesiei de medic cu prevederi clare n anul de referin se atest o majorare
privind modul de acionare a medicului n nesemnificativ a petiiilor nregistrate la
astfel de situaii. Totodat, este necesar ca Centrul pentru Drepturile Omului la capi-
medicii s-i perfecioneze n permanen- tolul respectarea dreptului la munc i pro-
nu doar cunotinele profesionale, dar tecia muncii, comparativ cu anul 2011, cu
i cele privind drepturile omului n cadrul respectiv 103 adresri, fa de 93 - n anul
acordrii asistenei medicale. 2011. Problemele invocate de petiionari
n mare parte rmn aceleai: restanele
Adoptarea Legii cu privire la drepturile la salariu, nivelul de salarizare insuficient,
i responsabilitile pacientului nr. 263 din ncetarea contractului individual de mun-
27.10.2005 i a Legii cu privire la exercitarea c cu unele cadre didactice n legtur cu
profesiunii de medic nr. 264 din 27.10.2005 stabilirea pensiei pentru limit de vrst,
a determinat oficializarea renunrii la mo- nerespectarea duratei legale a timpului de
delul paternalist al relaiei medic-pacient munc, implicarea inadecvat a inspecto-
n favoarea modelului bazat pe luarea n rilor muncii n cercetarea accidentelor de
comun a deciziei. Astfel, pacientul este munc, discriminarea la angajarea n cm-
autonom, avnd dreptul de opiune i de pul muncii.
a ntreprinde aciuni bazate pe valorile i
convingerile personale. Rolul comunicrii omajul i munca nedeclarat snt alte
medic-pacient const n asigurarea schim- probleme ce in de dreptul muncii. Rata o-
bului de informaii, luarea deciziilor reci- majului la nivel de ar a nregistrat n tri-
proc acceptate, dezvoltarea nelegerii i mestrul III al anului 2012 valoarea de 4,8%,
formarea ncrederii. Nerespectarea aces- fiind mai mic fa de trimestrul III a. 2011
tora determin nendeplinirea obligaiilor (5,3%). Ca i n anii precedeni, s-au nre-
profesionale i nclcarea drepturilor paci- gistrat dispariti semnificative ntre rata
entului. Prin urmare, n condiiile n care pa- omajului n mediul urban 7,3% i cea din
35
mediul rural 2,8%. Cote alarmante a atins Avnd n vedere obligaia statului de a
rata omajului n rndul tinerilor: 12,7% n crea locuri de munc, condiii pentru cre-
categoria de vrst 15-24 ani i 10,0%50 n terea calitii vieii cetenilor, CpDOM a
cea de 15-29 ani. Astfel problema angajrii examinat gradul de implicare a autoritilor
tinerilor n cmpul muncii a devenit una ex- de resort n asigurarea angajailor ntre-
trem de acut. prinderii cu locuri de munc i respectarea
Experii din domeniu invoc dou mari dreptului acestora la munc. Rezultatele
cauze migraia masiv a tinerilor specia- investigaiilor au fost expuse ntr-un raport
liti i pregtirea unor specialiti care, de expediat Guvernului52 pentru intervenie
fapt, nu reprezint necesitatea real a pieei eficient n acest caz. Regretabil, ns Gu-
actuale de munc. Problema se agraveaz vernul s-a limitat doar la remiterea acestui
pe an ce trece deoarece pn n prezent lip- Raport n adresa autoritilor care au fost
sete o politic naional cu privire la pre- criticate, fr a fi ntreprinse msuri de re-
gtirea i orientarea profesional51. dresare a situaiei.
Agenia Naional pentru Ocuparea Pornind de la dispoziiile constituiona-
Forei de Munc precizeaz c motivele le, prevzute n art.126 alin.(2), statul i-a
i cauzele omajului n ara noastr snt asumat angajamentul s asigure sporirea
insuficiena locurilor de munc vacante, numrului de locuri de munc, crearea con-
existena unei fore de munc necompeti- diiilor pentru creterea calitii vieii.
tive pe pia, concedierea n ultimul timp a Problema restanelor la salarii a fost
unui numr mare de persoane, dar i neco- semnalat i n alte adresri ale ceteni-
respunderea cererii de munc cu oferta. lor. Astfel, n perioada de referin doar la
n acest context, pentru redresarea situ- Reprezentana Cahul a CpDOM au apelat
aiei, se impune luarea de msuri operative 21 de angajai ai ntreprinderii de Stat Re-
pe termen mediu i de lung durat. Aci- zervaia de Stat Prutul de Jos, s. Slobozia
unile ntreprinse trebuie s vizeze dezvol- Mare. Ei au invocat restane pentru 7 luni
tarea mediului de afaceri, inclusiv prin m- care se cifreaz la 421 000 lei. Potrivit peti-
suri fiscale; perfecionarea profesional a ionarilor, datoriile administraiei Spitalului
angajailor i a tinerilor absolveni; crearea raional Vulcneti la salarii constituiau circa
unor noi sub-ramuri n economia naional; 1600000 lei. La SRL Valexchimp s-au acu-
organizarea i n continuare a cursurilor de mulat restane salariale fa de 37 de anga-
recalificare profesional a omerilor; stabi- jai, iar la PatisonLux SRL restanele pen-
lirea unor parteneriate locale. tru 11 angajai au atins sum de 90000 lei.
Adresrile la CpDOM ale angajailor n- Neachitarea restanelor la salariu, a
treprinderii S.A.Anchir au scos n eviden indemnizaiilor la concediere etc. a fost
litigii de natur diferit care au avut ca fina- invocat de un numr impuntor de per-
litate suspendarea activitii ntreprinderii soane, care au sesizat Reprezentana Bli a
i, drept consecin, lipsirea de o surs de CpDOM. Astfel, s-a constatat c 3 ntreprin-
existen a circa 290 de persoane. Unele deri municipale53 au concediat toi salaria-
dintre acestea au n ntreinere trei i mai ii, acetia fiind anunai c ntreprinderile
muli copii, altele snt ncadrate n grad de se lichideaz, fr achitarea tuturor plilor
invaliditate sau ngrijesc persoane cu diza- prevzute conform legislaiei. Totodat, po-
biliti. Mai mult ca att, la 26 ianuarie 2012, trivit informaiei de la Camera nregistrrii
administraia ntreprinderii avea restane la de Stat, acestea nu au fost lichidate. Astfel,
plata salariilor de 2711100 lei. muli dintre fotii angajai, chiar dac au
titlu executoriu privind achitarea plilor
50
www.statistica.md 52
Scrisoarea nr. 03-1016-1/11 din 02.08.2012
51
http://eco.md/index.php?option=com_content 53
M Gospodria Specializat Auto, M Direcia de
&view=article&id=7523:piaa-muncii-probleme- exploatare a proprietii fondului locativ i M
de-azi-soluii-de-maine DSARC nr.2.
36
CAPITOLUL I

salariale, nu i le pot recupera, pe motiv c (2) art.8654 interzice concedierea persoa-
ntreprinderile nu dein bunuri. nei. Prin urmare, recomandm Ministerului
Muncii Proteciei Sociale i Familiei exami-
narea acestor circumstane n vederea ini-
La Reprezentana Comrat a CpDOM
ierii procedurii de modificare a cadrului
s-au adresat persoane care au meni-
normativ respectiv.
onat c, odat cu atingerea vrstei de
pensionare, angajatorul desface con- Dei n ultimii ani cadrul normativ n do-
tractul individual de munc, ns, de meniul securitii muncii a fost mbuntit,
facto, acestea continu s activeze, prestaia instituiilor cu atribuii n dome-
dar nelegal. niu las de dorit, urmnd a fi de asemenea
schimbat atitudinea angajatorilor i a sala-
riailor pentru a fi asigurat respectarea pe
Nerespectarea duratei timpului de deplin a Legii securitii i sntii n mun-
munc fr asigurarea plii pentru mun- c nr.186 din 10 iulie 2008. Aadar, se impu-
ca suplimentar prestat constituie o alt ne realizarea unui complex de msuri care
problem invocat n timpul audienelor s asigure respectarea regulilor de baz ale
la CpDOM. Angajaii snt nevoii s accepte securitii i sntii n munc.
condiiile impuse de angajator pentru a-i Conform datelor operative de care dis-
menine locul de munc n condiiile n care pune Inspecia Muncii, n anul 2012, inspec-
probabilitatea gsirii unui alt loc de munc torii de munc au cercetat 93 de accidente
este redus. De altfel, acesta constituie unul de munc, n urma crora 74 persoane au
dintre motivele acceptrii de ctre angajai avut de suferit i 28 au decedat. Potrivit
a muncii nedeclarate, fenomen care per- rezultatelor activitii de control a Inspec-
sist nc n Republica Moldova. Pe de alt iei Muncii, cele mai frecvente nclcri ale
parte, informarea insuficient a salariai- legislaiei privind securitatea i sntatea la
lor, de rnd cu costurile fiscale, procedurile locul de munc comise de ctre angajatori
administrative birocratice constituie un alt se refer la neefectuarea evalurii riscurilor
factor ce genereaz acest fenomen. Avoca- profesionale sau la angajarea persoanelor
ii parlamentari ncurajeaz campaniile de nepregtite profesional i fr instruire n
informare i sensibilizare la nivel naional i materie de securitate i sntate la locul
local, cu participarea partenerilor sociali, a de munc. De asemenea, au fost depistate
autoritilor publice, ageniilor de ocupare nereguli ce in de prestarea muncii n con-
a forei de munc, precum i a organelor diii de risc sporit, aplicarea unor tehnolo-
de control i sancionare, pentru a preveni gii depite i periculoase, neasigurarea cu
efectele nefaste ale muncii la negru. Toto- echipament de protecie, amplasarea pro-
dat, ntru contracararea muncii nedeclara- ceselor tehnologice n ncperi neadecvate
te autoritile trebuie s aib o abordare de i exploatarea echipamentelor de munc
ansamblu, care s implice politici eficiente improvizate fr dispozitive de protecie,
de ocupare a forei de munc, remunerare ceea ce creeaz pericol de accidentare. n-
adecvat, asigurarea unui grad maxim de clcarea legislaiei de securitate i sntate
transparen i accesibilitate a sistemelor
de impozitare i protecie social. 54
Codul muncii al Republicii Moldova nr.154 din
Examinarea unei petiii cu privire la ne- 28.03.2003. Articolul 86, Concedierea (2) Nu se
executarea deciziei judectoreti privind admite concedierea salariatului n perioada afl-
rii lui n concediu medical, n concediu de odihn
restabilirea imediat a petiionarei n func-
anual, n concediu de studii, n concediu de ma-
ia deinut anterior a scos n eviden o ternitate, n concediu parial pltit pentru ngri-
caren legislativ. i anume, imposibili- jirea copilului pn la vrsta de 3 ani, n concediu
tatea executrii imediate a acestor decizii suplimentar nepltit pentru ngrijirea copilului
n cazurile n care Codul muncii prin alin. n vrst de la 3 la 6 ani, n perioada ndeplinirii
obligaiilor de stat sau obteti, precum i n peri-
oada detarii, cu excepia cazurilor de lichidare
a unitii.
37
la locul de munc, precum i dificultile n le nereguli. Astfel, a fost sesizat Inspectorul

aplicarea acesteia snt determinate de in- General de Stat al Muncii pentru a dispune
suficiena sau lipsa de cunotine necesare cercetarea suplimentar a acestui accident
angajatorilor pentru a asigura respectarea de munc.
acesteia. Frecvent, nclcrile legislaiei se O alt situaie atestat este impunerea
comit cu acordul tacit al salariailor sau al de ctre angajatori a unor condiii discri-
reprezentanilor acestora.55 minatorii la angajarea n cmpul muncii.
Totodat, sesizrile parvenite la CpDOM Avocaii parlamentari au ajuns la aceast
de la persoane care au suferit n urma acci- concluzie urmare a examinrii anunurilor
dentelor de munc denot existena unor privind ofertele de angajare, dar i a con-
probleme ce in de modul de cercetare a trolului inopinat realizat la Trgul locurilor
accidentelor de munc. Pentru ca patro- de munc, organizat de Agenia Naional
nii s scape de pedeaps, n multe cazuri i Agenia municipal Chiinu pentru Ocu-
se ncearc a da vina pe angajat, opinie parea Forei de Munc, n cadrul Expoziiei
susinut i de reprezentanii sindicatelor. Fabricat n Moldova. S-a stabilit c cele
Evident c n aceste situaii putem vorbi de mai frecvente condiii discriminatorii pre-
controlul inadecvat/superficial din partea zente n anunurile de angajare, dar i n
organelor abilitate cu atribuii de control al cadrul discuiilor cu patronii snt criteriile
respectrii normelor de securitate a muncii. de vrst i gen. Din aceast cauz, anumite
Relevant n acest context este cazul categorii de persoane din start snt lipsite
unei tinere de 18 ani care a suferit n urma de ansa de a se nscrie n concurs pentru o
unui accident de munc grav (i s-a amputat funcie vacant. Prin urmare, se impune un
antebraul drept) produs la Combinatul de control mai riguros din partea Ageniei Na-
panificaie din Chiinu Franzelua S.A., ionale pentru Ocuparea Forei de Munc i
unde era angajat. Inspeciei Muncii n vederea asigurrii unor
anse egale i tratament egal la angajare tu-
Procesul-verbal privind cercetarea acci-
turor persoanelor.
dentului de munc realizat de inspectorul
muncii prin care se stabilete doar vinovia Totodat, avocaii parlamentari reite-
salariatului a trezit ngrijorarea avocatului reaz necesitatea de a efectua un studiu
parlamentar. Ombudsmanul a solicitat con- privind oportunitatea recunoaterii de c-
cursul Confederaiei Naionale a Sindicate- tre Republica Moldova a paragrafelor 1 i 2
lor din Moldova, n contextul competenei din art. 4 al Cartei Sociale Europene revizu-
i mputernicirii sindicatelor privind exerci- ite.56
tarea controlului obtesc asupra respect- 56
Carta Social European (revizuit) din 03.05.96.
rii legislaiei muncii. Urmare a controlului Articolul 4. Dreptul la o salarizare echitabil n ve-
suplimentar efectuat de inspecia muncii derea asigurrii exercitrii efective a dreptului la
din cadrul acesteia, au fost depistate une- o salarizare echitabil, prile se angajeaz:
1) s recunoasc dreptul lucrtorilor la o salariza-
55
http://eco.md/index.php?option=com_content re suficient, care s le asigure acestora, precum
&view=article&id=7876:indiferena-angajatorilor- i familiilor lor un nivel de trai decent;
provoac-anual-zeci-de-victime-ale-accidentelor- 2) s recunoasc dreptul lucrtorilor la o rat ma-
de-munc&catid=108:opinii&Itemid=479 jorat a salarizrii pentru orele suplimentare de
munc, cu excepia unor cazuri speciale.
38
CAPITOLUL I

8. Dreptul la asisten i protec- omerii, persoanele eliberate din locuri de
ie social detenie.
Conform datelor Biroului Naional de
Asigurarea unui nivel de trai decent, n Statistic, n trimestrul III al anului 2012, ve-
condiiile evoluiei ascendente a preurilor nitul mediu lunar al unei persoane a consti-
i tarifelor la mrfurile de consum i servicii, tuit 1507,3 lei, fiind n cretere cu 2,3% fa
a fost i n anul de referin una dintre cele de aceeai perioad a anului precedent,
mai stringente probleme. dar ajustat la indicele preurilor de con-
sum58 a nregistrat o descretere de 2,0%.
Urmare a recomandrilor Comitetul
n acelai timp, din aceeai surs rezult
ONU privind Drepturile Economice, Sociale
c cheltuielile medii lunare de consum ale
i Culturale din luna mai 2011, Republica
populaiei n trimestrul III al anului 2012
Moldova s-a angajat s ntreprind n mod
au constituit 1675,3 lei pentru o persoan,
progresiv msuri ntru remedierea situaiei
fiind n cretere cu 3,2% fa de perioada
la capitolul asigurarea unui trai decent pen-
de referin a anului precedent. Cea mai
tru fiecare persoan. Comitetul ndeamn
mare parte a cheltuielilor a fost destinat
statul s-i intensifice eforturile n scopul
acoperirii necesarului de consum alimentar
garantrii unui salariu minim naional su-
- 42,0%, iar pentru ntreinerea locuinei o
ficient pentru asigurarea unui standard de
persoan a avut nevoie, n medie, de 19,0%
via adecvat angajailor i familiile lor, pre-
din cheltuielile totale de consum.59 Respec-
cum i pentru creterea mrimii pensiilor,
tiva generalizare ns este prea optimist n
astfel nct acestea s permit un standard
raport cu situaia real a familiilor aflate n
de via adecvat, i, ca prim-pas, s atin-
dificultate.
g nivelul minim de subzisten. Totodat,
Comitetul a reiterat recomandarea ca sta- Creterea permanent a preurilor la
tul-parte s introduc un mecanism prin produsele alimentare, a tarifelor la servi-
care salariul minim s fie ajustat la costul ciile comunale, n opinia avocailor parla-
de trai57. mentari, este unul dintre factorii decisivi
care determin nrutirea calitii vieii
n ultimii ani numrul adresrilor
cetenilor i aprofundarea srciei.
cetenilor la Centrul pentru Drepturile
Omului n probleme privind respectarea n acest context apreciem adoptarea
dreptului la asisten i protecie social Legii cu privire la minimul de existen60,
rmne relativ constant. n anul 2012 au aceasta fiind inevitabil n contextul celor
fost nregistrate 150 de petiii cu acest su- expuse mai sus. n acelai timp, avocaii
biect, fa de 167 petiii - n anul 2011, ceea parlamentari au mari rezerve n legtur cu
ce demonstreaz c situaia pe segmentul eficiena acestei legi n redacia adoptat.
proteciei sociale nu s-a schimbat esenial. Or, asigurarea respectrii drepturilor eco-
nomice i sociale presupune, mpreun cu
Petiionarii invoc nivelul sczut al ve-
adoptarea unui cadru normativ adecvat,
niturilor, prestaiilor sociale, creterea sem-
realizarea unor aciuni eficiente pentru im-
nificativ an de an a preurilor i tarifelor
plementarea acestuia i aplicarea unui me-
la mrfurile de consum i servicii, ceea ce
canism corespunztor.
afecteaz n special categoriile de ceteni
aflate n situaii de risc social sporit: fami-
liile cu muli copii, pensionarii, persoane- Indicele preurilor de consum n trimestrul III
58
le cu venituri mici, tinerii, persoanele cu 2012 fa de trimestrul III 2011 a crescut cu 4,4%.
dizabiliti i cele care ngrijesc de acestea, http://www.statistica.md/public/files/publica-
59
tii_electronice/Raport_trimestrial/Raport_anu-
Geneva, 04-05 mai 2011, sesiunea a 46-a a |Co-
57 al_2012_rom.pdf
mitetului pentru drepturile economice, sociale i Legea nr.152 din 05.07.2012 cu privire la minimul
60
culturale. de existen.
39
Evoluia preurilor i tarifelor la mrfurile de consum i servicii

n perioada 2010-2012
decembrie2012 decembrie2011 decembrie 2010

Mrfuri i servicii ( %) fa de: ( %) fa de: (%) fa de:
decembrie 2011 decembrie 2010 decembrie 2009
Mrfuri alimentare / n medie 5,4 7,4 7,1
Legume 22,7 4,5 9,0
Fructe 11,4 14,1 7,5
Carne, preparate i conserve
8,4 5,4 -0,8
din carne
Lapte i produse lactate 4,8 11,7 10,8
Zahr 26,4 9,8
Ou 19,5 32,3 0,3
Mrfuri nealimentare/ n
3,6 5,2 7,7
medie
Confecii 4,3 2,6 3,4
nclminte 3,4 5,1 3,1
Combustibili 5,1 10,9 25,1
Materiale de construcie 2,9 15,2 3,2
Servicii/ n medie 3,0 11,6 9,7
Servicii comunal-locative 3,6 22,0 18,9
Ap potabil i canalizare 15,2 6,6 1,7
Energie electric 7,3 10,3 20,4
Gaze naturale prinreea 40,1 26,2
nclzire centralizat 42,7 25,3
Astfel, n opinia avocailor parlamen- velul minimului de existen, astfel nct s

tari, aceast lege va cpta un caracter fie asigurat funcionalitatea legii61.
formal, n condiiile n care Legea cu privire Potrivit datelor Biroului Naional de
la minimul de existen nu reglementeaz Statistic62, n trimestrul III al anului 2012,
modalitatea i etapele de ajustare a cuan- minimul de existen pentru o persoan a
tumului prestaiilor sociale, salariului mi- constituit n medie 1456,9 lei. Pentru pen-
nim pe ar cel puin la nivelul acestui mi- sionari minimul de existen a fost 1259,5
nim. Mai mult, rezerva inclus n articolul lei. n acelai timp, valoarea medie a pensiei
1 - reieind din posibilitile financiare ale lunare stabilite la 1 octombrie 2012 a con-
statului - ofer Guvernului o poziie constituit 957,9 lei, ceea ce face posibil aco-
fortabil n raport cu eventuale pretenii perirea minimului de existen n proporie
privind majorarea salariilor sau prestaiilor de 76,1%. Nemaivorbind de pensia minim
sociale.
n etapa dezbaterilor publice pe mar-
ginea proiectului de lege, Centrul pentru Scrisoarea nr.01-12/9 din 13.02.2012, Opinia
61
Centrului pentru Drepturile Omului la proiectul

Drepturile Omului a atenionat despre ne- de lege cu privire la minimul de existen. www.
cesitatea perfecionrii acestuia n sensul ombudsman.md
reglementrii mecanismului de ajustare a http://www.statistica.md/newsview.php?l=ro&i
62
prestaiilor sociale i salariului minim la ni- dc=16 8&id=3933;
40
CAPITOLUL I

pentru lucrtorii din agricultur63 care la tendin de cretere a numrului pensiona-
01.10.2012 constituia 625,44 lei. rilor singuratici internai n instituii medi-
ntr-o situaie dificil se afl persoanele co-sanitare (preponderent odat cu rcirea
cu dizabiliti severe, care, avnd necesiti timpului), unde cel puin pot beneficia de
suplimentare, suport cheltuieli ce dep- alimentare decent, nclzire etc.
esc cu mult minimul de existen stabilit Urmeaz de menionat faptul c n
pentru o persoan. Cuantumul mediu al urma evoluiei social-economice se obser-
unei pensii de invaliditate constituie 782,05 v o tendin de modificare a categoriilor
lei/lunar64. de persoane aflate n situaii de dificultate
Dup cum s-a menionat anterior, in- care necesit asisten social din partea
formaia prezentat de Biroul Naional statului. n prezent, alturi de pensionari
de Statistic denot o cretere continu a i persoanele cu dizabiliti, n categoria
indicatorului preurilor de consum lunar, respectiv intr persoanele singuratice (in-
iar veniturile disponibile ale populaiei n diferent de sex), ce ngrijesc un copil pn
anul 2012 (ajustate la indicele preului de la vrsta de 1,5/3 ani, deinuii cu dizabiliti
consum65) au fost n descretere cu 2,0%. severe, victimele traficului de fiine umane
Prestaiile sociale se indexeaz anual, dar sau ale torturii.
indexarea n esen este nesemnificativ. Un domeniu problematic este i evi-
dena persoanelor social vulnerabile. Ac-
La Reprezentana Comrat s-a adre- tualmente nu exist un sistem informatizat
sat pensionarul I.V. care a menionat bine structurat n cadrul direciilor/seciilor
c a activat n sectorul agrar 44 de ani, de asisten social i protecie a familiei,
ns pensia stabilit constituie doar ceea ce creeaz incomoditi n cazul cnd
740 lei. se solicit date statistice privind numrul
de beneficiari sau categoria de persoane
Mrimea mic a pensiilor, care nu aco- care se bucur de dreptul la o anumit pre-
per cel puin minimul de existen, consti- staie social.
tuie una dintre cele mai frecvente probleme Guvernul Republicii Moldova a aprobat
invocate de pensionari att n adresrile scri- n anul 2008 Hotrrea nr.1356 prin care a
se, ct i n cadrul audienelor organizate n fost instituit Sistemul Informaional Auto-
teritoriu. n special, pensionarii din sectorul matizat Asistena Social. Experiena de
agrar menioneaz c snt n mod evident funcionare a acestuia a demonstrat c sis-
dezavantajai fa de celelalte categorii de temul de eviden este ineficient i c tre-
pensionari, cuantumul pensiilor acestora buie perfecionat n regim de urgen.
fiind n continuare foarte mic. Pensionarii Dificultile la obinerea datelor sta-
menioneaz c, pe lng faptul c nu au tistice privind numrul unei anumite ca-
posibilitate s achite serviciile comunale, tegorii de persoane snt cauzate de faptul
se confrunt cu mari probleme la procura- c o singur persoan poate fi beneficiar
rea medicamentelor. Astfel se urmrete o de mai multe tipuri de prestaii sociale. Din
alt punct de vedere, evidena beneficiarilor
63
http://cnas.md/lib.php?l=ro&idc=244&nod=1&; de asisten social se ine n baza cererilor
64
http://cnas.md/lib.php?l=ro&idc=244&nod=1&; depuse de solicitani. Dat fiind c nu toate
65
Indicele preurilor de consum este un instrument persoanele social vulnerabile se adreseaz
care prezint o estimare a evoluiei de ansamblu pentru asistena necesar, datele sistemu-
a preurilor mrfurilor cumprate i tarifelor ser- lui de eviden nu reflect starea real a
viciilor utilizate de ctre populaie pentru satisfa- lucrurilor.
cerea necesitilor de trai ntr-o anumit perioa-
d.
41
Reforme n sistemul de asisten n discuie problemele legate de imple-

i asigurare social mentarea Legii cu privire la ajutorul social.
Att din discuiile cu asistenii sociali, ct
i cu cetenii au fost identificate anumi-
n anul 2012 Guvernul Republicii Mol- te imperfeciuni ale legii vizate. Astfel, n
dova i-a focusat atenia asupra probleme- virtutea unor prevederi ale documentu-
lor de dezinstituionalizare i incluziune lui, unii poteniali beneficiari nu pot primi
social a persoanelor social vulnerabile. asistena care li se cuvine. Bunoar, s-a
Avocaii parlamentari ncurajeaz i depistat c persoanele fr domiciliu69 i
susin ideea de mbuntire a cadrului cele fr de acte de identitate70 (nu dispun
normativ pentru eficientizarea i reforma- de mijloace pentru perfectarea lor) nu pot
rea sistemului de asisten social, pledea- beneficia de ajutor social.
z pentru sporirea eficienei de utilizare a Avnd n vedere obiectivul de baz al
mijloacelor financiare n sistemul de asis- reformelor n sistemul de asisten social
ten social. de orientare a ajutorului social spre cele
n urma abrogrii Legii cu privire la mai vulnerabile grupuri ale populaiei, dar
protecia social special a unor catego- i circumstanele expuse anterior, este evi-
rii de populaie66 (01.07.2012), ajutorul dent necesitatea perfecionrii mecanis-
pentru perioada rece a anului se acord mului de selectare a beneficiarilor.
n baza criteriilor stabilite n Legea nr. 133 Au fost atestate i cazuri cnd fami-
din 13.06.2008 cu privire la ajutorul social. lia beneficiar de ajutor social utilizeaz
Acest fapt a trezit nemulumirea unor per- aceste resurse pentru procurarea butu-
soane care beneficiau de compensaii no- rilor alcoolice i distracii, n detrimentul
minative. Or, o mare parte dintre acestea au necesitilor familiei/copiilor.
pierdut dreptul la protecie social special
De asemenea, considerm oportun
din partea statului. Potrivit informaiei fur-
stabilirea unui mecanism eficient de cola-
nizate de Ministerul Muncii Proteciei Soci-
borare dintre direciile/seciile de asisten
ale i Familiei, n anul 2012 de ajutor pentru
social i protecie a familiei, Agenia de
perioada rece a anului au beneficiat 110 mii
ocupare a forei de munc, Casa Naiona-
de familii, fa de 133 133 - n anul 2011,
l de Asigurri Sociale, pentru a se verifica
cuantumul acestuia fiind stabilit n mrime
autenticitatea informaiei oferite de solici-
de 200 lei, ncepnd cu 01 noiembrie67.
tant n cerere.
Centrul pentru Drepturile Omului a
Totodat, considerm c situaia fa-
efectuat o evaluare privind nivelul de asi-
miliilor n dificultate puin probabil va fi
gurare a unui trai decent al familiilor afla-
mbuntit n cazurile n care cuantu-
te n dificultate prin acordarea ajutorului
mul ajutorului social constituie 7 lei, 3 lei
social. n acest scop, au fost organizate
i chiar 1 leu.
reuniuni de lucru n teritoriu68, fiind puse
66
Legea nr. 933 din 14.04.2000 cu privire la protec- Legea nr. 133 din 13.06.2008 cu privire la ajutorul
69
ia social special a unor categorii de populaie social, art.4.
abrogat prin Legea nr. 160 din 05.07.2012.
Regulamentul cu privire la modul de stabilire i
70
67
Hotrrea Guvernului nr. 806 din 31.10.2012 cu plat a ajutorului social, aprobat prin Hottrea
privire la modificarea i completarea Hotrrii Gu- Guvernului nr. 1167 din 16.10.2008, pct.8 pre-
vernului nr.1167 din 16 octombrie 2008. vede mpreun cu cererea, solicitantul prezin-
68
Reuniune de lucru, or. Cahul, 28 septembrie 2012 t actele de identitate ale tuturor membrilor
i mun. Bli, 5 octombrie 2012, www.ombuds- familiei
man.md
42
CAPITOLUL I

Informaie privind ajutorul acordat familiilor defavorizate
n I trimestru al anului 2012
Cuantum Cuantum Decizii
Raionul Solicitani Beneficiari Respingeri
minim maxim contestate
Anenii Noi 669 409 260 2 lei/1 familie 2747 lei/ 1 familie 0
Basarabeasca 386 268 118 < 25 lei /3 familii < 25 lei/7 familii 0
Briceni 1147 798 349 0
Cahul 1743 1022 721 0
Clrai 1299 981 318 1 leu/1 familie 3493/1 familie 0
Cueni 490 241 249 < 25 lei /1 familie 3200 lei/familie 0
Cantemir 1078 623 455 7 lei/1 familie 2997 lei/1 familie 0
Cimilia
Criuleni 715 504 211 1 leu/1 familie 2895 lei/1 familie
Dondueni 4290 3921 369 0
Drochia 1080 688 412 0
Edine 15321 14684 673 3 lei/1 familie 3100 lei/ 1 familie
< 25 lei
Floreti 1545 1240 294 < 25 lei/ 67 familiii 0
/21familii
Glodeni 16912 14262 2650 1 leu/1 familie 4077 lei/familie 0
Hnceti 2180 1663 517 0
Ialoveni 1028 533 173 3 lei/3 familii 2506 lei/1 familie 0
Leova 684 477 207 0
Nisporeni 1612 1148 463 <25 lei/13 familii 3222lei/1familie 0
Ocnia 1816 1265 549 2 lei/1 familie 2939 lei/1 familie 0
< 25 lei/
Orhei 3496 2811 685 3704 lei/1 familie 0
11 familie
Rezina 1039 736 303 9 lei/1 familie 2868 lei/1 familie 0
Sngerei 2581 955 0
2000-3000/
oldneti 1440 1191 249 1-10 lei/ 3 familii 0
30 familii
Soroca 1768 1184 584 2 lei/1 familie 2589lei/1familie 0
tefan-Vod 1640 906 734 1-25 lei/ 6 familii 2768 lei/1familiu 0
Taraclia 238 161 77 11 lei/1 familie 3416lei/1familie 0
Ungheni 2990 2497 340 <25/ 9 familii 2872 lei/2 familii 0
Dubsari 339 221 118 0
Bli 371 242 242 2 lei/1 familie 2947/1familie 0
Comrat 591 342 248 1 leu/2 familii 3518 lei/1 familie 0
Chiinu 2751 1729 1022 3 lei/2 familii 2966 lei/1 familie 1
Teleneti 2287 1235 638 0
n total: 75 526 58 937 14 228
Sursa: Direciile/seciile raionale de asisten social i protecie a familiei, cu excepia regiunii

din partea stng a rului Nistru.
Not: Raionul Cimilia nu a prezentat informaia solicitat.
43
O situaie aparte este determinat de Avocatul parlamentar consider c prin

punctajul n a crui baz se evalueaz ve- acest fapt li se ncalc dreptul deinuilor
nitul familiei. n Regulamentul cu privire la la asigurare social, drept constituional
modul de stabilire i plat a ajutorului so- garantat tuturor cetenilor Republicii Mol-
cial71 este prevzut Lista caracteristicilor dova.
i punctajul aferent pentru evaluarea bu- Potrivit informaiei prezentate de De-
nstrii familiei, n care snt indicate bunuri partamentul Instituiilor Penitenciare la
de prim necesitate. Multe familii aflate n situaia din 01.01.2012, din numrul total
dificultate nu pot beneficia de susinere al deinuilor (6476 de persoane), 378 erau
din partea statului deoarece dispun de antrenai n prestarea unor munci remune-
anumite bunuri, indiferent de valoarea i rate, ceea ce constituia circa 5,83 %. Dac
uzura acestora, care, potrivit Regulamen- n 2011 au fost ncadrate n cmpul mun-
tului, prezint dovada unei situaii materi- cii 378 de persoane, atunci n I trimestru al
ale prospere. Astfel, la categoria obiecte ce anului 2012 473 de persoane, ceea ce de-
demonstreaz bunstarea persoanei i care not faptul c numrul deinuilor antrenai
implic refuzul la acordarea ajutorului soci- n prestarea unor munci remunerate este n
al snt atribuite bicicleta, televizorul alb-ne- cretere. Salariul mediu lunar nregistrat n
gru, frigiderul, main de splat i telefonul 2011 era de 1291,53 lei, iar n I trimestru
mobil, care snt bunuri de necesitate vital 2012 1228,27 lei.
pentru orice persoan. n acest context,
Potrivit aceleiai surse, cota contribuii-
avocaii parlamentari salut propunerile
lor la asigurri sociale i asigurare medical
Ministerului Muncii Proteciei Sociale i Fa-
obligatorie, transferate de ctre persoanele
miliei de perfecionare a Regulamentului
fizice i juridice care utilizeaz munca con-
menionat, cu precdere a Listei caracteris-
damnailor constituie 0,6% din bugetul
ticilor i punctajului aferent pentru evalua-
total al instituiilor penitenciare.
rea venitului familiei.
Prin urmare, avocaii parlamentari susin
Dreptul la asigurare social72 este o par-
c n cazul n care contribuiile de asigurri
te component a sistemului de protecie
sociale de stat vor fi virate n bugetul de asi-
social, constnd n acordarea unor prestaii
gurri sociale de stat, bugetul instituiilor pe-
de asigurri sociale persoanelor ce au con-
nitenciare nu va avea de suferit semnificativ.
tribuit la Bugetul de Asigurri Sociale de
Stat (BASS), n cazul survenirii unor riscuri ntru aprarea drepturilor i libertilor
asigurate. fundamentale ale omului, avocatul parla-
mentar a propus Parlamentului s examine-
Acest drept ns este ngrdit persoa-
ze oportunitatea de a modifica legislaia, n
nelor ce-i ispesc pedeapsa n instituiile
sensul revizuirii situaiei existente la acest
penitenciare. n pofida faptului c din ve-
capitol.
niturile condamnailor ncadrai n cmpul
muncii se rein contribuiile de asigurri so- n unele adresri la Centru se invoc
ciale, acestea nu snt transferate la BASS, ci probleme legate de asigurarea cu pensii
la instituia penitenciar unde snt deinute a persoanelor care s-au stabilit cu traiul n
aceste persoane. Prin urmare, reieind din strintate.
normele legislative n vigoare, perioada de
munc a condamnailor nu poate fi inclu-
s n stagiu de cotizare, condiie necesar la G.R. a contribuit la bugetul asigu-
stabilirea pensiei pentru limit de vrst, de rrilor sociale din Moldova. Dup
invaliditate etc. stabilirea cu traiul n Slovenia, plata
pensiei i-a fost sistat n Republica
Moldova, n temeiul art. 36 din Legea
71
Anexa nr. 5 al Regulamentului cu privire la modul nr. 156 din 14.10.1998, iar n Slovenia
de stabilire i plat a ajutorului social, aprobat nu i s-a stabilit, deoarece nu a contri-
prin HG nr. 1167 din 16.10.2008;
buit la buget.
72
Constituia Republicii Moldova art. 47, alin. (2).
44
CAPITOLUL I

Condiiile de baz pentru obinerea la prevederile Conveniei. Odat cu ratifica-
dreptului la pensie, n temeiul Legii nr. 156 rea Conveniei, Republica Moldova i-a asu-
din 14.10.1998 snt: atingerea vrstei de mat angajamentul de a respecta i pune n
pensionare (57/62), realizarea stagiului de practic principiile documentului, asigurn-
cotizare de 30 de ani sau minimul de 15 du-se c noile proiecte de acte legislative i
ani i domicilierea pe teritoriul Republicii normative corespund prevederilor acesteia.
Moldova. Respectiv, dreptul ceteanului la Convenia ONU privind drepturile per-
asigurare cu pensie se afl n dependen soanelor cu dizabiliti servete drept ca-
direct de caracterul activitii social-utile dru de referin pentru realizarea cu succes
prestate.73 a reformei sistemului de protecie social n
Din cauza emigrrii masive a populaiei, desfurare n Republica Moldova.
exist situaii n care persoanele care, dei n acest context menionm adoptarea
au contribuit la bugetul de asigurri soci- Legii privind incluziunea social a persoa-
ale de stat n Republica Moldova, rmn n nelor cu dizabiliti75, care stabilete un ca-
afara sistemului de protecie social. Aceas- dru general de garanii i servicii sociale n
t situaie este determinat de faptul c conformitate cu standardele internaionale
nu snt ncheiate acorduri de colaborare privind incluziunea social a acestei cate-
pe segmentul securitii sociale cu statele gorii de persoane. Legea nominalizat pre-
unde lucreaz, iar apoi se stabilesc cu traiul vede asigurarea drepturilor persoanelor cu
muli moldoveni. dizabiliti n egal msur cu ali ceteni
Avocatul parlamentar recomand insti- la protecie social, asisten medical, rea-
tuiilor de resort iniierea cu statele unde bilitare, educaie, munc, via public, me-
emigreaz mai frecvent cetenii Republicii diul fizic, transport, tehnologii i sisteme in-
Moldova a negocierilor pentru ncheierea formaionale, comunicare, utiliti i servicii
unor noi acorduri de colaborare privind asi- la care are acces publicul larg. Aprobarea
gurarea proteciei sociale a moldovenilor. legii vizate constituie prima etap de reali-
zare a Strategiei privind incluziunea social
a persoanelor cu dizabiliti76. Urmtoarele
9. Protecia persoanelor
etape presupun racordarea cadrului nor-
cu dizabiliti mativ n domeniu la standardele noii legi
pentru a asigura implementarea acesteia.
n ultimii ani Republica Moldova a rea- Totodat, este foarte important ca autorit-
lizat anumite progrese n promovarea unor ile responsabile s stabileasc mecanisme
politici, elaborarea de programe ajustate la viabile pentru realizarea plenar a angaja-
standardele europene i internaionale n mentelor asumate de Republica Moldova
domeniul persoanelor cu dizabilitii. privind asigurarea respectrii standardelor
n anul 2012 s-au mplinit doi ani de la internaionale n domeniul drepturilor per-
ratificarea Conveniei ONU privind dreptu- soanelor cu dizabiliti.
rile persoanelor cu dizabiliti (semnat la De asemenea, avnd n vedere statutul
New-York, pe 30 martie 2007),74 Republica Centrului pentru Drepturile Omului ca in-
Moldova demonstrnd voin politic n stituie naional de promovare i protecie
ajustarea legislaiei i practicilor naionale a drepturilor omului, conform Principiilor
de la Paris, avocaii parlamentari consider
Hotrrea Curii Constituionale nr. 4 din
73 oportun de a desemna anume CpDOM n
27.01.2000 privind controlul constituionalitii calitate de mecanism independent pentru
unor prevederi din legile care reglementeaz asi-
gurarea cu pensii a judectorilor, procurorilor, an- Legea nr.60 din 30.03.2012 privind incluziunea
75
chetatorilor Procuraturii i funcionarilor publici, social a persoanelor cu dizabiliti, n vigoare

pct.3. din 27.07.2012.
Legea nr. 166 din 09.07.2010 pentru ratificarea
74
Legea pentru aprobarea Strategiei de incluziune
76
Conveniei Organizaiei Naiunilor Unite privind social a persoanelor cu dizabiliti (20102013)

drepturile persoanelor cu dizabiliti. nr. 169 din 09.07.2010
45
promovarea, protejarea i monitorizarea reabilitarea i incluziunea acestora n soci-

implementrii Conveniei ONU privind etate. Anume din acest considerent avo-
drepturile persoanelor cu dizabiliti77. Or, caii parlamentari recomand autoritilor
n virtutea atribuiilor sale CpDOM dispu- responsabile crearea unui sistem de infor-
ne de experien de colaborare cu diverse mare, inclusiv prin ajustarea la standardele
organizaii neguvernamentale care promo- internaionale a metodelor de colectare i
veaz drepturile persoanelor cu dizabiliti dezagregare a datelor statistice privind per-
i care, de altfel, trebuie s fie implicate n soanele cu dizabiliti.
procesul de monitorizare. Actualmente mai multe instituii pu-
ntre timp, persoanele cu dizabiliti blice au atribuii de eviden, colectare i
au de depit mai multe dificulti pentru prelucrare a datelor privind persoanele cu
a participa ca membri egali ai societii la dizabiliti. Casa Naional de Asigurri So-
viaa public, politic, social, economic ciale i structurile sale teritoriale in eviden-
i cultural. n perioada de referin, nu au a persoanelor cu dizabiliti - beneficiari
fost gsite soluii pentru problemele sesi- de prestaii de asigurri sociale. Autoritile
zate de persoanele cu dizabiliti: prestaii administraiei publice locale, prin interme-
sociale sub nivelul minimului de existen; diul structurilor sale teritoriale de asisten
nivelul sczut de plasare n cmpul muncii; social, in evidena persoanelor cu dizabi-
accesul limitat al persoanelor cu dizabiliti liti - beneficiari ai serviciilor sociale. Mi-
la infrastructura social i mediul informai- nisterul Muncii, Proteciei Sociale i Familiei
onal; tolerana societii fa de problemele n procesul de elaborare i ajustare a poli-
persoanelor cu dizabiliti. ticilor din domeniul dizabilitii se bazea-
Potrivit prevederilor articolului 31 al z pe datele statistice prezentate de Casa
Conveniei ONU privind drepturile persoa- Naional de Asigurri Sociale, autoritile
nelor cu dizabiliti78, statul s-a angajat s administraiei publice locale i Biroul Naio-
acumuleze informaiile corespunztoare, nal de Statistic, dup caz, alte autoriti ale
inclusiv date statistice i de cercetare, pen- administraiei publice centrale i prestatori
tru a avea posibilitatea s formuleze i s de servicii.
implementeze politici menite s contribuie Potrivit informaiei Ministerului Muncii,
la aplicarea Conveniei menionate. Proteciei Sociale i Familiei, la 1 ianuarie
Este important de a se contientiza fap- 2012, n ara noastr erau 179 815 persoa-
tul c o eviden statistic adecvat i real ne cu dizabiliti79, dintre care 14 034 copii.
poate facilita procesul de examinare a pro- Datele statistice pentru ultimii ani denot o
blemelor cu care se confrunt persoanele cretere continu a numrului persoanelor
cu dizabiliti i respectiv elaborarea, im- cu dizabiliti n Republica Moldova.
plementarea unor programe sociale pentru Informaia prezentat de direciile/sec-
iile de asisten social i protecie a fami-
77
Convenia ONU privind drepturile persoanelor liei raionale, la solicitarea avocailor parla-
cu dizabiliti, articolul 33, paragraful 2. Statele mentari, relev faptul c, din numrul total
Pri, n conformitate cu propriile sisteme juridice de persoane cu dizabiliti nregistrate de
i administrative, i vor menine, consolida, de- acestea, 62% snt aduli cu mai multe tipuri
semna sau stabili fiecare un cadru care s includ
unul sau mai multe mecanisme independente,
de dizabiliti, iar 15% - aduli cu deficiene
dup cum este cazul, pentru a promova, proteja psihice i mintale.
i monitoriza implementarea prezentei Conven- Regretabil, dar n Republica Moldova nu
ii. La desemnarea sau stabilirea unui asemenea exist o eviden statistic real privind nu-
mecanism, Statele Pri vor ine cont de princi-
piile referitoare la statutul i funcionarea insti-
mrul persoanelor cu dizabiliti. Instituia
tuiilor naionale pentru protecia i promovarea ombudsmanului a identificat mai multe cir-
drepturilor omului.
78
Convenia ONU privind drepturile persoanelor http://www.mmpsf.gov.md/file/rapoarte/ra-
79
cu dizabiliti, articolul 31, Statistici i colectarea port_dizabilitati.pdf;
datelor.
46
CAPITOLUL I

cumstane care ar influena stabilirea unei Astfel, Ministerul Sntii80 a emis, la
statistici reale: 22.12.2010, Dispoziia nr. 611-d Cu privire
- Autoritatea public ine doar evi- la organizarea accesului la asisten medi-
dena persoanelor cu dizabiliti cal, care prevede evaluarea, crearea sau
care se adreseaz la aceast institu- completarea panourilor informative din
ie, n funcie de competena atribu- cadrul instituiilor medico-sanitare publice,
it prin lege; precum i adaptarea instituiilor la necesi-
tile persoanelor cu dizabiliti n vederea
- Colaborarea defectuoas dintre in-
asigurrii accesului nelimitat al tuturor per-
stituiile medico-sanitare publice i
soanelor n instituiile medicale.
instituiile de protecie social;
n procesul de realizare a investiiilor
- Existena anumitor persoane care,
capitale privind construcia i reconstrucia
din cauza specificului dizabilitii,
obiectivelor de destinaie medical, obli-
nu se adreseaz la nicio autoritate
gatoriu se ine cont de condiia adaptrii
public, cum ar fi cele cu dizabiliti
infrastructurii inclusiv a cilor de acces pre-
psihice severe.
vzute n documentaia de proiectare pen-
tru obiectele nominalizate. n prezent n
Accesul la infrastructura social proces de reconstrucie se afl 35 de centre
de sntate din localitile rurale, unde este
Problema accesului la infrastructura prevzut i se realizeaz adaptarea cilor
social pentru persoanele cu dizabiliti de acces pentru persoanele cu dizabiliti,
rmne a fi n continuare actual. n acest proiectul fiind finanat cu suportul Bncii
context, este imperios necesar ca autoriti- Mondiale.
le responsabile s identifice i s elimine ba- Este salutabil faptul c unul dintre cri-
rierele care mpiedic accesul persoanelor teriile obligatorii incluse n Standardele de
cu nevoi speciale la infrastructura social, evaluare i acreditare a instituiilor medico-
aa cum prevede articolul 9 din Convenia sanitare publice i private este accesul per-
cu privire la drepturile persoanelor cu diza- soanelor cu dizabiliti la instituia medica-
biliti. n acest mod se va contribui direct la l, fapt ce impune adaptarea instituiilor la
asigurarea unei viei independente i parti- necesitile persoanelor cu dizabiliti.
cipative a persoanelor cu dizabiliti.
Ministerul Muncii Proteciei Sociale i
Familiei81 a comunicat c majoritatea in-
Printr-o adresare verbal, o per- stituiilor aflate n subordinea sa (21) snt
soan dependent de scaunul cu ro- adaptate la necesitile persoanelor cu
tile, locuitor al raionului Clrai, s-a dizabiliti locomotorii. Este limitat accesul
plns c nu poate beneficia de servici- persoanelor cu dizabiliti locomotorii n
ile Seciei de asisten social i pro- instituiile care activeaz n ncperi aren-
tecie a familiei Clrai care se afl date, deoarece conform contractului de
la nivelul II al blocului, iar acesta nu arend nu pot direct influena la rezolvarea
este adaptat la nevoile persoanelor problemei date.
cu dizabiliti locomotorii. Din informaia prezentat avocatului
parlamentar de Ministerul Transporturilor i
Infrastructurii Drumurilor82 rezult c toate
Dei autoritile publice centrale de
filialele S Grile i Staiile Auto snt ame-
specialitate raporteaz despre msurile n-
najate cu trotuare i pante de urcare - cobo-
treprinse de adaptare a mediului habitual
rre, au fost create posibiliti de deplasare
la necesitile persoanelor cu dizabiliti, n
fr obstacole pe teritoriul staiilor auto cu
anul 2012, la acest capitol, nu s-a atestat o
mbuntire esenial. Scrisoarea nr.01-9/733 din 30.03.2012
80
Scrisoarea nr. 01-550 din 27.02.20.12

81
Scrisoarea nr.02/2-526 din 07.03.2012

82
47
Respectarea drepturilor omului n Republica Moldova C A P I TO LU L I
acces liber la cldirile administrative, case- dizabiliti. Ci de acces pentru persoanele

le de procurare a biletelor, camera pstrrii cu dizabiliti snt asigurate Biblioteca Na-
bagajelor, WC, peroanele de sosire-plecare. ional i Biblioteca Naional pentru copii
n acelai timp, colaboratorii Centrului Ion Creang. Prin intermediul paginii Web
pentru Drepturile Omului, n cadrul investi- a bibliotecii, este posibil accesarea la dis-
gaiilor efectuate la faa locului, cu antrena- tan a catalogului electronic, bazelor de
rea unei persoane cu dizabiliti, au stabilit date locale, publicaiilor elaborate de bibli-
contrariul. n realitate accesul persoanelor otec, altor informaii. n prezent continu
dependente de scaunul/fotoliul rulant la digitalizarea documentelor din coleciile Bi-
staiile auto este dificil, iar pe alocuri chiar bliotecii Naionale i crearea Bibliotecii Na-
imposibil (cum ar fi accesul la WC-ul public). ionale Digitale Moldavica (www.moldavi-
La multe staii auto, cum ar fi cea din Vul- ca.md), care deja conine 2700 de obiecte
cneti, adaptarea este formal, deoarece digitale.
cu greu poate fi utilizat chiar i cu ajutorul n subordinea ministerului activeaz 5
unei tere persoane. muzee, toate fiind asigurate cu ci de acces
pentru persoanele cu dizabiliti. Situaia e
valabil i pentru instituiile teatral-concer-
tistice.
n realitate persoanele cu dizabiliti se
confrunt cu dificulti de acces. Asta pen-
tru c pantele instalate snt de fapt imprac-
ticabile. La Biblioteca Naional, spre exem-
plu, rampa nu poate fi folosit deoarece o
persoan cu dizabiliti nu este n stare s
se deplaseze pe ea nici cu ajutorul unei alte
persoane. Aceeai situaie se atest i la
Muzeul Naional de Arheologie i Istorie a
Moldovei. Mai mult, la Muzeul Naional de
Arheologie i Istorie a Moldovei persoanele
Mun. Chiinu, intrarea n Gara de Nord
cu dizabiliti nu au nicio ans s viziteze
expoziia arheologic vernisat la etajul II
deoarece aici nu exist ci de acces pentru
aceast categorie de ceteni.
O analiz a situaiei cu privire la accesul
persoanelor cu dizabiliti la infrastructura
social a fost efectuat de Centrul pentru
Drepturile Omului din Moldova n 2010, n
Raportul tematic Accesul persoanelor cu
nevoi speciale la infrastructura social: rea-
litate i necesitate84. n anul 2012 instituia
ombudsmanului a elaborat un alt raport la
tem: Accesul la educaie a tinerilor i copi-
ilor cu dizabiliti locomotorii85. Regretabil,
dar situaia nu s-a modificat esenial.
WC-ul public de la Gara de Sud
n informaia83 oferit, Ministerul Cultu-

rii susine c instituiile aflate n subordine
snt adaptate la necesitile persoanelor cu
http://www.ombudsman.md/md/tematice/;
84
83
Scrisoarea nr. 07-09/443 din 28.02.2012 http://www.ombudsman.md/md/tematice/;
85
48
C A P I TO LU L I

Muzeul Naional de Arheologie i Istorie a Moldovei
Accesul pe piaa muncii rea integrrii profesionale a persoanelor cu

dizabiliti. Integrarea deplin a acestora n
n anul 2012 au fost nregistrate une- societate va fi posibil, inclusiv prin deschi-
le progrese n ceea ce privete integrarea derea unei piee a muncii pentru categoria
persoanelor cu dizabiliti pe piaa muncii, vizat, asigurarea cu profesioniti care s
dar mai exist multe probleme n domeniu. le ghideze i crearea unor locuri de munc
Astfel, potrivit datelor Ageniei Naionale adaptate necesitilor.
pentru Ocuparea Forei de Munc86, n anul Sporirea gradului de integrare profesio-
de referin au fost nregistrate ca omeri nal a persoanelor cu dizabiliti trebuie s
494 de persoane cu dizabiliti, dintre care constituie o prioritate n politicile statului.
102 au fost angajate n cmpul muncii. 29 Adaptarea rezonabil trebuie s se fac i-
de persoane cu dizabiliti au participat la nnd cont de nevoile persoanelor cu diza-
cursuri de formare profesional, dintre care biliti i de nevoile angajatorilor, astfel cre-
20 au fost plasate n cmpul muncii. Avoca- ndu-se oportuniti egale pe piaa muncii.
ii parlamentari susin msurile ntreprinse Avnd n vedere dispoziiile Conveniei
de Agenie, n special, angajarea celor 43 de privind drepturile persoanelor cu dizabili-
specialiti care se vor axa pe prestarea ser- ti cu referire la consultarea i implicarea
viciilor de ocupare a forei de munc pentru persoanelor cu dizabiliti n elaborarea i
persoanele din grupurile social vulnerabile, implementarea legislaiei i politicilor na-
inclusiv a celor cu dizabiliti. ionale, care vizeaz persoanele cu diza-
Totodat, avocaii parlamentari n- biliti, considerm relevante sugestiile
deamn autoritile responsabile s depu- parvenite de la persoane cu dizabiliti, or-
n n continuare eforturi pentru promova- ganizaiile care activeaz n domeniul pro-
teciei persoanelor cu dizabiliti, care se
confrunt nemijlocit cu aceste probleme.
Scrisoarea nr.1-45 din 25.01.2013
86
49
n acest context, liderii organizaiilor persoanelor cu dizabiliti s fie implicate i

neguvernamentale preocupate de protec- consultate persoanele cu dizabiliti.
ia drepturilor persoanelor cu dizabiliti au Avocaii parlamentari apreciaz acorda-
criticat dur modificrile87 operate n Regu- rea de faciliti91 pentru ntreprinderile spe-
lamentul cu privire la modul de acordare a cializate drept o msur eficient n scopul
scutirii de TVA la importul materiei prime, plasrii n cmpul muncii a persoanelor cu
materialelor, articolelor de completare i dizabiliti. Totodat, avocaii parlamentari
accesoriilor necesare procesului propriu de snt de prerea c obiectivul de incluziune a
producie de ctre organizaiile i ntreprin- persoanelor cu dizabiliti pe piaa forei de
derile societilor orbilor, societilor surzi- munc nu va fi realizat fr de extinderea
lor i societilor invalizilor. Dei au la baz facilitilor guvernamentale i pentru ntre-
o intenie bun, potrivit liderilor organiza- prinderile obinuite care angajeaz persoa-
iilor menionate, modificrile88 operate n ne cu nevoi speciale.
Regulamentul menionat vor avea drept
Avocaii parlamentari au fost sesizai
rezultat nrutirea situaiei persoanelor
att de persoane care se confrunt cu pro-
cu dizabiliti. Or, nsprirea cerinelor89
bleme la asigurarea cu mijloace ajuttoare
fa de aceste ntreprinderi pentru benefi-
tehnice, ct i de specialiti care activeaz
ciere de scutiri de TVA va conduce treptat
n acest domeniu, cu referire la unele im-
la falimentarea lor. Liderii organizaiilor din
perfeciuni ale Regulamentului cu privire
domeniul proteciei drepturilor persoane-
la modul de asigurare a unor categorii de
lor cu dizabiliti i avocaii parlamentari au
ceteni cu mijloace ajuttoare tehnice,
formulat propuneri la acest capitol n Rezo-
aprobat prin Hotrrea Guvernului nr. 567
luia Mesei Rotunde Realizarea dreptului la
din 26.07.2011.
munc pentru persoanele cu dizabiliti n
Republica Moldova90. Cele mai stringente probleme invocate
odat cu aprobarea Regulamentului no-
De asemenea, avocaii parlamentari
minalizat se refer la necesitatea achitrii
recomand autoritilor ca la elaborarea i
integrale a costului mijloacelor ajuttoare
implementarea legislaiei i politicilor pen-
tehnice, inclusiv nclminte ortopedic
tru aplicarea Conveniei i n alte procese
pentru copiii nencadrai n grad de invali-
de luare a deciziilor cu privire la problemele
ditate, precum i modalitatea de achitare a
87
Hotrrea Guvernului nr.28 din 13.01.2012 pentru cheltuielilor ce in de deplasarea benefici-
modificarea i completarea Regulamentului cu arilor la Centrul Republican Experimental
privire la modul de acordare a scutirii de TVA la Protezare, Ortopedie i Reabilitare (CRE-
importul materiei prime, materialelor, articolelor POR).
de completare i accesoriilor necesare procesu-
lui propriu de producie de ctre organizaiile i n particular, Regulamentul stabilete
ntreprinderile societilor orbilor, societilor categoriile de persoane care beneficiaz
surzilor i societilor invalizilor. de asigurare gratuit, reducere parial la
88
Hotrrea Guvernului nr.28 din 13.01.2012 pentru procurarea mijloacelor ajuttoare tehnice,
modificarea i completarea Regulamentului cu inclusiv nclminte ortopedic complica-
privire la modul de acordare a scutirii de TVA la t, special i pe proteze. n conformitate
importul materiei prime, materialelor, articolelor
cu prevederile pct.4 din Regulament, pot
de completare i accesoriilor necesare procesu-
lui propriu de producie de ctre organizaiile i beneficia gratuit de mijloace ajuttoare
ntreprinderile societilor orbilor, societilor
surzilor i societilor invalizilor. Art. 36 din Legea privind incluziunea social a
91
89
Conform pct. 4 alin.5) Salariul mediu lunar achitat persoanelor cu dizabiliti nr. 60 din 30.03.2012.
salariailor cu dizabiliti constituie cel puin 2/3
din salariul mediu pe economie.
90
www.ombudsman.md
50
CAPITOLUL I

tehnice, inclusiv nclminte ortopedic, le tipuri de dizabiliti. Mai mult, aceste re-
pe lng categoriile specificate, doar copiii forme nu corespund cerinelor Conveniei
invalizi pn la vrsta de 18 ani92. Respectiv, privind drepturile persoanelor cu dizabili-
copiii care necesit nclminte ortopedi- ti cu referire la diagnosticarea timpurie,
c complicat, dar nu snt ncadrai n grad intervenia n caz de necesitate i oferirea
de invaliditate nu pot beneficia de faciliti serviciilor cu scopul de a reduce la mini-
la procurare. mum i a preveni apariia dizabilitilor,
inclusiv n rndul copiilor i persoanelor n
etate.
Potrivit informaiei furnizate de
CREPOR, preul efectiv mediu al n- Potrivit adresrilor parvenite la Centrul
clmintei ortopedice pentru aduli pentru Drepturile Omului, beneficiarii CRE-
constituie 1575 lei, iar pentru copii - POR-lui ntmpin dificulti serioase atunci
de la 1561 lei pn la 1639 lei. n peri- cnd este necesar s se prezinte pentru
oada septembrie 2011 - iunie 2012 n a efectua msurile de ajustare i ulterior
611 cazuri a fost refuzat procurarea pentru a primi mijloacele tehnice solicita-
nclmintei speciale pentru copii. te. Aceast situaie este cauzat de faptul
c nu este stabilit mecanismul cu privire la
activitatea echipelor medico-tehnice, a di-
Astfel, muli prini, din cauza posibili- reciilor/seciilor de asisten social i pro-
tilor financiare reduse, refuz procurarea tecie a familiei, precum i modalitatea de
nclmintei ortopedice speciale pentru achitare a cheltuielilor ce in de deplasarea
reabilitarea i stoparea maladiei n cazul beneficiarilor la CREPOR.
copiilor nencadrai n grad de invaliditate.
Specialitii n domeniul ortopediei snt n-
grijorai de faptul c, din lipsa nclmintei n adresarea la CpDOM cet. E.M. din
ortopedice corespunztoare, n perspec- or. Ungheni menioneaz: Snt inva-
tiva apropiat aceti copii ar putea fi n- lid de gradul I din copilrie, de 2 ori
cadrai n grad de invaliditate. Or, potrivit pe an trebuie s m deplasez la Chi-
specialitilor n domeniu, neasigurarea la inu, la Centrul de Protezare pentru
timp a copiilor cu maladii i afeciuni ale apa- a comanda nclmintea i apoi la
ratului locomotor cu mijloace ajuttoare teh- msur. Aa cum nu pot s m urc
nice, inclusiv nclminte ortopedic timp de n transportul public am nevoie de o
civa ani, va duce la agravarea dizabilitii unitate de transport s m deplasez
locomotorii i la majorarea contingentului de la Chiinu. La sfritul lunii mai am
copii invalizi. primit chemare la Centrul de Prote-
zare. M-am adresat la primrie, apoi
Astfel, aceste reglementri, n opinia m-am adresat la asistentul social,
avocailor parlamentari, ct i a medicilor, care mi-a spus c nu poate face nimic
nu snt orientate spre prevenirea apariiei pentru mine.
dizabilitii, ci dimpotriv, favorizeaz une-
Regulamentul cu privire la modul de asigurare a

92 Dei la intervenia avocatului parlamen-
unor categorii de ceteni cu mijloace ajuttoa- tar cazul descris a fost soluionat, rmne
re tehnice, aprobat prin Hotrrea Guvernului incert situaia n multe alte cazuri similare.
nr. 567 din 26.07.2011, 4. Mijloacele ajuttoare Or, este necesar de inut cont de faptul c
tehnice, inclusiv nclmintea ortopedic com-
beneficiarii serviciilor prestate de CREPOR
plicat, special i pe proteze, se prescriu i se
elibereaz: 1)n mod gratuit persoanelor cu snt persoane cu dizabiliti, iar cuantumul
dizabiliti locomotorii (din rndul invalizilor de prestaiilor sociale acordate acestei cate-
gradele I, II i III, indiferent de cauza invalidit- gorii de persoane este mult prea mic, nu
ii; veteranilor muncii i de rzboi; pensionarilor acoper cel puin minimul de existen. n
pentru limit de vrst (cu excepia nclmintei plus, trebuie de accentuat c n unele ca-
speciale); copiilor invalizi pn la vrsta de 18 ani);
zuri beneficiarii necesit a fi nsoii de o
51
ter persoan. Din aceste considerente re- cretizarea modalitii de intervenire a seci-
comandm efectuarea unei evaluri pentru ilor/direciilor asisten social i protecie
a fi stabilit posibilitatea achitrii cheltuie- a familiei.
lilor ce in de deplasarea beneficiarilor la Prestaiile sociale acordate persoanelor
CREPOR. De asemenea se impune regle- ncadrate n grad de invaliditate rmn n
mentarea modului de activitate a echipei continuare extrem de mici, n raport cu ne-
medico-tehnice din cadrul CREPOR i con- cesitile lor vitale.
Numrul beneficiarilor Mrimea medie de prestaie

Categoriile de beneficiari
(persoane) (lei)
Pensii de invaliditate 133 645 779-91
Alocaii sociale de stat
pentru persoane vrstnice 4027 102-95
pentru invalizi 5732 105-63
pentru invalizi din copilrie 26 743 290-48
pentru copii invalizi n vrst de pn la 18 ani 14753 297-35
n cazul pierderii ntreintorului 3961 134-08
Mrimea pensiei minime:
- de invaliditate de gr. I - 499-80
- de invaliditate de gr. II - 482-64
- de invaliditate de gr. III - 339-85
Sursa: Casa Naional de Asigurri Sociale, la situaia din 01 ianuarie 2013
Dei Republica Moldova a recunoscut cu dizabiliti, subdezvoltarea programelor

standardele internaionale care au devenit de sprijin n comunitate pentru persoanele
parte component a cadrului legal naio- cu dizabiliti mintale. Analiza respectrii
nal, a realizat reforme i programe naiona- drepturilor omului n instituiile de sn-
le privind sntatea mintal, persoanele cu tate mintal este reflectat n Studiu pri-
dizabiliti mintale se confrunt n continu- vind respectarea drepturilor omului n in-
are cu stigmatizarea, izolarea i discrimina- stituiile de sntate mintal din Republica
rea bazat pe dizabilitate, care snt adesea Moldova93. Avnd n vedere complexitatea
agravate de stereotipuri i prejudeci. n studiului, precum i multitudinea aspec-
opinia avocailor parlamentari, statul nu a telor ce urmeaz a fi abordate, acesta va fi
depus suficiente eforturi pentru a mbun- finalizat n anul urmtor i va conine reco-
ti viaa acestor persoane, dar i de a ajusta mandrile de rigoare ale avocailor parla-
legislaia, politicile i practicile la cerinele mentari.
i standardele internaionale. Aceste con- Totodat, avocaii parlamentari reite-
cluzii au la baz informaiile acumulate de reaz necesitatea armonizrii legislaiei
Centrul pentru Drepturile Omului n cadrul naionale cu reglementrile internaionale
vizitelor de monitorizare n spitalele de psi- pentru asigurarea dezinstituionalizrii, n-
hiatrie i internatele psihoneurologice din deamn autoritile publice de a depune
ar. eforturi semnificative n construirea unei
Rezultatele monitorizrii denot exis- societi inclusive care s creeze premise
tena mai multor probleme legate de rea- pentru reabilitarea, integrarea i participa-
lizarea deplin a drepturilor omului pentru rea persoanelor cu dizabiliti la viaa co-
aceste categorii de persoane: progrese ne- munitar.
semnificative n aplicarea la nivel naional a
Conveniei privind drepturile persoanelor 93
www.ombudsman.md / rapoarte/rapoarte tema-
tice
52
CAPITOLUL I

10. Dreptul la un mediu lipsesc strategii educaionale n domeniul
nconjurtor sntos ecologiei, predomin atitudinea de consu-
mator, iar aceste triste realiti pot avea con-
secine din cele mai grave pentru mediul n-
Recunoaterea i garantarea constitui-
conjurtor. De aceea, se impune o schimbare
onal94 a dreptului la un mediu nconjurtor
radical a mentalitii n societatea noastr,
sntos amplific obligaiile autoritilor
o mobilizare general a tuturor cetenilor
publice de a proteja mediul, de a repara
pentru asigurarea unui mediu sntos.
prejudiciile ecologice i sanciona atinge-
rile aduse mediului, a armoniza legislaia Un prim i foarte important pas n acest
naional la normele internaionale. sens este educarea ecologic corect a ti-
nerii generaii. De rnd cu diverse campanii
Protecia mediului a devenit un impe-
sociale de anvergur, pe lng exemple per-
rativ al timpului, o oportunitate cu caracter
sonale i de rezonan social, de implicare
universal. Preocuprile privind pstrarea
i atitudine, este necesar educarea siste-
unui mediu sntos vizeaz ameliorarea
matic a tinerilor n cadrul unor programe
condiiilor de via ale omului, menine-
elaborate de specialiti pentru un obiect
rea echilibrului ecologic, a ecosistemelor
colar aparte - ecologia.
din care fiina uman face parte integrant.
Existena mediului ambiant sntos repre- n acest context, avocatul parlamentar a
zint o condiie a realizrii drepturilor fun- propus Ministerului Educaiei introducerea
damentale ale omului: dreptului la sntate disciplinei Ecologia n curriculumul colar.
fizic i moral i dreptului la via. Aceas- Susinem ideea c atitudinea copilului
ta implic pstrarea calitii principalelor fa de natur se formeaz n baza cuno-
componente ale mediului aerului, apei, tinelor teoretice pe care le posed i a ac-
solului, florei i faunei n condiiile unei dez- tivitii practice n raport cu mediul. Astfel,
voltri durabile. apare necesitatea constituirii i dezvoltrii
Aciunea de protecie a mediului se unei culturi ecologice a omului contempo-
poate realiza pe deplin numai prin asoci- ran, neleas ca un ansamblu de informaii
erea msurilor de ordin juridic i adminis- capabile s determine convingeri i atitu-
trativ cu cele de ordin educaional. Schim- dini constructive, responsabile, fa de pro-
barea mentalitii oamenilor nu este deloc tecia, conservarea i ameliorarea mediului
uoar, dar fr o educaie n acest sens ambiant.
orice aciune de ocrotire a mediului este Aceast oportunitate absolut, de o
sortit eecului. Este de menionat c edu- rezonan social deosebit, cu siguran
caia ecologic ocup un loc important n trebuie s se nscrie n Strategia Sectorial
politicile statelor UE la care aspir Republi- de Dezvoltare a Educaiei pentru anii 2012
ca Moldova. 2020, elaborat de Ministerul Educai-
Dezechilibrul ecologic existent la nivel ei, care va constitui principalul document
global trezete ngrijorri i motiveaz spo- de politici n domeniul educaiei. n acest
rirea cererii de educaie ecologic. Snta- context se impune stabilirea moderniz-
tea planetei depinde de atitudinea fiecrui rii nvmntului prin ecologizare drept
cetean fa de ecosistemul cu care inter- obiectiv general al acestei Strategii. Avoca-
acioneaz. Prin urmare, educaia ecologic ii parlamentari susin propunerile Micrii
trebuie s devin o preocupare permanen- Ecologiste din Moldova care se rezum la
t a tuturor cadrelor didactice. ecologizarea sistemului de nvmnt de
toate nivelurile i a instituiilor de stat. Cu
Regretabil, dar populaia Republicii Mol-
siguran aceste propuneri snt dictate de
dovei are n mare parte o abordare simplist
timp i se nscriu n dreptul fundamental la
a problemei polurii mediului ambiant. Si-
un mediu nconjurtor sntos.
tuaia se datoreaz i faptului c n Moldova
De asemenea, avocaii parlamentari
consider important dezvoltarea i pu-
Articolul 37, Constituia Republicii Moldova.
94
53
nerea n aplicare a unui mecanism de in- rul raport periodic date dezagregate pentru
formare a publicului conform dispoziiilor fiecare regiune n parte cu privire la progre-
Conveniei de la Aarhus95, care prevede c sul nregistrat n aceast privin.
procedurile prin care autoritile de stat Legea apelor98 a fost adoptat la
furnizeaz publicului informaii ecologice 23.12.2011 i va intra n vigoare la
s fie clare i informaia ecologic s fie ac- 26.10.2013. Prin urmare, este necesar
cesibil. adoptarea actelor normative care ar pune
n aplicare aceast lege. ntre timp, lipsa
Dreptul la ap apei n localitile rurale, nemaivorbind
de calitatea acesteia, cu precdere n anul
Apa este un factor important n echili- 2012, care a fost un an secetos, a afectat
brele ecologice, iar poluarea acesteia este o considerabil sursele de ap99.
problem actual cu consecine grave asu- Pe de alt parte, accesul redus la siste-
pra sntii populaiei. n acest context mele de alimentare cu ap potabil i ca-
susinem c asigurarea populaiei cu ap nalizare, drept consecin, duce la poluarea
calitativ este vital i trebuie s constitu- apelor freatice i subterane. Relevante n
ie o prioritate naional. Problema calitii contextul situaiei ecologice snt cazurile
apei consumate de populaie a fost menio- mediatizate100 privitor la apa cu viermi li-
nat n declaraiile specialitilor la Conferin- vrat ctre populaia din oraul Nisporeni,
a Internaional Provocrile din sectorul precum i despre poluarea mediului n satul
ap i canalizare n Republica Moldova96, a Calfa, raionul Anenii Noi, urmare a activitii
fost evideniat de forurile internaionale. unor ferme de psri i a amplasrii unei gu-
Mai cu seam, Comitetul pentru drep- noiti neautorizate. La solicitarea avocatului
turile economice, sociale i culturale97 i-a parlamentar, Ministerul Mediului i Centrul
exprimat ngrijorarea c numai jumtate de Sntate Public Nisporeni au efectuat
din populaie are acces la ap potabil i investigaiile de rigoare, s-a dispus realiza-
sisteme de canalizare: (doar 26,7 procente rea auditului ecologic al activitii agentului
n zonele rurale) i c, n cazul surselor lo- economic, care ar putea fi o surs de polua-
cale, apa este de o calitate din ce n ce mai re a mediului. Respectiv, au fost ntreprinse
proast, aa cum este menionat n raportul msuri de ameliorare a situaiei ecologice
periodic (art.11). Comitetul recomand sta- n aceste localiti, inclusiv de sancionare
tului-parte s adopte urgent proiectul legii a agentului economic. n ansamblu proble-
apei i s ia toate msurile necesare pentru ma rmne ns nesoluionat. Avocaii par-
a asigura cu suficient, sigur, acceptabil, lamentari cheam autoritile responsabile
fizic accesibil i disponibil ap pentru uz de mediu i sntatea public s-i conso-
personal i uz casnic, acordnd atenie apar- lideze eforturile n realizarea msurilor re-
te celor mai dezavantajate i marginalizate zonabile i adecvate, capabile s protejeze
persoane i grupuri, inclusiv romi. Comite- viaa i sntatea omului.
tul cere statului-parte s includ n urmto- O alt problem serioas, n opinia
noastr, ar fi discrepana dintre tarifele sta-
95
Convenia din 25.06.98 privind accesul la infor- bilite pentru serviciile de ap i canalizare
maie, justiie i participarea publicului la adop- n diferite localiti, care actualmente se
tarea deciziilor n domeniul mediului. Articolul aprob de autoritile publice locale.
5. Culegerea i difuzarea informaiei ecologice.
96
Chiinu, 6 noiembrie 2012, Conferina s-a
desfurat n cadrul proiectului Asisten Tehni- Legea nr. 272 din 23.12.2011, Monitorul Oficial
98
c pentru punerea n aplicare a Programului de nr.81/264 din 26.04.2012

Susinere a Politicilor de Sector n Domeniul Ape- 99
http://www.expresul.com/2012/10/29/drumul-
lor i finanat de Uniunea European. apei-potabile-spre-comuna-manoilesti-lung-si-
97
Geneva, 04-05 mai 2011, Sesiunea a 46-a a Comi- anevoios/
tetului pentru drepturile economice, sociale i 100
Prime.tv, Publika.md, 27.08.2012, www.ombuds-
culturale, pct. 21. man.md
54
CAPITOLUL I

Tariful aprobat
Tariful aprobat pentru
pentru serviciile de
serviciile de canalizare, Decizia
aprovizionare
lei/m3
Localitatea cu ap potabil, lei/m3
Consu- Consu-
Ageni Ageni
matori matori
economici economici
casnici casnici
Nr. 8/11 din
Chiinu 8,98 12,70 3,31 10,26
15.09.2009
Nr.8 din
Vulcneti 14,00 37,00 14,00 35,00
27.09.2011
Nr.5/3(41/3)din
Cahul 6,00-12,00 27,97 3,00-4,00 6,00
31.03.2010
Anenii Noi, Nr.06/9-2 din
14,65 37,00 3,00 7,00
s. Maximovca 06.12.2012
Nr.4.2.2 din
Orhei 14,85 25,20 5,20 31,50
08.04.2011
Nr.18/2 din
Comrat 12,50 37,00 12,50 37,00
29.12.2011
Nr.6/48 din
Bli 11,08 23,64 3,90 17,01
27.10.2011
Prin urmare, tabloul general denot Eventual, ar fi oportun stabilirea de o au-

tarife mai mari n teritoriu, fa de oraele toritate central a tarifelor la serviciile de
mari, n timp ce datele statistice arat c aprovizionare cu ap potabil. Este impe-
veniturile disponibile (ctigul salarial) snt rios necesar ca autoritile s ia n calcul
mai mici n teritoriu. Spre exemplu, n mun. recomandrile ONU cu referire la dreptul
Chiinu ctigul salarial mediu a constituit omului la ap: dreptul la ap d tuturor po-
4172,8 lei fa de 2775,4 lei n Anenii Noi. sibilitatea de acces la ap suficient, accep-
Astfel, accesul la acest serviciu n teritoriu tabil, sigur din punct de vedere calitativ,
este mai redus. accesibil fizic i la preuri suportabile pentru
scopuri personale i domestice101. Preuri
n baza unei petiii parvenite la Cp- suportabile nseamn c preul la serviciile
DOM, a fost sesizat Oficiul Teritorial de ap i sanitaie trebuie s fie de un nivel
al Cancelariei de Stat Cueni privind care s nu compromit posibilitatea de pla-
controlul legalitii unei decizii pu- t a altor necesiti eseniale garantate, pre-
blice locale cu privire la aprobarea ta- cum hrana, locuina i ngrijirea sntii.
rifelor la ap i canalizare. Urmare a Totodat, n condiiile actuale, cnd ta-
controlului efectuat, Oficiul Teritorial rifele snt stabilite de autoritile publice
a notificat autoritatea public local locale, avocaii parlamentari recomand
de a abroga deciziile respective i de oficiilor teritoriale ale Cancelariei de Stat s
a aproba noi tarife n conformitate cu verifice minuios deciziile luate la nivel lo-
metodologia ANRE. cal, n sensul corespunderii Metodologiei
determinrii, aprobrii i aplicrii tarifelor
pentru serviciile publice de alimentare cu
Avocaii parlamentari recomand Gu- ap, de canalizare i epurare a apelor uzate,
vernului evaluarea situaiei la acest capitol aprobate prin Hotrrea Consiluiului de ad-
i identificarea unor soluii astfel nct s ministraie al ANRE nr.164 din 29.11.2004.
se asigure o echitate social a cetenilor.
Comentariul General al ICESCR nr. 15 din 2002
101
55
Gestionarea deeurilor serviciilor de gestionare a deeurilor, n spe-

cial din mediul rural; eliminarea depozitelor
O surs semnificativ de poluare a me- neautorizate i transferul de deeuri auto-
diului o constituie deeurile menajere. Ges- rizate din zonele de protecie a bazinelor
tionarea necorespunztoare a deeurilor acvatice.
rmne n continuare o problem acut.
Un risc major pentru mediul nconjurtor Avocatul parlamentar s-a autose-
din Republica Moldova l reprezint depo- sizat n legtur cu modul de exploa-
zitarea deeurilor pe sol (metoda cea mai tare i depozitare a deeurilor la pe-
utilizat pentru eliminarea deeurilor), de- riferia or. Cimilia. Fiind ngrijorat de
oarece, n urma descompunerii, acestea pericolul iminent asupra mediului i,
devin periculoase, cauznd prejudiciu prin respectiv, asupra sntii populai-
infiltrarea toxinelor n sol i emisii de gaze ei, ombudsmanul a solicitat Ministe-
n atmosfer. Volumul deeurilor menajere rului Sntii i Ministerului Mediu-
se majoreaz an de an102, fapt ce implic lui, preedintelui raionului Cimilia
msuri urgente pentru remedierea situaiei, dispunerea investigaiilor de rigoare
prin elaborarea i implementarea politicilor pe acest caz. Urmare a controlului
i strategiilor n domeniul gestionrii dee- efectuat de Ministerul Sntii, sta-
urilor menajere solide i responsabilizarea rea sanitaro-ecologic a teritoriului
sistemului instituional al gestionrii dee- poligonului i a terenului adiacent
urilor, bazat pe conlucrarea ntre organele au fost apreciate ca nesatisfctoare.
administraiei publice centrale i locale. Rezultatele au fost prezentate prim-
Regretabil, dar depozitarea se efectueaz n riei pentru elaborarea unui plan de
lipsa unor reglementri procedurale apro- msuri.
bate pentru selectarea, construirea (ame-
najarea) i autorizarea terenurilor (locurilor) n cadrul unei conferine de pres, a
destinate eliminrii deeurilor, astfel cren- ntrevederilor cu factori de decizie din Re-
du-se gunoiti neautorizate. publica Moldova i Ucraina, precum i n
n prezent, potrivit Inspectoratului Eco- adresarea ctre preedintele Republicii
logic de Stat, funcioneaz 1867 de depozi- Moldova, avocatul parlamentar a abordat
te menajere solide, dintre care doar 15 snt problema siguranei ecologice a fluviului
construite i amenajate conform proiec- Nistru, situaie ce amenin direct snta-
telor de execuie avizate pozitiv de Exper- tea i viaa populaiei, ca urmare a supran-
tiza Ecologic de Stat. 1009 snt depozite crcrii minei de potasiu din localitatea Ka-
conforme, construite n lipsa proiectelor lu, regiunea Ivano-Frankovsk, Ucraina103.
de execuie, iar 843 - depozite neconforme, Ombudsmanii susin c protecia i dez-
care nu corespund cerinelor sanitaro-eco- voltarea durabil a bazinului rului Nistru
logice. trebuie s constituie unul dintre domeniile
prioritare de cooperare dintre Republica
Avocaii parlamentari reitereaz necesi- Moldova i Ucraina.
tatea evalurii situaiei ecologice din preaj-
ma locurilor de depozitare a deeurilor i
determinarea gradului de pericol pentru 11. Dreptul de proprietate
populaie. Ei recomand ca autoritile pu- privat i protecia acesteia
blice locale i centrale, ONG-le i partenerii
de dezvoltare s coopereze mai strns n
Proprietatea a stat la baza dezvoltrii
acest scop. De asemenea, ombudsmanii
sociale a omenirii. Dei are multiple nele-
consider imperios necesar dezvoltarea
suri, proprietatea desemneaz chiar drep-
tul de proprietate.
102
Volumul total de deeuri menajere solide acumu-
late pe parcursul anului 2012 constituie 4641, 95 www.ombudsman.md
103
mii m3
56
CAPITOLUL I

Fiind un drept n continu evoluie, naintarea propunerilor de expropriere n
acesta mereu i mbogete coninutul conformitate cu legislaia105.
su prin apariia i reglementarea dreptu- Din cei 41 de proprietari ai loturilor de
lui de proprietate intelectual, prin dez- pmnt propuse pentru expropriere doar
voltarea proprietii mobiliare i imobiliare unul a acceptat condiiile de expropriere,
etc. ali 40 de proprietari nu au ajuns la un acord
n literatura juridic dreptul de propri- asupra exproprierii de utilitate public, fapt
etate este definit prin diferite forme, ns pentru care au naintat aciune civil n in-
atributele de baz rmn a fi posesia, folo- stana de judecat106.
sina i dispoziia. Totodat, petiionarii au sesizat Institu-
Constituia Republicii Moldova prevede ia avocailor parlamentari privind inechita-
garantarea dreptului de proprietate privat tea condiiilor de expropriere i a stabilirii
de ctre stat i stabilete direct c nimeni cuantumului despgubirii, considernd c
nu poate fi expropriat dect pentru o cauz astfel le snt lezate drepturile constituio-
de utilitate public stabilit potrivit legii, cu nale.
dreapt i prealabil despgubire104. Urmare a examinrii circumstanelor
Potrivit art.1 din Protocolul nr.1 al Con- invocate, avocatul parlamentar, n temeiul
veniei Europene pentru Drepturile Omului art.74 CPC RM, a naintat cerere instanei
la care Republica Moldova este parte, res- de judecat n sensul depunerii concluzii-
pectarea bunurilor oricrei persoane fizice lor asupra pricinii n curs de examinare. n
sau juridice este garantat i ...nimeni nu prezent cauzele civile se afl n proces de
poate fi lipsit de proprietatea sa dect pen- examinare, reprezentanii Ageniei Relaii
tru o cauz de utilitate public i n condiiile Funciare i Cadastru solicitnd timp pentru
prevzute de lege i de principiile generale ale examinarea raportului de evaluare a tere-
dreptului internaional. nurilor n litigiu.
Potrivit Hotrrii Guvernului nr.186 din Analiznd condiiile legislative de expro-
09.03.2009 Cu privire la unele msuri pri- priere, Instituia avocailor parlamentari a
vind asigurarea activitii Portului Inter- ajuns la concluzia c valoarea despgubirii
naional Liber Giurgiuleti, Agenia Relaii de expropriere trebuie apreciat la momen-
Funciare i Cadastru, n conformitate cu tul exproprierii efective.
legislaia n vigoare, a fost mputernicit Indiferent cine stabilete cuantumul
s asigure prin intermediul ntreprinderilor despgubirii, el trebuie stabilit la un mo-
subordonate, realizarea prevederilor n ca- ment foarte apropiat de acela al expropri-
uz, precum i efectuarea lucrrilor, elabo- erii efective, de preferin naintea acestuia
rarea documentaiei respective i realizarea i fr a se ine seama de sporul de valoare
tranzaciilor ce in de exproprierea bunuri- pe care terenul l-a dobndit tocmai ca ur-
lor imobile (terenuri i construcii) proprie-
tate privat, situate pe amplasamentul lu- 105
Conform art.9 din Legea nr.488 din 08.07.99 pri-
crrilor de utilitate public din extravilanul vind exproprierea pentru cauz de utilitate pu-
blic, n cazul exproprierii de locuin sau teren,
satului Giurgiuleti, raionul Cahul. proprietarului i se propune n proprietate o alt
ntru realizarea Hotrrii nominalizate, locuin sau un alt teren, iar dac costul locuin-
statul a supus exproprierii pentru cauz de ei propuse sau a terenului propus este mai mic
dect cel al locuinei expropriate sau al terenului
utilitate public de interes naional de con-
expropriat, expropriatorul va plti diferena din-
strucie a Portului Internaional Liber Giur- tre costul locuinei expropriate sau al terenului
giuleti 41 de terenuri proprietate privat expropriate i cel al locuinei propuse sau al te-
din comuna Giurgiuleti, raionul Cahul, cu renului propus.
106
Art. 13 din Legea nr. 488 din 08.07.99 privind ex-
104
Art.46 din Constituia Republicii Moldova proprierea pentru cauz de utilitate public.
57
mare a lucrrii de utilitate public. Astfel, lui V.C., pentru a efectua aciuni n privina
exproprierea pentru cauz de utilitate pu- cotelor agricole i ale cotelor valorice ale
blic, pe de o parte, creeaz o plusvaloare lor, fapt adeverit i de cotai.
pentru proprietar iar, pe de alta, l priveaz Circumstanele stabilite n cadrul in-
de dreptul su de proprietate. Or, n aceste vestigaiei efectuate demonstreaz c pro-
condiii este firesc ca proprietarul (particu- cedura de autentificare a procurii, precum
larul) s obin numai ceea ce a pierdut n i normele materiale ce vizeaz atribuiile
favoarea expropriatorului, nu i plusul pe persoanelor cu funcii de rspundere n au-
care chiar acesta din urm i l-a creat. tentificarea procurilor din cadrul autoriti-
Frecvent snt nregistrate cazuri cnd lor publice locale au fost nclcate de ctre
autoritile nu respect cele trei atribute de factorii de decizie ai primriei, fapt care a
baz ale exercitrii dreptului de proprietate atentat la dreptul de proprietate al persoa-
- posesia, folosina i dispoziia. nelor ce dispun de cote de teren echivalent
Un grup de persoane din raionul Briceni i cote valorice i a generat nclcarea pre-
a sesizat Instituia avocailor parlamentari vederilor art.46 din Constituie i art.316
despre un asemenea caz. Petiionarii i-au din Codul civil, care declar c dreptul
exprimat indignarea n legtur cu autenti- laproprietate privateste garantat i pro-
ficarea de ctre autoritatea public local a prietatea este inviolabil.
unei procuri, prin care coproprietarii bunu- Este necesar de menionat c, potri-
rilor atribuite la privatizarea ntreprinderii vit lit.q, al.1, art.39 din Legea nr.436 din
agricole a Asociaiei Drepcui l-ar fi m- 28.12.2006 cu privire la administraia publi-
puternicit pe V.C. s efectueze n numele lor c local, una dintre atribuiile secretarului
aciunile necesare privitor la rezilierea con- primriei este ndeplinirea actelor notariale
tractelor de arend a terenurilor agricole. conform Legii cu privire la notariat. Totoda-
V.C. a mai fost n acest mod mputernicit s t, n corespundere cu lit.e, al.1, art.37 din
nregistreze bunurile ce se afl n proprieta- Legea nr.1453 din 08.11.2002 cu privire la
te comun divizat pe cote-pri la autori- notariat, persoanele cu funcie de rspun-
tatea public local, Oficiul Cadastral Terito- dere abilitate ale autoritilor administra-
rial, Inspectoratul Fiscal de Stat i Serviciul iei publice locale ndeplinesc atribuii de
de Eviden i Exploatare a Transportului. autentificare a procurilor pentru primirea
Documentul i ofer lui V.C. i posibilitatea pensiilor, indemnizaiilor, mijloacelor b-
s semneze acorduri privind modul separ- neti repartizate acionarilor fondurilor de
rii cotelor-pri n natur ntre diferite gru- investiii nemutuale n proces de lichidare,
puri de coproprietari, privind modul de fo- fondurilor de investiii pentru privatizare
losire a bunurilor cu ncheierea i semnarea n proces de lichidare, pentru primirea su-
contractelor de vnzare-cumprare a bunu- melor indexate la depunerile bneti ale
rilor imobile i mobile primite n comun la cetenilor n Banca de Economii, precum i
privatizarea gospodriei agricole; s nche- pentru dreptul de nregistrare, transmitere
ie acorduri despre transmiterea litigiilor n folosin i nstrinare a dreptului de pro-
legate de folosirea sau separarea bunurilor prietate asupra cotelor valorice din bunuri-
spre soluionarea instanei de judecat sau le ntreprinderilor agricole.
arbitrilor alei; s reprezinte interesele n Astfel, din coninutul procurii autentifi-
edinele de judecat sau arbitrale; s for- cate rezult c, pe lng totalitatea de m-
muleze i s semneze cereri ce in de litigiile puterniciri acordate reprezentantului, s-a
aprute; s prezinte interesele la adunarea statuat i dreptul de a rezilia contractele de
general a coproprietarilor i s efectueze arend. Asta n condiiile n care art.37 din
consolidarea terenurilor agricole. Legea cu privire la notariat stabilete exha-
n pofida faptului c procura sus indi- ustiv categoriile de acte notariale, precum
cat a fost autentificat de ctre secretarul i tipul procurilor care pot s fie autentifica-
primriei, proprietarii bunurilor afirm c te de ctre autoritatea public local. Legea
nu tiu despre conferirea unor mputerniciri nu prevede c autoritatea public local
58
CAPITOLUL I

poate autentifica procurile de administrare autentificate. Problema ns nu a fost so-
a cotelor de teren agricol. luionat, ceea ce a determinat naintarea
Alineatul 3 al art.252 din Codul civil de ctre Instituia avocailor parlamentari a
invoc c procurile autentificate conform unei aciuni n instana de judecat care n
legii de autoritile administraiei publice prezent se afl n proces de examinare.
locale snt echivalate cu procurile autenti- Cazul dat ne face s concluzionm c
ficate notarial, iar, conform p.1 din Regula- abilitarea cu autentificarea procurilor n
mentul Cu privire la modul de ndeplinire a care obiectul autentificat este un bun imo-
actelor notariale i completare a registrelor bil sau funciar a unor altor persoane n afa-
notariale, aprobat prin Ordinul Ministrului r de notari poate conduce la abuzuri care
Justiiei nr.95 din 28.02.2008, prevederile reduc din rolul protector al cerinei formei
regulamentului n cauz snt obligatorii autentice impus de lege unor asemenea
i pentru persoanele abilitate s ndepli- tipuri de procuri. Ar putea fi inventate des-
neasc acte notariale, adic i pentru cele tule pretexte pentru ca persoanele chema-
cu funcii de rspundere ale autoritilor te s autentifice procurile s poat abuza
publice locale. n cazul menionat, autori- de poziia lor, profitnd de prerogativele pe
tatea public local a ignorat dispoziia p.5 care le acord legea. n opinia noastr, mult
din Regulament care stipuleaz c actele mai sigur n acest sens ar fi autentificarea
notariale se semneaz de ctre pri sau procurilor nominalizate de ctre notari, cu
reprezentanii acestora, n prezena notaru- att mai mult ca legea107 le permite ndepli-
lui i, dup caz, n prezena celor chemai a nirea actelor notariale n afara biroului i n
ncuviina ncheierea actelor pe care prile afara orelor de program.
le ntocmesc, precum i a martorilor, dac Lezarea dreptului de proprietate a fost
legea stabilete prezena lor. Iar conform indicat n petiiile locuitorilor din s.Sverdiac,
p.14, n cazul autentificrii actelor juridice comuna Recea, r-l Rcani, adresate
de dispoziie asupra bunurilor imobile (cu CpDOM. Petiionarii invoc aciunile ilega-
excepia testamentului), notarul verific le ale administratorului GAS Fntna Recea,
situaia proprietii i sarcinile bunului n n special n partea ce ine de dispunerea
baza documentelor prezentate. n acest ilegal de ctre ultimul a cotelor-pri va-
scop, solicitantul actului notarial va prezen- lorice ale acestora, care se afl n folosin
ta actele de proprietate, extrasul din regis- temporar la ntreprinderea indicat.
trul bunurilor imobile, certificatul privind
Dreptul de proprietate privat asupra
existena sau absena restanelor la impo-
cotelor-pri valorice ale petiionarilor este
zitul pe bunurile imobile i alte acte nece-
adeverit pe deplin prin certificatele de pro-
sare pentru valabilitatea actului notarial
prietate privat, n care se confirm dreptul
ntocmit, care se anexeaz la actul pstrat
de proprietate privat ale acestora asupra
n arhiva notarului, n original sau n copii,
cotelor-pri valorice i prin certificatele de
dup caz.
motenitori testamentari.
Petiionarii au indicat n solicitare c nu
n cadrul controlului efectuat s-a con-
snt de acord cu procura ntocmit i cer
statat c nu exist o tranzacie ncheiat
anularea acesteia.
ntre GAS Fntna Recea i proprietarii co-
Avnd n vedere prevederile al.2 al telor valorice, prin care ar fi oficializat fo-
art.252 Cod civil, prin care persoana care a losina temporar a bunurilor nominalizate.
eliberat procura este n drept de a o anu- n pofida acestui fapt, GAS Fntna Recea
la n orice moment i considernd circum- dispune de bunurile proprietate privat a
stanele invocate ca unele care derog de petiionarilor. Mai mult, administraia ntre-
la prevederile legale privind dreptul de prinderii nu achit proprietarilor nicio plat
proprietate, avocatul parlamentar, n te- pentru utilizarea acestor bunuri.
meiul art.27 din Legea cu privire la avocaii
parlamentari, a naintat aviz administraiei Art.38 din Legea cu privire la notariat nr.1453 din
107
publice locale n vederea anulrii procurii 08.11.2002.
59
Astfel, pe 07.11.2012, la judectoria r-lui n condiiile n care contractul de aren-

Rcani a fost naintat o cerere de chema- d a terenurilor i a altor bunuri agricole
re n judecat, solicitndu-se respectarea ncheiat pe un termen de pn la 3 ani se
prevederilor dispoziiei al.1 art.46 din Con- nscrie inclusiv n registrul contractelor de
stituia Republicii Moldova, care declar c arend inut de primria localitii n a c-
dreptul deproprietateprivateste garan- rei raz teritorial se afl terenurile i alte
tat. Respectiv, a fost solicitat obligarea bunuri agricole arendate109, observm c
GAS Fntna Recea de a restitui petiiona- autoritatea public local exercit doar ro-
rilor cota valoric ce le aparine cu drept lul de registrator al contractelor de arend,
de proprietate conform documentelor ce fapt care permite legalizarea abuzurilor
confirm acest fapt. contractuale i care ulterior face ca prile
Lipsa contractelor cu privire la arenda implicate s se adreseze instanelor judici-
funciar sau ncheierea acestora cu nclca- are n vederea revendicrii drepturilor lor.
rea normelor legale este frecvent obiectul
M.R., locuitor al or. Comrat, din
adresrilor cetenilor la CpDOM. Analiza
anul 2006 ncearc s-i primeasc
respectrii dreptului de proprietate efectu-
plata pentru pmntul dat n arend
at de Instituia ombudsmanului, n special
(conform contractului) pe un termen
a procesului drii n arend al pmntului
de 25 de ani SRL DOLU BASAC, ac-
de ctre proprietarii cotelor valorice aren-
ionnd ntreprinderea n instana de
dailor, a permis s fie evideniate proble-
judecat. Au fost emise dou titluri
mele stringente cu care se confrunt actorii
executorii privind recuperarea sumei
implicai n acest proces.
de 29010 lei, care nu au fost posibil
Obligativitatea ncheierii contractelor de executat, din lipsa veniturilor sau
de arend, forma corect i adecvat (clau- proprietii oficiale a arendatorului.
ze ce nu contravin legislaiei etc.) a acestora Totodat, ntreprinderea dat a fost
snt printre principalele condiii care asigur lichidat, iar arendaul ntre timp a
exercitarea obiectelor relaiilor de arend, a nregistrat alte dou ntreprinderi
drepturilor i obligaiunilor arendatorului i agricole pe care le gestioneaz.
arendaului. Neincluderea n contractul de
arend a unei clauze eseniale sau neres-
pectarea formei scrise a contractului atrage De asemenea, contractele de arend
nulitatea acestuia108, or doar acordul cu bu- snt ncheiate pe un termen ndelungat,
nvoin al prilor contractuale ofer pute- ns pe parcurs acestea nu sufer schim-
re juridic acestuia. bri, chiar dac la moment au loc anumite
procese inflaioniste. Astfel plata pentru
Totui aceste cerine nu ntotdeauna
arenda terenurilor rmne a fi cea iniial.
snt respectate, crend condiii favorabile
Mai mult, indicnd suma plii pentru aren-
pentru comiterea unor abuzuri din par-
d n procente de la road, arendatorul nu
tea arendatorilor. Or, adeseori arendaii
specific condiiile de verificare a randa-
nu dein informaii juridice suficiente sau
mentului acesteia, ceea ce duce la tinuirea
nu solicit asisten juridic la ncheierea
pe viitor a mrimii recoltei.
contractelor de acest gen. Astfel, Instituia
avocailor parlamentari a nregistrat cazuri Analiza situaiilor descrise anterior im-
cnd clauzele juridice contractuale, lipsa i pune concluzia c, pentru mbuntirea
superficialitatea acestora (ex., diminuarea procesului de arendare a terenurilor agri-
cuantumurilor pentru arenda terenurilor, cole i a condiiilor acestuia, este necesar
schimbarea condiiilor de plat a arendei crearea unui mecanism legal care ar permi-
etc.), au dus la prejudicierea arendatorilor. te aplicarea corect i adecvat a prevede-
rilor Legii cu privire la arenda n agricultur.
108
Art.6 alin.6 din Legea cu privire la arenda n agri- 109
Art.11 din Legea cu privire la arenda n agricultu-
cultur nr.198 din 15.05.2003.
r nr.198 din 15.05.2003.
60
CAPITOLUL I

n special se impun reglementri clare n acelai timp, preurile la apartamentele de
partea ce ine de ncheierea contractului la mansard snt accesibile pentru acei cu
de arend, precum i crearea sau mputer- posibiliti financiare reduse care doresc
nicirea unui organ cu atribuii de control s-i cumpere apartamente.
al clauzelor eseniale juridice contractuale, La prima vedere mansardarea blocurilor
ceea ce ar permite prevenirea i excluderea ofer soluii pentru mai multe probleme.
abuzurilor actorilor implicai i eventuale Exist ns o alt parte a lucrurilor. Calitatea
adresri n instanele judectoreti. lucrrilor efectuate la mansardarea blocu-
Atenia cuvenit trebuie acordat i pro- rilor las de dorit, mari ngrijorri trezind i
blemei pmnturilor necultivate. n acest sigurana edificiilor renovate. Muli propri-
sens se invoc imposibilitatea de lucrare a etari de apartamente snt nemulumii de
terenurilor funciare, din cauza lipsei forei rezultatul mansardrii blocurilor.
de munc, migraiei, mbtrnirii i urbaniz- Fiind un subiect de o importan ma-
rii populaiei. Un alt motiv ar fi instabilitatea jor, care se ncadreaz n prevederile art.
economic, costurile mari pentru lucrrile 47 al.1 din Constituia Republicii Moldova
agricole, lipsa sau tehnica agricol uzat. asigurarea populaiei cu spaiu locativ,
mprejurrile menionate impun pro- problema mansardrii blocurilor a intrat n
prietarii de terenuri s accepte condiiile vizorul avocailor parlamentari. Ombuds-
contractuale ale arendatorilor adeseori manii au apreciat latura pozitiv a mansar-
nefavorabile. Aceast impunitate a fost drii blocurilor, aceasta oferind populaiei
acceptat de proprietarii de pmnt i din condiii optime pentru procurarea spaiilor
cauza sanciunilor aplicate de stat pentru locative la pre rezonabil. Totodat, avocaii
nendeplinirea obligaiei de a aduce tere- parlamentari atenioneaz c noiunea de
nurile ntr-o stare care s asigure folosirea asigurare a populaiei cu spaiu locativ nu
lor conform destinaiei110 i pentru neculti- ar trebui s se rezume la acordarea acestui
varea terenurilor111, totodat fiind incluse spaiu cu titlu gratuit.
suplimentar obligaiuni pentru deintorii Pe parcursul anului 2012, Instituia avo-
de terenuri agricole112. n opinia avocai- cailor parlamentari a fost sesizat de mai
lor parlamentari, aceast condiionare nu multe ori de ctre locatarii blocurilor din
poate fi obiectiv, din moment ce statul mun. Chiinu, care au fost expuse acestor
nu asigur o politic funciar dezvoltat i construcii profitabile de risc. Petiionarii
condiii economice rentabile pentru gesti- s-au plns c frecvent aceste construcii nu
onarea terenurilor agricole, miznd doar pe snt coordonate cu toi locatarii blocului lo-
impozitarea i sancionarea proprietarilor cativ, consimmntul pentru construcie fi-
de terenuri. ind luat numai de la locatarii ultimului nivel
n condiiile de dezvoltare a pieei imo- al cldirii. Totodat, firmele care efectueaz
biliare, n municipiul Chiinu a aprut un mansardarea nu realizeaz n msura cuve-
nou fenomen construirea mansardelor. nit lucrrile de consolidare a blocului loca-
n schimbul unor lucrri de izolare termic tiv i de amenajare a teritoriului, iar reelele
a blocurilor, de restaurare a scrilor sau a de utiliti nu snt adaptate pentru funcio-
reelelor, este permis mansardarea blocu- nare n condiiile unui numr mai mare de
rilor de locuit. consumatori.
Din punct de vedere financiar, aface- Analiznd pct.II din Decizia Primriei
rea este rentabil. Renovrile pariale ale mun. Chiinu nr.16/5 din 02.08.2001 Cu
blocurilor nu implic un efort financiar din privire la aprobarea concepiei construc-
partea actualilor proprietari de locuine. n iei mansardelor la casele de locuit din
mun. Chiinu, prin care pentru construi-
110
Art.117 Cod contravenional RM rea mansardelor este necesar doar acordul
111
Art.118 din Codul contravenional al Republicii locatarilor de la ultimul etaj, s-a ajuns la
Moldova concluzia c aceasta contravine principiu-
112
Art.29 din Codul funciar al Republicii Moldova
61
lui de acord, precum i prevederilor art.5 blocului locativ) unde se dispune construc-
din Legea condominiului n fondul locativ ia mansardelor s nu fie atribuit n acest
nr.913 din 30.03.2000. Aceasta statueaz c scop fr de acordul tuturor locatarilor blo-
proprietatea comun n condominiu include cului i nu doar al celor de la ultimul nivel.
toate prile aliate n folosin comun113. De asemenea a fost solicitat modificarea i
Totodat, art.9 alin.2 din Constituia Repu- mbuntirea actului administrativ care s
blicii Moldova prevede c proprietatea nu asigure pe deplin respectarea drepturilor
poate fi folosit n detrimentul drepturilor, omului la acest compartiment.
libertilor i demnitii omului. n rspunsul expediat, autoritatea pu-
n aceste condiii, Instituia avocailor blic local a asigurat Instituia Ombuds-
parlamentari a solicitat autoritii publice manului c a iniiat elaborarea i adoptarea
locale ca proprietatea public (acoperiul unui nou regulament.

mbuntirea cadrului legislativ cu privire la condominiul fondului locativ n vede-
rea mputernicirii unui organ sau a unei comisii independente cu competen de control
al realizrii corecte i adecvate de ctre actorii implicai a clauzelor contractuale ce in de
desfurarea procesului de mansardare a blocurilor locative.
Modificarea i mbuntirea cadrului normativ care s asigure pe deplin respectarea
drepturilor omului n contextul realizrii principiului de acord n procesul de mansardare
a blocurilor locative.
mbuntirea procesului de arendare a terenurilor agricole i a condiiilor acestuia
prin crearea unui mecanism legal care ar pune n aplicare corect i adecvat preve-
derile Legii cu privire la arenda n agricultur, n special n partea ce ine de ncheierea
contractului de arend;
Revizuirea i mbuntirea legislaiei civile i funciare, n contextul crerii condiiilor
rentabile proprietarilor de terenuri agricole n vederea gestionrii fiabile a pmnturilor-
proprietate privat.
12. Respectarea drepturilor omului nale oportunitatea deschiderii n raioanele

n stnga Nistrului din zona conflictului a unor reprezentane
ale Centrului pentru Drepturile Omului din
O problem nesoluionat de-a lungul Moldova, pentru favorizarea efectiv a mo-
anilor rmne a fi c avocaii parlamentari nitorizrii obiective i impariale a situaiei
nu pot interveni ntru aprarea drepturilor la capitolul drepturile omului i ncurajarea
i libertilor persoanelor care locuiesc n populaiei din aceste localiti s-i apere
stnga Nistrului. Aceast situaie i-a deter- drepturile i interesele legitime.
minat pe avocaii parlamentari s examine- Cu mari dificulti, doar la 17 octombrie
ze n cadrul discuiilor purtate n anul 2004 2012, Centrul pentru Drepturile Omului
cu reprezentanii organismelor internaio- a reuit s deschid o reprezentan n or.
Varnia.
str. Pietrarilor 14/2 i 14/4, mun. Chiinu ctre

113
n contextul deciziei Primriei nr.16/5 din Primria mun. Chiinu i Consiliul mun. Chiinu
02.08.2001, la data de 15 decembrie 2011, Cur- privind contestarea actului administrativ i s-a
tea de Apel Chiinu a admis aciunea pe cauza dispus anularea deciziei cu obligarea Consiliului
civil naintat de Procuratura mun. Chiinu n mun. Chiinu de a introduce n textul acesteia
interesele locatarilor invalizi i pensionarilor din acordul tuturor locatarilor blocului locativ.
62
CAPITOLUL I

Libertatea individual i sigurana degradante. n prezent nu exist vreun me-
persoanei, integritatea fizic i canism naional de reabilitare a victimelor
psihic regimului de la Tiraspol.
Pe teritoriul municipiului Bender snt si-
Autoritile constituionale i organis- tuate 2 instituii penitenciare subordonate
mele internaionale, ali oficiali au acces li- Departamentului Instituiilor Penitenciare
ber n instituiile de detenie din regiunea al Republicii Moldova. Pe parcursul anilor,
transnistrean doar cu permisiunea admi- autoritile oraului Bender mpiedic ac-
nistraiei de la Tiraspol. Activitatea Meca- tivitatea normal a acestor penitenciare,
nismului Naional de Prevenire a Torturii nu deconectndu-le de la sistemul de apeduct
se extinde asupra locurilor de detenie din i canalizare, de la reeaua de termoficare
regiune, acestea fiind n afara oricrui con- a municipiului. Din acest motiv este dificil
trol extern, inclusiv din partea structurilor aprovizionarea penitenciarelor cu minimul
internaionale. n aceste circumstane, n necesar pentru existen. Din cauza deco-
regiune lipsete un mecanism legal i efi- nectrii de la reelele electrice nu este posibi-
cient de aprare i protejare a persoanelor l asigurarea cu energie electric nentrerup-
din acest teritoriu. t a penitenciarelor. Avocaii parlamentari
Dei legislaia naional oblig orga- i membrii Consiliului consultativ au acces
nele de drept s iniieze urmrirea penal nengrdit n aceste instituii i efectueaz
pentru orice alegaii despre acte de tortu- periodic vizite preventive, ale cror rezultate
r, autoritile invoc lipsa controlului de snt aduse la cunotina autoritilor.
facto asupra spaiului din estul rii, i de- n urma vizitelor ntreprinse, avocaii
clin responsabilitile i nu depun eforturi parlamentari au condamnat public aciunile
pentru aprarea drepturilor fundamentale prii transnistrene n ceea ce privete gra-
ale omului. Acest argument nu este admi- dul de respectare a dreptului la libertate in-
sibil n contextul obligaiilor pozitive ale dividual i sigurana persoanei. Totodat, n
statului. n consecin, Guvernul ar putea fi adresa administraiei penitenciarelor nr.8 i
condamnat pentru violarea grav a preve- nr.12 i conducerii Comisariatului de poliie
derilor art.art.1,2,3,5,13 CEDO. din oraul Bender au fost naintate recoman-
Pe de alt parte, redeschiderea negoci- dri pentru crearea, n limita posibilitilor, a
erilor cu partenerii de dialog din stnga Nis- condiiilor de detenie potrivite standarde-
trului ar putea nsemna un succes temporar lor naionale i internaionale.
pe calea realizrii i instituirii precondiiilor Garantarea dreptului la integritatea fi-
de protecie a drepturilor omului. zic i psihic reprezint unul dintre dome-
Potrivit informaiilor furnizate de Aso- niile prioritare care solicit o abordare cali-
ciaia Promo-Lex114, lipsirea de libertate a tativ nou. Experiena din dreapta Nistrului
persoanelor este efectuat de ctre struc- privitor la implementarea Mecanismului
turi care i-au asumat atribuii ale organelor Naional de Prevenire a Torturii, implicarea
de drept i justiie. De altfel, nu exist nicio activ n aceast activitate a societii civile
posibilitate real i eficient de a influena ar spori simitor garaniile mpotriva even-
deciziile administraiei transnistrene i ale tualelor abuzuri din partea reprezentanilor
structurilor lor ilegale. n acelai timp, aces- puterii. n acest context, avocaii parlamen-
te decizii produc efecte n estul Republicii tari i-au propus extinderea activitilor
Moldova, persoanele fiind condamnate, Mecanismului Naional de Prevenire a Tor-
torturate i deinute n condiii inumane i turii n zona de est a rii.
114
Asociaia Promo-LEX este o organizaie non- Libertatea circulaiei
guvernamental, apolitic i nonprofit, axat pe
promovarea valorilor democratice i a standarde-
lor internaional recunoscute n domeniul drep-
i n 2012 au fost nregistrate probleme
turilor omului n Republica Moldova, inclusiv n legate de libertatea de circulaie n regiu-
regiunea transnistrean. nea transnistrean. n afar de reluarea par-
63
ial a transportului feroviar de mrfuri, alte interzic i prevd sanciuni pentru utiliza-
progrese nu au fost atestate. rea alfabetului latin115.
Delegaiile oficiale care doresc s se de- n anul 2003 s-a constatat o agravare se-
plaseze n raioanele din stnga Nistrului snt rioas a situaiei, determinat de aciunile
obligate s anune n prealabil autoritile i declaraiile administraiei de la Tiraspol
transnistrene pentru obinerea autorizaiei. n legtur cu colile care studiaz conform
Nu s-a ajuns la un numitor comun cu privire programelor i manualelor aprobate de Mi-
la regimul juridic al automobilelor nmatri- nisterul Educaiei al Republicii Moldova.
culate n regiunea de est. O problem grav n scopul soluionrii problemelor cu
ce ine de asigurarea dreptului la libertatea care se confrunt colile moldoveneti, doar
de circulaie n regiunea transnistrean a pe parcursul anilor 2002-2003 au avut loc
Republicii Moldova rmne a fi amplasarea 15 ntrevederi la nivelul experilor n proble-
n mod arbitrar a posturilor ilegale de con- mele nvmntului din partea Republicii
trol de ctre reprezentanii administraiei Moldova i ai administraiei transnistrene
de la Tiraspol n localitile din zona de cu participarea Misiunii OSCE n Moldova.
securitate. Ca rezultat se limiteaz acce- n pofida faptului c partea transnistrean
sul ranilor la terenurile agricole pe care s-a angajat, n conformitate cu protocoalele
acetia le dein n proprietate sau posesie, semnate, s creeze condiiile necesare pen-
se rein persoane sub pretextul trecerii ile- tru funcionarea n condiii normale a co-
gale a frontierei. lilor menionate, ele nu au fost create. Mai
Au fost nregistrate adresri de la per- mult ca att, s-au ntreprins aciuni pentru
soane domiciliate n raioanele de est, cro- lichidarea lor, fapt ce a condus la nclcarea
ra le-a fost restricionat circulaia pe teri- n mod flagrant a dreptului copiilor la nv-
toriul din stnga Nistrului cu autovehiculele tur, dreptului prinilor de a alege limba
nmatriculate n Republica Moldova. Pentru de instruire a copiilor lor, precum i a drep-
a putea circula liber pe acest teritoriu, po- tului copiilor de a nva n limba matern.
sesorii vehiculelor snt nevoii s achite o n toamna anului 2004 autoritile sepa-
tax de 0,18% din preul automobilului, ratiste de la Tiraspol, prin utilizarea forei, au
valabil 60 de zile. La expirarea termenului ntreprins aciuni de nchidere a liceelor cu
de 60 de zile, este necesar ndeplinirea instruire n limba moldoveneasc n baza
declaraiei vamale. Pentru nerespectarea grafiei latine. Victimele au apelat la Curtea
termenului de edere pe teritoriu, indicat European a Drepturilor Omului i la 19 oc-
n declaraie, se aplic o amend de la 50 tombrie 2012, Marea Camer a recunoscut
pn la 100% din preul mainii, cu sau fr violarea dreptului la educaie a celor 170 de
confiscarea acesteia. Taxa pentru evaluarea reclamani de ctre Federaia Rus n cauza
preului autovehiculului trebuie s fie achi- Catan i alii c. Moldova i Rusia. Cauza a fost
tat de posesorul acestuia. iniiat i mpotriva Moldovei, pe al crei te-
ritoriu se situeaz regiunea, i Rusiei, care a
Dreptul la nvtur jucat un rol critic la formarea i meninerea
administraiei separatiste n regiune. Cur-
Limitarea respectrii drepturilor omu- tea a adjudecat despgubiri n valoare de
lui i a proceselor democratice, bazate pe 1020000 euro pentru nclcarea dreptului
egalitate, valorile umane i diversitatea cul- la educaie fa de etnicii moldoveni elevi,
tural, economic i politic se reflect n prini i profesori.
sistemul educaional. Autoritile moldoveneti au susinut
n regiunea transnistrean funcioneaz permanent dorina de continuare a studiilor
propriul sistem educaional, diferit de curri- sau integrare profesional n cmpul muncii
culumul naional. Au fost adoptate legi care n Republica Moldova a absolvenilor din
stnga Nistrului. Totodat, actele de studii
Legea RMN cu privire la limbi din 08.09.1992.

115
64
CAPITOLUL I

eliberate de instituiile de nvmnt din Cauza principal de cretere continu a
regiunea transnistrean nu pot fi recunos- mortalitii populaiei din regiunea trans-
cute pe plan internaional. Din acest motiv, nistrean, la fel ca i n Republica Moldova,
n cazul n care deintorii acestora decid s o reprezint maladiile cardiovasculare i
plece peste hotarele rii la studii sau pen- afeciunile oncologice. Printre factorii agra-
tru angajare n cmpul muncii, respectivele vani care contribuie la aceast situaie este
documente snt nlocuite de ctre Minis- i distana relativ mare (90 km) dintre Tiras-
terul Educaiei. Prin ordinul Ministerului pol i Chiinu, fapt care limiteaz accesul
Educaiei nr. 869 din 05.11.2012, a fost sim- fizic al cetenilor din stnga Nistrului la ser-
plificat modalitatea de perfectare a acte- vicii medicale de nivel teriar.
lor de studii eliberate de ctre instituiile de Combaterea HIV/SIDA i a tuberculozei
nvmnt din raioanele de est ale Republi- n regiunea transnistrean prin utilizarea
cii Moldova i oraul Bender. modelelor acceptate de Ministerul Sn-
O problem nesoluionat de mai muli tii al Republicii Moldova n baza standar-
ani este cea a echivalrii inechitabile a no- delor internaionale este foarte dificil din
telor din actele de studii n cazul evalurii cauza accesului limitat la tratament, impli-
cunotinelor n sistemul de cinci puncte cit la spitalizare a pacienilor din regiunea
valabil n regiunea transnistrean. Institu- transnistrean i servicii de ambulatoriu
iile de nvmnt din raioanele de est ale la Chiinu. Unul dintre factorii principali
rii apreciaz cunotinele elevilor dup un care determin aceste probleme este: lip-
sistem de 5 puncte, iar cele aflate sub juris- sa ceteniei Republicii Moldova, fapt care
dicia autoritilor Moldovei dup unul de induce restricii legale pentru a beneficia
10 puncte. Astfel, notele absolvenilor trans- de tot spectrul de servicii, inclusiv pentru
nistreni, de orice nivel, care decid s-i con- cei bolnavi de HIV/SIDA i tuberculoz n
tinue studiile n instituiile din ar, snt echi- mod gratuit, de care se bucur cetenii
valate conform reglementrilor stabilite de Republicii Moldova (spitalizare fr a plti
Ministerul Educaiei (maxim 9,5 puncte pen- ziua-pat ocupat, testele de laborator etc.).
tru nota 5). Prin Ordinul Ministerului Edu- Au fost sesizate probleme ce in de
caiei nr. 475 din 07.06.2012 a fost aprobat acordarea asistenei medicale n baza
Regulamentul de organizare i desfurare poliei de asigurare obligatorie de asisten
a admiterii la studii superioare de licen medical.
(ciclul I) n instituiile de nvmnt superior
Prin Hotrrea Guvernului nr. 906 din
din Republica Moldova. Regretabil, dar i n
24.04.2010, a fost instituit un mecanism
acest document este pstrat acelai sistem
de examinare a adresrilor cetenilor Re-
de echivalare n sistemul de zece puncte:
publicii Moldova domiciliai n localitile
notele de 3, 4 i 5 se echivaleaz, respec-
din stnga Nistrului i localitile limitrofe
tiv, cu 5,5, 7,5i 9,5;
frontierei administrative, n vederea obi-
nerii polielor de asigurare obligatorie de
Dreptul la ocrotirea sntii asisten medical. Cu toate acestea, per-
soanele pentru care calitatea de asigurat o
Instabilitatea economic i politic din are Guvernul i persoanele care i procur
regiunea transnistrean a Republicii Mol- poliele de asigurare, nu pot beneficia de
dova i izolarea acestei regiuni afecteaz tot spectrul de servicii medicale incluse
negativ situaia demografic i starea sn- n Programul unic al asigurrii obligatorii
tii populaiei din regiune. de asisten medical. Aceasta pentru c
Din momentul declarrii autoproclama- instituiile medicale din regiunea trans-
tei republici nistrene, autoritile publice nistrean refuz s elibereze pacienilor
centrale din Republica Moldova nu au mai ndreptri n instituiile medico-sanitare
avut acces la indicatori statistici i date epi- ncadrate n sistemul asigurrii obligatorii
demiologice, fapt ce a condus la izolarea i de asisten medical.
divizarea sistemelor de sntate.
65
Dreptul la proprietate az de dreptul de a recupera valoarea

bunurilor confiscate ilegal prin achitarea
n 2012 au rmas fr atenie alte 2 cate- compensaiei. Avnd n vedere numrul
gorii de probleme - indexarea depunerilor semnificativ de adresri de la cetenii
bneti ale cetenilor i situaia persoa- domiciliai n stnga Nistrului cu referi-
nelor supuse represiunilor politice, a cror re la acest subiect, Ministerul Justiiei a
avere a fost confiscat, naionalizat sau propus modificarea Legii privind reabili-
luat n alt mod. tarea victimelor represiunilor politice nr.
1225 din 08.12.1992, n vederea extinde-
Avocaii parlamentari s-au pronunat rii competenelor comisiilor speciale din
n repetate rnduri pe marginea modalitii localitile limitrofe de a examina cererile
actuale de plat a sumelor indexate pentru persoanelor respective privind restituirea
depunerile bneti ale cetenilor n Banca bunurilor sau recuperarea valorii lor prin
de Economii, care poate fi considerat o achitarea de compensaii. Dup intrarea n
violare a dreptului la proprietate garantat vigoare, la 28.09.2012, a acestor modific-
de Constituie i care nu corespunde ntru rii, Regulamentul privind restituirea valorii
totul concepiei dreptului european asupra bunurilor prin achitarea de compensaii n
regimului proprietii i cerinelor constitu- cazul decesului ca urmare a represiunilor
ionale. politice, aprobat prin Hotrrea Guvernului
Dac n partea dreapt a Nistrului inde- nr. 627 din 05.06.2007, a fost ajustat noilor
xarea depunerilor bneti a ajuns la o etap prevederi legale117.
final, atunci locuitorii raioanelor de est care Avocaii parlamentari salut aceste mo-
au avut depuneri n Banca de Economii la dificri, totodat, ei atenioneaz asupra
situaia din 2 ianuarie 1992, nu au posibilita- importanei continurii procesului de revi-
tea de a-i recupera banii depui. Asta pen- zuire a cadrului normativ n vigoare pentru
tru c Legea privind indexarea depunerilor a fi excluse toate reglementrile discrimina-
bneti ale cetenilor n Banca de Economii torii fa de cetenii care locuiesc n stnga
din 12.12.2002 exclude aceast posibilitate Nistrului.
pn la restabilirea relaiilor financiar-buge-
tare ale localitilor din stnga Nistrului cu
bugetul de stat al Republicii Moldova. Avnd Drepturile copilului
n vedere c amnarea problemei privind
unele aspecte ale dreptului la proprietate Accesul limitat al reprezentanilor au-
pentru o perioad nedeterminat contra- toritilor constituionale ale Republicii
vine principiului echitii i nediscriminrii, Moldova, precum i al organizaiilor care
avocaii parlamentari au atenionat de mai activeaz n domeniul drepturilor copilului
multe ori116 asupra necesitii revizuirii Le- pe teritoriul din stnga Nistrului, nu permi-
gii nr. 1530. ns nici n anul 2012 problema te colectarea de date oficiale i elaborarea
indexrii depunerilor bneti ale cetenilor de studii calitative privind situaia copiilor
Republicii Moldova n filialele Bncii de Eco- din aceast regiune. Informaiile disponi-
nomii din localitile din stnga Nistrului nu bile oferite de mass-media sau de puinele
a fost soluionat. organizaii care i desfoar activitatea n
Aceeai situaie de incertitudine este domeniu, nu reprezint o abordare global
cunoscut i persoanelor care benefici- a sistemului de protecie a drepturilor co-
pilului. Din acest considerent nu este posi-
116
http://www.ombudsman.md/file/RAPOARTE%20
PDF/Raport_2006.pdf; Hotrrea Guvernului cu privire la modificarea i
117
http://www.ombudsman.md/file/RAPOAR- completarea Regulamentului privind restituirea

TE%20PDF/Raport%202007.pdf valorii bunurilor prin achitarea de compensaii
http://www.ombudsman.md/file/RAPOAR- persoanelor supuse represiunilor politice, pre-
TE%20PDF/Raport%202009%20redactat.pdf cum i achitarea compensaiei n cazul decesu-
http://www.ombudsman.md/file/RAPOAR- lui ca urmare a represiunilor politice nr. 76 din
TE%20PDF/finala%20raportului%202010.pdf 25.01.2013.
66
CAPITOLUL I

bil formularea unor concluzii pertinente n legtur cu refuzul nentemeiat i trg-
privind respectarea drepturilor copilului n narea perfectrii buletinelor de identitate.
stnga Nistrului. Generaliznd informaia primit n urma
Astfel, din presa de la Chiinu118 avoca- audienei cetenilor, s-a stabilit c persoa-
ii parlamentari au aflat despre situaia co- nele domiciliate n localitile din stnga
piilor nesupravegheai, originari din regiu- Nistrului nu beneficiaz n deplin msur
nea transnistrean, care snt identificai tot de facilitile acordate de stat pentru per-
mai frecvent n Rusia i n Ucraina, numrul fectarea buletinului de identitate.
acestora fiind n cretere n ultimii ani. Po- Astfel, contrar reglementrilor n vigoa-
trivit opiniei exprimate de avocaii parla- re119, cetenilor li se refuz documenta-
mentari, prezena Misiunii de Asisten la rea din cauza lipsei dovezii de deinere a
Frontier n Ucraina i Moldova (EUBAM) pe spaiului locativ. Mai mult, li se recomand
segmentul transnistrean ar fi redus riscul de s caute persoane care ar fi de acord s le
trecere frauduloas a graniei de ctre copii nregistreze la domiciliul acestora. Este de
i scoaterea ilegal din ar a minorilor. menionat c n Hotrrea privind controlul
Cele mai dificile probleme din dome- constituionalitii dispoziiilor pct. 10 alin.
niul proteciei drepturilor copiilor n regiu- 2 din Regulamentul cu privire la modul de
nea transnistrean identificate de avocaii perfectare i eliberare a actelor de identi-
parlamentari in de nerecunoaterea de tate ale Sistemului naional de paapoarte
ctre autoritile Republicii Moldova a ac- nr. 16 din 19.05.1997, Curtea Constitui-
telor emise de administraia de la Tiraspol onal s-a pronunat n legtur cu toate
(deciziile instanelor judectoreti privind dispoziiile care conin locuiunea viz de
ncuviinarea adopiei, decderea din drep- domiciliu i viz de reedin, declarndu-
turile printeti, deciziile de instituire a tule neconstituionale.
telei/curatelei etc.). n scopul asigurrii populaiei din locali-
tile din stnga Nistrului cu acte de identita-
Unele aspecte ce in de te din sistemul naional de paapoarte, Gu-
documentarea cetenilor vernul a stabilit120 c persoanele domiciliate
n localitile din stnga Nistrului (Transnis-
tria) care ntrunesc condiiile Legii cete-
n perioada 30 octombrie 2012 31 niei Republicii Moldova nr.1024-XIV din 2
decembrie 2012, la Reprezentana Varnia iunie 2000 pot s-i confirme cetenia Re-
a CpDOM s-au adresat 10 ceteni privind publicii Moldova n orice oficiu teritorial de
procedura documentrii la Secia de evi- eviden i documentare a populaiei, prin
den i documentare a populaiei Bender. aplicarea tampilei respective n paaportul
Dintre acetia 2 persoane au depus plngeri de tip sovietic (modelul anului 1974). Pen-
tru aceti ceteni paapoartele de tip so-
www.arena.md. Informaia a fost oferit de c-
118
vietic n care se conine meniunea despre
tre specialitii Fundaiei elveiene Terre des
Hommes, ntr-un interviu acordat ageniei de cetenia Republicii Moldova i este indicat
la Tiraspol, Novi Reghion. n ultimii patru ani,
n baza de date a Fundaiei au fost inclui 47 de
copii gsii n Ucraina, 48 n Rusia i cte unul Instruciunea privind modul de eliberare a acte-
119
n Romnia, Italia i Belarus. Vrsta copiilor este lor de identitate cetenilor Republicii Moldova,
de la cteva luni pn la 17 ani. Cei din Rusia fie aprobate prin Ordinul S CRIS Registru nr.22
c au fost nscui i abandonai n aceast ar, din 24.01.2007: n cazul cnd ceteanul nu poate
fie au plecat cu familia, fiind lsai ulterior fr prezenta dovada de deinere a spaiului locativ,
supraveghere. Referitor la copiii din Ucraina, cei S(B)EDP elibereaz aviz privind eliberarea buleti-
mai muli au vrsta cuprins ntre 14 i 17 ani i nului de identitate fr nregistrarea la domiciliu
au fost identificai la Odesa. Majoritatea minori- din lipsa spaiului locativ.
lor figureaz n evidenele miliiei transnistrene i Hotrrea Guvernului cu privire la msurile de
120
au trecut frontiera ilegal, pe segmentul de grani- asigurare a confirmrii ceteniei i document-

necontrolat de autoritile constituionale ale rii populaiei din localitile din stnga Nistrului
Republicii Moldova. (Transnistria) nr. 959 din 09.09.2005
67
numrul de identificare de stat al persoa- tii n conformitate cu prevederile pct.1

nei fizice (IDNP) snt valabile pe un termen din Regulamentul cu privire la modul de
nelimitat. Ministerul Tehnologiilor Informa- perfectare i eliberare a actelor de identi-
ionale i Comunicaiilor trebuie s asigure tate ale Sistemului naional de paapoarte,
aplicarea unei proceduri simplificate de aprobat prin Hotrrea Guvernului nr.376
confirmare a ceteniei Republicii Moldova din 06.06.1995121. n cazul n care nu este
pentru persoanele domiciliate n localitile posibil identificarea persoanei conform
din stnga Nistrului (Transnistria). ordinii stabilite, se apeleaz la instana de
Potrivit pct.5 din Regulamentul cu pri- judecat.
vire la sistemul de paapoarte din Uniunea Prin urmare, dei statul a adoptat m-
RSS, aprobat prin hotrrea Sovietului Mi- suri pentru confirmarea ceteniei i docu-
nitrilor al Uniunii RSS din 28 august 1974, mentrii populaiei n localitile din stnga
valabilitatea paaportului nu este limitat Nistrului, nu au fost create mecanisme pen-
n timp. Responsabili ai organelor afacerilor tru asigurarea valabilitii paaportului de
interne nlocuiesc n paapoartele ceteni- tip sovietic.
lor care au mplinit vrsta de 25 i, respectiv, Potrivit pct. 1 din Hotrrea Guvernului
45 ani, pozele, astfel ncht acestea s cores- nr. 959 din 09.09.2005, persoanele domici-
pund vrstei respective. Paapoartele care liate n localitile din stnga Nistrului, care
nu au asemenea fotografii snt nevalabile. ntrunesc condiiile Legii ceteniei Repu-
n acelai timp, cadrul normativ naional blicii Moldova nr.1024-XIV din 2 iunie 2000,
care reglementeaz activitatea seciilor pot s-i confirme cetenia Republicii Mol-
de eviden i documentare a populaiei dova n orice oficiu teritorial de eviden
(SEDP) nu prevede procedura de introduce- i documentare a populaiei prin aplicarea
re n paapoartele de tip sovietic (modelul tampilei respective n paaportul de tip
anului 1974) a fotografiilor noi, la mplinirea sovietic (modelul anului 1974). Totodat,
vrstei de 25 i 45 ani. n consecin, pentru potrivit pct.2 din Regulamentul cu privire la
asigurarea valabilitii documentului de procedura dobndirii i pierderii ceteniei
identitate, cetenii Republicii Moldova, Republicii Moldova, aprobat prin Hotrrea
deintori ai paapoartelor de timp sovie- Guvernului nr. 197 din 12.03.2001, per-
tic, apeleaz la organele afacerilor interne soana care are dreptul de a fi recunoscut
transnistrene pentru lipirea fotografiei noi, cetean al Republicii Moldova prezint la
care corespunde vrstei respective a titu- organul teritorial al Ministerului Tehnolo-
larului. n condiiile n care aceste fotografii giei Informaiei i Comunicaiilor, n a crui
au fost schimbate de organele afacerilor in- raz i are domiciliul, cererea-chestionar,
terne transnistrene, angajaii SEDP Bender adresat Preedintelui Republicii Moldova,
solicit de la ceteni confirmarea identi- la care se anexeaz, n fiecare caz aparte,
ctre rudele de gradul II-III, se vor prezenta supli-

122
Identificarea persoanelor care au atins vrsta ma- mentar alte documente justificative eliberate de
joratului i nu au fost documentate anterior cu autoritatea public local sau o alt instituie de
acte de identitate sau dac n baza actelor elibe- stat, care dispune de informaie despre persoana
rate anterior este imposibil stabilirea identitii n cauz (livret militar, carnet de pensionar, cer-
acestora se efectueaz n temeiul declaraiei pe tificat de la locul de studii sau munc etc. dac
propria rspundere a unuia dintre prini, a repre- acestea contribuie la stabilirea identitii persoa-
zentanilor legali sau a altei rude de gradul I-III. nei).
n cazurile n care identificarea se efectueaz de
68
CAPITOLUL I

documentele expres enumerate122 n actul copiilor de pe actele de stare civil nregis-
normativ, inclusiv cazierul judiciar din ara, trate de ctre organele de stare civil ale
al crei cetean este, din ara n care a do- Transnistriei locuitorilor din Grigoriopol,
miciliat legal i obinuit anterior stabilirii n Rbnia, Bender, Tiraspol, Camenca i Slo-
Republica Moldova i din Republica Moldo- bozia. n anul 2012, circa 5 mii de locuitori
va. n acest context, la examinarea cererii din localitile din stnga Nistrului au primit
de confirmare a ceteniei, angajaii SEDP aceste duplicate la Oficiul Stare Civil din
Bender solicit i cazierul juridic eliberat de Varnia.
direcia afacerilor interne a MAI din regiu- Totodat, la 15 septembrie 2006,
nea transnistrean. Direcia General Stare Civil a emis scri-
Pentru persoanele domiciliate n locali- soarea metodic nr. 06-1863 prin care a so-
tile din stnga Nistrului nu exist o proce- licitat oficiilor stare civil nerecunoaterea
dur simplificat de confirmare a ceteniei actelor de stare civil perfectate sau mo-
Republicii Moldova. Asta dei la nivel le- dificate n baza hotrrilor pronunate de
gislativ au fost ntreprinse msuri n acest instanele judectoreti transnistrene.
scop. n aceste circumstane, cetenii
Potrivit indicaiilor Direciei generale au nceput s se adreseze n instanele
stare civil nr. 01/824 din 17.07.2003, ofici- judectoreti constituionale pentru con-
ile stare civil Anenii Noi, Criuleni, Rezina, statarea faptelor care au valoare juridic.
Sntuca, tefan-Vod elibereaz dupli- Prin scrisoarea nr. 260/2 din 06.04.2007,
cate ale certificatelor de stare civil n baza adresat Direciei generale stare civil a
Ministerului Dezvoltrii Informaionale i
Copia actului de identitate; cazier judiciar din
122 Judectoriei Bender, Curtea Suprem de
ara (rile) al crei cetean este, din ara n care Justiie i-a expus poziia oficial n privina
a domiciliat legal i obinuit anterior stabilirii hotrrilor judectoreti adoptate de c-
n Republica Moldova i din Republica Moldo- tre instanele judectoreti transnistrene:
va; bonul de plat a taxei de stat; dou fotografii
hotrrile judectoreti adoptate de ctre
de mrimea 4,5x3,5 cm; copiile actelor de stare
civil: ale certificatelor de natere, de natere a instanele judectoreti din Transnistria nu
copiilor minori, de cstorie, de divor, de schim- pot fi recunoscute ca legale pe teritoriul Re-
bare a numelui; copia certificatului de natere publicii Moldova deoarece snt adoptate de
a unuia dintre prini sau bunei, n cazul n care instane neconstituionale. Considerm c nu
solicitantul nu s-a nscut pe teritoriul Republicii este acceptabil nici practica de recunoatere
Moldova, dar este urmaul celor care s-au nscut
pe teritoriul ei; copia certificatului de natere a
a faptelor care au valoare juridic, unde ca
unuia dintre prini sau bunei ori adeverina de argument (prob) servesc aceleai hotrri
la locul de domiciliu, care confirm domicilierea judectoreti ilegale.
solicitantului sau a prinilor ori a buneilor aces- Ulterior, la 10 aprilie 2012, Consiliul Su-
tuia pe teritoriul Basarabiei, Nordului Bucovinei,
inutului Hera i n R.A.S.S.M. pn la 28 iunie perior al Magistraturii a adoptat Hotrrea
1940, n cazul n care solicitantul are temei s nr.209/14, conform creia orice act emis de
dobndeasc cetenia Republicii Moldova pe autoritile autoproclamate din Transnistria
motivul dat; adeverina de la locul de domiciliu, contravin din capul locului Constituiei, faptul
care confirm domicilierea solicitantului la data referindu-se n egal msur i la oricare ho-
de 23 iunie 1990 pe teritoriul Republicii Moldova
i pn n prezent, n cazul n care solicitantul are
trri, decizii, sentine pronunate de judec-
temei s dobndeasc cetenia Republicii Mol- toriile instituite n regiunea dat ilegal. Astfel,
dova pe motivul dat; adeverina de la organul snt inacceptabile orice colaborri, conlucrri
abilitat care atest faptul deportrii sau refugierii n aspect juridic i propuneri de soluii juridice
solicitantului sau a prinilor sau buneilor aces- cu structurile din regiunea transnistrean.
tuia de pe teritoriul Republicii Moldova ncepnd
cu 28 iunie 1940, n cazul n care solicitantul are Astfel, cetenii snt nevoii s obin
temei s dobndeasc cetenia Republicii Mol- dou hotrri judectoreti pe aceeai
dova pe motivul dat. situaie de fapt: o hotrre pronunat de
69
instana judectoreasc transnistrean tale ale omului n regiunea transnistrean.

i o hotrre pronunat de instana ju- Or, maniera i profunzimea n care aceast
dectoreasc constituional. n aceste problem va fi soluionat vor influena
circumstane, n anul 2012 Judectoria indubitabil nsi realizarea i consolidarea
Bender cu sediul n Varnia a pronunat 297 proteciei drepturilor omului n regiunea
hotrri cu privire la desfacerea cstoriei, vizat, iar n ultim instan, perfecionarea
29 hotrri privind decderea din drepturile statului de drept i respectul democraiei.
printeti i 18 hotrri privind adopia co- Relaiile de cooperare stabilite cu orga-
pilului. nizaiile internaionale implicate n solui-
Aceast procedur nu este aplicabil n onarea diferendului transnistrean, inclusiv
situaia n care copilul adoptat n baza unei cu participanii la formatul 5+2 de regle-
hotrri judectoreti transnistrene dorete mentare a conflictului transnistrean, snt, n
s-i perfecteze documentele de identitate opinia avocailor parlamentari, unele dintre
ale ceteanului Republicii Moldova dup soluiile potrivite ale statului pentru a asi-
atingerea vrstei de 18 ani. Or, instana ju- gura respectarea drepturilor i libertilor
dectoreasc constituional, cu trimitere fundamentale ale omului pe teritoriul din
la art. 10 din Legea privind regimul juri- stnga Nistrului. Totodat, dinamica i rezul-
dic al adopiei, respinge cererea privind tatele consultrilor n cadrul acestui format
ncuviinarea adopiei dac copilul adopta- determin necesitatea elaborrii unor stra-
bil a mplinit deja vrsta de 18 ani. tegii clare pentru viitor, revizuirea i adop-
n urma intervenirii avocailor parla- tarea strategiei grupurilor de lucru sectori-
mentari ctre viceprim-ministrul cu pre- ale, aprobate prin Hotrrea Guvernului nr.
rogative n problemele reintegrrii rii, 1178 din 31 octombrie 2007, inclusiv prin
acesta din urm a adresat demersuri Minis- instituirea grupului de lucru pentru dreptu-
terului Muncii, Proteciei Sociale i Familiei rile omului.
i Ministerului Justiiei, n care a relevat n contextul celor enunate, avocaii
necesitatea iniierii de urgen a procedu- parlamentari reitereaz c deciziile Curii
rii de modificare a legislaiei n domeniu Europene a Drepturilor Omului indic asu-
n sensul lichidrii carenelor legislative pra obligaiei pozitive a statului de a-i pro-
care obstrucioneaz aplicarea legislaiei n teja cetenii, obligaie care persist chiar i
partea ce se refer la protecia drepturilor n cazul n care exercitarea autoritii sale
persoanelor din regiunea transnistrean, este limitat pe o parte a teritoriului acestu-
n special a drepturilor copilului n ceea ia, astfel nct statului i revine obligaia de
ce privete adopia, tutela, decderea din a lua toate msurile adecvate care stau n
drepturile printeti i stabilirea domici- puterea sa123.
liului copilului. Pn n prezent, ministerele Avocaii parlamentari i exprim con-
vizate nu au ntreprins msuri pentru a da vingerea c o abordare mai larg a spec-
curs demersului viceprim-ministrului. trului de raporturi generate de conflictul
transnistrean pe linia de aciune a organis-
Concluzie melor internaionale partenere ale Republi-
cii Moldova va contribui esenial la asigura-
rea garantrii drepturilor fundamentale ale
Noile mecanisme de protecie a drep- omului pe teritoriul din stnga Nistrului.
turilor omului au menirea de a oferi viziuni
de alternativ asupra proceselor sociale
din regiunea transnistrean i s consolide-
ze instrumentele deja existente de asigura-
re a drepturilor i libertilor fundamentale.
n consecin, este imperios necesar de
a plasa accentul negocierilor asupra pro- Cauza Ilacu i alii vs Moldova i Rusia
123
teciei drepturilor i libertilor fundamen-
70
CAPITOLUL
CAPITOLULIII
Moldova
RepublicaProtocolu-
CAPITOLUL II
lui Opional la Convenia mpotriva torturii i a pedepselor, tratamentelor inumane sau degradante
Activitatea avocailor parlamentari i a
prevederilor
membrilor Consiliului consultativ prin
prisma prevederilor Protocolului Opional
prisma n
prinomului
la Convenia mpotriva torturii i a
pedepselor, tratamentelor inumane sau
drepturilor
degradante
Consiliului consultativ
1. Introducere n anul 2012, n cadrul Mecanismu-
Activitatea avocailor parlamentari i a membrilorRespectarea

lui Naional de Prevenire a Torturii au fost
efectuate 251 de vizite n locurile care asi-
Tortura este una dintre cele mai grave gur detenia persoanelor. Este extrem de
nclcri ale drepturilor omului.Ea distruge ngrijortor faptul c n locurile de detenie
demnitatea i valoarea omului, are efecte vizitate continu s fie constatate mpre-
negative asupra familiilor victimelor tortu- jurri care ar putea fi calificate drept tra-
rii i a comunitii. n pofida interzicerii ab- tament inuman sau degradant. Totodat,
solute a torturii, n conformitate cu dreptul se impune de remarcat reacia prompt a
internaional, aceasta, dei izolat, continu administraiei majoritii instituiilor peni-
s fie aplicat, mai ales n locurile aflate n tenciare i comisariatelor de poliie la reco-
afara controlului public. mandrile elaborate de MNPT n urma vizi-
Riscul de aplicare a torturii i a altor rele telor efectuate, fapt care, n opinia noastr,
tratamente exista peste tot. n unele state ncurajeaz cooperarea n spirit de dialog i
democratice interesele securitii naionale nelegere.
prevaleaz asupra principiilor de respecta- n prezent Mecanismul Naional de Pre-
re a drepturilor omului n contextul luptei venire a Torturii se confrunt n continuare
mpotriva terorismului, politicilor minii cu multe provocri. Pentru realizarea scopu-
de fier mpotriva criminalitii i mijloace- lui de baz al Mecanismului, i anume pre-
lor utilizate pentru a obine mrturii. venirea torturii, este esenial s fie vizitate n
Monitorizarea locurilor de detenie prin mod regulat toate locurile de detenie din
efectuarea unor vizite regulate i neanuna- Republica Moldova (circa 70 de instituii124).
te reprezint una dintre cele mai eficiente Aceast sarcin este imposibil de realizat
ci de prevenire a torturii i maltratare a fr resurse umane i financiare suficiente,
persoanelor private de libertate. fr o subdiviziune distinct n cadrul Cen-
Motivul pentru care este necesar intro- trului pentru Drepturile Omului.
ducerea monitorizrii permanente a locu-
rilor de detenie este faptul c persoanele
Vizita Subcomitetului ONU de
plasate n locuri de detenie, prin definiie
cu acces restrns pentru public, snt expu-
prevenire a torturii i altor pedepse
se riscului de tortur. Relele tratamente sau tratamente crude, inumane sau
pot rezulta, printre altele, din politica pe- degradante
nal a statului, din lipsa resurselor financi-
are pentru crearea condiiilor adecvate de n perioada 1 - 4 octombrie 2012, mem-
detenie, din instruirea necorespunztoare brii Subcomitetului ONU de prevenire a
a personalului sau din lipsa unui sistem efi- torturii i a altor pedepse sau tratamente
cient de monitorizare.
Cifra nu include numrul unitilor militare.
124
71
CAPITOLUL II
Activitatea avocailor parlamentari i a membrilor Consiliului consultativ prin prisma prevederilor Protocolului
crude, inumane sau degradante (SPT) au Metodologia vizitelor

vizitat Republica Moldova. Vizita a fost
realizat n vederea consultrii i asistrii n scopul de a asigura protecia per-
Mecanismului Naional de Prevenire a Tor- soanelor mpotriva torturii i a altor trata-
turii n fortificarea capacitii i consolida-
Opional la Convenia mpotriva torturii i a pedepselor, tratamentelor inumane sau degradante
mente sau pedepse crude, inumane sau

rea mandatului acestuia. De asemenea, un degradante, avocatul parlamentar, mem-
obiectiv al vizitei a fost evaluarea mijloace- brii Consiliului consultativ i alte persoane
lor necesare pentru consolidarea proteciei care pot s-i nsoeasc efectueaz periodic
persoanelor private de libertate mpotriva vizite preventive n locurile unde se afl sau
torturii i a altor tratamente crude, inuma- se pot afla persoane private de libertate.
ne sau degradante. Aceste vizite au mai multe funcii: funcia
n cursul vizitei, membrii delegaiei preventiv, protecia direct, documenta-
SPT s-au ntlnit cu responsabili din cadrul rea, baza pentru un dialog cu autoritile
Ministerului Justiiei, MAEIE, Ministerului responsabile de administrarea locurilor de
Afacerilor Interne, Procuraturii Generale, detenie.
Ministerului Sntii, Ministerului Apr- Trebuie de menionat c n temeiul art.
rii, deputai n Parlament i reprezentani ai 21 alin. (1) din OPCAT se interzice ordo-
societii civile. narea, aplicarea, permiterea sau tolerarea
Avnd n vedere c unul dintre obiecti- oricrui tip de sanciune, precum i pre-
vele principale ale acestei vizite a fost acor- judicierea n alt mod a unei persoane sau
darea asistenei consultative Mecanismului organizaii, pentru comunicarea oricrei in-
Naional de Prevenire a Torturii, au avut loc formaii, veridice sau false, avocatului parla-
o serie de ntlniri cu membrii Consiliului mentar, membrilor consiliului consultativ i
consultativ i cu angajaii CpDOM pentru altor persoane care i nsoesc n exercitarea
a fi discutate metodele de lucru i a fi exa- funciei de prevenire a aplicrii torturii sau
minate modalitile de sporire a eficienei a altor tratamente sau pedepse crude, inu-
MNPT. Membrii Subcomitetului, de aseme- mane sau degradante.
nea, au vizitat, mpreun cu reprezentanii n toate instituiile vizitate MNPT
MNPT, Penitenciarul nr. 13 din municipiul acioneaz n baza aceleiai metodologii.
Chiinu i IMSP Spitalul Clinic de Psihia- n prima etap se stabilete componena
trie. grupului de monitori, astfel nct s fie asi-
Pe marginea vizitei n Republica Mol- gurate capacitile necesare i cunotinele
dova, membrii Subcomitetului ONU au profesionale n conformitate cu cerinele
elaborat i transmis Mecanismului Naional OPCAT. Echipa care efectueaz vizita este
de Prevenire a Torturii un raport n care se format, de obicei, din minimum 3 persoa-
fac mai multe recomandri, inclusiv - pune, inclusiv o persoan care are rolul de co-
blicarea acestuia. Avocatul parlamentar, de ordonator de grup. Durata unei vizite este,
comun acord cu membrii Consiliului con- de regul, de o zi i depinde de mrimea
sultativ, a decis ca Raportul SPT s fie fcut instituiei vizitate, de problemele existen-
public, acesta fiind plasat pe pagina web te la faa locului. Celelalte etape ale vizitei
a Centrului pentru Drepturile Omului din includ discuia iniial cu administraia, vi-
Moldova125. zitarea ncperilor, discuii individuale i
Pentru a asigura un dialog continuu i n grup cu deinuii, discuii cu personalul,
contactul direct cu MNPT, SPT a solicitat examinarea registrelor i altor documente,
s fie informat, pn pe 9 iulie 2013, des- discuia final cu administraia.
pre aciunile ntreprinse pentru punerea n timpul vizitelor snt utilizate camere
n aplicare a recomandrilor cuprinse n foto, aparate de msur pentru mediu 4 n
raport. 1 Voltcraft, care ofer msurtori compara-
tive n domeniile iluminat, umiditate, nivel
acustic i temperatur.
125
72
CAPITOLUL II
Raportul privind rezultatele vizitei Vizite efectuate n anul 2012
include informaii despre condiiile ma-
teriale de detenie i situaia privind res- n anul 2012 n cadrul activitii MNPT,
pectarea drepturilor omului, cu referire au fost efectuate 251 de vizite, dintre care
la aspecte distincte cum ar fi alimentaia,

12 - de monitorizare a nivelului de imple-
asistena medical, regimul i activitile mentare a recomandrilor formulate ante-
etc. n raport snt prezentate concluziile rior de Mecanism. Cele mai multe vizite au
i recomandrile mecanismului naional fost efectuate n instituiile subordonate
de prevenire a torturii. Rapoartele ela- MAI (155). Au fost, de asemenea, efectu-
borate n urma vizitelor snt transmise ate vizite n penitenciare (60), n unitile
administraiei instituiilor vizitate i, dup militare din cadrul Forelor Armate (27), n
caz, instituiilor ierarhic superioare. Arti- spitale de psihiatrie (3) i n internatele psi-
colul 22 al OPCAT impune autoritilor honeurologice (6).
competente ale statului obligaia de a n imaginea de mai jos snt prezentate
examina interesat recomandrile MNPT vizitele efectuate de MNPT n anul 2012, con-
i de a dialoga cu acesta n vederea even- form tipului instituiilor vizitate i numrului
tualelor msuri de punere n aplicare. Pu- vizitelor efectuate (n %). (Vezi Anexa nr. 2).
nerea n aplicare a recomandrilor este
verificat, n principal, prin intermediul Tabelul de jos prezint o imagine de
corespondenei, cu monitorizarea terme- ansamblu asupra tuturor locurilor vizitate
nului de furnizare a rspunsului. n cadrul activitii MNPT ntre anii 2008 i
2012.
n total
Tipul de instituii vizitate 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
(2008-2012)
Instituii subordonate MAI * 73 83 155 155 466
Instituii subordonate MJ * 44 39 70 6 213
Instituii subordonate MS * 6 2 4 3 15
Instituii subordonate MMPSF * 6 6
Uniti militare din cadrul Forelor Armate * 2 2 9 27 40
n total 43 125 126 238 251 783
*nu au fost colectate date distincte
Vizitele au fost efectuate de angajaii periodic vizite preventive n locurile unde

CpDOM/avocaii parlamentari i mem- snt sau pot fi persoane private de liber-
brii Consiliului consultativ, n msura tate. Astfel, acestea au efectuat n anul
disponibilitii acestora: 235 de vizite au de referin 234 din numrul total de vi-
fost efectuate de ctre avocaii parlamen- zite: Reprezentana Bli 66 de vizite,
tari i angajaii CpDOM; 10 vizite - de ctre reprezentana Comrat 85, reprezentana
membrii Consiliului Consultativ i 6 vizite Cahul 83 i oficiul central 17 vizite (vezi
de ctre membrii Consiliului consultativ Anexa nr.4).
mpreun cu angajaii CpDOM/avocaii par- Numrul vizitelor efectuate de repre-
lamentari (vezi Anexa nr.3). zentane a sporit graie achiziionrii la
Conform prevederilor punctului 45 din sfritul anului 2011, cu suportul Delegaiei
Regulamentul Centrului pentru Drepturile Uniunii Europene n Republica Moldova, a
Omului din Moldova126, reprezentanelor 3 autovehicule, ceea ce a sporit mobilitatea
instituiei le revine atribuia de a efectua angajailor CpDOM n realizarea activiti-
lor de monitorizare (vezi Anexa nr.5).
Aprobat prin Hotrrea Parlamentului nr. 57 din
126
20.03.2008.
73
CAPITOLUL II
Anul Nr. de vizite Nr. de vizite Nr. de vizite Nr. de vizite

Reprezentana Reprezentana Reprezentana Oficiul central
Bli Comrat Cahul
2010 22 9 53 31
2011 25 67 80 55
2012 66 85 83 17
Odat cu sporirea numrului vizitelor fost ntocmite 29 de avize, n temeiul art. 28
efectuate n instituiile nominalizate, s-a alin.(1) lit. b) au fost fcute 13 demersuri i,
atestat i o cretere a numrului actelor n temeiul art. 29 aln.1lit.b)) au fost nain-
de reacionare ale avocailor parlamentari, tate 3 propuneri de mbuntire a activi-
inclusiv a propunerilor de mbuntire a tii aparatului administrativ. Totodat, au
activitii aparatului administrativ. Astfel, fost formulate 2 propuneri de modificare
n decursul anului, n temeiul art. 27 din Le- a Codului penal i Codului de procedur
gea cu privire la avocaii parlamentari, au penal.
Acte de reacionare
n total
(2008-
2012)
Tipul
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
actului de reacionare
Avize (art.27 din Legea nr.1349) cu privire la

2 11 34 28 35 110
avocaii parlamentari)
Recomandri (art.29 alin.(1) lit. b) din Legea
4 3 7
nr.1349 cu privire la avocaii parlamentari)
Demersuri (art.28 alin.(1) lit. b) din Legea nr. 1349 13
2 17 17 9 58
cu privire la avocaii parlamentari)
Propuneri de modificare a cadrului normativ 2 2

n total 4 28 51 41 53 177
Activitile CpDOM i ale membrilor anumite grupuri profesionale au contribu-

Consiliului consultativ n domeniul comit la reducerea numrului de petiii adresa-
baterii fenomenului torturii i relelor trate avocailor parlamentari de la persoane
tamente, pentru ameliorarea condiiilor ce invoc abuzuri din partea agenilor sta-
n care snt deinute persoane limitate n tului (vezi capitolul Activitatea CpDOM n
libertatea personal, de instruire a unor cifre).
2. Instituii subordonate Ministerului Afacerilor Interne
Aspecte generale cu mijloacele de aplicare a legii, n sensul

c uneori nclcarea regulilor este inevita-
bil, cum ar fi, bunoar, folosirea presiunii
O societate democratic i manifest fizice sau psihologice pentru a obine infor-
dorina pentru ordine i libertate, care snt maii sau utilizarea excesiv a forei pentru
cele dou mari sperane ale oamenilor. a efectua o arestare. Acest mod de gndire
Potrivit unor opinii, respectarea dreptu- este inadmisibil i nu poate fi tolerat, de-
rilor omului este, oarecum, incompatibil oarece respectul pentru drepturile omului
74
CAPITOLUL II
de ctre angajaii poliiei este o cerin n afl persoane private de libertate privitor la
aplicarea legii. nclcarea drepturilor omu- competenele, atribuiile i drepturile mem-
lui i, n special, aplicarea relelor tratamente brilor Consiliului consultativ n calitate de
scade eficiena i diminueaz rolul poliiei Mecanism Naional de Prevenire a Torturii.
n procesul dificil de exercitare a obligaiilor

Prevenirea relelor tratamente n
profesionale. instituiile subordonate MAI reprezint una
Utilizarea forei fizice i a mijloacelor dintre sarcinile primordiale ale MNPT. Ast-
de constrngere, n condiiile legii, prezint fel, n anul 2012 au fost efectuate 155 de
msuri extreme i aplicarea acestora ne- vizite n 28 dintre cele 43 comisariate de
cesit o argumentare suficient. n acest poliie.
context este de menionat c standarde- Pe parcursul anului n instituiile sub-
le internaionale din domeniul drepturi- ordonate poliiei au fost deinute 8708
lor omului cu privire la munca poliitilor persoane, comparativ cu 7996 persoane n
snt o surs de ndrumare n ndeplinirea anul 2011. Din acest numr, 642 persoane
funciilor lor. ine de obligaia Ministerului au fost deinute pentru ispirea arestului
Afacerilor Interne s familiarizeze perma- contravenional128, astfel fiind nclcate pre-
nent angajaii din sistem cu principalele in- vederile art. 313 alin. (3) din Codul de exe-
strumente internaionale ce reglementeaz cutare129. Nici n anul 2012 autoritile nu
drepturile omului i cu prevederile actelor au ntreprins msuri n vederea construciei
normative naionale, astfel nct acetia s caselor de arest, a cror funcionare este
fie capabili s le foloseasc n activitatea lor prevzut n Legea cu privire la sistemul pe-
de zi cu zi. nitenciar nr. 1036 din 17.12.1996. n opinia
Pornind de la necesitatea de a eradica avocailor parlamentari, detenia persoa-
orice tip de abuz din partea poliiei, este nelor n aceste tipuri de instituii ar reduce
salutabil includerea n Planul de aciuni al fenomenul torturii, datorit posibilitii de
MAI n domeniul drepturilor omului pentru a evita contactul direct dintre persoanele
anii 2012-2014127 a unor obiective specifi- arestate i inspectorii poliiei criminale.
ce, menite s contracareze tortura, alte tra- Totodat, este salutabil faptul c n ma-
tamente inumane sau degradante: joritatea comisariatelor de poliie nu se mai
consolidarea capacitilor n domeniul admite detenia persoanelor reinute sau
prevenirii i combaterii torturii sau a altor rele arestate pe un termen ce depete 72 de
tratamente prin organizarea cursurilor de in- ore. Dup expirarea acestui termen persoa-
struire a colaboratorilor organelor de urm- nele aflate n custodia poliiei snt transfe-
rire penal; investigarea eficient a cazurilor rate, de regul, n penitenciare. Ca excepie
de tortur i a altor tratamente inumane i de la tendina general, n unele comisa-
degradante i reducerea incidenei cazurilor riate de poliie se mai practic deinerea
de tortur i de alte rele tratamente aplicate persoanelor arestate preventiv130. Astfel, n
persoanelor aflate n custodia organelor de Chiinu, Soroca, Bli, Comrat acest ter-
urmrire penal, prin intermediul unui ir de men depete 10 zile.
aciuni specificate n plan; relevarea cazurilor Transferul atribuiei de detenie provi-
de aplicare de ctre colaboratorii organelor zorie din subordinea Ministerului Afacerilor
afacerilor interne a tratamentului inuman i
degradant n privina reinuilor; asigurarea 128
Not Informativ privind rezultatele activitii
unei evidene unice a cazurilor de maltratare, subdiviziunilor DIJ a DGPOP al DP al MAI pe par-
tratament inuman sau degradant din partea cursul a 12 luni ale anului 2012.
angajailor MAI; consolidarea Mecanismului
129
Penitenciarele, inclusiv izolatoarele de urmrire
penal ale Departamentului Instituiilor Peniten-
Naional de Prevenire a Torturii prin informa-
ciare ale Ministerului Justiiei asigur executarea
rea colaboratorilor subdiviziunilor n care se arestului preventiv.
130
Codul de executare, art. 303 alin. (1): persoanele
Plan MAI 2012-2014 Drepturile Omului, www.
127
fa de care a fost aplicat arestarea preventiv
mai.gov.md snt deinute n penitenciare.
75
CAPITOLUL II
Interne n subordinea Ministerului Justiiei, Un aspect ce ine de eficiena MNPT este

temeinicia i legalitatea deinerii persoa- asigurarea accesului nengrdit al membri-
nelor reinute i arestate n instituiile sub- lor acestuia la toate informaiile referitoare
ordonate MAI reprezint un subiect intens la numrul persoanelor private de libertate
discutat n contextul realizrii Strategiei de n locurile de detenie n sensul art. 4 din
reformare a sistemului penitenciar131, a im- OPCAT, precum i la numrul acestor locuri,

plementrii Planului naional de aciuni n amplasarea acestora. n acest context, pe
domeniul drepturilor omului pe anii 2011- parcursul anului 2012 nu au fost ntmpinate
2014 i a modificrii cadrului normativ ce dificulti n ceea ce privete accesul n lo-
reglementeaz funcionarea instituiilor curile de detenie/la informaie, cu excepia
care asigur detenia persoanelor. Pn la unor cazuri izolate. Astfel, la 06.01.2012
moment nu exist o politic comun ce ar eful izolatorului de detenie provizorie
determina statutul izolatoarelor de detenie al Comisariatului de poliie Ceadr-Lunga
provizorie ale poliiei, nu snt elaborate nor- a interzis accesul n celulele izolatorului,
me ce ar reglementa evidena i accesul motivnd ineficiena vizitei. n alt caz, avut
persoanelor n incinta edificiilor poliiei, nu loc la 24.02.2012 n Comisariatul de poliie
snt reglementate i respectate Normele al sectorului Centru, mun. Chiinu, cola-
de alimentare i igien pentru persoanele boratorii serviciului de gard au refuzat s
luate n custodia poliiei, norme prevzute prezinte registrele de eviden. Aceste inci-
pentru deinuii din sistemul penitenciar. dente denot cunoaterea insuficient de
La fel nu snt stabilite normele ce ar regle- ctre colaboratorii poliiei a prevederilor
menta procedura transferrii persoanelor legale ce reglementeaz activitatea MNPT.
arestate din penitenciare n izolatoarele de De altfel, avocaii parlamentari i angajaii
detenie provizorie din subordinea poliiei. CpDOM organizeaz periodic, la solicitare,
Aceste mprejurri creeaz premise pentru instruiri tematice pentru diferite grupuri
aplicarea de ctre poliiti a torturii i altor profesionale, inclusiv pentru efectivele co-
rele tratamente. misariatelor de poliie.
Este binevenit iniiativa MAI de elabo-
rare a Instruciunii de activitate a izolatoa- Condiiile de detenie n izolatoa-
relor de detenie provizorie ale Ministerului rele de detenie provizorie
Afacerilor Interne. Cu toate acestea, practi-
ca demonstreaz c aflarea ndelungat n
n cadrul vizitelor efectuate n anul 2012
custodia poliiei, precum i lipsa unor re-
s-a constatat c n unele instituii din sub-
glementri stricte de eviden a accesului
ordinea MAI condiiile de detenie din izo-
persoanelor n edificiile poliiei, contribuie
latoarele de detenie preventiv snt mai
la perpetuarea fenomenului de relele trata-
bune dect n penitenciarele cu statut de
mente. Din acest considerent, n anul 2012,
izolator de urmrire penal aflate n sub-
n cadrul activitii MNPT a fost modificat
ordinea Ministerului Justiiei. Drept exem-
strategia de efectuare a vizitelor preventive
plu poate fi adus Comisariatul General de
n comisariatele de poliie. Membrii grupu-
Poliie (CPR) al municipiului Chiinu, CPR
rilor de lucru i concentreaz atenia asu-
Nisporeni, CPR Sngerei, CPR Teleneti, CPR
pra monitorizrii izolatoarelor de detenie
Orhei. Cu toate acestea, MAI trebuie s de-
provizorie, dar i a birourilor de serviciu ale
pun eforturi pentru a asigura condiii de
colaboratorilor poliiei, se pune accent pe
detenie adecvate n celelalte comisariate.
efectuarea vizitelor preventive n seciile
n special, este ngrijortoare situaia din
de poliie aflate n afara comisariatelor de
CPR Comrat, CPR Soroca, CPR Cueni, CPR
poliie.
Bender.
131
Planul de msuri pentru anii 2004-2020 pentru
n acest context este de menionat c
realizarea Concepiei de reformare a sistemului activitatea Comitetului european pentru
penitenciar, Hotrrea Guvernului nr. 624 din prevenirea torturii (CPT) este conceput ca
31.12.2004, M.O. nr. 13-13/101 din 16.01.2004.
76
CAPITOLUL II
parte indivizibil a sistemului de protecie majoritatea izolatoarelor care funcioneaz
a drepturilor omului al Consiliului Europei. snt amenajate cte 8-10 celule. Din acestea,
Activitatea CPT pune n aplicare un meca- doar cte 2-5 celule, reparate nc n anul
nism extrajudiciar proactiv alturi de me- 2010, snt utilizate pentru detenia persoa-
canismul judiciar reactiv existent al Curii nelor, cu excepia izolatoarelor din comi-

europene a drepturilor omului i este deci- sariatele de poliie Chiinu, Bli, Comrat,
siv n acest domeniu, fiind utilizat de CtE- Cueni, unde este utilizat un numr mai
DO la constatarea violrii art. 3 din CEDO mare de celule din cauza funcionrii
de ctre statele semnatare. curilor de apel de circumscripie.
n primul Raport ntocmit n urma vizi- La 09.02.2012 a fost dat n exploatare
tei efectuate de CPT n Republica Moldova izolatorul de detenie provizorie al Comisa-
n perioada 11 21 octombrie 1998, a fost riatului general de poliie din mun. Chiinu
naintat recomandarea: toate celulele de (str. Tighina 6), renovat cu susinerea Consi-
poliie s fie curate, cu un metraj rezonabil, n liului Europei i a Uniunii Europene. Moder-
legtur cu numrul de persoane presupuse nizarea izolatorului s-a efectuat conform
s gzduiasc i s aib o iluminare satisf- standardelor n vigoare, costul lucrrilor fi-
ctoare pentru a putea citi i o aerisire adec- ind de 250 mii euro. Celulele au fost amena-
vat; celulele trebuie s dispun de condiii jate astfel nct s permit iluminarea adec-
pentru iluminatul natural. n afar de aceasta vat, ventilarea. Ele au fost dotate cu paturi
ele ar trebui s fie amenajate n aa mod ca s comode, lenjerie nou. Au fost amenajate
permit persoanelor deinute s se odihneas- corespunztor blocurile sanitare, veceurile,
c (adic s aib la dispoziie un scaun sau asigurndu-se astfel intimitatea deinuilor,
o banchet, iar persoanele obligate s-i pe- este livrat permanent ap potabil. Ca-
treac noaptea n detenie - o canapea i de merele de supraveghere video instalate n
cuverturi curate). n acelai timp, persoanele celule permit asigurarea securitii persoa-
private de libertate ar trebui s-i poat sati- nelor plasate n izolator.
sface necesitile fiziologice, n momentul do- Cu toate c n anul 2010 cu suportul
rit n condiii curate i decente i ar trebui s Guvernului n majoritatea IDP-urilor a fost
dispun de condiii adecvate pentru a-i face reparat un anumit numr de celule, n co-
toaleta. Aceste persoane ar trebui s aib ac- misariatele de poliie Comrat, Ceadr-Lun-
ces liber la apa potabil i s aib din ce mn- ga, Basarabeasca, Rcani s-au nregistrat
ca la orele normale, inclusiv o mas complet cazuri de plasare a persoanelor deinute n
mcar o dat pe zi. Persoanele reinute timp celulele nereparate. Avocatul parlamentar,
de 24 de ore sau mai mult ar trebui s li se pro- n calitate de MNPT, a solicitat s nu se mai
pun plimbri,n msura posibilitilor132. admit detenia persoanelor n celulele ne-
innd cont de prevederile enunate reparate i a recomandat sigilarea lor.
n standardele CPT, membrii grupurilor de O problem ce continu s fie tratat
monitori din cadrul MNPT s-au axat n ca- cu indiferen de autoriti este alimenta-
drul vizitelor pe verificarea condiiilor marea persoanelor aflate n custodia poliiei.
teriale din celulele izolatoarelor de detenie n prezent asigurarea cu hran a persoa-
ale poliiei; calitatea i cantitatea alimen- nelor deinute n izolatoarele de detenie
trii deinuilor aflai n custodia poliiei; provizorie subordonate MAI este efec-
oportunitatea i calitatea asistenei medi- tuat prin ncheierea unor contracte cu
cale acordate. agenii economici din teritoriu. Conform
Condiiile de detenie atestate n anul Hotrrii Guvernului nr. 609 din 29.05.2006
2012 nu s-au schimbat radical compara- Privind aprobarea normelor minime de
tiv cu cele atestate de CPT n anul 1998. n alimentaie zilnic a deinuilor i de elibe-
rare a detergenilor, norma zilnic stabilit
132
Raportul CPT cu privire la vizita efectuat n
este de nu mai puin de 15 lei, cu asigurarea
Republica Moldova n perioada 11.10.1998- alimentaiei de 3 ori pe zi. Aplicarea Hot-
21.10.1998, Strasbourg, 14.12.2000, pag. 19. rrii Guvernului nr. 609 pentru asigurarea cu
77
CAPITOLUL II
hran a persoanelor deinute n izolatoarele soarea, n cazurile n care se impun msuri

de detenie provizorie subordonate MAI se de profilaxie, de securitate sau n vederea
ntemeiaz pe prevederile art. 435 alin. (6) asigurrii proteciei acestora; precum i
din Codul contravenional. Potrivit acesto- persoanelor crora pedeapsa aplicat iniial
ra, persoanei reinute i se asigur cel puin sub form de amend sau munc neremu-
condiiile prevzute n Codul de executare nerat n folosul comunitii le-a fost nlo-
al Republicii Moldova pentru persoanele su- cuit cu pedeapsa nchisorii.
puse msurii arestului preventiv. Prevederile
art.306 alin.1) din Codul de executare prin
Aspecte ce in de prevenirea torturii
care se stabilete c dispoziiile capitolului
XXII din prezentul cod referitor la condiiile
Orice persoan beneficiaz de dreptul la
de deinere se aplic n mod corespunz-
integritate fizic i psihic. Aplicarea relelor
tor persoanelor aflate sub arest preventiv
tratamente asupra persoanelor aflate n cus-
n msura n care nu contravin dispoziiilor
todia autoritilor de stat, inclusiv a poliiei
prezentului titlu. ns condiiile i normele
este strict interzis. Legislaia naional i
privind asigurarea cu hran a deinuilor
standardele internaionale interzic aplicarea
plasai n instituiile penitenciare nu snt n-
torturii n termeni absolui, chiar i n cazul
tru totul aplicabile persoanelor deinute n
luptei cu terorismul i crima organizat133.
izolatoarele de detenie provizorie subordo-
nate Ministerului Afacerilor Interne. Cele mai vulnerabile snt persoanele
reinute de poliie, riscul de a fi supuse re-
Astfel, rmne n continuare actual pro-
lelor tratamente fiind mai sporit n primele
blema neasigurrii cu hran a preveniilor
clipe dup reinere. La fel de vulnerabili snt
n perioada escortrii din penitenciar n
i acei audiai n birourile poliitilor n lipsa
comisariatele de poliie sau n instanele
unui avocat.
de judecat pentru efectuarea aciunilor de
urmrire penal sau participare la edinele Anume din aceste considerente prin re-
judectoreti. comandrile CPT au fost instituite 3 garanii
pentru persoanele reinute, care au fost
O alt component a tratamentului
preluate i n Instruciunea de funcionare a
adecvat al deinuilor aflai n custodia
izolatoarelor de detenie provizorie:
poliiei este asigurarea gradului minim de
asisten medical. Astfel, garania de a fi 1. dreptul de a notifica detenia unei
examinat de un medic reprezint una din- tere persoane alese (un membru al
tre cele 3 garanii menite s previn tortura familiei, un prieten);
i relele tratamente. n majoritatea comisa- 2. dreptul de a avea acces la un avocat;
riatelor de poliie snt angajai felceri, ns 3. dreptul de a solicita examinarea medi-
activitatea lor n mare parte este una for- cal, inclusiv de ctre un medic inde-
mal. Exist probleme ce in de examinarea pendent.
medical a persoanelor reinute n afara
n cadrul activitii MNPT i n urma exa-
programului de lucru al cadrelor medicale
minrii petiiilor, n adresa organelor procu-
sau pe timp de noapte. n comisariatele
raturii au fost naintate 7 demersuri privind
unde nu snt angajai felceri, n cazurile n
examinarea oportunitii de a ncepe urm-
care persoanele deinute n izolator acuz
rirea penal pe faptul maltratrii comise de
probleme de sntate, snt apelate servicii-
ctre poliiti sau angajai ai DIP. Trei dintre
le asistenei medicale de urgen.
cele apte demersuri au avut drept rezultat
Problemele existente la capitolul asi- nceperea urmriri penale.
gurarea asistenei medicale ar putea fi
Potrivit informaiilor de sintez ale Pro-
soluionate definitiv doar dup construcia
curaturii Generale n domeniul aplicrii tor-
caselor de arest destinate pentru deinerea
turii, n ultimii 3 ani s-a creat urmtoarea
preveniilor, persoanelor fa de care a fost
situaie:
aplicat sanciunea arestului contravenio-
nal; condamnailor la pedeapsa cu nchi- Corsacov versus Moldova.
133
78
CAPITOLUL II
Perioada
Categoria de sesizri nregistrate conform articolelor din Codul penal
Art. Art. Art. Art. 328 alin. Art. 368 (cu apli- Art.
n total:
1661 309 3091 (2) i (3) carea violenei) 370
Anul 2010 19 284 491 2 32 828

Anul 2011 23 295 587 26 7 958
Anul 2012 9 18 391 509 37 6 970
Un mijloc eficient de colectare a datelor pronunate 13 sentine n privina a 30 per-

despre aplicarea relelor tratamente poate fi soane. Dintre acestea, 5 sentine de con-
considerat telefonul de ncredere, serviciu damnare au fost pronunate n privina a
instituit n procuraturile teritoriale i speci- 10 colaboratori de poliie. Toate persoanele
alizate (51 telefoane de ncredere, cu impli- condamnate au fost pedepsite cu suspen-
carea n aceast activitate a 70 procurori). darea condiionat a pedepsei, o persoan
Informaiile despre funcionarea acestui condamnat cu amend.
serviciu au fost publicate n ziarele locale n acest context procurorii subliniaz
i afiate n sediile administraiilor publice necesitatea de a se acorda prioritate in-
locale i pe pagina web a Procuraturii Ge- struirii profesionale a colaboratorilor de
nerale. poliie pentru a-i determina s renune la
Conform unei analize efectuate de c- experiena aplicrii relelor tratamente; s
tre procurori, n cele mai multe cazuri co- se nfptuiasc o instruire profesional per-
laboratorii de poliie recurg la aplicarea tinent, ce ar integra principiile dreptului
violenei n scopul de a obine mrturii de uman, ca o component important a stra-
la persoane, autodenunuri, aciuni care tegiei de prevenire a maltratrilor134.
snt determinate i de interesul de a raporta Rolul procurorilor n ceea ce privete
indici statistici favorabili la compartimentul investigarea eficient a alegaiilor de tor-
de descoperire a infraciunilor. tur este esenial. Ei snt obligai s cerce-
Din numrul total de sesizri privind teze minuios pretinsele cazuri de tortur,
aplicarea relelor tratamente predomi- avnd drept sarcin stabilirea adevrului, a
n aciunile care au drept form de baz fptailor, consecinelor actelor de maltra-
aplicarea de lovituri cu minile i picioare- tare, att fizice, ct i psihice. n anul 2012
le - aproximativ 66 la sut din reclamaii. pentru procurorii specializai de a investiga
Aproximativ 11% dintre sesizri vizeaz cazurile de tortur au fost organizate un ir
aplicarea abuziv a mijloacelor speciale, de seminare de instruire sub egida Institu-
folosirea armei, instrumente speciale, alte tului Naional de Justiie, prin intermediul
obiecte bastoane, sticle de ap, cri. Mal- Programului comun al Consiliului Europei
tratarea persoanelor s-a soldat n cele mai i a Uniunii Europene privind consolidarea
multe cazuri cu vtmri corporale nen- msurilor de combatere a relelor tratamen-
semnate sau uoare, n 25 de cazuri s-au te i a impunitii.
atestat vtmri medii, iar n 5 - vtmri n anul 2012 au fost operate un ir de
corporale grave ale sntii. modificri n Codul penal, Codul de pro-
n 2012 a fost nceput urmrirea pe- cedur penal, Codul de executare i alte
nal n 140 de cazuri (108 cauze pornite acte normative, pentru a executa obligaiile
n 2011). Au fost remise cu rechizitoriu n asumate prin ratificarea tratatelor internai-
instanele judectoreti 46 de cauze penale onale mpotriva torturii, tratamentelor in-
privind aplicarea relelor tratamente (n anul
2011 - 36 cauze). 134
Not Informativ a Procuraturii Generale pentru
Cu referire la statistica de examinare a anul 2012 privind date statistice din activitatea
cauzelor n instanele de judecat, n anul procurorilor responsabili de examinarea cazurilor
de tortur i relele tratamente din procuraturile
2012, n baza art. 3091 Cod penal au fost teritoriale i specializate.
79
CAPITOLUL II
umane i degradante, precum i nlturrii izolatorul de detenie provizorie al Comisari-

deficienelor constatate la nivel legislativ n atului raional de poliie Anenii Noi, motivul
acest domeniu. fiind efectuarea lucrrilor de reparaie n IDP
Merit apreciate modificrile introduse al Comisariatului General de Poliie (CGP)
Chiinu. Membrul Consiliului consultativ
prin Legea nr. 66 din 05.04.2012, potrivit c-

rora n art. 143 Cod de procedur penal a care a efectuat aceast vizit tia cu certitudi-
fost introdus pct. 31 care instituie obligaia ne c persoana reinut se afla n incinta CGP
dispunerii i efecturii n mod obligatoriu a Chiinu. ns cnd a solicitat informaii des-
expertizei pentru constatarea strii psihice, pre ceteanul vizat, responsabilii din cadrul
psihologice i fizice a persoanei n a crei comisariatului nu au putut furniza informaii
privin exist reclamaie c a comis acte plauzibile i clare despre locul aflrii lui F.A..
de tortur, tratamente inumane sau degra- n concluzie, maltratarea persoanei reinute
dante. a fost posibil din cauza controlului insufici-
ent al activitii angajailor CGP Chiinu din
De asemenea, n baza Legii nr. 252 din
partea conducerii comisariatului, nerespec-
08.11.2012, art. 147, Codul de procedur pe-
trii regulilor privind escortarea preveniilor
nal a fost completat cu pct. 11, care prevede
dintr-o instituie de poliie.
c n cazul torturii este obligatorie efectu-
area expertizei complexe cu operarea exa- La CpDOM a fost nregistrat plngerea
minrii medico-legale, psihologice i, dup ceteanului V.P., locuitor al municipiului
caz, a altor forme de examinare. Aceast Bli, care a invocat faptul c dup reinere
prevedere va oferi posibilitatea dispunerii a fost escortat la Comisariatul municipal de
unei expertize complexe, ori tortura com- Poliie Bli i maltratat de ctre 3 poliiti
port att prejudicii de natur fizic, ct i ntr-un birou de serviciu. Petiionarul a
prejudicii de natur psihic. menionat c a fost dezbrcat, njurat i
ameninat cu moartea, lovit cu o sticl plin
Introducerea n Codul penal a unui ar-
cu ap n cap, agat pe o bar de fier i vio-
ticol nou Tortura, tratamentul inuman
lat cu o sticl de vin. Avocatul parlamentar a
sau degradant (art. 1661) constituie un
naintat n baza plngerii i controlului efec-
temei suplimentar pentru poliiti de a n-
tuat o sesizare, ns Procuratura mun. Bli a
elege inadmisibilitatea aplicrii torturii, or
decis nenceperea urmririi penale.
sanciunile pentru actele de tortur prevd
pedeaps real cu nchisoarea. Pe 11 septembrie 2012 colaboratorii
Comisariatului de Poliie Briceni l-au escor-
Sesizrile parvenite la Centrul pentru
tat pe minorul S.V. de la Gimnaziul din satul
Drepturile Omului n anul 2012 demonstrea-
Criva raionul Briceni la postul de poliie din
z veridicitatea concluziilor Mecanismu-
satul Drepcui. Aici a fost maltratat de un
lui Naional de Prevenire a Torturii privind
poliist, fiind impus s recunoasc svrirea
persistena fenomenului de tortur i a re-
unui furt. Avocatul parlamentar a naintat
lelor tratamente n instituiile subordonate
o sesizare pe faptul dat. Procuratura Bri-
MAI.
ceni a dispus nenceperea urmririi penale.
n timpul vizitei preventive efectuate Totodat, organele procuraturii au stabilit
de un membru al Consiliului consultativ la abateri n aciunile poliitilor - depirea
Comisariatul General de Poliie Chiinu atribuiilor de serviciu n legtur cu faptul
pe 20 ianuarie 2012 au aprut bnuieli re- c, potrivit art. 270 alin. (1) pct. 1) lit. h) CPP,
zonabile despre maltratarea ceteanului urmrirea penal n cazul infraciunilor
F.A., locuitor al unei suburbii a municipiului svrite de minori se efectueaz de procu-
Chiinu. Din relatrile rudelor, acesta a fost rori.
maltratat n incinta unui birou de serviciu al
Lipsa unei proceduri stricte de nregis-
poliitilor, fiind impus s recunoasc faptul
trare a persoanelor aduse n sectoarele de
c ar fi comis o infraciune. Imediat dup pri-
poliie creeaz premise pentru aplicarea
mul interogatoriu ce a avut loc n lipsa unui
torturii i relelor tratamente fa de aces-
aprtor, ceteanul F.A. a fost transferat n
tea. Astfel, la 15 noiembrie 2012, A.G. a fost
80
CAPITOLUL II
atacat de o persoan necunoscut. Doar alin.(1) art.287/1 din Codul de procedur
dup ce a fost dobort la pmnt, nctuat penal din motiv c nu au fost identificate
i lovit cu picioarele, a neles c este ata- persoanele care puteau fi puse sub nvinuire.
cat de poliiti. A fost escortat la sectorul de n cadrul urmririi penale pe aceste
poliie din oraul Sngera unde a fost mal-

cauze s-au ntreprins un volum imens de
tratat de poliiti i impus s recunoasc aciuni de urmrire penal, ns din motiv
svrirea unei sustrageri de bunuri. A fost c persoanele care au acionat ilegal, avnd
lovit de un poliist pe motiv c n cadrul cagule pe cap sau victimele erau torturate
reinerii acesta i-ar fi stricat ceasul. n pre- n timp ce se aflau cu faa la perete, ori cu
zent circumstanele cazului snt investigate capul aplecat n jos, fptuitorii nu au putut
de procuratur. fi identificai.
Tortura i relele tratamente aplicate de Anume pe aceste fapte, aplicarea vio-
colaboratorii de poliie continu s repre- lenei n cadrul comisariatelor de poliie de
zinte un fenomen periculos n Republica ctre persoanele care nu pot fi identificate,
Moldova. Este important de a contientiza s-a dispus pornirea a 4 urmriri penale n
c tortura comport consecine negative baza alin.(1) art.329 din Codul penal - ne-
att pentru victime, ct i pentru persoanele glijena n serviciu comis de ctre factorii
ce recurg la asemenea practici n activita- de decizie ai Comisariatelor de poliie din
tea lor profesional. n acest context, Me- sectoarele Centru, Buiucani, Ciocana i ai
canismului Naional de Prevenire a Torturii CGP Chiinu, 3 dintre ele fiind expediate
i revine nu numai misiunea de a efectua cu rechizitoriu n instana de judecat.
vizite inopinate n structurile subordonate
Pe cauzele n care au exercitat urmri-
poliiei, dar i de a promova tolerana zero
rea penal procurorii au solicitat i, drept
fa de tortur, tratamente inumane i de-
urmare, au fost suspendai provizoriu din
gradante.
funcie 14 colaboratori ai MAI, iar la mo-
Cu referire la plngerile i denunurile ment aceast msur procesual de con-
participanilor la protestele din aprilie 2009 strngere a rmas a fi aplicat n privina a 9
privind pretinse cazuri de tortur, pedepse inculpai, deoarece la contestarea aplicrii
sau tratamente inumane ori degradante acesteia instanele de judecat au satisf-
din partea colaboratorilor de poliie, au fost cut plngerile a 5 nvinuii.
nregistrate i examinate 108 sesizri. n 31
Din aceste cauze penale pe 28 dosare n
dintre aceste cazuri procurorii s-au autose-
privina a 45 colaboratori de poliie urm-
sizat i au pornit investigaii.
rirea penal a fost finalizat cu ntocmirea
Dup investigaiile efectuate n baza rechizitoriilor i expedierea acestora n in-
art.274 din Codul de procedur penal (instanele de judecat.
clusiv dup reverificarea materialelor de
n urma examinrilor judiciare, instane-
refuz de ctre Secia combatere tortur), n
le de fond au pronunat n 19 cauze penale
total, au fost pornite 71 de dosare penale:
(n dou cazuri dosarele au fost conexate
- n 42 de cazuri - n baza art.3091 din Co- ntr-o singur procedur) n privina a 34
dul penal; colaboratori de poliie diferite sentine.
- n 19 cazuri - n baza art.328 alin.(2) Sentine de condamnare au fost pro-
lit.a) din Codul penal; nunate pe 5 cauze n privina la 14
- n 10 cazuri - pe alte categorii de in- poliiti.
fraciuni. Sentin de ncetare a procesului a
n urma coroborrii tuturor probelor fost pronunat ntr-un caz n privina
acumulate, doar n 8 dosare s-a dispus cla- la un poliist.
sarea i ncetarea urmririi penale. Sentine de achitare au fost pronun-
n alte 25 de cauze, procurorii au dispus ate pe 13 dosare n privina la 20 co-
suspendarea urmririi penale n baza pct.2) laboratori de poliie.
81
CAPITOLUL II
Din aceste sentine, au devenit irevoca- privina a 3 persoane i o sentin de achi-

bile 3 hotrri ale instanelor de judecat, n tare n privina a 2 persoane).
a cror baz au fost achitate 4 persoane. Instana de apel de asemenea a casat 2
n 5 cazuri, sentinele au fost casate de sentine de achitare n privina a 2 colabo-
instana de apel, fiind pronunate 3 decizii ratori de poliie, dispunnd condamnarea

de condamnare n privina a 5 persoane acestor persoane.
(astfel fiind casate 2 sentine de achitare Actualmente, procurorii continu efec-
i una de condamnare cu achitarea doar a tuarea aciunilor de anchet n 10 dosare n
unui inculpat) i 2 decizii de ncetare a pro- care urmrirea penal a fost pornit n baza
cesului penal n privina a 5 persoane (astfel art.3091 din Codul penal.
fiind casat o sentin de condamnare n
Recomandri :
Asigurarea respectrii prevederilor legale privind detenia persoanelor, n a cror
privin a fost aplicat arestarea preventiv;
Asigurarea respectrii drepturilor persoanelor reinute, n special a dreptului de a
informa rudele despre reinere, dreptului la un aprtor i dreptului de a fi examinat de
un medic;
Instruirea continu a colaboratorilor de poliie sub aspectul propagrii mesajului
toleran zero actelor de tortur;
Asigurarea suportului psihologic colaboratorilor de poliie pentru anticiparea i evi-
tarea problemelor de ordin psihologic cauzate de stresul profesional;
Extinderea instalrii de sisteme de supraveghere video n toate sediile comisariate-
lor i seciilor de poliie;
Construcia caselor de arest, pentru a asigura detenia persoanelor arestate preventiv.
3. Instituii subordonate Ministerului Justiiei
Aspecte generale ca serviciu public specializat n recupera-

rea celor cu un comportament infracio-
nal grav sau deosebit de grav, latura sa de
Avnd la baz sarcinile atribuite prin asisten social specializat fiind tot mai
lege, sistemul penitenciar nu reprezint pregnant fa de latura custodial. n
numai un mediu de aplicare a sanciunilor acest context, prin adoptarea Legii cu pri-
penale, de excludere a individului vinovat, vire la probaiune, legiuitorul a instituit un
dar i cel n care deinutul trebuie ajutat s mecanism de control al persoanelor aflate
gseasc soluii eficiente de reintegrare so- n conflict cu legea penal i de resocializa-
cial dup ieirea sa din detenie. Prin exe- re a lor, de adaptare a persoanelor eliberate
cutarea pedepselor privative de libertate se din locurile de detenie, pentru prentmpi-
urmrete formarea unei atitudini corecte narea svririi de noi infraciuni135. Avocaii
fa de ordinea de drept, fa de regulile de parlamentari s-au pronunat pe marginea
convieuire social, astfel nct dup elibe- eficienei implementrii acestui mecanism
rare deinuii s triasc n respectul legii. ntr-un raport tematic, realizat n perioada
Societatea are nevoie de penitenciare, 2011-2012.136
instituii sociale, care s contribuie la re-
ducerea comportamentelor infracionale. 135
Legea cu privire la probaiune nr. 8 din 14.02.2008.
Din aceast perspectiv se poate deduce 136
http://www.ombudsman.md/file/RAPOARTE%2
sensul dezvoltrii instituiei penitenciare, 0TEMATICE%20PDF/FINAL%20RAPORT%20pro-
batiunea%20(1)
82
CAPITOLUL II
n prezent n Republica Moldova tenciarelor. Astfel se constat c n sistemul
funcioneaz 17 penitenciare, aflate n sub- penitenciar rmn nesoluionate din an n
ordinea Ministerului Justiiei (10 penitenci- an aceleai probleme, aflate n vizorul avo-
are de tip nchis, 5 avnd i statut de izolator catului parlamentar, n calitate de MNPT:
de urmrire penal; 3 penitenciare de tip

neasigurarea condiiilor adecvate
seminchis; 1 penitenciar cu profil medical; de detenie;
1 penitenciar pentru femei; 1 penitenciar
asistena medical neadecvat,
pentru fotii colaboratori ai organelor de
drept; 1 penitenciar pentru minori). capacitatea mare a dormitoarelor.
n anul 2012, n cadrul activitii MNPT Pe lng problemele de sistem enume-
au fost efectuate 60 de vizite n 15 peniten- rate anterior, n anul 2012, pentru prima
ciare (vezi Anexa nr.6). dat, a fost abordat problema relaiilor ne-
regulamentare dintre deinui, n special as-
n urma acestor vizite, cu trimitere la
pectele ce in de o categorie vulnerabil de
prevederile Legii cu privire la avocaii par-
condamnai aa-numiii deinui umilii.
lamentari, n adresa administraiei peni-
tenciarelor au fost formulate i expediate
12 avize137 i o recomandare privind mbu- Condiii de detenie
ntirea activitii aparatului administra-
tiv138. n avizele expediate au fost elabo- Condiiile de detenie n penitenciare au
rate i propuse un ir de recomandri cu fost n repetate rnduri descrise n rapoarte-
referire la condiiile de detenie, asistena le anterioare privind activitatea avocatului
medical, raporturile dintre condamnai i parlamentar n calitate de MNPT139, n ra-
administraie, asigurarea material a peni- poartele pe marginea vizitelor efectuate n
penitenciare de ctre membrii Consiliului
137
Art. 27 alin. (11) din Legea cu privire la avocaii
parlamentari nr.1349 din 17.10.1997: n activita-
consultativ i angajaii CpDOM, n rapoarte-
tea sa de prevenire a torturii i a altor tratamen- le CPT n urma vizitelor n Republica Moldo-
te i pedepse crude, inumane sau degradante, va.140 n mare parte condiiile de detenie nu
avocatul parlamentar va prezenta autoritii sau au suferit modificri considerabile i consti-
persoanei cu funcie de rspundere corespunz- tuie temei pentru plngerile condamnailor.
toare recomandrile sale n vederea ameliorrii
comportamentului fa de persoanele private de Conform datelor oficiale, doar cu referi-
libertate, a condiiilor de detenie i a prevenirii re la condiiile de detenie constatate n Pe-
torturii. n cazul n care avocatul parlamentar nu nitenciarul Nr. 13 Chiinu drept fiind con-
este de acord cu msurile ntreprinse, el este n
drept s se adreseze unui organ ierarhic superior trare art. 3 din CEDO, Curtea European a
pentru luarea msurilor corespunztoare n vede- drepturilor Omului a pronunat 11 hotrri,
rea executrii recomandrilor cuprinse n avizul penaliznd statul cu 120600 Euro141.
su i/sau s informeze opinia public, inclusiv s
divulge numele persoanelor autorizate s acio- Cu toate acestea, Departamentul Insti-
neze n numele acelei autoriti. (2) Organul sau tuiilor Penitenciare caracterizeaz starea
persoana cu funcii de rspundere care a primit
avizul este obligat s-l examineze n termen de
o lun i s comunice avocatului parlamentar n
139
www.ombudsman.md
scris despre msurile luate. 140
http://www.cpt.coe.int/fr/visites.htm
138
Art. 29 din Legea cu privire la avocaii parlamen- 141
n cazul OSTROVAR contra Moldovei s-a acordat
tari: n baza analizei datelor privind nclcarea 4500 Euro; n anul 2007 n cazul URCAN contra
drepturilor i libertilor constituionale ale cet- Moldovei s-a acordat suma de 11 000 Euro; n
enilor i n baza rezultatelor examinrii cererilor, anul 2009 pe cazurile STRISTEANU I ALII con-
precum i n urma efecturii vizitelor preventive tra Moldovei, VALERIU I NICOLAE ROCA contra
n locurile unde se afl sau se pot afla persoane Moldovei au fost acordate 42 100 Euro; n anul
private de libertate, avocatul parlamentar este 2010 pe cazul I.D. contra Moldovei au fost acor-
n drept s remit autoritilor publice centrale date 15000 Euro; n anul 2011 n cazurile Lipen-
i locale obieciile i propunerile sale de ordin cov vs Moldova, Bisir i Tulu vs Moldova, Ipate vs
general referitoare la asigurarea drepturilor i li- Moldova, Haritonov vs Moldova au fost acordate
bertilor constituionale ale cetenilor, la mbu- 44900 Euro; iar n anul 2012 pe cazul Hadji contra
ntirea activitii aparatului administrativ. Moldovei au fost acordate 3100 Euro.
83
CAPITOLUL II
la acest capitol relativ satisfctoare dat ierarhizare ntre deinui, fapt ce l-a deter-
fiind creterea mijloacelor financiare alo- minat pe avocatul parlamentar s studieze
cate pentru implementarea msurilor Pla- mai aprofundat aceast problem.
nului de realizare a Concepiei reformrii Mai muli condamnai n petiiile expe-
sistemului penitenciar. Astfel, dac n anul
diate la CpDOM au semnalat cazuri de relaii

2009 resursele financiare alocate n acest neregulamentare ntre deinui, menionnd
sens au constituit 1,4% din necesar, n anii c au de suferit n special cei mai vulnerabili
urmtori acestea au sporit: n anul 2010 - dintre ei aa-numiii deinuii umilii. n
4,2% ; n anul 2011 - 9,9% i n anul 2012 timpul vizitelor preventive s-a constatat c
- 12,4%. faptele relatate corespund realitii.
Supraaglomerarea n Izolatoarele de Ur- Conform rezultatelor studiului iniiat de
mrire Penal rmne una dintre probleme- avocaii parlamentari n anul 2012 pe un
le majore. Asta pentru c nu snt asigurai eantion de 30% din penitenciare, plasa-
cei 4 m2 spaiu/persoan i 6 m3 de aer/per- rea deinutului n cast inferioar a peni-
soan, conform recomandrii de CPT (Pe- tenciarului se efectueaz nu neaprat prin
nitenciarul nr.11 Bli, Penitenciarul nr.13 aplicarea violenei sexuale. Motivele pentru
Chiinu, Penitenciarul nr.17 Rezina). care un deinut poate fi plasat n categoria
Cu adevrat ngrijortoare este starea respectiv pot fi i denunul, furtul de la alt
de lucruri la capitolul condiii de detenie n deinut, datoria n jocurile de noroc, neres-
Penitenciarul nr.13 Chiinu. Pe 16.04.2010 pectarea relaiilor marfar financiare143, dis-
fostul ministru francez de Justiie, Robert cuiile obsesive despre viaa sexual, injuriile
Badinter, n cadrul unei vizite n Penitenci- nentemeiate. Spre exemplu, un deinut care
arul nr.13 Chiinu, i-a cerut n mod public n cadrul discuiilor la telefon cu concubina
omologului su din Moldova s nchid sa aborda permanent subiecte de caracter
celulele disciplinare din acest penitenciar. sexual, a fost trecut n categoria umiliilor.
Ministrul moldovean al Justiiei a confir- Deinuii umilii au relatat c, de re-
mat faptul c invocatele condiii din peni- gul, nu snt abuzai fizic de ctre ali con-
tenciar corespunde perioadei medievale, damnai. Ei pot fi supui maltratrilor fizice
dar a precizat c problema privind situaia n cazul tinuirii statutului lor n subcul-
din locurile de detenie este una sistemi- tura criminal i n cazurile nclcrii aa-
c. Potrivit ministrului, problema n cauz numitelor reguli de comportament spe-
se afl n vizorul Comisiei guvernamentale cifice, cum ar fi salutul de min cu un alt
pentru planificare strategic i pe viitor vor condamnat.
fi ntreprinse msuri pentru nlturarea lor.
n cadrul vizitei la Penitenciarul nr.3
Mai mult dect att, n vederea respectrii
Leova a fost stabilit c deinuii snt repar-
normelor privind condiiile de detenie ale
tizai n blocuri de detenie dup criterii
condamnailor i a persoanelor aflate sub
speciale, altele dect vrst, pericolul social
urmrire penal, au fost nchise temporar
al infraciunii comise sau starea sntii.
celulele izolatorului disciplinar din cadrul
Unul dintre aceste criterii este separarea
Penitenciarului nr.13 Chiinu142. Cu toa-
deinuilor umiliii de restul deinuilor. La
te acestea, penitenciarul vizat rmne s
momentul vizitei, din numrul total de 360
funcioneze i nu exist nicio premis de a
de condamnai aflai n penitenciar, n cas-
crede c n timpul apropiat activitatea lui
ta umiliilor se aflau 70 de persoane, care
va fi totui sistat.
erau plasate n blocuri locative speciale sau
n marea majoritate a penitenciarelor n camere separate, situate pn la intrarea
spaiile locative pentru deinui snt cu o n dormitoarele comune.
capacitate de cte 20 30 paturi. Aflarea
Vizita n penitenciar a fost ntreprins
mai multor condamnai ntr-un spaiu co-
n perioada preparrii i servirii prnzului.
mun creeaz premise pentru relaiile de
143
Plata datoriilor n marf (igri, zahr, cartele SIM,
142
Raportul CpDOM pentru 2011 telefoane mobile).
84
CAPITOLUL II
n timpul examinrii cantinei s-a constatat rea aa-numiilor deinui umilii, pentru a
c mncarea se prepara n cazane diverse putea menine disciplina n penitenciare,
dup volum, din diferite produse alimenta- fr a depune efort suplimentar pentru era-
re, n trei ncperi ale cantinei. Condamnaii dicarea fenomenului subculturii criminale.
au explicat c hran este diferit dup cali- Acest criteriu de separare cu certitudine

tate i coninut caloric, este mprit con- lezeaz demnitatea uman i poart un ca-
damnailor dup criterii speciale, n funcie racter discriminatoriu144 i risc s agrave-
de statutul condamnatului, dar nu conform ze suferinele inerente ale deinuilor, fapt
unor prescripii medicale. Spre exemplu, atenionat n p.57 din Ansamblul de Reguli
doar o categorie special de deinui be- minime pentru tratamentul deinuilor i
neficiaz de produse din carne, pete, recomandrile referitoare la acesta145.
ou, lactate. n bucatele pentru deinuii n acelai context este de menionat c
umilii lipseau legumele i produsele din doi condamnai au afirmat c n perioada
carne. Mai mult dect att, deinuii umilii ispirii pedepsei ar fi fost supui prin con-
luau masa ultimii, doar dup ce au mncat strngere de ctre ali condamnai, cu acor-
ceilali condamnai. dul tacit al administraiei penitenciarelor, s
Condamnaii umilii nu au acces n execute pli lunare n folosul autoritilor
ncperea cu duuri de rnd cu ceilali con- criminale din penitenciar, s execute diferi-
damnaii i au posibilitate s fac du doar te lucrri de menaj, s joace jocuri de noroc.
cu acordul angajailor penitenciarului. Ei nu La demersul avocatului parlamentar, pe 6
snt ncadrai n cmpul muncii, nu au acces decembrie 2012, Procuratura General a
la sala pentru sport sau terenul pentru volei pornit o cauz penal pe indicii infraciunii
- fotbal, le snt interzise plimbrile pe terito- prevzute de prevederile art.284 alin.(1)
riul penitenciarului, nu li se acord posibili- Cod penal (Crearea sau conducerea unei
tatea de a face studii. organizaii criminale).
La aceast categorie de persoane nu Curtea European a Drepturilor Omu-
ajung nici coletele i pachetele transmise lui condamn tolerana oficial146. Aceas-
de rude. efii de secii decid discreionar ta presupune c anumite aciuni n mod
asupra repartizrii lor. evident ilegale, despre care se tie, snt
Aceast categorie de deinui este total- tolerate de oficialii ierarhic superiori, ei nu
mente izolat, inclusiv nu pot comunica cu ntreprind nimic pentru a preveni repeta-
ceilali deinui. rea lor; fie autoritatea ierarhic superioar
nu reacioneaz la numeroasele plngeri
n timpul vizitei n Penitenciarul nr.5 din
adresate pentru constatarea adevrului
Cahul acolo erau deinute 13 persoane din
sau neadevrului acestor plngeri; sau n
categoria celor umilii. Deinuii erau pla-
instanele judectoreti reclamanilor li se
sai n trei celule separate, pentru a evita
refuz un proces echitabil. Astfel, concep-
eventualele probleme cu restul condamna-
ilor. n acest penitenciar nu a fost atestat
niciun caz de violen sexual asupra lor. 144
Art.205 alin.(3) din Codul de Executare Deine-
La finele discuiilor individuale, unul dintre rea separat a condamnailor n penitenciar nu
trebuie s aib caracter discriminatoriu sau s
deinui a generalizat printr-o fraz condii-
lezeze demnitatea uman.
ile sale de detenie n penitenciar: Dac ii 145
Ansamblul de Reguli minime pentru tratamentul
minte din ce categorie de deinui faci parte i deinuilor i recomandrile referitoare la acesta,
respeci unele reguli elementare, atunci viaa Rezoluie adoptat la 30 august 1955 la Primul
ta n penitenciar nu se va deosebi cu nimic de Congres al Naiunilor Unite.
viaa celorlali deinui. 146
Cazul grecesc. Comisia European a Drepturi-
O situaie similar s-a atestat i n Peni- lor Omului. n Raportul din 5 noiembrie 1969,
Anuarul 12. Aisling Reidy. Interzicerea torturii.
tenciarul nr.1 din Taraclia.
Ghid privind punerea n aplicare a articolului 3 al
n opinia avocatului parlamentar, admi- Conveniei europene pentru Drepturile Omului.
nistraia penitenciarelor recurge la separa- www.coehelp.org/file.../art_3_romanian.pdf
85
CAPITOLUL II
tul de toleran oficial reflect ceva mai discreditare - 4 angajai (11 persoane n
mult dect aprobarea oficial a unei prac- 2010 i 10 persoane n 2011).
tici anumite. Acest concept mai degrab Merit apreciere aciunile DIP ndrepta-
include atitudinea autoritilor fa de te spre propagarea atitudinii zero toleran
practic existent sau probele ce confir-
fa de tortur i instruirea angajailor sis-

m existena unei atare practici. n aceast temului penitenciar n ceea ce privete res-
privin, reacia oficial se limiteaz doar la pectarea drepturilor omului n activitatea
aciunii ntreprinse de autoriti pentru nelor. Astfel, urmare a colaborrii dintre DIP i
admiterea repetrii unor asemenea acte. n Centrul pentru Drepturile Omului, n 2012 a
opinia avocatului parlamentar, inaciunile fost realizat instruirea efectivului, cu parti-
statului n ceea ce ine de ntreprinderea ciparea reprezentanilor Centrului n calita-
unor msuri eficiente pentru lichidarea te de experi. Aceast practic urmeaz a fi
fenomenului de subcultur criminal i extins i n anul 2013 n baza unui plan de
a efectelor ei ar putea fi calificate drept instruire elaborat.
toleran oficial.
Totodat, la edina Consiliului consul-
tativ al DIP din 21.09.2012 a fost elaborat i
Aspecte ce in de prevenirea torturii aprobat Planul de aciuni privind combate-
rea torturii i relelor tratamente n sistemul
n anul 2012 n adresa Departamentului penitenciar, ce cuprinde msuri organiza-
Instituiilor Penitenciare (DIP) au parvenit torice, menite s soluioneze dificultile
16 plngeri privind aplicarea nejustificat a ntlnite n acest domeniu. A fost asigurat
mijloacelor speciale, nclcarea regulilor de funcionarea telefonului de ncredere pen-
efectuare a percheziiilor i aplicarea forei tru semnalarea cazurilor de tortur, pedep-
fizice n timpul escortrii deinuilor i 15 se sau tratamente inumane ori degradante,
plngeri referitor la unele pretinse acte de care este instalat n unitatea de gard a DIP.
tortur i rele tratamente din partea anga- Conform nscrierilor din registrul de evi-
jailor sistemului penitenciar, (pentru com- den al apelurilor la telefonul de ncredere,
paraie n 2010 - 3 plngeri, n 2011- 10 pln- n anul 2012 au fost nregistrate 21 apeluri
geri). Cu toate acestea, pe parcursul anului telefonice, dintre care doar n 2 au fost in-
nu a fost iniiat nicio anchet de serviciu n vocate rele tratamente (un caz nu s-a ade-
baza informaiilor de aplicare nejustificat a verit, iar cel de-al doilea este n proces de
mijloacelor speciale, nclcarea regulilor de examinare).
efectuare a percheziiilor, aplicarea forei fi- Serviciile abilitate din penitenciare
zice n timpul escortrii etc. desfoar permanent aciuni cu caracter
n aceeai perioad, n privina angajai- operativ de investigaie, educativ-profilac-
lor din sistemul penitenciar au fost pornite tic, orientate spre profilaxia i contracararea
13 dosare penale pentru exces sau abuz de tuturor formelor de intimidare precum i
putere i 7 pentru tortur. Pe o cauz dintre asigurarea egalitii de drepturi n mediul
cele 7 un angajat al DIP a fost condamnat deinuilor. n acest sens au fost ntreprinse
la un an de nchisoare, conform art.79 Cod msuri pentru a identifica i izola liderii in-
penal, cu executarea pedepsei n penitenci- terlopi de deinui, pentru dezmembrarea
ar de tip nchis, cu privarea de dreptul de a gruprilor interlope i diminuarea autorit-
ocupa funcii de rspundere n organele de ii lor. De asemenea n toate penitenciarele,
drept pe un termen de 3 ani. n urma nche- cu excepia Penitenciarului nr.8 din Bender,
ierii a 9 proceduri disciplinare, 9 angajai au Penitenciarului nr.12 din Bender, au fost in-
fost sancionai disciplinar pentru abateri stalate sisteme de supraveghere video. Pe
disciplinare ce deriv din rapoartele cu con- parcursul anului n penitenciare au fost ac-
damnaii. Au fost concediai din sistemul tualizate panourile informative Informaia
penitenciar pentru nclcarea disciplinei 13 legislativ, care cuprinde reglementri din
angajai (pentru comparaie 20 persoane Codul de executare, Statutul executrii pe-
n 2010 i 13 persoane - n 2011), pentru depsei de ctre condamnai, Codul penal i
86
CAPITOLUL II
informaii instituiile naionale n domeniul s permit s se rspund solicitrilor de con-
proteciei drepturilor omului. Concomitent, sultare fr nicio ntrziere. Acestea trebuie s
n contextul neadmiterii fenomenului tortu- ofere tratament medical i ngrijire medical,
rii, a devenit prioritar colaborarea cu mass- regim alimentar, fizioterapie sau alte regimuri
media. n acest sens, din rndul angajailor de care este nevoie n condiii comparabile cu

instituiilor penitenciare au fost desemnai cele ale pacienilor aflai n libertate. Serviciile
purttori de cvnt, care au fost instruii de medicale din penitenciare trebuie s acorde o
experii n domeniul comunicrii. atenie special nevoilor anumitor categorii
Un indice implicit pentru ameliorarea specifice de deinui vulnerabili: mamelor i
situaiei n domeniu este diminuarea con- copiilor, adolescenilor, personalitilor pato-
siderabil a plngerilor condamnailor pri- logice, celor care sufer de boli grave.
vind aplicarea forei fizice i a mijloacelor ncarcerarea continu a celor care pre-
speciale, a numrului de automutilri i zint un simptom fatal n scurt timp, care
leziuni corporale cauzate de colaboratorii sufer de o boal grav ce nu poate fi tratat
sistemului penitenciar. n timpul vizitelor adecvat n nchisoare, care sufer de un han-
preventive i de monitorizare n peniten- dicap sever sau de btrnee avansat poate
ciarele republicii, efectuate n anul 2012, crea o situaie intolerabil. Unii deinui pot
deinuii s-au plns, de regul, de condiiile avea anumite necesiti speciale, iar nesa-
de detenie, calitatea i oportunitatea tisfacerea acestora va genera un tratament
asistenei medicale, calitatea i cantitatea degradant.
produselor alimentare, asigurarea msuri- CEDO nu include nicio dispoziie spe-
lor de protecie social. cific privind situaia persoanelor private
de libertate, a fortiori bolnave, dar nu este
Asistena medical exclus ca detenia unei persoane bolnave
s poat pune probleme din perspecti-
Serviciile de ngrijire a sntii pentru va art. 3 din Convenie (Mouisel mpotriva
persoanele private de libertate reprezint Franei)147. n cazul n care nu se poate de-
un subiect de interes deosebit pentru CPT duce o obligaie general de a elibera un
ca urmare a mandatului acestuia. O ngrijire deinut din motive de sntate, art. 3 din
medical inadecvat poate conduce rapid la Convenie impune statului obligaia s
situaii apropiate cazurilor de aplicare a trata- protejeze integritatea fizic a persoanelor
mentele inumane sau degradante. Serviciul private de libertate, n special prin asigu-
de ngrijire medical ntr-o anumit instituie rarea ngrijirilor medicale necesare (Rivire
poate juca un rol important n combaterea re- mpotriva Franei)148.
lelor tratamente. Mai mult, el este plasat astfel CtEDO a afirmat dreptul oricrui con-
nct s aib un impact pozitiv asupra calitii damnat de a beneficia de condiii de de-
vieii n instituia n al crei cadru funcionea- tenie conforme cu respectarea demnitii
z. Un principiu general bazat pe drepturile umane astfel nct s se asigure c moda-
fundamentale ale omului, deja recunoscut n litile de executare a msurilor luate nu
majoritatea rilor este asigurarea unui nivel supun persoana n cauz unei suferine
de ngrijire medical pentru deinui similar sau unei ncercri de o intensitate care s
celui pentru persoanele care triesc n liberta- depeasc nivelul inevitabil de suferin
te: accesul la un medic; acordarea de ngrijiri inerent deteniei; aceasta a adugat c, n
medicale; consimmntul pacientului i con- afar de sntatea prizonierului, trebuie
fidenialitatea; ngrijirea medical preventiv; asigurat i confortul acestuia n mod cores-
asistena umanitar; independena profesio-
nal; competena profesional. 147
Mouisel c. Franei, cererea nr. 67263/01, hot. CtE-
DO din 14.11.2002. [On-line]: http://cmiskp.echr.
Astfel, n timpul custodiei deinuii trebuie coe.int. (Vizitat la: 03.03.2012).
s aib oricnd acces la medic, indiferent de 148
Rivire c. Franei, cererea nr. 33834/03, hot. CtE-
regimul de detenie la care snt supui. Orga- DO din 11 iulie 2006. [On-line]: http://cmiskp.
nizarea serviciilor de ngrijire medical trebuie echr.coe.int. (Vizitat la: 03.03.2012).
87
CAPITOLUL II
punztor avnd n vedere cerinele practice maladii cu consecine ireversibile pentru s-

de detenie. ntate, care nu-i permiteau s se ngrijeasc
Nu exist obligaia statului de a elibera i s se deplaseze fr ajutor. El era ngrijit de
imediat o persoan din detenie din cauza un alt deinut, care i-a asumat aceste obligaii
de sine stttor, avnd bunul sim i convinge-
strii sntii sale constat Curtea n ca-

uza arban contra Moldovei149 cu referire rile sale religioase. Acesta era chemat n caz
la cauza Hurtado contra Elveiei150. Dar, tot de necesitate de cte 8-10 ori, timp de 24 ore.
n aceast spe Curtea a accentuat faptul Conform constatrilor avocatului parlamen-
c, plasnd n detenie o persoan bolna- tar, unitatea medical a penitenciarului nu dis-
v, statului i se nate obligaia de a proteja pune de ncperi adaptate pentru plasarea a
starea de sntate a deinutului aceeai astfel de bolnavi cum este acest deinut.
manifestare a obligaiei generale de a asi- Redacia alin. (2) al art. 95 din Codul penal,
gura condiii corespunztoare de detenie. n vigoare la momentul vizitei n penitenciar,
Astfel, neacordarea de ngrijiri medicale co- favoriza, n opinia avocatului parlamentar, in-
respunztoare i, n general, detenia unei terpretri ambigui i subiective, care duceau
persoane bolnave n condiii inadecvate pot la aplicarea ntr-un mod discriminator i pri-
reprezenta, n principiu, un tratament con- vilegiat a normei n cauz fa de persoane
trar art. 3 (Vincent contra Franei, Gennadi practic n aceeai situaie. Astfel, eliberarea
Naoumenko contra Ucrainei, Farbtuhs contra de la executarea pedepsei n temeiul nor-
Letoniei, Paladi contra Moldovei, Holomiov mei sus-indicate se aplica doar persoanelor
contra Moldovei). n cazul Holomiov contra care au contractat o boal grav (stabilit de
Moldovei151 reclamantul a declarat c n pe- clasificatorul bolilor, aprobat de Ordinul Mi-
nitenciar i n spitalul acestuia nu erau me- nistrului Justiiei nr. 331 din 06.09.2006) doar
dici urologi, cardiologi i neurologi. Starea dup svrirea infraciunii sau n timpul execu-
sntii sale era destul de grav pentru a fi trii pedepsei. n consecin, nu era posibil
compatibil cu detenia sa prelungit. Cur- aplicarea prevederilor menionate fa de o
tea a reiterat c, dei art. 3 al Conveniei nu alt categorie de condamnai cei care au
poate fi interpretat ca o obligaie general contractat boala pn la svrirea infraciunii,
de a elibera deinuii pe motive de sntate, pn la svrirea infraciunii au contractat o
el totui impune statul de a proteja integri- alt boal mai puin grav, care, la acea etap,
tatea fizic a persoanelor lipsite de libertate, nu cdea sub incidena legii, ns, pe parcursul
de exemplu prin a le acorda asistena medi- executrii pedepsei, aceasta, agravndu-se, se
cal necesar (arban contra Moldovei). include n categoria bolilor grave care mpie-
n contextul celor expuse este de dic executarea pedepsei.
menionat c n timpul vizitelor preventive au Cu sprijinul necondiionat al DIP, avocatul
fost depistate cazuri care au scos n eviden parlamentar a promovat modificri n art. 95
anumite carene legislative. Astfel, deinutul din Codul penal, intrate n vigoare la 9 decem-
M.C., condamnat la 16 ani de nchisoare de tip brie 2012. Modificrile i completrile operate
nchis, invalid de gardul I, suferea de anumite vor contribui, prin eliberarea de la executarea
pedepsei penale, la neadmiterea deinerii per-
149
arban c. Moldovei, cererea nr. 3456/05, hot. soanelor grav bolnave n condiii inadecvate
CtEDO din 04.10.2005, Hotrrile i deciziile
Curii Europene a Drepturilor Omului n cauzele
strii lor, i, implicit, la neadmiterea nclcrii
moldoveneti, vol. III. Chiinu: Cartier, 2007, p. art. 3 al Conveniei n raport cu aceste persoa-
141. ne. Potrivit prevederilor art. 230 din Codul
150
Hurtado c. Elveiei, cererea nr. 17549/90, hot. de executare, dreptul la asisten medical
CtEDO din 28.01.1994. [On-line]: http://www.hu- al persoanelor condamnate este garantat,
manrights.is. (Vizitat la: 03.03.2012). asistena medical n penitenciare se acor-
151
Holomiov c. Moldovei, cererea nr. 30649/05, d ori de cte ori este necesar sau la cerere
hot. CtEDO din 97.11.2006, Hotrrile i deciziile de ctre un personal calificat, n mod gratu-
Curii Europene a Drepturilor Omului n cauzele it, potrivit legii, iar condamnaii beneficiaz
moldoveneti, vol. IV. Chiinu: Cartier, 2007, p.
223.
n mod gratuit de tratament medical i de
88
CAPITOLUL II
medicamente. Orice penitenciar trebuie s Din an n an rmne alarmant situaia
aib la dispoziie cel puin un medic ge- privind asigurarea sistemului penitenciar cu
neralist, un medic stomatolog i un medic cadre medicale. n prezent, asistena medi-
psihiatru. n penitenciarul cu capacitatea cal este acordat de ctre personal medical
de cel puin 100 de locuri trebuie s funci- ncadrat n 236,25 +de funcii. Totui pentru

oneze, n regim permanent, un centru cura- buna funcionare a serviciilor de asisten
tiv staionar pentru acordarea de asisten medical din penitenciare este necesar an-
medical fiecrui condamnat. gajarea personalului medical n aproximativ
270 de funcii, dup cum urmeaz:
Necesar conform
Instituia penitenciar Ocupate
statelor
Direcia medical DIP 8 6
Penitenciarul nr.1Taraclia 7 3
Penitenciarul nr.2 Lipcani 6,5 5
Penitenciarul nr.3 Leova 6,5 5
Penitenciarul nr.4 Cricova 11 9
Penitenciarul nr.6Soroca 8 6
Penitenciarul nr.7 Rusca 10,5 9
Penitenciarul nr.8 Bender 8 8
Penitenciarul nr.9 Pruncul 7,5 6,5
Penitenciarul nr.10 Goian 6,5 4,5
Penitenciarul nr.11 Bli 6 2
Penitenciarul nr.12 Bender 9 7
Penitenciarul nr.13 Chiinu 7,75 7,25
Penitenciarul nr.15 Cricova 27,5 24
Penitenciarul nr.16 Pruncul 8,5 6,5
Penitenciarul nr.17 Rezina 110 99,5
Penitenciarul nr.18 Brneti 23 20,5
n Total: 278,75 236,25
DIP achiziioneaz medicamente i ar- siderabil comparativ cu anul 2011 (2 077

ticole parafarmaceutice pentru peniten- 609,08 lei, inclusiv 1 586473,44 lei din sur-
ciare de la Agenia Medicamentului, care, sele bugetare i 491 135,64 lei din surse ex-
conform Hotrrii Guvernului nr.568 din trabugetare). n pofida micorrii resurselor
10.09.2009, organizeaz i desfoar la financiare pentru procurarea medicamen-
nivel naional achiziiile publice centrali- telor i utilajului medical, DIP raporteaz
zate. eful serviciului medical i persoana despre o situaie favorabil la capitolul re-
responsabil nemijlocit de pstrarea i dis- spectiv. n acelai timp, condamnaii con-
tribuirea articolelor menionate recepio- tinu s invoce lipsa medicamentelor, re-
neaz medicamentele i produsele parafar- partizarea unuia i aceluiai medicament
maceutice livrate n penitenciare. pentru tratarea diferitor boli/maladii (anal-
Pe parcursul anului 2012, DIP a procurat gina, no-spa, valeriana).
medicamente i articole parafarmaceutice n tabelele de mai jos este reflecta-
n sum de 1 506 498,27 lei (1 120 882,35 t situaia comparativ privind struc-
lei din sursele bugetare i 385 615,92 lei din tura morbiditii i mortalitii printre
surse extrabugetare), care a sczut con- deinui.
89
CAPITOLUL II
Structura morbiditii printre deinui
Indici 2010 2011 2012

Bolile sistemului digestiv 1464 3658 4410
Tulburri mintale i comportamentale 2561 2411 2486
Bolile sistemului respirator 3210 2011 2362
Traume si intoxicaii 1805 1365 1260
Boli infecioase si parazitare 1152 1177 1651
Bolile sistemului cardiovascular 824 743 784
Bolile sistemului nervos 322 335 359
Tuberculoza 164 133 162
*inclusiv la intrare in sistem 42(25,4%) 31(23%) 56(34,5%)

N TOTAL: 12948 14360 14499
Structura mortalitii printre deinui
Maladia 2010 2011 2012

Tuberculoza 10 10 3
HIV / TB 3 11 4
SIDA propriu zis (fr TB) 0 1 2
Cancer 7 5 0
Bolile sistemului nervos 1 0 0
Bolile sistemului cardiovascular 15 13 6
Bolile sistemului respirator (fr TB) 1 0 1
Bolile sistemului digestiv 1 0 6
Leziuni traumatice, intoxicaii,
1 2 4
septicemii
Suicid 5 7 5
N TOTAL 44 49 31
Dei n anul 2012 mortalitatea printre Cu referire la numrul deinuilor din

deinui a sczut considerabil, s-a nregistrat sistemul penitenciar care se afl la eviden
o tendin de cretere a morbiditii prin cu TBC, (cazuri noi, recidive), inclusiv cu TBC
tuberculoz, bolile sistemului respirator, MDR (multidrogrezistent), la numrul dei-
bolile infecioase i parazitare, bolile siste- nuilor care au fost depistai cu TBC n peni-
mului digestiv. n opinia avocatului parla- tenciare n perioada anilor 2006 - 2012, dar
mentar, aceste date snt un motiv de ngri- i la numrul deinuilor care au urmat tra-
jorare, n special pentru DIP i administraia tamentul de TBC conform strategiei DOTS i
instituiilor penitenciare. DOTS+, se atest urmtoarea situaie:
90
CAPITOLUL II
Categorii 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Caz nou microscopic pozitiv 106 71 38 38 33 14 30
Caz nou microscopic negativ 195 153 110 76 77 51 87

Caz nou extrapulmonar 13 6 3 5 5 7 0
Caz nou extrarespirator 0 3 2 1 3 1 0
Recidiv microscopic pozitiv 82 82 44 38 19 21 13
Recidiv microscopic negativ 99 91 48 36 26 35 32
Recidiv extrapulmonar 0 1 0 0 1 1 0
Incidena global 495 406 245 192 164 133 162
Conform Planului de aciuni pentru im- tortur, pentru a elimina contradiciile n

plementarea Strategiei de reform a sec- ceea ce privete calificarea aciunilor drept
torului justiiei152, n anul 2012 urma s fie acte de tortur i pentru nsprirea pedep-
elaborat proiectul de modificare a cadrului selor pentru actele de tortur n corelare cu
normativ pentru asigurarea independen- gravitatea acestora.
ei profesionale a lucrtorilor medicali din Nedefinitivarea proiectelor de modi-
locurile de detenie, prin transferul lor n ficare a actelor normative ce in de asigu-
subordinea Ministerului Sntii. Aceste rarea independenei organizaionale i
modificri urmau s intervin pentru a con- instituionale a lucrtorilor medicali din
feri valoare probatorie examenului medical instituiile de detenie este una dintre prin-
independent n cazurile de pretinse acte de cipalele deficiene la implementarea pilo-
nului VI din Strategie Respectarea drep-
Aprobat prin Hotrrea Parlamentului nr. 6 din
152
turilor omului n sectorul justiiei.
16.02.2012
Recomandri
analiza necesitilor financiare ale instituiilor penitenciare pentru a spori gra-
dual resursele financiare alocate acestor instituii;
asigurarea unui control eficient al respectrii normelor sanitaro-igienice
n penitenciare, inclusiv asupra strii vestimentaiei i a lenjeriei de pat a
condamnailor;
instruirea lucrtorilor instituiilor ce asigur detenia persoanelor n domeniul
prevenirii i combaterii torturii i a relelor tratamente;
sistarea activitii Penitenciarului 13 din mun. Chiinu.
Starea legalitii i disciplinei militare n Forele Armate
ntru realizarea sarcinilor MNPT i pre- Trupelor de Carabinieri, 12 vizite n unitile

venirea relaiilor nestatutare ntre militari, militare ale Armatei Naionale i 4 vizite n
n anul 2012 au fost efectuate 27 vizite n Serviciul Grniceri.
cadrul Forelor Armate, dintre care 11 vizi- Comparativ cu anii precedeni, nu au
te n unitile militare ale Departamentului fost nregistrate dificulti majore n par-
91
CAPITOLUL II
tea ce ine de accesul n aceste instituii, cu toare, n cantine, n slile de baie), care nu
excepia pichetului de grniceri Vulcaneti dispare n pofida reparaiilor cosmetice
(actualmente poliia de frontier). efectuate periodic. n unitatea militar
n timpul discuiilor cu comandanii 1045 a DTC este exploatat doar o parte din
cldire dat fiind c cealalt nu corespunde
unitilor, acetia au evideniat deficienele

procesului de ncorporare a militarilor, n condiiilor necesare de trai. Baia i canti-
special, inactivitatea sau activitatea nesatis- na snt ntr-o stare deplorabil i necesit
fctoare a comisiilor medico-militare i de reparaie capital.
recrutare-ncorporare a cetenilor. Astfel, n partea ce ine de cantitatea, calita-
pe parcursul satisfacerii serviciului militar, tea hranei sau lipsa unor produse alimen-
muli militarii n termen snt diagnosticai tare, plngeri din partea militarilor nu au
cu maladii psihice sau cu alte maladii grave parvenit. n timpul vizitelor s-a constatat
ce nu permit satisfacerea serviciului militar. c n unele uniti n blocurile alimentare
Spre exemplu, la data de 26 aprilie 2012 n (cantina, secia de preparare a hranei, sec-
armata naional a fost ncorporat militarul ia de splare a veselei) pe perei i pe pod
X. care peste 4 zile a avut un conflict cu alt persist igrasia, se simte umeditate nalt
recrut i a devenit deprimat (a refuzat s se i un miros neplcut. n seciile de splare
alimenteze, s execute ordinile superiorilor, a veselei podeaua i pereii pe alocuri snt
s-a izolat de cei din jur), fr a manifesta deteriorai, robinetele, evile de scurgere a
agresivitate. Militarul a fost internat n Spi- apei, lavoarele pentru splarea veselei snt
talul Clinic Militar Central i, ulterior, n IMSP ruginite. n seciile de prelucrare a produ-
Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie. n urma efectu- selor alimentare pereii la fel snt umezi, iar
rii expertizei de constatare a strii psihice evile care trec prin aceste secii - ruginite.
a fost recunoscut inapt pentru satisfacerea Conform Regulamentului privind asi-
serviciului militar. gurarea alimentar a Armatei Naionale
Pe parcursul tuturor vizitelor au fost pe timp de pace, aprobat prin Ordinul mi-
purtate discuii individuale cu militarii n nistrului Aprrii nr.150 din 1 iulie 2003,
termen, implicai n serviciul de zi, serviciul fiecare cantin a unitii militare trebuie
n cantin, serviciul paz, serviciul patrul. s dispun de toate ncperile necesare de
Nimeni dintre ei nu a reclamat aplicarea producere, gospodrie i tehnic, sal pen-
torturii, discriminarea sau comportament tru primirea hranei, utilaj tehnologic, frigo-
neadecvat din partea comandanilor, peda- rifer i alt inventar, care asigur condiiile
gogilor, ofierilor i sergenilor. normale pentru pregtirea hranei i primi-
rea ei de ctre efectiv. n unitatea militar
Condiiile de cazare 1045 starea de fapt constatat contravine
prevederii citate. Avocatul parlamentar,
n calitate de MNPT, a naintat un aviz cu
De regul, n toate unitile militare
recomandri de reparare a cldiri pentru
dormitoarele snt spaioase i curate, bine
extinderea spaiului locativ destinat mili-
aerisite, geamurile snt suficient de mari
tarilor n termen i efectuarea lucrrilor de
pentru a permite ptrunderea luminii natu-
reparaie n baie i osptrie.
rale. Dormitoarele snt amenajate cu paturi
separate, dotate suficient cu lenjerie, p- Au fost depistate carene i n unitatea
turi, perne, tergare (pentru fa i pentru militar 1003 a DTC, n care personalul can-
picioare), ciupici pentru baie. Fiecare militar tinei nu respect normele sanitare de sp-
are la dispoziie cte un taburet pentru fie- lare a veselei. Nu snt respectate condiiile
care militar i o noptier pentru pstrarea de pstrare a produselor alimentare uor
lucrurilor personale. alterabile i regimul de temperatur la ps-
trarea crnii congelate din considerente c
Totui n timpul vizitelor au fost depista-
camera frigorific funcioneaz n regimul
te i carene la acest capitol. Astfel, n unele
de temperatur de 10o C.
uniti militare persist igrasia (n dormi-
92
CAPITOLUL II
Blocurile sanitare din aceeai unitate militarii pot s practice un cult religios154. O
militar snt n stare deplorabil, persist caren depistat este insuficiena crilor,
mirosul neplcut i antisanitaria, lipsesc n special a literaturii artistice scrise n lim-
soluii dezinfectante pentru splarea mini- ba de stat. Majoritatea crilor snt n limba
lor, instalaiile sanitare snt amplasate ast- rus sau snt tiprite n romn cu grafie

fel, nct nu asigur intimitatea oamenilor n chirilic. Militarii snt mulumii de ceea ce
timpul satisfacerii necesitilor fiziologice. li se pune la dispoziie i nu au naintat pln-
Blocul sanitar necesit reparaie capital. geri la acest capitol.
n baie au fost atestate aceleai nereguli. Zilnic i conform orarului, comandan-
Situaia existent n aceast unitate militar ii plutoanelor i comandanii de compa-
poate fi apreciat nesatisfctoare. nie in prelegeri la pregtirea sociostatal
Conform art.26 lit. j) din Legea cu pri- i pregtirea juridic. Pentru identificarea
vire la statutul militarilor nr.162-XVI din problemelor cu care se confrunt militarii
22.07.2005, este indicat c militarii trebuie n termen, sistematic se organizeaz lucru
s aib grij de sntatea lor, s respecte educativ individual i n grup.
regulile igienei personale i sociale i s nu-
i permit deprinderi duntoare. Conform Asistena medical
standardelor impuse de Ministerul Aprrii,
n lavoare se instaleaz 2-3 cabine cu du
Potrivit art.15 din Legea cu privire la
pentru mbierea efectivului. Robinetele
statutul militarilor nr.162 din 22.07.2005,
pentru splare i cabinele pentru du se
militarii beneficiaz de dreptul la asisten
conecteaz la reeaua de ap rece i ap
medical i la tratament (ambulatoriu i sta-
fierbinte. n lipsa comunicaiilor respective
ionar) gratuit, acordate din contul statului
se instaleaz 2-3 nclzitoare de ap elec-
n subunitile, unitile i instituiile me-
trice153. n unele uniti nu exist cabine de
dico-militare. Pentru a realiza aceast pre-
du unde militarii ar putea s i menin zil-
vedere legal, unitile militare dispun de
nic igiena personal. n aceste situaii milita-
puncte medicale n care activeaz medici
rii se spal cu ap rece de asupra lavoarelor.
i asistente medicale. Medicii snt respon-
Din discuiile cu conducerea Ministe- sabili pentru acordarea asistenei medicale
rului Aprrii despre condiiile descrise militarilor ori de cte ori este necesar i pen-
rezult c pentru nlturarea carenelor tru calitatea alimentrii acestora.
depistate snt necesare resurse financia-
n caz de mbolnvire, militarii snt
re suplimentare pentru reparaia capital
tratai ambulator sau transferai n puncte-
a ncperilor aflate n stare deplorabil.
le medicale pentru tratament prin dispen-
Reparaiile cosmetice care se fac anual nu
sarizare. n cazul unor complicaii, maladii
schimb semnificativ situaia.
grave sau intervenii chirurgicale, militarii
ntru asigurarea accesului militarilor n din DTC snt plasai n Spitalul Ministerului
termen la informaie, n fiecare unitate mi- Afacerilor Interne, iar militarii din Armata
litar este plasat cte unul sau mai multe Naional n spitalul Clinic Militar al Minis-
televizoare, la care pot fi vizionate conform terului Aprrii sau n Centrul consultativ
programului zilei pe unitate emisiuni TV. diagnostic. Unele uniti dispun de saloane
Fiecare companie dispune de sal de odih- pentru acordarea primului ajutor medical,
n unde militarii pot s-i petreac timpul ncperi pentru pansamente, chirurugie
liber, unele dintre ele snt asigurate cu lite- septic i asistena stomotologic.
ratur juridic, artistic, ziare. Unele compa-
nii dispun de odi special amenajate unde 154
Art.11 aln.1 din Legea nr. 162-XVI din 22.07.2005,
cu privire la statutul militarilor prevede c Milita-
rii au dreptul, n afara timpului de ndeplinire a
153
ndrumarul plutonierului pe companie aprobat obligaiilor serviciului militar, s practice un cult
prin directiva efului Marelui Stat Major al Arma- religios recunoscut de stat i s participe la ritu-
tei Naionale nr. D-1. aluri religioase.
93
CAPITOLUL II
Calitatea asistenei medicale este adec- n ceea ce privete relaiile neregula-

vat. Slile de proceduri i izolatoarele medi- mentare, s-a stabilit c 2,4% dintre militari
cale snt, de regul, curate, aerisite corect i intervievai au fost maltratai fizic pe parcur-
dezinfectate. ns n unele uniti monitoriza- sul serviciului. Chiar dac psihologii susin
te condiiile n care se acord asistena me- c este un procent nesemnificativ, acest lu-
dical snt nesatisfctoare persist igrasia, cru urmeaz a fi analizat minuios de ctre
ventilarea insuficient, temperatura joas, conducerea Armatei Naionale.
umezeala din cauza acoperuului deteriorat. De regul, relaiile neregulamentare
Comandanii unitilor motiveaz acest sta- nregistrate nu depind de mediul n care
re de lucruri prin lipsa de resurse financiare. se afl militarii, ci de personalitatea lor, de
Cu toate acestea, militarii nu s-au plns modul n care se manifest n situaii difici-
pe calitatea i condiiile n care li se acord le, specifice mediului cazon, care este unul
asistena medical. mai riguros. Anume din acest considerent
Prin Ordinul Ministrului Aprrii nr.464 n Armata Naional a fost creat serviciul
din 10 decembrie 2012, a fost creat o Co- psihologic, care va permite psihologilor s
misie pentru studierea fenomenului de n- lucreze cu fiecare militar individual, n spe-
clcare a regulilor statutare dintre militari n cial n situaii n care persoana prezint stri
cadrul Armatei Naionale (care a activat pn stresante, are reacii spontane sau neprev-
la 31 ianuarie 2013). Din componena ei au zute n colectiv.
fcut parte reprezentani ai mediului acade- n concluzie este de menionat c n
mic, asociaiilor obteti, psihologi, juriti. Cu cadrul vizitelor efectuate n anul 2012 n
titlu de expert naional a fost invitat s par- unitile militare au fost stabilite aceleai
ticipe la lucrri i reprezentantul Centrului nereguli ca i n anii precedeni: lipsa re-
pentru Drepturile Omului din Moldova. surselor financiare pentru efectuarea unor
n perioada activitii Comisiei au fost reparaii eseniale; condiii nesatisfctoare
monitorizate 15 uniti militare ale Ministe- n blocurile locative, alimentare, n ncpe-
rului Aprrii, inclusiv Spitalul Clinic Militar rile pentru baie; lipsa unui control eficient
i Centrul consultativ-diagnostic. Au fost asupra respectrii regulilor sanitar-igienice
examinate condiiile de trai, alimentaia n cantine, bi; starea igienic neadecvat
ostailor, volumul i calitatea asistenei me- a lenjeriei; activitatea nesatisfctoare a co-
dicale i dotarea cu echipament. De aseme- misiilor medico-militare.
nea, militarii au fost intervievai prin inter- n cele mai multe cazuri conducerea
mediul anchetelor anonime. Ministerului Aprrii i a Departamentului
Comisia a constatat c pentru toi tinerii, Trupelor de Carabinieri au argumentat ne-
dar n special pentru cei care provin din fa- ndeplinirea recomandrilor naintate ante-
milii social-vulnerabile, armata reprezint o rior de avocatul parlamentar, n calitate de
oportunitate de a se dezvolta, de a nva i MNPT, prin lipsa resurselor financiare.
a cpta experien de via.
Recomandri:
Organizarea cursurilor de pregtire profesional i a celor de instruire cu referire la
ndatoririle generale i speciale ale angajailor unitii militare, n aspectul de culti-
vare a spiritului de intoleran fa de relele tratamente;
ntreprinderea de msuri organizatorice n toate unitile militare ale Armatei Naio-
nale i Trupele de Carabinieri pentru identificarea carenelor la capitolul condiii n
blocul alimentar, baia i blocul medical pentru a le diminua; pentru asigurarea unor
condiii decente militarilor n timpul de satisfacere a serviciului militar;
ntreprinderea de msuri organizatorice pentru a asigura comisiile medicale de
ncorporare a cetenilor n cadrul Forelor Armate ale Republicii Moldova cu
specialiti de profilul necesar pentru a garanta funcionalitatea lor.
94
CAPITOLUL II
4. Instituii psihiatrice Opinia public cunoate prea puin des-
pre ceea ce se ntmpla n aceste instituii
Republica Moldova are o populaie de nchise, n care exist un risc sporit de ncl-
3 mln. 560,4 mii, fr populaia localitilor care a drepturilor omului. Din aceste consi-
derente controlul public prin monitorizri

din partea stng a Nistrului i municipiul
Bender. Se estimeaz c prevalena prin i inspecii independente poate contribui
tulburri mintale i de comportament con- considerabil la prevenirea torturii i trata-
stituie circa 95.000155. ns societatea nu mentelor inumane sau degradante.
cunoate numrul exact al persoanelor cu Pe parcursul anului 2012 avocaii parla-
dizabiliti mintale care i duc existena mentari, cu sprijinul membrilor Consiliului
izolat n instituiile de sntate mintal i consultativ i experilor, au continuat s
rmnnd invizibili pentru societate. Dup monitorizeze aplicarea standardelor privind
plasarea n aceste instituii, persoanele cu drepturile omului n spitalele de psihiatrie i
dizabiliti mintale devin vulnerabile la ex- n internatele psihoneurologice, prestatoa-
ploatare i abuz, deoarece acestea au pui- re de servicii medico-sociale persoanelor
ne contacte cu lumea din exterior i acces cu dizabiliti mintale. Au fost efectuate 9
limitat la servicii, cum ar fi consultana i vizite: 3 vizite n spitalele de psihiatrie afla-
asistena juridic calificat, campaniile de te n subordinea Ministerului Sntii i 6
advocacy. vizite n internatele psihoneurologice aflate
Republica Moldova s-a angajat prin n subordinea Ministerului Muncii, Proteci-
Constituie s asigure persoanelor cu diza- ei Sociale i Familiei. Situaia atestat a fost
biliti o protecie special din partea ntre- apreciat prin prisma Normelor CPT cu re-
gii societi, condiii adecvate de tratament, ferire la condiiile de via, prevenirea rele-
de instruire i de integrare social. Repu- lor tratamente, mijloacele de constrngere
blica Moldova a recunoscut standardele aplicate i alte aspecte importante.
internaionale, care au devenit parte com- Analiza informaiilor i a datelor colec-
ponent a cadrului legal naional. Autorit- tate n timpul vizitelor evideniaz lipsa
ile moldoveneti au realizat reforme i pro- progreselor semnificative n punerea n
grame naionale privind sntatea mintal. aplicare la nivel naional a Conveniei pri-
Cu toate acestea, multe persoane cu diza- vind drepturile persoanelor cu dizabiliti,
biliti mintale rmn fr de sprijinul ex- subdezvoltarea programelor de sprijin n
trem de necesar din cauza inconsecvenei comunitate pentru persoanele cu dizabi-
legislaiei i a aciunilor de implementare liti mintale i, n consecin, ignorarea
a acesteia, lipsei de coordonare ntre orga- drepturilor fundamentale ale omului pen-
nele guvernamentale responsabile. Aceti tru persoanele cu dizabiliti mintale.
oameni se confrunt n continuare cu stig-
matizarea, izolarea i discriminarea bazat Spitalele de psihiatrie
pe dizabilitate, care snt adesea agravate
de stereotipuri i prejudeci. Condiiile de Spitalele de psihiatrie snt instituii me-
cazare adesea snt deplorabile, barierele dico-sanitare publice, care acord asisten
psihologice i sociale mpiedic incluziunea medical specializat, n condiii de
i participarea lor la viaa social a comuni- staionar, privind examinarea, diagnostica-
tii. n opinia avocailor parlamentari, Mol- rea, tratamentul i recuperarea psihosocia-
dova nu a depus suficiente eforturi pentru a l. Spitalele de psihiatrie snt subordonate
mbunti viaa persoanelor cu dizabiliti nemijlocit fondatorilor, iar n plan organiza-
mintale i de a aduce legislaia, politicile tor-metodic - Ministerului Sntii.
i practicile n conformitate cu cerinele i n Republica Moldova funcioneaz trei
standardele internaionale. spitale de psihiatrie Spitalul clinic de psi-
hiatrie din municipiul Chiinu, Spitalele de
155
http://ms.gov.md/_files/10855Indicatori%2520p psihiatrie din Bli i Orhei.
relimin ari%2520%2520anii%25202010-2011.pdf
95
CAPITOLUL II
n spitalele de psihiatrie snt plasate, n prin intermediul evalurii i acreditrii158,

afara pacienilor internai de bun voie (in- a impulsionat ntr-o oarecare msur m-
ternare voluntar), persoane spitalizate fr buntirea condiiilor hoteliere prin efec-
acordul lor n cazurile n care exist anumi- tuarea reparaiilor, instalarea cazanelor de
te circumstane156, ca urmare a procedurilor nclzire a apei, reutilarea slilor de baie i a
civile (internarea nevoluntar). De aseme- WC-urilor, micorarea numrului de paturi

nea, n aceste instituii medicale snt plasa- n saloane, renovarea mobilierului. Elabo-
te i persoanele care au svrit fapte preju- rarea normelor sanitare privind condiiile
diciabile, prevzute de legea penal n stare de igien pentru instituiile medico-sani-
de iresponsabilitate, a cror internare a fost tare159 a contribuit ntr-o oarecare msur
dispus printr-o hotrre judectoreasc n la crearea i meninerea unor cerine unice
cadrul unei proceduri penale. privind amplasarea, amenajarea, utilarea i
n rapoartele anterioare157 au fost descri- ntreinerea instituiilor medico-sanitare.
se anumite probleme specifice spitalelor de Cu toate acestea, n spitalele de psihiatrie
psihiatrie, cu privire la procedura de inter- nu s-a reuit deocamdat implementarea
nare i spitalizare fr liberul consimmnt, cerinelor pentru amplasarea, amenajarea,
aplicarea msurilor de conterionare, stan- utilarea, ntreinerea instituiilor medico-
dardele i condiiile hoteliere, mecanisme- sanitare, specificate n Regulamentul sa-
le de petiionare etc. Generaliznd situaia nitar privind condiiile de igien pentru
prin prisma vizitelor efectuate n ultimii doi instituiile medico-sanitare. n consecin,
ani, au fost gsite n acest domeniu un ir condiiile de sejur nu snt maxim favorabile
de probleme de sistem, din care pot rezulta pentru recuperare psihosocial, nu este asi-
cu uurin nclcri ale drepturilor omului. gurat intimitatea pacienilor.
Condiiile materiale din spitalele de Lucrul cu persoanele care sufer de
psihiatrie ar trebui s creeze un mediu te- dizabiliti mintale este o sarcin dificil
rapeutic pozitiv care presupune, nainte de pentru toate categoriile de personal impli-
toate, asigurarea unui spaiu suficient pen- cate medici, asisteni medicali, infirmieri,
tru fiecare pacient, precum i iluminarea, personal auxiliar. n acest context, defi-
nclzirea, aerisirea adecvate ale acestuia, citul de personal, formarea inadecvat i
ntreinerea satisfctoare a instituiei i condiiile de munc precare snt doar cteva
conformarea cu regulile sanitaro-igienice. aspecte strns legate de prevenirea relelor
Inadvertenele n aceste domenii pot duce tratamente.
rapid la situaii care se aseamn cu cele Pentru toate spitalele de psihiatrie
ale tratamentelor inumane sau degradante. snt caracteristice fluctuaia cadrelor, lipsa
Implementarea mecanismului de monito- specialitilor (psihologi, asisteni sociali i
rizare a calitii serviciilor acordate popu- instructori de ergoterapie), un numr mare
laiei de ctre unitile medico-sanitare, de bolnavi la un medic psihiatru, salariza-
rea insuficient i diminuarea sporurilor
156
Art. 28 din Legea privind sntatea mental nr. pentru munca n condiii nocive i de risc
1402 din 16.12.1997: persoana suferind de tul-
burri psihice poate fi spitalizat n staionarul major, efortul emoional excesiv i surme-
de psihiatrie fr liberul ei consimmnt sau al najul sporit n urma contactului perma-
reprezentantului ei legal, pn la emiterea hot- nent cu pacienii, insuficiena personalului
rrii judectoreti, dac examinarea sau tratarea
ei este posibil numai n condiii de staionar, iar
tulburarea psihic este grav i condiioneaz: a) 158
Legea privind evaluarea i acreditarea n sntate
pericolul social direct; b) prejudiciul grav sntii nr. 552 din 18 octombrie 2001; Hotrrea Guver-
sale dac nu i se va acorda asisten psihiatric. nului cu privire la Consiliul naional de Evaluare i
157
http://www.ombudsman.md/md Acreditare n Sntate nr. 526 din 29 aprilie 2002.
tematice/;http://www.ombudsman.md/md/ 159
Hotrrea Guvernului nr. 663 din 23.07.2010 pen-
rapoarte%20mnpt/;http://www.ombuds- tru aprobarea Regulamentului sanitar privind
man.md/file/RAPOARTE%20PDF/CpDOM_ condiiile de igien pentru instituiile medico-
Raport_2011ANEXE.pdf sanitare.
96
CAPITOLUL II
medical inferior, neasigurarea securitii dical pentru a asigura liberul consimmnt
fizice a personalului. Nu este asigurat pre- pentru spitalizarea n staionarul de psihia-
gtirea iniial i continu a infirmierilor trie, nseamn c aceti pacieni snt lipsii
privind specificul lucrului cu persoanele cu de drepturile i garaniile de protecie va-
dizabiliti mintale: lipsesc instruirile speci- labile n cazul internrii nevoluntare, cum

ale privind prevenirea i gestionarea com- ar fi controlul judiciar al deteniei. Avnd
portamentului agresiv; prevenirea utilizrii n vedere c majoritatea pacienilor snt
abuzive i utilizarea n condiii de siguran internai cu liberul consimmnt, prezin-
a msurilor de imobilizare i izolare; drep- t ngrijorare o utilizare att de redus a
turile omului, n general, i drepturile paci- procedurii legale de internare fr liberul
entului, n special. Atitudinea personalului consimmnt n situaia atestat de facto.
medical fa de pacieni, n unele cazuri, n concluzie, se pare c personalul spi-
chiar lezeaz demnitatea persoanei. Toate talelor de psihiatrie recurge la convingere
acestea au un impact direct asupra res- i exercitare de presiuni n vederea obinerii
pectrii drepturilor omului, asupra calitii liberului consimmnt pentru internarea
ngrijirilor medicale, tratamentului i reabi- n staionarul de psihiatrie pentru a evita
litrii i creeaz un risc serios n ceea ce pri- iniierea procedurii judiciare de internare
vete potenialele abuzuri fa de pacieni nevoluntar, care este mai complicat i
din partea personalului mai puin calificat. de durat. Aceast abordare are drept con-
Neasigurarea garaniilor procesua- secin lipsa de respect pentru drepturile
le la internarea pacienilor fr liberul omului n spitalele de psihiatrie i creeaz
consimmnt este o alt caren de sistem. medii favorabile pentru nclcri ale drep-
De regul, la internare n staionarul turilor omului.
de psihiatrie pacienilor li se solicit sem- Bolnavii cu tulburri psihice grave, care
narea consimmntului pentru spitaliza- prezint pericol pentru sine i cei din jur sau
re i trebuie s li se dea explicaii privind care pot provoca prejudiciu grav sntii
diagnosticul i tratamentul/medicaia. sale, dac nu li se va acorda asistena psihia-
Acest consimmnt este anexat la fia tric n condiii de staionar, pot fi spitalizai
de boal a pacientului. n urma studierii fr liberul lor consimmnt. n spitalele de
documentaiei medicale, s-a constatat c psihiatrie nu exist date statistice centrali-
pacienii nu ntotdeauna semneaz formu- zate referitoare la numrul total al pacien-
larul consimmntului pentru spitalizare ilor spitalizai fr liberul consimmnt.
sau c semntura nu corespunde cu cea de Aceste informaii pot fi selectate nemijlocit
pe alte acte. n timpul vizitelor s-a stabilit c, n fiecare secie.
atunci cnd pacientul refuz s-i dea libe- Conform materialelor examinate, n
rul consimmnt pentru spitalizare, semn- majoritatea cazurilor instituiile respect
tura se obine prin convingere i insisten, termenul de 48 de ore, perioad n care
fcndu-se trimitere la spitalizarea fr libe- persoana spitalizat trebuie s fie supus
rul consimmnt i la procedura judiciar. examenului medical. Este respectat i ter-
Convingerea sau chiar constrngerea de a menul de 24 de ore pentru expedierea avi-
da liberul consimmnt pentru internarea zului medical instanei de judecat pentru
n spitalul de psihiatrie este o practic larg a hotr asupra aflrii ulterioare n staionar
rspndit n toate spitalele de psihiatrie. a persoanei.
Multiplele discuii cu pacienii i persons pacienii internai fr liberul
nalul privind procedura de internare pun consimmnt s-au plns pe faptul c nu
la ndoial valabilitatea consimmntului snt adui la judecat, c nu-i vd avoca-
pacienilor pentru internarea voluntar i tul care le apr drepturile n proces, c nu
sugereaz c ei snt, n realitate, lipsii de primesc copia hotrrii judectoreti i c
libertate. Aceste cazuri ar trebui, de fapt, snt exclui din procesul judiciar unde li se
considerate ca internare involuntar. n decide soarta. Spre exemplu, n timpul vi-
plus, eforturile depuse de personalul me-
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CAPITOLUL II
zitei din 2 octombrie 2012 n Spitalul Clinic ticiparea acestuia. n majoritatea cazurilor
de Psihiatrie (Secia nr. 11 psihiatrie femei), sentinele de judecat se pronun n lipsa
personalul a reafirmat c pacienii, de re- pacienilor, administraia instituiei invo-
gul, nu particip la examinarea cererii de cnd starea psihic a acestora, care nu le
spitalizare n staionarul de psihiatrie fr li- permite s se prezinte n faa instanei. Exa-
berul consimmnt; c practic nu au existat minarea cererii de spitalizare n staionarul

cazuri ca pacienii s fie vizitai de avocai; de psihiatrie fr liberul consimmnt are
c hotrrile judectoreti privind spitali- loc n edin de judecat cu participarea
zarea fr liberul consimmnt nu snt n- reprezentantului staionarului de psihiatrie
mnate pacienilor i nici nu le snt aduse la care solicit spitalizarea i a reprezentantu-
cunotin (acestea snt anexate la dosarul lui legal al persoanei a crei spitalizare se
personal al pacientului). cere. n timpul monitorizrilor nu a putut
Nerespectarea garaniilor procesu- fi stabilit numrul cererilor de spitalizare
ale la internare a pacienilor fr liberul fr liberul consimmnt respinse de c-
consimmnt a devenit o problem de tre judectori, dar personalul medical din
sistem, generat att de imperfeciunea instituiile vizitate a afirmat c toate cererile
cadrului normativ, ct i de factorul uman. snt acceptate. La fel, nu a fost posibil sta-
Anterior avocaii parlamentari au ntre- bilirea numrului deciziilor judectoreti
prins aciuni, n limitele atribuiilor de care contestate de ctre pacieni sau de ctre
dispun, pentru soluionarea acestora, ns reprezentanii lor legali.
n cadrul vizitelor efectuate pe parcursul Din discuiile cu grupurile profesiona-
anului 2012 s-a constat c situaia nu s-a le i din informaiile solicitate de la diferi-
schimbat spre bine. te instituii s-a constatat c magistraii nu
Astfel, n condiiile n care legislaia au o pregtire special i nu beneficiaz
care reglementeaz procedura internrii de formare continu n domeniul vizat.
fr liberul consimmnt n staionarul de De cele mai dese ori hotrrile lor privind
psihiatrie160 nu asigur n deplin msur ncuviinarea spitalizrii n staionarul de
principiile de baz ale legiferrii coerena, psihiatrie se bazeaz pe documentele
consecvena i echilibrul ntre reglemen- prezentate de reprezentanii spitalului i
trile concurente n partea ce ine de locul pe discuiile cu medicul care solicit inter-
examinrii cererii de spitalizare, sntem de narea forat, pacienii rmnnd n afara
fa cu o aplicare neuniform a acesteia. n oricror interaciuni cu judectorii. Acesta
consecin, cererile de spitalizare fr libe- este un motiv serios de ngrijorare, n spe-
rul consimmnt n staionarul de psihiatrie cial avnd n vedere faptul c discuia per-
se examineaz n unele cazuri nemijlocit n soanei suferinde cu un judector poate fi
staionar cu participarea pacientului, n alte singura oportunitate de acces la justiie i
cazuri - n instana judectoreasc, fr par- unica ans de a vorbi despre nedorina
solicit spitalizarea i a reprezentantului legal al

161
Conform prevederilor art. 315 din Codul de persoanei a crei spitalizare se cere. n acelai
procedur civil, cererea de spitalizare n staio- timp, art. 33 din Legea privind sntatea mintal
narul de psihiatrie fr liberul consimmnt se prevede c cererea de spitalizare n staionarul
examineaz de instan n termen de 5 zile de de psihiatrie fr liberul consimmnt este exa-
la pornirea procesului. edina de judecat are minat de judector n decursul a 3 zile de la pri-
loc n localul instanei judectoreti. Persoana mire n instan judectoreasc sau n staionar.
spitalizat n staionarul de psihiatrie fr liberul Persoana spitalizat n staionarul de psihiatrie
ei consimmnt este n drept s participe la so- fr liberul ei consimmnt este n drept s parti-
luionarea pricinii dac reprezentantul institui- cipe la examinarea problemei legate de spitaliza-
ei de psihiatrie constat c sntatea i permite. rea sa. Dac starea psihic nu permite persoanei
Examinarea cererii de spitalizare n staionarul s se prezinte n instan judectoreasc, cererea
de psihiatrie fr liberul consimmnt are loc n de spitalizare fr liberul consimmnt este exa-
edin de judecat cu participarea obligatorie a minat de judector n staionarul de psihiatrie.
reprezentantului staionarului de psihiatrie care
98
CAPITOLUL II
internrii. n planurile de formare continu consimmnt sau propunerea spitalului
a judectorilor, inclusiv pentru anul 2013, de psihiatrie privind verificarea, ncetarea
elaborate de Institutul Naional al Justiiei, sau schimbarea msurii de constrngere cu
nu snt introduse subiecte ce in de stu- caracter medical. Pacienilor nu li se ofer
dierea particularitilor de soluionare a asisten juridic pentru a contesta inter-

cauzelor privind ncuviinarea spitaliz- narea n spitalul de psihiatrie.
rii n staionarul de psihiatrie fr liberul Cadrul normativ n vigoare obli-
consimmnt, declararea incapacitii per- g instituiile de psihiatrie s informeze
soanei din cauza unei tulburri psihice i pacienii despre drepturile i obligaiile lor
alte aspecte din domeniul vizat. n primul (drepturile pacientului specificate n Le-
semestru al anului 2012 (26 martie) Institu- gea privind drepturile i responsabilitile
tul Naional al Justiiei a organizat un semi- pacientului sau drepturile i obligaiile
nar cu genericul Aplicarea Legii privind s- pacienilor din staionarele de psihiatrie
ntatea mintal, la care urmau s participe specificate n Legea privind sntatea min-
23 de judectori i 10 procurori.161 tal). ntru exercitarea acestei prevederi
n cazul acordrii de asisten psihiatri- legale, n instituii este utilizat formularul
c, persoana suferind de tulburri psihice Consimmntului informat asupra investi-
are dreptul la asistena avocatului, inclusiv gaiilor i procedurilor terapeutice, care se
a unui avocat din oficiu. Legea oblig ad- anexeaz la cartela medical a bolnavului.
ministraia instituiei care acord asisten Conform cerinelor acestui formular, pacien-
psihiatric s asigure posibilitatea invit- ilor trebuie s li se aduc la cunotin, prin
rii avocatului, cu excepia cazului n care explicaii suficiente i ntr-un limbaj clar, ac-
persoana suferind prezint pericol social cesibil urmtoarele informaii: diagnosticul
sporit162. Administraia staionarului de psi- prezumtiv i modul de stabilire al acestuia,
hiatrie i personalul medical snt obligai scopul, metodele i durata tratamentului
s creeze condiii pacienilor pentru cores- propus, eventualele incomoditi, riscuri
ponden, pentru naintarea de reclamaii sau efecte secundare ale tratamentului, ris-
i cereri ctre avocat, autoritile publice, curile i posibilele consecine ale refuzului
procuratur, instane judectoreti163. De sau ntreruperii tratamentului. Totodat, pa-
regul, pacienii nu beneficiaz de servici- cienii trebuie s fie informai despre drep-
ile unui avocat ales fie din cauza constrn- turile i responsabilitile pe care le au, des-
gerilor materiale, fie din necunoaterea pre dreptul la confidenialitate, dreptul de a
dreptului de a beneficia de serviciile unui refuza o anumit procedur de diagnostic
avocat. n majoritatea cazurilor persoa- sau de tratament cu care ei nu snt de acord.
nele ale cror spitalizare n staionarul de Formularul trebuie s fie semnat de pacient
psihiatrie se cere nu snt reprezentate n sau reprezentantul lui legal.
judecat de un avocat ales, ci de unul de- Cu toate acestea, pacienii contien-
semnat de oficiul teritorial al Consiliului tizeaz c n afar de drepturile care se
Naional pentru Asisten Juridic Garanta- conin n formularul Consimmntului,
t de Stat, care ofer asisten juridic gra- ei mai au i alte drepturi, inclusiv drepturi
tuit. Majoritatea pacienilor internai fr procesuale.164 Acest lucru ar nsemna c ei
liberul consimmnt s-au plns c nu au nu tiu c au dreptul s se ntlneasc cu un
avut oportunitatea de a se ntlni cu avoca- avocat i s fie reprezentai de acesta, s ia
tul desemnat naintea edinei de judecat. cunotin de hotrrea judectoreasc i
Avocatul n majoritatea cazurilor susine s o atace etc. S-a constatat c administraia
cererea spitalului de internare fr liberul spitalelor de psihiatrie nu numai c depune
prea puin efort pentru a informa pacienii
161
Plan de formare continu pentru semestrul I al
anului 2012, http://www.inj.md/files/u1/PDFOn- despre drepturile omului, dar nici nu acor-
line.pdf d importan cuvenit acestui subiect. De
162
Legea privind sntatea mintal, art. 7 (3)
163
Legea privind sntatea mintal, art. 38 lit. c) 164
Legea privind sntatea mintal, art. 5 (2) lit.b).
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CAPITOLUL II
exemplu, personalul unui spital a afirmat c tul actual, executarea ncheierilor privind
unii pacieni tiu, n principiu, c au dreptul internarea n instituia psihiatric n teme-
s atace hotrrea instanei judectoreti, iul articolului 490 din Codul de procedur
dar snt prea bolnavi s neleag acest penal este asigurat de ctre Instituia
lucru sau nu vor s o fac. Din acest con- Medico-Sanitar Public Spitalul Clinic de
siderent, hotrrile instanelor judectoreti Psihiatrie. Persoanele n a cror privin este

privind spitalizarea n staionarul de psihia- efectuat urmrirea penal i care se afl
trie fr liberul consimmnt nici nu se n- n stare de arest snt plasate n Secia de
mneaz pacienilor, fiind anexate automat psihiatrie pentru tratament prin constrn-
la dosarele medicale. Din discuiile cu per- gere cu supraveghere riguroas, care este
sonalul medical se constat c nu au existat o subdiviziune curativ-preventiv prevzu-
cazuri n care pacienii au contestat hot- t pentru aplicarea msurilor de siguran
rrea instanei de judecat privind prelun- cu caracter medical n form de tratament
girea spitalizrii fr liberul consimmnt. prin constrngere, ce se efectueaz n baza
Mai mult dect att, nu exist o procedur sentinei instanei judectoreti. Astfel, per-
clar i bine definit de aducere la cuno- soanele arestate, n a cror privin a fost
tina (de nmnare) pacienilor a hotrrilor revocat arestul preventiv, snt plasate n
instanelor judectoreti. Totodat, dosare- subdiviziunea care asigur aplicarea m-
le medicale nu conin nicio dovad c per- surilor de constrngere cu caracter medical
sonalul informeaz pacienii despre teme- fa de persoanele n a cror privin deja
iurile deteniei, dup cum o cere art. 5 alin. s-a dovedit faptul svririi unei fapte preju-
(2) din Convenia pentru aprarea dreptu- diciabile prevzute de legea penal, n baza
rilor omului i a libertilor fundamentale. sentinei de absolvire de pedeaps sau de
Principalul argument invocat de rspundere penal, fie n baza sentinei de
administraia i angajaii spitalelor de psi- liberare de pedeaps i de aplicare a unor
hiatrie ntru justificarea situaiei existente msuri de constrngere cu caracter medical.
este faptul c misiunea primordial este Este de menionat c n activitatea sa,
acordarea asistenei medicale, iar procedu- Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie se conduce de
rile juridice i anumite cunotine speciale Legea privind sntatea mental nr. 1402
n acest domeniu nu in de competena lor. din 16.12.1997, Legea cu privire la experti-
Aceste abordri, ignorarea i stigmatizarea za judiciar, constatrile tehnico-tiinifice
persoanelor cu dizabiliti mintale dar i i medico-legale nr. 1086 din 23.06.2000,
necunoaterea/cunoaterea insuficienta Codul de procedur penal, Codul penal,
drepturilor omului de ctre personalul spi- Codul de executare. Conform prevederilor
talelor de psihiatrie prezint motive de n- art. 11 din Legea privind sntatea men-
grijorare deosebit. tal, tratamentul persoanelor suferinde de
n timpul vizitelor n spitalele de psi- tulburri psihice se efectueaz cu liberul lor
hiatrie s-a constatat o caren legislativ consimmnt scris, excepie fcnd cazurile
privind aplicarea prevederilor art. 490 din aplicrii unor msuri medicale coercitive,
Codul de procedur penal165. La momen- n conformitate cu prevederile Codului pe-
nal166. n situaia n care nu exist claritate
165
La constatarea faptului de mbolnvire a per- cu referire la deinerea persoanelor aresta-
soanei n privina creia se efectueaz urmrire te n a cror privin a fost revocat arestul
penal i care se afl n stare de arest, judecto- preventiv i cu referire la tactica de acor-
rul de instrucie dispune, n temeiul demersului dare a asistenei psihiatrice n conformitate
procurorului, internarea ei n instituia psihiatric cu toate actele normative ce in de dome-
adaptat pentru deinerea persoanelor arestate,
dispunnd, totodat, revocarea arestului preven-
niul psihiatriei, sntem de fa cu deinerea
tiv. Despre ameliorarea ulterioar a strii sn- ilegal a persoanelor internate n temeiul
tii persoanei internate n instituia psihiatric, art. 490 din Codul de procedur penal n
administraia instituiei ntiineaz imediat pro- Secia de psihiatrie pentru tratament prin
curorul care conduce urmrirea penal n cauza
respectiv. 166
Art. 99 din Codul penal
100
CAPITOLUL II
constrngere cu supraveghere riguroas rea cadrului normativ n vigoare astfel, n-
a MSP Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie pn la ct s fie asigurat legalitatea deinerii n
pronunarea sentinei. Pentru soluionarea instituia psihiatric a persoanelor n a cror
problemei au fost naintate numeroase privina este efectuat urmrirea penal i
recomandri i propuneri privind revizui- care se afl n stare de arest.

Recomandri:
Sensibilizarea opiniei publice privind situaia persoanelor cu dizabiliti mintale;
Revizuirea cadrului normativ care reglementeaz procedura de internare n instituia
psihiatric la constatarea faptului de mbolnvire a persoanei n a crei privin se
efectueaz urmrire penal i care se afl n stare de arest;
Asigurarea calitii asistenei juridice calificate prin responsabilizarea avocailor pu-
blici;
Asigurarea pregtirii speciale a judectorilor care examineaz cererile de spitalizare
n staionarul de psihiatrie fr liberul consimmnt;
Asigurarea informrii pacienilor despre drepturile i libertile fundamentale ale
omului;
Asigurarea realizrii drepturilor procesuale de ctre pacieni n cazurile internrii
fr liberul consimmnt;
Informarea angajailor spitalului despre principiile i standardele internaionale pri-
vind drepturile omului n general i a drepturile persoanelor cu dizabiliti, n spe-
cial;
Dezvoltarea i meninerea abilitilor personalului pe urmtoarele segmente: pre-
venirea i gestionarea comportamentului agresiv; prevenirea utilizrii abuzive i
utilizarea n condiii de siguran a msurilor de imobilizare i izolare; drepturile
omului, n general, i drepturile pacientului, n special.
5. Internatele psihoneurologice n Republica Moldova funcioneaz 4

internate psihoneurologice i 2 case in-
n cel de-al treilea Raport General al su, ternat pentru copii cu deficiene mintale:
n seciunea dedicat serviciilor de snta- Internatul psihoneurologic din Bli, Inter-
te din penitenciare (cf.CPT/Inf (93) 12, pa- natul psihoneurologic din Bdiceni (Soro-
ragrafele de la 30 la 77), CPT-ul a reamintit ca), Internatul psihoneurologic din Brnzeni
unele criterii generale care i-au ndrumat (Edine), Internatul psihoneurologic din
activitatea (accesul la un doctor, trata- Cocieri (Dubsari), Casa internat pentru co-
mentul egal, consimmntul pacientului pii cu deficiene mintale din Orhei i Casa
i confidenialitatea, medicina preventiv, internat pentru copii cu deficiene mintale
independena i competena profesional). din Hnceti.
Aceste criterii se aplic i n cazul plasrii Conform Regulamentului-cadru de
voluntare n instituiile de psihiatrie. funcionare a Internatului psihoneurologic
Din acest considerent, n cadrul din municipiul Bli, aprobat de ministrul
activitii MNPT, s-a acordat o atenie spori- Proteciei Sociale, Familiei i Copilului la
t monitorizrii respectrii drepturilor omu- 09 aprilie 2008, internatul este instituie de
lui n internatele psihoneurologice, aflate n plasament temporar sau permanent, pre-
subordinea Ministerului Muncii, Proteciei statoare de servicii sociomedicale, pentru
Sociale i Familiei. Constatrile triste privind persoane cu dizabiliti mintale. Benefici-
situaia din aceste instituii rezideniale au arii de servicii sociale snt persoanele care
determinat continuarea monitorizrii pri- la un moment dat se pot afla ntr-o situaie
oritare a internatelor psihoneurologice n de dificultate generatoare de marginalizare
agenda de lucru pentru anul 2013. sau excluziune social n lipsa suportului
101
CAPITOLUL II
acordat de familie sau comunitate i snt tea, asigurarea normelor igienico-sanitare

dependente de ajutor teriar. Scopul Inter- etc.), nu snt pe deplin asigurate serviciile
natului este asigurarea proteciei sociale a sociomedicale de recuperare i reabilitare
beneficiarilor, prin acordarea msurilor de (kinetoterapie, ergoterapie, psihoterapie, fi-
recuperare, meninere a capacitilor i (re) zioterapie etc.). Prea puin atenie se acor-
integrare social. Obiectivele Internatului d pregtirii pentru re(integrarea) sociofa-

snt: acordarea asistenei sociomedicale be- milial, asigurrii dezvoltrii i meninerii
neficiarilor n conformitate cu necesitile relaiilor cu familia i comunitatea. n unele
speciale i particularitile de dezvoltare instituii serviciile enumerate nu snt pre-
individual; facilitarea socializrii i (re)so- state, de facto.
cializrii beneficiarului n familia biologic Toate instituiile nu dispun de un nu-
extins sau n comunitate. mr suficient de personal medical i infir-
Conform Instruciunii despre modul mieri, fapt ce face imposibil asigurarea
de cazare a tutelailor n instituiile socia- suficient a serviciilor medicale i ngrijirea
le din subjurisdicia Ministerului Muncii, adecvat a beneficiarilor cu grad sever de
Proteciei Sociale i Familiei al Republicii dizabilitate. Mai mult dect att, infirmierii
Moldova, aprobat de ministrul Muncii, nu au calificri sau pregtire specializat n
Proteciei Sociale i Familiei (nr. 61/227 din ngrijiri psihiatrice.
16.02.2000) i ministrul Sntii (nr.06- Instituiile dispun de resurse financiare
34/188 din 16.03.2000), n instituiile socia- limitate pentru instruirea continu a me-
le ale Ministerului Muncii, Proteciei Sociale i dicilor i asistentelor medicale. Infirmierii
Familiei pot fi cazai permanent sau tempo- nu snt inclui n programele de instruire
rar ceteni ai Republicii Moldova de la vrsta iniial i continue. Ca i n spitalele de psi-
de 4 ani (copii cu deficien fizic, mintal), hiatrie, insuficiena personalului, formarea
persoane psihocronice, invalizi i persoane inadecvat i condiiile de munc contri-
de vrsta a treia preponderent solitari, care buie la sporirea riscului relelor tratamente
necesit ngrijirea altei persoane. fa de beneficiari din partea personalului,
Prevederile Instruciunii i ale Regula- manifestarea agresiunii ntre beneficiari.
mentului de funcionare a internatului psi- O caren grav n activitatea interna-
honeurologic conin divergene n partea telor psihoneurologice este completarea
ce ine de misiunea instituiilor, categoriile defectuoas a dosarelor personale. Contrar
de beneficiari, contraindicaiile la plasarea cerinelor Regulamentuluicadru de func-
n instituie .a. Astfel, dou acte normative ionare a internatului psihoneurologic, n
de acelai nivel, avnd acelai obiect i fi- unele dosare lipsesc documentele necesa-
ind aprobate de aceeai autoritate, conin re, inclusiv copiile de pe actele de identita-
reglementri diferite din aceeai materie, te. Astfel, n unul din internatele psihoneu-
fapt care creeaz confuzii. Mai mult dect rologice, din cei 458 de beneficiari circa 120
att, reglementrile coninute n aceste acte de persoane nu aveau buletine de identita-
normative nu asigur pe deplin respectarea te. Ministerul de resort (MMPSF) a fost se-
tuturor drepturilor omului i a libertilor sizat despre aceast problem, ns la nivel
fundamentale, inclusiv drepturilor persoa- de autoritate public central nu snt ntre-
nelor cu deficiene mintale. prinse msuri eficiente, motivaia principa-
Internatele psihoneurologice presteaz l fiind resursele financiare limitate alocate
servicii sociomedicale att pentru persoane internatelor, iar contribuia beneficiarilor
n etate, ct i pentru persoane cu dizabili- este nensemnat lund n consideraie costul
ti mintale. ntreinerii unei persoane n instituie.167 n
Dei autoritile depun eforturi consi- acest context, pe de o parte, apar semne de
derabile pentru asigurarea unor condiii de ntrebare privind identificarea persoanelor
trai adecvate i asigurarea necesitilor fun- aflate n instituii, pe de alt parte, sporete
damentale ale vieii (hrana, mbrcmin-
167
Din rspunsul MMPSF nr. 01-3828 din 25.10.2012.
102
CAPITOLUL II
riscul traficului de fiine umane. n aceeai prin monitorizrile i controalele medicale
ordine de idei, rmne neclar aspectul ce permanente i neag categoric existena
ine de asigurarea cu pensii, prestaii soci- cazurilor de sarcin a beneficiarelor. n
ale i alte drepturi/servicii, de care persoa- acelai timp, i beneficiarele, i infirmie-
nele nu pot beneficia n lipsa actelor de rele au amintit, printre altele, despre fap-

identitate. tul c sarcinile snt ntrerupte prin avort
Beneficiarii cazai n internatele psiho- n instituiile medico-sanitare publice din
neurologice au polie de asigurare obligato- raza teritorial. innd cont de faptul c n
rie de asisten medical i pot beneficia de documentaia medical lipsete informaia
servicii medicale n volumul i n condiiile despre sarcin i consimmntul informat
prevzute de Programul unic al asigurrii cu privire la ntreruperea acesteia, exist
obligatorii de asisten medical. n cazu- bnuieli rezonabile c avorturile snt efec-
rile n care asistena medical necesar nu tuate la decizia discreionar a personalului
poate fi acordat nemijlocit n internate, internatelor, fr a ine cont de opiniile/
beneficiarii snt transportai n instituiile dorinele femeilor. n acelai timp, n inter-
medico-sanitare publice din raza teritorial. natele psihoneurologice nu se ntreprind
msuri pentru educaia sexual a benefici-
n caz de acutizare a maladiilor psihice,
arelor, pentru popularizarea msurilor con-
beneficiarii snt transferai pentru trata-
traceptive i repartizarea acestora.
ment n spitalele de psihiatrie. Durata tra-
tamentului n spitale variaz ntre 5 i 30 de n acelai timp, nici actele normative n
zile, n funcie de gravitatea bolii. vigoare, nici ministerul de resort nu ofer
soluii pentru beneficiarele internatelor
n urma ratificrii Conveniei privind
psihoneurologice, care au decis s devin
drepturile persoanelor cu dizabiliti, Repu-
mame. Administraia instituiilor trebuie s
blica Moldova i-a asumat angajamentul s
soluioneze de sine stttor toate proble-
ntreprind msuri eficiente i corespunz-
mele.
toare pentru a asigura recunoaterea drep-
tului persoanelor cu dizabiliti de a decide n timpul vizitelor s-a constatat c per-
liber i responsabil n ceea ce privete nu- sonalul internatelor psihoneurologice nu
mrul de copii i intervalul dintre acetia manifest niciun respect fa de viaa pri-
i de a avea acces la informaia corespun- vat i intimitatea beneficiarilor nu bat la
ztoare vrstei lor, care ine de educaia se- u i nu solicit acordul de a intra n odi.
xual i planificarea familiei, precum i ofe- Spre exemplu, nemijlocit n timpul vizitei,
rirea mijloacelor necesare pentru realizarea care s-a efectuat n timpul orelor linitite
acestor drepturi. Mai mult dect att, statul dup prnz, n perioada cnd muli benefici-
recunoate, reglementeaz i garanteaz ari se odihneau sau chiar dormeau, perso-
drepturile persoanelor la reproducere, care nalul care nsoea reprezentanii Centrului
snt o parte integrant a drepturilor omu- pentru Drepturile Omului deschidea uile i
lui168 i decurg din dreptul constituional intra n saloane, trezea sau deranja oamenii.
la respectarea i ocrotirea vieii intime, fa- S-a observat c unii beneficiari mani-
miliale i private. Contrar acestor garanii, fest inferioritate i fric n raport cu in-
femeile care i duc viaa n internatele firmierii. Dei muli au afirmat c n anu-
psihoneurologice snt lipsite de dreptul la mite situaii snt btui sau legai de pat,
reproducere. Dei beneficiarilor instituiilor infirmierele i asistentele medicale neag
rezideniale nu li se interzice s creeze cu- categoric acest lucru i spun c nu recurg
pluri i s decid asupra modului de via nici ntr-un caz la mijloace care restrng
pe care l duc n comun, administraia in- libertatea de micare a beneficiarilor
ternatelor psihoneurologice depune efort agresivi sau agitai. Semnele vizibile de
considerabil pentru prevenirea sarcinilor violen fizic snt justificate prin certuri-
le ntre beneficiari, cderile sau loviturile
168
Legea cu privire la ocrotirea sntii reproducti- ntmpltoare. De altfel, constatrile fcu-
ve i planificarea familial nr. 185 din 24.05.2001.
103
CAPITOLUL II
te la faa locului, coroborate cu declaraiile l cu privire la cauzarea suferinelor fizice

unor persoane cu care s-a discutat n ori psihice, care reprezint tratament inu-
timpul vizitelor, ridic serioase semne de man sau degradant.
ntrebare privind gradul de protecie m- n urma vizitelor efectuate n interna-
potriva torturii i relelor tratamente oferit
tele psihoneurologice aflate n subordinea

de ctre stat beneficiarilor internatului Ministerului Muncii, Proteciei Sociale i Fa-
psihoneurologic. Or, lipsa unui control/ miliei se impune concluzia c statul nu de-
mecanism eficient de prevenire a violenei pune suficiente eforturi pentru ca instituii-
i abuzului din partea personalului fa de le rezideniale s fie locuri sigure att pentru
beneficiari i ntre beneficiari ofer sufici- beneficiari, ct i pentru angajai.
ente temeiuri pentru o bnuial rezonabi-
Recomandri:
Revizuirea Instruciunii despre modul de cazare a tutelailor n instituiile sociale din
subjurisdicia Ministerului Muncii, Proteciei Sociale i Familiei i a Regulamentu-
lui Cadru de funcionare a instituiilor psihoneurologice, astfel nct s fie excluse
discrepanele existente i s fie asigurat plenar respectarea drepturilor i libertilor
fundamentale ale omului;
Revizuirea politicii de cadre pentru a asigura un numr suficient de personal, pri-
mordial cel medical (medici de diferit profil, asistente medicale, infirmieri);
ntreprinderea de msuri pentru identificarea cauzelor i condiiilor ce favorizeaz
aplicarea relelor tratamente fa de beneficiari i a msurilor de contracarare a lor;
Identificarea posibilitilor de susinere a instruirii/perfecionrii continue a perso-
nalului, inclusiv a infirmierilor;
Renunarea la practica transferrii beneficiarilor n Secia cu regim nchis n calitate
de pedeaps;
Neadmiterea antrenrii beneficiarilor n activiti legate de meninerea cureniei,
fr de voina lor;
ntreprinderea msurilor minime necesare pentru a asigura condiii adecvate de trai
repararea ntreruptoarelor i prizelor, asigurarea iluminrii i aerisirii ncperilor,
repararea parchetului n holuri .a.;
Examinarea fiecrui caz de violen i apariie a leziunilor corporale cu anunarea
organelor de drept, dup caz;
Instituirea unei supravegheri stricte din partea administraiei i personalului medi-
cal calificat asupra personalului auxiliar, pentru a preveni relele tratamente asupra
beneficiarilor.
104
CAPITOLUL III

CAPITOLUL III
Respectarea drepturilor copilului
n Republica Moldova
1. Justiia juvenil
Sistemul de justiie pentru copii este n n prezent, n Republica Moldova nu
continuare un subiect prioritar pentru Re- exist un program bine structurat i efici-
publica Moldova. Importana este conferit ent de prevenire a delincvenei juvenile
de impactul pe care l are att asupra copii- care s corespund principiilor menionate
lor n conflict cu legea (minorii delincveni), mai sus. Programele existente snt limita-
ct i asupra copiilor n contact cu legea (mite deoarece se refer la aciuni destinate
norii victime sau martori). preveniri infraciunilor comise de minori
Cea mai eficient metod de comba- n special n perioada estival sau srbto-
tere a delincvenei juvenile este crearea rilor religioase i presupun supravegherea
unor programe eficiente de prevenire, care de ctre colaboratorii de poliie a locaiilor
s corespund prevederilor Rezoluiei nr. de divertisment etc. Astfel de aciuni ns
45/112 din 14 decembrie 1990 referitor la nu snt eficiente pentru prevenirea pe ter-
prevenirea i combaterea delincvenei ju- men lung a comportamentului delincvent
venile, adoptate de Adunarea General a n rndul minorilor, nu asigur mecanisme,
Organizaiei Naiunilor Unite, cunoscut dar nici cadru funcional pentru prevenirea
i sub denumirea de Principiile Naiunilor i combaterea delincvenei juvenile.
Unite pentru prevenirea delincvenei juve-
nile sau Principiile de la Riyadh.169
169
1. Prevenirea delincvenei juvenile este o 4. Implementarea prezentului principiu, n acord
parte important n prevenirea criminalitii n cu sistemele legale naionale, bunstarea
societate. Prin implicarea n sistemul legislativ, persoanelor tinere ncepnd de la copilrie va
adoptarea unor activiti sociale folositoare, trebui s fie fixat n orice programe de prevenire;
a unei orientri umaniste spre societate i 5. Nevoia pentru politicile de prevenire progresiv
nu egoist, persoanele tinere pot dezvolta o a delincvenei juvenile i studierea n mod
atitudine necriminogen; sistematic precum i elaborarea msurilor ce
2. Succesul n prevenirea delincvenei juvenile cere trebuie recunoscute. Acestea ar trebui pentru
eforturi din partea ntregii societi s asigure dezvoltarea copilului nsui s evite incriminarea
o dezvoltare armonioas a adolescenilor, cu i penalizarea acestuia pentru un comportament
respect pentru propria personalitate nc din care nu a avut urmri grave.
copilrie; 6. Serviciile i programele comunitii ar trebui
3.
Pentru scopurile interpretrii prezentelor s realizeze prevenirea delincvenei juvenile
principii orientarea unui copil trebuie s fie acionnd ca un factor activ. Instituiile legale sau
influenat. Persoanele tinere trebuie s aib un cele de control vor fi utilizate numai ca ultim
rol activ, s fie n parteneriat cu societatea i s soluie.
nu fie considerai ca i obiecte ale socializrii sau
controlului;
105
Respectarea drepturilor copilului n Republica Moldova CAPITOLUL III
Infraciunile comise de minori pe parcursul anului 2012

art. 145 CP Omor intenionat 14
art. 151 CP - Vtmarea intenionat grav a integritii corporale sau a sntii 11
art. 152 CP - Vtmarea intenionat medie a integritii corporale sau a sntii 13
art. 155 CP - Ameninarea cu omor ori cu vtmarea grav a integritii corporale 4
sau a sntii
art. 164 CP Rpirea unei persoane 6
art. 171 CP - Violul 35
art. 172 CP Aciunile violente cu caracter sexual 13
art. 174 CP Raportul sexual cu o persoan care nu a mplinit vrsta de 16 ani 18
art. 175 CP Aciuni perverse 7
art. 186 CP - Furtul 1622
art. 187 CP - Jaful 108
art. 188 CP - Tlhria 43
art. 190 CP - Escrocheria 19
art. 192 CP Pungia 7
art. 179 CP Violarea de domiciliu 17
art. 192/1 CP Rpirea mijlocului de transport 30
art. 197 CP Distrugerea sau deteriorarea intenionat a bunurilor 1
art. 199 CP - Dobndirea sau comercializarea bunurilor despre care se tie c au fost 3
obinute pe cale criminal
art. 217 CP - Circulaia ilegal a substanelor narcotice, psihotrope sau a 38
analoagelor lor fr scop de nstrinare
art. 222 CP - Profanarea mormintelor 2
art. 264 CP - nclcarea regulilor de securitate a circulaiei sau de exploatare a 5
mijloacelor de transport de ctre persoana care conduce mijlocul de transport
art. 264/1 CP - Conducerea mijlocului de transport n stare de ebrietate alcoolic cu 7
grad avansat sau n stare de ebrietate produs de alte substane
art. 269 CP - nclcarea regulilor privind meninerea ordinii i securitatea circulaiei 1
art. 287 CP - Huliganismul 70
art. 290 CP - Purtarea, pstrarea, procurarea, fabricarea, repararea sau 2
comercializarea ilegal a armelor i muniiilor, sustragerea lor
art. 311 CP Denunarea fals 1
art. 328 CP - Excesul de putere sau depirea atribuiilor de serviciu 1
art. 362 CP Trecerea ilegal a frontierei de stat 12
n urma analizei statisticilor oficiale pri- au comis infraciuni nu snt ncadrai n sis-
vitor la delincvena juvenil, s-a constatat temul educaional i n cmpul muncii. Cei
c cele mai multe infraciuni comise de c- mai muli minori delincveni snt cu vrsta
tre minori snt furturile i jafurile, urmate la cuprins ntre 16-17 ani (circa 70% din to-
o distan mai mare de infraciuni precum talul de infraciuni), urmai de categoria de
huliganismul, infraciunile privind viaa se- vrst 14-15 ani (circa 27% din totalul de in-
xual i infraciunile privind circulaia ilega- fraciuni) i ntr-o msur mai mic - minorii
l a drogurilor. Majoritatea minorilor care sub vrsta de 14 ani (circa 3% din totalul de
106
CAPITOLUL III

infraciuni). n marea majoritate a cazurilor la faza urmririi penale, dintre care 47 - n
minorii comit infraciuni pentru prima dat. temeiul art. 54 i art. 104 Cod penal al Re-
Acetia provin n special din familii vulnera- publicii Moldova, care prevd eliberarea de
bile, monoparentale, minorii rmai fr su- rspundere penal a minorilor cu aplicarea
pravegherea prinilor i minori din familii msurilor de constrngere n scop educativ,
cu muli copii. Astfel, analiza criminologic preponderent sub form de ncredinare a
a fenomenului dovedete c unul dintre minorului pentru supraveghere prinilor,
factorii care determin comportamentul persoanelor care i nlocuiesc sau organelor
deviant n rndul minorilor este situaia specializate de stat i avertisment. Avocatul
material precar. Circa 80% din totalul de parlamentar consider c aceast procedu-
infraciuni snt comise de ctre minorii din r este una formal i n realitate suprave-
aceast categorie social. Prin urmare statul gherea minorilor nu are loc.
ar trebui s depun eforturi pentru asigura- Nici pe parcursul anului 2012 nu a fost
rea bunstrii persoanelor tinere, aa cum soluionat problema ce ine de crearea
prevd i Principiile de la Riyadh. unei instituii specializate n reeducarea i
Totodat, rmn a fi un motiv de ngri- resocializarea copiilor care au comis infrac-
jorare i infraciunile privind viaa sexual, iuni, dar care nu pot fi atrai la rspundere
precum i cele privind circulaia ilegal a penal. Acest vid persist din anul 2010,
drogurilor. Dup cum s-a constatat, victime odat cu nchiderea colii internat pentru
ale acestor tipuri de infraciuni snt cu pre- copii cu devieri de comportament din loca-
cdere copiii rmai fr de supravegherea litatea Solone, raionul Soroca, care nu co-
prinilor. respundea standardelor n domeniu.
Prevederile Rezoluiei accentueaz ne- Un mecanism eficient de evitare a revic-
cesitatea consolidrii eforturilor societii, a timizrii minorului n cadrul procesului de
rolului comunitii n influenarea orientrii audiere snt camerele speciale de audiere
copilului, precum i dezvoltarea serviciilor a minorilor victime sau martori ai infraciu-
i programelor comunitare. Cu regret, tre- nilor. Utilizarea lor n rile dezvoltate a de-
buie s menionm c programele comu- monstrat o bun experien n acest sens.
nitare, precum cele sportive, culturale sau Avocatul parlamentar apreciaz aciunile
oricare alte activiti, care ar avea drept autoritilor de consolidare a acestui me-
scop cultivarea unui mod sntos de via a canism.
tinerilor, stabilirea unui mediu favorabil de
socializare ntre tineri, a unor relaii inter- 2. Dreptul la nvtur
personale sntoase, snt slab dezvoltate170.
Totodat, dei recidiva are o pondere 2.1. Reforma structural
mult mai sczut n rndul tinerilor care co- n nvmnt
mit infraciuni, consolidarea sistemului de
probaiune ar putea contribui n mod sub- Reforma structural n nvmnt este
stanial la reintegrarea n societate a per- unul dintre cele mai importante subiecte
soanelor aflate n conflict cu legea. ale anului 2011 i 2012 n domeniul drep-
Conform statisticilor oficiale171, din to- turilor copilului.
talul cauzelor penale, 946 - au fost ncetate O analiz a modului de implementare
a reformei structurale n nvmnt a fost
Dei conform prevederilor art. 14, lit. v) din Legea
170
cuprins n Raportul privind respectarea
privind administraia public local nr. 436- XVI, drepturilor omului pentru anul 2011. n
din 28.12.2006 una din competenele de baz ale anul 2012 au fost solicitate date suplimen-
consiliilor locale este de a contribui la organiza-
rea de activiti culturale, artistice, sportive i de tare pentru a realiza o analiz mai ampl i
agrement de interes local, aceste prevederi rmn pentru a monitoriza evoluiile n domeniu.
n mare parte doar la nivel de legislaie. Astfel, s-a constatat c aproximativ 74%
Date oferite de Procuratura General la solicita-
171
(sau 128) dintre instituiile cuprinse de re-
rea avocatului parlamentar.
107
form au fost reorganizate, iar 26% (sau 45) Avocatul parlamentar contientizeaz
- au fost nchise172. c aceast reform este necesar pentru a
La capitolul resurse umane, aproxima- asigura accesul copiilor, n special a celor
tiv 20% (sau 258 persoane) dintre angajai din mediul rural, la un proces educaional
au fost transferai, 7% (sau 88 persoane) de calitate. De cealalt parte ns, autorit-
- recalificai, i 73% (sau 917 persoane) ile trebuie s se asigure c implementarea
- disponibilizai. Dintre angajaii disponi- reformei are o acoperire financiar real i
bilizai 34% (sau 313 persoane) constituie n procesul realizrii acesteia nu se va admi-
personalul tehnic, iar 66% (sau 604 persoa- te lezarea drepturilor persoanelor disponi-
ne) - personalul didactic. Disponibilizarea bilizate, a copiilor sau prinilor.
personalului didactic a fost realizat din ur-
mtoarele motive: 49% (sau 298 persoane) 2.2. Vaccinarea obligatorie
au fost disponibilizate pe motivul atingerii
vrstei de pensionare, 12% (sau 71 persoa- n anul 2012 problema privind condii-
ne) - n urma depunerii cererii personale de onarea admiterii copiilor n instituiile edu-
concediere, i 39 % (sau 235 persoane) - ca caionale i de recreere de faptul vaccinrii
urmare direct a implementrii reformei173. lor profilactice a fost un subiect important
i de rezonan. Aceast norm este prev-
Referitor la asigurarea deplasrii copii-
zut n alin. (6), art. 52 din Legea privind su-
lor la colile de circumscripie, am constatat
pravegherea de stat a sntii publice nr.
c zilnic 9 243 copii au nevoie s mearg la
10 din 03.02.2009.
studii cu uniti de transport. n acest scop,
conform datelor oferite de ctre APL, la mo- n adresrile ctre avocatul parlamen-
mentul colectrii lor erau necesare aproxi- tar, prinii ai cror copii nu au fost admii
mativ 231 uniti de transport, ns APL dis- n instituiile de nvmnt pe motiv c
puneau doar de 207 de uniti de transport, acetia nu snt vaccinai afirm c refuzul
dintre care 104 (sau 50%) snt oferite de c- lor de a imuniza copiii este determinat fie
tre APC, 41 uniti de transport (sau 20%) de lipsa siguranei privind calitatea vacci-
- de ctre APL i 62 uniti de transport (sau nurilor i de posibilele reacii adverse, fie
30%) snt nchiriate. de convingerile religioase sau lipsa unei
informri complexe privind ngrijorrile le-
n baza celor expuse mai sus, avocatul
gate de vaccinare i avantajele ei, obinerea
parlamentar atrage atenia asupra proble-
consimmntului pentru vaccinarea prin
melor legate de asigurarea deplasrii copii-
impunerea anumitor condiii. De aseme-
lor ctre colile de circumscripie, din cauza
nea, prinii consider c prevederea legal
faptului c APL-urile nu dispun de numrul
menionat le limiteaz considerabil drep-
necesar de uniti de transport. Totodat
tul de a lua decizii privind sntatea copii-
numrul mare a cadrelor didactice dispo-
lor, de a-i asuma responsabilitatea pentru
nibilizate, n special n temeiul cererii per-
sntatea copiilor prin vaccinare, nevac-
sonale de concediere i ca urmare direct a
cinare sau vaccinarea selectiv, n funcie
implementrii reformei, solicit un control
de particularitile individuale ale fiecrui
riguros din partea instituiilor abilitate pen-
copil.
tru a nu admite abuzuri sau presiuni care ar
duce la lezarea dreptului la munc a per- Prin aceast dispoziie legal legiuitorul
soanelor disponibilizate. a instituit n mod nejustificat restrngerea
dreptului la nvtur a unui grup minori-
tar - copiilor nevaccinai i a neglijat prin-
http://ombudsman.md/file/MNPT%20PDF/Ra-
172
cipiul obligativitii nvmntului general.
port%20tematic%20%20REFORMA%20IN%20
INVATAMANT%202222.pdf
Aceast restrngere nu este conform pre-
vederilor art. 35, alin. (1) din Constituie i
Informaie acumulat de la direciile raionale/
173
municipale de nvmnt. nu este proporional cu situaia care a de-

terminat-o, fapt ce aduce atingere substan-
ei acestui drept.
108
CAPITOLUL III

Avocatul parlamentar consider c n riere n funcie de gradul de uzur i costul
legislaia naional exist suficiente pr- integral ale fiecrui manual174.
ghii pentru a garanta asigurarea menine-
rii sntii populaiei, responsabilitatea Fiindc un copil era educat ntr-o
nemijlocit pentru sntatea copiilor re- familie monoparental, dup nma-
venindu-le, n primul rnd, prinilor sau tricularea n clasa a V-a, mama aces-
altor reprezentani legali ai lor. Totodat, n tuia nu a avut posibilitatea de a achi-
opinia avocatului parlamentar, consolida- ta taxele colare pentru primele dou
rea ncrederii populaiei n programele de luni din anul colar. Aa au nceput
imunizare a copiilor i n avantajele vacci- presiunile asupra copilului, care au
nrii, formarea profesional a personalului determinat comportament agresiv,
medical pentru imunizarea copiilor, utili- reuit slab, etc. n luna decembrie,
zarea vaccinurilor inovatoare i eficiente, din motivele deja menionate, mino-
n cumul cu prevederile legislaiei, permit rul a refuzat s mearg la ore. Ulteri-
organizarea supravegherii de stat a sn- or copilul a fost transferat ntr-o alt
tii fr a respinge un drept fundamen- instituie de nvmnt.
tal - dreptul la nvtur, asigurat la nivel
constituional prin nvmntul general Se subvenioneaz integral (100%) de la
obligatoriu. bugetul de stat doar planuri i programe de
Asigurarea unui just echilibru ntre studii pentru toate instituiile de nvmnt;
nevoia de a proteja interesul general, pe manuale i alte cri didactice ce in de pre-
de o parte, i drepturile fundamentale ale gtirea copiilor pentru coal; manuale, ma-
individului, pe de alt parte, revine au- teriale didactice, atlase i hri pentru elevii
toritilor statului. Msura special luat colilor-internat de toate tipurile; manuale i
de Republica Moldova pentru asigurarea alte cri didactice pentru nvmntul pri-
supravegherii sntii publice i protec- mar din colile de toate tipurile175.
ia interesului general vine n detrimentul Parial de la bugetul de stat se subven-
interesului superior al copilului i nu ps- ioneaz editarea manualelor n limba bul-
treaz acest echilibru just, n baza cruia gar, gguz i ucrainean, n calitate de
Curtea European a Drepturilor Omului a manual de limba matern, n modul stabilit
determinat obiectivele Conveniei pentru de Ministerul Educaiei de comun acord cu
aprarea drepturilor omului i a libertilor Ministerul Finanelor.
fundamentale.
Conform prevederilor punctului 4 din
Hotrrea de Guvern numit anterior, orga-
2.3. nchirierea manualelor nele administraiei publice locale stabilesc
copiilor din familiile social-vulnerabile in-
Art. 35, alin. (4) din Constituia Republi- demnizaii speciale pentru achitarea taxei
cii Moldova prevede c nvmntul de stat de nchiriere a manualelor i prevd n buge-
este gratuit. tul local sumele necesare pentru acoperirea
Cu toate acestea, conform Hotrrii parial de pn la 70% a scutirilor de aceast
Guvernului nr. 448 din 09.04.98, Cu privi- tax. Contingentul care va beneficia de nles-
re la asigurarea cu manuale a elevilor din niri la taxa de nchiriere a manualelor nu va
nvmntul primar, gimnazial i liceal, n- depi 20% din numrul total al elevilor.
cepnd cu anul de studii 1998- 1999, pentru 174
Punctul 2, subpunctul 5) din Hotrrea Guvernu-
elevii din nvmntul gimnazial i liceal a
lui cu privire la asigurarea cu manuale a elevilor
fost introdus sistemul de nchiriere a manu- din nvmntul primar, gimnazial i liceal nr.
alelor. Anual, pentru fiecare manual, Minis- 448 din 09.04.98.
terul Educaiei, n coordonare cu Ministerul Punctul 2, subpunctul 1) din Hotrrea Guvernu-
175
Finanelor i Ministerul Muncii, Proteciei lui cu privire la asigurarea cu manuale a elevilor

Sociale i Familiei, stabilete taxa de nchi- din nvmntul primar, gimnazial i liceal nr.
448 din 09.04.98.
109
n temeiul Hotrrii Guvernului cu pri- asigure anonimatul donatorilor pentru a nu

vire la asigurarea cu manuale a elevilor din putea fi identificai prinii care nu achit
nvmntul primar i gimnazial nr. 448 din taxele sau cei care contribuie n funcie de
09. 04. 1998 (cu modificrile ulterioare), posibiliti. O astfel de abordare ar elimina
anexa nr. 2, punctul 5, ministrul Educaiei a prghiile de constrngere asupra prinilor,
emis Ordinul nr. 400 din 23.05.2012, privind garantnd totodat un tratament egal i ne-
aprobarea plilor de nchiriere a manuale- discriminatoriu fa de copiii acestora.
lor pentru nvmntul gimnazial i liceal
n anul de studii 2012-2013.
2.5. Educaia incluziv
Avocatul parlamentar este de prerea
c Ordinul nr. 400 din 23.05.2012 al minis-
Constituia Republicii Moldova i Le-
trului Educaiei, precum i Hotrrea Guver-
gea nvmntului176 garanteaz dreptul
nului nr. 448 din 09. 04. 1998, n temeiul
la nvtur, indiferent de naionalitate,
creia a fost emis acest Ordin, contravin n
sex, vrst, de origine i stare social, de
mod evident prevederilor Constituiei, iar
apartenen politic sau religioas, de an-
acest subiect va fi examinat pe parcursul
tecedente penale ale beneficiarului de edu-
anului 2013.
caie. Statul asigur anse egale de acces n
instituiile de nvmnt de toate nivelurile
2.4 . Taxele colare
i treptele, n funcie de aptitudini i capa-
citi.
Problema taxelor colare a fost una de
Concomitent, dreptul copiilor cu dizabi-
actualitate i n anul 2012. Dei autorit-
liti este stipulat i n art. 23 din Convenia
ile declar c taxele colare snt donaii
ONU cu privire la drepturile copilului, unde
benevole ale prinilor, n realitate prinii
se prevede c recunoscnd nevoile specia-
snt constrni prin diferite metode s le
le ale copilului cu handicap, asistena extin-
achite. Primul pas este forarea prinilor
s va fi gratuit de fiecare dat cnd este po-
de a deveni membri ai asociaiilor prin-
sibil, innd cont de resursele financiare ale
teti, sub pretextul dreptului la asociere.
prinilor lui sau ale celor care l ngrijesc i
De obicei, aceasta este o condiie premer-
ca s fie conceput astfel nct s asigure ca
gtoare nscrierii copilului la o instituie de
orice copil cu handicap s aib acces efectiv
nvmnt. Conform statutului asociaiilor,
la educaie...
printre obligaiile membrilor este i achita-
rea unor mijloace financiare, care snt sta- n contextul prevederilor constituiona-
bilite de consiliul printesc al instituiei de le dar i al angajamentelor asumate de c-
nvmnt. tre Republica Moldova odat cu ratificarea
Conveniei, Guvernul Republicii Moldova
Un al doilea pas n constrngerea p-
a aprobat Programul de dezvoltare a edu-
rinilor este stigmatizarea copiilor, prin in-
caiei incluzive pentru anii 2011-2020177,
fluenarea reuitei la nvtur. Astfel de
prin care educaia incluziv este plasat n
cazuri au fost examinate de ctre avoca-
rndul prioritilor educaionale. Programul
tul parlamentar n anii precedeni.
respectiv urmeaz a fi implementat n trei
Avnd n vedere faptul c propunerile etape: a) 2011-2012 - elaborarea cadrului
Ministerului Educaiei de a interzice impli- normativ de dezvoltare a educaiei inclu-
carea cadrelor didactice n colectarea do- zive; b) 2013-2016 - aplicarea modelelor de
naiilor sau aprobarea Regulamentului cu
privire la cooperarea instituiilor de nv-
mnt cu asociaiile obteti nu snt soluii 176
Art. 6 din Legea nvmntului nr. 547- XIII din
viabile care ar rezolva definitiv aceast pro- 21.07. 95.
blem, avocatul parlamentar reitereaz re- Hotrrea Guvernului cu privire la aprobarea Pro-
177
comandrile sale anterioare referitor la ela- gramului de dezvoltare a educaiei incluzive n

Republica Moldova pentru anii 2011-2020 nr. 523
borarea unor mecanisme eficiente, care s din 11.07.2011.
110
CAPITOLUL III

educaie incluziv; c) 2017-2020 - realizarea ctre avocatul parlamentar178 , doar 2% (48
la scar larg a Programului. instituii) dintre instituiile de nvmnt
Documentul prevede asigurarea con- monitorizate erau adaptate pentru accesul
diiilor de incluziune a copiilor dezinsti- persoanelor cu dizabiliti, n timp ce 98%
tuionalizai din nvmntul rezidenial, (1882 instituii) dintre acestea nu asigurau
precum i colarizarea copiilor cu cerine condiii de acces pentru categoria vizat de
educaionale speciale n instituiile de nv- persoane.
mnt general. n conformitate cu Ordinul
Ministerului Educaiei nr. 739 din 15 august 3. Protejarea copilului
2011, modelul de educaie incluziv urma a
fi implementat n instituiile de nvmnt
mpotriva abuzului
din raioanele Floreti i Ialoveni.
Prin prevederile articolul 24, alin. (1)
Consolidarea capacitilor resurselor
din Constituia Republicii Moldova, statul
umane ce vor fi implicate n organizarea
garanteaz fiecrui om dreptul la via i
procesului educaional incluziv constituie
la integritatea fizic i psihic. De aseme-
o condiie necesar pentru succesul aces-
nea, potrivit prevederilor Conveniei ONU
tui proces. n acest scop, pentru managerii
cu privire la drepturile copilului, statul are
colari, directorii adjunci pentru educaie
obligaia de a proteja copilul de toate for-
i psihologii din instituiile de nvmnt
mele de violen, vtmare ori abuz fizic
general au fost organizate seminare meto-
sau mintal, de neglijare, rele tratamente,
dologice. n cadrul acestora participanii au
inclusiv abuz sexual179.
fost instruii referitor la metodologia educa-
iei incluzive, rolul cadrelor manageriale i Abuzul asupra copiilor este n continua-
al celor didactice n promovarea i aplicarea re o problem major aflat n atenia avo-
principiilor educaiei incluzive. Totodat, n catului parlamentar. n rapoartele anterioa-
cadrul seminarelor snt organizate ateliere re ombudsmanul s-a expus pe marginea
de lucru pentru abordarea aspectelor prac- unor diferite forme de abuz.
tice referitor la educaia incluziv. Violena n coal este un fenomen care
Egalitatea drepturilor i a anselor, inte- ia amploare sub forme mai puin atepta-
resul superior al copilului, nondiscrimina- te. Bunoar, snt n cretere raporturile
rea, valorificarea diferenelor dintre copii, de violen elev-profesor. Dup numrul
intervenia timpurie, individualizarea pro- de cazuri acestea snt depite doar de ra-
cesului de educaie snt reperele funda- porturile de violen elev-elev, dar au fost
mentale n organizarea procesului educai- atestate mai multe dect raporturile de vi-
onal incluziv. olen profesor-elev. Avocatul parlamentar
consider c fenomenul violenei n coal,
Avocatul parlamentar apreciaz iniia-
n special atunci cnd agresorul este elevul,
tiva autoritilor de a intensifica eforturile
poate fi combtut prin acordarea asistenei
menite s contribuie la realizarea prevede-
psihologice calificate, la nivel de instituie
rile Conveniei ONU cu privire la drepturile
de nvmnt pentru prevenire-depistare
copilului. Totodat, prin prisma respectrii
i soluionare a cazurilor facile, iar pentru
dreptului la nvtur, acest program va
cazurile mai complexe, prin crearea centre-
contribui la eliminarea oricror forme de
lor regionale de acordare a asistenei psiho-
discriminare a copiilor cu dizabiliti. Este
logice. Aceste centre regionale ar putea fi o
foarte important i dezvoltarea unei infra-
soluie de alternativ mecanismelor prev-
structuri adaptate necesitilor persoanelor
zute n alin. (7), art. 43 din Legea nvmn-
cu dizabiliti n ntreaga reea a instituii-
lor de nvmnt. Reamintim c, potrivit http://www.ombudsman.md/file/RAPOAR-
178
rezultatelor unei monitorizri realizate de TE%20TEMATICE%20PDF/acces%20educa-

tie%20FINAL.pdf
Articolul 19 din Convenia ONU cu privire la
179
drepturile copilului.
111
tului nr. 547-XIII din 21 iulie 1995180, care ar este cel mai greu de documentat. n opinia
trebui s presteze aceste servicii psihologi- specialitilor este dificil de apreciat adev-
ce, s elaboreze programe speciale (de ti- rata amploare a fenomenului n condiiile
pul grupurilor de sprijin reciproc) destinate n care multe dintre cazuri nu snt declarate
profesorilor i altor angajai ai instituiilor nici de victime i nici de ctre martori, din
preuniversitare, cu scopul meninerii unui cauza fricii pe care o au fa de abuzator
climat nonviolent. Acestea ns n realitate sau a temerilor victimei de a fi stigmatiza-
n mare parte nu snt funcionale181. t. n unele cazuri, n care victima provine
Violena n familie este un fenomen so- dintr-o familie vulnerabil, a crei prinii
cial n care copiii n cele mai multe cazuri duc un mod de via amoral sau fac abuz
snt victime colaterale. n privina acestui de alcool, se constat c minorii devin i
subiect trebuie s menionm c cea mai victime ale incontienei prinilor care ac-
viabil soluie de combatere a fenomenului cept nelegeri financiare pentru a retrage
este informarea continu a populaiei des- plngerea depus mpotriva abuzatorului.
pre drepturile sale i acordarea de asisten n opinia avocatului parlamentar, n astfel
social i psihologic familiilor n care au de situaii copiii se simt abandonai, trdai,
loc acte de violen, pentru a contribui la pierd respectul fa de sine, ceea ce duce
schimbarea percepiei fenomenului violen- la consecine psihologice grave, respectiv
ei n familie. pericol iminent pentru viaa i dezvoltarea
copilului.
Totodat, rmne a fi valabil problema
izolrii agresorului de victime. Dei conform n cadrul examinrii unui caz privind
cadrului legal instana poate decide asupra abuzul sexual asupra unei minore, avocatul
necesitii instituirii ordonanei de protec- parlamentar a constatat c aciunile abuza-
ie, aplicarea acestei msuri este ngreunat torului au fost recalificate de ctre procuror
din lipsa unui loc de plasament al abuzato- din categoria infraciunilor deosebit de gra-
rului. n aceste condiii, abuzatorul rmne ve n infraciuni mai puin grave. Dei abu-
n cele mai multe cazuri s locuiasc alturi zatorul i-a recunoscut vina, aciunile pro-
de victimele sale. n acelai context, aten- curorului au permis aplicarea prevederilor
ionm c att din considerente metodolo- art. 109 Cod penal182 , n al cror temei s-a
gice, ct i financiare este mult mai raional dispus ncetarea urmririi penale. Aciunile
ca n centre specializate pentru reabilitare procurorului i-au trezit suspiciuni avocatu-
s fie plasat abuzatorul i nu victimele, iar lui parlamentar. n special avnd n vedere
concomitent s fie examinat necesitatea faptul c minora provenea dintr-o familie
obligrii agresorului s urmeze tratamentul vulnerabil, iar mama ei fcea abuz de al-
ce se impune. cool. Ombudsmanul a solicitat Procuratu-
rii Generale verificarea legalitii deciziilor
Una dintre cele mai grave forme de
emise n cadrul efecturii urmririi penale i
abuz asupra copilului este cu siguran
atenionarea procurorilor asupra atribuiilor
abuzul sexual. Asta din cauza consecine-
ce le revin, n special la examinarea cauze-
lor grave asupra dezvoltrii copilului i in-
tegritii sale psihice. Aceast categorie de mpcarea. (1) mpcarea este actul de nltu-
182
abuz este considerat grav i pe motiv c rare a rspunderii penale pentru o infraciune
uoar sau mai puin grav, iar n cazul minorilor
i pentru o infraciune grav, infraciuni prevzu-
cabinete metodice, centre metodico-psihopedago-
180
te la capitolele IIVI din Partea special, precum
gice, servicii psihologice, inspectorate pentru pro- i n cazurile prevzute de procedura penal.
tecia copilului i comisii medico-psihopedagogice, (2) mpcarea este personal i produce efecte
subordonate direciilor de nvmnt, a cror juridice din momentul pornirii urmririi pena-
structur i atribuii se stabilesc prin regulamen- le i pn la retragerea completului de judecat
te aprobate de Guvern, n cadrul Direciei Gene- pentru deliberare. (3) Pentru persoanele lipsite
rale nvmnt. de capacitate de exerciiu, mpcarea se face
http://ombudsman.md/file/RAPOARTE%20TE-
181
de reprezentanii lor legali. Cei cu capacitate de
MATICE%20PDF/Raport%20Tematic%20art.%20 exerciiu restrns se pot mpca cu ncuviinarea
43%20%20final.pdf persoanelor prevzute de lege.
112
CAPITOLUL III

lor penale cu implicarea victimelor minore. Asistentul social comunitar are un rol-
n rezultatul interveniei avocatului parla- cheie n depistarea copiilor rmai fr n-
mentar, prin ordonana prim-adjunctului grijire printeasc, n special a copiilor asu-
Procurorului general a fost anulat decizia pra crora nu a fost instituit nici o form de
de ncetare a urmririi penale, iar procurorul protecie, care snt i cei mai vulnerabili fa
care a instrumentat cauza penal i procu- de astfel de fenomene. Odat identificai,
rorul adjunct al raionului au fost sancionai aceti copii ar trebui s fie n vizorul institu-
disciplinar. Minora a beneficiat de asistena iilor de nvmnt cu care autoritatea tu-
psihologic recuperatorie necesar. telar ar trebui s colaboreze foarte strns,
dat fiind faptul c coala este un alt actor
3.1. Suicidul n rndul minorilor important n viaa copilului, reprezentanii
instituiilor de nvmnt interacionnd
zilnic cu copilul, ceea ce faciliteaz monito-
Tot mai frecvent snt mediatizate cazu-
rizarea strii de spirit al acestuia. Cu regret,
rile de suicid al minorilor. Conform datelor
dat fiind c mecanismele prevzute de art.
oficiale, n anul 2008 au fost nregistrate 15
43, alin. (7) din Legea nvmntului nu
cazuri de suicid n rndul minorilor, n anul
snt pe deplin funcionale, care presupun i
2009 10, n anul 2010 12 cazuri, n anul
pregtirea profesorilor pentru a contribui la
2011 18, iar n anul 2012 s-au nregistrat 26
depistarea timpurie i profilaxia devierilor
cazuri de suicid al copiilor.
emoionale i de conduit a elevilor, este
Potrivit specialitilor, faptele de suicid n
posibil ca o parte dintre cadrele didactice
rndurile minorilor snt cauzate de frmnt-
s nu dispun de cunotinele necesare
ri apstoare, deziluzii profunde, oc puter-
pentru realizarea unei astfel de sarcini. Tot-
nic, conflict emoional etc.
odat, att pentru prevenirea, ct i pentru
Actele de suicid snt determinate de profilaxia devierilor emoionale este nece-
dorina victimei de a sensibiliza prinii, sar prezena unui psiholog n coal, care
persoanele apropiate, prietenii/prietenele, s supravegheze asupra meninerii unei at-
gelozia fa de prieten/prieten, singurta- mosfere emoionale sntoase n instituie.
tea, marginalizarea sau ignorarea de ctre
n opinia avocatului parlamentar, o ast-
persoanele apropiate, interdiciile impuse
fel de abordare complex a problemei, care
de ctre reprezentanii legali etc. De cele
presupune conlucrarea strns i eficient
mai multe ori minorii comit actele de suicid
a tuturor autoritilor la nivel comunitar,
prin administrarea excesiv a preparatelor
precum i consolidarea eforturilor ntregii
medicamentoase, strangularea, aruncarea
comuniti, reprezint o soluie viabil pen-
de la nlime.
tru soluionarea unor probleme sociale im-
innd cont de faptul c o parte dintre portante, precum este i suicidul n rndul
copiii care au svrit actele de suicid aveau minorilor.
prinii plecai peste hotare, conchidem c
n lipsa ngrijirii printeti minorii rmn fr
sprijinul necesar pentru a depi greutile 4. Dreptul la ocrotirea sntii
specifice vrstei lor. Este o dovad a faptu-
lui c serviciile existente care ar trebui s Potrivit art. 24 din Convenia ONU cu
reprezinte o alternativ ngrijirii printeti privire la drepturile copilului, statele pri
snt slab dezvoltate. n acest context, reve- recunosc dreptul copilului de a se bucura
nim asupra problemelor enunate i anteri- de cea mai bun stare de sntate posibi-
or de ctre avocatul parlamentar, i anume: l i de a beneficia de serviciile medicale i
funcionalitatea mecanismelor prevzute de recuperare. Statele pri vor urmri rea-
de art. 43, alin. (7) din Legea nvmntului, lizarea integral a acestui drept, i, n mod
lipsa psihologului n coal i prestaia ne- deosebit, vor lua msuri corespunztoare
corespunztoare a serviciilor de asisten pentru: reducerea mortalitii infantile,
social. asigurarea pentru toi copiii a asistenei
113
medicale i ngrijirii necesare de sntate, superior al copilului, avocatul parlamentar

accentul fiind pus pe dezvoltarea msurilor a naintat o aciune civil n instana de ju-
primare de ocrotire a sntii, combaterea decat, dar examinarea cauzei civile a fost
maladiilor i malnutriiei n cadrul msurilor suspendat deoarece nu este finalizat ur-
mrirea penal.
Un copil de doar 4 ani a fost nevoit Cu regret, n cazurile de nclcare din
s sufere 20 de zile dureri insupor- neglijen a regulilor i metodelor de acor-
tabile deoarece medicii nu l-au dia- dare a asistenei medicale, examinate de
gnosticat corect. n rezultatul unei c- ctre avocatul parlamentar, urmrile asupra
deri din scrnciob, fetia i-a fracturat copiilor au fost grave i foarte grave, de la
mna. n aceiai zi prinii au chemat stabilirea incorect a diagnozei183 i pn la
ambulana i micua a fost transpor- deces184.
tat la Spitalul pentru copii nr. 3. Aici Unul dintre cazurile de rezonan a fost
minora a fost supus examinrii radi- cel al elevilor gimnaziului din satul Blata,
ografice. Ulterior medicul a recoman- r. Criuleni, referitor la efectuarea testului
dat pacientului aplicarea de bandaj tuberculinic (proba Mantoux 2 UT). Dup
elastic, unguent i consumarea unui efectuarea testului, un numr mare de co-
sirop timp de 10 zile. Deoarece copi- pii au manifestat reacii adverse. Din cauza
lul avea dureri, prinii au consultat acestoa, 18 dintre elevii supui testului au
minorul la un alt medic, repetnd exa- fost internai n Secia reanimare a Institu-
menul radiologic. n urma examinrii tului de Cercetri tiinifice n Domeniul
repetate, medicul a stabilit fractura Ocrotirii Sntii Mamei i Copilului din
osului. La 20 de zile de la comiterea mun. Chiinu.
incidentului copilul a suportat o in-
tervenie chirurgical de urgen. Avocatul parlamentar a efectuat o vizi-
Examinnd plngerea mamei i mate- ta n localitatea Blata i a discutat cu co-
rialele anexate, avocatul parlamen- piii implicai n acest caz i prinii acestora.
tar a solicitat implicarea Ministerului Din spusele lor, prinii nu au fost informai
Sntii i a organelor procuraturii despre realizarea testului, acesta fiind re-
n investigarea acestui caz. Astfel, s-a alizat cu seringi obinuite i nu cu cele je-
obinut sancionarea disciplinar a tabile autoblocante, cum este prevzut de
medicului ce nu a diagnosticat corect normele n vigoare. Din aceast cauz se
copilul, iar organele procuraturii au presupune c a aprut o eroare de dozare,
pornit urmrirea penal potrivit indi- ceea ce a provocat unor copii reacii adver-
cilor infraciunii prevzui de art. 213 se la unii copii.
Cod Penal, i anume nclcarea din Solicitat s vin cu explicaii pe margi-
neglijen a regulilor i metodelor de nea acestui caz, Ministerul Sntii, n rs-
acordare a asistenei medicale.
http://ombudsman.md/md/newslst/1211/1/5917/
183
184
http://ziar.jurnal.md/2012/11/09/%E2%80%9Eof-
ne-mananca-puscaria%E2%80%9D/
primare de ocrotire a sntii... http://www.protv.md/stiri/social/anestezicul-ad-
Pe parcursul anului 2012, avocatul par- ministrat-copilului-decedat-pe-masa-de-opera-
tie.html
lamentar a examinat 7 cazuri referitor la
http://www.publika.md/viata-distrusa-la-nastere-
nclcarea din neglijen a regulilor i me- -o-mama-nu-se-poate-bucura-de-zambetul-pro-
todelor de acordare a asistenei medicale, priului-copil_899741.html
solicitndu-se concursului organelor procu- http://www.jurnal.md/ro/news/avocatul-
raturii. Ulterior n toate cazurile a fost porni- parlamentar-al-copilului-a-vizitat-satul-bal-
t urmrirea penal. ata-219755/
http://www.prime.md/ro/news/un-copil-de-
De asemenea, acionnd n interesul patru-luni-a-decedat-la-o-zi-dupa-vaccina-
re-2012396/
114
CAPITOLUL III

punsul oferit avocatului parlamentar, nea- de nivelul I186.
g aceste afirmaii, preciznd c procesul a Avocatul parlamentar consider c
fost realizat conform tuturor cerinelor n discrepana dintre datele pe care le dein
vigoare185. structurile de asisten social i autorit-
Avocatul parlamentar este ngrijorat de ile locale de nivelul I ar putea fi eliminate
seriozitatea i profesionalismul angajailor prin elaborarea unui sistem informaional
din sistemul de sntate, avnd n vedere unic, care ar permite generalizarea datelor
numrul n cretere al cazurilor de neres- despre copiii rmai fr ocrotire printeas-
pectare a regulilor i metodelor de acordare c, tutelai, adoptai sau aflai sub curatel,
a asistenei medicale admise de ctre ace- n mod centralizat i ar permite un control
tia. Un alt motiv de ngrijorare este faptul mai riguros att asupra veridicitii ct i co-
c nu snt cunoscute cazuri de sancionare respunderii conform prevederilor legale.
pentru erorile medicale comise sau necores- Totodat s-a stabilit c nu toate autoriti-
punderea sanciunilor cu gradul de gravita- le achitau indemnizaia n sum de 600 lei
te a acestora. conform noilor modificri187, dar continu-
au s achite indemnizaia n sum de 500
lei conform prevederilor anterioare. Un alt
5. Dreptul la asisten i protec- aspect ine de informarea comunitii privi-
ie social tor la formele de protecie a copiilor rmai
fr ngrijire printeasc i importana aces-
n urma examinrii plngerilor parveni- tor mecanisme n respectarea drepturilor
te n adresa CpDOM, s-a constatat c una copilului.
dintre problemele cu care se confrunt n cadrul efecturii analizei n cauz, au
cetenii ine de stabilirea i plata ndem- fost identificate i cazuri n care indemniza-
nizaiilor pentru copiii adoptai i cei aflai iile nu se achitau, dei solicitanii ntruneau
sub tutel/curatel. Asta n scopul asigurrii toate condiiile legale.
unui trai decent copiilor rmai fr ocrotire
Avocatul parlamentar consider c n
printeasc conform prevederilor Hotrrii
aceast situaie a fost lezat dreptul consti-
Guvernului cu privire la protecia copiilor i
tuional al copilului la asisten i protecie
a familiilor socialmente vulnerabile nr. 198
social consacrat prin art. 47 din Constituia
din 16 aprilie 1993.
Republicii Moldova, n al crui temei statul
Pentru a verifica starea de lucruri n este obligat s ia msuri pentru ca orice om
acest domeniu avocatul parlamentar a ini- s aib un nivel de trai decent.
iat monitorizarea pe acest segment a acti-
Totodat, potrivit articolului 27 alin. (4)
vitii autoritilor tutelare din unitatea teri-
al Conveniei ONU, statele pri snt obliga-
torial-administrativ oldneti. Informaia
te s ia msuri adecvate pentru a asigura
a fost solicitat att de la autoritile publice
recuperarea pensiei alimentare a copilului
locale de nivelul I, ct i de la autoritile
publice locale de nivelul II, pentru a verifica Atribuiile structurii de asisten social snt pre-
186
corectitudinea lor. vzute n art. 13 al Legii asistenei sociale nr. 547

S-a constatat c datele oferite de ctre din 25 decembrie 2003 i n Regulamentul-cadru
de organizare i funcionare a structurii teritori-
autoritile publice locale de nivelul I i ale de asisten social, aprobat prin Ordinul Mi-
autoritile publice locale de nivelul II snt nistrului Muncii, Proteciei Sociale i Familiei nr.
diferite, fapt ce a scos n eviden colabo- 024 din 08 decembrie 2009.
rarea slab i ineficient, precum i nende- Din 10 februarie 2012, a intrat n vigoare Hot-
187
plinirea atribuiilor n special de ctre auto- rrea Guvernului nr. 78 din 08 februarie 2012 cu
ritile publice locale de nivelul II, care snt privire la aprobarea modificrilor i completrilor
responsabile de coordonarea autoritilor ce se opereaz n unele Hotrri ale Guvernului,
conform creia prinilor adoptivi, tutorilor/cura-
torilor li se achita suma de 600 lei - ndemnizaie
Scrisoarea nr. 01-8/1188 din 29 mai 2012 semna-
185
lunar pentru fiecare copil aflat sub tutel, cura-
t de ministrul Sntii tel sau adoptat.
115
de la prinii si sau de la alte persoane care n contextul refuzului debitorului de a

au o rspundere financiar fa de el, indife- executa creana, executorii judectoreti au
rent dac se afl pe teritoriul lor sau n stri- naintat 20 de demersuri de atragere la rs-
ntate. n special, n cazurile n care persoa- pundere contravenional189 a debitorului
na ce are o rspundere financiar fa de un pentru neexecutarea hotrrii instanei de
copil triete ntr-un alt stat dect cel al co- judecat, iar drept urmare a neexecutrii
pilului, statele pri vor promova aderarea intenionate sau eschivrii de la executarea
la acorduri internaionale sau ncheierea de hotrrii instanei de judecat, dac aceasta
asemenea acorduri, precum i adoptarea a fost comis dup aplicarea sanciunii con-
altor aranjamente corespunztoare. travenionale, executorii judectoreti au
n urma adresrilor parvenite an de an naintat 16 demersuri.
de la ceteni, din care rezulta c achitarea Astfel, constatm c ponderea cazuri-
pensiilor de ntreinere este o problem lor soluionate privind ncasarea pensiei de
acut, astfel fiind lezat dreptul copilului la ntreinere a copilului minor este una redu-
un trai decent, avocatul parlamentar a ini- s, reprezentnd aproximativ 15,65% din
iat o investigaie, pentru a stabili condiiile totalul titlurilor de executare recepionate
care genereaz aceast situaie, dar i pen- de ctre executorii judectoreti. n opinia
tru identificarea soluiilor. avocatului parlamentar, aceast tendin
Astfel, n baza informaiilor obinute de reprezint o nclcare grav a dreptului co-
la instanele judectoreti, s-a constatat c pilului la un trai decent pentru c n multe
pe parcursul anilor 2010-2012, au fost de- situaii aceste mijloace financiare reprezin-
puse 5 876 de adresri privind ncasarea t i unica surs de existen pentru aceti
pensiei alimentare. Dup examinare, in- copii.
stana a decis emiterea a 1 444 ordonane
judectoreti de stabilire a pensiei de ntre- 6. Dreptul la opinie
inere i 3 500 de titluri executorii privind
ncasarea pensiei de ntreinere.
Studiile privind impactul televiziunii
Pentru a verifica gradul de realizare a
asupra dezvoltrii copilului au demonstrat
titlurilor executorii, avocatul parlamentar
c percepiile diferite pe care le-ar putea
a analizat datele oferite de 41 executori
avea copilul-telespectator variaz n funcie
judectoreti. S-a constatat c din totalul
de vrst, sex, mediu de reziden, uneori,
de 2 696 de titluri executorii recepionate
portretul de consumator. Copilul-telespec-
doar 309 au fost executate. Totodat, n 113
tator se formeaz ntr-un anumit fel, n
cazuri au fost ncheiate tranzacii de con-
funcie de diferite variabile. Televizorul este
ciliere, n 40 de cazuri executarea titlurilor
factor de socializare i element care contri-
executorii a fost suspendat, iar n 196 de
buie la crearea identitii tnrului. El i dez-
cazuri debitorul a refuzat s execute crean-
vluie acestuia o lume despre care poate
a. n privina celorlalte decizii188 executorii
vorbi, i ine de urt, i ofer tipare compor-
judectoreti menioneaz c snt n impo-
tamentale sau i arat modelele de urmat.
sibilitate de a interveni conform competen-
elor, dat fiind c debitorii se afl n afara Aceste aspecte legate de influena tele-
rii sau nu poate fi stabilit locul de trai al vizorului asupra copilului dovedete impor-
acestora pentru a pune n aplicarea decizia tana coninutului programelor televizate
instanei judectoreti. la care are acces copilul, prin urmare acest
flux informaional trebuie condiionat prin
prisma acestor factori.
Ponderea acestora fiind de 2038 de titluri exe-
188
Rezultatele analizei noastre privitor la
cutorii sau 75% din totalul de 2696 de titluri
grila de emisiuni ale postului naional de te-
executorii recepionate de ctre cei 41 executori
judectoreti care au fost inclui n investigaia
avocatului parlamentar. Conform prevederilor art. 318 Cod Contraven-
189
ional al Republicii Moldova.
116
CAPITOLUL III

leviziune au artat c doar aproximativ 4% mai important, fapt ce reiese i din atribu-
i respectiv 2% din spaiul de emisie este iile stipulate i n cadrul legislativ care re-
destinat emisiunilor pentru copii i tineri. glementeaz acest domeniu190.
Copiii din Republica Moldova snt n
mare parte consumatori de programe des- 7. Dreptul la abitaie n familie
tinate maturilor, ceea ce i pune amprenta
i asupra dezvoltrii copilului. Aceasta este
Familia constituie elementul natural i
concluzia care se impune n baza observai-
fundamental al societii i are dreptul la
ilor angajailor CpDOM i opiniilor exprima-
ocrotire din partea societii i a statului.
te de specialitii n domeniu.
Ocrotirea de ctre stat i societate a copi-
Rolul televiziunii ca sursa de informaie
lului, familiei i maternitii constituie n
este unul foarte important. Iar n contex-
Republica Moldova o preocupare politic,
tul actual marcat de fenomenul migraiei
social i economic de prim-plan. Pentru
prinilor la munc, acesta se amplific. A
dezvoltarea armonioas a personalitii
devenit o realitate cunoscut n Republica
copilului, acesta trebuie s creasc ntr-un
Moldova c muli copii snt lsai fr de
mediu familial, ntr-un climat de fericire,
supraveghere, ei fiind responsabili de pro-
de iubire i de nelegere. Dreptul la fami-
pria educaie. Drept urmare, potrivit date-
lie, facilitarea formrii i proteciei acesteia
lor statistice, crete rata suicidului n rndul
precum i ocrotirea copiilor orfani snt recu-
minorilor, delincvenei juvenile, e mai mare
noscute prin art. 48, 49 i 50 din Constituia
numrul de cazuri de abandon colar, abuz
Republicii Moldova.
asupra copiilor etc. Respectiv, n aceste
condiii funcia educativ-formativ a tele- Fiecare copil are dreptul s locuiasc n
viziunii se amplific. familie, s-i cunoasc prinii, s benefici-
eze de grija lor, s coabiteze cu acetia, cu
Pe lng aceast abordare social a
excepia cazurilor n care desprirea de un
dreptului la opinie, trebuie s menionm
printe sau de ambii prini este necesar
c libertatea opiniei i a exprimrii este i
n interesul copilului191.
un drept garantat de Constituia Republicii
Moldova, prin prevederile art. 32. Totodat, Potrivit art. 20 al Conveniei ONU cu
art. 9 din Legea privind drepturile copilului, privire la drepturile copilului, orice copil
nr. 338-XIII din 15.12.94, prevede dreptul care este, temporar sau definitiv, lipsit de
copilului la dezvoltarea capacitilor inte- mediul su familial, sau care, n propriul
lectuale. Acest drept al copilului este consa- su interes, nu poate fi lsat n acest mediu,
crat i de Convenia ONU pentru drepturile are dreptul la protecie i ajutor special din
copilului, prin prevederile art. 12 i art. 13. partea statului. Statele pri vor prevedea
pentru acest copil o ocrotire alternativ n
Rezumnd cele spuse, avocatul parla-
conformitate cu legislaia lor naional... n
mentar consider c televiziunile din Repu-
alegerea uneia din aceste soluii este nece-
blica Moldova trebuie s rezerve mai mult
sar s se in seama n mod corespunztor
spaiu de emisie copiilor i adolescenilor,
de necesitatea unei anumite continuiti n
care s fie n egal msur destinat expune-
educarea copilului ca i de originea sa etni-
rii de opinii i emisiunilor cognitive.
c, religioas, cultural i lingvistic.
Dei contientizm faptul c IPNA Com-
Adopia este una dintre formele prio-
pania Teleradio-Moldova este o instituie
ritare de protecie a copilului rmas fr
public, care se bucur de dreptul la inde-
ocrotire printeasc192. Aceast form spe-
pendena editorial, a crei televiziuni are
un caracter generalist, totui responsabili-
tatea social a acestei instituii, n compara- Articolele 50 i 51 din Codul audiovizualului al
190
ie cu alte instituii de profil, este una mult Republicii Moldova.

Art. 16 al Legii privind drepturile copilului nr. 338-
191
XIII din 15.12.1994

Art. 115 din Codul Familiei Republicii Moldova.
192
117
cial de protecie, aplicat n interesul su- psihologi din alte instituii care nu cunosc
perior al copilului, prin care se stabilete aspectele specifice domeniului adopiei.
filiaia ntre copilul adoptat i adoptator, De asemenea, evaluarea psihosocial tre-
precum i legturile de rudenie ntre copilul buie s fie efectuat de ctre psiholog prin
adoptat i rudele adoptatorului193. cel puin 3 edine cu solicitanii pentru ad-
Conform datelor oficiale oferite de Mi- opii, dintre care cel puin una la domiciliul
nisterul Muncii, Proteciei Sociale i Famili- acestora, iar celelalte la biroul psihologului,
ei, numrul adopiilor naionale i internai- sediul autoritii teritoriale sau n alt spaiu
onale este n descretere. Astfel, n perioada amenajat corespunztor pentru asigurarea
anilor 2010-2012 au fost nregistrate urm- intimitii conversaiilor i confidenialitii
toarele cifre: n 2010 - 162 adopii naionale, datelor197.
46 de adopii internaionale; n 2011 - 78 de
Procesul birocratizat i de lung durat
adopii naionale, 23 de adopii internaio-
nale; n 2012- 33 de adopii naionale, nicio n legislaia n domeniu nu este stabilit
adopie internaional. un termen concret pentru executarea eta-
pelor procedurii de adopie, uneori proce-
n cadrul ntlnirilor cu autoritile ad-
dura de adopie ajunge s dureze pn la
ministraiei publice locale194 avocatul par-
doi ani198.
lamentar a abordat, printre altele, chestiuni
legate de implementarea Legii privind regi- Lipsa cadrului normativ privind con-
mul juridic al adopiei nr. 99 din 26.05.2010. traindicaiile medicale pentru persoanele
Att n cadrul discuiilor nominalizate, ct i care intenioneaz s adopte copii
din informaiile solicitate de la autoritile Potrivit prevederilor cadrului legisla-
tutelare195, s-a constatat existena unor pro- tiv199, nu pot adopta copii persoanele care
bleme serioase care mpiedic implemen- sufer de boli psihice i de alte maladii ce
tarea legii menionate: fac imposibil ndeplinirea drepturilor i a
obligaiilor printeti. Dei art. 58, alin. (3),
Lipsa psihologilor
lit. a) i b) din Legea privind regimul juridic
Conform prevederilor legale196, solici- al adopiei prevede c Guvernul, n termen
tanii pentru adopie urmeaz a fi evaluai de 3 luni de la data intrrii n vigoare a Legii
prin prisma capacitilor morale i aptitudi- privind regimul juridic al adopiei, va pre-
nilor de a adopta unul sau mai muli copii, zenta Parlamentului propuneri pentru adu-
iar n organigrama structurilor teritoriale de cerea legislaiei n concordan cu prezenta
asisten social nu snt prevzute unitile lege, n prezent nu exist o list a contrain-
de psiholog. dicaiilor medicale pentru persoanele care
Expertizarea psihologic realizat de- intenioneaz s adopte copii, aprobat de
fectuos
Conform cap. VI al Regulamentului privind proce-
197
Pentru ndeplinirea prevederilor legale, dura de evaluare a garaniilor morale i condiiilor
specialistul principal din cadrul autoritii materiale ale solicitanilor pentru adopii.
tutelare teritoriale este nevoit s apeleze la Copilul nscut de mam solitar a fost abando-
198
nat n maternitate. Ulterior mama a fost dec-

Art. 2 al Legii privind regimul juridic al adopiei
193 zut din drepturile printeti, iar copilul a fost
nr. 99 din 28.05.2010. propus spre adopie. Examinnd materialele
acestui caz, avocatul parlamentar a constatat c
Ne referim la ntrunirile pe care le-a avut avoca-
194
procedura de adopie are o durat de peste 2 ani.
tul parlamentar cu reprezentanii APL din Dro- Astfel, acionnd n interesul superior al copilului,
chia, Rcani, Cueni i Cantemir. avocatul parlamentar s-a adresat instanei de
Informaia referitor la procedura de implemen-
195
judecat contestnd procedura birocratic i re-
tare a Legii privind regimul juridic al adopiei nr. fuzul MMPSF de a elibera acordul de continuare
99 din 26.05.2010 a fost colectat din 36 uniti a procedurii de adopie internaional, n scopul
administrativ - teritoriale. realizrii dreptului copilului de a avea o familie.
Art. 16 i 17 din Legea privind regimul juridic al
196
Art. 12 alin. (4), lit. b) din Legea privind regimul
199
adopiei nr. 99 din 26.05.2010. juridic al adopiei.
118
CAPITOLUL III

Guvern. Anterior lista contraindicaiilor me- fr ngrijirea prinilor203, 3 coli internat-
dicale era prevzut n Ordinul comun nr. sanatoriale204, 17 coli internat-auxiliare205
113 din 11 aprilie 1994 al Ministerului ti- i 5 instituii speciale pentru copii cu defici-
inei i nvmntului, nr. 64 din 05 aprilie ene fizice i senzoriale206.
1994 al Ministerului Sntii i nr. 47 din Implementarea Standardelor minime
11 aprilie 1994 al Ministerului Justiiei. Prin de calitate privind ngrijirea, educarea i
adoptarea noilor reglementri n domeniul socializarea copiilor din instituiile de tip
adopiei, Ordinul comun menionat a czut rezidenial se efectueaz de direcia raiona-
n desuetudine i a devenit caduc200. l/municipal, tineret i sport, care exerci-
Avocatul parlamentar consider c t monitorizarea i evaluarea instituiei, n
pentru respectarea dreptului copilului la coordonare cu secia/direcia de asisten
abitaie n familie, statul trebuie s creeze social i protecie a familiei.
condiii prielnice pentru adopie, eliminnd n conformitate cu Standardul 3 al Stra-
barierele birocratice care descurajeaz soli- tegiei naionale privind reforma sistemului
citanii de adopie. rezidenial de ngrijire a copilului pe anii
Respectarea Standardelor minime 2007-2012, perioada de edere a copilului
de calitate privind ngrijirea, educarea i n instituie nu depete 12 luni calenda-
socializarea copiilor din instituiile de tip ristice, timp n care coordonatorul de caz, n
rezidenial colaborare cu autoritile administraiei pu-
blice locale, va gsi soluia definitiv - pla-
Studiile201 au demonstrat c mediul re- samentul de tip familial. Potrivit aceluiai
zidenial nu este unul favorabil pentru dez- standard, decizia privind extinderea plasa-
voltarea copilului. Prin urmare asigurarea mentului pentru o perioad mai mare de 12
copilului aflat n dificultate a unei protecii luni este luat de ctre autoritatea tutelar
din partea statului trebuie s fie o msur de la locul de trai al copilului.
de intervenie rapid i eficient.
Potrivit informaiei prezentat de ma-
n acest sens exist anumite Standarde nagerii instituiilor rezideniale, conchidem
minime de calitate privind ngrijirea, educa- c termenul de 12 luni de edere a copiilor
rea i socializarea copiilor din instituiile de este depit207, fr o decizie privind extin-
tip rezidenial202. derea plasamentului, fapt ce a fost determi-
n scopul monitorizrii respectrii pre- nat n urma examinrii statisticilor privind
vederilor constituionale, ale Conveniei evaluarea plasamentului copilului.
ONU, dar i aplicrii Standardelor minime n anul 2011 specialitii din cadrul auto-
de calitate, n special termenul de edere a ritilor publice au reevaluat plasamentul a
copiilor n instituiile rezideniale, avocatul 968 copii din gimnaziile internat pentru co-
parlamentar a analizat activitatea a 14 coli pii orfani i rmai fr ngrijire printeasc,
de tip-internat pentru copii orfani i rmai 508 copii din gimnaziile auxiliare, 129 copii
Scrisoarea nr. 03/10131 din 18 decembrie 2012,
200
semnat de viceministrul Justiiei. Bender, Fleti, Cupcin, Czneti, Crpineni,

203
Bli, Streni, Orhei, Leova, Vscui, Npado-

http://www.cnaa.md/files/theses/2012/22865/
201
va, Ceadr-Lunga, gimnaziile nr. 2 i nr. 3 din
irina_malanciuc_thesis.pdf;
Chiinu.
http://particip.gov.md/public/documente/139/
ro_572_121118-StrategiaProtectiaFamilieCo- Cineeui, Rezina, Ivancea.
204
pil-v5-ro.pdf Visoca, Crihana-Veche, Mrculeti, Grinui, Sa-

205

n conformitate cu Hotrrea Guvernului nr.
202 rata Galben, Streni, Popeasca, Bulboaca, Re-
432 din 20 aprilie 2007, aceste Standarde se zina, Corten, Nisporeni, arigrad, Sarata Nou,
aplic de ctre toate instituiile de acest tip, n Teleneti, Tocuz.
limita alocaiilor aprobate anual n bugetele Hrbov, Cahul, Ialoveni, Bli, Hnceti.
206
autoritilor publice centrale i locale respective,

coala auxiliar Hrbov, coala auxiliar
207
precum i a mijloacelor provenite din donaii,
Ialoveni,coala auxiliar s. Popeasca, r. tefan-
granturi, alte surse, conform actelor normative n
Vod, coala auxiliar s. Visoca, r. Soroca, etc.
vigoare.
119
din gimnaziile sanatoriale i 129 copii din nism, care este cauzat n mod exclusiv de
gimnaziile speciale pentru copii cu defici- factorul uman, admite n mod direct ncl-
ene fizice i senzoriale. carea dreptului copilului la abitaie n fami-
Nu a fost reevaluat plasamentul sau lip- lie. Reieind dine cele expuse, avocatul par-
sete informaia despre reevaluarea plasa- lamentar recomand Ministerului Educaiei
mentului n privina a 573 copii din gimna- i Ministerului Muncii, Proteciei Sociale i
ziile pentru copii orfani i rmai fr ngri- Familiei s ntreprind toate msurile care
jire printeasc, 35 copii din gimnaziile in- se impun pentru a asigura funcionalitatea
ternat-sanatoriale, 649 copii din gimnaziile i aplicarea corespunztoare a Standarde-
internat-auxiliare i 219 copii din gimnaziile lor minime de calitate care reprezint un
speciale pentru copii cu deficiene fizice i mecanism cheie n respectarea dreptului
senzoriale. copilului la ocrotire special n situaiile cri-
Avocatul parlamentar consider c ana- tice, dar i respectarea dreptului la abitaie
liza Standardelor minime de calitate privind n familie.
ngrijirea, educarea i socializarea copiilor n al doilea rnd, faptul c minorii se afl
din instituiile de tip rezidenial a scos n o perioad ndelungat n instituiile rezi-
eviden dou momente importante care deniale dovedete c serviciile alternative
denot nclcarea drepturilor constituio- de plasament snt slab dezvoltate.
nale ale copilului dar i a drepturilor consa- n opinia avocatului parlamentar,
crate de Convenie. dezvoltarea slab a serviciilor alterna-
n primul rnd, este vorba despre neres- tive de plasament a copiilor rmai fr
pectarea prevederilor cadrului normativ ngrijire printeasc este condiionat de
naional care se refer la Standardele mini- subvenionarea slab din partea statului.
me de calitate. Astfel, dei cadrul normativ Despre aceast problem avocatul parla-
naional prevede un mecanism de asigura- mentar a menionat i n rapoartele sale
re a bunei aplicri a cadrului legal referitor anterioare.
la creterea copilului n mediul familial, ne-
aplicarea corespunztoare a acestui meca-
120
CAPITOLUL IV
Informarea i promovarea drepturilor omului n comunitate

CAPITOLUL IV
Informarea i promovarea drepturilor omului

n comunitate
Reuniuni de lucru, conferine, mese rotunde, activiti de promovare

a drepturilor omului i de instruire juridic a populaiei
n anul 2012, Centrul pentru Drepturile ONU (Comitetul ONU mpotriva torturii,
Omului a organizat 29 de conferine, mese Subcomitetul ONU mpotriva torturii,
rotunde, ateliere de lucru, prezentri (n Comitetul European pentru prevenirea
anul 2011 20), n al crui cadru au fost torturii), funcionari ai MNPT din oficiile
puse n discuie diverse probleme ce in de ombudsmanilor din Slovenia, Polonia,
asigurarea respectrii drepturilor omului n Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaidjan, repre-
Republica Moldova. De asemenea, au fost zentani ai mediului academic din ar,
desfurate 45 de aciuni de promovare ai instituiilor de drept i administraiei
n domeniul drepturilor omului (ntlniri, se- publice centrale, ai ONG-urilor care ac-
minare, prelegeri), care au avut loc cu par- tiveaz n domeniul drepturilor omului,
ticiparea elevilor, studenilor, funcionarilor n total aproximativ 70 de participani.
publici, reprezentanilor unor comuniti,
persoanelor cu dizabiliti, altor categorii - Pe 10 decembrie, CpDOM a desfu-
de persoane (vezi Anexa nr.7). rat o Conferin de lucru cu prilejul
Activitile desfurate au abordat n Zilei internaionale pentru drepturile
particular tematica combaterii torturii i omului. Evenimentul a avut o dubl
relelor tratamente, a proteciei drepturilor semnificaie n contextul aniversrii
sociale i a persoanelor cu dizabiliti, pro- de 15 ani de la adoptarea Legii cu pri-
movarea toleranei n societate i combate- vire la avocaii parlamentari, care a
rea discriminrii. Evenimentele organizate stat la baz crerii ulterioare a Instituiei
de Centrul pentru Drepturile Omului au naionale a ombudsmanului. La reuniu-
constituit prilejuri pentru un schimb vast ne au participat preedintele Parlamen-
de opinii, informaii la teme viznd situaia tului Marian Lupu, preedintele Comisi-
respectrii drepturilor i libertilor funda- ei parlamentare pentru drepturile omu-
mentale, posibilitile de ameliorare a strii lui i relaii interetnice, Vadim Miin,
de existente de lucruri, inclusiv prin perfec- deputatul i ex-directorul CpDOM, Rai-
ionarea legislaiei n domeniu. sa Apolschii, fotii ombudsmani Mihail
Sidorov, Iurii Perevoznic i actualii avo-
Printre cele mai importante evenimen-
cai parlamentari Anatolie Munteanu,
te desfurate de CpDOM n anul 2012 se
Aurelia Grigoriu, Tudor Lazr i Tamara
numr:
Plmdeal, Reprezentantul Permanent
al UNICEF n Moldova, Alexandra Yuster,
- Conferina internaional tiinifi-
reprezentani ai diverse instituii publi-
co-practic cu prilejul mplinirii a 5
ce centrale, partenerii externi i sociali
ani de la instituirea Mecanismului
ai CpDOM. n cursul evenimentului au
naional de prevenire a torturii n
fost discutate subiecte viznd starea
Republica Moldova, care a avut loc
actual n domeniul drepturilor omu-
pe 25 iulie, cu sprijinul PNUD Mol-
lui, evoluiile i perspectivele Centrului
dova. Conferina a ntrunit oficiali de
pentru Drepturile Omului, strategii de
rang nalt ai structurilor specializate ale
121
Informarea i promovarea drepturilor omului n comunitate CAPITOLUL IV
dezvoltare i de eficientizare a Institu- Moldova a desfurat aproximativ 70 de

iei naionale pentru protecia dreptu- activiti prilejuite de aniversarea de 15
rilor omului. Reuniunea la care au fost ani de la fondarea institutului avocailor
prezeni 64 de participani a culminat parlamentari, implicit aciuni n cadrul
cu nmnarea premiilor i diplomelor Decadei pentru drepturile omului (01-10
ombudsmanilor - ediia 2012 i cu sem- decembrie).
narea unui acord de colaborare ntre Activitile organizate au inclus confe-
Centrul pentru Drepturile Omului i rine, mese rotunde, seminare, ntlniri cu
Asociaia Obteasc Liga Tineretului diverse categorii de ceteni, interviuri i
din Moldova. participri la emisiuni televizate i radio.
La iniiativa CpDOM, cu susinerea Mi-
- n cadrul unei reuniuni, pe 17 octom- nisterului Educaiei, n perioada de referin-
brie, cnd s-au mplinit 15 ani de la , orele de educaie civic n instituiile de
adoptarea Legii cu privire la avocaii nvmnt gimnazial i liceal s-au desfu-
parlamentari, a fost inaugurat cea rat la tema respectrii drepturilor omului.
de-a IV reprezentan a CpDOM Angajaii CpDOM au fost prezeni la orele
din satul Varnia, raionul Anenii Noi. de educaie civic i au inut prelegeri n 20
Activitatea n cauz a fost realizat con- de licee i gimnazii. De asemenea, avocaii
form Planului naional de aciuni n do- parlamentari, angajaii CpDOM s-au ntlnit
meniul drepturilor omului pentru anii cu studeni i profesori de la 7 instituii de
2011-2014. nvmnt superior din ar: Universitatea
Slavon, Universitatea de Stat din Comrat ,
- Pe 27 martie a fost fcut public Ra- USM (Facultatea Relaii Internaionale tiin-
portul CpDOM cu privire la respecta- e Politice i Administrative), Universitatea
rea Drepturilor Omului n anul 2011. Alecu Russo, Institutul Umanistic Contem-
La eveniment, avocaii parlamentari poran din Bli, Universitatea B.P.Hadeu
au prezentat informri pe diverse do- din Cahul, Academia de Administrare Publi-
menii viznd problematica respectrii c de pe lng Preedinte.
drepturilor omului la noi n ar n anul n contextul Decadei pentru drepturi-
precedent. La eveniment au participat le omului, CpDOM a fcut 18 donaii de
peste 40 de persoane, reprezentani ai carte din publicaiile editate de Institu-
conducerii rii, deputai, responsabili ia naional pentru protecia drepturilor
din cadrul instituiilor publice centrale, omului (peste 200 de titluri de carte, fr
reprezentani ai sectorului asociativ i ai de brouri) pentru Biblioteca Naional
unor organizaii internaionale. (spre a fi repartizate la bibliotecile din r),
Biblioteca Public de Drept, Biblioteca Aca-
- 11 activiti au fost dedicate proble- demiei de Administrare Public de pe lng
maticii proteciei sociale, respectrii Preedinte, Biblioteca Universitii din Ca-
drepturilor persoanelor cu dizabili- hul, Biblioteca Universitii Alecu Russo
ti. Mai multe aciuni au fost dedicate din Bli, coala profesional-tehnic nr.2
problemelor combaterii discriminrii, din Hnceti.
a violenei domestice, promovrii tole- n perioada 830 noiembrie, la iniiati-
ranei. va Centrului pentru Drepturile Omului din
Moldova i cu susinerea IPNA Teleradio-
Decada pentru drepturile omului i ac- Moldova, la Radio Moldova s-a desfurat
iunile prilejuite de aniversarea de 15 ani Concursul Drepturile mele. Ce tiu despre
ai institutului avocailor parlamentari ele?. Aciunea a avut menirea s stimuleze
copiii de a se documenta privind drepturile
de care dispun i de a le cultiva o atitudine
n perioada noiembrie decembrie,
de respect fa de demnitatea uman, va-
Centrul pentru Drepturile Omului din
122
CAPITOLUL IV

lorile universale n domeniul drepturilor i cailor parlamentari Anatolie Munteanu i
libertilor fundamentale. Aurelia Grigoriu.
Mai frecvent problematica drepturilor
Mediatizarea activitii CpDOM omului cu participare la emisiuni a angaja-
i a avocailor parlamentari ilor CpDOM, (implicit subiecte realizate n
baza comunicatelor de pres ale CpDOM,
n anul 2012 a crescut, practic, de 3 comentariilor, declaraiilor avocailor par-
ori, fa de anul precedent, numrul de lamentari) a fost abordat la Radio-Moldo-
apariii n pres privind activitatea Cp- va, Publika TV, Compania Interstatal MIR,
DOM i a avocailor parlamentari. Astfel au Moldova 1, Jurnal TV, Televiziunea public
fost nregistrate 614 apariii unice n mass- din UTA Gguzia, Radio Europa Liber,
media, comparativ cu 207 pe parcursul Radio Vocea Basarabiei, Radio Chiinu, AP
anului 2011 (vezi Anexa nr. 8) dintre care: Info-Prim-Neo. Astfel, avocaii parlamen-
tari, lucrtorii Centrului au fost cu regulari-
a): apariii la televiziuni 222, fa de 75 tate invitai pentru a se pronuna pe diverse
nregistrate n anul trecut; probleme din domeniul drepturilor omului
apariii la radio 147, fa de 80 n la emisiunile Publika report, ara lui Do-
2011; garu, Publik news, Vox Publika,
presa scris, portaluri, agenii de pres , buletinele de tiri de la Publika
245; TV, au participat la emisiunea Moldova n
inclusiv apariii n mass-media local i direct i la Talk Showul Bun seara , pro-
regional 118; gramul matinal Bun dimineaa de la TV
Moldova 1. Avocaii parlamentari, angajaii
b) Conferine de pres, briefinguri, cluburi CpDOM au fost frecvent invitai la emisiu-
de pres 8, fa de 5 n tot anul trecut nile Primatul legii, Noi i societatea de la
(vezi Anexa nr. 9); Radio Moldova, iar la Radio-magazin socio-
cultural deja al doilea an consecutiv anga-
c) Comunicate de pres i alte materiale jaii Centrului au fost prezeni n fiecare zi la
605, fa de 420 n anul 2011, pagina emisiune n perioada Decadei pentru drep-
web fiind operativ actualizat nu doar la turile omului. Cu suportul UNICEF, avocatul
compartimentul comunicate de pres, parlamentar pentru protecia drepturilor
dar i cu alte materiale, inclusiv privind copilului Tamara Plmdeal a participat
activitatea MNPT (vezi Anexa nr. 10). la 25 de emisiuni Vocea copilului. De ase-
n contextul organizrii Conferinei in- menea sptmnal, eful Reprezentanei
ternaionale tiinifico-practice din 25 iulie Comrat a CpDOM, Svetlana Mironova, a fost
5 ani de funcionare a MNPT, timp de o invitat la emisiunea O
lun, gratis, au fost difuzate spoturi sociale la televiziunea public din UTA Gguzia.
antitortur la 3 televiziuni centrale (Mol-
dova 1, Publika TV i TV N4) i 4 televiziuni Cele mai mediatizate subiecte
regionale (GRTV, ATV, Eny-ai TV, Pervi na- din domeniul drepturilor omului
rodni (Gguz Yeri). au fost:
A fost stabilit o colaborare cu Centrul
de Investigaii Jurnalistice. n comun cu jur- Protecia drepturilor copilului 88; pro-
nalitii de la CIJ au fost organizate dou tecia social a cetenilor i respectarea
cluburi de pres cu tema: Ce s-a ntm- drepturilor lor sociale 71; situaia n do-
plat n instituiile statului n ultimii 5 meniul drepturilor omului n ansamblu - 60;
ani de la instituirea MNPT n Moldova problematica combaterii torturii i relelor
i Srcia ca impediment pentru egali- tratamente - 60; semnalul lansat de avoca-
tatea de anse. Cluburile menionate de tul parlamentar privind posibilitatea pro-
pres s-au desfurat cu participarea avo- ducerii unui dezastru ecologic pe rul Nistru
(materiale la tema au aprut n aproximativ
123
100 de instituii media din ar, dar i din le avocailor parlamentari la cazuri de infec-
Ucraina i Romnia); susinerea de ctre tare cu TBC a elevilor de la coala-internat
Curtea Constituional a sesizrii avocatului din Crihana Veche, Cahul,208 de aplicare a
parlamentar privind plata indemnizaiilor supradozei de proba mantou copiilor din
de boal (la acest subiect au fost nregistra- satul Blata, raionul Criuleni, de admitere a
te 41 de apariii n pres); cazul de infectare abuzului sau violenei fa de elevi sau mi-
cu TBC a copiilor de la grdinia de copii din nori (cazurile din satul Condria, municipiul
satul Blata, Criuleni. Bli, or. Hnceti)209, neregulile legate de
Printre temele abordate n mass-media dezactivarea polielor de asigurare medi-
au fost i cele viznd combaterea discrimi- cal210, testarea medicamentelor pe seama
nrii n toate formele de manifestare i pro- bolnavilor psihici de la spitalul de psihiatrie
movarea culturii toleranei - 18; respectarea din Chiinau, decesele sau problemele gra-
drepturilor la protecia sntii, un mediu ve de sntate cauzate de erorile comise de
sntos de via i accesul la servicii medi- medici (cazul minorului care a murit i al
cale de calitate (14) (vezi Anexa nr. 11). celui czut n com dup vizita la medicul
stomatolog).
E de remarcat experiena pozitiv de
autosesizare din pres a avocailor parla- 208
Comunicatele de pres din 28, 29 februarie, 3
mentari pe marginea cazurilor de violare a martie 2012 (http://ombudsman.md/md/ne-
drepturilor omului. Peste 40 de asemenea wslst/1211/1/5506/; http://ombudsman.md/md/
reacii ale avocailor parlamentari la sem- newslst/1211/1/5509/; http://ombudsman.md/
nale aprute n pres privind nerespectarea md/newslst/1211/1/5514/; ) http://ombudsman.
drepturilor omului au contribuit la soluio- md/md/newslst/1211/1/5827)
narea problemelor enunate sau mobiliza- 209
Comunicat de pres din 1 martie 2012 (http://
rea autoritilor de a interveni cu promp- ombudsman.md/md/newslst/1211/1/5511/)
titudine n vederea eliminrii deficienelor
atestate. Elocvente n acest sens snt reacii-
210
Comunicat de pres din 16 martie 2012 (http://
ombudsman.md/md/newslst/1211/1/5535/)
Pagina web a CpDOM

n contextul prezentrii publice a Ra- identiti vizuale clare a noului site, structu-
portului CpDOM pentru anul 2012, respec- ra i prezentarea grafic a coninutului au
tiv n luna martie 2013, urmeaz a fi lansat fost elaborate n asemenea manier nct s
o versiune nou a paginii web a Centrului fie orientate spre interesul publicului larg
pentru Drepturile Omului. Aceasta a fost i s asigure o comunicare mai eficient cu
elaborat n colaborare cu Centrul de Gu- societatea. Pentru promovarea n mediul
vernare Electronic i cu ntreprinderea de on-line, au fost create conturi n reelele
Stat Centrul de Telecomunicaii Speciale, de socializare YouTube, Facebook i Twee-
n conformitate cu politica Guvernului de ter, care au fost ataate noului site. Meniul
modernizare tehnologic a site-urilor in- a fost simplificat i elaborat pe nelesul
stituiilor publice (Hotrrea Guvernului vizitatorilor paginii web, iar pe viitor este
Privind paginile oficiale ale autoritilor planificat activarea unei aplicaii care va
administraiei publice n reeaua internet, permite accesul la site i a persoanelor cu
nr.188. din 03 04 2012). dizabiliti de vedere.
Noul site prezint numeroase avantaje:
este mai bogat n coninut, respect princi- Acorduri de colaborare
piile transparenei i accesibiliti, este ela-
borat n baza modelului tip i corespunde O condiie important a realizrii obiec-
cerinelor de securitate a informaiei. Cu tivelor de promovare a drepturilor i liber-
respectarea rigorilor Centrului de Guver- tilor fundamentale este comunicarea
nare Electronic, s-a reuit conturarea unei deschis i intens cu toi factorii interesai,
124
CAPITOLUL IV

interaciunea strns i eficient cu diferite Acordurile menionate snt funcionale.
instituii i organizaii, ct i cu publicul larg. Astfel, Compania public Teleradio-Mol-
Din acest punct de vedere, se impune de re- dova a fost partenerul media al CpDOM
marcat importana parteneriatelor stabilite n desfurarea Conferinei internaionale
de CpDOM n anul 2012. tiinifico-practice cu prilejul mplinirii a 5
n perioada de referin au fost ncheia- ani de la instituirea Mecanismului naional
te 7 acorduri de colaborare, fa de 3 sem- de prevenire a torturii n Republica Moldo-
nate n anul 2011 (vezi Anexa nr. 12): va. La iniiativa Centrului pentru Drepturile
Acordul de colaborare dintre Instituia Omului, pe 22 mai curent, n cadrul Cen-
avocailor parlamentari i Confederaia trului Republican de Reabilitare i Integra-
Naional a Sindicatelor din Moldova - re Social (CRIS), a fost inaugurat Biroului
parteneriat n vederea consolidrii sis- Public al Avocatului Parlamentar. Totodat,
temului de protecie a salariailor din n cooperare cu Centrul Internaional An-
Republica Moldova; tidrog, IDEC Moldova a fost organizat o
mas rotund cu problematica combaterii
Acordul de colaborare cu Fundaia CRIS
consumului de droguri (26 iunie) i lansarea
Ecoul Cernoblului;
crii Drogurile legale i adolescena rs-
Acordul de parteneriat dintre Instituia punsuri la ntrebrile elevilor i studenilor
naional a ombudsmanului i Centrul (6 octombrie).
de Reabilitare a Victimelor Torturii Me-
moria; Potrivit Acordului semnat cu Centrul
de Reabilitare a Victimelor Torturii Memo-
Acordul de parteneriat ntre CpDOM i ria, n comun a fost elaborat un studiu la
Centrul Internaional Antidrog - IDEC tema: Tortura i tratamentele crude fa
Moldova; de copii n contextul justiiei juvenile: rs-
Acordul de cooperare dintre CpDOM i pndirea, influena, prevenirea, detectarea,
IPNA Teleradio-Moldova; oferirea suportului i raportare. Studiul n
Acordul de colaborare dintre mputer- cauz conine o analiz profund privind
nicitul Radei Supreme a Ucrainei pentru utilizarea torturii sau a altor forme de abu-
drepturile omului Valeria Lutkovskaia zuri fa de minorii aflai n custodia insti-
i avocaii parlamentari din Republica tuiilor de stat, cu formularea de concluzii
Moldova; i recomandri pentru ameliorarea situai-
Acordul de colaborare ntre Centrul pen- ei.
tru Drepturile Omului i Asociaia Ob-
teasc Liga Tineretului din Moldova.
Activitatea de instruire n domeniul drepturilor omului a funcionari-

lor publici i a diverse categorii de persoane care nfptuiesc justiia
Avocaii parlamentari i funcionarii Cp- teraciunea ntre parajuriti i avocaii

DOM au participat, la solicitare, la instruirea parlamentari (18 i 19 iulie 2012);
unor grupuri profesionale, dup cum ur- Instruire pentru efectivul Departamen-
meaz: tului Instituiilor Penitenciare Accesul
Instruirea judectorilor la tema Me- la informaie a deinuilor drept fun-
canisme naionale i internaionale de damental. (5 septembrie 2012); Instrui-
monitorizare privind respectarea drep- re pentru efectivul Departamentului In-
turilor persoanelor cu dizabiliti, cu stituiilor Penitenciare Raporturile ntre
tulburri mentale (26 martie 2012, In- administraie i deinui i resocializarea
stitutul Naional al Justiiei); prin prisma respectrii art. 24 din Con-
Instruire pentru parajuritii care activea- stituie i art. 3 CEDO (19 septembrie
z n domeniul drepturilor omului In- 2012);
125
Instruire pentru funcionarii publici din edintele Republicii Moldova. Cancelariei

Pretura sect. Rcani, municipiul Chii- Guvernului i-a fost transmis un lot de carte
nu Rolul autoritilor publice locale Manual al funcionarului public n dome-
n respectarea drepturilor i libertilor niul drepturilor omului, care a fost distribu-
fundamentale ale omului (10 februarie it n diverse ministere i departamente.
2012);
Instruire pentru managerii din nv- Deficiene n domeniul comuni-
mntul special n domeniul drepturilor care i relaii cu publicul
persoanelor cu dizabiliti (20 ianuarie
2012); n pofida unor rezultate pozitive nregis-
Instruiri pentru membrii Consiliului con- trate la compartimentul sporire a imaginii
sultativ privind tehnicile de monitoriza- instituiei, CpDOM mai are mult de fcut
re a locurilor de detenie. pentru eliminarea deficienelor existente
Printre beneficiarii acestor instruiri se la capitolul comunicare i relaii cu publi-
numr circa 30 de judectori, 25 de pa- cul. n mare parte acestea snt determinate
rajuriti, 45 de angajai ai sistemului peni- de comunicarea intern defectuoas, care
tenciar, 25 de funcionari publici din cadrul zdrnicete cele mai bune intenii sau
preturilor i Primriei mun. Chiinu, 20 de planuri de aciuni, antrenarea insuficient
pedagogi care activeaz n instituiile de i ineficient a reprezentanelor CpDOM
nvmnt speciale, 8 membri ai Consiliului din teritoriu n activitile de promovare
consultativ. i instruire. Reprezentanele CpDOM din
Bli i Cahul lipsesc practic din mediul in-
Activitatea editorial a CpDOM formaional regional, avnd activiti de
promovare sporadice, organizate mai mult
n anul 2012 au fost editate 6 brouri la cererea sau sugestia avocailor parlamen-
i pliante cu caracter de instruire juridic a tari sau a angajailor Serviciului programe
populaiei privind drepturile i libertile lor instructive, relaii cu publicul. Bunoar,
fundamentale ale omului i anume: cele 118 apariii n 2012 n presa regional
se datoreaz n mare parte Reprezentanei
Pliantul Telefonul copilului pentru
CpDOM din Comrat, cu 85 de participri la
aduli;
emisiuni radio i tv, publicaii n presa scri-
Pliantul Telefonul copilului pentru co- s. Respectiv, reprezentanelor de la Cahul
pii; i Bli le revine doar cte 16 pe ntreg par-
Broura Mecanismul Naional de Preve- cursul anului.
nire a Torturii ; Las de dorit i implicarea autoritilor
Broura Dreptul la petiionare; publice n activiti de promovare i instru-
Broura Drepturile persoanelor cu diza- ire n domeniul drepturilor omului. Asta
biliti; chiar dac n Planul naional de aciuni n
domeniul drepturilor omului pentru anii
Broura Principiul egalitii i nondiscri-
2011-2014 la diverse compartimente este
minrii.
prevzut organizarea de APC i APL a unor
De asemenea a fost publicat Raportul evenimente de informare a populaiei pri-
CpDOM cu privire la respectarea drepturilor vind drepturile i libertile fundamentale,
omului n Republica Moldova n anul 2011. de combatere a torturii, relelor tratamente,
Ediiile enumerate au fost distribuite discriminrii pe diferite criterii, a violenei
petiionarilor, autoritilor publice locale, n domestice. Iar punctul 82/6 din PNADO
biblioteci raionale i municipale, Academiei Educarea i informarea cu privire la drep-
de Administrare Public de pe lng Pre- turile omului prevede expres organiza-
rea decadei drepturilor omului la nivelul
126
CAPITOLUL IV

fiecrei autoriti publice211 anual, n luna tinele necesare pentru a-i apra dreptu-
decembrie. Cu toate acestea, promovarea rile sau snt insuficient informai, inclusiv
drepturilor omului i n special organizarea despre posibilitile de a apela la ajutorul
decadei pentru drepturile omului, rmne a avocailor parlamentari. Pentru a ajunge la
fi n temei preocuparea i obligaia de baz publicul-int, evenimentele cu caracter
a Centrului pentru Drepturile Omului. de promovare i instruire se cer a fi orga-
Or, situaia existent la capitolul res- nizate mai aproape de ceteni la sate,
pectarea drepturilor omului i informarea centre raionale. Totodat, materialele in-
populaiei din localitile din mediu rural formative i de promovare ar putea fi mai
despre drepturile de care dispun impun accesibile pentru public sub form de spo-
abordri serioase i aciuni conjugate ale turi video i audio, bannere i publicitate
CpDOM, APC, APL i ale organizaiilor ne- stradal, care ns constituie un lux neper-
guvernamentale. Resursele umane i fi- mis pentru CpDOM, din cauza bugetului
nanciare trebuie direcionate spre aceast foarte modest prevzut pentru aciuni de
categorie de ceteni, care nu au cuno- promovare.
211
Hotrrile Parlamentului 90/12.05.2011 Hotrre
cu privire la aprobarea Planului naional de
aciuni n domeniul drepturilor omului pe anii
2011-2014 //Monitorul Oficial 118-121/331,
22.07.2011.
127
Alte aspecte ale activitii Centrului pentru Drepturile Omului n anul 2012 CAPITOLUL V
CAPITOLUL V
Alte aspecte ale activitii Centrului pentru
Drepturile Omului n anul 2012
1. Activitatea Centrului pentru Drepturile Omului n cifre
Pentru exercitarea atribuiilor avocailor n acest mod, a fost identificat un mo-

parlamentari, pornind de la situaia existen- del mai adecvat de management pentru a
t n domeniul respectrii drepturilor omu- mbunti eficiena i performana insti-
lui, problemele stringente pe segmentul tuiei. Experiena CpDOM de planificare a
dat cu care se confrunt cetenii, activita- activitii constituie o dovad elocvent a
tea CpDOM este planificat anual, semes- importanei acestui proces pentru realiza-
trial, trimestrial i lunar. Agenda instituiei rea obiectivelor propuse. Astfel, n 2012,
poate ns fi modificat n funcie de unele n planul de activitate au fost trasate 35 de
evoluii ale evenimentelor, avocaii parla- aciuni pe diferite domenii, fiind realizate
mentari, angajaii CpDOM intervenind n 32 - sau 91,4 % din activitile programate.
mod operativ i uzitnd de prghiile prev- Avocaii parlamentari, conform artico-
zute de legislaie n cazurile de nclcare lului 15 din Legea cu privire la avocaii par-
grav a drepturilor omului sau a unui grup lamentari nr.1349 din 17.10.1997, exami-
de persoane. n mod cert, activitile plani- neaz cererile privind deciziile sau aciunile
ficate i realizate de CpDOM reflect obiec- (inaciunile) autoritilor publice centrale
tivele i sarcinile trasate n Planul naional i locale, instituiilor, organizaiilor i ntre-
de aciuni n domeniul drepturilor omului prinderilor, indiferent de tipul de proprie-
pentru anii 2011-2014. tate, asociaiilor obteti i persoanelor cu
Mai nou, n anul 2012 a fost fcut un funcii de rspundere de toate nivelurile
pas important n direcia elaborrii planului care, n opinia petiionarului, au nclcat
de dezvoltare strategic a Centrului pentru drepturile i libertile lui constituionale.
Drepturile Omului din Moldova, aciune Astfel, pentru realizarea drepturilor ce-
indispensabil n contextul procesului de tenilor care pretind c le-au fost lezate
reform a sistemului de justiie i implicit drepturile i libertile garantate de Consti-
al reformrii i dezvoltrii instituionale a tuie, acestora li se ofer posibilitatea de a
CpDOM. Astfel, n anul 2012, cu susinerea sesiza Centrul pentru Drepturile Omului n
financiar a PNUD Moldova, un grup de form scris, precum i verbal n cadrul au-
experi a elaborat un Raport de analiz i dienelor.
evaluare instituional a Centrului pentru
Petiiile adresate de orice persoan fizi-
Drepturile Omului din Moldova. Evaluarea
c, fr deosebire de cetenie, vrst, sex,
instituional a fost realizat cu antrena-
apartenen politic sau convingeri religi-
rea avocailor parlamentari, a personalului
oase snt recepionate, examinate i solu-
CpDOM, fiind n mod participativ identifica-
ionate, n condiiile legii.
te punctele forte i cele slabe ale instituiei
din perspectiva proceselor interne de ma- n perioada 01 ianuarie - 30 decembrie
nagement aplicate n CpDOM. Constatrile 2012, la Centrul pentru Drepturile Omului
i recomandrile acestui document stau la din Moldova au parvenit 1 766 cereri, la
baza etapei a doua - elaborarea planului oficiul central din Chiinu au fost recep-
strategic de dezvoltare a CpDOM, care pre- ionate 1 473 de petiii i la reprezentanele
supune stabilirea obiectivelor strategice ale CpDOM respectiv din Cahul - 91, din Bli
instituiei i a planului de aciuni corespun- - 135, din Comrat - 61 i satul Varnia - 6
ztor. adresri (vezi Anexa nr.13).
128
CAPITOLUL V
Alte aspecte ale activitii Centrului pentru Drepturile Omului n anul 2012
Analiza datelor statistice relev c cele invocat mai multe obiecii la calitatea actu-
mai frecvente motive de adresare la Cen- lui justiiei. Dintre acestea n 174 de petiii
trul pentru Drepturile Omului snt legate, se reclam tergiversarea examinrii cauze-
n mod constant, de pretinsele nclcri ale lor, n 49 - neexecutarea hotrrilor judec-
dreptului la acces liber la justiie, dreptul la toreti, n 105 adresri se invoc dezacordul
asisten i protecie social, la proprietate cu sentina/hotrrea pronunat, iar 69 de
privat i munc, precum i nerespectarea cazuri se refer la lezarea dreptului la recurs
dreptului la securitate i demnitate perso- efectiv.
nal. Din totalul celor 1766 de petiii adre- Conform statisticii CpDOM, numrul
sate n 2012, ca i n anul precedent, cel mai adresrilor privind accesul liber la justiie
actual subiect abordat de ctre solicitani este relativ constant, variind neesenial de
este pretinsa nclcare a dreptului de acces la un an la altul.
liber la justiie. Astfel, 397 de petiionari au
Clasificarea adresrilor potrivit dreptului pretins lezat
Tematic Petiii 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Accesul liber la justiie 397 361 429 392 401
Securitatea i demnitatea personal 217 280 422 536 264
Dreptul la asisten i protecie social 187 190 172 177 127
Proprietate privat 144 113 148 136 78
Acces la informaie 93 130 160 146 131
Dreptul la munc 109 93 73 110 73
Viaa familial 116 92 117 88 27
Dreptul la aprare 45 54 39 69 12
Viaa intim i privat 6 21 12 12 4
Dreptul la instruire 39 25 16 9 2
Dreptul la petiionare 17 25 37 15 23
Dreptul la libera circulaie 12 10 30 18 10
Dreptul la ocrotirea sntii 59 50 45 43 44
Liberti personale 35 16 4 9 11
Dreptul la administrare 12 13 10 2 5
Dreptul la cetenie 7 7 3 5 6
Dreptul de vot i de a fi ales 1 2 1 - -
Altele 270 170 5 98 178
Not. La rubricaAltele snt incluse cererile n care nu se invoc nclcarea unui drept constituional i nu
pot fi ncadrate n sistemul de eviden automatizat a adresrilor parvenite la CpDOM, cum ar fi drepturile
consumatorilor, solicitarea consultaiilor juridice, interpretarea actelor normative, precum i cereri cu presu-
puse nclcri care au avut loc n afara teritoriului Republicii Moldova.
Dac pn n prezent numrul adresrilor anul 2012 a fost nregistrat cel mai mic indi-
ce vizau securitatea i demnitatea personal cator la acest subiect pe parcursul ultimilor 5
erau n cretere permanent, atunci n anul ani. Comparativ cu anul 2009 cnd nclcarea
raportat instituia a nregistrat o descretere dreptului la securitatea i demnitatea perso-
esenial a numrului solicitrilor cu invoca- nal a fost cel mai des invocat n adresrile
rea acestui subiect de la 280 n anul 2011, parvenite la CpDOM (536 cereri), acest indi-
la 217 n anul 2012. Este de menionat c n cator este n descretere cu 319 cereri. Ast-
129
fel, din 217 de cereri nregistrate la tematica este identificat instituia competent pen-
respectiv n 133 de cazuri se reclam con- tru soluionarea cazului. (Vezi Anexa nr.15
diiile de detenie n instituiile penitenciare Clasificarea cererilor n funcie de decizia
(dintre ele n 117 cazuri invocndu-se condi- adoptat).
iile de detenie inadecvate, comparativ cu Dintre cele 1 766 de cereri nregistrate,
anul 2011-134 de cazuri, iar n alte 15 cazuri, 1017 - au fost acceptate spre examinare. Pe
asistena medical neadecvat). n 40 cazuri cazurile date au fost emise acte de reaci-
a fost invocat aplicarea torturii i a trata- onare; a fost solicitat concursul organelor
mentelor inumane sau degradante (anul i persoanelor cu funcii de rspundere; au
2011 - 50 de cazuri), iar 28 petiii se refer la fost naintate propuneri de modificare a le-
lezarea demnitii personale (anul 2011-28 gislaiei etc.
cazuri). n 3 adresri se indic lezarea drep-
n 284 de cazuri cererile au fost remise
tului de a fi informat la reinere sau aresta-
spre examinare autoritilor competente
re, n 8 - lezarea dreptului la via, iar ntr-un
cu trimitere la prevederile art. 20 lit. c) din
caz se menioneaz nclcarea legislaiei la
Legea nr. 1349 din 17.10.1997, fiind instituit
compartimentul respectarea procedurii de
controlul avocatului parlamentar asupra re-
efectuare a percheziiei (anul 2011 - 3 ca-
zultatelor examinrii. Alte 465 de cereri au
zuri).
fost respinse n temeiul art. art. 16, 17 i 18
Dreptul la asisten i protecie social din Legea cu privire la avocaii parlamen-
constituie un alt drept, a crui lezare se in- tari, petiionarilor indicndu-se procedurile
voc frecvent de ctre beneficiarii CpDOM. pe care snt n drept s le foloseasc pentru
Abordarea drepturilor economice, sociale i a-i apra drepturile i libertile.
culturale prin prisma Pactului Internaional
Comparativ cu anii precedeni, n ulti-
cu privire la drepturile economice, sociale i
mii ani instituia avocatului parlamentar
culturale menine aceast tem pe cea de-a
a schimbat modalitatea de activitate, im-
doua poziie n statistica oficial a institui-
plicndu-se mai activ n problemele aborda-
ei. n 78 de cazuri petiionarii susin c nu
te de ceteni. Astfel, dac n anul 2008 au
le snt acordate nlesnirile sociale cuvenite,
fost admise doar circa 21 % din petiii, remi-
54 de persoane consider c nu li se asigur
se fiind aproximativ jumtate din numrul
dreptul la un trai decent, iar n 55 de cazuri
total al acestora, apoi pe parcursul anilor
se reclam modul de calculare a prestaiilor.
cifra de admitere a petiiilor a crescut per-
Conform statisticii CpDOM, numrul adres-
manent, n anul 2012 cota parte a petiiilor
rilor ce invoc lezarea dreptului la asisten
admise fiind de 57 %.
i protecie social este relativ constant.
Faptul dat a condiionat majorarea trep-
Din numrul total al persoanelor care pe
tat a interveniilor avocatului parlamentar
parcursul anului 2012 s-au adresat la Centru
i a actelor de reacionare.
pentru Drepturile Omului, 34,31% o consti-
tuie deinuii, 14,10% - angajaii, 11,66 % -
Acordarea de asisten juridic
pensionarii, 5,66 % - persoane neangajate,
9,63 % - invalizii, 0,51% - studenii, 1,25 % gratuit cetenilor (art. 38 din Le-
- omerii, precum i alte categorii mai puin gea cu privire la avocaii parlamen-
numeroase, date reflectate procentual n tari, punctul 19 din Regulamentul
anexa nr. 14. (Vezi Anexa nr. 3 Clasificarea CpDOM)
petiiilor dup categoriile de adresani).
Principalele surse de identificare a pro-
Examinarea cererilor are drept scop
blemelor de sistem i lacunelor legislative
identificarea dreptului pretins lezat, verifi-
pentru avocaii parlamentari rmn plnge-
carea caracterului temeinic al cererii n ra-
rile cetenilor i informaia primit n ca-
port cu cadrul legislativ i normativ naio-
drul audienelor.
nal i internaional, examinarea posibilitii
de implicare a ombudsmanului, iar n cazul Primirea n audien a cetenilor are
n care cererea se afl n afara mandatului, loc zilnic n sediul CpDOM i ale reprezen-
130
CAPITOLUL V
tanelor Centrului din Bli, Cahul, Comrat Fiecare avocat parlamentar primete n
i Varnia. audien cel puin de 3 ori pe lun. n cele-
Potrivit art.40 din Legea cu privire la lalte zile, petiionarii snt primii n audien
avocaii parlamentari, una dintre atribuiile de ctre funcionarii instituiei.
filialelor instituiei este primirea cetenilor n 12 luni ale anului 2012 avocaii parla-
n audien la sediul reprezentanei, cu pre- mentari i funcionarii CpDOM au primit n
zentarea datelor privind tematicile aborda- audien 2 796 ceteni, cu 456 mai mul-
te de ceteni, iar dac pretinsa nclcare i dect n cu anul 2011 (vezi Anexa nr. 16).
poate fi examinat n sensul Legii cu privire Sporirea vizibilitii instituiei ar putea fi o
la avocaii parlamentari, s-i ncurajeze s explicaie plauzibil pentru faptul dat.
depun cerere.
Acte de reacionare
Drept urmare a examinrii cererilor admise, au fost ntocmite i naintate autoritilor
competente, privind nclcrile drepturilor constituionale ale cetenilor, urmtoarele
acte de reacionare:
Tipul aciunii/actului de reacionare 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008

Aviz (n temeiul art.27 din Legea nr. 1349) 77 95 144 68 13
Demersuri (pentru intentarea unui proces penal/ 22 13 32 33 8
disciplinar n privina persoanei cu funcii de
rspundere care a comis nclcri ce au generat
lezarea considerabil a drepturilor i libertilor
omului ( art.28 lit. b) Legea nr. 1349)
Sesizri asupra cazurilor de nclcri a eticii de 15 14 59 2 -
serviciu, trgnare i birocratism, n temeiul
art.28 lit.d) Legea 1349)
Sesizri la Curtea Constituional (n temeiul 6 7 10 - 2
art.31 din Legea nr.1349)
Aciuni n judecat/cereri cu privire la 15/44 6 6 - -
intervenirea n proces pentru a depune concluzii
(n conformitate cu art. 74 CPC)
Rapoarte tematice 6 9 24 - -
Acord de conciliere 4 8 1 - -
Propuneri privind mbuntirea aparatului 19 7 - - -
administrativ n temeiul art. 29 lit.b) din Legea
nr.1349
Propuneri de perfecionare a legislaiei n 11 11 28 5 10
domeniul drepturilor omului (prezentate
Parlamentului i Guvernului n temeiul art.29
lit.a) din Legea nr.1349)
Autosesizare 52 22 - - -
N TOTAL 230 192 304 108 33
131
Datele prezentate atest o majorare a cu funcii de rspundere ale cror decizii

numrului actelor de reacionare, compara- sau aciuni (inaciuni), dup prerea lor, n-
tiv cu anul precedent. calc drepturile i libertile constituionale
Acest lucru a fost determinat de majora- ale omului, avize care conin recomandri
rea numrului de petiii acceptate, precum privind msurile ce urmeaz a fi luate pen-
i implicarea mai activ a avocatului parla- tru repunerea imediat n drepturile ncl-
mentar n problemele abordate de ceteni. cate a petiionarului.
n anul 2012 au fost ntocmite 77 de avi-
Aviz cu recomandri (art. 27 din ze cu recomandri, care au fost transmise n
Legea cu privire la avocaii adresa autoritilor publice centrale i loca-
parlamentari) le. Pentru comparaie, n anul precedent au
fost elaborate 95 de avize cu recomandri,
n situaiile n care se constat nclcri
acestea fiind adresate urmtoarelor auto-
ale drepturilor petiionarilor, avocaii parla-
riti:
mentari prezint organelor sau persoanelor
Instituiile vizate n avize

Instituia vizat 2012 2011
Guvernul i autoritile publice centrale 1 7
Ministerul Muncii, Proteciei Sociale i Familiei, inclusiv instituiile 13 18
subordonate
Ministerul Educaiei i instituiile subordonate 7 11
Ministerul Afacerilor Interne, inclusiv subdiviziunile subordonate i serviciile 16 18
desconcentrate
Ministerul Justiiei, inclusiv instituiile subordonate 16 23
Sistemul judectoresc - 1
Procuratura General i organele procuraturii - 3
Autoritile publice locale 11 5
Primria/Consiliul mun. Chiinu 1 7
Persoanele juridice 7 1
Ministerul Aprrii i instituiile subordonate 3 1
Ministerul Finanelor 1 -
n total 77 95
Din numrul total de avize, 29 au fost n- form standardelor n domeniu, asigurarea

aintate n urma vizitelor efectuate n cadrul iluminrii, ventilrii, aprovizionrii cu ap i
activitii Mecanismului Naional de Pre- energie electric, lenjerie, hran suficient.
venire a Torturii, n adresa instituiilor care Majoritatea recomandrilor avocailor par-
asigur detenia persoanelor (13 n adresa lamentari snt ndeplinite, n limita resurse-
instituiilor penitenciare, 14 comisariatelor financiare alocate instituiilor vizate din
lor de poliie, 2 n subdiviziuni ale Departa- bugetul de stat.
mentului Trupelor de Carabinieri). n majo- Dup cum rezult din tabel, n anul
ritatea acestor avize au fost naintate reco- 2012 s-a majorat numrul avizelor naintate
mandri privind ameliorarea condiiilor de autoritilor publice locale i persoanelor
detenie: asigurarea spaiului locativ con- juridice.
132
CAPITOLUL V
Demers pentru intentarea unui Sesizare (art.28 lit.d) din Legea cu
proces disciplinar sau penal privire la avocaii parlamentari)
(art.28 lit.b din Legea cu privire la
n temeiul prevederilor art. 28 lit.d) din
avocaii parlamentari) Legea cu privire la avocaii parlamentari
n anul 2012 avocaii parlamentari au au fost naintate 16 sesizri persoanelor cu
intervenit de 22 ori ctre instituiile compe- funcii de rspundere de toate nivelurile pe
tente cu demersuri pentru intentarea pro- marginea cazurilor de neglijen n lucru,
ceselor disciplinare sau penale n privina de nclcare a eticii de serviciu, de trg-
persoanelor cu funcii de rspundere care nare i birocratism, dup cum urmeaz:
au comis nclcri ce au generat lezarea Secretarului General al Guvernului
considerabil a drepturilor i libertilor (exercitarea controlului administrativ al
omului, dup cum urmeaz: actelor emise de APL) 7;
Procuratura General i procuraturile Ministerului Muncii Proteciei Sociale i
raionale 18; Familiei 2;
Departamentul instituiilor Ministerului Educaiei 1;
penitenciare - 1;
Serviciul Grniceri 1; Instituiilor subordonate Ministerului
MAI 1; Sntii 1;
Staia zonal Asistena Medical Autoritilor publice locale 4;
Urgent - 1. Executorului judectoresc 1.
Drept urmare a demersurilor naintate, Au fost scoase n eviden urmtoarele
n 7 cazuri a fost intentat urmrirea pena- probleme de sistem:
l; n 3 - a fost emis ordonan de refuz de Neachitarea pensiei alimentare institu-
ncepere procedurii penale; alte 6 cazuri ite prin hotrrile instanelor judecto-
snt n proces de examinare. ntr-un caz s-a reti;
decis nceperea procedurii disciplinare; un Inaciunea autoritilor tutelare n do-
caz s-a discutat la edina operativ unde meniul proteciei drepturilor copiilor;
s-a decis examinarea pe viitor a astfel de Alimentaia nesatisfctoare a copiilor
adresri n regim de urgen, n 3 cazuri s-a i calitatea rea a produselor alimentare
solicitat nceperea procedurii disciplinare. n instituiile precolare;
Din cele 22 de demersuri sus-menio- Exercitarea defectuoas a atribuiilor de
nate, 13 au fost naintate pe linia Mecanis- serviciu de ctre conductorii instituii-
mului Naional de Prevenire a Torturii (11 lor colare i precolare.
se refer la tortur, tratamente inumane i Pentru comparaie, n anul 2011 au fost
degradante, iar n 2 cazuri s-a solicitat nce- naintate 14 sesizri.
perea procedurii disciplinare).
Concluzia ce se impune este c negli-
Spre exemplu, la demersul avocatului jena i iresponsabilitatea persoanelor cu
parlamentar, procuratura a dispus ncepe- funcii de rspundere conduc frecvent la
rea urmririi penale pe faptul maltratrii nclcri ale drepturilor omului.
condamnatei C.G. de ctre colaboratorii Pe-
nitenciarului nr.13. Tot la iniiativa CpDOM Obiecii i propuneri de ordin
s-a dispus nceperea urmririi penale i n
cazul maltratrii condamnatului V.C.
general privind mbuntirea ac-
tivitii aparatului administrativ
Un alt caz de intervenie a avocatului
parlamentar pe faptul maltratrii de ctre (art. 29 lit.b din Legea cu privire la
colaboratorii CPR Briceni a minorului V.S. avocaii parlamentari)
s-a soldat cu anularea ordonanei de nen-
cepere a urmrii penale i pornirea urmririi n perioada de referin avocaii par-
penale n privina colaboratorilor de poli- lamentari, n 19 cazuri, au naintat autori-
ie. tilor publice centrale i locale obiecii i
133
propuneri privind mbuntirea aparatului Autoritile sesizate i-au expus opinii-

administrativ, dup cum urmeaz: le pe marginea recomandrilor avocailor
Ministerelor i instituiilor parlamentari i au informat despre msurile
subordonate 6; ntreprinse, n vederea respectrii drepturi-
Autoritilor publice locale 8; lor i libertilor constituionale ale fiecrui
Serviciul Stare Civil 1; cetean.
Organelor de drept 3;
Mass media 1. Concilierea prilor (art. 23 din
Legea cu privire la avocaii
Propunerile naintate de ctre avocaii
parlamentari autoritilor publice centrale
parlamentari)
i locale au vizat urmtoarele probleme: Avocaii parlamentari, n calitate de me-
evitarea deinerii preventive a persoa- diatori, au soluionat 4 plngeri prin concili-
nelor pe o perioad ce ar depi 72 de erea prilor, gsind soluii reciproc accep-
ore n izolatoarele de detenie provizo- tabile de toate prile implicate. Pe aceste
rie i n comisariatele de poliie, (ncl- cazuri concilierea s-a finalizat prin semna-
carea a fost depistat n cadrul vizitei rea acordurilor corespunztoare, fapt care a
preventive a angajailor Reprezentanei constituit temei pentru ncetarea procesu-
CpDOM din Cahul la Comisariatul de lui de examinare a cererilor. Drept urmare
Poliie Vulcneti); a concilierilor:
garantarea eficient a serviciilor medi- Pe 16.01.2012 avocatul parlamentar a
cale persoanelor aflate n detenie pro- aprobat acordul de conciliere ncheiat n-
vizorie n subdiviziunile MAI, (drept te- tre Primria municipiului Bli i cetea-
mei de naintare a prezentei propuneri, nul M.C., prin care autoritatea a fost obli-
a servit sesizarea rudelor unei persoane gat s primeasc actele de la petiionar
reinute); pentru privatizarea apartamentului;
revizuirea i verificarea strii fondului La 14.02.2012 avocatul parlamentar a
locativ att la nivel local, ct i cel repu- recomandat Ageniei pentru ocuparea
blican de ctre Ministerul Dezvoltrii forei de munc din mun. Bli s o n-
Regionale i Construciilor, precum registreze pe I.I. ca omer;
i stoparea lucrrilor de construcie a
mansardelor pe blocurile locative cu un La 19.03.2012, prin acordul de concilie-
grad avansat de exploatare; adoptarea re aprobat de ctre avocatul parlamen-
unui cadru legislativ, ce ar impune ri- tar, M Gospodria SpecializatAUTO
gori stricte privind remedierea situaiei Bli, i-a fost recomandat, n termen de
n domeniul construciei de mansarde, 3 zile, s perfecteze un nou contract de
(aceast nclcare a fost invocat de c- prestare a serviciilor de salubrizare cu
tre un grup de ceteni). ceteanul E.C.;
completarea echipajelor de asisten Pe data de 29.08.2012 CpDOM a reco-
medical urgent conform normelor mandat SABasarabia Nord s-i achite
de personal - medic de urgen, ulti- ceteanului M.B, care a suferit un acci-
mul avnd instruire postuniversitar n dent de munc i a rmas orb, cheltu-
domeniul medicinii de urgen, speci- ielile suplimentare pentru reabilitarea
alizare i perfecionare n domeniu, ct medical, social i profesional.
i dotarea acestuia cu aparataj, utilaj i
preparate ce ar permite acordarea asis- naintarea aciunilor civile n
tenei de urgen calificat nemijlocit temeiul art.28 din Legea cu privire
la locul faptei, (recomandarea n cauz la avocaii parlamentari
a fost ntocmit n baza autosesizrii
avocatului parlamentar privind aban- Dup examinarea cererilor, avocaii
donarea bolnavului X de ctre echipa parlamentari snt n drept s adreseze n
de asisten medical). instanele de judecat cereri n aprarea
134
CAPITOLUL V
intereselor petiionarilor. Acest mecanism pensionarilor A.A., V.B. i M.A. privind
este aplicat n cazurile de nclcare n mas aprarea dreptului la proprietate i obli-
sau grav a drepturilor i libertilor consti- garea GAS Fntna Recea de a restitui
tuionale ale omului, n cazurile de o impor- petiionarilor cota valoric ce le apari-
tan social deosebit sau n cazurile cnd ne cu drept de proprietate conform do-
este necesar de a apra interesele unor cumentelor confirmatoare.
persoane ce nu pot folosi de sine stttor
mijloacele juridice de aprare. Investigaii din proprie iniiativ
n perioada de referin au fost trimise (art.21 lit.a din Legea cu privire la
n instana de judecat 15 cereri de chema- avocaii parlamentari)
re n judecat n aprarea intereselor peti-
ionarilor i 44 de cereri cu privire la inter- n baza planului de aciuni, precum i
venirea n procesul civil pentru a depune a informaiilor privind nclcarea n mas
concluzii, n temeiul art. 74 din Codul de sau grav a drepturilor i libertilor consti-
procedur civil. tuionale ale cetenilor i n cazurile de o
importan social deosebit, preluate din
Datele menionate indic dublarea n mass-media i din alte surse veridice, avo-
anul 2012 a numrului de aciuni civile n- caii parlamentari n anul 2012 au pornit din
aintate n instana de judecat, fa de anii proprie iniiativ 52 de investigri cu referi-
2010 - 2011. re la diverse subiecte, cum ar fi:
Spre exemplu, avocatul parlamentar a Asigurarea unui mediu nconjurtor s-
naintat cerere de chemare n judecat n ntos;
interesele reprezentantului legal al copilu-
lui L.D. privind repararea prejudiciului ma- Asigurarea dreptului la ocrotirea sn-
terial i moral, recunoaterea de ctre Spita- tii;
lul Clinic Republican pentru Copii Emilian Calitatea spoturilor publicitare din
Coaga a violrii dreptului constituional al perspectiva asigurrii egalitii gen-
copilului decedat S.D.; der;
Avocatul parlamentar a naintat cerere Asigurarea dreptului la asisten i pro-
de chemare n judecat n interesele ce- tecie social;
teanului M.B. privind aprarea drep- Asigurarea dreptului la integritate fizic
tului la acces liber la justiie i compen- i psihic;
sarea cheltuielilor suplimentare pentru Asigurarea drepturilor copiilor institui-
reabilitarea medical, social n legtu- onalizai i ale celor rmai fr ocrotire
r cu vtmarea sntii ca urmare a printeasc;
accidentului de munc;
Asigurarea drepturilor persoanelor cu
Avocatul parlamentar a naintat cerere dizabiliti etc.
de chemare n judecat n interesele Dei Centrul pentru Drepturile Omului
2. Alte aspecte ale activitii Instituiei avocailor parlamentari

activeaz de 15 ani212, problemele cu care tru protecia drepturilor omului. Edificiul
se confrunt instituia avocailor parlamen- Centrului pentru Drepturile Omului (mun.
tari persist ani de-a rndul. Chiinu, str.Sfatul rii,16) este situat ntr-
Lipsa unui sediu adecvat rmne a fi o o cldire n stare avariat, cu un grad de
problem esenial a CpDOM. Totodat, cu rezisten seismic aproape nul. Edificiul
sedii corespunztoare nu snt asigurate nici nu corespunde normativelor n construc-
reprezentanele Instituiei naionale pen- ie i standardelor tehnice. Acest fapt este
confirmat prin Actul de expertiz tehnic
Legea cu privire la avocaii parlamentari nr.1349
212 nr.NDA-67 din 26.03.1998, efectuat de
din 17.10.1997
135
Serviciul de Stat pentru verificarea i ex- avocai parlamentari au la dispoziie pentru

pertizarea construciilor de pe lng Minis- exercitarea mandatului doar dou uniti
terul Construciei i Dezvoltrii Regionale. de transport:
Conform concluziilor expertizei, cldirea a 1. Toyota HIACE (microbuz) a.f.1998 i
fost construit din materiale de construc- primit n 2001, n cadrul proiectului
ii interzise spre utilizare n zone seismice, PNUD;
actul recomand examinarea posibilitii
de demolare a cldirii n cauz i ridicarea
2. VAZ 2107 a.f. 2002, transmis n baza
Hotrrii Guvernului nr. 1193 din 13 oc-
unei alte construcii, cu respectarea cerin-
tombrie 2006.
elor moderne n domeniu. n aceast situ-
aie angajaii Centrului pentru Drepturile Alte dou autovehicule, GAZ 2410 (a.f.
Omului activeaz n condiii de risc, nefiin- 1991) i GAZ 3102 (a.f. 1993), transmise
du-le asigurat nici un nivel de protecie i Centrului pentru Drepturile Omului n baza
siguran n caz de calamiti naturale. n Hotrrii Parlamentului nr. 163 din 18 mai
alt context, suprapopularea birourilor i lip- 2008, snt excesiv de uzate i nu au fost uti-
sa spaiilor libere face imposibil asigurarea lizate din cauza strii tehnice deplorabile.
condiiilor de munc decente i suplinirea Reparaia i punerea n funciune a acestora
funciilor vacante. n condiiile n care au un consum de circa
16,5 litri la 100 km este nentemeiat finan-
Nici sediile n care snt amplasate re-
ciar i iraional managerial.
prezentanele Bli, Cahul i Comrat ale
Centrului pentru Drepturile Omului nu n anul 2011 a fost soluionat asigura-
corespund cerinelor i condiiilor minime rea Reprezentanelor Centrului cu 3 auto-
necesare pentru buna funcionare a unei mobile de modelul DACIA LOGAN, donate
autoriti publice independente. Amplasa- de PNUD Moldova n cadrul Proiectului de
rea actual nereuit a oficiilor reprezen- Asisten Tehnic Susinerea n consolida-
tanelor CpDOM reduce din posibilitile rea Mecanismului Naional de Prevenire a
cetenilor de a apela la ajutorul avocailor Torturii .
parlamentari. Astfel, Reprezentana Cahul Pe marginea Raportului Centrului pen-
este situat la etajul patru al cldirii Prim- tru Drepturile Omului privind respectarea
riei Cahul, unde nu exist lift. Din aceast drepturilor omului n Republica Moldova n
cauz persoanele n etate sau cu dizabili- anul 2010, n baza Hotrrii Comisiei dreptu-
ti locomotorii, practic, nu au anse s se rile omului i relaii interetnice a Parlamen-
adreseze angajailor oficiului teritorial al tului Republicii Moldova, n scopul de a
CpDOM pentru ajutor sau consultaii. Am- optimiza activitatea instituiei, prin Ordinul
plasarea Reprezentanei Bli n cldirea ministrului Justiiei nr. 20 din 30 mai 2011, a
administraiei publice locale, n mod inevi- fost instituit grupul de lucru responsabil de
tabil, reduce din independena acesteia n examinarea problemelor de ordin financiar,
raport cu locatorii, astfel limitndu-se capa- logistic i structural.
citatea de a reaciona prompt la sesizrile Crearea acestui grup de lucru ns nu
mpotriva acestor autoriti. Reprezentana s-a soldat cu un rezultat pozitiv, Instituia
Comrat este amplasat ntr-o ncpere care naional pentru promovarea i protecia
este parte component a unei gospodrii drepturilor omului fiind impus n continu-
private i nu este compatibil cu sediul unei are s nfrunte aceleai probleme n activi-
autoriti publice. tate.
Lipsa mijloacelor de transport suficien-
te pentru a asigura activitatea avocailor Buget 2012
parlamentari i a Mecanismului Naional de
Prevenire a Torturii este un alt impediment Conform Legii bugetului de stat pe anul
n realizarea plenar a misiunii Instituiei 2012 nr.282 din 27.12.2011, Centrului pen-
naionale pentru promovarea i protejarea tru Drepturile Omului din Moldova i-au fost
drepturilor omului. Actualmente, cei patru aprobate surse financiare la componenta
136
CAPITOLUL V
bugetar cheltuieli de baz 4594.80 mii lei. temporar de munc achitate de angajator
Potrivit Legii privind sistemul bu- - 5,9 mii lei.
getar i procesul bugetar nr.847-XI- Executarea bugetului pentru anul 2012
II din 24.05.1996 i Ordinului Ministeru- este de 99,9%.
lui Finanelor privind clasificaia bugetar
nr.91 din 20.10.2008, Centrul pentru Drep- Mediul intern
turile Omului a repartizat sursele financiare
dup cum urmeaz: La data raportrii, Centrul pentru Drep-
1. Cheltuieli pentru retribuirea muncii turile Omului din Moldova are n compo-
3 403.4 mii lei (inclusiv: contribuii de asi- nen urmtorul personal real ncadrat: 4
gurri sociale de stat obligatorii - 590.8 mii avocai parlamentari, 34 funcionari care
lei, prime de asigurare obligatorie de asis- asigur avocailor asisten organizato-
ten medical -88.8 mii lei), ceea ce consti- ric informaional i tiinifico-analitic,
tuie 74% din suma total alocat. inclusiv 9 din reprezentanele din terito-
riu, precum i 8 uniti personal tehnic, n
2. Cheltuieli pentru asigurarea funcio-
total numrnd 47 persoane, n raport cu
nrii instituiei i desfurarea nemijlocit a
cele 55 de uniti din schema de ncadra-
activitii avocailor parlamentari - 1090.30
re. Pe parcursul anului 2012 de la CpDOM
mii lei (inclusiv: 265.2 mii lei arenda si ser-
s-au eliberat 4 persoane si au fost angajate
viciile comunale, 200.3 mii lei paza interde-
4 persoane.
partamental, 201.0 mii lei cheltuieli pentru
ntreinerea mijloacelor de transport, 62.9 Toi funcionarii publici angajai au
mii lei servicii editoriale i 360.9 mii lei chel- studii superioare n domeniul funciei ocu-
tuieli rechizite de birou, servicii de teleco- pate, iar 3 studii postuniversitare de pro-
municaie i de pot, lucrri de informatic fil, 3 persoane au absolvit dou faculti.
si de calcul etc.), ceea ce constituie 2 4% din Structura instituiei potrivit Regu-
suma total alocat. lamentului Centrului pentru Drepturile
3. Cheltuieli pentru plata cotizaiilor de Omului, statutul de funcii, modul de fi-
membru al organizaiilor internaionale de nanare, aprobat prin Hotrrea Parlamen-
specialitate - 33.8 mii lei. tului nr.57 din 20.03.2008, gradul de com-
pletare a serviciilor snt prezentate detaliat
4. Cheltuieli pentru deplasri n interes
n Anexa II.
de serviciu 61.4 mii lei.
5. Indemnizaii pentru incapacitatea
137
Denumirea indicilor Clasif.econ.

Plan de Realizat
finantare
Art. Alin. 2012 2012
Remunerarea muncii 111 00 2723,80 2723,80
Contribuiile la bugetul asigurrilor sociale de 112 00 590,80 590,80
stat
Contribuiile la asistena medical 116 00 88,80 88,80
n total cheltuieli pentru remunerarea 111 112 3403,40 3403,40

muncii 116

Rechizite de birou, materialele si obiectele de 113 03 71,6 71,6
uz gospodresc
Crile si ediiile periodice 113 06 0,8 0,8
Serviciile de telecomunicaie si de posta 113 11 91,6 91,6
Arendarea mijloacelor de transport si 113 13 201,0 201,0

ntreinerea mijloacelor de transport proprii
Reparaii curente ale cldirilor i ncperilor 113 17 7,2 7,2
Reparaiile curente ale utilajului si inventarului 113 18 5,5 5,5
Arenda ncperilor 113 19 274,8 265,2

Serviciile editoriale 113 22 62,9 62,9
Cheltuieli de protocol 113 23 0,8 0,8
Paza interdepartamentala 113 29 200,3 200,3
Lucrrile de informatic si de calcul 113 30 39,6 39,6
Salubrizarea 113 35 2,2 2,2
Mrfurile si serviciile neatribuite altor alineate 113 45 133,0 133,0
n total cheltuieli pentru plata mrfurilor si 113 00 1090,3 1081,7

serviciilor

Deplasrile in interiorul tarii 114 01 0,40 0,30
Deplasrile peste hotare 114 02 61,0 61,0
n total cheltuieli pentru deplasrile in 114 00 61,4 61,3
interes de serviciu
138
CAPITOLUL V
Alte transferuri peste hotare (cotizaii de 136 03 33,7 33,7
membru al organizaiilor internaionale)
n total transferurile peste hotare, plata 136 00 33,7 33,7
cotizaiilor de membru al organizaiilor
internaionale de specialitate
Indemnizaii pentru incapacitate temporar 135 33 6,0 5,9

de munca achitate din mijloacele financiare
ale angajatorului
N TOTAL 4594,80 4586,0

139
Anexa 2
Conform Personal efectiv

schemei la 31.12.2012
de ncadrare
Avocai parlamentari 4 4
Aparatul avocailor parlamentari 8 6
Serviciul programe instructive, relaii cu publicul 3 3
Serviciul protecie a drepturilor copilului 3 3
Serviciul recepionare a petiiilor i organizare a 3 2
audienelor
Serviciul investigaii i monitorizare 14 12
Cancelaria 2 2
Serviciul administrativ 5 5
Reprezentane 13 12
TOTAL 55 49
140

2012

2013

I

1. ...........................................................144
2. ....................................................................................................154
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6. ................................................................................................................167
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9. .......................................................................185
10. ...................................................................................194
11. ..............................................................................198
12. .....................................................204
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3. .....236
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5. .................................................................................................247
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1. .............................................................................................................................251
2. ..........................................................................................................................254
3. .....................................................................................................................258
4. ................................................................................................................261
5. .....................................................................................262
6. .....................................................................................................................................264
7. .........................................................................................................265
IV
....................269
V
2012
1. .........................................................276
2. .......................284
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31.12.2012

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288
CAPITOLUL V
Centre for Human Rights from Moldova
REPORT
on the observance of human
rights in the Republic Moldova
in 2012
Chiinu, 2013
289
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
Observance of Human Rights in the Republic of Moldova
1. Ensuring equality of opportunities and non-discrimination..................................292
2. Free access to justice.............................................................................................................301
3. The right to vote and to be elected...................................................................................306
4. Freedom of assembly and association...........................................................................308
5. Freedom of thought, conscience and religion............................................................311
6. The right to health care.......................................................................................................313
7. Observance of the right to work and labour protection..........................................320
8. The right to social assistance and protection............................................................323
9. Protection of persons with disabilities........................................................................329
10. The right to a healthy environment...........................................................................337
11. The right to private property and its protection...................................................341
12. Observance of human rights on the left bank of the Dniester river.............346
CHAPTER II
The activity of the Ombudsman and of the Advisory Council members
under the provisions of the Optional Protocol to the Convention against
Torture and Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
1. The visit of UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and other Cruel,
Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment.....................................................356
2. The methodology of visits...............................................................................................356
3. Visits made in 2012............................................................................................................357
4. Institutions under the Ministry of Internal Affairs...................................................359
5. Institutions under the Ministry of Justice ..................................................................367
6. The status of legality and military discipline in the Armed Forces.....................376
7. Psychiatric Institutions........................................................................................................379
8. Psycho-neurological homes..............................................................................................385
CHAPTER III
Observance of Childrens Rights in the Republic of Moldova
1. Juvenile justice.......................................................................................................................389
2. The right to education......................................................................................................392
3. Childrens protection against abuse............................................................................395
4. The right to health care..................................................................................................398
5. The right to social aid and protection.....................................................................399
6. The right to freedom of opinion.................................................................................401
7. The right of habitation in the family.........................................................................401
CHAPTER IV
Information and Promotion of Human Rights in the Community.........................405
CHAPTER V
Other Aspects of the Activity of the Centre for Human Rights in 2012
1. The activity of the Centre for Human Rights in figures........................................412
2. Other aspects of the activity of Ombudsman Institution.........................................420
CHAPTER I
OBSERVANCE OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE
REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
1. Ensuring equality of opportunities and non-discrimination
On May 25, 2012, the Parliament of the advertising business in reference to loy-
Republic of Moldova approved the Law on alty, honesty, and decency of advertising
Equality. According to the appreciations of as required by the legislation on publicity1.
the ombudsmen, the mentioned law is not
perfect, but represents an important step The application of N.C. requesting
towards the adoption of a legal framework to include (according to Article 124,
that would meet the international require- paragraph 3 of the Labour Code)
ments in the field. Another important docu- the childcare period in the seniority
ment is the National Programme for Gender of the military service was under re-
Equality in the Republic of Moldova for the view by all national courts. On May
years 2010-2015 (PNAEG), adopted by Gov- 23, 2012, the Supreme Court of Jus-
ernment Decision No. 933 of 31/12/2009, tice fully granted the appeal and or-
which provides a comprehensive approach dered the Ministry of Defence to in-
on the issues related to the implementation clude the period of stay in childcare
of the principle of equality between women leave in the calendar seniority of
and men. The document contains provisions the military service of the applicant,
meant to ensure the implementation of the the decision being irrevocable. In
commitments of the Republic of Moldova reference to the petitioner N.C.s re-
in connection with the ratification of sev- quest, addressed to the Court of Ap-
eral international instruments in the field of peals from Chisinau, as court of first
equal opportunities, including the Conven- instance, on obligatory maternity
tion on the Elimination of All Forms of Dis- payment during the childcare leave,
crimination against Women (in force for the a decision was issued on 14/06/2012
Republic of Moldova since 31/07/1994). upholding the action of the Ministry
The existence of regulations on equal- of Defence to pay monthly indem-
ity, implicitly gender, does not solve, at nity to the petitioner on leave for
this stage, the existing problems. So, the minor child care. The decision of the
ombudsmen are concerned about the in- Court of Appeals was contested in
creasing appearance of video commer- the Supreme Court of Justice in an
cials and billboards containing denigra- appeal from the applicant and by
tions towards women and consider that, the decision of the Supreme Court
when disseminating the advertisements, of Justice of 29/11/2012, the case
the advertisers do not comply with the was submitted for new examination
basic principles and requirements of the by the trial court.
Article 11 of the Law on Advertising No. 1227 of 27/06/1997 prohibits advertising that violates generally
1
accepted standards of humanity and morality through defamatory offenses, comparisons and images on
race, nationality, profession, social class, age, gender, language, religious, philosophical, political and any
other type of convictions of the individuals.
292
CHAPTER I

In this context, the National Agency for Republic of Moldova and Article 1 of the
Protection of Competition, the ascertaining Protocol No.1 to the European Convention
agent in cases of offenses for the infringe- on Human Rights to which Moldova is a
ments of the legislation on advertising2, was party. These circumstances have prompted
notified about carrying out an expertise on the Ombudsman to intervene and make the
these advertisements to establish their com- necessary conclusions in connection with
pliance with the legislation on advertising, the legal proceedings filed by the military
and where appropriate, initiate enforcement on the ground of Article 74 of CPC of the
proceedings. Republic of Moldova
The notification of the female military However, in order to eliminate the regu-
addressed to the Ombudsman Institution on latory gaps, the ombudsmen notified the
the phenomenon of discrimination serves as Constitutional Court. By appealing to more
proof of non-observance of the principle of arguments, exposed in the notification, the
gender equality in the social sphere of the ombudsmen requested to check-up the
state. It is based on non-counting the child- constitutionality of the compound word
care leave period in the length of service, women-soldiers and of the phrase but not
including the special period to receive pay- included in the calendar period of the se-
ment from state social insurance budget in niority of military service in Article 32, para-
accordance with the provisions of Article graph 4, letter d) and j) of the Law on the Sta-
124 of the Labour Code. tus of the Military No. 162 of 22/07/2005, and
declare these provisions unconstitutional.
The applications of T.D. requesting By the Decision of the Constitutional Court
to include the period of childcare of November 1, 2012, the word women in
leave in the seniority of military the compound word women-soldiers in Ar-
service and the maternity leave ticle 32 paragraph 4, letters d) and j) of the
payment were examined by the Law on the Status of the Military, as well as
Court of Appeals, as court of first in sections 67, letter j), 88, paragraph 4, let-
instance, which by decision of ter b), 108, letter i), 116, letter e), and 131 of
10/12/2012rejected both claims as the Regulations on the fulfilment of military
being unfounded. The applicant service in the Armed Forces was declared
initiated proceedings to contest the unconstitutional. The Court also ceased the
decision. process to review the constitutionality of the
phrase but not included in in the calendar
Following the examination of the al- period of the seniority of military service in
leged facts and of the analysis of the na- letter j), paragraph 4), article 32 of the Law
tional and international legislation in the on the Status of the Military.
field, the Ombudsman found a restriction A topic closed for discussion continues
of the fundamental rights of the military by to be domestic violence4. The gravity of
applying some legislative provisions3 con- this phenomenon is not fully realized in the
trary to Article 52 of the Constitution of the society.
Article 364 of the Administrative Code provides

2
that the presentation, production or dissemina- According to the information for the year 2012,
4
tion of dishonest and immoral advertising, or provided by the MIA, 6,569 calls were received
any other type of advertising that contravenes reporting domestic violence. 789 criminal cases
the law, by the advertisers is subject to liability were initiated under article 2011 of the Criminal
offences. Code of the RM and 651 administrative cases un-
The Law on the status of the military No. 162 of
3
der article 78 of the Civil Code of the RM. At the
22/07/2005 and the Regulations on the fulfill- request of the persecution bodies, the courts is-
ment of military service in the Armed Forces sued 408 orders of protection, out of which 224
approved by Government decision No. 941 of on women, 5 on children, 165 on women and
17/08/2006. children, 14 on men.
293
Observance of Human Rights in the Republic of Moldova CHAPTER I
With the adoption of the Law on Pre- In this respect, the operative interven-
venting and Combating Domestic Violence tion of law enforcement bodies in docu-
No. 45-XVI of 1/3/2007, the central public menting, examining and determining the
authorities, competent in developing and real circumstances is very important; who
promoting policies for preventing and are known to often avoid undertaking ac-
combating domestic violence and provid- tions required to document the case.
ing social assistance to the subjects of do- In the course of the current year, the
mestic violence, have taken some actions Ombudsman Institution was notified by
regarding the implementation of legal pro- women victims of domestic violence. The
visions. petitioners mentioned that they resorted
to the assistance of sector operative officers
The Centre for Human Rights was with the purpose of obtaining protective or-
notified by petitioner N.M. who ders, but their requests were either superfi-
invoked violation of the consti- cially examined or were not unexamined at
tutional right to life, physical and all. The petitioners also mentioned the fact
mental integrity in terms of domes- that the sector operative officers frequently
tic violence. From the petition re- avoided to undertake protection actions in
sults that the victims ex-husband their favour. Moreover, they displayed a bi-
(ex-military), who for some reasons ased attitude and favoured the aggressors,
co-lives, undertook acts of psy- who turned out to be their acquaintances
chological and economic nature, or even friends. There are attested cases
manifested both in relation to the when the abuser was a former employee of
petitioner, as well as to their two law enforcement bodies. Correspondingly,
daughters. He imposed his will and out of professional solidarity, the sector
personal control, by provoking ten- operative officers pretend not to see all the
sion and mental suffering and by circumstances of the cases of domestic vio-
depriving them of economic means, lence and hesitate to apply protective mea-
thus limiting the use and disposal of sures on the victims. The petitioners invoke
the common property. The appeals the fact that sector officers react operatively
made to the sector operative officer only in the cases when the latter not only
remained without resolution on the declare but also demonstrate consequences
ground that the petitioner was not of physical violence being applied (inju-
physically abused. At the interven- ries, sprains, bruises, fractures and so on).
tion of the ombudsman, the com-
petent authorities have taken mea-
The petitioner R.F. notified the CHR
sures and an protective order was
on her disagreement with the pro-
issued in this regard.
tective order issued by the Pros-
ecutors Office of Centre sector from
The Law provided a new perspective of Chisinau on her behalf (the given
the legal concept of the notion of domestic order shall be subject to examina-
violence and added a more effective system tion in court). She considers the
of preventing and combating it. Thus, the order illegal. The petitioner indi-
concept of domestic violence, which en- cated that it was to be applied to
compasses a range of systematic aggressive her husband, who would be the real
behaviour applied to the victim, was for the aggressor. The petitioner also states
first time included in the document, as well that due to the friendly relations
as the concept of protection order being an between her husband and the sec-
important legal instrument by which the tor operative officer, who is biased,
court applies protection measures on do- the protective order was applied
mestic violence victims. incorrectly.
294
CHAPTER I

However, domestic violence cases are not The national minorities enjoy the same
considered when declaring other nature of human rights as other people. These rights
violence, such as psychological pressure and are part of the human rights standards that
family discomfort. protect the minorities, including Article 27
The alleged facts show the biased at- of the International Covenant on Civil and
titude of sector operative officers, as well Political Rights, the International Covenant
as favouring the abuser, as demonstrated on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Dis-
in some cases. Therefore, the examination crimination and the UN Declaration on the
of domestic violence cases is not efficient, Rights of Persons Belonging to National or
given the lack of a neutral attitude towards Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities.
them, even though women report domestic The minority rights facilitate the equal par-
violence primarily to police offices5. ticipation of the minorities in the public do-
main in decision-making. These elements
Taking into consideration the impor-
protection of existence, non-discrimination,
tance of objective documentation and of de-
identity protection and participation con-
termining the circumstances during the ex-
stitute the foundation of minority rights6.
amination of the cases of domestic violence
by the operative officers, the ombudsman The rights of the people belonging to
sent a request to the General Police Com- national minorities is no longer the privilege
missariat. The ombudsman recommended of the states but of the international com-
that the sector operative officers be warned, munity because, as noted in the Comments
including through internal trainings, on the to Recommendation 1201 on the draft of
need to assume a neutral role and to mani- the Additional Protocol to the European
fest an unbiased attitude, as well as avoiding Convention on Human Rights guarantee-
any form of favouring the actors involved in ing the right of national minorities is a fac-
the domestic violence acts, particularly of tor of peace, justice and democracy. In the
the abusers. same order of ideas, the comments on Rec-
However, the ombudsmen recommend ommendation 1201 state that the rights of
improving the level of perception by the po- minorities are part of that area of suprana-
lice employees of all forms of domestic vio- tional law which includes human rights, this
lence when handling the cases of domestic implying the fact that they cannot, under
violence and of becoming aware of the need any circumstances, be regarded exclusively
to apply measures to protect the victims of as an internal affair of the states.
domestic violence and to react promptly. The main international act ratified by the
Parliament of the Republic of Moldova in this
Protection of minority rights respect is the Framework Convention for the
Protection of National Minorities (Parliament
The transformations which took place Decision No. 1001-XIII of 22/10/1996). This is
in the post-totalitarian political systems a multilateral legal instrument devoted to
point to the fact that the ethnic factor has the protection of national minorities which
a deep impact on the political process. So, establishes the principles of observing their
the German sociologist and political scien- rights. For a young independent state this
tist Max Weber mentioned that ethnic self- event had special significance since the na-
identification is the mainstay essence of the tional minorities constitute 35.5 % of the
political life. countrys population7.
According to the Report Violence against Women

5
in the Republic of Moldova made by the Bureau

of Statistics of the RM Issue 1, 2011, 33.3 % of Marginalized Minorities in Development Pro-
6
women would go to police stations; the women gramming, A UNDP resource guide and toolkit,
in urban areas have greater confidence in the po- Democratic Governance Group Bureau for Devel-
lice and, in case of occurrence of violent actions opment Policy, USA, May 2010
37.2 % of women would appeal to the police. www. statistica.md
7
295
Given the commitments of the Republic In this sense, the state must address the
of Moldova to ensure the exercise of human right to education of minorities in an efficient
rights without discrimination, the concluding manner and to adopt special measures to ac-
observations and recommendations made tively implement the right to study in their
to Moldova by the international monitoring mother tongue and in the official language of
mechanisms in this regard, the ombudsmen the state, as, in such a way, the fundamental
planned to undertake a comprehensive as- principles of equality and non-discrimination
sessment of the application of the equality shall be consistently be observed.
and non-discrimination principle related to
The research has shown that, in the ideal
the minorities in 2012.
situation, all disciplines in the primary school
The assessment included the documen- should be taught in the language of the mi-
tation, the identification of legal and institu- nority. The language of the minority should
tional deficiencies, the creation of possibilities be taught as a subject in itself with consisten-
for remedial actions, and as a finality to carry cy. The state official language should also be
out awareness raising campaigns on the pre- a discipline in itself and taught consistently
vention and combating non-discrimination in preferably by bilingual teachers who under-
order to increase the degree of awareness to stand the childrens cultural and linguistic
this phenomenon and to strengthen the role information9.
of public institutions responsible for combat-
ing it. Based on the review of the situation in
the field, the ombudsmen consider that the
The international norms developed in the degree of the realization of minority rights in
second half of the XX century show particular the Republic of Moldova, through the prism
concern for the linguistic rights of the persons
of the Hague Recommendations, is not sat-
belonging to national minorities in the sense
isfactory. If for the purpose of ensuring the
of eliminating the discriminatory policies pur-
development of the cultures and of the lan-
sued against them. At the same time, these
guages of national minorities on the terri-
norms encourage the policies of state integra-
tory of the Republic of Moldova, the state has
tion and the knowledge of official languages
implemented some normative acts10, then,
by the people belonging to national minori-
what concerns the promotion of the state
ties as integration element. As long as the
official language, some actions and namely
integration policy is not transformed into a
programmes are necessary.
policy of linguistic terrorism and grammatical
hegemony and is carried out by observing
the human rights, the benefits and the ad-
vantages of knowing the official language by
persons belonging to national minorities are
undeniable. The study of the official language
represents the premise of social unity and a 9
The Hague Recommendations regarding the edu-
factor of cohesion and social integration. cation rights of national minorities; October 1996
The right of the persons belonging to 10
Government Decision on ensuring the develop-
national minorities to preserve their identity ment of the Jewish national culture and meeting
can only be fully realized if they acquire ad- the needs of the Jews in the RM; Government
equate knowledge of their mother tongue Decision on the measures to ensure the develop-
ment of Russian national culture in the Republic;
in the educational process. At the same time, Government Decision on the measures to ensure
the persons belonging to national minori- the development of Ukrainian national culture in
ties have the responsibility to integrate in the Republic; Government Decision on the mea-
the society they belong to by properly learn- sures to ensure the development of the national
ing the official language of the state8. culture of the Bulgarian population in the Re-
public of Moldova; Government Decision on the
approval of the Action Plan on supporting the
The Hague Recommendations regarding the edu-
8
Roma population in the Republic of Moldova for
cation rights of national minorities; October 1996 the years 2011-2015.
296
CHAPTER I

The last programmes for the promotion Gagauz people, especially through actions
and improvement of learning the state lan- of studying and knowing the history, the lan-
guage were developed in 200111. The issue of guage and the traditions of the Gagauz from
the spoken official language of the state, the the Republic of Moldova. The majority of me-
way and the degree of its application is an ex- dia institutions from Gagauzia operate in the
tremely sensitive topic. Russian language and only some programs
In the process of monitoring the degree of are broadcast in the Gagauz language and
implementation of the national programmes partially in the state language. This is equally
on the development of cultures and the sup- true for both public media institutions and
port of minority languages on the territory of private regional ones.
the Republic of Moldova, the Ombudsman In these circumstances, it must be con-
Institution found an insufficiency of technical cluded that the state does not provide the
and material sources, of special book funds necessary extent for the study of the official
and of fiction literature published in the lan- state language, the national minorities being
guages of the national minorities. in the situation to resort to the Russian lan-
Given the special status of the ATU Gagau- guage in the interethnic dialogue of the com-
zia and the diversity of ethnicities that live in munity, which hinders the process of their
the region, the Ombudsman Institution iden- integration into society.
tified in the course of 2012 some problems Representatives of the Roma minority are
regarding the minority rights. So, the instruc- faced with certain specific issues that need
tion in 57 schools from Gagauzia is done in to be solved for their inclusion in the com-
the Russian language. However, the mother munity, as Roma persons are often subject to
tongue and the History of the Gagauz are discriminatory actions. In order to optimize
disciplines included in the school curriculum. the process of Roma inclusion, by Decision
In some schools, the pupils chose to study No. 56 of 31/01/2012 the Government of
either in the Gagauz or in the Bulgarian lan- the Republic of Moldova adopted an Action
guage. The only gymnasium in ATU Gagauzia Plan on supporting the Roma population
where the instruction is done in the Ukrainian from the Republic of Moldova for the years
language is in the village Feropontievca in 2011-2015. According to the given Decision,
Comrat district. Yet, there is the risk of closing a community mediation service follows to be
down the school due to the on-going opti- instituted. The ombudsmen welcomed the
mization process in the Republic of Moldova. creation of the service of community media-
This will lead to the fact that the persons of tors, who through direct involvement will al-
Ukrainian ethnicity will be deprived of the low the empowerment of mediation capaci-
possibility to study in their mother tongue. ties in ensuring Roma access to services in all
Although, in recent years textbooks for study- social spheres.
ing the Gagauz and Bulgarian languages The need for such an initiative has been
have been published, the issue of providing proved by the cases registered by the Om-
textbooks still persists. Another issue is the budsman institution in the course of 2012, in
protection and the promotion of the cultural which the petitioners claimed to have been
identity and of the cultural patrimony of the victims of discrimination on the basis of eth-
nic origin (the persons were of Roma ethnic-
Government Decision No. 1374 of 7/12/2001 on
11 ity) through the actions and/or inaction of
the approval of the Action Program for the pro- some representatives of public authorities,
motion of the state language financed from the of the authorities in the social service sphere,
Fund for the promotion of the state language for etc.
the year 2001; Government Decision No. 857 of
17/08/2001 on the approval of the Regulations It is worth noting that in the process of
on the use of Fund resources for the promotion examination of the appeals, it is difficult to
of the state language; Government Decision No. prove the existence of facts of discrimina-
167 of 26/02/2001 on the national Program for tion on the ground of ethnic belonging, even
improving the study of the state language of the
Republic of Moldova by adults (2001-2005). if the investigation is prompt and detailed.
297
Rather often the people are affected not so participation in the pre-school educational
much by those who cause discrimination acts system, as well as the efficient cooperation
on the ground of ethnic belonging but by the between relevant institutions and organiza-
peoples tolerant attitude or indifference to- tions in the education of Roma population.
wards them when present at the time of com- For this purpose, it is necessary to organize
mitting such acts. information campaigns on the importance
of including the children in education, com-
The centre for Human Rights reg- pulsory primary and secondary education, as
istered a telephone call from San- well as the need to continue the studies. It is
gerei from a person who wished also necessary that teachers, social assistants,
to remain anonymous mentioning and school inspectors provide permanent
that was a relative of a Roma fam- identification of the children who do not at-
ily. The person told that the children tend school.
are in the 1st grade and refuse to at-
In the context of the experiences of dis-
tend school on the ground of ethnic
criminatory acts that happened in the previ-
discrimination. The classmates call
ous years, on several occasions in 2012 the
them Gypsies, while the teachers
ombudsmen urged the top dignitaries, of-
do not involve them in the studies
ignoring their presence in the class- ficials, representatives of Orthodox religious
room. While examining the case, groups and representatives of political par-
the help of the local public authorities to promote tolerance and the respect for
ties and of the educational system human rights in the society, and those who
was solicited in order to verify the engage in a public dialogue should refrain
alleged facts. However, the om- from discriminatory content acts12.
budsman informed the local public The ombudsmen ardently condemn such
administration on the actions to be acts, committed including by public persons
undertaken on the site of the ad- and request the politicians and opinion
ministrative-territorial unit for the leaders to demonstrate balanced and rea-
realization of the objectives set out sonable behaviour, not to allow manifesta-
in the Action Plan on the support of tions of racism, xenophobia and discrimina-
Roma population. tion against the members of the community.
The freedom of expression is not an absolute
Exercising his duties in the framework of right and its exercise must be carried out un-
the promotion of fundamental human rights der certain conditions established to protect
and liberties, of preventing and combating the persons dignity.
tolerance towards discriminatory acts on the
ground of ethnic criteria, the ombudsman,
Tudor Lazar, got informed on the registered The freedom of expression: the need for inter-
12
cases related to discriminatory and intoler- ference or the rights of others - http://www.
ant attitude of the teachers from some edu- ombudsman.md/md/comunicate/2794/1/5480/;
cational institutions in the country. Thus, Speeches instigating to xenophobic hatred
attack on democratic values and human rights
in a notification addressed to the Ministry for everyone - http://www.ombudsman.md/
of Education, the ombudsman requested a md/newslst/1211/1/5497/; Declaration of the
control in all educational institutions mainly Ombudsman on the discriminatory initiative of
inhabited by Roma, in order to exclude the the Municipal Council of the city Balti vis--vis
differentiation treatment and to remove the sexual minorities; Declaration of the Ombuds-
situations when classes were formed by ex- man vis--vis the racist and discriminatory
replicas made by an official of the Republic of
clusively Roma children, because this kind of
Moldova - http://www.ombudsman.md/md/
segregation leads to discrimination. newslst/1211/1/5376/; Combating discrimina-
It was also requested the contribution tion and intolerance by tolerance - http://www.
of local public administration regarding the ombudsman.md/md/newslst/1211/1/5849/;
Creation workshop Tolerance social imperative
inclusion of Roma persons in the education-
of the time at M. Koglniceanu lyceum- http://
al system, the increase of Roma childrens www.ombudsman.md/md/newslst/1211/1/5854
298
CHAPTER I

The LGBT persons should enjoy equal 76 other countries are added where homo-
rights, a fact enshrined in numerous interna- sexuality is considered an offence15 .
tional instruments. No cultural, traditional or religious value,
During the UN General Assembly in De- including the rules of the dominant culture
cember 2008, 66 states from five continents can be used to justify hateful statements or
supported a novel Declaration that reaffirms other forms of discrimination, including dis-
once more that international protection of crimination on the grounds of sexual orien-
human rights includes sexual orientation tation, or gender identity16.
and gender identity13. The Declaration reaf-
firms the non-discrimination principle and During 2012, the Ombudsman Institu-
condemns the executions, arbitrary detention remarked an essential change of at-
tion or infringement of human rights on the titude in society towards LGBT people in
ground of sexual orientation and gender Moldova, this category of people still being
identity. discriminated against and stigmatized on
the ground of sexual belonging.
CHR participated as an intervener In recent years, more applications re-
in the civil case AO Fericita Maica questing the modification of the sex in the
Matrona and the Orthodox Church civil acts are pending in the courts form the
of Moldova versus the Supervisory Republic of Moldova. Given that these ap-
Board of the Company Teleradio- plications represent a new type of files and
Moldova on the annulment of the the legislation that follows to be applied is
Decision of the Supervisory Board of vague, in order to create a uniform and fair
the Company Teleradio-Moldova judicial practice, the Supreme Court of Jus-
No. 1/244 of 22/12/2010 regarding
tice made some recommendations to the
the broadcast of the film Human
courts regarding the enforcement of juridi-
Rights on the Screen: Sexual Minori-
cal norms based on Article 8 of the European
ties Rights. The CHR pointed to the
violation of the right to expression of Convention on Fundamental Human Rights
the LGBT people. Thus, on 15/08/2012 and Freedoms the right to private life and
the Civil, Commercial and Administra- family. The right to change the sex and the
tive College of the Supreme Court of first name is part of the right to private life.
Justice dismissed the appellants ap- Thus, starting in November 2012, the
peal and upheld the Decision of the transgender persons are no longer faced
Court of Appeals of 26/06/2012 ac- with difficulties of changing the civil status
cording to which the appeal submit- acts because of sex modification17, fact that
ted by the applicants was rejected is welcomed by the Ombudsman Institution.
as unfounded.
Cases of discrimination against repre-
sentatives of sexual minority groups were
LGBT discrimination is still a reality in
registered in medical institutions18, also the
many countries. According to the Interna-
tional Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transsexual
and Intersex Association, the rights of the http://www.avocatnet.ro/content/articles/
15
representatives of these minorities are not id_25242/European Parliament advocates for

fully observed in any European country. sexual minorities rights
At global level, there are still five coun- CM/Rec (2010) Recommendation 5 adopted on
16
tries where death penalty may be applied March 31, 2010 by the Council of Ministers of
on the basis of sexual orientation14. To these, the European Committee to member states on
measures to combat discrimination on grounds
of sexual orientation and gender identity
http://www.amnesty.org/es/library/asset/
13
http://www.publika.md/the Supreme Court of
17
IOR40/024/2008/en/269de167-d107-11dd-984e- Justice recommends to permit the change of sex

fdc7ffcd27a6/ior400242008en.pdf in civil acts_1105901.html
Mauritania; Iran; Saudi Arabia; Sudan and Yemen,
14
http://voxreport.unimedia.md/2011/08/23/the
18
as well as some parts of Somalia and Nigeria gay run away from medical assistance
299
unauthorized placement of a billboard in country is a party, and the principle of equal-

the centre sector of the capital city, which ity of all the citizens before the law and pub-
expressly warned about no parking, includ- lic authorities. The Ombudsman Institution
ing for sexual minorities19. The billboard was requested the State Chancellery the body
removed and the offender was punished at empowered directly with the right to man-
the intervention of the ombudsman. datory control of the decisions of the local
Another case concerned the refusal of councils of all levels21 through its Territorial
the local public administration to allow a Offices - to undertake corresponding mea-
peaceful meeting (in May 2005) in the city sures in order to annul the homophobic de-
Chisinau20, as consequence the Republic cisions issued by the mentioned local public
of Moldova was obliged to pay substantial authorities.
amounts of money from the state budget. Out of the six mentioned communities,
During 2012 several local authorities only the Mayors Office from Chetrus inde-
in the Republic of Moldova, including the pendently repealed the decision.
Municipal Council from Balti, the Council In the answer of the Town Hall from Dro-
of the town Cahul, the Council of the town chia, we were informed that on March 27
Drochia, the Mayors Office form villages 2012during the sitting of the Town Council,
Hiliuti and Chetrus, Falesti district declared, a group of counsellors proposed to intro-
by their decisions, the municipal or village duce on the agenda the issue on declaring
territories as areas supporting the Moldovan the town Drochia as an area for the support
Orthodox Church and of non-admittance of of the Orthodox Church from Moldova and
aggressive propaganda of non-traditional of non-admission of aggressive propagan-
sexual orientations. da of non-traditional sexual orientations,
Taking into consideration the discrimi- which was accepted with 14 votes for, 3
natory nature of these acts, and on the other votes against and 8 abstained.
hand, the provisions of the Constitution On July 16, 2012, the Territorial Office
of the Republic of Moldova, it is expressly from Soroca of the State Chancellery submit-
stated that the provisions on human rights ted a notification regarding the repealing of
shall be interpreted in conformity with the Drochia Town Council Decision No. 2/14 of
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and 27/03.2012 on declaring the town Drochia
the international agreements, to which the as an area for the support of the Orthodox
Church from Moldova and of non-admission
http://adevarul.ro/moldova/actualitate/foto-
19 of aggressive propaganda of non-traditional
chisin no parking including for sexual minorities sexual orientations.
1_50ae26d17c42d5a6639a0fe8/index.html
On August 14, 2012 the notification ad-
On June 12, 2012, the European Court of Human
20
dressed to Drochia Town Council was dis-
Rights has notified its ruling in the case Gender-
doc-M vs. Moldova. The complaint invoked the cussed, but the Decision remained in force.
ban of GenderdocM demonstration planned for Currently, the legality of the Decision is be-
May 2005 in order to support the legislation pro- ing examined in court.
tecting sexual minorities against discrimination.
In the context of the aforesaid, the
The applicant organization complained that the
ban was illegal and that there was no procedure Ombudsmen are of the opinion that the
to enable them to obtain the final decision be- adoption on May 25, 2012 of the Law on
fore the scheduled date for the event and be- Equality demonstrates the commitment
cause the NGO was again discriminated for proof the state in assuming positive obliga-
moting the gay community interests in Moldova. tion of improving the national legisla-
Article 6, paragraphed 1 (the right to a fair trial),
Article 11 (freedom of assembly and association),
tion in accordance with the jurisprudence
article 13 (the right to an effective appeal) and of the European Court of Human Rights.
Article 14 (prohibition of discrimination) were re-
ferred to. Thus, the Republic of Moldova has been Item 8, letter g) of the Government Decision No.
21
ordered to pay 11,000 euro for moral and materi- 845 of 18/12/2009 on the Territorial Offices of the
als offenses and for costs and expenses. State Chancellery;
300
CHAPTER I

The ombudsmen recommend undertaking Elimination of Discrimination and Provision
decisive measures in order to launch the ac- of Equality.
tivity of the Council for the Prevention and
Ombudsmans recommendations
The state institutions should actively promote the fundamental principles of plural-
ism, diversity, tolerance and freedom of thought;
To adopt measures for the elimination of latent discrimination from employment poli-
cies of public and private institutions;
To eliminate any form of discrimination from the educational system;
To approve, at state level, an Action Plan for the promotion of the official state lan-
guage, including among the minorities on the territory of the Republic of Moldova, and
to identify appropriate resources for this aim.
2. Free access to justice

The efficiency of a fair trial cannot be not managed effectively, the promotion of
perceived without good functioning of judges and of prosecutors is not transparent
the institutional system of justice, such as enough and it is not based on merit; not all
the Supreme Court, the Superior Council the component parts of the Superior Coun-
of magistracy, the courts, prosecution, the cil of Magistracy function effectively; the
advocacy institution, the bailiffs institution quality of the services offered by professions
who help in achieving good governance in related to the justice system is inadequate;
justice. However, an efficient judiciary can- there are no effective mechanisms for the
not be seen without professional perfor- accountability of the justice sector actors;
mance of the participants in the process. the pre-judicial phase is unnecessarily com-
In recent years, strategic documents have plex; there are no effective mechanisms to
been adopted in this field: the Strategy for ensure a child-friendly justice; the percep-
the consolidation of the judiciary system tion of corruption, spread in the whole jus-
and the Concept on its funding, the Devel- tice sector, is alarmingly high.
opmental Strategy of the execution system, Thus, even in 2009 in the Declaration on
the Concept of reforming the penitentiary the state of justice in the Republic of Moldo-
system, etc. Meanwhile, several laws were va and the actions necessary to improve the
passed that conceptually reformed some situation in the field of justice22, the legisla-
key institutions of the justice sector: the tive body noted with concern that the judi-
prosecution bodies, the bar of lawyers, the ciary in the Republic of Moldova is severely
notary, the penitentiary system, the enforce- affected by corruption. It was mentioned in
ment system. Laws have been adopted that the Declaration that such an involution of
created new mechanisms and institutions in the Moldovan justice was also possible be-
the justice sector: the Law on state guaran- cause of neglect or selective application by
teed legal assistance, the Law on probation, the Superior Council of Magistracy of the
the Law on mediation, the Law on bailiffs. law governing the liability of judges, their
The analysis of the implementation of indulgence; lack of response on behalf of
the strategic documents in the field reveals
the main problems that the justice sector is 22
Decision of the Parliament of the Republic of
constantly facing and namely, the courts are Moldova, Mo. 53 of 31/10/2009
301
the Superior Council of Magistracy and of Regular assessment of the implementa-

the Prosecutors Office to the actions, some- tion process of the Reform Strategy of the
times criminal, of the judges; lack of reaction justice system for the years 2011-2016 and
and resistance of the judiciary to intimida- of the degree of fulfilment of its objectives
tions and political pressure coming from will be carried out by the National Council
governors; lack of transparency in the work for the Reform of the Bodies for the Protec-
of justice and of the activity of the Superior tion of Legal Norms created by Presidential
Council of Magistracy, especially regarding Decree No. 219 of 6/08/2012.
the selection, appointment, promotion and Thus, in 2012 a set of laws were adopted
sanctioning of judges; insufficient initial and through which some provisions of the Civil
on-going training of judges; inadequate ma- Procedure Code and Criminal Procedure
terial provision of judges, the syndication Code, as well as other laws bearing on the
of the judicial power, etc. reform and meant to streamline greater free
These statements demonstrate that the access to justice and the right to a fair trial,
professional standards, moral and ethical, have been amended. The Law on the selec-
have become an important part of the pro- tion, performance appraisal and the career
fessionals in the sector, fact that generated of judges was adopted. However, on July 5,
a decrease in the societys confidence in the 2012, the Parliament adopted the Law on the
justice. Amendment and Completion of some Legis-
lative Acts No. 153 through which a number
The low level of citizens trust in justice
of modifications in the normative acts that
is a dangerous phenomenon because it can
deal with judicial organization and the sta-
generate their general distrust in the effi-
tus of the judge were operated: the Law on
ciency and integrity of the public authorities
judicial organization No. 514 of 6/7/1995;
and even of the state, in general. In this con-
the Law on the status of the judge No. 544
text, on November 25, 2011, in order to es- of 20/07/1995; the Law on the Supreme
tablish an accessible, efficient, independent, Court of Justice No. 789 of 26/03/1996; the
transparent, professional and accountable Law on the Superior Council of Magistracy
sector of justice, which would correspond to No. 947 of 19/07/1996; the Law on the dis-
European standards and would ensure the ciplinary college and disciplinary liability of
rule of law and the respect of human rights, judges No. 950 of 19/07/1006; the Law on
the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova the National Institute of Justice No. 152 of
approved the Reform Strategy of the justice 8/06/2006.
sector for the years 2011-2016. The develop-
One of the changes is related to the re-
ment of a complex reform strategy became
view of the composition of the Superior
necessary in order to create a common
Council of Magistracy23 by reducing the
framework covering all reform efforts of the
number of full-time professors from 4 to 3
justice sector so as to ensure its sustainable
and increasing the number of judges from 5
development through realistic and concrete
to 6. The President of the Supreme Court of
actions. Besides strengthening the indepen-
Justice, the Minister of Justice and the Gen-
dence, accountability, impartiality, efficien-
eral Prosecutor are full members.
cy and transparency of the judiciary system,
the Strategy foresees the improvement of According to the ombudsmen, the new
the institutional framework and of the pro- composition of the administrative judiciary
cesses which provide effective access to jus- body does not ensure an important major-
tice, legal assistance, examination of cases ity of the judges and this numerical struc-
and execution of court rulings in reasonable ture can shift the balance of the vote to-
timeframes, the modernization of the status wards an eventual political conjuncture in
of some legal professions related to the jus- the situations when the Superior Council of
tice system, effective enforcement of human
rights in legal practices and policies. The Law on the modification and completion of
23
some legislative acts No. 153 of 5/07/2012
302
CHAPTER I

Magistracy adopts decisions with the vote The ombudsmen support the position of
of the majority of its members. It should be the Plenum of the Supreme Court of Justice
mentioned in this context, that previously on this topic and reiterate that it is precisely
on July 13, 2011, the ombudsmen notified in order to ensure the separation of powers,
the Constitutional Court on the check-up to remove the interference of one power in
of the constitutionality of the composition the work of another and to guarantee the in-
of the Superior Council of Magistracy (con- dependence of justice, that the Constitution
sisting at that moment of five judges, four contains rules which provide for a special
full-time professors, the President of the procedure of criminal liability of the mem-
Supreme Court of Justice, the Minister of bers of the parliament and of the President
Justice and the General Prosecutor) consid- of the Republic of Moldova, as well as rules
ering that the latter does not ensure full in- that establish the independence and the im-
dependence of the judiciary system. That is partiality of justice is provided by law.
because the share of the representatives of
the judiciary body in the Superior Council of Though there have been made essen-
Magistracy is a minority compared to other tial institutional changes and the legislative
of its components, exponents of political framework has been modified, yet, these
will and thus depriving the judiciary of de- changes have not offered a qualitatively
fensive arms against the legislative power. new level in the activity of the actors from
The Constitutional Court did not accept this this field and have not lead to the strength-
notification for examination on the ground ening of a fair, appropriate, and geared to
that its subject exceeds the competence of individual needs justice system and to offer-
the Ombudsman. ing qualitative and accessible services.
In spite of this, the ombudsmen keep to The situation in this area continues to
the idea that the Superior Council of Mag- display concern. Therefore, the reforms in
istracy, indispensable element in the rule of the justice sector must meet the expecta-
law state, a warrantor of the independence tions of at least 397 applicants who ap-
of judges and of the balance between the pealed to the Centre for Human Rights in
legislative, executive and judicial powers, 2012 citing numerous objections to the
must represent autonomous governance of quality of justice, including:
the judicial power and allow judges to ex-
147 appeals reported delay in the ex-
ercise their functions outside the control of
the executive and legislative powers. amination of cases;
Another amendment to the Law on the 49 failure to execute court rulings;
Status of the Judge is related to the proce- 105 disagreement with the pro-
dure of waiver of inviolability of judges by nounced sentence/ruling;
depriving the Superior Council of magistra- 69 violation of the right to an effec-
cy of the power to establish the existence or tive appeal.
non-existence of grounds to initiate crimi-
nal or administrative prosecution against Failure to comply with the terms of draft-
the judge. Considering that the right of the ing the court rulings, delay in announcing
prosecutor to initiate prosecution against them, non-observance of the deadline to
the judge without the agreement of the Su- hand sentence copies, unsatisfactory be-
perior Council of Magistracy is inconsistent haviour and performance of some magis-
with Article 6 of the Constitution, which en- trates, etc. were among the raised problems.
shrines the principle of separation and co- However, following the establishment of
operation of powers, on September 7, 2012 the system of private bailiffs and the adjust-
the Plenum of the Supreme Court notified ment of enforcement procedures to the new
the Constitutional Court on the check-up concept of free practice of bailiffs, there ap-
of the constitutionality of the mentioned peared other aspects related to the right to
above provisions. a fair trial.
303
Although the ombudsmen have re- amendment, these were the obligations of
peatedly informed the courts, the Superior the Ministry of Finances. The procedure of
Council of Magistracy, as appropriate, on the court rulings enforcement was specified in
multiple violations in this respect and ad- reference to contesting the infringement
dressed these issues in the previous reports, of the right to examine the case in court in
the situation has not practically changed. a reasonable timeframe and of the right to
To avoid violation of the reasonable enforcement of the court ruling in a reason-
time allowed for the trial of cases and the able timeframe and the remedy of the dam-
enforcement of the court rulings, some age caused by such infringement.
changes in the Civil Procedure Code, the The petitions submitted to the Centre for
Criminal Procedure Code, the Civil Code and Human Rights attest that the citizens know
the Enforcement Code in 2011were made. about the exigency of the new mechanism
Thus, the criteria for assessment of the rea- and affirm their intention to contest the in-
sonable time set for the civil, criminal and fringement of this right. The situation on the
enforcement procedures (Article 192 of the circulation of civil cases belonging to this
CPC, Article 20 of CPC, Article 70 of EC) were category is not reflected in the state statis-
modified and the right of the participants tical reports on the activity of first instance
in the trial to submit applications to speed courts related to the hearings of civil cases.
up the process during the examination of In these circumstances, it is difficult to assess
the case un courts, if there are prerequisites the impact that the domestic remedial has
for the breach of the reasonable timeframe, had on the defence of the right to a fair trial
were legislated. Also, the Law on the State offered to individuals in 2011.
repairing the damage caused by the viola- At the same time, the comparative analy-
tion of the right to trial in reasonable time or sis of the statistical data shows an increase in
of the right to enforcement of the court rul- the number of cases under review for more
ing in reasonable time No. 87 of 21/04/2011 than 12, 24, or 36 months.
was adopted. The adoption of this Law
and of the modifications of the mentioned Table No.
Category of cases Year 2010 Year 2012

12 24 36 12 24 36
months months months months months months
Civil cases 1023 357 296 2299 472 251
Criminal cases 302 38 17 488 97 35
legislative acts represents a harmonization The citizens appeals to the ombudsmen

of the national legislative framework to the confirm that the problems dealing with le-
European standards, as well as an enforce- gal assistance guaranteed by the state are
ment of the pilot ruling Olaru and others vs. still persisting. Though the functionality of
Moldova to remedy the systemic problem the system was ensured by adopting rules
on the enforcement of court rulings strictly and work procedures, the regulatory frame-
monitored by the Council of Europe. The work is continuously being improved. Prob-
state follows to undertake other general lems dealing with the quality of state guar-
measures regarding the observance of the anteed legal assistance, the offering of legal
reasonable timeframes when examining assistance on non-criminal matters, insuffi-
cases in courts. On May 3, 2012 Law No. 87 cient information of the population regard-
was amended and the Ministry of Justice as- ing the types of services within the system
sumed the burden of proving the absence of of offering state guaranteed legal assistance
infringement and of representing the state and of the procedures to be followed, the
in court in this category of cases. Before the inefficiency of the system of checking the
304
CHAPTER I

to admit such situations. The ombudsmen
Examining the complaint received insist on strengthening the efforts of all au-
from citizen X. in connection with his
thorities to enforce the right to the individu-
not being released from preventive ar-
als personal liberty as guaranteed by Article
rest at the expiration of the time limit,
it was stated that the situation was ge- 25 of the Constitution and by Article 5 of
nerated by the judges non-conformant the Convention for the Protection of Human
actions. Being notified by the ombuds- Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Para-
man, the prosecution started a check- graph 1 of Article 5 defines the presumption
up on the basis of Article 274 of CPC. of liberty, the right that no one can be de-
As result of the undertaken check-up prived of, but in exceptional circumstances.
by the Judicial Inspection, the Supe- This presumption of liberty is reinforced by
rior Council of Magistracy warned the two demands: not to extend the term of im-
judge on the strict observance of the prisonment exceeding the strictly necessary
law in deciding the cases pending in period and to release as soon as possible the
procedure. person concerned when the deprivation is
Another case was stated by citizen B.
found to be unjustified.
who continued to be detained in the
penitentiary 9 days after the passing of In the context of the issues raised above,
the court ruling of ceasing the repressi- the data on the petitions registered by the
ve measure the arrest. As a follow-up Centre for Human Rights in the year 2012
of the ombudsmans intervention, the show that the number of petitioners who
petitioner was freed and the military invoked the infringement of the right to free
Prosecutors Office opened a criminal access to justice continues to remain a con-
investigation on the infringement as stant one, with few exceptions.
provided by Article 328, paragraph 1
of the Criminal Code, excess of power. However, according to the survey Ba-
rometer of Public Opinion of October- No-
payment ability of the applicants for state vember 201226 only 14.8 % of citizens trust
guaranteed legal assistance, delay in the ex- in justice, which is 15 % less than in May27.
pansion of paralegal framework nationwide According to another survey, conducted
are among the persisting ones. by the Centre for the Prevention of Corrup-
After changing the way of professional tion28, 50 % of the people who dealt with
organization of bailiffs24, citizens began the courts from Chisinau are satisfied with
to raise new issues related to the enforce- the way they were treated by the legal offi-
ment of rulings. While the petitions on non- cials; 70 % of the respondents are dissatis-
enforcement of court rulings considerably fied with the conditions where the lawsuits
diminished, a large number of complaints take place.
connected with the bailiffs actions, over- In conclusion, the modernization of the
sized charges levied by the bailiffs for en- judicial system presupposes to assume the
forcement activities, and the way of ensur- role of arbiter of justice in the society, which
ing enforceable documents are attested. implies the strengthening of the justice sec-
The Centre for Human Rights continues tor as a whole. However, a viable judiciary
to receive complaints about illegal deten- system is the main component of a demo-
tion of people after the expiry of remand or cratic society because it covers all areas of
sentence. social life.
Although the ombudsmens concerns 26
http://www.ipp.md/libview.php?l=ro&idc=156&
with the given issue were previously cov- id=624
ered25, the responsible institutions continue 27
http://www.ipp.md/public/files/Barometru/
Brosura_BOP_05.2012.pdf
The Law on Bailiffs No. 113 of 17/06/2010
24
28
http://trm.md/ro/social/sondaj-50-din-chisinau-
25
ieni-sunt-multumiti-de-activitatea-instantelor-
TE%20PDF/Raport%202009%20redactat.pdf judecatoresti/
305
3. The right to vote and to be elected

In the category of exclusively political Yet, an important aspect of the right to
rights, the ones which refer to citizen partici- vote which needs to be mentioned is failure
pation in state governance, and namely elec- to exercise it due to conditioned restrictions.
toral rights, are also included. By voting the Paragraph 2 of Article 13 of the Electoral
citizens can influence the public decision- Code stipulates an additional restriction to
making process. the one included in the Supreme Law which
The affirmative obligation of the coun- states that the persons who are recognized
tries to protect the right to vote of their as incapacitated by a final decision of the
citizens is recognized by international trea- court have no right to vote. The Ministry of
ties and declarations adopted by the United Justice informs the Mayor about the exis-
Nations, regional organizations such as the tence of such cases and upon the compila-
Council of Europe, the Organization of Amer- tion of the State Register of voters the Cen-
ican States. tral Electoral Commission is also informed.
In order to determine the voters to ex- When the control and monitoring mech-
press their right to vote in the favour of anism of the process of declaring the inabil-
one or another competing candidate, the ity of people to vote is incomplete or is miss-
state, through its legislative instruments and ing, this restriction is used legally. However,
mechanisms, organizes an electoral cam- currently there are no clear statistical data
paign that begins, for each contestant, on for the country or a register on the identity
the date when he/she gets registered by the or the number of the people declared inca-
Central Electoral Commission or the Constit- pacitated.
uency Electoral Board, and ends on Election A veiled limitation of the right to vote
Day. also occurs when speaking about people
It is noteworthy that the right to vote with physical disabilities.
is inseparable from the freedom of opinion Although the local and central public
and expression and, in ideal, is a basic prin- authorities and the central Electoral Com-
ciple of the democratic society; the latter is mission seek to facilitate the access of the
the core element of mass-media. persons with disabilities to the premises of
The freedom of opinion, freedom to re- the polling stations by setting them up in ac-
ceive and impart information and ideas, as cordance with the minimum standards, not
components of the freedom of expression, all the people with loco-motion impairments
must be exercised freely without the inter- reach to the ballot box. Also, the voter, who
ference of the public authorities, except for is not able to independently fill in the ballot,
the requirements expressly stipulated in the has the right to invite another person in the
law in force, as the state must justify any in- cabin, except the members of the polling
terference with any expression. station, the representatives of the compet-
In the period 2009 2012, numerous ing candidates, and people authorized to as-
electoral campaigns for parliamentary elec- sist the electoral operations.
tions, general local elections and a referen- The mentioned cases reflect a lack of
dum were held in the Republic of Moldova. confidence in the correctness of such votes,
The mass-media played a leading role in or regardless of the persons status who of-
monitoring and informing the public about fers support to the voter with disabilities,
their proceeding. The most important as- he/she might influence the latters decision.
pects in exercising the right to vote were It is worth noting that one of the essential
included in the thematic report of the CHR principles of the electoral heritage is that the
The right to vote and to be elected29. vote is secret.
29
306
CHAPTER I

A similar situation refers to the blind graph 3, Article 13 of the Code of the Audio-
people who are unable to participate in the Visual and the increase of minimum time for
administration through participation in the sign language interpretation of TV programs
voting process. According to the informa- might enhance the achievement of the con-
tion of the CEC the implementation of vot- stitutional rights, including the right to vote
ing by ballot in Braille characters cannot be of the people suffering from autism.
performed currently because it is difficult The Centre for Human Rights monitored
and costly. Moreover, there are no legisla- the achievement of the right to vote in the
tive regulations in this respect which might ATU Gagauzia, where on September 9 and
expressly establish the drafting of ballots in 23, 2012 elections to Gagauz Peoples Assem-
Braille characters. bly (GPA) were held. It was the fifth election
A major role in the process of exercising held for the GPA since the adoption by the
the right to vote for people with autism has Parliament of the Republic of Moldova of the
the interpretation of the electoral informa- Law on the Special Legal Status of Gagauzia
tion in the sign language which is stipulated (Gguz-Yeri) No. 344 of December 1994.
by the legislation in force30. 35 deputies were to be elected in the
Upon request, the Ombudsman Insti- representative and legislative body of ATU
tution was informed by the Coordinating Gagauzia and elections were held in 35 con-
Council of the Audio-visual (CCA) that as a stituencies.
result of the complaints addressed to CCA on The unfair conditions created for the
behalf of people with impaired hearing and people who ran in different constituencies,
of the Association of the Deaf from Moldova, insufficient financial resources during the
the public television broadcaster Moldova 1 electoral period, the lack of effective cam-
resumed, having previously stopped, the in- paigning, the quality of voter lists and other
terpretation of the news bulletin in the sign aspects have exhaustively been described in
language. Presently, all TV stations in the the thematic report of the CHR31.
country subtitle feature films, documenta-
Following the analysis of the situation
ries, news by presenting the informative flux
on the exercise of the right to vote, the Om-
by means of crawls (conveyors at the bottom
budsman Institution concluded that in spite
of the screen, which is welcomed by the CHR.
of the democratic developments in the re-
The Ombudsman institution believes cent years, there are still issues in the Repub-
that the inclusion of programmes of elec- lic of Moldova related to the exercise of the
toral nature among the events of major im- right to vote and to be elected.
portance by adjusting the provisions of para-
The recommendations of ombudsmen

To inform the voters about the programmes of the political parties;
To provide free access to the electoral lists;
To review the legal framework for the creation and empowerment of a specialized
body (commission, committee, etc.), which would monitor at central, as well as at local
level the process of the exercise of the right to vote of the people in difficulty (vulnerable
families, elderly, people with mental and loco-motion disabilities, etc.);
To provide adequate conditions for all categories of people who exercise their right to
vote for the whole period of the electoral campaign, as well as on Election Day;
To distribute resources and technical equipment equally to all candidates.
30
Article 13, paragraph 4 of the Code of the Audio- http://www.ombudsman.md/md/tematice/
31
visual of the Republic of Moldova;
307
4. Freedom of assembly and association

On different occasions the ombudsmen ECHR, which since September 12, 1997 is
reiterated that the freedom of assembly or part of the national law system, proclaims in
the right of association is a fundamental po- paragraph 1, Article 10 that the exercise of
litical right accessible to all. Under this right, the freedom of opinion and the freedom to
a group of people have the opportunity to receive and to impart information and ideas
meet peacefully and without arms, lawfully may be subject to some formalities, condi-
and in accordance with the law in a given tions, restrictions or sanctions prescribed by
place. law, and are necessary measures in a demo-
This right is stipulated in Article 20 of cratic society for the national security, territo-
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, rial integrity or public safety, the prevention
Article 21 of the International Covenant on of disorder or crime, for the protection of the
Civil and Political Rights, Article 11 of the order or the prevention of crime, for the protec-
European Convention on Human Rights and tion of the health or morals, for the protection
also Article 40 of the Constitution of the Re- of the reputation or of the rights of others, for
public of Moldova. The constitutional rule preventing the disclosure of confidential infor-
states that rallies, demonstrations, meet- mation or for maintaining the authority and
ings, processions or any other gatherings impartiality of the judiciary33.
are free and can be organized peacefully In the case Vajnai vs. Hungary (Ruling of
without any weapons. The Law on Assembly July 8, 2008), based on an exhaustive analy-
No. 26-XVI of 22/02/2008 regulates in details sis, ECHR determined to what extent the
the way and the procedure of holding as- restriction in the meaning of paragraph 2,
semblies, as well as includes the liability for Article 10 of ECHR is necessary in a demo-
the violation of the legal provisions. cratic society. The pressing social need was
The freedom of assembly is inextricably identified as determining factor, context in
linked to the freedom of opinion and expres- which the Court held that the Government
sion, another fundamental right protected has not shown in any way that there is real and
by the Constitution and the international current danger for the communist dictatorship
instruments in the field, and is essential for a to be set up by a political movement and did
full and active participation of the individual not demonstrate the existence of a threat to
in society. The protection and realization of justify the prohibition in question.
the mentioned rights has as effect of en- Taking into consideration that the Re-
couraging dialogue, preventing discrimina- public of Moldova, for over 20 years, is con-
tory acts, deeper knowledge of the issues stantly improving the democratic mecha-
that society confronts, the adoption, as last nisms, demonstrating through reform pro-
resort, of measures related to the protection cesses the willingness to get rid of the to-
of human rights. talitarian past, CHR is deeply concerned by
On July 12, 2012, the Parliament passed the harsh nature of the prohibition, which at
Law No. 19332 on completion of some legis- the time of adoption of Law No. 192 was not
lative acts. According to the made amend- a pressing social need.
ments, the political parties are prohibited
from using symbols of the totalitarian com-
munist regime, as well as from promoting
33
On September a group of deputies of the
Communist Party of the Republic of Moldova
totalitarian ideologies under the risk of con-
submitted a notification to the Constitutional
travention sanction. Court on the check-up of the constitutionality
of Law No. 192 of July 2012 on completion of
Article 4 of the Law on political parties No. 294 of
32
some legislative acts related to the interdiction of
21/12/2007, Article 3 of the Law on the Freedom using the symbols of the totalitarian communist
of Expression No. 64 of 23/04/2010, Article 67/1 regime, as well as the promotion of totalitarian
of the Contravention Code. ideologies.
308
CHAPTER I

This fact places the Republic of Moldova
in imminent danger of being condemned by According to MIA data, the em-
the ECHR for violations of Article 10 and 11 ployees of Sector Operative Of-
of the Convention for the Protection of Hu- ficers Service within the police
man Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. subdivisions filed 186 minutes on
Both the freedom of assembly and the offenses for deviations from the
freedom of expression are not absolute law on assemblies in the reporting
rights and the authorities, in some cases, period.
may apply restrictions which need to cor-
respond to the constitutional norms and to It was therefore concluded that there are
those stipulated in the European Conven- many gaps in the organization and conduct
tion on Human Rights. Under the Conven- of assemblies, as well as related to the main-
tion, the restrictions imposed by authorities tenance of public order, fact that hinders the
may be legal if they are prescribed by law, use in normal conditions of public roads, the
have a legitimate purpose and are necessary operation of public transport, of public and
in a democratic society to meet this goal. It private institutions, of schools, etc., or may
is namely these three requirements that the lead to violation of public order and peace,
European Court of Human Rights reviews security of people and corporal integrity, etc.
when notified of a certain case. In connection with this, the example of
holding the meetings on August 5, 2012
in the town Balti may be cited, which were
According to MIA data, during 2012 monitored by the Ombudsman Institution.
on the territory of the Republic of The ombudsmen consider that the provi-
Moldova, 10,223 meetings with di- sions of the Law on Assemblies No. 26 of
verse character were conducted with 22/02/2008 are too general and leave room
the participation of 3,126,932 peo- for interpretations and deviations from the
ple. Out of the total number, 5,667 legal rule on peaceful conduct of meetings.
meetings were of social-political Thus, the Ombudsman Institution considers
character, including 907 protests; necessary to review and amend Law on As-
327 meetings of the leadership of semblies No. 26 of 22/02/2008, particularly
the country with the population; 34 in regards to the duties of the organizers, of
official delegations; 1,347 cultural the authorized persons and of the partici-
and artistic events; 447 sportive pants in the assemblies. Amendments are
events; and 2,754 religious meet- also necessary for the compartments on the
ings. notification of holding meetings related to
the specification of the way to declare the
The exercise of the mentioned rights organization of the meeting by individuals
may arise into a conflict in some cases, as or juridical entities, keeping in mind their
the meetings are held in public places and form as well as compiling a template of a
on public roads, which may displease anoth- declaration for the holding of the meeting;
er category of people who do not share the on the use of symbols, phrases, etc. during
same ideas launched by the demonstrators. the meetings. A separate issue is the liabil-
ity of the organizers and the participants in
The same view is supported by MIA,
meetings. In this respect, according to CHR
which, following the recommendations of
the terms of liability for the conduct of the
the National Action Plan on Human Rights
action is discriminatory because the partici-
for the period 2011-2014, conducted rigor-
pants could be subject to all forms of legal
ous evaluations on a number of training
liability35. Also, the organizer is subject only
seminars held during 2012, where various
topics on assemblies were being debated34.
35
Article 23, paragraph 1 of the Law on assembly
MIA informative note No. 6/593 of 7/03/2013
34
No. 26 of 22/02/2008
309
to administrative punishment. He can also measures imply the positive obligation of

be subject to other types of punishment the authorities to protect the integrity of the
only if it is proven in court that the partici- demonstrators.
pants acted to the call of the organizer, as However, it should be noted that a de-
the guaranteeing of the peaceful conduct crease in the number of violations of the
of the meeting is assumed namely by the right to public assemblies and religious
organizer. events was observed in 2012. This fact is due
The need to improve the legal frame- to the dialogue between the religious com-
work related to the aspect of assemblies and munities, the civil society and the public
of public actions is also supported by the authorities in order to identify the problems
MIA36, who, in this aim, worked on the draft that they are confronted with and to create
law on the manner to ensure and restore the a climate of mutual tolerance and respect.
public order during public events. During the reporting period, the Centre
The ombudsmen reiterate that for pre- for Human Rights promoted the idea of the
venting violent clashes, both the organizers freedom of assembly. The importance of the
and the local public administration together pluralism of opinions, non-violence, toler-
with the public order enforcement forces ance, which are supreme values in a demo-
should take appropriate measures pre- cratic state and must be observed, were re-
scribed by law and this should be brought iterated in the press releases37 placed on the
in line with European standards, as these Institutions webpage.
http://www.ombudsman.md/md/ne-
37
MIA informative note No. 6/593 of 7/03/2013

36
wslst/1211/1/5876/
The recommendations of the ombudsmen

To amend Article 40 of the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova and bring it in
line with the provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental
Freedoms;
To review the Law on Assemblies No. 26 of 22/02/2008 considering the above argu-
ments and to develop a mechanism to allow effective application of the law;
To reinforce the role and the capacities of the subjects involved in the achievement of
the freedom of assembly: local public authorities, law enforcement bodies, the organizers
and participants in the meetings;
To develop the capacities of the representatives of local public administration to man-
age the meetings and to cooperate with the organizers;
To organize continuous professional development training of the police personnel on
the legal qualification of the actions of the organizers and participants in the meetings;
To create specialized police units responsible for the controlling and supervising of
proper conduct of the meetings, which could be deployed, as appropriate, to facilitate
the meetings;
To strengthen the cooperation between the police and local public authorities in or-
der to ensure the achievement of the right to assembly and to efficiently apply the provi-
sions on the Law on Assemblies
310
CHAPTER I

5. Freedom of thought, conscience and religion
Every citizen is guaranteed the freedom The freedom of opinion and expression
of thought, opinion as well as the freedom of includes several fundamental rights, it is
expression in public through words, images or the mother freedom for all rights of com-
any other possible means. Freedom of expres- munication, closely related to guaranteeing
sion shall not damage the honour, dignity or human dignity, and occupies an especially
the right of others to express own views38. important place among the constitutional
Internationally, this right was for the first freedoms.
time enshrined in Article 19 of the Universal The possibility of free declaration of con-
Declaration of Human Rights proclaimed by cepts, perceptions, ideas, even of those un-
the UN General Assembly on December 10, popular or inconvenient is the basis of any
1948: society, the engine of the progress of both
Everyone has the right to freedom of opin- the community and individual.
ion and expression; this right includes freedom During the visit to Chisinau in Novem-
to hold opinions without interference and ber 2012, the representatives of the Euro-
to seek, receive and impart information and pean Commission against Racism and Intol-
ideas through any media and regardless of erance had a meeting with the ombudsmen
frontiers. and other state officials. The experts made
The principle of the Declaration was the assessment of the state of freedom of
developed in Article 19 of the International religion in the Republic of Moldova, the de-
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, ad- velopments and setbacks found in this area
opted by the UN General Assembly on De- and highlighted some challenges existing
cember 16, 1966, which in its three para- in the Republic of Moldova. Among these
graphs states: are manifestations of intolerance, lack of
1. Everyone shall have the right to hold dialogue between the adepts of various re-
opinions without interference. ligions and faiths, including the ones who
identify themselves as non-believers, lack in
2. Everyone shall have the right to freedom
the educational curriculum of disciplines fo-
of expression; this right shall include freedom
cused on promoting tolerance, the failure of
to seek, receive and impart information and
the role of the religious community on creat-
ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either
ing conditions for a climate of tolerance and
orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art,
mutual respect, as well as the defective real-
or through any other media of his choice.
ization of negative and positive obligations
3. The exercise of the rights provided for in of the state39.
paragraph 2 of this article carries with it spe-
cial duties and responsibilities. It may there-
fore be subject to certain restrictions, but these Guaranteeing the freedom of thought, consci-
39
shall only be such as are provided by law and ence and religion implies primarily the negative
are necessary: (a) For respect of the rights or obligation in the task of the state authorities not
reputations of others; (b) For the protection of to take any action or not to be reproached of any
omission likely to restrict the effective exercise of
national security or of public order, or of public these freedoms. The positive obligations consist
health or morals. in the adoption of some measures aimed at avoi-
ding the appearance of situations when a person
38
Art. 32 of the Constitution of the Republic of is disturbed from worship through the activity of
Moldova another person.
311
The religious cults are an integral part of Moreover, Article 15 of the above men-
society and therefore they should be consid- tioned law governs the relations between
ered established institutions by and through the state and religious cults and stipulates
the involvement of citizens, who are entitled that all the religious organizations are au-
to the freedom of religion, but also, as in- tonomous, separated from the state, with
stitutions that are part of the civil society equal rights before the law and the public
with all its potential to provide indicators of authorities, while the state and its institu-
ethical and civic aspects that have an impor- tions can maintain cooperative relations
tant role in the national community, wheth- with any religious cult and can conclude,
er religious or secular40. where appropriate, agreements of coopera-
The Law on freedom of thought, con- tion with any religious cult or its component
science and religion defines the religious parts.
activity carried out by a cult as an activ- In the process of updating and revising
ity aimed at meeting the spiritual needs of the national legal framework, the legislature
the believers (spreading the doctrine of the took into consideration the international
faith, religious education, religious services, principles and standards, implicitly and ex-
conducting acts of blessing and preach- plicitly incorporating them in the legislation.
ing, training and improvement of religious We note that in 2012, the Centre for Hu-
clergy), as well as activities aimed at organi- man Right was not notified with petitions
zational and material provision of practices that would address deficiencies related to
of worship (publication and distribution of the freedom of thought, conscience or reli-
literature with religious content, production gion.
and dissemination of religious objects, pro-
duction of liturgical vestments, etc.).
Recommendation 1804 (2007) of the Parliamen-

40
tary Assembly of the Council of Europe on state,

religion, secularity or human rights.
The recommendation of ombudsmen

To engage the representatives of religious groups in dialogue as a fundamental prem-
ise for eradicating acts of intolerance and/or incitement to religious hatred, promoting
diversity and strengthening the culture of communication;
To review the existing regulations and practices of registering the religious entities
in order to ensure the right of all persons to manifest their religious beliefs, alone or with
others, in public or privately, regardless of registration status, in accordance with the in-
ternational recommendations and standards;
To introduce in the school curriculum disciplines focused on the information about
the existence of diversity of religions and faiths, in order to exclude the stereotypes and
prejudices that persist in society.
312
CHAPTER I

6. The right to health care
Health is a value in itself and a precon- the development of new normative acts are
dition for economic prosperity. Therefore prerequisites for the implementation of the
citizens health is one of the main priorities National Health Policy42 established by poli-
of each state, and health policy provides for cymakers for a period of 15 years.
the right of everyone to have access to high In addition to providing an effective and
quality healthcare. The policy that the Re- efficient regulatory framework, it is neces-
public of Moldova promotes aims at: sary to promote standards, supreme moral
preventing illness; values, obligatory principles and rules of
protecting and promoting public conduct for all members of the medical
health; community. Health workers have an obli-
gation to protect physical and mental hu-
improving the quality of life.
man health, to promote healthy lifestyles,
Currently, the legislation in the field in- to prevent illnesses and to relieve suffering
cludes several laws, Government decisions by respecting the right to life and the dig-
and documents approved by the Ministry nity of the human being. Based on the peti-
of Health and other public authorities, con- tions received by the CHR and on the top-
ceived in different periods of statehood, ics mediatised in the course of the year, the
each bearing the imprint of the social sta- ombudsmen state that rather often doctors
tus, the understanding of the perspectives do not honour their work duties in full. The
of government and legal philosophy of the beneficiaries of medical services express dis-
time. Although the Law on Healthcare No. satisfaction with the operation of the com-
411 of 28/03/1995 and other regulations pulsory health insurance system and the
have undergone numerous amendments, at increased costs of the insurance policy, with
present there is no eloquent legal definition the quality of services offered in the health-
of the main components of the healthcare care system and the unofficial payments, the
system, above all of medical services and irresponsible attitude of the employees in
of public health. The adoption of the Law the system and the lack of knowledge or ex-
on State Supervision of Public Health No. 10 perience to provide appropriate assistance,
of 3/0 /2009 was a significant step forward indifference and lack of respect for patients,
to provide conditions for maximum realiza- even after their death, infringement by the
tion of each individuals health potential members of the medical community of the
throughout life. This however does not ex- patients rights. The cases of infection or
actly explain how far public health concerns suspected infection with TB in some edu-
extend and to what extent the adjacent cational institutions from the country were
areas (the environment, food safety, vet- not left without the ombudsmans attention,
erinary, phyto-sanitary, safety at the work also the death of a patient from Ocnita dis-
place, protection of certain social groups, trict, as consequence of inadequate inter-
etc.) are the object of concern of public vention of the medical assistance team; the
healthcare institutions. Moreover, these are organization and quality of medical services
listed in the EU legislation as areas of health, provided in public medical-sanitary institu-
since they largely determine the status of tions, including the prenatal ones; the errors
health of the population41. The adjustment is setting the diagnosis and in offering medi-
of the legal framework to the rigours and cal care, the poor supply and low quality of
standards of the European Union, as well as the food products provided to children in
European Health Strategy, http://europa.eu/le-

41
Decision of the Government of the Republic of
42
gislation_summaries/public_health/european_ Moldova on the approval of the National Health

health_strategy Policy No. 866 of 6/08/2007
313
some preschool institutions; the disastrous unpaid compulsory health insurance premi-
sanitary-epidemiological state of the central ums44. Referring the undertaken by the state
streets of some communities caused by the measures for the accumulation of manda-
illegal placement of a food market, etc. tory health insurance funds to the amount
of mandatory health insurance premium,
the household income, the accessibility and
Compulsory health insurance
quality of offered medical services, the om-
The Republic of Moldova has committed budsmen consider that the current system
to strengthen the health system to achieve of mandatory medical insurance failed to
full citizens right to health, based on the meet the objectives: to provide an autono-
principles of equity and solidarity funding mous state guaranteed financial protection
commitments from the state and the indi- of the population in healthcare and to offer
vidual. Although the Law on compulsory equal opportunities to get timely and qual-
medical insurance provides equal opportu- ity health care to all citizens of the Republic
nities in obtaining timely and quality health of Moldova.
care for all insured citizens, regardless of the
Citizens signal prolonged waiting to re-
size of the paid insurance, in reality, due to
ceive medical consultation, the reluctance
objective and subjective reasons, the ac-
of doctors to prescribe compensated drugs,
cess to these services remains low for some
difficult access to compensated drugs in
groups of people. The burden of additional
rural areas, defective procedure for the
financial expenses, related to health, con-
tinues to be substantial for the rural popula-
tion, who are forced to travel long distances The ombudsmen kept for exami-
to receive medical consultations, medical nation several cases when citizens
investigations, to purchase drugs. were unable to go to another health
The transition to the new model of care facility in connection with the
providing medical care was made without change of the place of residence. It
adequate public information campaign. was found that this situation is gen-
Insufficient awareness about the need for erated both by the bureaucracy of
health insurance, the conditions of access to the employees of the public medi-
health care and the legal effects of failure to cal-sanitary institutions included in
provide health care is the reason why some the mandatory medical insurance
potential beneficiaries remain outside the system and by the imperfection of
public insurance system. The citizens do not the legal framework in this domain.
know their rights and obligations regarding These cases served as grounds for
the medical insurance, they do not know at proposing an amendment to the
all or have superficial knowledge about the Regulation on the registration of
mandatory health insurance system and the the population in the medical-san-
medical services covered by the insurance itary institution that provides pri-
policy. mary health care within the man-
Starting from compulsory health in- datory health insurance system No.
surance, the legislature has established a 627/163A of 09/09/2010, approved
mechanism for the identification of indi- by the joint order of the Ministry of
viduals who have not the insurance pre- Health and National House of Medi-
mium within the period prescribed by law43 cal Insurance.
and has foreseen contravention liability for
Article 266 of the Code of Administrative Offen-
44
The Regulation on the control of paying the man-

43
ces: failure to pay the mandatory health insuran-
datory health insurance premiums in the fixed ce premiums within the timeframe prescribed by
amount, approved by Government Decision No. law is punishable with a fine from 25 to 55 con-
1015 of 5/09/2005 ventional units.
314
CHAPTER I

registration of the population in medical- Control and prevention of tuberculosis
sanitary institutions that provide primary According to the data of the World
medical care within the mandatory health Health Organization (WHO), the Republic of
insurance system, reduced access to emer- Moldova is in the area with the highest inci-
gency medical services. dence of tuberculosis among the European
Some unemployed petitioners disagree countries, which continues to be one of the
with the court rulings on collecting the cost most prevalent diseases among the popula-
of the insurance policy and of the penalties tion. The reasons for this are the unfavour-
for untimely non-payment of mandatory able socio-economic conditions, the wors-
health insurance premiums. This category of ening of the structure of the clinical forms of
citizens invokes the impossibility to pay the tuberculosis, emergence of clinical forms of
mandatory medical insurance premiums in MDR (multidrug-resistant) tuberculosis, etc.
a fixed amount and absolute value due to Given that in the last two years, more
lack of stable income and the poor finan- cases of contamination with tuberculosis
cial situation. Although the government happened in educational institutions in the
specifies as policyholders the majority of the country (boarding school from the village
categories of unemployed residing in the CrihanaVeche, Cahul rayon, the kindergar-
Republic of Moldova, and the state makes ten from Donduseni, the kindergarten from
provisions for discounts of the mandatory the village Congaz, Comrat rayon, Childrens
medical insurance set in a fixed amount if Pulmonologist Rehabilitation Centre from
the latter is paid within the timeframe pre- village Cornesti, Ungheni rayon), the om-
scribed by the law45, there is a segment of budsmen carried out a study46 in 2012 on
the population that is not satisfied by the the effectiveness of the control and preven-
states actions in this area, considering that tion of tuberculosis in the context of human
namely the state is required to take actions rights protection in the Republic of Moldova
to ensure a favourable framework, fair to all, and of state institutions capacity to provide
which would allow each person to benefit of necessary conditions in this respect.
the insurance policy, and respectively, of the
According to the study, the contamina-
services covered by the mandatory medical
tion with tuberculosis in these institutions,
insurance policy.
alongside with social intolerance towards
The low living standard in the Republic the persons, who contracted this serious
of Moldova, the conditions offered by the disease, demonstrates the states insufficient
state medical system and the rapid develop- capacity to provide necessary conditions for
ment of private medical services gradually this purpose. According to the ombudsmen,
lead to a polarization in terms of access to the mentioned above cases offer grounds
equitable, qualitative and timely medical for the law enforcement bodies to investi-
services. This is a reality that that has long- gate the criminal negligence committed by
term consequences on the state of health the people responsible in the field.
of the population, which comes in contra-
These and other cases found under the
diction with the principles of equality and
scrutiny of CHR are proof of the fact that so-
social justice. While a segment of the pop-
cial mobilization has not reached the level at
ulation has access to high quality services
which all the resources and capabilities be
provided by private clinics and laboratories
involved in the fight with tuberculosis, while
in the country and abroad, as well as expen-
the patients and health care providers edu-
sive effective drugs, another segment of the
cation or public information are not consid-
population has problems accessing quality
ered of major importance yet.
care and medication, and what is more seri-
ous in accessing primary medical care.
46
The Law on compulsory health insurance funds

45
TE%20PDF/Raport%20TBC.pdf
315
According to the recommendation of bating and prophylaxis of TB. Social hostility

the WHO and UNAIDS, the people who are towards the persons infected with TB and
infected with TB, the members of their fami- the existence of some gaps in the system al-
lies, especially the children affected by this low the leak of medical information, which
malady, should be provided with free treat- has severe consequences on the affected
ment and extent the access to specific treat- people, such as job loss, stigmatization and
ment under DOTS. This requirement aims discrimination. The low level of patients
to ensure the protection of the population responsibility to their disease and to those
against infection. they might infect reduces the efficiency of
In the Republic of Moldova, the Ministry healthcare. It is difficult to assess the effi-
of Health has primary responsibility for TB ciency of the treatment of the patient infect-
control in the country. This duty is exercised ed with TB and to detect the TB outbreaks on
through IMSP IFP Chiril Dragoniuc and time based only on the family doctors com-
involves the Ministry of Justice and other petence without taking into the account the
governmental entities in collaboration with contribution of other relevant actors (police,
NGOs and their international partners in ac- local public authority, etc.).
tivities of planning, implementing, monitor- Given that the stated problem requires
ing and evaluating. TB control is performed a positive state obligation to guarantee
through a network of specialized institutions the right to healthcare and considering the
and primary health care services. Patients need to develop an effective mechanism
with tuberculosis receive free treatment. of cooperation between competent state
However, local public authorities have structures, the ombudsmen have submit-
the duty to develop territorial TB control ted to the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of
programmes tailored to the features of the Education and to the local public authorities
tuberculosis epidemic in the territory; health a number of recommendations that could
information and education of the popula- help improve the situation on the control
tion aimed at preventing TB. and prevention of tuberculosis.
The Government of the Republic of Mol-
dova constantly reports within the moni- Patients rights
toring mechanisms of UN human rights Promotion of human rights, as a funda-
treaty implementation. The aspects of hu- mental component of the reforms and fail-
man rights in healthcare are found in both ure to meet these rights to the maximum,
the governmental reports, as well as in the generates the appearance of a contentious
conclusions and recommendations of UN situation in the social relations. This frame-
committees to the Republic of Moldova. The work is also typical of the healthcare system,
control and prevention of tuberculosis is where conflicts between the health provid-
one of the problems included in the reports, ers and the patients appear.
especially in the conclusions of the monitor- The medical profession is a social activ-
ing bodies47. ity and therefore the health care provider is
The conducted study shows that despite subject to risks and can make mistakes in his
the state reports on the measures taken to work, which consequently can cause harm
combat this disease, there is an alarming to the patient.
dynamics. Both, at local and central levels, The materialization of this fact leads to
the responsible authorities intervene with immediate setting of moral, social and legal
delay in the cases and issues related to com- responsibility, as the medical act has un-
avoidable human, social and legal effects
47
Concluding observations of the Human Rights
that rise obligations and rights for the in-
Committee, 97th session of 12-30 October, 2009,
paragraph 13; Concluding Observations of the volved parties. Medical care may be affected
Committee against Torture, 43th session, of by inaccuracies mistakes and/or errors that
2-20November, 2009, paragraph 24.
316
CHAPTER I

Medical malpractice48 is a real problem
The CHR received a complaint and the responsibility for medical errors is
which alleges a medical error while born by the decision makers, the health ser-
the doctors of the Municipal Clinic vices providers, the citizens as consumers of
Hospital for Children Valentin Ig- health services and by the society in general.
natenco offered medical care to However, no group has been willing to ac-
a minor child of 4 years old. The cept its share of responsibility and to take
ombudsmen requested the help of necessary steps for the change yet.
the Ministry of Health in setting up There is no specific legislation in the
a special commission to assess the field of medical malpractice in the Republic
professionalism of the given doc- of Moldova that would establish and regu-
tors and to find the persons guilty of late the liability of the provider of healthcare
the actions that led to the infliction services. In the absence of a legal framework
of physical sufferings to the child. specifically regulated, in which a person can
On the basis of the given appeal, seek compensation as expression of a pro-
the created commission found that cess of redress against the violation of the
doctor B. made a mistake in setting patients right, medical standards or medi-
the diagnosis and treatment of the cal outcomes, the cases of medical malprac-
minor child and he was sanctioned tice are examined as required by the law
in the form of a disciplinary repri- in force49. The examination of such cases is
mand. done judicially and involves considerable
However, the ombudsman request- expenses on behalf of the injured patient,
who bears the burden of proving the error
ed the help of the Prosecutors Of-
of the healthcare provider.
fice of Buiucani sector, city Chisinau
to establish the constituent ele- The current system of certification of
ments of the offence taking into ac- doctors and pharmacists is geared towards
count the gravity of the injuries. On assessing the qualifications and aims at in-
December 3, 2012 prosecution was creasing the degree of responsibility in the
initiated according to Article 213 of exercise of profession and the quality of
the Criminal Code Negligent vio- medical/pharmaceutical services provided
for the population. The assessment of the
lation of the rules and methods of
professional qualification is made by the ex-
medical assistance.
amination of the personal folder, testing and
performance interview. However, according
create damage to the patient. The quality of to the Regulation on certification of doctors
health services, the mistakes made in medi- and pharmacists approved by the order of
cal practice and medical liability are issues in the Ministry of Health No. 75-p, paragraph
the centre of attention of the society, mak- 1 of 2/06/2011, the patients complaints and
ing them the topic of the printed and elec- medical errors do not serve as criteria for as-
tronic press, radio reports, TV programmes, sessing the qualification level of the doctor.
etc. Medical errors almost inevitably remain
to be constant in the medical practice, which 48
Malpractice incorrect or negligent treatment
in the conditions of the current healthcare applied by a doctor to a patient which causes
system have sources for a more pronounced damage of any kind to the latter in relation to
proliferation. In this context, at internation- the degree of affecting his physical and mental
al level, there is a high level of concern for capacity.
medical errors and adverse events, as well 49
Civil code, Civil Procedure Code, Law on
as their negative impact on the morbidity, Healthcare, Law on patient rights and respon-
sibilities, Law on medical profession, Law on ju-
mortality, disability and long periods of hos-
dicial expertise, technical-scientific and forensic
pitalization. statements, Code of Administrative Offences,
Criminal Code, Criminal Procedure Code
317
The Republic of Moldova lacks a national health is an essential principle of the legal
system of reporting medical errors, official system of all Contracting Parties to the Con-
statistics made public is missing in reference vention for the Protection of Human Rights
to the number of cases examined in court, and Fundamental Freedoms. Confidentiality
the number of doctors who have been held is essential not only to protect the privacy of
liable for damage caused by imprudence, patients but also to maintain confidence in
negligence or lack of professionalism, the the medical staff and the health services in
number of deaths due to medical errors, general. In the absence of such protection,
the number of people who have suffered the patients requiring medical care may be
as result of wrong treatment and drugs dissuaded from offering personal and inti-
wrongly prescribed, as well as the infections mate information necessary for appropriate
contracted during hospitalization or after treatment and even for consulting a doctor.
surgery. All these system weaknesses identi- The circumstances, in which information on
fied by the ombudsmen in the examination the patients state of health is divulged, pre-
of complaints submitted to CHR and related dominantly through mass-media, may be re-
to the multiple cases mediatised at least in garded as interference in the exercise of the
the course of 2012, reveal the existence of right to be protected as stipulated in Article
some serious problems in the given field. Ac- 8 of ECHR.
cording to the ombudsmen, the state must The patients consent is an obligatory
take resolute and operative actions in order prerequisite of the medical act established
to improve the legal framework related to by law, which may be in oral or in written
medical malpractice and to set up a norma- form and must be registered in the medical
tive and institutional framework to work out documentation and signed by the patient or
these cases outside the court; to develop his legal representative (close relative) and
and implement a system of reporting medi- the treating doctor.
cal errors; to implement mandatory civil li-
The legislation in force states that the in-
ability for medical malpractice to medical
formed consent should obligatorily contain
and pharmaceutical employees, to medi-
information, presented in a form accessible
cal-sanitary and pharmaceutical institutions,
to the patient about the purpose, the ex-
producers and providers of drugs and medi-
pected effect, the methods of medical inter-
cal equipment.
vention, the potential risk connected with it,
Informing the patient, the confidential- the possible medical, social, psychological,
ity of the data and medical secret, the con- economic consequences, as well as on other
sent and informed agreement are areas of alternative treatment options and medical
vulnerability in the medical practice. care. This is entirely the doctors task.
The Law on patient rights and respon- According to research in the field, al-
sibilities No. 263 of 27/10/2005 stipulates though the doctors are aware of the obliga-
that all data on the identity and condition tion to obtain informed consent, only few of
of the patient, the results of the investi- them conclude it in the required form. The
gations, the diagnosis, the prognosis, the explanation of such behaviour lies in the
treatment and personal data are confiden- subjective and unilateral assessment of the
tial, represent a medical secret and are to risk that the medical intervention involves
be protected. The cases mediatised in the and ignorance of modalities of therapeutic
press prove that the medical personnel do conduct, which prompts the doctor to vio-
not practically comply with the mentioned late the legal regulations.
legal norms. The ombudsmen have previ-
A large number of complaints referring
ously mentioned50 that observance of the
to limited access of unvaccinated children
confidential character of information about
to educational institutions received by the
50 ombudsmen in 2012 support this finding.
TE%20PDF/Raport%202009%20redactat.pdf Among the reasons of non-vaccination, the
318
CHAPTER I

parents cited lack of complex information For example, the ombudsman was in-
on the care induced by vaccination and its formed about a case when the parents of a
advantages, on one side, and failure to re- minor child, who was in a serious condition,
quest consent for such a medical interven- categorically refused to give their consent
tion, on the other side. to emergency medical intervention for reli-
Yet, there is another side of this issue gious reasons. The medical staff was not able
refusal of medical treatment for religious to make an adequate decision about medi-
reasons, mentioned by the legal representa- cal care without the parents consent. Only
tive of a minor child. The legislation in force, after the interference of the ombudsman
which regulates this domain, offers various on the site, who requested the presence of
solutions with vague formulations: a policeman, as representative of power, the
child was offered the needed medical care
Article 4 of the Law on Childrens against the parents will. In this case, the om-
Rights: If parents refuse medical care budsman acted according to Article 4 of the
for the sick child, it is given against Law on Childrens Rights by convincing the
their will by the decision of the Board medical staff that their actions are legal and
of doctors taken in the presence of a that they will not be later penalized for fail-
representative of power; ure to strictly comply with the provisions of
the Law on medical profession.
Article 13 of the Law on patient
rights and responsibilities: In case of In these circumstances, it was found that
refusal from medical care expressed the imperfection of the law in force, on the
by the legal reprehensive of the pa- one hand, and the doctors un-readiness to
tient (close relative) when such care act firmly in such situations, on the other
is necessary to save the patients life, hand, could have had serious consequences
the guardianship bodies have the for the patients health and even life.
right, at the request of health care The ombudsmen consider appropriate
organizations, to appeal to court for to revise the legislation in force and to com-
the protection of the interests of the plete the Law on medical profession with
sick person. If emergency medical in- clear provisions on the manner the doctor
tervention is needed in order to save should act in such cases. It is also necessary
the life of the person, when the latter that doctors continuously improve not only
cannot express his will and the con- their professional knowledge, but also the
sent of his legal representative (of a knowledge on human rights in providing
medical care.
close relative) cannon to obtained on
time, the medical staff, empowered By the adoption of the Law on pa-
in the way prescribed by legislation, tients rights and responsibilities No. 263 of
has the right to make decisions in 27/10.2005 and the Law on medical profes-
the interest of the patient; sion No. 264 of 27/10/2005, the paternal
model of the relation doctor-patient was
Article 17 of the Law on medical officially renounced in favour of the model
profession: The doctor is obliged based on shared decision-making. The pa-
to request the patients consent for tient is autonomous and has the right to
any medical provision under la law; make choices and take actions based on
Article 18: Any medical intervention personal values and beliefs. The role of
shall be performed with the patients doctor-patient communication consists in
consent, except when his physical providing exchange of information, making
and mental condition does not allow mutually acceptable decisions, developing
him to take a conscious decision, or understanding and building trust. Failure
in other cases prescribed by law. to observe these leads to non-fulfilment of
professional obligations and the violation of
319
the patients rights. Therefore, given that acquire primordial responsibility to protect
the patient and/or his legal representative the patients own health, of his family and
become more informed and involved in the children.
decision making on the health, they also
7. Observance of the right to work and labour protection

The right to work and labour protection, The experts in the field allege two main
enshrined in Article 43 of the Supreme Law causes: massive migration of the young spe-
of the Republic of Moldova, is one of the cialists and the training of specialists, who
fundamental and inalienable human rights. are, in fact, not needed on the labour market
However, for the majority of people work currently. The problem is getting worse year
is the sole or most important source of in- by year because a national policy on voca-
come and existence, including the provision tional training and orientation is missing so
of an old age pension. The right to work is far52.
and will continue to be permanently sub- The National Agency for Employment
jected to profound changes closely related states that the reasons and causes of unem-
to the processes that take place in the social ployment in our country include: insufficient
and economic life of the country. Therefore, vacancies, the existence of an uncompeti-
the regulation of labour relations should be tive workforce on the labour market, current
among the priorities of the state policies. dismissal of a large number of people, and
In the reporting period, an insignificant the mismatch of the demand and offer.
increase of complaints related to the right In this context, in order to redress the
to work and labour protection registered situation, it is necessary to take operative
by the Centre for Human Rights is observed measures on a medium and long term peri-
compared to the year 2011; 103 complaints od. The undertaken actions should be aimed
in 2012 and 93 in 2011. The issues raised at business growth, including through fiscal
by the petitioners remain largely the same: measures; professional training of the em-
wage arrears, insufficient remuneration ployees and young graduates; creation of
level, termination of individual employment new sub-branches of the national economy;
contract with some teachers in connection further organization of retraining courses
with old-age retirement, non-observance of for the unemployed; setting up local part-
legal working time, inadequate involvement nerships.
of labour inspectors in the investigation of
The petitions made by the employees
labour accidents, discrimination in hiring.
of the enterprise S.A. Archir to the CHR re-
Unemployment and undeclared work vealed litigations of different nature which
are other issues that are related to the right ended in closing down the business and
to work. The unemployment rate at national consequently depriving about 290 people
level recorded in the third quarter of 2012 of a source of existence. Some of these em-
the value of 4.8 %, which is lower compared ployees have three or more children to pro-
to the third quarter of 2011 (5.3%). As in pre- vide for, other are disabled or care for people
vious years, there were significant disparities with disabilities. Moreover, on January 26,
between urban unemployment rate (7.3 %) 2012, the management of the enterprise
and rural (2.8 %). Unemployed registered had wage arrears of 2,711,100 lei.
an alarming rate among the youth: 12.7 %
Given the states obligation to create
in the 15 24 age group and 10 % in the 15
jobs, to improve the living conditions of its
29 age group51. The issue of youth employ-
ment is extremely acute. 52
http://eco.md/index.php?option=com_content
&view=article&id=7523:piata-muncii-probleme-
51
www.statistica.md de-azi-soluii-de-maine
320
CHAPTER I

citizens, the CHR examined the involvement payment of salaries, cannon recover them
of the relevant authorities in providing the on the ground that the enterprises do not
employees of the enterprise with jobs and in have assets.
observing their right to work. The results of Non-observance of the working time
the investigation were presented in a report without payment for overtime is another
sent to the Government53 for effective inter- issue raised during the receptions of com-
vention in this case. Regretfully, the Govern- plainants at CHR. The employees are forced
ment limited its interference to resending to accept the conditions imposed by the
the Report to the authorities, who were employers in order to maintain the job,
criticized, without having taken measures to while the probability of getting another
redress the situation. job is low. Indeed, this is one of the reasons
Starting from the constitutional provi- of accepting undeclared work, which is a
sions, laid down in Article 126, paragraph persistent phenomenon in the Republic of
2, the state has committed to increase the Moldova. On the other hand, insufficient
number of jobs and create conditions for information of the employees, alongside the
improved life quality. fiscal costs and the bureaucratic administra-
The issue of salary arrears was reported tive procedures is another factor that cre-
in other complaints of the citizens. In the ates this phenomenon. The ombudsmen
reporting period, 21 employees of the State encourage awareness raising campaigns at
Enterprise of the State Reservation Prutul national and local levels with the participa-
de Jos from the village Slobozia Mare ap- tion of social partners, public authorities,
pealed to the branch of CHR from Cahul. employment agencies, as well as control
They alleged salary arrears for a period of 7 and sanctioning bodies to prevent the ad-
months which amounts to 421,000 lei. Ac- verse effects of illegal work. At the same
cording to the petitioners, the debts of the time, in order for the authorities to prevent
management of Vulcanesti Rayon Hospital the illegal work, its necessary to have a ho-
amounted to 1,600,000 lei; the SRL Valex- listic approach that would include: efficient
chimp accumulated salary arrears to 37 em- employment policies, adequate remunera-
ployees, while at PatisonLux SRL the salary tion, ensuring a maximum degree of trans-
arrears for 11 employees totalled 90,000 lei. parency and accessibility to tax and social
protection systems.
Non-payment of salary arrears, of holiday
allowances, etc. was raised by a large num-
ber of people who notified the CHR branch Some persons addressed the Com-
in Balti. Thus, it was stated that 3 municipal rat Branch of CFR and told that af-
enterprises54laid off all the employees, who ter reaching the retirement age the
were announced of the closing down of the
employer terminated the individual
businesses, without being provided all the
employment contract, but in reality
payments under the law. In fact, according
they continue to work but illegally.
to the information from the State Registra-
tion Chamber these businesses were not
liquidated. Many of the former employees,
even if they are under executor title of the The examination of a petition about
non-execution of the court ruling on the pe-
53
Letter No. 03-1016-1/11 of 02/08/2012
titioners immediate rehiring in the formally
occupied position revealed a legal imperfec-
54
Specialized Municipal Auto Enterprise, Municipal
enterprise for the exploitation of the residential tion. Namely, immediate execution of such
fund property, and MEDSARC No. 2 ruling is impossible in the cases when the
321
Labour Code in paragraph 2, Article 8555 pro- the violations of legislation are committed
hibits the dismissal of the person. Therefore, with the tacit consent of the employees or
we recommend the Ministry of Labour, So- of their representatives56.
cial Protection and Family to examine such The complaints submitted to the CHR
circumstances and to initiate procedures for by people, who suffered from accidents at
amending the legislation in question. the workplace, reveal the existence of some
Although the legal framework in the problems related to how the accidents at
field of labour safety has been improved in the workplace are examined. In order for
recent years, the performance of compe- the employers to escape punishment, the
tent institutions leaves to be desired. It also blame, in many cases, is shifted to the em-
follows to change the attitude of the employee, opinion also supported by union
ployers and of the employees so as to fully representatives. Obviously, in such cases,
comply with the Law on security and labour we can speak about the inadequate/super-
safety No. 186 of July 10, 2008. It is therefore ficial examination on behalf of competent
necessary to implement a set of complex bodies in charge of monitoring compliance
measures to ensure compliance with basic with the work safety rules.
safety and health rules. Relevant in this context is the case of a
According to the operative data avail- young women of 18 years old, who suffered
able at the Labour Inspectorate, in 2012, the a serious work accident (her forearm was
labour inspectors have investigated 93 la- amputated) which happened at Franzeluta
bour accidents as result of which 74 people S.A. Bakery from Chisinau, where she was
were injured and 28 people died. According engaged.
to the results of the control of the Labour The minutes on the investigation of
Inspectorate, the most common breaches the accident at the workplace done by the
of the law on health and safety at the work- labour inspector, which finds only the em-
place committed by the employers are re- ployee guilty, raised the concern of the om-
lated to failure to assess the professional budsman. The ombudsman requested the
risks or employment of people, who are not help of the National Confederation of Trade
professionally trained, or without training Unions from Moldova, in the context of the
in safety and health rules at the workplace. unions competence and empowerment to
Also, there were detected irregularities re- carry out public control over compliance
lated to work performed under high risk, ap- with labour laws. Following the additional
plication of outdated and dangerous equip- control conducted within this framework,
ment, failure to provide protective equip- some irregularities have been found. So, the
ment, placement of technological processes State General Inspectorate was notified of
in inadequate rooms without protective further investigation of this accident at the
devices, which create the risk of accidents. workplace.
Violation of the legislation on health and
Another situation, which is attested, is
work safety at workplace, as well as, the dif-
the imposition by some employers of some
ficulty in its application, are due to employ-
discriminatory conditions at employment.
ers insufficiency or lack of necessary knowl-
The ombudsmen have come to this conclu-
edge to ensure its observance. Frequently,
sion as result of examining the announce-
ments for job vacancies, as well as the unan-
Labour Code of the Republic of Moldova No. 154
55
of 28/03/2003, Article 86, dismissal

nounced control conducted during the Job
(2) Dismissal of employee is not allowed during Fair organized by the National Employment
sick leave, annual leave, maternity leave, partially
paid leave for child care under the age of 3, addi-
tional unpaid leave for childcare from the age of http://eco.md/index.php?option=com_content
56
3 to 6, in the period of caring out state or public &view=article&id=7876:indiferena-angajatorilor-

duty, in the period of deployment, except in ca- provoac-anual-zeci-de-victime-ale-accidentelor-
ses of liquidation of the unit. de-munc&catid=108:opinii&Itemid=479
322
CHAPTER I

Agency and Chisinau Municipal Agency for lic of Moldova recognizes paragraphs 1
Employment within the exhibition Made in and 2 of Article 4 of the revised European
Moldova. It was established that the most Charter57.
common discriminatory conditions in job
advertisements and in the discussions with
the employers are the criteria of age and The European Social Charter (revised) of
57
gender. That is why certain categories of 3/05/1996. Article 4. The right to fair remunera-
people are deprived of competing for a va- tion.
With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of
cancy from the very start. Therefore, the Na- the right to a fair remuneration, the Parties un-
tional Employment Agency and the Labour dertake:
Inspectorate should undertake a more rigor- 1. to recognize the right of workers to a remunera-
ous control to ensure equal opportunities tion such as will give them and their families a
and treatment of all people at engagement. decent standard of living;
2. to recognize the right of workers to an increased
The ombudsmen also reiterate the need rate of remuneration for overtime work, subject
to conduct a study on whether the Repub- to exceptions in particular cases;
8. The right to social assistance and protection

Ensuring a decent level of living, in the relatively constant. In 2012, 150 petitions
conditions of upward growth of prices and were registered on this topic, compared to
tariffs on consumer goods and services, was 167 in 2011, which demonstrates that the
one of the most pressing problems in the re- situation in the field of social protection has
porting year. not changed essentially.
Following the recommendations of the The petitioners invoke low income, so-
UN Committee on Economic, Social and cial benefits, and significant annual growth
Cultural Rights of May, 2011, the Republic of prices and tariffs on consumer goods and
of Moldova committed to progressively take services, which mainly affects the categories
actions to remedy the situation in terms of citizens in situations of high social risk:
of ensuring decent living for each person. families with many children, retired people,
The committee urges the State to increase low income people, youth, people with dis-
its efforts to guarantee that the national abilities and those who care for them, unem-
minimum wage is sufficient to ensure an ployed, persons released from detention.
adequate standard of living for workers and According to the National Bureau of Sta-
their families, as well as to increase the pen- tistics, in the 3rd quarter of 2012, the average
sions to a level that allows an adequate stan- monthly income of a person constituted
dard of living, and, as a first step, reach the 1,507.3 lei, increasing by 2.3 % compared
minimum subsistence level. The Committee to the same period of the previous year, but
also reiterates its recommendation that the adjusted to the consumer price index59 re-
State party should introduce a mechanism corded a decrease by 2 %. It also results from
to determine and regularly adjust the mini- the same source that the average monthly
mum wage in proportion to the cost of liv- expenses of household consumption in the
ing58 . 3rd quarter of 2012 constituted 1,675.3 lei for
In the recent years, the number of ap- a person, increasing by 3.2 % compared to
peals to the Centre for Human Rights on is- the same period last year. The greatest part
sues related to the observance of the right of expenditures is for covering the needs for
to social assistance and protection remains food consumption 42 %; the household
Geneva, May 04-05, 2011, session forty-sixth of

58
Consumer price index in the 3rd quarter of the
59
the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural year 2012 compared to the 3rd quarter of 2011
Rights increased by 4.4 %.
323
maintenance for a person constituted an av- ever, too optimistic in relation to the actual
erage of 19 % of the total consumption ex- situation of families in need.
penses60 . The given generalization is, how- According to the ombudsmen, perma-
nent increase of food prices and utilities tar-
iffs is one of the decisive factors that deter-
60
http://www.statistica.md/public/files/publica-
tii_electronice/Raport_trimestrial/Raport_anu-
mine the worsening of the quality of life of
al_2012_rom.pdf citizens and the deepening of poverty.
Evolution of prices and tariffs on consumer goods and services

in the period 2010-2012
December 2012 December2011 December 2010

Goods and services ( %) compared to: ( %) compared to: (%) compared to:
December 2011 December 2010 December 2009
Food products /
5.4 7.4 7.1
average
Vegetables 22.7 4.5 9.0
Fruits 11,4 14.1 7.5
Meat, cooked and
8.4 5.4 -0.8
preserved meat
Milk and milk products 4.8 11.7 10.8
Sugar 26.4 9.8
Eggs 19.5 32.3 0.3
Non-food products /
3.6 5.2 7.7
average
Ready-made clothes 4.3 2.6 3.4
Footwear 3.4 5.1 3.1
Fuels 5.1 10.9 25.1
Building materials 2.9 15.2 3.2
Services/ average 3.0 11.6 9.7
Housing services 22.0 18.9
3.6
Drinking water and
15.2 6.6 1.7
sewerage
Electricity 7.3 10.3 20.4
Natural gas through the
40.1 26.2
network
Central heating 42.7 25,.3
In this context, we welcome the adop- with its efficiency in the adopted wording.
tion of the Law on the minimum subsis- Enforcement of economic and social rights
tence level61, being inevitable given the presupposes, alongside with the adoption
above mentioned. Meanwhile, the ombuds- of an appropriate regulatory framework, the
men have great reservations in connection development of effective actions for its im-
plementation and the application of a suit-
61
Law on minimum subsistence level No.153 of able mechanism.
05/07/2012
324
CHAPTER I

Thus, according to the ombudsmens to the consumer price index66) decreased by
opinion, the Law on the minimum subsis- 2.0 %. The social benefits are indexed annu-
tence level will get a formal character in the ally but very insignificantly.
conditions when it does not regulate the The small amount of pensions, which
modality and adjustment stages of the so- does not cover at least the subsistence
cial benefits quantum and of the minimum minimum, is one of the most frequent issues
wage at country level with at least this mini-
raised by pensioners both in their written
mum. Moreover, the word reserve, included
appeals and during the interviews on the
in Article 1 given the financial possibilities
site. The pensioners, retired in agriculture,
of the state offers a comfortable point to
mention, in particular, that compared to
the Government in relation to likely claims
on wage or social benefits increases. other categories of pensioners they are evi-
dently disadvantaged; the amount of their
At the stage of public debate on the pensions continues to remain very small.
draft law, the Centre for Human Rights The pensioners mention that besides the
warned about the need of its improvement
fact that they have no possibility to pay the
in connection with the regulation of the ad-
utilities, they also have difficulty in purchas-
justment mechanism of social benefits and
ing medicines. That is why it is observed an
minimum wages to the subsistence level, so
increase in the number of lonely pensioners
as to ensure the functionality of the law62.
hospitalized in medical institutions (espe-
According to the data of the National cially during the cold period of the year),
Bureau of Statistics63, in the 3rd quarter of where they can at least benefit of decent
2012, the subsistence minimum per person food, heating, etc.
averaged 1,456.9 lei. For the pensioners the
subsistence minimum was of 1,259.5 lei.
Meanwhile, the monthly average pension Pensioner I.V. appealed to the
as of October 1, 2012 was of 957.9 lei, which Comrat branch of CHR and men-
makes possible to cover the subsistence tioned that he worked for 44 years
minimum in a proportion of 76.1 %. This is to in agriculture and his pension is of
say nothing about the pension for workers 740 lei.
in agriculture64, which on 1/10/2012 was of
625.44 lei. It should also be mentioned the fact
The persons with severe disabilities are that as consequence of socio-economic de-
in a difficult situation as well. Having addi- velopment, a change in the categories of
tional needs, they incur expenses that ex- people in difficult situations requiring social
ceed the established subsistence minimum assistance from the state is being noticed.
per person. The average amount of an inva- Currently, besides the pensioners and the
lidity pension is of 782.05 lei per month65. persons with disabilities, lonely people (re-
gardless of gender), people that have a one/
As mentioned above, the information
three years old child in their care, prisoners
provided by the National Bureau of Statis-
with severe disabilities, victims of human
tics indicates a continuous growth of the
trafficking or of torture come to complete
monthly consumer price index, while the
this category.
income of the population in 2012 (adjusted
A problematic area is tracking down the
vulnerable people. Currently, there does not
exist a well-structured computerized sys-
Letter No. 01-12/9 of 13/02/2012, the opinion of
62
tem in the Departments/divisions of Social
the Center for Human Rights on the Law on mini-
mum subsistence level, www.ombudsman.md.
ht t p : / / w w w. s t at i s t i c a . m d / n e ws v i e w.
63 The Consumer Price Index is a measure tool
66
php?l=ro&idc=168&id=3933; which characterizes and provides an estimation

of the evolution of the total price of the bought
64
goods and used services by the population to
65
meet the needs in a given period.
325
Assistance and Family Protection, which cre- bour, Social Protection and Family, 110,000
ates inconveniences in the cases when sta- families received financial support in 2012,
tistical data on the number of beneficiaries compared to 133,133 in 2011, the amount of
or the category of people who enjoy the which was established in the sum of 200 lei
right to a social benefit is requested. starting with November 1, 201268.
In 2008, the Government of the Republic The Centre for Human Rights conducted
of Moldova approved Decision No. 1356 on an assessment on ensuring decent living
the institution of an Information System So- for the families in difficulty through provi-
cial Assistance. Its operation demonstrated sion of social assistance benefits. Working
that the registration system is inefficient and meetings on the site were organized for this
needs to be urgently improved. aim69, during which issues related to the im-
Difficulties in obtaining statistical data plementation of the Law on social assistance
on the number of a certain category of peo- were discussed. From the discussions with
ple are caused by the fact that one and the both the social assistants and the citizens,
same person can be the recipient of more some imperfections of the given law were
types of social benefits. From another point identified. Thus, in spite of the provisions of
of view, the registration of social assistance the Law, some potential beneficiaries can-
beneficiaries is based on the applications not receive the benefits they deserve. For
submitted by them. Given that not all vul- example, homeless people70 and those who
nerable people solicit the needed social as- do not hold identity cards71 (they have no
sistance, the data of the registration system money to have them done) do not qualify
does not reflect the real situation. for social assistance benefits.
Taking into consideration the basic
Reforms in the system of social assis- objective of social reforms in the social
tance and insurance assistance system, which is to target the
In 2012, the Government of the Repub- social aid to the most vulnerable groups of
lic of Moldova focused its attention on the population, and the circumstances men-
issue of de-institutionalization and social in- tioned above, the mechanism of selecting
clusion of vulnerable people. the beneficiaries evidently needs to be im-
proved.
The ombudsmen encourage and sup-
port the idea of improving the regulatory There have been documented cases
framework to streamline and reform the so- when the beneficiary family uses this aid to
cial assistance system, advocating for more purchase alcoholic beverages and to enter-
efficient use of financial resources in the so- tain at the expense of the needs of the fam-
cial assistance system. ily/children.
As consequence of annulment of the We consider opportune to set up an ef-
Law on special social protection for some ficient mechanism of cooperation between
categories of people67 (01/07/2012), the aid
for the cold period of the year is granted on 68
Government Decision No. 806 of 31/10/2012 on
the criteria provided by Law on social assis- the modification and completion of Government
tance No. 133 of 13/06/2008. This aroused Decision No. 1167 of 16/10/2008
the dissatisfaction of the people receiving 69
Working meeting in Cahul, September 28, 2012
nominal compensations, as a great part and in the city Balti, October 5, 2012, www.om-
budsman.md
of them lost the right to special social as-
sistance from the state. According to the
70
Law No. 133 of 13/06/2008 on social assistance,
Article 4
information provided by the Ministry of La- 71
Regulations on setting and payment of social
benefits, approved by Government Decision No.
Law No. 933 of 14.04.2000 on special social pro-
67
1167 of 16/10/2008, p.8 provides the applicant
tection for some categories of people annulled annexes to the application the identity cards of
by Law No. 160 of 05.07.2012 all family members, and .. ..
326
CHAPTER I

Information on the aid offered to disadvantaged families in the 1st quarter of 2012
Contested
Rayon Applicants Beneficiaries Rejected Minimum amount Maximum amount decisions
AneniiNoi 669 409 260 2 lei/1 family 2747 lei/ 1 family 0
Basarabeasca 386 268 118 < 25 lei /3 families < 25 lei/7 families 0
Briceni 1147 798 349 0
Cahul 1743 1022 721 0
Clrai 1299 981 318 1 leu/1 family 3493/1 family 0
Cueni 490 241 249 < 25 lei /1 family 3200 lei/family 0
Cantemir 1078 623 455 7 lei/1 family 2997 lei/1 family 0
Cimilia
Criuleni 715 504 211 1 leu/1 family 2895 lei/1 family
Dondueni 4290 3921 369 0
Drochia 1080 688 412 0
Edine 15321 14684 673 3 lei/1 family 3100 lei/ 1 family
Floreti 1545 1240 294 < 25 lei /21famuly < 25 lei/ 67 family 0
Glodeni 16912 14262 2650 1 leu/1 family 4077 lei/family 0
Hnceti 2180 1663 517 0
Ialoveni 1028 533 173 3 lei/3families 2506 lei/1 family 0
Leova 684 477 207 0
Nisporeni 1612 1148 463 <25 lei/13 families 3222lei/1family 0
Ocnia 1816 1265 549 2 lei/1 family 2939 lei/1 family 0
Orhei 3496 2811 685 < 25 lei/11 family 3704 lei/1 family 0
Rezina 1039 736 303 9 lei/1 family 2868 lei/1 family 0
Sngerei 2581 955 0
oldneti 1440 1191 249 1-10 lei/ 3 families 2000-3000/30families 0
Soroca 1768 1184 584 2 lei/1 family 2589lei/1family 0
tefan-Vod 1640 906 734 1-25 lei/ 6 families 2768 lei/1person 0
Taraclia 238 161 77 11 lei/1 family 3416lei/1fam 0
Ungheni 2990 2497 340 <25/ 9 families 2872 lei/2 family 0
Dubsari 339 221 118 0
Bli 371 242 242 2 lei/1family 2947/1fam 0
Comrat 591 342 248 1 leu/2 families 3518 lei/1 family 0
Chiinu 2751 1729 1022 3 lei/2 families 2966 lei/1 family 1
Teleneti 2287 1235 638 0
Total 75 526 58 937 14 228
Source: rayon departments/divisions on social assistance and family protection, except the
region on the left bank of the Dniester.
Note: Cimilia rayon did not submit the requested information.
327
Divisions/Departments on Social Assistance penitentiary where such persons are held.

and Protection of the population with the Consequently, based on the laws in force,
National Employment Agency and the Na- the period of employment of convicts can-
tional House of Social Insurance in order to not be included in the contribution period, a
verify the authenticity of the information condition necessary to establish old-age or
provided by the applicant in the application. disability pension, etc.
We also consider that it is unlikely to im- The ombudsman considers that this vio-
prove the situation of the families in need lates the convicts right to social security, a
when the amount of social aid is of 7 lei, 3 lei right enshrined in the Constitution guaran-
or even 1 leu. teed to all citizens of the Republic of Mol-
A special case is the issue on determin- dova.
ing the score based on which the familys According to the information of
income is estimated. The Regulations on 1.01.2012 provided by the Department of
setting and payment of the social benefits72 Penitentiary Institutions, out of the total
provides the List of characteristics and re- number of prisoners (6,476 people), 378
lated scoring for assessment of the family were employed for remuneration, which
welfare, which contains the essentials. Many constitutes about 3.83 %. If in 2011, 378
families in need cannot benefit of state sup- people were employed, then in the 1st quar-
port because they possess certain goods, re- ter of 2012 473 people, which shows that
gardless of their value and wear, which, ac- the number of people employed for a pay is
cording to the Regulations are evidence of increasing. The average monthly salary for
prosperous material situation. Thus, the cat- 2011 was of 1,291.53 lei, and in the 1st quar-
egory of objects that demonstrate the wel- ter of 2012 of 1,228.27 lei.
fare of the individual and serve as ground to According to the same source, the share
deny social aid are: bicycle, black and white of social security contributions and compul-
TV, fridge, washing machine, mobile phone. sory medical insurance transferred by natu-
These are vital essentials for any person. In ral and legal persons, who use the labour of
this context, the ombudsmen support the the convicts constitutes 0.6 % of the total
proposal of the Ministry of Labour, Social budget of the penitentiary.
Protection and Family to improve the given
Therefore, the ombudsmen are of the
Regulations, especially the List of character-
opinion that in the case when the state so-
istics and related scoring for assessment of
cial insurance contributions will be paid into
the family welfare.
the State Social Insurance Budget, the bud-
The right to social security73 is an integral get of the penitentiary institutions will not
part of the social protection system, consist- have to significantly suffer.
ing of grating social security benefits in the
In defence of human rights and fun-
occurrence of insured risks to people who
damental freedoms, the ombudsman pro-
contributed to the State Social Insurance
posed to the Parliament to examine the
Budget (SSIB).
This right is, however, restricted to the
persons serving their sentences in prisons. G.R. contributed to the social
Despite the fact that the incomes of the insurance budget in Moldova.
employed prisoners are subject to taxes, Having settled down in Slovenia,
these are not transferred to SSIB, but to the the payment of the pension in the
Republic of Moldova was ceased
on the ground of article 36 of Law
72
Annex No. 5 of the Regulations on setting and No. 156 of 14.10.1998. In Slove-
payment of social benefits, approved by Govern- nia, he is not granted a pension
ment decision No. 1167 of 16/10/2008. because he did not contribute to
73
Constitution of the Republic of Moldova, Article the budget.
47, paragraph 2;
328
CHAPTER I

opportunity to amend the legislation for Due to massive emigration of the popu-
the revision of the existing situation in this lation, there are situations when, though
respect. having contributed to the State Social In-
Some appeals to the Centre for Human surance Budget of the Republic of Moldova,
Rights raise the issues of providing pensions people remain outside the social protection
to people who have settled abroad. system. This is due to the fact that there are
no signed agreements of cooperation on so-
The basic conditions for being entitled to
cial security with the states where the Mol-
pension, under Law No. 156 of 14/10/1998
dovans work and then settle down.
are: reaching the pension age (57 for wom-
en, 62 for men), the contribution period The ombudsman recommends to rele-
of 30 years or a minimum of 15 years, and vant institutions to initiate negotiations with
residence on the territory of the Republic of the states, where the citizens of the Republic
Moldova. Accordingly, the citizens entitle- of Moldova work, in order to sign new agree-
ment to pension is in direct dependence ments of cooperation on social protection of
on the character of the socially useful work Moldovans.
performed74.
74
Decision of the Constitutional Court No. 4 of
27/01/2000 on the check-up of the constitutio-
nality of some provisions of the laws on entitle-
ment to pension of judges, prosecutors, investi-
gators and civil servants, section.3.
9. Protection of persons with disabilities
In recent years, the Republic of Moldova tion of the social security system reform on-
has made some progress in promoting poli- going in the Republic of Moldova.
cies and developing programs tailored to In this context, we mention the adop-
European and international standards re- tion of the Law on Social Inclusion of Per-
lated to the persons with disabilities. sons with Disabilities76, which sets a general
In 2012, the Republic of Moldova cel- framework of guarantees and social services
ebrated the second anniversary from the in accordance with the international stan-
ratification of the UN Convention on the dards on the social inclusion of such persons.
Rights of Persons with Disabilities (signed in In general lines, the mentioned law ensures
New-York on March 30, 2007),75 demonstrat- equal rights of the persons with disabilities,
ing by this political will to adjust the national along with those of other citizens, to social
legislation and practices to the Convention. security, medical assistance, rehabilitation,
With the ratification of the Convention, the education, employment, public life, physical
Republic of Moldova has committed to ob- environment, transport, technology and in-
serve and implement the principles of the formation and communication systems, and
document, ensuring that the new draft laws other utilities and services accessible to the
and regulations comply with its provisions. public at large. The approval of this Law is
The UN Convention on the Rights of Per- the first step of the implementation of the
sons with Disabilities serves as a reference Strategy on Social Inclusion of persons with
framework for the successful implementa-
75
Law No. 166 of 09/07/2010 on the ratifica- Law No. 60 of 30/03/2012 on Social Inclusi-
76
tion of UN Convention on the rights of per- on of Persons with Disabilities, in force since
sons with disabilities 27/07/2012
329
disabilities77. The following steps involve ad- limited access to information; tolerance of
justing the regulatory framework in this field the society towards the problems of the per-
to the standards of the new law to ensure its sons with disabilities.
implementation. We also consider extreme- According to the provisions of Article 31
ly important that the competent authorities of UN Convention on the Rights of the Per-
pool their efforts to set up viable mecha- sons with Disabilities79, the State undertook
nisms that would allow full realization of the to collect appropriate information, includ-
commitments of the Republic of Moldova ing statistical and research data, in order to
related to ensuring compliance with inter- be to enable to formulate and implement
national standards on the rights of persons policies meant to give effect to the men-
with disabilities. tioned Convention.
Also, given the status of the Centre for It is important to realize that adequate
Human Rights as national institution for the and realistic statistical evidence may facili-
promotion and protection of human rights tate the examination of the various prob-
in accordance with the Paris Principles, the lems that the persons with disabilities are
ombudsmen consider appropriate to assign confronted with and respectively, the devel-
as an independent mechanism to promote, opment and implementation of social pro-
protect and monitor the implementation of grammes for their rehabilitation and social
UN Convention on Human Rights of Persons inclusion. On this basis, the ombudsmen
with Disabilities78 namely this Institution. By recommend to the competent authorities
virtue of its powers the CHR has experience to combine forces and create an information
in working with different NGOs, which pro- system and adjust it to international stan-
mote the rights of persons with disabilities dards of the methodology of collecting and
and which, by the way, should be involved disaggregating statistical data on persons
and fully participate in the monitoring pro- with disabilities.
cess.
Currently, many public institutions are
Meanwhile, the persons with disabilities responsible for the recording, collecting and
have to overcome many difficulties so as to processing of data on persons with disabili-
participate as equal members of society in ties. The National Social Insurance House
the public, political, social, economic and and its territorial structures keep track of the
cultural life. In the reporting period, solu- people with disabilities, recipients of social
tions for the issues raised by the persons security benefits. The local public adminis-
with disabilities have not been found: social tration authorities, through their territorial
benefits under the subsistence level; low structures of social assistance, keep track of
level of employment; limited access of per- the persons with disabilities beneficiaries
sons with disabilities to social infrastructure; of social services. In the process of develop-
ment and adjustment of the policies for per-
77
Law on the approval of the Strategy on Social In- sons with disabilities, the Ministry of Labour,
clusion of Persons with Disabilities (20102013) Social Protection and Family use the data
No. 169 of 09/07/2010 provided by the National Social Insurance
78
UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Di- House, of the local public administration
sabilities, Article 33, paragraph 2. authorities and of the National Bureau of
States Parties shall, in accordance with their le- Statistics, as appropriate, and other central
gal and administrative systems, maintain, stren-
gthen, designate or establish within the State public administration bodies and service
Party, a framework, including one or more inde- providers.
pendent mechanisms, as appropriate, to promo- According to the information published
te, protect and monitor the implementation of by the Ministry of Labour, Social Protection
the present Convention. When designating or es-
tablishing such a mechanism, States Parties shall and Family, the total number of persons with
take into account the principles relating to the
status and functioning of national institutions for UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Di-
79
protection and promotion of human rights. sabilities, Article 31, Statistics and data collection
330
CHAPTER I

disabilities was of 179,81580, among whom The Ministry of Health81 issued on
14,034 were children, as of January 1, 2012. 22.12.2010 Disposition No. 611-d On the
The data provided by the rayon Depart- organization of medical assistance access,
ments/ Divisions of Social Assistance and which provides for the assessment, creation
Family Protection at the request of the om- and completion of all informative boards
budsman, reveals the fact that out of the within the public medical-sanitary institu-
total number of registered persons with dis- tions, as well as the adaption of the institu-
abilities 62 % are adults with multiple types tions to the needs of persons with disabili-
of disabilities and 15 % are adults with psy- ties so to ensure unrestricted access of all
chic and mental deficiencies. persons to the medical institutions.
Regretfully, there is no real statistical
data on the number of persons with disabili- A wheelchair depended person,
ties in the Republic of Moldova. Thus, the inhabitant of Calarasi rayon com-
ombudsman institution identified several plained in a verbal address that
circumstances that influence the accumula- he cannon benefit of the services
tion of real statistics, and namely: of the Calarasi Department on So-
The public authority keeps track cial Assistance and Family protec-
only of the persons with disabili- tion because it is located on the 2nd
ties that appeal to the institution, floor of the building, which is not
depending on the jurisdiction con- adapted to the needs of the per-
ferred to it by law;
sons with locomotion disabilities.
Poor collaboration between the
public medical institutions and so-
In the process of applying capital invest-
cial security institutions;
ments for the construction and reconstruc-
The existence of persons, who be-
tion of medical institutions, it is obligatorily
cause of the specifics of their dis-
required their adaption, including of the
ability, do not appeal to a public
access ways specified in the design docu-
authority, such as those with severe
mentation. Currently, 35 medical centres in
mental disabilities.
rural areas are under construction in which
access ways for the people with disabilities
Access to social infrastructure are designed and are being built. The project
is financed by the World Bank.
The issue of access to social infrastruc-
ture for the persons with disabilities contin- It is welcomed the fact that one of the
ues to persist. In this context, it is imperative mandatory criteria, included in the Stan-
that the responsible authorities identify and dards for the evaluation and accreditation
remove the barriers that prevent people of the public and private medical-sanitary
with special needs to have access to the so- institutions, is the access of persons with dis-
cial infrastructure, as provided in Article 9 abilities to the medical institution, which re-
of the Convention on the Rights of Persons quires the institutions to adapt to the needs
with Disabilities, a fact that will directly con- of people with disabilities.
tribute to ensure independent and partici- The Ministry of Labour, Social Protection
pative life to persons with disabilities. and Family82 communicated that the major-
Although the central public authorities ity of its subordinated institutions (21) are
report on the measures taken to adapt the adapted to the needs of people with loco-
environment to the needs of people with motion disabilities. Limited access for the
disabilities, essential improvement in this people with locomotion disabilities exists
respect was not attested in 2012. in institutions operating in leased premises,
http://www.mmpsf.gov.md/file/rapoarte/ra-
80
81
Letter No. 01-9/733 of 30.03.2012
port_dizabilitati.pdf; 82
Letter No. 01-550 of 27.02.20.12
331
because, under the terms of the leased con- Meanwhile, within the investigations on
tract, it is impossible to directly influence on the site with the involvement of a person
the solution of the given problem. with disabilities, the employees of the Cen-
From the information submitted to the tre for Human Rights found the contrary. In
ombudsman by the Ministry of Transport reality, the access of persons, depended on
and Road Infrastructure83 results that all the the wheelchair, is difficult at bus stations,
branches of the State enterprise Auto Sta- and in some places even impossible (such as
tions and Stops are provided with sidewalks access to the public WC). At several bus sta-
and climbing and descending inclinations. tions, like the one in Vulcanesti, the adjust-
Opportunities for unimpeded movement ment is formal because it can hardly be used
on the territory of the auto stations, with even with the help of a third person.
free access to the administrative buildings, From the information84 submitted by the
booking offices, left-luggage rooms, WCs, Ministry of Culture, it results that the institu-
arrival-departure platforms, were created. tions under its subordination are adjusted to
the needs of people with disabilities. From
this point of view, the National Library and
the National Library for Children Ion Crean-
ga, which are provided with access ways for
people with disabilities, can be mentioned.
Remote access is also possible through the
Library Web page: to the electronic cata-
logue, the local data bases, the publications
of the Library, and various information about
encyclopaedias, dictionaries, etc. The digiti-
zation of the patrimonial documents from
the collections of the National Library and
the creation of the National Digital Library
Chiinu city: entrance to the North bus station Moldavica (www.moldavica.md ), which
at present contains 2,700 digital objects, is
continuing.
Five museums, all being supplied with
access ways for people with disabilities op-
erate under the subordination of the Minis-
try of Culture. For the exhibitions placed on
the 1st floor, the installation of elevators is
problematic both from the financial point of
view, and because of the interior architec-
ture of the buildings. Theatres and concert
halls are provided with access ways for peo-
ple with disabilities.
In reality, the people with disabilities
are confronted with difficulties of access
that is because the installed ramps are actu-
ally impracticable. The ramp at the National
Library, for example, cannot be used be-
cause a person with disabilities is not able
to move on it even with the help of another
Public WC at the South bus station person. The same situation is observed at
Letter No. 02/2-526 of 07.03.2012

83
Letter No. 07-09/443 of 28.02.2012
84
332
CHAPTER I

National Museum of Archaeology and History of Moldova
the National Museum of Archaeology and to the National Agency for Employment87,
History. Moreover, the people with dis- 494 persons with disabilities were registered
abilities, who visit the National Museum of as unemployed, of whom 102 were em-
Archaeology and History, have no chance to ployed in 2012. 29 people with disabilities
see the exhibitions opened on the 2nd floor participated in training courses, 20 of whom
because there are no access ways to this cat- were employed. The ombudsmen support
egory of citizens. the measures taken by the Agency, in par-
The Centre for Human Rights from Mol- ticular in hiring 43 professionals, who will fo-
dova carried out an analysis on the access cus on employment services for people from
of people with disabilities to the social infra- vulnerable social groups, including those
structure, presented in the thematic report with disabilities.
Access of persons with special needs to the The ombudsmen urge the competent
social infrastructure: reality and necessity85. authorities to pursue their efforts to pro-
In 2012, the Ombudsman Institution made mote the professional integration of persons
another report on the topic Access to edu- with disabilities. Their full integration into
cation of youth and children with locomo- society will be possible, including by open-
tion disabilities86. Regrettably, the situation ing la labour market for this target group,
has not essentially changed. providing professionals to guide them and
by creating jobs tailored to their needs.
Access to labour market
Increasing employability for the per-
In 2012, there has been some progress
sons with disabilities should be a priority
in terms of integrating persons with disabili-
in state policies. Reasonable adaption must
ties into the labour market, but still there are
be made by taking into account the needs
many problems in this field. Thus, according
of the persons with disabilities and those of
85
86
http://www.ombudsman.md/md/tematice/; Letter No.1-45 of 25.01.2013
87
333
the employers, so as to create equal oppor- the Government in the Resolution of the
tunities on the labour market. Round Table The Right to Employment of
Bearing in mind, the Convention on the Persons with Disabilities in the Republic of
Rights of Persons with Disabilities with re- Moldova91.
gard to the consultation and involvement of
persons with disabilities in the development The ombudsman was informed
and implementation of national legislation by the administration of the spe-
and policies related to individuals with dis- cialized enterprise Sadacus S.A.
abilities, we consider relevant the sugges-
(the Association of the Deaf from
Moldova) on refusal to include it
tions received from disabled persons, from
in the list of organizations eligible
the organizations working in the field of pro- for exemption from VAT under the
tecting disabled persons, which are directly Government Decision No. 929 of
confronted with such problems. 08.10.2010 on the grounds of fail-
In this context, the leaders of NGOs, ure to observe the criteria set out in
concerned with the rights of people with Section 4, paragraph 5 of the given
disabilities, criticised the amendments88 to Regulations.
the Regulation setting VAT exemptions on
the import of raw material, supplementary In this connection, the ombudsmen
items and accessories necessary for own recommend that authorities include and
production by organizations and enter- consult persons with disabilities when de-
prises belonging to the Association of the veloping and implementing legislations and
Blind, Association of the Deaf, and the As- policies on the application of the Conven-
sociation of the Disabled. Although based tion and in other decision-making processes
on good intention, according to the lead- on issues related to persons with disabilities.
ers of the mentioned organizations, the Offering benefits92 to specialized busi-
amendments89 made to the mentioned nesses, in the ombudsmens opinion, is an
Regulations will lead to the worsening of effective measure for the placement of dis-
the situation for the persons with disabili- abled persons on the labour market. Howev-
ties. Tightening the requirements90 in order er, the ombudsmen think that that inclusion
to benefit of VAT exemptions will lead to the of persons with disabilities in employment
bankruptcy of these businesses. The sug- will not be effective without expanding the
gestions and proposals in this respect made government benefits to ordinary businesses
by the leaders of NGOs, dealing with the employing persons with special needs.
protection of rights of disabled people, and The ombudsmen were informed both by
those of the ombudsmen were submitted to persons, who are confronted with issues of
being provided with technical aids, and by
88
Government decision No. 28 of 13/01/2012 on
specialists working in this area about some
the modification and completion of the Regula-
tions on VAT exemptions on the import of raw imperfections of the Regulations on provid-
materials , supplementary items, accessories ne- ing some categories of citizens with techni-
cessary in own production by the organizations cal aids, approved by Government decision
and enterprises of the Association of the Blind, No. 567 of 26.07.2011.
Association of Deaf and Association of Disabled.
The major issues raised, with the approv-
89
Government decision N0. 28 of 13/01/2012 on
the modification and completion of the Regula- al of the mentioned Regulations, are related
tions on VAT exemptions on the import of raw to the integral payment of the cost of techni-
materials , supplementary items, accessories ne- cal aids, including orthopaedic footwear for
cessary in own production by the organizations children not included in the disability pro-
and enterprises of the Association of the Blind,
Association of Deaf and Association of Disabled.
90
According to section 4, paragraph 5) the average www.ombudsman.md
91
monthly salary paid to employees with disabiliti- Article 36 of the Law on social inclusion of per-
92
es is 2/3 of the average wage. sons with disabilities No. 60 of 30.03.2012
334
CHAPTER I

gramme, as well as the manner of payment Thus, these regulations, in the opinion
of the expenses for the transportation of the of the ombudsmen and of the doctors, does
beneficiaries to the Republican Experimen- not prevent the appearance of disability, but
tal Centre for Prosthetics, Orthopaedics and on the contrary, favours some types of dis-
Rehabilitation (CREPOR). ability. Moreover, these reforms do not meet
The Regulations sets out the categories the requirements of the Convention on the
of persons who receive free insurance, par- Rights of Persons with Disabilities in refer-
tial discount in the procurement of techni- ence to early diagnosis and intervention in
cal aids, including complex orthopaedic, case of need and offering services in order
special and on prostheses footwear. Ac- to minimize and prevent the appearance
cording to the provisions of section 4 of of disability, including children and elderly
the Regulations, besides the specified cat- people.
egories, disabled children under the age of
1893 can benefit of technical aids, including In the appeal to CHR, citizen E.M
orthopaedic footwear free of charge. Re- mentions: I am disabled of 1st degree
spectively, the children who need complex since childhood and twice a year I have
orthopaedic footwear, but are not assigned to travel to Chisinau to the Prosthetics
a disability degree, cannot enjoy benefits in Centre to order footwear and then to
purchasing them. be taken the measures. As I cannot get
Thus, because of limited financial possi- on public transport, I need a vehicle to
bilities, many parents refuse to buy special get to Chisinau. At the end of May I re-
orthopaedic footwear to rehabilitate and ceived an invitation from the Prosthet-
stop the disease, in the case of children who ics Centre. I went to the Town Hall, and
are not assigned a disability degree. The spe- then I appealed to the social worker,
cialists in the field of orthopaedics are con- who told that they cannot do anything
cerned about the fact that these children for me
might be assigned a disability degree in the
nearest future, because of lack of appropri- Based on the complaints received by
ate orthopaedic footwear. According to the the Centre for Human Rights, CREPOR ben-
specialists untimely provision of children eficiaries encounter serious difficulties when
suffering of musculoskeletal diseases and it is necessary for them to go to be tak-
disorders with technical aids, including or- en the measures and later to get the re-
thopaedic footwear will lead, in a period of quested technical aids. This is due to the
several years, to worsening their locomotion fact that there is no set mechanism of co-
disability and increase the number of dis- working of the medical-technical teams, of
abled children. departments/divisions on social assis-
tance and family protection, as well as, of
According to the information pro- the manner of payment of expenses on
vided by CREPOR, the actual aver- the transportation of the beneficiaries
age price of orthopaedic footwear to CREPOR.
for adults is of 1575 lei, and for chil- Although the described case was solved
dren - from 1561 lei to 1639 lei. In at the intervention of the ombudsman, the
the period September 2011 - June situation remains uncertain in many other
2012, 611 applicants were denied similar cases. It is necessary to take into ac-
the purchase of specific footwear count the fact that the beneficiaries of CREP-
(children). OR services are persons with disabilities, and
the amount of benefits granted to these cat-
Regulations on the manner of providing some
93 egories of people is too small and does not
categories of citizens with additional technical cover the subsistence minimum. In addition,
aids, approved by Government Decision No. 567 it should be stressed that in some cases the
of 26.07.2011
335
Average national legal framework, and has carried

Number of
Categories of amount out national reforms and programmes on
beneficiaries
beneficiaries of benefit mental health, people with mental disabili-
(persons)
(lei) ties continue to face humiliation, isolation
Disability pensions 133 645 779-91 and discrimination based on their disability,
State social which are often exacerbated by stereotypes

allocations and prejudices. According to ombudsmen,
for elderly 4027 102-95 the state has not done enough to improve
for disabled 5732 105-63 the lives of these people, but also to adjust
the laws, the policies and practices to the
for disabled since
childhood
26 743 290-48 requirements of international standards.
for disabled These conclusions are based on the infor-
children under the 14753 297-35 mation gathered by the Centre for Human
age of 18 Rights during the monitoring visits in psy-
for loss of chiatric hospitals and psycho-neurological
3961 134-08
breadwinner homes from the country.
The amount of The results of the monitoring show that

minimum pension:
there are many problems related to the
- disability of 1st
degree
- 499-80 full achievement of human rights by these
- disability of 2nd groups of people: insignificant progress in
- 482-64 applying the Convention of the Rights of
degree
- disability of 3rd Persons with Disabilities at national level,
- 339-85
degree underdevelopment of community support
Source: National Social Insurance House as of programmes for persons with mental dis-
January 1, 2013 ability. The analysis of the observance of hu-
man rights in mental health institutions is
beneficiaries need to be accompanied by a contained in the Study on the observance
third person. For these reasons, we recom- of human rights in mental health institu-
mend an assessment to determine the pos- tions in the Republic of Moldova94. Given
sibility of paying for the travel expenses of the complexity of the study and the many
the CREPOR beneficiaries. The regulation of issues that need to be addressed, its com-
the manner of the co-work of the medical- pletion, including the ombudsmens recom-
technical team within CREPOR and of the mendations will be done next year.
intervention on behalf of Departments/Di-
The ombudsmen reiterate the need to
visions on Social Assistance and Family Pro-
adjust the national legislation to the interna-
tection is also required.
tional regulations, to ensure de-institution-
The social benefits granted to persons
alization, and to urge the public authorities
assigned a degree of disability continues to to make significant efforts to build an inclu-
be extremely small in relation with the vital sive society that will create prerequisites for
needs. the rehabilitation, integration and participa-
Although the Republic of Moldova action of disabled people in community life.
knowledges the international standards,
which have become component part of the 94
www.ombudsman.md/reports/thematic reports
336
CHAPTER I

10. The right to a healthy environment
Recognition and constitutional guaran- Regretfully, the population of the Re-
tee95 of the right to a healthy environment public of Moldova displays a simplistic ap-
enhances the obligation of public authori- proach of the environment pollution issue.
ties to protect the environment, offers to The situation is ultimately due to the fact
courts new means for ecological compensa- that Moldova lacks educational strategies in
tion and punishments for the environmental the field of ecology, the prevailing of a con-
damages, allows for a better harmonization sumers attitude, and these sad realities can
between different levels of recognition and have serious consequences for the environ-
guarantee of the fundamental right to envi- ment. Therefore, a radical change of mental-
ronment in order to achieve a necessary cor- ity is required in our society, a general mo-
relation between the national legislation, on bilization of all citizens to ensure a healthy
the one side, and international regulations, environment, starting from an early age.
on the other side. A first and very important step in this
Environmental protection has become a direction is correct ecological education of
necessity for the contemporary society, an the young generations. Along with various
opportunity of world character. Concerns major social campaigns, besides personal
about maintaining a healthy environment and social resonance examples of involve-
aimed at improving human living condi- ment and attitude, systematic education of
tions, maintaining the ecological balance the youth is necessary through programmes
of ecosystems, of which the human being is developed by specialists for a school subject
an integral part. The existence of a healthy - ecology.
environment is a prerequisite for achieving In this context, the ombudsman pro-
basic human rights: the right to physical posed to the Ministry of Education to intro-
and moral health and the right to life. This duce in the school curriculum the discipline
involves maintenance of the quality of the Ecology.
main components of environment air, wa-
We support the idea that the childs at-
ter, soil, flora and fauna in terms of sustain-
titude towards nature is formed on the
able development.
basis of the theoretical knowledge he pos-
Environment protection can be fully real- sesses and his practical activity in relation
ized only through the combination of legal, to the environment. Thus, there is need for
administrative and educational measures. the establishment and development of the
Changing peoples mentality is not easy, ecological culture of the contemporary man,
but without education in this sense, any understood as a set of information capable
action for the protection of environment is of identifying beliefs and constructive and
doomed to failure. It should be noted that responsible attitudes for the protection,
environmental education is central in the preservation and improvement of the envi-
policies of European states that Moldova ronment.
aspires to.
This absolute opportunity, of particular
The existing global ecological imbal- social resonance, should certainly be found
ance raises concerns and motivates the in- in the Sector Strategy on Education Devel-
creased demands on ecological education. opment for the years 2012 - 2020, drafted
The health of the planet depends on every by the Ministry of Education, which will be
citizens attitude to the ecosystem he inter- the main policy document on education. In
acts with. Therefore, ecological education this context, it is necessary to establish the
should become a permanent concern of all ecological modernization of education as
teachers. an overall objective of this strategy. The om-
budsmen support the proposals of the Eco-
95
Article 37 of the Constitution of the Republic of logical Movement from Moldova, which are
Moldova, the right to a healthy environment resumed to the ecologization at all levels of
337
the education system and state institutions. cally accessible and affordable water for per-
Certainly, these proposals are dictated by sonal and domestic uses, paying particular
time and are part of the fundamental right attention to the most disadvantaged and
to a healthy environment. marginalized individuals and groups, includ-
The ombudsmen also consider impor- ing Roma. The Committee requests the State
tant the development and putting into ac- party to include disaggregated data, by re-
tion of a mechanism for public information gion, on progress made in this regard in its
under the provisions of Aarhus Conven- next periodic report.
tion96, which stipulates that the way in which The Water Law99 was adopted on De-
public authorities make environmental in- cember 23, 2011 and will be in force on Oc-
formation available to the public should be tober 10, 2012. It is therefore necessary to
transparent and that environmental infor- adopt normative acts that would implement
mation is effectively accessible. this law. Meanwhile, water shortages in rural
areas, not to mention its quality, especially
The right to water
in 2012, which was a dry year, significantly
Water is an important factor in the eco- affected the water sources100.
logical balance and its pollution is an ongo- On the other hand, the limited access to
ing problem with serious consequences for drinking water supply systems and sewer-
the health of the population. In this context, age, as a consequence, lead to groundwater
we argue that providing the population pollution. Relevant to the environment situ-
with quality water is vital and should be a ation are the mediatized cases101 regarding
national priority. The issue of the quality of water delivery with warms to the population
water, consumed by the population, was of the town Nisporeni, as well the environ-
mentioned in the speeches of the experts, mental pollution in the village Calfa, Anenii-
participants in the international conference Noi district, as consequence of the opera-
Challenges in the water and sewerage section of some poultry farms and of the loca-
tor in the Republic of Moldova97 and high- tion of an unauthorized waste dump. At the
lighted by international forums. request of the ombudsman, the Ministry of
In particular, the Committee on the Environment and the Public Health Centre
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights98 ex- from Nisporeni conducted appropriate in-
pressed concern that only half of the popu- vestigations and ordered the environmen-
lation has access to drinking water and sew- tal audit of the operation of the economic
age systems, with levels in rural areas at only agent, which could be the source of pollu-
26.7 per cent, and that the water quality of tion. Respectively, measures were taken to
local sources is very low and deteriorating, improve the environmental situation in the
as mentioned in the periodic report (art.11). given communities, including the sanction-
The Committee recommends that the State ing of the economic agent. However, the is-
party urgently adopt the draft Water Law, sues remain unresolved per ensemble. The
and take all necessary urgent measures to ombudsman urges the authorities respon-
ensure sufficient, safe, acceptable and physi- sible for the environment and public health
to strengthen their efforts and accomplish
96
Convention of 25/06/1998 on Access to Infor- reasonable and appropriate measures able
mation, Public Participation in Decision-Making of protecting human life and health.
and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters,
Article 5. Collection and Dissemination of Envi-
ronmental Information
97
Chisinau, November 6, 2012, the Conference was
99
Law No. 272 of 23/12/1011, Official Monitor
organized within the project Technical Assistan- No.81/264 of 26/04/2012
ce for the Implementation of Water Public Sector 100
Policies and funded by the European Union apei-potabile-spre-comuna-manoilesti-lung-si-
98
Geneva, May 4-5, 2011, session 46th of the Com- anevoios/
mittee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, 101
Prime.tv, Publika.md, 27.08.2012, www.ombuds-
section21 man.md
338
CHAPTER I

Approved tariff for Approved tariff for
drinking water supply, sewerage services, lei/ Decision
Community lei/m3 m3
Household Economic Household Economic

consumers agents consumers agents
No. 8/11 of
Chiinu 8.98 12.70 3.31 10.26
15.09.2009
No.8 of
Vulcneti 14.00 37.00 14.00 35.00
27.09.2011
No.5/3(41/3) of
Cahul 6.00-12.00 27.97 3.00-4.00 6.00
31.03.2010
Anenii Noi, v. No.06/9-2 of
14.65 37.00 3.00 7.00
Maximovca 06.12.2012
No.4.2.2 of
Orhei 14.85 25.20 5.20 31.50
08.04.2011
No.18/2 of
Comrat 12.50 37.00 12.50 37.00
29.12.2011
No.6/48 of
Bli 11.08 23.64 3.90 17.01
27.10.2011
Another serious issue, in our opinion, Affordable means that the price for
would be the discrepancy between the es- water and sewerage services must be of the
tablished tariffs for water supply and sewer- level that does not compromise the abil-
age services in different communities, which ity of payment for other guaranteed basic
are currently approved by the local authori- needs such as food, housing and health care.
ties.
The overall picture shows higher rates in Based on a petition submitted to
the regions than in big cities, while the sta- the CHR, the Territorial Office of the
tistics show that the available income (sala- State Chancellery from Causeni was
ry) is smaller in the regions. For example, the notified on the legality of a decision
average salary in Chisinau was of 4,172.8 lei
made by the local authorities on the
compared to 2,775.4 lei in Anenii-Noi rayon.
approval of water supply and sewer-
So, access to such services is reduced in the
age charges. Following the inspec-
regions.
tion, the Territorial Office notified
The ombudsmen recommend the Gov- the local authority to repeal those
ernment to assess the situation in order to decisions and approve new tariffs
find solutions so as to ensure social justice to corresponding to the methodology
citizens. Eventually, it would be appropriate
of the National Agency for Energy
to examine setting tariffs for water supply
Regulation (ANRE).
by a central authority. It is imperative that
authorities take into account the UN recom-
mendations with regard to the human right However, in the current conditions of
to water: the human right to water entitles setting tariffs by local authorities, the om-
everyone to sufficient, safe, acceptable, physi- budsmen recommend to territorial offices
cally accessible and affordable water for per- of the State Chancellery to conduct a more
sonal and domestic uses102. rigorous control on the respective local deci-
sions, meaning compliance to the Method-
General Comment No. 15 of ICESCR , 2002
102 ology of setting, approving and of applying
339
tariffs for public services on water supply, thorities. Regretfully, waste storage is done
sewerage, and purification approved by the in the absence of procedural rules for the
Decision of ANRE Administration Council selection, construction and authorization of
No. 164 of 29.11.2004. places designed for waste disposal, thus un-
authorized dumps appear.
Being concerned about the immi- Currently, according to the State Ecologi-
nent danger to the environment, cal Inspectorate, 1867 solid waste landfills
and, respectively, on health in rela- exist, out of which only 15 are built and set
tion with the operating and stor- according to projects positively reviewed by
ing of waste in the landfill in the the State Ecological Inspectorate; 1009 are
suburbs of the town Cimislia, the conformed landfills constructed in the ab-
ombudsman got informed and re- sence of a project, and 843 are nonconform-
quested the Ministry of Health and ing and do not correspond to the sanitary-
Environment and the head of Cimis- ecological conditions.
lia rayon to order an investigation The ombudsmen reiterate the need to
on this case. assess the environmental situation in the vi-
Following the inspection carried out cinity of the landfill sites and to determine
by the Ministry of Health, the sani- the risk they present for the population. We
tary-ecological state of the landfill recommend extensive and effective cooper-
and of the adjacent territory was as- ation between the local and central authori-
sessed as unsatisfactory. The results ties, NGOs and development partners. We
were submitted to the Mayors Of- also consider absolutely necessary to devel-
fice to develop an action plan. op waste management services, especially
in the rural areas; to eliminate the unauthor-
Waste management ized landfills and to transfer the authorized
wastes from the protection zones of water
A significant source of environment pol-
bodies.
lution is the waste. Improper waste man-
agement still remains an acute problem. A In this context, during a press confer-
major risk for the environment of the Re- ence of stakeholders from the Republic of
public of Moldova is waste disposal on the Moldova and Ukraine, as well as in an ad-
ground (the wide spread method for waste dress to the President of the Republic of
disposal). As result of its decomposition, the Moldova, the ombudsman raised the issue
waste becomes dangerous, causing the infil- of the environmental safety of the Dniester
tration of toxins into the soils and gas emis- River, a situation that directly threatens the
sions in the atmosphere. The waste amount health and the life of the people, due to the
is increased year by year103, which requires overload of the potassium mine from the
fast measures to remedy the situation by town Kalush, Ivano-Frankovsk, Ukraine104.
developing and implementing policies and The ombudsmen are of the opinion that the
strategies in solid waste management and protection and sustainable development of
by making the institutional system in waste the Dniester River basin must be one of the
management accountable and based on the priority areas of cooperation between the
cooperation between central and local au- Republic of Moldova and Ukraine.
The total amount of solid waste accumulate din

103
2012 was of 4641, 95 thousand m3 www.ombudsman.md

104
340
CHAPTER I

11. The right to private property and its protection
Property served as basis for the social property from the village Giurgiuleti, Cahul
development of humanity. Although, it has rayon for the construction of Giurgiuleti In-
numerous meanings, property entitles the ternational Free Port and submitted propos-
right to property. als for expropriation under the law106.
Being a right in permanent evolution, it Out of the 41 owners of plots proposed
constantly enriches its content through the for expropriation, only one accepted the
appearance and regulation of the right to terms of expropriation, the other 40 owners
intellectual property, through the develop- have not reached an agreement on expro-
ment of movable and immovable property, priation for public use, for which civil action
etc. was filed in court107.
In legal literature, the right to property is The petitioners informed the Ombuds-
defined in different ways, but the basic attri- man Institution about the inequitable terms
butes remain possession, use and disposal. of expropriation and of setting the compen-
The Constitution of the Republic of Mol- sation, thus considering that their constitu-
dova guarantees the right to private prop- tional rights were violated.
erty by the state and directly stipulates that Following the examination of the al-
nobody can be expropriated, except in the leged circumstances, the ombudsman, un-
public interest established by law, with fair der article 74 of CPC of RM, submitted an
and prior compensation105. application to the court to conclude on the
According to Article 1 of the Protocol cases under consideration. The civil cases
Number 1 of European Convention of Hu- are under examination at present, the Ca-
man Rights, to which the Republic of Mol- dastre Agency requested time to review the
dova is a party, the observance of the pos- evaluation report of the land in dispute.
sessions of every natural or legal person is Having examined the laws on expropria-
guaranteed and no one shall be deprived of tion terms, the ombudsman concluded that
his possessions except in public interest and the amount of compensations for expropria-
subject to the conditions provided for by law tion must be determined simultaneously
and by general principles of international law. with the actual expropriation.
According to Government Decision No. Regardless of who establishes the
186 of 9.03.2009 On some measures to en- amount of compensation, it should be done
sure the activity of the Giurgiuleti Interna- at a time very close to that of actual expro-
tional Free Port, the Cadastre Agency in ac- priation, preferably before it, and without
cordance with the law in force, was empow- taking into account the added value that it
ered to ensure through subordinate enter- acquired as result of public utility works. The
prises, the implementation of the provisions expropriation for public use, on one hand,
concerned, and to perform the work, the creates an added value for the owner and,
given documents and the transactions re-
lated to the expropriation of private immov-

According to article 9 of Law No. 488 of
106
able property (land and buildings) situated 08/07/1999 on expropriation of property in
on the site of public works of the unincor- public interest, in the case of dwelling or land
porated territory of the village Giurgiuleti, expropriation, the owner is proposed another
Cahul rayon. dwelling or land, and in case the cost of the pro-
posed dwelling or land is lower than the cost of
To apply the mentioned Decision, the the expropriated dwelling or land, the expropri-
state subjected to expropriation for public ator shall pay the difference between the cost of
use of national interest 41 lands in private the expropriated dwelling or expropriated land
and the proposed dwelling or proposed land.
Article 46 of the Constitution of the Republic of
105
Article 13 of Law 488 of 08/07/99 on expropriati-
107
Moldova on for public use
341
on the other hand, deprives him of his right The circumstances found within the in-
to property. However, in these circumstanc- vestigation demonstrate that the procedure
es it is natural for the owner (private) to get of certification of the power of attorney, as
only what he lost in favour of the expropria- well as the substantive rules referring to the
tor, and not the added value, which the lat- duties of the persons in charge have been
ter created. violated by the decision makers of the Town
We often come across cases when the Hall, fact that attempted the right to proper-
three attributes of the right to property ty of the persons that have land shares and
possession, use and disposal are exposed value shares and generated the violation of
to abuse on behalf of authorities. the provisions of Article 46 of the Constitu-
tion and Article 316 of the Civil Code, which
A group of residents from Briceni rayon
stipulate that the right to private property us
informed the Ombudsman institution about
guaranteed and the property is inviolable.
such a case. The petitioners expressed their
indignation in connection with the authen- It should be noted that under let-
tication of by the local public authority of ter q), section 1, art. 39 of Law No. 436 of
a power of attorney, according to which 28/12/2006 On local public administration,
the co-owners of the assets assigned for one of the duties of the Mayoralty secretary
privatization of the agricultural Association is to compile notarial acts in accordance
Drepcauti, empowered citizen V.C. to per- with the Law on notary. However, in accor-
form on their behalf the actions required for dance with letter e), section 1, Art. 37 of Law
the termination of agricultural land leasing No. 1453 of 08/11/2002 on the notary, the
contracts. V.C. was also empowered to regis- persons in charge, authorized by the local
ter the assets of joint property, divided into public administration, undertake tasks of
quotas, with the local authority, the Territori- authentication of the powers of attorney for
al Cadastre Office, the State Fiscal Inspector- receiving pensions, benefits, funds distrib-
ate and Evidence and Exploitation of Trans- uted to shareholders in non-mutual invest-
port Service. The document offers to citizen ment funds in the process of liquidation,
V.C. the possibility to sign agreements on investment funds for privatization in the
how to separate the plot-parts between dif- process of liquidation, for receiving indexed
ferent groups of co-owners, and how to use sums on citizens deposits at the Banca de
the assets with the conclusion and signing Economii, as well as for the right to register,
of selling-buying contracts of immobile and transmit in use and disposal of the right to
mobile goods jointly possessed at the priva- property on the value shares of agricultural
tization of the agricultural farm; to conclude goods.
agreements on transmission of disputes in Thus, from the content of the certified
connection with the use or separation of power of attorney results that, in addition
goods after the court ruling or of elected ar- to all the powers granted to the represen-
bitraries; to represent the interests in court tative, the right to terminate the lease was
or arbitration proceedings; to formulate and also held. Article 37 of the Law on Notary ex-
to sign applications in connection with the haustively sets out the categories of notarial
related disputes; to present the interests at acts, as well as types of powers of attorney,
the general meetings of co-owners and to which can be certified by the local public
carry out land consolidation. administration authority. The Law does not
In spite of the fact that the mentioned stipulate that the local public authority can
power of attorney was certified by the secre- certify the power of attorney for the man-
tary of the Town Hall, the property owners af- agement of agricultural plots.
firm that they do not know about conferring Paragraph 3 of Article 252 of the Civil
to citizen V.C. powers to perform actions on Code stipulates that the powers of attorney
the agricultural quotas and the value of their certified under the law by the local public
shares, fact certified by the shareholders. administration authorities are equivalent
342
CHAPTER I

with the powers of attorney certified by the The cited case makes us conclude that
notary, while according to section 1 of the enabling certification of powers of attorney,
Regulations on the manner of fulfilling no- in which the certified object is an immov-
tarial acts and completing notarial registers, able good or land, to other persons the no-
approved by the Order of the Ministry of taries can lead to abuses, which reduces the
Justice No. 95 of 28/02/2008, the provisions protective role of requesting an authentic
of the given Regulations shall be binding for form imposed by law for such types of pow-
the persons who are empowered to fulfil no- ers of attorney. Sufficient pretexts might be
tarial acts, i.e. those of local public authori- invented so that the persons charged to cer-
ties in charge. In this case, the local public tify the powers of attorney to abuse of their
authority ignored Disposition No. 5 of the position and take advantage of empowers
Regulations which stipulates that the notari- granted to them by law. In our opinion, the
al acts are signed by the parties or their rep- certification of the of powers of attorney by
resentatives in the presence of the notary, the notaries would be much safer, the more
and as appropriate, in the presence of those so that the law108 allows to draw up notarial
invited to confirm the conclusion of the acts acts outside the office and office hours.
that the parties draw up, as well as of the Violation of the right to property was
witnesses, if the law stipulates their pres- specified in the petitions of the inhabitants
ence. According to section 14, in the case of of the village Sverdiac, Recea commune,
certification of legal acts on real estate (ex- Riscani rayon, addressed to the CHR. The
cept wills), the notary verifies the ownership petitioners allege the illegal actions of the
of the property and the tasks of the goods manager of the agricultural farm Fintina
on the basis of the submitted documents. In Recea, particularly in respect his unlawful
this aim, the applicant of the notarial act will disposal of their value shares of plots, which
submit the papers on property, the extract are in temporary use of the mentioned en-
from the immovable property register, the terprise.
certificate of existence or absence of real es-
The right to private property of the value
tate tax arrears, and other documents neces-
shares of the plots of the petitioners is fully
sary for the validity of the drawn notarial act,
attested by certificates on private property,
which is annexed to the document kept in
which confirms their right to private proper-
the notarys archives, in the original or cop-
ty of the given plots and also by certificates
ies, as appropriate.
of testamentary heirs.
The petitioners indicated in their request
Within the control carried out, it was
that they do not agree with the drawn pow-
found that there was a transaction conclud-
er of attorney and demand its cancellation.
ed between the agricultural farm Fintina
Taking into account the provisions of Recea and the owners of the value shares,
paragraph 2, article 252 of the Civil Code, the according to which the temporary use of
person who issued the power of attorney the named shares was made official. Never-
has the right to cancel it at any time and con- theless, the agricultural farm Fintina Recea
sidering the claimed circumstances, as the disposes of the private property of the pe-
ones derogating from the legal provisions titioners. Furthermore, the management of
of the right to property, the ombudsmen, the enterprise does not pay anything for the
under article 27 of the Law on Ombudsman, use of such property.
submitted a notice to the local government
Thus, on 7/11/2012 a summons to court
demanding the cancellation of the certified
was made by Riscani district court, request-
power of attorney. This however was not
ing observance of the provisions of para-
solved, which determined the Ombudsman
graph 1, article 46 of the Constitution of the
Institution to file an action in court, which is
Republic of Moldova, which stipulates that
currently being examined.
Article 38 on the Notary No. 1453 of 08/11/2002

108
343
the right to private property is guaranteed. mit abuses on behalf of lessees. Often the
Respectively, it was requested to oblige the lessors do not possess sufficient legal in-
agricultural farm Fntna Recea to return to formation or do not solicit legal assistance
the petitioners the value shares that belong when concluding contracts of such kind.
to them as property according to the docu- Thus, the Ombudsman Institution regis-
ments which confirm this fact. tered cases when the lack of legal contrac-
Lack of land lease contracts or their tual clauses or their superficiality (e.g. dimin-
drawing with infringement of the legal acts ishing the amounts for the land lease, the
is a frequent issue addressed by the citizens change of payment terms of the lease, etc.)
to CHR. Observance of the right to property resulted in lessors damage.
analysis conducted by the Ombudsman, es- When the lease agreement on land and
pecially the leasing of the land shares of the other agricultural property is concluded
owners to lessees made it possible to high- for a period of up to 3 years, it is entered
light stringent issues facing those involved in the lease register, kept by the Mayoralty
in the process. of the community on whose territory the
The compulsory requirement to con- leased plots or other agricultural property
clude a lease agreement, its correct and are found110. We note that the local public
proper form (clauses that do not contravene authority exercises the role of registrar of
the law, etc.) are among the main conditions the lease contracts, which allows the le-
to ensure the enforcement of the lease ob- galization of contractual abuses based on
jects, of the rights and obligations of the which the involved parties can later appeal
lessor and lessee. Non-inclusion in the lease to courts to claim their rights.
contract of an essential clause or non-obser- It is also necessary to note that the
vance of its written form causes its annul- leases are signed for a long period of time
ment109 , as only the good-will agreement and do not change over time, even if cer-
of the contractual parties shall give it legal tain inflationary processes take place. So,
power. the payment for the land lease remains the
Yet, these requirements are not always initial one. Moreover, indicating the amount
met, creating favourable conditions to com- of lease payment in percentage of the col-
lected harvest, the lessee does not specify
the terms of checking the yield, which leads
Citizen M.R., inhabitant of the town to a future concealing of the amount of the
Comrat is trying since 2006 to get harvest.
the payment (according to the con- The examination of the described above
tract) for the leased land for a period situations bring to the conclusion that in or-
of 25 years to SRL DOLU BASAC, by der to improve the land lease and its terms,
suing the company in court. There it is necessary to create a legal mechanism
were issued two writs of execution that would allow correct and appropriate
on the recuperation of the amount application of the provisions of the Law on
of 29,010 lei, which was impossible lease in agriculture. In particular, clear regu-
to execute for lack of income or of lations pertaining to drawing up the lease
the lessees official property. How- contract, as well as the creation and empow-
ever, the given company was liq- erment of a body with attribution to check
uidated, while the lessee registered up the essential contractual legal clauses is
two other agricultural enterprises required. This would allow the prevention
which he manages. and exclusion of abuses of the involved ac-
tors and eventual appeals to courts.
Article 6, paragraph 6 of the Law on lease in agri-

109
Article 11 of the Law on lease in agriculture No.
110
culture No. 198 of 15/05/2003 198 of 15/05/2003
344
CHAPTER I

Due attention should be paid to the prob- provision of citizens with housing, the build-
lem of uncultivated lands. In this respect, ing of lofts attracted the attention of the om-
claims related to the impossibility to process budsmen. The ombudsmen appreciated the
the plots because of lack of workforce, migra- positive side of building lofts; this is offering
tion, aging and urbanization of the popula- to citizens optimal conditions for purchasing
tion are invoked. Other reasons are economic housing at a reasonable price. At the same
instability, high cost of farm works, lack of or time, the ombudsmen warn that the notion
worn out agricultural machinery. of providing citizens with housing should
The mentioned circumstances require not be limited to providing this space free of
that landowners accept the contractual terms charge.
of the lessees, which are often unfavourable During 2012, the Ombudsman Institu-
for them. This impunity was accepted by tion was informed several times by Chisinau
landowners also because of the sanctions im- inhabitants of apartment blocks, which were
posed by the state for failure to process the exposed to these profitable venture con-
land, so as to ensure its use as intended111, structions. The petitioners complained that
and for non-cultivation of the land112, while rather often these constructions are not coor-
additional obligations for the landowners are dinated with all the inhabitants of the block;
included113. In the ombudsmens opinion, this the final consent for construction being taken
conditioning cannot be objective, since the only by the inhabitants of the last floor of the
state does not provide a well-developed land building. The companies which built the lofts
policy and profitable economic conditions for do not realize in full the effect of performed
land management, counting only on taxation works on the block and the landscaping,
and sanctioning the landowners. while the utility networks are not suited for
With the development of real estate mar- operation for a large number of consumers.
ket in the city Chisinau, a new phenomenon Having analysed section II of the Chisinau
appeared building lofts. The building of City Hall Decision No. 16/5 of 2/08/2001 On
lofts is allowed in exchange of works for the approval of the concept of building lofts on
thermic insulation of the blocks, restoration of residence blocks in the city Chisinau, accord-
staircases and networks. ing to which in order to build the lofts it is nec-
From the financial point of view, the busi- essary only the consent of the inhabitants of
ness is profitable. Partial renovation of blocks the last floor of the block, we came to the con-
does not involve financial expenses from clusion that it contravenes to the agreement
the current apartment owners. On the other principle, as well as the provisions of article 5
hand, the prices for loft apartments are afford- of the Law on condominium of the residence
able for those who want to buy apartments fund No. 913 of 30/03/2000. It states that the
but are limited in financial resources. common property of condominium includes
all the allied parties in common use114. Article
At first sight, building lofts offers solutions
9, paragraph 2 of the Constitution of the Re-
for a number of issues. But there is another
public of Moldova provides that the property
side of the coin. The quality of the performed
cannot be used against the rights, freedoms
works leaves much to de desired. Much con-
and dignity.
cern is raised in connection with the security
of the renovated buildings. Many apartment
In the context of the illegality of City Hall Decision
114
owners are unsatisfied as result of building No. 16/5 of 2/09/2001, on December 15, 2011, the
lofts at the top of the blocks. Court of Appeals from Chisinau upheld the civil
lawsuit filed by the Prosecutors Office of the mu-
Being a topic of great importance, which
nicipality Chisinau in the interests of the disabled
comes under article 47, paragraph 1 of the inhabitants and pensioners residing in Pietrarilor
Constitution of the Republic of Moldova street 14/2 and 14/4 from Chisinau versus Chi-
sinau City Hall and Chisinau Municipal Council
contesting the administrative decision and it was
111
Article 117 of the Contravention Code of RM ruled the cancellation of the Decision and the Chi-
sinau Municipal Council was obliged to introduce
112
Article 118 of the Contravention Code of RM in the text the consent of all inhabitants of the
113
Article 29 of the Land Code of RM block.
345
Accordingly, the ombudsmen requested act, which would ensure full respect for hu-
the local authority that the public property man rights in this respect, was also requested
(the roof of the apartment block), where the In the sent reply, the local authority en-
construction of lofts is disposed, to be al- sured the Ombudsman Institution that the
lowed with the consent of all the inhabitants drafting and adoption of a new regulation
of the block and not only with the consent of was initiated.
the inhabitants of the last floor. The modifica-
tion and improvement of the administrative
Recommendations of ombudsmen
To improve the legal framework on housing condominiums, so as to enable an organ or
an independent commission with control power for accurate and appropriate achievement
of contractual clauses related to the process of building lofts above the apartment buildings
by the involved stakeholders;
To amend and improve the regulatory framework to ensure full respect for human rights
in the context of achieving the agreement principle in the process of building lofts above the
apartment buildings;
To improve the leasing process of agricultural lands and its terms by creating a legal
mechanism that would fairly and appropriately implement the provisions of the Law on lease
in agriculture, especially of those related to the lease contract;
To review and improve the civil and land legislation in the context of creating rentable
conditions for the agricultural landowners for a reliable management of the lands in private
ownership.
12. Observance of human rights on the left bank of the

Dnieste River
An on-going unsolved issue, over the Individual liberty and personal secu-
years, is the impossibility of the ombudsmen rity, physical and mental integrity
to intervene in the protection of human rights The constitutional authorities, interna-
and freedoms of the people who live on the tional bodies and other officials do not have
left bank of the Dniester River. This situation access to places of detention in Transdnis-
had determined the ombudsmen to propose
tria unless with the permission of Tiraspol
in 2004 to international bodies to support the
administration. The activity of the National
organization, in the districts from the conflict
Preventive Mechanism against Torture does
zone, of representations of the Centre for Hu-
not extend to the places of detention in the
man Rights to promote effective, objective
and impartial monitoring of the situation, in
region, these being outside any external
terms of human rights, and to encourage the control, including on behalf of international
people of this region to defend their rights structures. In these circumstances, the re-
and interests. gion lacks a legal and effective mechanism
of defence and protection of the people in
Encountering with many difficulties, the
the region.
Centre for Human Rights managed to open
a representation in the town Varnita only on Although the national legislation oblig-
October 17, 2012. es the law enforcement institutions to initi-
346
CHAPTER I

ate prosecution for any allegations of tor- to these institutions and periodically make
ture, the authorities invoke de facto lack of preventive visits, whose results are commu-
control on the Eastern territory of the coun- nicated to the authorities.
try, decline their responsibilities and do not Following the visits, the ombudsmen
make efforts to protect the fundamental have publicly condemned the actions of
human rights. This argument is not accept- Transdnistria related to the degree of com-
able in the context of state positive obliga- pliance with the right to individual liberty
tions. Accordingly, the Government could and security of the person. Nevertheless,
be found guilty for serious violations of the recommendations to create, in the limit of
provisions of articles 1, 2, 3, 5, 13 of ECHR. possibilities, conditions of detention ap-
On the other hand, reopening negotia- propriate to national and international stan-
tions with dialogue partners from Transdnis- dards were submitted to the administration
tria could mean temporary success towards of prisons No. 8 and No. 12 and the Police
achieving and establishing the precondi- Commissariat from Bender.
tions for human rights protection. Guaranteeing the right to physical and
According to the information provided mental integrity is one of the priority areas
by Promo-Lex Association115, the depriva- requiring a qualitatively new approach. The
tion of liberty of persons is made by struc- experience on the right bank of the Dniester
tures that have assumed responsibilities River on the implementation of the Nation-
of law enforcement and justice bodies. al Preventive Mechanism against Torture,
Moreover, there is no real and effective op- the active involvement of the civil society
portunity to influence the decisions of the in this activity would significantly improve
Transdnistrian administration and of their the safeguards against abuses on behalf of
illegal structures. At the same time, these power representatives. In this context, the
decisions have results in the East of the ombudsmen proposed the extension of the
Republic of Moldova. People are convicted, activity of the National Preventive Mecha-
tortured, and imprisoned in inhuman and nism against Torture in the Eastern part of
degrading conditions. Currently, there is no the country.
national mechanism for the rehabilitation of
the victims of the Tiraspol regime.
Freedom of movement
On the territory of the town Bender
The issues related to the freedom of
there are two prisons subordinated to the
movement in Transdnistria continued to be
Penitentiary Department of the Republic of
recorded in 2012 as well. In addition to par-
Moldova. Over the years, the authorities of
tial resumption of the freight railway trans-
the town Bender prevent the normal activ-
port, other improvements were noticed.
ity of these prisons by disconnecting them
from water supply, sewerage systems, and The official delegations wishing to go to
the heating network of the town. For this the left bank districts are required to prior
reason, it is difficult to supply the prisons notice the Transdnistrian authorities in or-
with the minimum necessary for existence. der to get authorization. No consensus was
Due to disconnections from the electric reached on the legal status of cars registered
power network, it is not possible to pro- in the Eastern region. A serious problem,
vide uninterrupted supply of electricity to related to ensuring the right of freedom of
the prisons. The ombudsmen and Advisory movement in the Transdnistrian region of
Board members have unrestricted access the Republic of Moldova, remains the arbi-
trary location of illegal checkpoints by the
Promo-Lex Association is an apolitical and non-
115 representatives of Tiraspol administration
profit NGO, focused on the promotion of demo- in the localities in the security zone. Con-
cratic values, of international standards in the sequently, the access of farmers to their ag-
field of human rights in the Republic of Moldova, ricultural lands, which they have in posses-
including Transdnistria.
347
sion, is limited. Persons are retained under were not created. Moreover, measures have
the pretext illegal border crossing. been taken to liquidate them, which led
CHR registered complaints coming from to a flagrant violation of childrens right to
people residing in the Eastern region who education, the parents right to choose the
are restricted movement on the territory of language of instruction for their children, as
the left bank of the Dniester River in cars reg- well as the childrens right to study in their
istered in the Republic of Moldova. In order mother tongue.
to be able to move freely on this territory, the In the autumn of 2004, the separatist
car owners have to pay a fee of 0.18 % of the authorities from Tiraspol have taken action,
vehicle cost, which is valid for a period of 60 through the use of force, to close down the
days. After the expiry of 60 days, it is neces- lyceums with instruction in the Moldovan
sary to fill in a customs declaration. In case language in Latin script. The victims ap-
of failure to comply with the term of staying pealed to the European Court of Human
on the territory specified in the declaration, Rights on October 19, 2012. The Grand
a fine from 50 to 100 % of the vehicle cost is Chamber admitted the violation of the right
applied, with or without its confiscation. The to education of 170 applicants by the Rus-
cost for the vehicle valuation price must be sian Federation in the case Catan and others
paid by the vehicle owner. vs. Moldova and Russia. The case was filed
both against the Republic of Moldova, on
whose territory the region is found, and
The right to education
against Russia, who played a critical role in
Restriction of human rights and of dem- the formation and maintenance of the sepa-
ocratic process, based on equality, human ratist administration in the region. The Court
values and cultural, economic and political adjudicated damages of 1,020,000 euro for
diversity is reflected in the educational sys- violation of the right to education of the eth-
tem. nic Moldovans pupils, parents, and teach-
Transdnistria has its own system of edu- ers.
cation, different from the national one. Laws The Moldovan authorities have always
that prohibit and stipulate sanctions for the supported the desire for further education
use of the Latin alphabet116 have been ad- and employability in the labour market in
opted. the Republic of Moldova of the Transdnis-
In 2003, there was serious deterioration trian graduates. However, the certificates
of the situation caused by the actions and issued by the educational institutions from
declarations of Tiraspol administration in Transnistria cannot be internationally recog-
connection with the schools, where instruc- nized. For this reason, in the case when the
tion is done based on curricula and text- holders of such certificates want to continue
books approved by the Ministry of Educa- their studies abroad or to get employed,
tion of the Republic of Moldova. the given certificates are substituted by the
In order to solve the problems that the Ministry of Education. By the Order of the
Moldovan schools confront, only in the pe- Ministry of Education No. 869 of 5/11/2012,
riod 2002-2003, 15 meetings at the level of the manner to perfect the study documents
experts in educational issues from the Re- issued by educational institutions from the
public of Moldova and Transdnistria, with Eastern region of the Republic of Moldova
the participation of OSCE Mission in Mol- and the town Bender was simplified.
dova, were held. Despite the fact that the A persistent problem for many years is
Transdnistrian side committed, according to that of unfair validation of the marks in the
the signed protocols, to create appropriate study documents, when the assessment
conditions for the schools in question, they of knowledge is performed in the system
of five points valid for the Transnistrian re-
gion. The educational institutions from the
The Law of MNR on languages of 8/09/1992.
116
348
CHAPTER I

region assess pupils knowledge according hospitalization of citizens from the Trans-
to a five-point system, and the ones in the dnistrian region and providing outpatient
jurisdiction of Moldova according to a ten- services in Chisinau. One of the main fac-
point system. Thus, the marks of the Transd- tors that determines these problems is lack
nistrian graduates, of any level, who decide of Republic of Moldovas citizenship. This
to continue their studies in the educational induces legal restrictions in benefitting of
institutions from the country, are equalled the full spectrum of free of charge services,
according to the established regulations by including for the patients suffering of HIV/
the Ministry of Education (maximum 9.5 for AIDS and tuberculosis, which the citizens of
the mark 5). By the Order of the Ministry of the Republic of Moldova enjoy (hospitaliza-
Education No. 475 of 7/06/2012, the Regu- tion without payment, laboratory tests, etc).
lation on the organization of admission to There have been reported issues related
higher education (cycle I Bachelor degree) to medical care under the mandatory health
in higher educational institutions from the insurance policy.
Republic of Moldova was approved. Unfor-
By Government Decision No. 906 of
tunately, this document also preserves the
24/04/2010, a mechanism for examining
same system of validation in the ten-point
the appeals of the citizens of the Republic
system: the marks 3, 4, 5 have as equiva-
of Moldova, residing in rural localities from
lents 5.5, 7.5 and 9.5 respectively.
the left bank and the administrative border
localities was created, in order for them to
The right to healthcare obtain mandatory healthcare insurance pol-
Economic and political instability in icies. In spite of this, the persons, who are
the Transdnistrian region of the Republic insured by the Government and the persons
of Moldova and the isolation of the region who buy their insurance policies, cannot
have a negative impact on the demography benefit of the whole spectrum of medical
and the health of the region. services included in the Program of manda-
tory health insurance. This is because the
Since the self-declaration of the break-
medical institutions from the Transdnistrian
away Transdnistrian republic, the central
region refuse to issue to patients referrals to
public authorities from the Republic of
medical-sanitary institutions falling within
Moldova ceased to have access to the sta-
the compulsory health insurance system.
tistical indicators and epidemiological data,
which led to the isolation and division of the
health systems. The right to property
The main cause of increased mortality In 2012, two types of problems remained
in the Transdnistrian region, as well as in the without attention indexation of citizens
Republic of Moldova, is the cardiovascular deposits and the situation of the victims of
and oncological diseases. Among the aggra- political repressions, whose wealth was con-
vating factors, which contribute to this situ- fiscated, nationalized or otherwise taken.
ation, is the relatively long distance (90 km) The ombudsmen have repeatedly ex-
between Tiraspol and Chisinau. This limits pressed their opinion on the current man-
the physical access of citizens from Transd- ner of payments of indexation on citizens
nistria to tertiary medical services. savings by Banca de Economii (Savings
Combating HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis in Bank), which may be considered violation of
the Transdnistrian region, by using the mod- the property right guaranteed by the Con-
els accepted by the Ministry of Health of the stitution, and which does not correspond to
Republic of Moldova under international the concept of the European right on own-
standards, is confronted with significant ership and constitutional provisions.
disadvantages and obstacles, particularly While the indexation of savings on
manifested by limited access to treatment, the right bank of the Dniester River is
349
finalized, the inhabitants of the district in the 627 of 5/06/2007 and adjusted to the provi-
Eastern part, who had savings in Banca de sions of the new legal provisions118.
Economii as of January 2, 1992, have no pos- The ombudsmen welcome these
sibility to recuperate the deposited money. amendments and, at the same time, warn on
This is because the Law on the indexation the importance of continuing the revision of
of citizens savings in Banca de Economii the laws in force in order to exclude all the
No. of 12/12/2002 excludes this possibil- discriminatory regulations regarding the
ity until the financial-budgetary relations of citizens who live on the left bank of Dniester.
the communities from the left bank of the
Dniester River are restored with the state
budget of the Republic of Moldova. Given Childrens rights
that the problem on certain aspects of the Limited access of the representatives
right to property is delayed for an indefinite of the Republic of Moldovas authorities, as
period, it contravenes to the principle of well as of the organizations working in the
equality and non-discrimination. The om- field of childrens rights, to the territory on
budsmen have repeatedly warned117 about the left bank of Dniester, does not allow the
the need to review Law 1530 but the issue collection of official statistics and quality
of indexing the savings of the citizens of the studies on the situation of children in this
Republic of Moldova in the branches of Ban- region. The available information, provided
ca de Economii in the localities on the left by the mass-media or by the few organiza-
bank of the Dniester has not been solved in tions that operate in the field, does not rep-
2012 either. resent a comprehensive approach to child
The same uncertainty is known to the protection system. For this reason, it is not
people who benefit of the right to recover possible to draw clear conclusions regard-
the value of the goods illegally seized by being the observance of childrens rights in
ing paid compensation. Given the significant Transdniestria.
number of complaints from citizens living in Thus, the ombudsman found out from
Transdniestria on this topic, the Ministry of Chisinau press119 about the situation of
Justice passed the proposed amendment of unattended children, originating from
the Law on rehabilitation of the victims of
political repressions No. 1225 of 8/12/1992, Government Decision on amendments and
118
so as to extend the powers of special com- completion of the Regulations on return of the
missions from the adjacent localities to ex- value of goods through payment of compensa-
amine the applications of the given persons, tion to the persons subjected to political repres-
sions, as well as the payment of compensation in
related to the return of goods or recovery of case of death due to political repressions No. 76
their value through payment of compensa- of 25/01/2013.
tions. After the entry into force of the dis- www.arena.md. The information was provided
119
cussed amendments on 28/09/2012, the by the specialist of the Swiss Foundation Ter-
Regulations on the return of the value of re des Hommes in an interview of the Tiraspol
goods by paying compensation in case of Agency Novii Reghion. In the last four years, 47
children found in Ukraine, 48 found in Russia,
the death of victims of political repression
one in Romania, one in Italy and one in Belarus
was approved by Government Decision No. were included in the data base of the Founda-
tion. The age of the children is between several
months to 17 years old. The ones in Russia were
117
born and abandoned in this country, travelled
TE%20PDF/Raport_2006.pdf; with the family and later were left unattended.
http://www.ombudsman.md/file/RAPOARTE%20 As for the children found in Ukraine, most of
PDF/Raport%202007.pdf them aged between 14 and 17, were identified
http://www.ombudsman.md/file/RAPOARTE%20 in Odessa. Most of them appear in the records
PDF/Raport%202009%20redactat.pdfhttp:// of Transdniestrian militia and crossed the border
www.ombudsman.md/file/RAPOARTE%20PDF/ illegally on the border segment uncontrolled by
finala%20raportului%202010.pdf the Republic of Moldovas authorities.
350
CHAPTER I

Transdniestria, who are more and more fre- possess housing. Moreover, they are rec-
quently found in Russia and Ukraine and ommended to look for people, who would
their number is increasing in recent years. agree to resister them in their homes. It
The ombudsmen expressed their opinion should be mentioned that by the Decision
that the presence of the Border Assistance on the control of the constitutionality of
Mission to Ukraine and Moldova (EUBAM) the provisions of section 10, paragraph 2 of
on the Transdniestrian segment might have the Regulations on the manner of issuing
reduced the risk of fraudulent crossing of identity documents No. 16 of 19/05/1997,
the border by children and the illegal trans- the Constitutional Court ruled and declared
portation of minors out of the country. unconstitutional all the provisions that con-
Currently, the most difficult issues in tain the phrases permanent residence and
the field of childrens rights observance in residence permit.
the Trnasdiestrian region, identified by the In order to ensure the population from
ombudsmen, are related to the un-recog- Transdniestria with identity documents is-
nition by the authorities of the Republic of sued by the national system of passports,
Moldova of the documents issued by the the Government has determined121 that the
Transdniestrian authorities (court decisions persons with permanent residence visa in
on adoption, termination of parental rights, Transdniestria and who meet the require-
decisions establishing guardianship/ cura- ments of the Law on citizenship of the Re-
torship, etc.) public of Moldova No. 1024-XIV of July 2,
2000, can confirm citizenship of the Repub-
lic of Moldova in any Territorial Office of Pop-
Some aspects of citizens
ulation Registration and Documentation by
documentation
having the respective stamp applied in the
In the period October 30 December 31, passport of Soviet model (model of 1974).
2012, ten citizens appealed to Varnita Cen- For this category of citizens, the Soviet mod-
tre for Human Rights in connection with the el passports which contain the inscription
procedure of documentation carried out by about Republic of Moldovas citizenship and
the Section on Registration and Documen- the state identification number of the indi-
tation of the Population from Bender. Two vidual (IDNP), are valid open-endedly. The
of them have filed complaints about unjus- Ministry of Information Technologies and
tified refusal and delays in issuing identify Communication should provide a simplified
cards. procedure of confirming Republic of Mol-
Generalizing the information found out dovas citizenship for the people residing in
during the citizens receptions in audience, Transdniestria.
it was established that the persons residing According to section 5 of the Regulation
in Transdniestria do not fully benefit of the on the Passport System in the USSR, ap-
facilities provided by the State for the issu- proved by the Decision of the USSR Soviet of
ance of identity cards. Ministers of August 28, 1974, passport valid-
Thus, contrary to the regulations in ity is not limited in time. In the passports of
force120, the citizens are refused documen- the citizens, who reached the age of 25 and
tation because of lack of proof that they 45, new photographs, which correspond to
the given age, are glued by the internal af-
fairs bodies. The passports that do not have
The Instruction on the manner of issuing iden-
120
such photos are invalid.
tity documents to the citizens of the Republic of
Moldova, approved by Order 22 of 24/01/2007 of
SE CRIS Registru: in the case when the citizen
cannot prove evidence of possessing housing, Government decision on the measures of en-
121
S (B)EDP issues a notice on the issuance of the suring confirmation of citizenship to the people
identity card without registration of residence residing on the left bank of the Dniester (Transd-
due to lack of housing. niestria) No. 959 of 09/09/2005
351
Meanwhile, the national legal frame- tive stamp applied in the passport of Soviet
work, governing the activity of the Sections model of 1974. Also, according to section 2
for Population Registration and Documenta- of the Regulation on the procedure of acqui-
tion (SEDP) does not provide for the intro- sition and loss of citizenship of the Repub-
duction of photos at the age of 25 and 45 lic of Moldova, approved by Government
in Soviet model passports (model of 1974). decision No. 197 of 12/03/2001, the person
Therefore, to ensure the validity of the iden- who is entitled to be recognized as citizen of
tity document, the citizens of the Republic of the Republic of Moldova submits to the ter-
Moldova, holders of soviet model passports, ritorial Office of the Ministry of Information
resort to Transdniestrian internal affairs bod- Technology and Communications, in whose
ies for gluing new photograph that corre- jurisdiction he resides, an application-ques-
spond to the given age of the holder. In the tionnaire addressed to the President of the
cases when the photographs were glued by Republic of Moldova to which he annexes, in
Transdniestrian internal affairs bodies, Bend- each separate case, the documents specifi-
er SEDP employees demand confirmation of cally listed123 in the law, including the crimi-
identity under the provisions of section 1 nal record from the country of nationality or
of the Regulation on the manner of issuing the country where he legally resided prior to
identity documents of the National System settlement in Moldova. In this context, the
of Passport, approved by Government De- employees of SEDP Bender request criminal
cision No. 376 of 6/06/1995122. In the case, record issued by the Internal Affairs Depart-
when the identification of the person is im- ment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs from
possible in the established order, his identity Transdniestria.
is determined by the court.
Therefore, although the state has taken Copy of the identity card; criminal record from
123
steps to confirm citizenship and documen- the country of nationality, criminal record from
tation in the Transdniestrian region, mecha- the country where legally resided prior to settle-
nisms to ensure the validity of the Soviet ment in the Republic of Moldova; receipt for
payment of the state tax; two photographs size
passport were not created.
4.5x3.5 cm; the copies of civil status documents:
According to section 1 of the Govern- birth certificate of minor children, certificates of
ment Decision No. 959 of 9/09/2005, the per- marriage, divorce, change of name, copy of birth
sons with permanent residence in Trasndni- certificate of one of the parents or grandparents,
in the case when the applicant was not born on
estria and who meet the requirements of the the territory of the Republic of Moldova but is a
Law on citizenship of the Republic of Moldo- descendent of those who were born on its terri-
va No. 1024-XIV of July 2, 2000, can confirm tory; the copy of the birth certificate of one of the
citizenship of the Republic of Moldova in any parents or grandparents or the certificate of per-
territorial Office of Population Registration manent residence, which confirms the residence
of the applicant or of his parents or grandparents
and Documentation by having the respec- on the territory of Bessarabia, Northern Bucovi-
na, Herta regions and in MSSR before June 28,
Identification of people who have come of age
122
1940, if the applicant has reason to obtain citi-
and have not been documented before with zenship of the Republic of Moldova on the given
identity cards, or their identity is impossible on ground; certificate from the place of residence
the basis of the documents issued before, their which confirms the applicants residence at the
identity is determined by the affidavit of one of date of June 23, 1990 on the territory of the Re-
the parents, legal guardians or other relatives public of Moldova up to present, if the applicant
of the I-III degree. In the case, when the identi- has reason to obtain citizenship of the Republic
fication is done by relatives of II-III degree, it is of Moldova on the given ground; certificate from
required to additionally submit other supporting the competent authority which confirms depor-
documents issued by a local authority or other tation or refuge of the applicant or of his parents
government agency, which possesses informa- or grandparents from the territory of the Repu-
tion about the given person (military card, pen- blic of Moldova starting with June 28, 1940, if the
sioner card, certificate from the place of studies applicant has reason to obtain citizenship of the
or workplace, etc. if they contribute to establi- Republic of Moldova on this ground.
shing the identity of the person).
352
CHAPTER I

Although, measures to ensure the con- tution from the outset, this equally refers to
firmation of citizenship and documentation any ruling, decision, sentence pronounced by
of the population from Trandniestria have the courts illegally established in the given re-
been taken at legislative level, there is no gion. Thus, any collaboration and co-working
simplified procedure of confirming citizen- of legal nature and proposals of legal solu-
ship of the Republic of Moldova for the citi- tions with the Transdniestrian structures are
zens with permanent residence in Transdni- unacceptable.
estria. Thus, citizens are forced to obtain two
According to the Directives of the Gen- court decisions on the same fact: one deci-
eral Directorate of Civil Status No. 01/824, sion ruled by the Transdniestrian court and
the civil status offices from Anenii Noi, Cri- one ruled by the constitutional court. In
uleni, Rezina, Sntuca, tefan-Vod issue these circumstances, in 2012, the Bender
duplicates of civil status certificates on the Court with headquarters in Varnita ruled
basis of the copies of civil status documents on 297 decisions on the annulment of mar-
recorded by the civil status bodies from riage, 29 on termination of parental rights
Transdniestria to inhabitants from Grigorio- and 18 on child adoption.
pol, Rbnia, Bender, Tiraspol, Camenca and This procedure is not applicable in the
Slobozia. In 2012, about 5,000 inhabitants situation when the child, adopted on the ba-
from Transdniestria received such duplicates sis of a Trandniestrian court ruling, wishes to
from Varnita Civil Status Office. obtain national identity card as citizen of the
On September 15, 2006, the General Di- Republic of Moldova after the age of 18. Un-
rectorate of Civil Status issued methodologi- der article 10 of the Law on the legal status
cal letter No. 06-1863 by which requested of adoption, the constitutional court will re-
the civil status offices not to recognize the ject the application for approval of adoption
civil status documents drawn up or amend- if the adoptable child has already turned 18.
ed on the basis of Transdniestrian court rul- After the ombudsmens appeal to the
ings. vice-prime minister with prerogatives in
In these circumstances, the citizens be- issues of country reintegration, the latter
gan to appeal to constitutional courts for made requests to the Ministry of Labour, So-
confirming the facts that have legal value. cial Protection and Family and the Ministry
By letter No. 260/2 of 6/04/2007, ad- of Justice in which he revealed the urgent
dressed to the General Directorate of Civil need to initiate the procedure for amending
Status of the Ministry of Informational De- the legislation in this respect, in order to liq-
velopment and to Bender Court, the Su- uidate the legislative gaps impeding law en-
preme Court of Justice expressed its official forcement related to the protection of rights
position on judicial decisions adopted by of persons from Transdniestria, especially
Transdniestrian courts: the court decisions the childrens rights regarding adoption,
made by Transdniestrian courts cannot be rec- guardianship, termination of parental rights,
ognized as legal in the Republic of Moldova, and deciding the childs residence place. So
as they are made by unconstitutional courts. far, the given ministries have not taken steps
We believe that the practice of recognizing the to approach the vice-ministers appeal.
facts that have legal value is not acceptable
either, in the case when the same illegal court Conclusion
decisions serve as argument (evidence).
The new mechanisms for human rights
Subsequently, on April 10, 2012, the Su- protection are designed to offer an alterna-
perior Council of Magistracy adopted deci- tive vision on the social processes occurring
sion No. 209/14, according to which any in the Trandniestrian region and strengthen
document issued by the self-proclaimed Trans- the existing instruments to ensure funda-
dniestrian authorities contravene the Consti- mental right and freedoms.
353
Therefore, it is imperative to place em- Government Decision No. 1178 of October

phasis on negotiations for the protection of 31, 2007, including the creation of the work-
human rights and fundamental freedoms in ing group for human rights.
the Trandniestrian region. The manner and In the context of the above said, the om-
depth, in which this problem will be solved, budsmen reiterate that the decisions of the
will undoubtedly influence the develop- European Court for Human Rights indicate
ment and strengthening of human rights to the positive obligation of the state to pro-
protection in the given region, and ulti- tect its citizens, an obligation which persists
mately improve the rule of law and respect even when the states exercise of authority
for democracy. is limited on part of its territory, so the state
The cooperation relations established has the obligation to take all appropriate
with international organizations involved in measures in its power124.
the settlement of the Transdniestrian con- The ombudsmen are convinced that a
flict, including the participants in the 5+2 broader approach of the spectrum of rela-
format, are, in the opinion of ombudsmen, tions generated by the Trandniestrian con-
some of the states right solutions to ensure flict on the line of actions of international
the observance of human rights and funda- partners of the Republic of Moldova will sig-
mental freedoms on the territory of Transd- nificantly contribute to ensuring the guaran-
niestria. However, the dynamics and results tee of human rights and fundamental free-
of the consultations, within this format, doms on the territory on the left bank of the
determines the need for future clear strate- Dniester.
gies, the revision and adoption of the sec-
tor working groups strategy, approved by Ilascu and others vs. Moldova and Russia case
124
354
CHAPTER II
The activity of the Ombudsman and of the Advisory Council members under the provisions of the Optional
Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
CHAPTER II
The activity of the Ombudsman and of

the Advisory Council members under
the provisions of the Optional Protocol
to the Convention against Torture and
Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or
Punishment
Introduction
Torture is one of the most serious human inadequate training of the staff or lack of a
rights violations. It destroys the dignity, the monitoring system.
body and the spirit of the victims and has In 2012, the National Preventive Mecha-
negative effects on their families and the nism against Torture (NPMT) made 251 visits
community. Despite absolute prohibition of to detention places. The fact that circum-
torture under international law, in isolated stances, which could be qualified as inhu-
cases, it continues to be applied, especially man or degrading treatment, continue to
in places outside public scrutiny. be found in the visited detention places is
Risk of torture and other ill treatment extremely worrying. However, the prompt
is everywhere. In some democratic states, reaction of the administration of the majority
national security interests prevail over the of penitentiaries and police commissariats to
principles of human rights observance in the recommendations made by the NPMT, as
the context of the fight against terrorism, result of the visits, is welcomed. This fact, in
policies of the iron hand against criminality, our opinion, encourages cooperation in the
and the means used to obtain confessions. spirit of dialogue and understanding.
Monitoring the places of detention by Mechanism against Torture still faces
conducting regular and ad hoc visits repre- many challenges. To achieve the basic objec-
sents one of the most effective ways of pre- tive of the Mechanism, and namely, the pre-
venting detainees torture and ill-treatment. vention of torture, it is essential to regularly
The reason for the introduction of con- visit all detention places from the Republic of
tinuous monitoring of places of detention, Moldova (about 70 institutions125). This task
which are by definition with restricted access is impossible to carry out without sufficient
for the public, is that detainees are exposed human and financial resources, without a
to the risk of torture. Ill-treatment can result, distinct subdivision within the Centre for Hu-
inter alia, from the national penal policy, man Rights.
because of lack of financial resources to cre-
ate adequate conditions of detention, from The figure does not include the number of mili-
125
tary units.
355
CHAPTER II
The visit of UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and other Cruel,

Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
The members of UN Subcommittee on held in order to discuss the working meth-

Prevention of Torture and other Cruel, Inhu- ods and to examine the ways of improving
man or Degrading Treatment or Punishment the efficiency of NPMT. The members of the
visited the Republic of Moldova in the pe- Subcommittee together with representa-
riod October 1-4, 2012. The visit was made tives of NPMT visited Penitentiary No. 13
to consult and assist the National Preventive from Chisinau and IMPS Psychiatric Clinical
Mechanism against Torture in building its ca- Hospital.
pacity and strengthening the mandate. An- Based on the visit, the members of the
other objective of the visit was to assess the UN Subcommittee wrote and transmitted to
resources needed to reinforce the protection the National Preventive Mechanism against
of persons deprived of liberty against torture Torture a report in which a number of rec-
and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treat- ommendations are made, including its pub-
ment. lication. The Ombudsmen agreed with the
During the visit, the members of the Sub- members of the Advisory Board and decided
committee met officials from the Ministry of that the UN Subcommittee Report should
Justice, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Euro- be made public and placed it on the web-
pean Integration, the Ministry of Internal Af- page of the Centre for Human Rights from
fairs, the General Prosecutions Office, Minis- Moldova126.
try of Health, Ministry of Defence, members In order to ensure continuous dialogue
of the Parliament, and representatives of the and direct contact with the NPMT, the UN
civil society. Given that one of the main ob- Subcommittee requested to be informed on
jectives of this visit was to offer consultative the actions taken to implement the recom-
assistance to the National Preventive Mecha- mendations contained in the report by July
nism against Torture, a number of meetings 9, 2013.
with the members of the Advisory Council
and with the employees of the CHR were http://www.ombudsman.md/md/tematice/
126
The methodology of visits

In order to protect the persons against or any cruel, inhuman or degrading treat-
torture and other cruel, inhuman or de- ments or punishments.
grading treatments and punishments, the In all visited by the NPMT institutions,
Ombudsman, the members of the Advisory the same methodology is applied. First,
Council and other people, who may accom- the composition of the group of monitors
pany them, make regular preventive vis- is determined, so as to ensure the required
its to places, where are, or may be persons capacities and professional knowledge in
deprived of freedom. These visits have sev- accordance with OPCAT requirements. The
eral functions: preventive, direct protection, visiting team usually consists of at least
documentation, a basis for dialogue with the 3 persons, including one with the role of
authorities in charge of detention facilities. group coordinator. The visit usually lasts one
It should be noted that under article 21, day and depends on the size of the visited
paragraph 1 of OPCAT, it is prohibited to or- institution and the problems at the site. The
der, apply, permit or tolerate any sanction other stages of the visit include the initial dis-
against any person or organization for hav- cussion with the administration, the visit of
ing communicated any information, whether the rooms, individual and group discussions
true or false, to the Ombudsman, the mem- with prisoners, discussions with the staff, ex-
bers of the Advisory Council or any other amination of registers and other documents,
persons who accompany them, when they and final discussion with the administration.
exercise the function of preventing torture
356
CHAPTER II
Cameras and 4 in 1 Voltcraft environment against Torture. The reports on the made vis-
measurement devices, which give compara- its are submitted to the administration of the
tive measurements of lighting, humidity, visited institutions, and where appropriate
acoustics and temperature, are used during to the hierarchically higher institutions. The
the visits. provisions of Article 22 of OPCAT require that
The report on the results of the visits in- competent authorities of the state examine
cludes information about the material condi- the recommendations of the NPMT and en-
tions of detention and about the situation ter into dialogue with it on possible imple-
on observance of human rights related to mentation measures. The implementation
distinct aspects such as catering, medical of the recommendations is verified mainly
care, regime and activities, etc. The report through correspondence and the monitor-
contains the conclusions and recommenda- ing of the term for submitting the reply.
tions of the National Preventive Mechanism
Visits made in 2012

In 2012, the NPMT made 251 visits, out ombudsmen and CHR employees; 10 visits
of which 12 to monitor the degree of imple- by the members of the Advisory Council
mentation of the prior recommendations of and 6 visits the members of the Advisory
the Mechanism. Most visits were made in the Council together with CHR employees and
institutions subordinated to the Ministry of ombudsmen.
Internal Affairs (155 visits). Also, visits were According to the provisions of section 45
made to penitentiaries (60), to military units of the Regulation on Human Rights Centre
within the Armed Forces (27), to psychiat-
from Moldova127, the representatives of
ric hospitals (3) and psycho-neurological
the institution are in charge of making regu-
homes (6).
lar preventive visits to places, where there
The visits made by the NPMT in 2012 are are, or may be persons deprived of liberty.
shown in the figure below according to the Thus, they made a total of 234 visits: the em-
type of visited institutions and the number ployees of the branch in Balti 66 visits, the
of visits in (%). branch in Comrat 85 visits, the branch in
The visits were made by the CHR em- Cahul 83 visits, the central office 17 visits.
ployees, ombudsmen and members of
the Advisory Council, depending on their Approved by Parliament Decision No. 57 of
127
avail-ability: 225 visits were made by the 20/03/2008
The table below gives an overview of all the visited places by NPMT in the period 2008 2012.
Total
Type of visited
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 (2008-
institution
2012)
institutions
* 73 83 155 155 466
subordinated to the MIA
institutions
* 44 39 70 6 213
subordinated to MJ
institutions
* 6 2 4 3 15
subordinated to MH
institutions
* 6 6
subordinated to MLSPF
Military units within AF * 2 2 9 27 40
Total 43 125 126 238 251 783
*no separate data have been collected
357
CHAPTER II
No. of visits No. of visits No. of visits No. of visits

Year
Bli Branch Comrat Branch Cahul Branch Central Office
2010 22 9 53 31
2011 25 67 80 55
2012 66 85 83 17
The number of visits made by the graph 1, letter b); 3 proposals were forward-
branches increased due to the acquisition, ed to improve the activity of the administra-
with the support of European Union Delega- tion. Also, two proposals for the amendment
tion to the Republic of Moldova, of 3 cars at of the Criminal Code and Criminal Procedure
the end of 2011. Thus, they have proved to Code were formulated.
be effective and significantly contributed to The activities of CHR and of the members
carrying out the NPMT tasks. of the Advisory Council in combating the
With the increasing number of visits phenomenon of torture and ill treatment, in
made to the mentioned institutions, an in- order to improve the conditions in which the
creased number of reaction acts of the om- persons with limited personal freedom are
budsmen is observed, including proposals detained and to train certain professional
for improving the administrative work. Thus, groups, contributed to reducing the number
during the year, pursuant to article 27 of the of petitions addressed to the ombudsmen
Law on Ombudsman, 29 notices were issued by people who allege abuses on behalf of
under article 28, paragraph 1, letter b); 13 state agents (see the chapter CHR Activity
requests were made under article 29, para- in figures).
Reaction acts
Total
Type of reaction 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
(2008-2012)
Notices (art.27 of Law No.
2 11 34 28 35 110
1349 on Ombudsman)
Recommendations (art.29
p.(1) letter b) of Law No. 1349 4 3 7
on Ombudsman i)
Requests (art.28 p (1)
13
letter b) of Law No. 1349 on 2 17 17 9 58
Ombudsman)
Proposals to amend the
2 2
legal framework
Total 4 28 51 41 53 177
358
CHAPTER II
1. Institutions under the Ministry of Internal Affairs
General aspects and other inhuman and degrading treat-
ment and reduce the incidence of cases of
A democratic society shows its desire
torture and other ill treatment applied to
for order and freedom, which are two great
persons in prosecution custody through
hopes of the people.
a series of events specified in the Plan; to
According to some opinions, respect for point out the cases when the employees
human rights is somewhat inconsistent with of internal affairs bodies used inhuman
the law enforcement means, meaning that or degrading treatment on detainees; to
breaking the law is sometimes unavoidable, provide a unique record of cases of mis-
such as, for example, use of physical or psy- treatment, inhuman or degrading treat-
chological pressure in order to obtain infor- ment applied by the MIA employees; to
mation or excessive use of force to perform consolidate the National Preventive Mech-
an arrest. This way of thinking is unaccept- anism against Torture by informing the
able and cannot be tolerated, as respect for employees of subdivisions, where there are
human rights by police employees is a re- persons deprived of freedom, on the com-
quirement in law enforcement. Violation of petences, prerogatives and rights of the
human rights, and especially of ill-treatment, members of the Advisory Council in its ca-
decreases the efficiency and diminishes the pacity as National Preventive Mechanism
role of police in the difficult process of exer- against Torture.
cising professional duties.
Prevention of ill-treatment in the insti-
Using physical force and means of re- tutions under the MIA is one of the primary
straint, under the law, are extreme measures tasks of the NPMT. Thus, 155 visits to 28 out
and their application requires satisfactory of 43 Police Commissariats were made in
arguments. In this context, it should be men- 2012.
tioned that the international human rights
During the year, 8,708 people, compared
standards on police work serve as a source
to 7,996 in 2012, were detained in the insti-
of guidance in the performance of police-
tutions subordinated to the police. Of this
mens duties. It is the task of the Ministry of
number, 642 persons were detained for
Internal Affairs to permanently familiarize
the employees with the main international atonement of administrative arrest129 under
instruments governing human rights and the provisions of article 313, paragraph 3
with the provisions of the national legal acts, of the Enforcement Code130. Like before, in
so that they are able to use them in their dai- 2012, the authorities have not taken steps
ly activity. to build houses of arrest, whose operation
is stipulated in the Law on the penitentiary
Given the need to eradicate any type of system No. 1036 of 17/12/1996. In the opin-
abuse by the police, the inclusion of some ion of the ombudsmen, the detention of
specific objectives, to mitigate torture and
persons in such institutions would reduce
other inhuman or degrading treatment in
the phenomenon of torture, due to the pos-
the Action Plan on Human Rights of the MIA
sibility to avoid the direct contact between
for the period 2012-2014128, is welcomed.
the arrested persons and the inspectors of
They read:
criminal police.
to build the capacity to prevent and
combat torture and other ill-treatment
Informative note on the results of DIJ of DGPOP
129
through organizing training courses for
of DP of MIA of the Republic of Moldova during
the employees of prosecution bodies; to 12 months of the year 2012
effectively investigate cases of torture The execution of preventive arrest is done by
130
penitentiaries, including the pre-trial isolators of

MIA Plan 2012-2012 Human Rights, www.mai.
128
the Penitentiary Institutions Department of the
gov.md Ministry of Justice
359
CHAPTER II
It is a positive thing that the detention porary detention facilities of the Ministry
of persons, detained or arrested for a period of Internal Affairs. However, the experience
exceeding 72 hours, is no longer allowed shows that being kept in police custody for a
in the majority of police commissariats. long period, as well as the lack of strict regu-
On the expiry of such a term, the persons in lations on recording the access of persons
police custody are transferred, as a rule, to to police premises, contribute to the per-
penitentiaries. As exception from the gen- petuation of ill-treatment. For this reason,
eral rule, the detention of persons in pre- the strategy on preventive visits to police
ventive arrest131 still happens in some police commissariats was modified within the ac-
commissariats. Thus, this term exceeds 10 tivity of the NPMT in 2012. The members of
days in Chiinu, Soroca, Bli, and Comrat. the working group focus their attention on
The transfer of the preventive detention monitoring temporary detention facilities,
prerogative from the subordination of the as well as of the offices of police employ-
Ministry of Internal Affairs into the subordi- ees. Making preventive visits to police sta-
nation of the Ministry of Justice, the valid- tions outside the police commissariats is a
ity and legality of holding the arrested and priority.
detained persons in the institutions subor- A matter of efficiency of the NPMT is to
dinated to the Ministry of Justice is a highly ensure unrestricted access of its members
debated issue in the context of implementa- to information on the number of arrested
tion of the Strategy of Reforming the Peni- persons in detention places pursuant to
tentiary System132, of the National Action article 4 of OPCAT, as well as the number
Plan on Human Rights for 2011-2014, and of these places and their location. In 2012,
of the amendment of the regulatory frame- we did not encounter difficulties related to
work governing the operation of institutions access to places of detention and informa-
that provide the detention of persons. Up to tion, with the exception of some isolated
now, there is no common policy that would cases. Thus, the head of remand centre of
determine the status of the police tempo- the police commissariat from Ceadir-Lunga
rary detention facilities, there are no rules forbade access to the cells of the isolator
that would regulate the registration and ac- by arguing the inefficiency of the visit. An-
cess of persons on the premises of the po- other case took place on 24.02.2012 at the
lice buildings, the rules of food supply and Police Commissariat of the Centre sector
personal hygiene of the detainees in police of Chisinau when the guard employees re-
custody are nor regulated and observed, fused to submit the record registers. These
rules for the inmates in the penitentiaries. incidents demonstrate that, in spite of the
The rules that would regulate the procedure made efforts, the police employees are not
of transferring the arrested persons from sufficiently informed about the legal pro-
penitentiaries to police temporary deten- visions that regulate the activity of NPMT.
tion facilities are not set either. This creates Moreover, the ombudsmen and the CHR
prerequisites for the persistence of torture employees periodically organize, at request,
and other ill-treatment coming from the po- thematic trainings for different professional
licemen. groups, including the staff of police commis-
We welcome the MIA initiative to devel- sariats.
op an Instruction on the operation of tem-
Conditions of detention in temporary
remand centres
Enforcement Code, article 303, paragraph (1):
131
persons to whom preventive arrest is applied are During the visits made in 2012, it was
held in penitentiaries.
found that in some institutions under MIA,
Action Plan for 2004-2020 on the implementa-
132
the conditions of detention in the tempo-
tion of the Concept of reforming the peniten-
tiary system, Government Decision No. 624 of rary remand centres are better than in the
31.12.2004, M.O. No. 13-13/101 of 16.01.2004 penitentiaries with the status of prosecution
360
CHAPTER II
remand centre under the Ministry of Justice. temporary detention facilities during their
The General Police Commissariat of the city visits; the quality and quantity of food sup-
Chisinau, Nisporeni CPR (Rayon Police Com- ply to detainees in police custody; the ap-
missariat), Teleneti CPR, Orhei CPR serve as propriateness and quality of medical care.
examples. MIA must make efforts to ensure The detention conditions found in 2012
detention conditions in the rest of police have not radically changed from those
commissariats. The situation is alarming in found by CPT in 1998. There are 8 10 cells
Comrat CPR, Soroca CPR, Causeni CPR, and in the majority of the operating temporary
Bender CPR. detention facilities, Of these, only 2-5 cells,
It should be mentioned that the activity repaired back in 2010, are used for deten-
of the European Committee for the Preven- tion, with the exception of Police Commis-
tion of Torture (CPT) is conceived as integral sariats from Chisinau, Balti, Comrat and
part of the human rights protection system Causeni where the number of used cell is
of the Council of Europe. The CPT puts into higher due to the operation of regional
action a proactive extrajudicial mechanism courts of appeals.
alongside with an existing reactive judicial The temporary detention centre of Chi-
mechanism of the European Court for Hu- sinau General Police Directorate (6 Tighina
man Rights. Its activity in this domain is cru- street) was opened on February 9, 2012.
cial and is used by ECHR when violation of It was renovated with the support of the
article 3 of ECHR by the signatory states is Council of Europe and European Union. The
found. modernization of the centre was made ac-
In the first report as a follow-up of CPT cording to the current standards, the cost of
visit to the Republic of Moldova in the pe- works amounting to 250,000 euro. The cells
riod October 11-21, 1998, the following were designed so as to allow adequate light-
recommendation was made: all police cells ing and ventilation. The cells are equipped
should be clean, with reasonable spacing for with comfortable beds and new linens.
the persons supposed to co-live, have satisfac- There are sanitary areas and sinks with con-
tory lighting for reading and adequate venti- stant water supply and toilets that ensure
lation; the cells should benefit of daylight. In privacy. The video cameras installed in the
addition, they should be set in such a way as to cells ensure the safety of the persons found
allow the detainees to rest (i.e. to have a chair in the isolator.
or bench), and the persons obliged to stay in Although in 2010, in the majority of tem-
custody overnight should be provided with a porary detention facilities a large number of
sofa and clean blankets. The persons deprived cells were repaired with the support of the
of liberty should be able to meet their physi- Government, in Police Commissariats from
ological needs in the desired time in clean and Comrat, Ceadr-Lunga, Basarabeasca, and
decent conditions; they should have adequate Rcani there were cases when the detainees
conditions for personal hygiene. These persons were placed in unrepaired cells. The Om-
should have access to drinking water and food budsman, in its capacity of NPMT, expressed
at regular hours, including a full meal at least concern about holding people in unrepaired
once per day. The restrained persons for more cells and recommended to seal them.
than 24 hours should have walks in the open
air to the extent possible133. Another issue, which continues to be
treated with indifference by the authorities,
Based on the provisions contained in
is the alimentation of the people in police
CPT standards, the members of the monitor-
custody. At present, food supply of the de-
ing group of the NPMT focused on check-
tainees in temporary detention facilities
ing the material conditions in the cells of
subordinated to the MIA is done by conclud-
ing contracts with local economic agents,
Report addressed to the Republic of Moldo-
133
va on CPT visit made on October 11.10.1998-

according to Government Decision No. 609
21.10.1998, Strasbourg, 14.12.2000, p. 19 of 29/05/2006 On the approval of minimum
361
CHAPTER II
daily meals to detainees and of detergents. remanded, persons held for administrative
The daily amount of food is set at the price offences; sentenced to imprisonment, in
of not less than 15 lei, 3 meals per day. the cases when it is necessary to provide
Implementation of Government Decision preventive, security or protection measures
No. 609 for food supply to the persons held for them, as well as persons for whom the
in temporary detention facilities subordi- initial punishment in the form of a fine or
nated to the MIA is based on the provisions unpaid community work was replaced by
of article 435, paragraph 6 of the Contraven- imprisonment.
tion Code. According to them, the detained
person is provided with at least the condi- Aspects related to prevention of torture
tions stipulated in the Enforcement Code
of the Republic of Moldova for the persons Any person has the right to physical and
subjected to preventive detention mea- mental integrity. Ill-treatment of persons in
sures. The provisions of article 306, para- custody of state authorities, including of the
graph 1 of the Enforcement Code, which police, is strictly prohibited. The national leg-
stipulate the provisions of Chapter XXII of islation and international standards prohibit
the present Code related to the detention torture in absolute terms, even when fight-
conditions, are correspondingly applied to ing with terrorism and organized crime134.
the persons under custody in the manner The most vulnerable are the persons de-
that do not contravene the provisions of the tained by the police. The risk of their being
given title. But the conditions and norms for subjected to maltreatment persists from the
providing food to the persons from prisons first moments after arrest. Equally vulner-
are not entirely applicable to the remand able are those who are interviewed in the
persons held in temporary detention facili- police offices in the absence of a lawyer.
ties subordinated to the Ministry of Internal
Affairs. It is namely for these reasons and fol-
lowing the CPT recommendations, that 3
The problem of food supply still remains guarantees for detained persons were set
current for the remand persons in the pe- up, which have also been included in the
riod when they are escorted from prison to Instructions on the operation of temporary
police stations or to courts for criminal pros- detention facilities:
ecution or participation in court hearings.
Another component of proper treat- 1. The right to notify detention to a third
ment of detainees in police custody is pro- chosen party (a member of the family,
viding a minimum medical care. The guaran- a friend);
tee of being examined by a doctor is one of 2. Right to have access to a lawyer;
the three guarantees meant to prevent tor- 3. The right to request medical care, in-
ture and ill-treatment. In the majority police cluding by an independent physician.
stations, there are employed medical assis-
tants, but at present their activity is mostly As part of NPMT activity and as outcome
a formality. The issue regarding the medical of analysing the petitions addressed to the
examination of the detained persons out- prosecution bodies, 7 requests for examin-
side the working hours of the medical per- ing the opportunity to initiate criminal cases
sonnel or during the night is still persisting. on maltreatment by police or DIP employees
However, some police stations do not have were made, three out of seven requests re-
employed medical assistants and in the sulted in filing criminal investigations.
cases when the detained persons complain According to the synthesis information
of health problems, the medical emergency of the General Prosecutors Office, the fol-
service is called. lowing torture-related situation is relevant
The existing problems related to health for the last 3 years:
care could be definitely solved after the con-
struction of arrest houses, meant for holding Corsacov vs. Moldova
134
362
CHAPTER II
Category of notifications registered under the articles
of the Criminal Code
Art. 368
Art. 328
Period Art. Art. Art. (with Art.
p. (2) and Total
1661 309 3091 application 370
(3)
of violence)
2010 19 284 491 2 32 828
2011 23 295 587 26 7 958
2012 9 18 391 509 37 6 970
An effective means of collecting data sentenced to conditional suspension of the
on ill-treatment is the hot-line, a service sentence, a person was fined.
established by territorial and specialized In this context, the prosecutors stress the
prosecution bodies (51 hotlines involving need to prioritize the professional training
in this activity 70 prosecutors). Information of police officers and urge them to refuse
about the operation of this service was pub- the application of maltreatment; to conduct
lished in the local newspapers, displayed on on-going relevant training that would inte-
the premises of the local government estab- grate the human rights principles as an im-
lishment and placed on the website of the portant component of the strategy for the
Prosecutor Generals Office. prevention of maltreatment.135
According to an analyses, conducted by The role of prosecutors related to the
prosecutors, in most cases, police employ- effective investigation of cases of alleged
ees resort to the use of violence in order torture is essential. They are obliged to
to obtain confessions from people or self- thoroughly investigate the alleged cases of
denouncements. Such actions are also gen- torture having as task to find the truth, the
erated by tendencies to obtain favourable perpetrators, the consequences of maltreat-
statistical indices related to crime discovery. ment cases, both physical and mental. In
Of the total number of notifications on 2012, under the aegis of the National Insti-
application of torture and ill-treatment, the tute of Justice through the Joint Program
actions that are based on the application of the Council of Europe and the European
of blows with the hands and feet prevail Union, a number of seminars on strengthen-
about 66 % of complaints. About 11 % of ing measures to combat maltreatment and
notifications refer to the abusive application impunity, were conducted for the prosecu-
of special means, the use of guns, special tors specialized in investigating cases of tor-
equipment, other objects (sticks, water bot- ture.
tles, books). The maltreatment of persons In 2012, a number of amendments to the
ended in most cases with minor or mild in- Criminal Code, the Code of Criminal Proce-
juries; in 25 cases with average injuries and dure, the Enforcement Code and other nor-
in 5 cases with serious for the health injuries. mative acts were made in order to perform
In 2012, criminal proceedings were initi- the commitments made by the ratification
ated in 140 cases (in 2011, 108 cases were of the international treaties against torture,
initiated); 46 criminal cases on application inhuman and degrading treatment, so as
of ill-treatment were submitted with indict- to eliminate the existing deficiencies in this
ment to court (in 2011 - 36 cases). respect at legislative level.
With reference to the statistics of the
examination of cases in court, in 2012 un-
der article 3091 of the Criminal Code, 13 Informative note of Prosecutor Generals Office
135
for the year 2012 on statistical data on the work

sentences were pronounced on 30 persons. of the prosecutor in charge of investigating cases
Of these, 5 sentences were pronounced on of torture and ill-treatment in regional and speci-
10 police officers. All those convicted were alized prosecution institutions.
363
CHAPTER II
The modifications introduced by Law Although the member of the Advisory

No. 66 of 05/04/2012 are worth apprecia- Council, who made the visit, knew for cer-
tion. According to these, section 31 was in- tain that the remand was on the premises
troduced in article 143 of the Code of Crimi- of Chishinau GPC, when information on
nal Procedure. It establishes the obligation the given person was requested, the per-
to dispose of and to perform mandatory ex- son in charge at the Commissariat could
pertise to find out the mental, psychological not provide credible and clear information
and physical state of the person alleged of about F.A. s whereabouts. In conclusion,
having committed acts of torture, inhuman the deficiencies in the control of employee
or degrading treatment. activity on behalf of Chisinau GPC leaders,
Also, based on Law 252 of 08/11/2012, non-observance of the rules on the escort
article 147 of the Code of Criminal Proce- of remanded from one police establish-
dure was completed with section 11 which ment to another led to maltreatment of
stipulates that in cases of torture, complex the remanded.
expertise, forensic and psychological ex- Citizen V.P., resident of Balti, registered a
amination, and, where appropriate, other complaint at CHR in which he alleged that
forms of examination are mandatory. This after detention he was escorted to CPM Balti
provision will enable complex expertise, as and was maltreated by 3 police officers in
torture involves both physical and mental an office. The petitioner mentioned that he
damage. was undressed, cursed and threatened with
The introduction in the Criminal Code of death, hit with a bottle full of water on the
a new article Torture, inhuman or degrad- head, hung on an iron bar and raped with a
ing treatment (article 1661) is an additional wine bottle. Based on the complaint and the
reason for the police officers to understand examination, the ombudsman submitted
the inadmissibility of applying torture, as a notification but the Prosecutors Office in
the penalties for such acts of torture involve Balti decided against criminal proceedings.
real punishment by imprisonment. On September 11, 2012, the employees
The notifications received by the Centre of CPR Briceni escorted the minor S.V. from
for Human Rights in 2012 demonstrate the the gymnasium of the village Criva, Briceni
veracity of the conclusions of the National district to the police station in the village
Preventive Mechanism against Torture on Drepcauti. Here he was maltreated by a po-
the persistence of the phenomenon of tor- liceman being forced to admit having com-
ture and ill-treatment in the institutions un- mitted a theft. The ombudsman submitted a
der the MIA. notification on the given case. The Prosecu-
tors Office from Briceni decided not to initi-
During a preventive visit made by a
ate prosecution. However, the prosecution
member of the Advisory Council to the
established irregularities in the policemens
General Police Commissariat in Chisinau
action abuse of power, in connection with
on January 20, 2012, there appeared rea-
the fact that under article 270, paragraph 1,
sonable suspicions in connection with
section 1) letter h) of the Code of Criminal
maltreatment of citizen F.A., resident of
Procedure, in the case of crimes committed
a suburb in Chisinau. From the accounts
by minors, investigations are conducted by
of his relatives, he was beaten inside the
prosecutors.
office of the police officers and forced to
admit a crime he did not commit. Im- The lack of strict procedures for the reg-
mediately after the first interview, which istration of persons brought to the police
took place in the absence of a lawyer, citi- stations creates premises for the person to
zen F.A. was transferred to the temporary be subjected to torture and maltreatment.
detention centre of Anenii Noi CPR, the Thus, on November 15, 2012, citizen A.G.
reason for this being the repair works in was attacked by an unknown person. Only
the detention centre from Chisinau GPC. after being felled to the ground, handcuffed
364
CHAPTER II
and kicked across the body, he realized that paragraph 1, article 287/1 of the Code of
he was attacked by policemen. He was es- Criminal Procedure on the ground that the
corted to the police station from the town persons, who might be accused, were not
Singera, where he was beaten by the police- identified.
men and forced to admit committing a theft In the prosecution of these cases, a lot
of goods. He was hit by a policeman for the of prosecution work was carried out, but be-
reason that the policemans watch broke at cause the persons, who acted illegally, had
the moment of arrest. At present, the cir- hoods on their heads or the victims were
cumstances of the case are being investi- tortured while they were up against the
gated by the prosecution. wall, or with the head bent, the perpetrators
Torture and ill-treatment applied by could not be identified.
police officers continues to be a dangerous It is namely on such facts, the use of vio-
phenomenon in the Republic of Moldova. lence in police stations by persons who can-
It is important to acknowledge that torture not be identified, that 4 criminal proceed-
entails negative consequences both for the ings were initiated under paragraph 1, ar-
victims and for the persons that use such ticle 329 of the Criminal Code negligence
practices in their professional activity. In this at work committed by decision-makers of
context, the National Preventive Mechanism police commissariats from Chisinau GPC and
against Torture has not only the mission to Centre, Buiucani, Ciocana sector police sta-
make ad hoc visits to the establishments tions; 3 of them were submitted with indict-
under the police, but also to promote zero ment in court.
tolerance of torture, inhuman and degrad- The prosecutors requested provisional
ing ill-treatment. suspension from office of 14 employees of
108 notifications have been registered the MIA on the examined criminal cases. At
and examined concerning complaints and the moment, this measure of constraint fol-
denunciations of the participants in April lows to be applied to only 9 defendants; 5
2009 protests on alleged cases of torture, of the accused contested and the courts sat-
punishment, inhuman or degrading treat- isfied their contestations. Prosecution was
ment by the police officers. Prosecutors took finalized with indictment and submitted to
action on opening investigations in 31 of court in 28 criminal cases against 45 police-
these cases. men.
As result of judicial examination, tri-
Having made investigations under Ar-
al courts have ruled different sentences
ticle 274 of the Code of Criminal Procedure
against 34 policemen in 19 criminal cases (in
(including after rechecking the materials re-
two cases the files were joined in one pro-
jected by the Department against Torture),
ceeding).
a total of 71 criminal cases were initiated, as
follows: Conviction sentences were pro-
nounced on 5 cases against 14 po-
42 cases under article 3091of the licemen;
Criminal Code; A sentence for the termination of
19 cases under article 328, para- the case was pronounced on one
graph 2, letter a) of the Criminal case against one policemen;
Code; Acquittal sentences were pro-
10 cases under other categories of nounced on 13 cases against 20 po-
offense. licemen.
Following the corroboration of all col- Of these sentences, 3 court rulings be-
lected evidence, it was decided to dismiss came irrevocable, 4 persons were acquitted
and terminate prosecution in only 8 cases. on this ground.
In the other 25 cases, the prosecutors In 5 cases, the sentences were reversed
suspended prosecution under section 2), by the courts of appeal, thus it was pro-
365
CHAPTER II
nounced: 3 conviction rulings against 5 per- The court of appeals also annulled 2 ac-
sons (2 acquittal sentences were annulled, quittal sentences against 2 police officers
and one conviction with the acquittal of only and ruled their conviction.
one accused) and 2 rulings of termination of At present, the prosecutors continue the
proceedings against 5 persons (thus being investigations on 10 cases in which prosecu-
annulled one conviction sentence against 3 tion falls under article 3091of the Criminal
persons and one acquittal sentence against Code.
2 persons).
Recommendations:
To ensure compliance with legal provisions on detention on persons in preventive

arrest;
To ensure the rights of detainees, especially the right to inform relatives about
detention, the right to a lawyer and the right to be examined by a doctor;
To provide on-going training for police officers in terms of spreading the message of
zero tolerance of torture;
Provide psychological support to police officers in order to anticipate and avoid
psychological problems caused by professional stress;
Extend the installation of video surveillance system on the premises of all police
commissariats and police stations;
To build houses of arrest to ensure detention of the remanded.
366
CHAPTER II
2. Institutions under the Ministry of Justice
General aspects tices138 and a recommendation on improv-
Given the tasks assigned by law, the ing the work of the administration139 were
penitentiary system is not only a medium formulated and sent to the administration
for criminal penalties, exclusion of the guilty of penitentiaries. In the sent notices, a se-
individual, but also a place for humaniza- ries of recommendations were made on the
tion, in which the prisoner has to find the conditions of detention, medical assistance,
support needed to find effective solutions relations between the convicts and the ad-
of social reintegration after exit from deten- ministration, the material equipment of the
tion. Therefore, the execution of sentences penitentiaries. Thus, it appears that year by
aims to create in prisoners the will and skills, year the same problems remain unsolved in
which, after release, will enable them to live the penitentiary system, but which are in the
in respect for the law and develop the sense centre of attention of Ombudsman as NPMT:
of responsibility. Lack of adequate detention conditions;
The society needs prisons, social institu- Inadequate healthcare;
tions, which help reduce criminal behaviour. Overcrowded dormitories.
From this perspective, it can be deduced the In addition to the system problems listed
meaning of developing the penitentiary in- above, in 2012 for the first time, the issue
stitution, as a public service specialising in of irregular relations between the prison-
the recovery of those with serious or very ers was approached, especially the aspects
serious criminal behaviour. Its function related to a vulnerable group of prisoners
of specialized social assistance obviously the co-called humiliated prisoners.
weighs over the custodial one. In this con-
text, by adopting the Law on probation, the Article 27, paragraph .11) of the Law on Om-
138
legislative established a mechanism for the budsman No. 1349 of 17.10.1997: In its activity
control of persons in conflict with the crimi- of prevention of torture and other cruel, inhu-
nal law and their re-socialization, adaptation man or degrading treatment, the Ombudsman
shall submit to the authority or the correspon-
of persons released from prisons in order
ding person in charge his recommendations on
to prevent them from committing other the improvement of the behaviour towards the
crimes136. The ombudsmen expressed their persons deprived of liberty, on conditions of de-
opinion on the effectiveness of implement- tention and on torture prevention. In the case
ing this mechanism in a thematic report when the ombudsman does not agree with the
made in the period 2011-2012137. undertaken measures, it is entitled to appeal to
a hierarchically superior body for appropriate
In the Republic of Moldova there are cur- action for enforcement of the recommendations
rently 17 penitentiaries operating under the contained in its notice and/or to inform the pu-
Ministry of Justice (10 prisons of closed type, blic, including to disclose the name of the autho-
5 with the status of pre-trial detention facil- rized person, and act on behalf of that authority.
ity; 3 prisons of semi-closed type; 1 prison (2)The institution or the person in charge who
for medical purposes, 1 prison for women, 1 received the notice is bound to examine it within
a month and communicate the ombudsman in
prison for former law enforcement employ-
writing of the taken measures.
ees; 1 juvenile prison).
Article 29 of the Law on Ombudsman; based on
139
In 2012, 60 visits were made to 15 peni-
the analysis on violations of citizens constitutio-
tentiaries within the NPMT activity. nal rights and freedoms and on the results of the
Following these visits, under the provi- examination of the applications, as well as after
sions of the Law on Ombudsman, 12 no- making preventive visits to places, where there
are, or may be persons deprived of liberty, the
ombudsman is entitled to submit its objections
Law on Probation No. 8 of 14/02/2008.
136
and proposals to the central and local authorities
137 related to ensuring citizens constitutional rights
T E % 2 0 T E M AT I C E % 2 0 P D F / F I N A L % 2 0 R A - and freedoms and the improvement of the work
PORT%20probatiunea%20(1) of the administration.
367
CHAPTER II
Conditions of detention during a visit made to Penitentiary No. 13

Detention conditions have repeatedly from Chisinau, the former Minister of Justice
been described in the previous reports on of France, Robert Badinter publicly asked
the activity of ombudsman as NPMT140, in his counterpart from Moldova to close the
the reports on the visits made to penitentia- disciplinary cells in this prison. The Moldo-
ries by the members of the Advisory Council van Minister of Justice confirmed that the
and the CHR employees, and in CPT reports invoked conditions correspond to the medi-
after visits made to the Republic of Moldo- eval period, noting that the situation in de-
va141. Many of the imprisonment conditions tention places is a systemic problem. Accord-
have not considerably changed and serve as ing to the Minister, these problems are tar-
ground for prisoners complaints. geted by the Governmental Commission for
strategic planning and in the future actions
According to the official data, only with
would be taken to remedy them. Moreover,
respect to prison conditions found in peni-
to meet the conditions of detention of pris-
tentiary No. 13 in Chisinau, as being contrary
oners and persons under persecution, the
to article 3 of ECHR, the European Court
disciplinary cells within Penitentiary No. 13
ruled on 11 judgements with penalties in
from Chisinau were closed143. But the prison
the amount of 120,600 euro142.
continues to operate up to now and there
In spite of this, the Department of Peni- is no premise to believe that in the nearest
tentiary Institutions characterized the de future its activity will be suspended.
facto situation as relatively satisfactory, due
The living spaces for the prisoners in the
to the increase of funds allocated for the im-
majority of prisons are of the type barrack
plementation of the measures of the Plan on
with a capacity of 20 30 beds. The co-ex-
Achievement of the Reform Concept in the
istence of a large number of prisoners in a
Penitentiary System. Thus, if in 2009 the fi-
common space creates preconditions of hi-
nancial resources allocated covered 1.4 % of
erarchical relations among them, a fact that
the needs in this aim, in the following years
prompted the ombudsman to study this is-
they increased: in 2010 4.2 %, in 2011 9.9
sue more profoundly.
%, and in 2012 12.4 %.
Based on the prisoners complaints re-
Overcrowding in the pre-trial detention
ceived by the CHR in 2012, corroborated
facilities is one of the major problems, the
with de facto situation found during the pre-
4 m2 space per person and 6 m2 air per per-
ventive visits, the allegations that unconven-
son recommended by CPT are not provided
tional relations between prisoners prevail in
(Penitentiary No. 11 in Balti, Penitentiary No.
prisons were confirmed. The prisoners, who
13 in Chisinau, penitentiary No. 17 in Rezina).
particularly have to suffer, are in the vulner-
Truly disturbing is the state of affairs able group of so-called humiliated prison-
related to conditions of detention in Peni- ers.
tentiary No. 13 in Chisinau. On April 16, 2010
According to the results of the survey
initiated by the ombudsmen in 2012 on
www.ombudsman.md
140 a sample of 30 % of penitentiaries, the in-
141 mate placement in the inferior caste of
the penitentiary is not necessarily done
In the case OSTROVAR vs. Moldova 4500 Euro
142
were granted; in 2007 in the case URCAN vs. through sexual violence. The reasons why
Moldova the sum of 11,000 Euro; in 2009 in the an inmate is classed in the given group may
cases STRISTEANU and others vs. Moldova, also be: denunciation, stealing from another
VALERIU AND NICOLAE ROCA vs. Moldova prisoner, gambling debt, failure to observe
42,100 were granted; in 2010 in the case I.D. vs. the goods - financial144 relations, excessive
Moldova 15,000; in 2011 in the cases Ipencov
vs. Moldova, Bisir and Tulut vs. Moldova, Ipa-
te vs. Moldova, Haritonov vs. Moldova 44,900 CHR report for 2011
143
Euro were granted; in 2012 in the case Hadji vs. The payment of debts in goods (cigarettes, su-
144
Moldova -3,100 Euro. gar, SIM card, mobile phones)
368
CHAPTER II
discussions about sexual life, unfounded in- or football field; they are forbidden to walk
sults. For example, a prisoner, who during on the territory of the penitentiary, are not
the phone conversations with his concubine offered the possibility to study. The parcels
was permanently mentioning sexual topics, sent by relatives to these prisoners do not
was placed in the humiliated group. reach them. The heads of the sections de-
The humiliated prisoners reported that cide themselves whom to give them. This
as a rule, they are not physically abused by category of prisoners is completely isolated,
other inmates. They may be subjected to including communicating with the other
physical ill-treatment if they conceal their prisoners.
status in the criminal subculture and in cas- During the visit to Penitentiary No. 5
es of so-called abuse of specific behavioural from Cahul, 13 prisoners from the group of
rules such as shaking hands with another humiliated were there. They were placed
inmate. in three separate detention cells in order to
During the visit to Penitentiary No. 3 avoid any trouble with the rest of the pris-
from Leova, it was found that the prisoners oners. No cases of sexual violence were at-
are placed in the detention block according tested against them in this penitentiary. At
to some specific criteria other than those of the end of individual discussions, one of the
age, social menace of the committed crime, prisoners generalized in one sentence his
or health. One of these criteria is the sepa- conditions of detention in the penitentiary:
ration of humiliated prisoners from the If you remember which category of prisoners
rest. At the moment of the visit, of the total you belong to and follow some elementary
number of 360 convicts, 70 were in the cast rules, then your life in prison will not be differ-
of humiliated prisoners and were placed in ent from that of the other inmates.
special residential blocks or separate rooms A similar situation was noticed in Peni-
located before the entry into common dor- tentiary No. 1 from Taraclia.
mitories. According to the ombudsman, the ad-
The visit to the penitentiary took place ministration of penitentiaries resort to the
during the preparation and serving of lunch. separation of the so-called humiliated pris-
While examining the canteen, it was found oners to be able to maintain the discipline
that the food is prepared in different by size in prisons, without making extra effort to
containers, from different food products in eradicate the phenomenon of criminal sub-
the three sections of the canteen. The pris- culture. No doubt, this criterion of separa-
oners explained that the food is different tion hurts human dignity and has a discrimi-
by quality and calories and is divided to the natory character145. It risks to aggravate the
convicts by special criteria, depending on inherent suffering of the prisoners, which
the status of the prisoners, not medical pre- is stipulated in section 57 of the Standard
scriptions. For example, only a special cat- Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prison-
egory of prisoners benefit of meat products, ers and Related Recommendations146
fish, eggs, dairy products. Vegetables and It should be mentioned in this context,
meat were missing from the pots in which that two prisoners confirmed that in the
food for the humiliated prisoners was be- period of serving their sentence, they were
ing cooked. Moreover, the humiliated forced by other prisoners, with the tacit
prisoners were the last to eat, only after the
other prisoners had eaten.
Art.205, par..(3) of Enforcement Code Separate
145
The humiliated prisoners do not have detention of convicts in prison must not have a
access to the shower room like the other discriminatory character or offend human dig-
convicts and can have a shower only with nity.
the permission of the penitentiary employ- Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of
146
ees. They are not employed; do not have Prisoners and Related Recommendations, Reso-
access to the gym or to the volley-ball court lution adopted on August 30, 1955 at the First
United Nations Congress.
369
CHAPTER II
approval of prison administration to make treatment applied by the employees of Pen-

monthly payments to the penitentiary crimi- itentiary System (for comparison, in 2012
nal authorities, to do housework, to gamble. there were 3 complaints, in 2011 10 com-
At the request of the ombudsman, on De- plaints). In spite of this, not a single investi-
cember 6, 2012, the Prosecutor Generals gation was initiated on the basis of the infor-
Office initiated a criminal offence under the mation on unjustified application of special
provisions of Article 284, paragraph 1 of the means, violation of search rules, and use of
Criminal Code (the creation and leading of a physical force while being escorted, etc.
criminal organization). In the same period, 13 criminal cases
It should also be noted that the Euro- were initiated on abuse of power and 7 cas-
pean Court of Human Rights condemns of- es of torture against the employees of the
ficial tolerance 147, the fact that even though penitentiary system. On one of the cases
some actions are evidently illegal, they are out of the 7, a DIP employee was sentenced
still tolerated in the sense that the hierarchi- to 1 year in prison under article 79 of the CC
cally superior officials, of those in charge, of RM, with the execution of the sentence in
knowing about such acts do not take ac- a penitentiary of closed type and with the
tions to prevent their recurrence; or the hi- deprivation of the right to occupy positions
erarchically superior officials are indifferent of responsibility in law enforcement bodies
to the numerous complaints addressed to for a period of 3 years. There were 9 disci-
them and do not look into the truth or false- plinary proceedings and after their conclu-
hood if such complaints; or the plaintiffs are sion, 9 employees were disciplinarily sanc-
denied a fair trial in court. Thus, the concept tioned for misconduct in relation with the
of official tolerance reflects something more convicts. 13 employees were fired from the
than the official approval of certain practic- penitentiary system for breach of discipline
es. Sooner, this concept shows the attitude (for comparison, 20 persons in 2010 and 13
of the officials to an existing practice or the in 2011) and 4 employees were fired for dis-
evidence that attests the existence of such paragement (in 2010 11 persons, in 2011
practices. In this regard, official tolerance 20 persons).
focusses on the actions undertaken by the DIP actions directed towards the propa-
authorities to put an end to the recurrence gation of zero tolerance to torture attitude
of such acts and the effectiveness aimed at and training of penitentiary system employ-
achieving this goal. According to the om- ees regarding human rights observance de-
budsman, the states inactions, in terms of serve appreciation. Thus, in 2012, as result of
taking efficient measures to eradicate the DIP cooperation with the Centre for Human
phenomenon of criminal subculture and its Right, the training of the staff was conduct-
effects, could be qualified as official toler- ed with the participation of representatives
ance. of the Centre as experts. This practice fol-
lows to be extended inn 2013 as well on the
Aspects related to torture prevention
basis of a developed training plan.
In 2012, DIP received 16 complaints At the sitting of DIP Advisory Council of
about unjustified application of special 21.09.2012, the Action Plan on combating
means, violation of search rules, and use of torture and ill-treatment in penitentiaries
physical force while escorting prisoners; 15 was developed and approved. It includes
complaints related to alleged torture and ill- organizational measures designed to solve
the encountered difficulties in this field.
The Greek case. European Commission on Hu-
147
The good functioning of the trust phone for
man Rights.In: Report of 5November, 1969,
reporting cases of torture, punishment or
Yearbook 12. Aisling Reidy. The Prohibition of
Torture. A guide to the implementation of article inhuman and degrading ill-treatment was
3 of the European Convention on Human Rights provided. The telephone is installed in the
.www.coehelp.org/file.../art_3_romanian.pdf
370
CHAPTER II
DIP guard unit. According to the entries in interest to CPT, as resulting from its man-
the log-book of the trust telephone calls, 21 date. Improper medical care could lead to
such calls were registered, of which in 2 cas- situations that have much in common with
es ill-treatment was alleged (one case was inhuman and degrading treatment. Health
not proved, the other is under examination). care service in a given institution may play
The authorised services in the peni- an important role in combating ill-treat-
tentiaries permanently perform operative ment, both in that institution and in other
actions of investigation, education and (especially in police establishments). More-
prophylaxis, aimed at preventing and com- over, it is designed to have a positive impact
bating all forms of intimidation, as well as on the overall quality of life within the insti-
ensuring equal rights in the prison environ- tution where it operates. A general principle
ment. In this respect, measures were taken already recognized in the majority of coun-
to identify and isolate interlope leaders from tries, based on fundamental human rights, is
the mass of prisoners in order to dismem- to provide the same level of medical care for
ber the interlope groups and diminish their the prisoners, like for the persons who live
authority. In all the penitentiaries, with the in liberty: access to doctor; equivalence of
exception of Penitentiary Nos. 8 and 12 from medical care; patient consent and confiden-
Bender, video surveillance systems were tiality; preventive medical care; humanitar-
installed. During the year, the informative ian aid; professional independence; profes-
posters Legal Information were updated in sional competence.
the penitentiaries. The updated information When in custody, the prisoners should
includes Regulations on Enforcement Code, have access to a doctor at any time, regard-
the Statute of servicing the punishment by less of the type of imprisonment to which
the prisoners, the Criminal Code and infor- they are subjected. The organization of
mation of the national institutions in the medical care should make it possible to re-
field of human rights protection. Simulta- spond to requests for consultation without
neously, the cooperation with mass media any delay. It should offer medical treatment
became a priority in the context of not-ad- and care, diet, physiotherapy, psychothera-
mittance of torture. In this sense, spokesper- py or other arrangements needed, compa-
sons from among penitentiary employees rable with those of the patents who are not
were assigned and trained by the experts in in prison. Prison medical services should pay
the field of communication. special attention to the needs of specific
An implicit index for the improvement categories of vulnerable prisoners: moth-
of the situation in this area is the consider- ers and children, adolescents, persons with
able decrease of prisoners complaints about personality disorders, persons who suffer of
the application of physical force and special serious diseases. Continuous incarceration
means and of the number of self-mutilations of those, who display a fatal symptom in a
and injuries caused by the employees of the short time, of those who suffer of a serious
penitentiary system. During the preventive disease, which cannot properly be treated
and monitoring visits to the penitentiaries in prison, who suffer of a severe handicap
from the country made in 2012, the prison- or advanced old age, can create an intoler-
ers complained, as a rule, about the deten- able situation. Similarly, some prisoners may
tion conditions, the quality and timely medi- have special needs and ignoring them can
cal assistance, the quality and quantity of lead to degrading treatment.
food, social protection measures. ECHR does not include a specific pro-
vision on the situation of the persons de-
Healthcare
prived of liberty, a fortiori ill, but it is not
Health care services for the persons de- excluded that the detention of a sick person
prived of freedom are an issue of particular becomes problematic under article 3 of the
371
CHAPTER II
Convention (Mouisel vs. France)148. In the Holomiov vs. Moldova152 , the plaintiff de-
case when a general obligation of releasing clared that in the penitentiary and in the
a prisoner on health grounds is impossible, penitentiary hospital, there were no urolo-
Article No. 3 of the Convention obliges the gists, cardiologists and neurologists. His
state to protect the physical integrity of the medical condition was serious enough to be
prisoner, especially by providing necessary incompatible with his extended detention.
medical care. (Rivire vs. France)149. The Court reiterated that although article 3
ECHR recognizes the right of any convict of the Convention cannot be interpreted as
to benefit of detention conditions comply- a general obligation to release prisoners on
ing with the respect of human dignity, so as health grounds, it still requires the state to
to ensure that the taken measures do not protect the physical integrity of the people
subject the given person to suffering, or a deprived of liberty, for example, by provid-
test exceeding the unavoidable level of suf- ing needed medical care (Sarban vs. Mol-
fering inherent in detention; it also adds that dova).
apart from the persons health, his comfort In light of the above said, it should be
must be secured in a corresponding manner noted that during the preventive visits,
given the practical requirements of deten- there were detected cases that reveal sole
tion. legal deficiencies. Thus, prisoner M.C., sen-
The state has no obligation to imme- tenced to 16 years of closed type imprison-
diately release the person from prison be- ment, disabled of 1st degree, suffers of some
cause of his health, the Court states in the diseases with irreversible consequences for
case Sarban vs. Moldova150 with reference to his health. He cannot take care of himself or
the case Hurtado vs. Switzerland151. But also move without help. He is looked after by an-
in this case, the Court emphasized the fact other prisoner, who assumed this obligation
that by placing a sick person in detention, on his own will, based on common sense
the state has the obligation to protect the and his religious beliefs. He could be called
health of the prisoner the same manifes- 8-10 times in 24 hours. According to the om-
tation of the general obligation to provide budsmans findings, the penitentiary medi-
corresponding detention conditions. Thus, cal facility does not have a room adapted for
denial of adequate medical care, in general, the placement of such patients as the given
the detention of a sick person in inadequate prisoner.
conditions, in principle, is against Article 3 The wording of paragraph 2, article 95 of
(Vincent vs. France, Gennadi Naoumenko vs. the Criminal Code, in force at the moment of
Ukraine, Farbtuhs vs. Latvia, Paladi vs, Mol- the visit to the penitentiary, allows, in the om-
dova, Holomiov vs. Moldova). In the case budsmans opinion, ambiguous and subjec-
tive interpretations, which cause the applica-
tion of the given rule in a discriminatory and
Mouisel vs. France, application No. 67263/01,
148 privileged manner to practically all the people
ECHR decision of 14.11.2002.[On-line]: http:// in the same situation. Thus, according to the
cmiskp.echr.coe.int. (retrieved on 03.03.2012). provision of the above mentioned law, re-
Rivirevs. France, application No. 33834/03, ECHR
149
lease from punishment is done in the cases of
decision of 11.07.2006.[On-line]: http://cmiskp. the persons who contracted a serious disease
echr.coe.int. (retrieved on 03.03.2012). (stipulated by the disease classifier, approved
Sarban vs. Moldova, application 3456/05, ECHU
150
by the Order of the Minister of Justice No. 331
decision of 04.10.2005, Judgements and Decisi-
of 06.09.2006) only after committing the crime
ons of the European Court of Human Rights in
the cases of Moldova, volume III,.Chisinu: Carti-
er, 2007, p. 141. Holomiov vs. Moldova, application No. 30649/05,
152

Hurtado vs. Switzerland , application No.
151
ECHR decision of 97.11.2006, Judgements and
17549/90, ECHR decision of 28.01.1994. [On-li- Decisions of the European Court of Human Ri-
ne]: http://www.humanrights.is. (retrieved on ghts in the cases of Moldova, volume III,.Chisi-
03.03.2012). nu: Cartier, 2007, p. 223.
372
CHAPTER II
or during imprisonment. Consequently, it is of article 230 of the Enforcement Code, the
impossible the application of the provision right to medical care is guaranteed to the
to another category of prisoners those who condemned persons; medical care in prisons
contracted the disease before committing the is granted whenever necessary or upon re-
crime, or who contracted a less serious disease quest by qualified personnel, free of charge,
before the crime. At that stage, such persons under the law, and the prisoners benefit of
do not fall under the incidence of law, but, if free medical treatment and medications.
the disease is aggravated while serving the Each prison must have at least a physician,
sentence, it is included in the category of seri- a dentist and a psychiatrist. In penitentia-
ous diseases that hinder the execution of pun- ries with a capacity of at least 100 seats,
ishment. a centre for curative medical care must op-
With the unconditioned support of DIP, erate full-time to offer medical assistance to
the ombudsman promoted amendments of every prisoner.
article 95 of the Criminal Code, which are in An alarming situation related to provid-
force since December 9, 2012. The amending the penitentiary system with medical
ments and completions will contribute to personnel persists from year to year. Current-
the release from punishment execution, ly, medical assistance is provided by medical
will not admit keeping seriously ill persons staff covering 236.25 positions. However, for
in conditions inadequate to their health a better functioning of the medical services,
state, and, implicitly, will not allow violation it is necessary to employ about 270 medical
of Article 3 of the Convention in relation to staff, as seen in the table below:
such persons. According to the provisions
Staff needed according

Penitentiary institution Actually occupied
to positions
DIP medical direction 8 6
Penitentiary No. 1 Taraclia 7 3
Penitentiary No. 2 Lipcani 6.5 5
Penitentiary No. 3 Leova 6.5 5
Penitentiary No. 4 Cricova 11 9
Penitentiary No. 5 Cahul 8 6
Penitentiary No. 6 Soroca 10.5 9
Penitentiary No. 7 Rusca 8 8
Penitentiary No. 8 Bender 7.5 6.5
Penitentiary No. 9 Pruncul 6.5 4.5
Penitentiary No. 10 Goian 6 2
Penitentiary No. 11 Bli 9 7
Penitentiary No. 12 Bender 7.75 7.25
Penitentiary No. 13 Chiinu 27.5 24
Penitentiary No. 14 8.5 6.5
Penitentiary No. 16 Pruncul 110 99.5
Penitentiary No. 17 Rezina 23 20.5
Penitentiary No. 18 Brneti 7.5 7.5
Total 278.75 236,25
373
CHAPTER II
DIP purchases drugs and pharmaceutical lower compared with 2011 (2,077,609.08 lei,
items for the penitentiaries based on the re- including 1,586,473.44 lei from budgetary
quest addressed to the Agency of Medicine, sources and 491,135.64 lei from extra bud-
which, according to Government Decision getary sources). Despite decreased finan-
No. 568 of 10.09.2009, organizes and con- cial resources for drugs and pharmaceutical
ducts centralized procurement at national items, DIP reports on a favourable situation
level. The drugs and pharmaceutical items in this respect. Meanwhile, the prisoners
delivered to the penitentiaries are received continue to invoke lack of medications, the
by the head of the medical service and the distribution of one and the same drug for
person in charge of the mentioned items. the treatment of various diseases (analgine,
In the course of 2012, DIP purchased no-spa, tincture of valerian).
drugs and pharmaceutical items in the sum The tables below reflect the situation on
of 1,506,498.27 lei (1,120,882.35 lei from the comparative structure of morbidity and
budgetary sources and 385,615.92 lei from mortality among the prisoners:
extra budgetary sources), which is much
Structure of morbidity among prisoners

Indices 2010 2011 2012
digestive system diseases 1464 3658 4410
Mental and behavioural disorders 2561 2411 2486
Respiratory system diseases 3210 2011 2362
Trauma and intoxications 1805 1365 1260
Infectious and parasitic diseases 1152 1177 1651
Cardiovascular system diseases 824 743 784
Nervous system diseases 322 335 359
Tuberculosis 164 133 162
*including at entry 42(25.4%) 31(23%) 56(34.5%)
TOTAL 12948 14360 14499
Structure of mortality among prisoners

Disease 2010 2011 2012
Tuberculosis 10 10 3
HIV / TB 3 11 4
AIDS (without TB) 0 1 2
Cancer 7 5 0
Nervous system diseases 1 0 0
Cardiovascular system diseases 15 13 6
Respiratory system diseases (without TB) 1 0 1
Digestive system diseases 1 0 6
Traumatic injuries, intoxications,
1 2 4
septicaemia
Suicide 5 7 5
TOTAL 44 49 31
374
CHAPTER II
Categories 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
microscopic positive new case 106 71 38 38 33 14 30
microscopic negative new case 195 153 110 76 77 51 87
extra-pulmonary new case 13 6 3 5 5 7 0
extra-respiratory new case 0 3 2 1 3 1 0
microscopic positive relapse 82 82 44 38 19 21 13
microscopic negative relapse 99 91 48 36 26 35 32
extra-pulmonary relapse 0 1 0 0 1 1 0
Overall incidence 495 406 245 192 164 133 162
Although in 2012, the mortality among the subordination of the Ministry of Health
prisoners considerably decreased, a tenden- followed to be developed. These modifica-
cy of morbidity increase is observed caused tions were supposed to give probative value
by tuberculosis, respiratory system diseases, to the independent medical examination
infectious and parasitic diseases, digestive in the alleged cases of torture, in order to
system diseases. In the opinion of the parlia- eliminate the inconsistences in the classi-
mentary advocate, these data are a reason fication of actions as acts of torture, and in
for concern, especially for DIP and the ad- order to toughen the punishment for acts
ministration of the penitentiary institutions. of torture depending on the degree of their
The following situation is attested in seriousness. Non-finalizing the drafts for the
regard to the number of prisoners who are modifications in the regulatory framework
registered with TB (new cases, relapses) in- related to ensuring the organizational and
cluding MDR TB (multidrug resistant), the institutional independence of the medical
number of prisoners identified with TB in the workers in detention institutions is one of
period 2006-2013, and the number of pris- the greatest deficiencies in the implementa-
oners treated under DOTS and DOTS+. tion of Pillar VI of the Strategy Observance
According to the Action Plan for the Im- of human rights in the justice sector.
plementation of the Justice Sector Reform
Strategy153 in 2012, the draft of the regula-
tory framework on ensuring professional
independence of the medical workers in
detention places by transferring them under
Recommendations
To analyse the financial needs of the penitentiary institutions in order to gradually
increase the financial resources allocated to such institutions;
To carry out an effective control of compliance with sanitary and hygienic norms in
penitentiaries, including the state of prisoners clothing and beddings;
To train the staff of the institutions, which keep persons in detention, in preventing
and combating torture and ill-treatment;
To put an end to the operation of penitentiary No. 13 from Chisinau.

Approved by parliament Decision No. 6 of
153
16.02.2012
375
CHAPTER II
3. The status of legality and military discipline

in the armed forces
In order to implement NPMT tasks and and feet), and bath slippers. Each soldier has
prevent non-statutory relations among a stool at his disposal and a bedside table for
the military, 27 visits were made to Armed keeping personal belongings.
Forces in 2012; 11 visits were made to the However, some drawbacks were also
military units of Carabinieri Troops Depart- identified during the visits. Thus, dampness
ment (CTD), 12 visits to the military units of still persists in some military units (in bed-
the National Army, and 4 visits to the Border rooms, canteens, bathrooms), which does
Guard Service. not disappear in spite of regularly performed
Compared with the previous years, there repairs. In the military unit 1045 of Carabin-
were no major difficulties related to the ac- eri Troops Department, only one side of the
cess to these institutions, with the exception building is being used, the other one is unfit
of Vulcanesti frontier picket (at present Bor- for living conditions. The bathroom and the
der Police). canteen are in a deplorable state and require
During the discussions with unit com- capital repairs.
manders, they highlighted the shortcom- No complaints were made by the mili-
ings of the process of incorporation of the tary related to the quantity, quality, or lack
military, in particular, the unsatisfactory of some food products. During the visits, it
activity or inactivity of the military medical was found that dampness persists on the
commissions and of citizens recruitment/ ceiling in the catering facilities of some
incorporation. Thus, during the military ser- military units (canteen, food preparation
vice, many conscripts are diagnosed with section, dish washing section); there is high
mental or other serious illnesses that do not humidity and an unpleasant smell. The floor
allow military service. For example, recruit X. and the walls are damaged in some places in
was enrolled on April 26, 2012, and 4 days the dish washing section, the taps and the
later he had a conflict with another recruit drainage pipes are rusted. The walls are also
and became depressed. He refused to eat, to damp in the food processing sections; the
execute the orders of the superiors, isolated pipes that pass through these sections are
himself from the rest without showing ag- also corroded.
gression. The soldier was admitted to Cen- According to the Regulation on Cater-
tral Medical Clinical Hospital and later to the ing of the National Army in Peacetime, ap-
IMPS Psychiatric Clinical Hospital. Following proved by the Order of the Minister of De-
the expertise for stating his mental state, he fence No. 150 of 1 July, 2003, each canteen
was found inapt for military service. of the military unit should dispose of all
During all the visits, individual discus- necessary facilities for production, house-
sions were held with the conscripts in day hold and technical needs, a room for serving
duty, those who were on duty in the can- food, technological equipment, refrigera-
teen, in security service and in patrol ser- tors and other inventory that ensures proper
vice. None of them complained of torture, conditions for preparing and serving food.
discrimination or misconduct on behalf of The state of the catering facilities found in
commanders, teachers, officers or sergeants. military unit 1045 contravenes the cited pro-
vision. The ombudsman as NPMT submitted
Accommodation conditions
a notice with recommendations for repairs
Usually, in all military units the dormito- to extend the living space for the conscripts
ries are spacious and clean, well ventilated, and to perform repair works in the bath-
the windows are large enough to allow room and canteen.
natural light. The bedrooms are furnished Deficiencies were also found in military
with separate beds, equipped with enough unit No. 1003 of CTD where the canteen
linen, blankets, pillows, towels (for the face personnel do not comply with the sanitary
376
CHAPTER II
norms of dishwashing. The conditions for their free time. Some of them are equipped
keeping easily alterable food are not ob- with books; there can be a legal corner, fic-
served, as well as the temperature regime tion books, newspapers, a religious corner,
required for storing frozen meat, the motive where the military can practice a religious
being that the refrigerator functions only in cult155, or even rooms specially designed
the temperature regime of 10o C. for this purpose. An observed drawback is
The toilets, in the same unit, are in poor the insufficiency of books, especially fiction,
condition, odour and anti-sanitary persists, written in the state language. The majority of
disinfectant solutions for washing hands are the books are in Russian or in the Moldovan
missing, the toilets are placed in such a way language printed with the Cyrillic alphabet.
that do not ensure peoples privacy while The conscripts are satisfied with what they
satisfying physiological needs. The sanitary have at the disposal and did not complain.
block needs capital repair. The same defi- Daily, according to the schedule, the
ciencies were found in the bathroom. The platoons and company commanders teach
situation in this military unit can be consid- lessons on socio-state and legal training. In
ered unsatisfactory. order to identify the issues that the military
According to article 26, letter j) of the face, systematic individual and group edu-
Law on the Status of Military No. 162-XVI of cational work is organized.
22.07.2005, it is stipulated that the military Medical care
should take care of their health, respect
personal and social hygiene rules, and not Under Article 15 of the Law on the Sta-
develop harmful habits. According to the tus of the Military No. 162 of 22.07.2005, the
standards set by the Ministry of Defence, 2-3 military have the right to medical assistance
shower cabins must be installed in the lava- and treatment (outpatient and inpatient) for
tories. The taps and the shower cabins must free, granted by the state in the subunits,
ne connected to cold and hot running water. units and military medical institutions. In
In the absence of such facilities, 2 or 3 elec- order to implement this legal provision, the
tric water heaters should be installed.154 In military units dispose of medical facilities in
some military units there are no shower cab- which doctors and nurses work. The doc-
ins, where the military could perform their tors are responsible for providing the mili-
daily personal hygiene. In such cases, the tary with medical care, whenever needed,
military wash over the sink with cold water. and for the quality of their nutrition.
From the discussions with the Ministry of In case of illness, the soldiers are treated
Defence administration about the described as outpatients or are taken to the medical
conditions, results that in order to eliminate facilities for hospitalization. In case of com-
the found deficiencies, additional financial plications, serious diseases or surgical inter-
resources are necessary for capital repairs ventions, the CTD military are placed in the
of the spaces in poor condition. The annual Hospital of the Ministry of Internal Affairs,
cosmetic renovations do not change the while the military of the national Army in
situation significantly. the Military Clinical Hospital of the Ministry
of Defence or in the Diagnostic Consulta-
In order to ensure the conscripts ac-
tive Centre. In some units, there are first aid
cess to information, each military unit has
wards and rooms for bandages, septic sur-
one or more TVs, on which TV programs can
gery, dental care.
be viewed according to the daily schedule
of the unit. Every company has a room for
relaxation, where the military can spend Article 11, paragraph 1 of Law No. 162-XVI of
155
22/07/2005 on the status of the military stipu-

lates that the military have the right to practice
Guide of the Company Sergeant approved by
154
a known religious cult or religious rituals when
the Directive of the Chief of Staff of the National they are not performing military service obligati-
Army No. D-1 of 18.01. ons.
377
CHAPTER II
The quality of medical care is appropri- situations, on the soldierly specific environ-
ate. The rooms for procedures and medical ment, which is a more rigorous one. On this
isolators are, as a rule, clean, correctly ven- basis, the Psychological Service was created
tilated and disinfected. Yet, in some moni- in the National Army. It will allow psycholo-
tored units, the conditions in which medical gists to work with each soldier individually,
care is provided are unsatisfactory: damp- especially in situations when the person is
ness persists, insufficient ventilation, low stressed or reacts spontaneously or unex-
temperature; the dampness is because of pectedly.
the damaged roof. The unit commanders ex- It should be mentioned in conclusion,
plain the existence of such a situation due to that during the visits made in 2012, the
lack of financial resources. same irregularities were detected in the mili-
However, the soldiers did not complain tary units as in the previous years: lack of fi-
about the quality or the conditions in which nancial resources to carry out capital repairs;
medical care is offered. unsatisfactory conditions of accommoda-
By the Order of the Ministry of Defence tion and catering facilities, in the bathrooms;
No. 464 of December 10, 2012, a Commis- lack of efficient control over the observance
sion to study the issue of violation of statu- of sanitary and hygienic norms in canteens
tory rules by the military of the National and bathrooms; inadequate hygienic state
Army was created. It worked until January of the linen; unsatisfactory work of the mili-
31, 2013. The Commission was made up of tary medical commissions.
representatives of academics, NGOs, psy- In the majority of cases, the leadership
chologists, lawyers. The representative of of the Ministry of Defence and of the Carabi-
the Centre for Human Rights from Moldova neri Troops Department reasoned the non-
was invited to participate as national expert. fulfilment of the previous recommendations
During the work of the Commission, submitted by the parliamentary advocate, as
15 military units of the Ministry of Defence NPMT, due to the lack of financial resources.
were monitored, including the Military Clini-
cal Hospital and the Diagnostic-Consultative
Centre. The living conditions, the soldiers Recommendations:
nutrition, the quantity and quality of medi- To organize professional develop-
cal care and the equipment were examined. ment and training courses related to
Also, the soldiers were surveyed through general and special duties of the em-
anonymous questionnaires. ployees of the military units, in the as-
The Commission found that for all young pect of nurturing the spirit of intoler-
people, but especially for those coming ance against ill-treatment;
from socially vulnerable families, the army is To undertake organizational mea-
an opportunity to develop, to learn and to sures in all military units and Carabineri
gain life experience. Troops Department to identify the de-
What concerns irregular relations, it was ficiencies of the condition of the cater-
found that 2.4 % of the surveyed soldiers ing facilities, bathrooms and medical
were physically mistreated during the ser- facilities in order to diminish them and
vice. Even if the psychologists say that this is to provide decent conditions for the
a very small percentage, it will be thorough- military during their service;
ly analysed by the leadership of the National To take organizational measures to
Army. provide the Medical Commissions for
As a rule, the detected irregular relations Recruitment of the citizens in the Armed
do not depend on the environment in which Forces of the Republic of Moldova with
the military are, but on their personality, on necessary qualified specialists in order
the way they manifest themselves in difficult to guarantee their functionality.
378
CHAPTER II
4. Psychiatric Institutions
The Republic of Moldova has a popula- practices to the requirements of internation-
tion of 3,560,400. In this number, the popu- al standards.
lation from the left bank of the Dniester and The public opinion knows little about
the municipality Bender is not included. It is what is happening in these closed institu-
estimated that the prevalence of mental and tions, in which there is a high rick of human
behavioural disorders is about 95,000156, but rights violation. Therefore, public control
no one knows the exact number of people through monitoring and independent in-
with mental disabilities, who are separated spections can considerably contribute to
from the society and isolated from the pub- the prevention of torture and inhuman or
lic eye, becoming invisible in psychiatric degrading treatment.
hospitals and psycho-neurological homes
In the course of 2012, the ombudsmen
often located in remote places. Being placed
with the support of the members of the
in such institutions the persons with mental
Advisory Council and experts, continued to
disabilities are vulnerable to exploitation
monitor the application of standards on hu-
and abuse, as they have little contact with
man rights in the psychiatric hospitals and
the outside world and have limited access to
psycho-neurological homes, providers of
services, such as qualified consultancy and
medical and social services to persons with
legal assistance, advocacy campaigns.
mental disabilities. 9 visits were made to the
By its Constitution, the Republic of Mol- hospitals under the subordination of the
dova committed to ensure, on behalf of the Ministry of Health and 6 visits to the psycho-
whole society, social protection, adequate neurological homes under the subordina-
conditions of treatment, education and so- tion of Ministry of Labour, Social Protection
cial integration to the people with disabili- and Family. The situation was assessed and
ties. The Republic of Moldova recognized evaluated through the CPT standards in re-
the international standards, which became lation to living conditions, prevention of ill-
component part of the national legal frame- treatment, the applied means of coercion
work, undertook a series of reforms and and other important aspects.
national programmes related to mental
The analysis of the information and data
health. Yet, inconsistent legislation and the
collected during the visits highlights the
measures for its implementation, lack of
lack of evident progress in implementing
coordination between governmental bod-
the National Convention on the Rights of
ies in charge lead to leaving many persons
Persons with Disabilities, the underdevelop-
with disabilities without the much-needed
ment of community support programmes
support. These people continue to be con-
for the persons with mental disabilities, and
fronted with stigmatization, isolation and
consequently, not a single move was made
discrimination due to their disability, which
to stop the continuous denial of the funda-
are often exacerbated by stereotypes and
mental human rights of the persons with
prejudices. The living conditions are often
mental disabilities.
deplorable; the psychological and social
barriers hinder their inclusion and partici- Psychiatric hospitals
pation in the social life of the community.
Psychiatric hospitals are public medical
According to the ombudsman, Moldova
institutions, which provide in-hospital spe-
did not make enough effort to improve the
cialized medical care related to the examina-
lives of the persons with mental disabilities
tion, diagnosis, treatment and psychosocial
and to conform the laws, the policies and
recovery. Psychiatric hospitals are directly
subordinated to the founders, and from the
http://ms.gov.md/_files/10855-Indicatori%252
156
organizational and methodological points
0preliminari%2520%2520anii%25202010-2011. of view to the Ministry of Health.
pdf
379
CHAPTER II
In the Republic of Moldova, there are implementation of the monitoring mecha-

three psychiatric hospitals: the psychiatric nism on the quality of services provided by
clinical hospital from Chisinau, and psychiat- public health facilities through evaluation
ric hospitals in Balti and Orhei. and accreditation159 spurred, to some ex-
In the psychiatric hospitals, besides the tent, an improvement of the accommoda-
patients hospitalized on their own will (vol- tion conditions by repairs, installation of wa-
untary hospitalization), there are persons ter heating boilers, renovation of bathrooms
hospitalized without their consent, in the and WCs, reducing the number of beds in
case of circumstances157 resulting from civil the wards, renovating the furniture. The san-
proceedings (involuntary hospitalization). itary norms on hygienic conditions for the
Persons, who committed harmful acts in a healthcare institutions160 contribute to some
state of irresponsibility provided by the law, extent to the creation and maintenance of
and whose hospitalization was ordered by a unique requirements regarding the loca-
judge, in the case of criminal proceedings, tion, layout, equipment and maintenance of
are also placed in such medical institutions. medical institutions. However, the psychiat-
ric hospitals have not managed yet to imple-
Some problems typical of psychiatric
ment the requirements regarding the loca-
hospitals, related to the hospitalization pro-
tion, layout, equipment and maintenance of
cedure without consent, the application of
medical institutions specified in the sanitary
coercion measures, the living standards and
Regulation on the conditions of hygiene for
conditions, mechanisms of petitioning, etc.
health care institutions. As consequence,
were described in the previous reports158.
the conditions of stay are not maximally
Generalizing the situation, based on the vis-
favourable for psychosocial recuperation;
its made in the last two years, a number of
the privacy of the patient is not ensured.
system problems have been found which
could easily be classified as violations of hu- Working with people suffering from
man rights. mental disabilities is a difficult task for any
person involved doctors, medical assis-
The material conditions of psychiatric
tants, nurses, and auxiliary staff. In this con-
hospitals should create a positive therapeu-
text, the deficit of personnel, inadequate
tic environment, which presupposes, first of
training, and the poor working conditions
all, providing sufficient space for each pa-
are only some aspects tightly connected
tient, as well as lighting, heating, adequate
with the prevention of ill-treatment.
ventilation, satisfactory maintenance of the
institution and compliance with the sani- Increased staff turnover is characteristic
tary and hygienic norms. Inadequacies in of all psychiatric hospitals, as well as lack of
these areas can lead to situations similar specialists (psychologists, social assistants
to inhuman or degrading treatment. The and occupational therapy instructors), the
large number of patients for a psychiatrist,
insufficient remuneration, reduced bonuses
Article 28 of the Law on mental health No. 1402
157
for working in hazardous and high risk con-
of 16.12.1997: the person suffering of mental
ditions, the excessive emotional effort and
disorders can be placed in psychiatric hospitals
without personal consent or of his/her legal re- overtiredness resulting from permanent
presentative before the issuance of the judge- contact with the patients, shortage of nurs-
ment, if his/her examination and treatment can
only be done in hospital and the mental disorder
is serious and leads to: a) direct social menace; The Law on evaluation and accreditation in
159
b) damage to his health if psychiatric care is not health No. 552 of October 18, 2001; Government
provided. Decision on the National Council of Evaluation
158 and Accreditation in Health No. 526 of April 29,
http://www.ombudsman.md/md/rapoarte%20 2002.
mnpt/; Government Decision No. 663 of 23.07.2010 on
160
http://www.ombudsman.md/file/RAPOAR- the approval of the Regulations on hygienic con-

TE%20PDF/CpDOM_Raport_2011ANEXE.pdf ditions in medical-sanitary institutions
380
CHAPTER II
es, failure to provide physical security of the deprived of the rights and protection guar-
personnel. Initial and continuous training antees valid for involuntary admission, such
of nurses on the specifics of working with as judicial review of detention. Considering
mentally disabled persons is not provided; that the majority of patients are hospitalized
there are no special instructions on the pre- with free consent, the concern is about the
vention and management of aggressive be- reduced use of legal procedures in hospital-
haviour; on prevention of abusive use and ization without free consent, as the de facto
the safety use of immobilization and isola- situation attested.
tion measures; human rights, in general, and In conclusion, it seems that the person-
patients rights, in particular. The attitude of nel of the psychiatric hospitals resorts to
the medical personnel towards patients, in persuasion and exercise pressure to obtain
some cases, even violates human dignity. free consent to inpatient psychiatric hospi-
All these have a direct impact on the human talization in order to avoid the initiating of
rights, the quality of care, treatment and re- legal proceedings for involuntary hospi-
habilitation and create a serious risk in terms talization, which is more complicated and
of potential abuse of patients by staff less lengthy. This approach cultivates lack of
qualified. respect for human rights in psychiatric hos-
Failure to ensure procedural guarantees pitals and foster environments in which hu-
for hospitalization without consent is anoth- man rights violations can be easier.
er flaw in the system. Patients with serious psychiatric disor-
Normally, patients are requested to sign ders, which can cause serious danger for
consent for hospitalization at admission themselves and for those around them, if
to psychiatric hospitals and must be given psychiatric care is not provided in hospitals,
explanations about the diagnosis and the may be hospitalized without their free con-
treatment/medicines. The consent form is sent. In the psychiatric hospitals, there are
attached to the patients disease file. Hav- no centralized statistical data on the total
ing examined the medical documentation, number of patients hospitalized without
it was found that patients do not always sign voluntary consent. This information can be
the consent from for hospitalization or the selected only from each hospital section di-
signature on it does not correspond to the rectly.
signature on other papers. It was found dur- According to the examined materials, in
ing the visits, that when the patient refuses the majority of cases, the institutions com-
to give voluntary consent for hospitaliza- ply with the time limit of 48 hours, time in
tion, the signature is obtained by persuasion which the hospitalized person must be sub-
and persistence, making reference to hospi- jected to medical examination. The deadline
talization without consent or even judicial of 24 hours for dispatch of medical opinion
proceedings. Persuasion or even constraint to the court, for the latter to decide on the
to give free consent for admission to the subsequent stay of the person in hospital is
psychiatric hospital is a widespread practice also observed.
in all psychiatric hospitals.
The patients hospitalized without their
Numerous discussions with the patients free consent complained about not be-
and the staff about the admission procedure ing taken to the court and that they do not
distrust the validity of the patients consent meet with the lawyer, who represents them
for voluntary hospitalization and suggest in court, that they do not receive the copy of
that they are actually deprived of freedom. the judgement and that they are excluded
These cases should, in fact, be considered from the court hearings process which de-
as involuntary admission. Moreover, the cides their fate. For example, during the visit
efforts made by the medical staff to obtain on October 2, 2012 to the Psychiatric Clini-
free consent to inpatient psychiatric hos- cal Hospital (section No. 11 for women), the
pitalization, means that these patients are staff confirmed once more that the patients
381
CHAPTER II
do not participate, as a rule, in the examina- regulations related to the place of exami-
tion of the application for inpatient psychi- nation of the hospitalization request, we
atric hospitalization without free consent; are confronted with its uneven application.
that practically there are no cases when the Accordingly, requests for inpatient psychiat-
lawyers visited the patients; that the court ric hospitalization without free consent are
judgements on hospitalization without free examined, in some cases, on the premises
consent are not handed to patients or that of the hospital with the participation of the
they are not even informed about the deci- patient, and in other cases on the prem-
sion (these are annexed to the patients per- ises of the court without his participation.
sonal file). In the majority of cases, the decisions are
Failure to comply with the procedural pronounced in the absence of the patients,
guarantees of patients admission without the administration of the institution invok-
free consent has become a system problem, ing their mental state, which does not allow
generated by the imperfection of the legal them to appear in court. The examination of
framework, as well as by human factors. Pre- the request for inpatient psychiatric hospi-
viously, the ombudsmen have taken actions, talization without free consent takes place
in the limits of their power, to solve this in court hearings with the representative of
problem but, during the visits made in the the psychiatric institution which requests
course of 2012, it was found that the situa- hospitalization and of the legal representa-
tion did not change for the better. tive of the person whose hospitalization is
requested. During the monitoring, we could
Thus, in the situation when the law gov-
not determine the number of applications
erning the procedure of admission without
for hospitalization without free consent re-
free consent to the psychiatric hospitals161
jected by the judges. The medical staff of
does not fully ensure the coherence of the
the visited institutions affirmed that all the
basic legal principles, - the coherence, con-
applications are accepted. Similarly, it was
sistency and balance of the competitive
not possible to identify the number of court
judgements contested by the patients or by
According to article 315 of the Code of Civil Pro-
161
cedure, the demand for inpatient psychiatric

their legal representatives.
hospitalization without free consent shall be Based on the discussions with profes-
examined within five days since the initiation of sional groups and on the requested informa-
the process. The proceedings take place on the tion from different institutions, it was found
court premises. The person for inpatient psychi-
atric hospitalization without free consent is en- that the magistrates do not have special
titled to participate in solving the case if the retraining and do not benefit of continuous
presentative of the psychiatric institution states training in this domain. More often their
that his health allows this. The examination of the decisions on approval of hospitalization in
application for inpatient psychiatric hospitalizati-
psychiatric hospitals are based on the docu-
on without free consent takes place in the court
with the obligatory participation of the represen- ments submitted by the hospital represen-
tative of the psychiatric institution who requests tatives and the discussion with the doctor
hospitalization and of the legal representative who requests forced hospitalization, while
of the person whose hospitalization is reques- the patients are outside any interactions
ted. At the same time, article 33 of the Law on
with the judges. This is a serious concern,
mental health stipulates that the application for
inpatient psychiatric hospitalization without free especially taking into consideration the fact
consent shall be examined by the judge within that the discussion of the patient with the
3 days from the receipt in court or in hospital. judge may be the only opportunity for him
The person hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital to have access to justice and the only chance
without free consent is entitled to participate in
of speaking about the unwillingness of ad-
examining the issue of his hospitalization. If the
mental state does not allow the person to appear mission. The continuous professional train-
in court, the application for hospitalization wi- ing plan of the judges, including for the year
thout free consent is considered by the judge on 2013, developed by the National Institute of
the premises of the psychiatric hospital.
382
CHAPTER II
Justice, does not contain topics related to cal nature. Patients are not offered legal aid
the study of the peculiarities of solving cases for contesting the admission in the psychi-
on approval of hospitalization in psychiatric atric hospital.
hospitals without free consent, declaring the The normative framework obliges the
incapacity of the person because of mental psychiatric institutions to inform the pa-
disorder, and other aspects dealing with this tients about their legal rights and obliga-
domain. In the 1st semester of the year 2012 tions (patients rights specified in the Law on
(March 26) the National Institute of Justice the Patients Rights and Responsibilities, or
organized a seminar entitled Application of the rights and obligations of the patients in
the Law on Mental Health which was sup- the psychiatric hospitals specified in the Law
posed to be attended by 23 judges and 10 on Mental Health). To exercise this provision,
prosecutors.162 the form of Informed Consent on the Thera-
When in psychiatric care, the person peutic Investigations and Treatment is used,
suffering from mental disorders is entitled which is annexed to the patients medical
to legal assistance, including an appointed record. As required by this form, patients
lawyer. The law obliges the administration of must be informed, in clear and accessible
the institution, which offers psychiatric care, language and with sufficient explanations
to guarantee the possibility of inviting a about the following information: the pre-
lawyer, with the exception of the case when sumptive diagnosis and the way of setting
the suffering person presents increased so- it, the purpose, method and duration of the
cial menace163. The administration of the proposed treatment, possible inconvenienc-
psychiatric hospital and the medical staff es, risks and side effects of the treatment,
are obliged to create mailing conditions, the risks and possible consequences of re-
for the patients to send complaints and ap- fusal from, or termination of treatment. Also,
plications to the lawyer, public authorities, the patients should be informed about the
prosecutors office, and courts164. As a rule, rights and responsibilities they have, about
the patients do not benefit of the services the right to privacy, the right to refuse a spe-
of a chosen lawyer, either because of ma- cific diagnostic procedure or treatment they
terial constraints, or because they do not disagree with. The form must be signed by
know that they are entitled to such a right. the patient or by his legal representative.
In the majority of cases, the persons, whose However, patients are aware that in ad-
hospitalizations in psychiatric hospitals is re- dition to the rights contained in the Consent
quested, are not represented in court by form, they are also entitled to other rights, in-
a chosen lawyer but by one appointed by cluding procedural ones165. This would mean
the territorial office of the National Council that they do not know about their right to
of State Guaranteed Legal Assistance, who meet the lawyer and to be represented by
provides assistance free of charge. The him, to get acquainted with the judgement
majority of patients admitted without their and to contest it, etc. It was found that the
free consent complained that they had no administration of psychiatric hospitals not
opportunity to meet the appointed lawyer only makes little effort to inform the patients
before court hearings. The lawyer usually about human rights, but do not give due im-
supports the request for admission without portance to this. For example, the staff of a
free consent of the hospital, or the proposal hospital affirmed that some patients know,
of the hospital on verification, termination in principle, that they are entitled to the
or change of the coercive measure of medi- right to contest the judgement, but they are
too ill to do it or do not want to do it. For
Continuous professional development training
162
this reason, the court judgements on inpa-
Plan for the 1st rem of the year 2012,http://www. tient psychiatric hospitalization without free
inj.md/files/u1/PDFOnline.pdf
Law on mental health, article 7 (3)
163
Law on mental health, article 38, letter c)

164
Law on mental health, article 5 (2), letter b
165
383
CHAPTER II
consent is not handed to the patients; they supervision in the Psychiatric Department,
are automatically attached to the medical which is a curative-preventive subdivision
records. meant for the application of safety mea-
From the discussions with the medical sures in the form of forced treatment, which
personal, it was found that there were no is carried out on the basis of the court sen-
cases that the patients contested the court tence. Thus, the arrested persons to whom
judgement on prolonging hospitalization preventive arrest was revoked, are placed
without free consent. Moreover, there is in the subdivision, which applies coercive
no clear and well-defined procedure of an- measures of medical nature for the persons,
nouncing (handing) the court judgements whose crime was proved under criminal law,
to the patients. Yet, medical records contain on the basis of the sentence of criminal li-
no evidence that the medical staff inform ability, either on the basis of the sentence of
the patients about the grounds of deten- release from punishment and the applica-
tion, as required by article 5, paragraph 2 of tion of coercive measures of medical nature.
the Convention for the Protection of Human It should be noted that the Psychiat-
Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. ric Clinical Hospital is guided in its activity
The main argument invoked by the ad- by the Law on Mental Health No. 1402 of
ministration and the staff of psychiatric hos- 16.12.1997, the Law on Judicial Expertise,
pitals, to justify the existing situation, is the Technical-Scientific and Forensic Results No.
fact that their primary mission is to provide 1086 of 23.06.2000, the Code of Criminal
medical care, while the legal procedures and Procedure, the Criminal Code, the Enforce-
special knowledge in this field is not their ment Code. According to the provisions of
responsibility. Such approaches, ignorance article 11 of the Law on Mental Health, the
and stigmatization of the persons with men- treatment of the persons suffering from
tal disabilities, as well as ignorance / insuf- mental disorders is done with their free con-
ficient knowledge of human rights by the sent, except for cases of applying coercive
psychiatric hospitals personnel raise reasons medical measures according to the provi-
of particular concern. sions of the Criminal Code167. In the case,
when there is no clarity with regard to the
During the visits to psychiatric hospitals
detention of arrested persons, whose pre-
a legislative flaw was found related to the
ventive arrest was revoked, and with regard
application of the provisions of article 490
to the tactics of offering psychiatric care ac-
of the Criminal Procedure166. At present, en-
cording to all regulatory acts in the field of
forcement of rulings on admission to a psy-
psychiatrics, pursuant to article 490 of the
chiatric institution is performed under article
Criminal Procedure Code we are faced with
490 of the Criminal Procedure Code by the
illegal detention of the hospitalized person
Public Medical-Sanitary Institution Clinical
in the Psychiatric Department for coercive
Psychiatric Hospital. The persons, who are
treatment through rigorous supervision of
investigated and, who are under arrest, are
the IMSP Clinical Psychiatric Hospital until
placed for forced treatment under rigorous
the pronunciation of the sentence. Numer-
ous recommendations and proposals on the
When the fact of illness of the person under
166
criminal investigation and who is under arrest,

revision of the legal framework in force were
is confirmed, the investigating judge orders, on submitted to solve this problem, so as to en-
the basis of the prosecutors request, his hospi- sure the legality of detention in psychiatric
talization in a psychiatric institution adapted institutions of persons, who are under crimi-
for holding persons under arrest, and revokes nal investigation and custody.
the preventive arrest. The administration of the
institution immediately notifies the investigating
prosecutor of the given case of a further impro-
vement of the health of the hospitalized person. Article 99 of the Criminal Code
167
384
CHAPTER II
Recommendations:
To raise public awareness on the situation of people with mental disabilities;
To review the regulatory framework governing the admission procedure to
the psychiatric institution of the persons whose illness is confirmed but are
under criminal investigation and in custody;
To ensure the quality of qualified legal assistance by raising the responsibility
of the public defenders;
To provide special training for the judges who handle cases of inpatient psy-
chiatric hospitalization without free consent;
To provide information to patients about human rights and fundamental
freedoms;
To ensure procedural rights to the patients, in cases of hospitalization without
free consent;
To provide the hospital employees with knowledge about the international
principles and standards of human rights, in general, and of the persons with
disabilities, in particular;
To develop and maintain the staffs skills on the following issues: prevention
and management of aggressive behaviour; prevention of abusive use and
safety use of immobilization and isolation measures; human rights, in general,
and patients rights, in particular.
5. Psycho-neurological homes
In the third CPT report, in the section dova: the psycho-neurological home in
about health services in prisons (CPT/Inf. (93) Balti, the psycho-neurological home from
12, paragraphs from 30 - to 77), CPT reminds Badiceni (Soroca), the psycho-neurological
a number of general criteria that guided its home from Brinzeni (Edinet), the psycho-
activity (access to a doctor, equal treatment, neurological home from Cocieri (Dubasari),
patient consent and confidentiality, preven- the boarding house for children with men-
tive medicine, professional independence tal disabilities from Orhei and the boarding
and competence). The same criteria are ap- house for children with mental disabilities
plied in the case of voluntary placement in from Hincesti.
psychiatric institutions. According to the Framework Regula-
For this reason, increased attention was tions on the Operation of the Psycho-Neu-
paid to the monitoring of human rights ob- rological Home from the city Balti, approved
servance in psycho-neurological homes un- by the Minister of Social Protection, Family
der the subordination of the Ministry of La- and Child of April 9, 2008 the boarding home
bour, Social Protection and Family. The sad is a temporary or permanent placement insti-
findings on the situation in these residential tution, which provides social and medical ser-
institutions prompted to continue moni- vices for persons with mental disabilities. The
toring the psycho-neurological homes and beneficiaries of social services are people,
make it a priority on the agenda for 2012. who are in a difficult situation generating
There are 4 psycho-neurological homes marginalization or social exclusion in the ab-
and 2 boarding houses for children with sence of support provided by family or com-
mental disabilities in the Republic of Mol- munity and are depended on tertiary assis-
385
CHAPTER II
tance. The purpose of the Boarding Home bilitation (kinetic therapy, physiotherapy,
is to provide social protection to beneficia- occupational therapy, psychotherapy), they
ries by offering measures for recuperation, are not sufficient. Too little attention is paid
maintenance of their capabilities and social to the preparation for socio-family reinte-
reintegration. The objectives of the Board- gration, the development and maintenance
ing Home are: to provide social and medical of the relations with the family and commu-
assistance to beneficiaries according to their nity. The listed services are not de facto pro-
special needs and individual development vided in some institutions.
peculiarities; facilitate socialization and re- None of the institutions has sufficient
socialization of the beneficiary with the ex- medical staff and nurses, which makes it im-
tended biological family or community. possible to provide adequate medical care
According to the Instructions on ac- and proper care of the beneficiaries with
commodation of the patronized in social a high degree of disability. Moreover, the
institutions subordinated to the Ministry of nurses are not qualified or do not have spe-
Labour, Social Protection and Family of the cialized training in psychiatric nursing.
Republic of Moldova, approved by the Min- The institutions have limited financial
ister of Labour, Social Protection and Family resources for the continuous professional
(No. 61/227 of 16.02.2000) and the Minister development training of doctors and nurses.
of Health (No. 06-34/188 of 16.03.2000), citi- The nurses are not at all included in the ini-
zens of the Republic of Moldova from the age tial and on-going training programmes. Like
of 4 (children with physical or mental disabili- in psychiatric hospitals, the shortage of per-
ties), persons with chronic psychic diseases, sonnel, inadequate training and the work-
and solitary senior citizens, requiring the care ing conditions contribute to increased risk
of another person, can be permanently or of ill-treatment and manifestation of aggres-
temporary accommodated in the social insti- sion towards the beneficiaries by the staff,
tutions under the Ministry of Labour, Social
A serious deficiency in the activity of the
Protection and Family.
psycho-neurological homes is the defective
The provisions of the Instructions and completion of personal files. Contrary to the
the Regulations for the Operation of the Psy- requirements of the Regulation Framework
cho-Neurologic Home contain divergences for the Operation of the Psycho-Neurologic
related to the mission of the institutions, Home, necessary documents are missing
the categories of beneficiaries, contraindi- from the files, including copies of identity
cations for placement in the institution, etc. documents. Thus, in one of the psycho-neu-
Thus, two regulatory acts, having the same rological homes, about 120 persons, out of
purpose and approved by the same authori- 458, had no identity cards. The competent
ty, contain different regulations on the same Ministry (MLSPF) was informed on this issue,
matter, which creates confusions. More- but no efficient measures are taken at the
over, the regulations contained in these acts level of central authority, the main reason
do not guarantee full respect of all human being limited financial resources allocated
rights and fundamental freedoms, including to the boarding homes, and the contributions
the rights of persons with mental disabilities. of the beneficiaries is insignificant taking into
The psycho-neurological homes provide consideration the cost of keeping a person in
social and medical services both for the el- the institution168. In this context, on the one
derly, and for the persons with mental dis- hand, there are doubts about the identity
abilities. of the persons kept in the institutions; on
Although the authorities make signifi- the other hand, the risk of human traffick-
cant effort to provide adequate living con- ing is high. In the same order of ideas, the
ditions and basic needs (food, clothing,
hygienic-sanitary norms, etc.), social and From the answer of the MLSPF No. 01-3828 of
168
medical services of recuperation and reha- 25/10/2012.
386
CHAPTER II
aspect related to pensions, benefits and pregnancies among the beneficiaries. At the
other rights/services, of which the persons same time, the beneficiaries and the nurses
cannot benefit in the absence of identity mentioned, among other things, that preg-
documents, remains unclear. nancies are interrupted by abortion in the
The beneficiaries accommodated in psy- public medical-sanitary institutions in the
cho-neurological homes possess mandatory region. Given the fact that the information
health insurance policies and can benefit of about pregnancy and the informed con-
medical services in the amount and in the sent about its interruption is missing in the
conditions stipulated in the Unique Manda- medical documentation, there is reasonable
tory Medical Insurance Programme. When suspicion that abortions are performed at
necessary medical care cannot be provided the discrete decision of the personnel of the
directly in the boarding homes, the ben- boarding homes without taking into consid-
eficiaries are transported to public medical- eration the opinions/wishes of the women.
sanitary institutions in the region. Measures for beneficiaries sexual education,
for popularizing and distributing contracep-
In case of acute mental diseases, the
tives are not taken in psycho-neurological
beneficiaries are transferred for treatment to
homes.
psychiatric hospitals. The duration of treat-
ment in hospitals varies from 5 to 30 days, At the same time, neither the legisla-
depending on the severity of the disease. tion in force, nor the competent Ministry
offer solutions for the beneficiaries of the
Following the ratification of the Con-
psycho-neurological homes, who decided
vention of the Rights of Persons with Dis-
to become mothers. The administration of
abilities, the Republic of Moldova commit-
the institutions is to solve all the problems
ted to undertake appropriate and effective
independently.
measures to guarantee the rights of persons
with disabilities so as they decide freely and During the visits, it was found that the
responsibly on the number of children and staff of psycho-neurologic homes shows no
the period between births and have access respect for the privacy and intimacy of the
to information, corresponding to their age beneficiaries; they do not knock on the door
about sexual education and family plan- and do not ask permission to come into the
ning, as well as provide the necessary means rooms. For example, during the visit itself,
to achieve these rights. Moreover, the state which was made during the quiet hours
recognizes, regulates and guarantees the time after lunch, in the period when many
rights of the persons of reproductive age, beneficiaries were resting or even sleeping,
which are an integral part of human rights169 the staff, accompanying the representatives
and stem from the constitutional rights of of the Centre for Human Rights, opened the
respect and protection of private and fam- doors and entered into the rooms, waking
ily life. Contrary to these guarantees, the and disturbing the people who were resting.
women, who live in psycho-neurological It was noted that some beneficiaries feel
homes, are deprived of the right to repro- inferior and fear the nurses. Although many
duction. Although the beneficiaries of affirmed that in some cases they are beaten
homes are not precluded to create couples or tied to the bed, the nurses categorically
and to decide on the lifestyle they lead to- denied this fact and said that they do not
gether, the administration of psycho-neuro- resort in any way to means that are restrict-
logical homes make considerable efforts to ing the free movement of the aggressive
prevent pregnancies through monitoring or restless beneficiaries. The visible signs of
and permanent medical examinations and physical violence are justified by the fights
categorically deny the existence of cases of among the beneficiaries, accidental falls,
or hits. Otherwise, the findings on the site
corroborated with the statements of the
Law on reproductive healthcare and family plan-
169
persons with whom it was discussed dur-
ning No. 185 of 24.05.2001.
387
CHAPTER II
ing the visits raise serious questions on the Based on the visits made to the psycho-
degree of protection against torture and neurological homes under the subordina-
ill-treatment offered by the state to the ben- tion of the Ministry of Labour, Social Protec-
eficiaries of psycho-neurological homes. The tion and Family, it is possible to conclude
lack of effective control/of a mechanism to that the state does not make enough efforts
prevent violence and abuse on behalf of the to guarantee the fact that the residential in-
staff towards the beneficiaries and among stitutions are safe places both for the benefi-
beneficiaries provide sufficient grounds for ciaries and for the employees.
a reasonable doubt about causing physical
or mental suffering, which represents inhu-
man and degrading treatment.
Recommendations:
To review the Instruction on of accommodation of the patronized in social in-
stitutions subordinated to the Ministry of Labour, Social Protection and Family
and the Regulations for the Operation of the Psycho-neurologic Homes, so as to
exclude divergences and fully guarantee respect for human rights and funda-
mental freedoms;
To review the personnel policy to provide sufficient number of staff , especially
medical one (doctors of various profiles, nurses, orderlies);
To take actions to identify the causes and conditions that favour the application
of ill-treatment to the beneficiaries and measures to counteract them;
To identify opportunities to support professional development trainings of the
staff, including for the nurses;
To exclude the transfer of beneficiaries to the closed regime section as punish-
ment;
Not to allow the involvement of beneficiaries in cleaning against their will;
To take minimally necessary measures to provide adequate living conditions:
repairs of sockets and switches, illumination and ventilation of rooms, repair of
flooring in the hallways, etc.;
To examine each case of violence and the appearance of injuries and report to
law enforcement agencies, as appropriate;
To establish strict supervision of the technical staff by the administration and the
qualified medical staff in order to prevent the ill-treatment of the beneficiaries.
388
CHAPTER III

CHAPTER III
Observance of Childrens Rights in the

Republic of Moldova
1. Juvenile Justice
The juvenile justice system continues to Currently, there is no well-structured and

be a priority issue for the Republic of Mol- effective juvenile delinquency prevention
dova. The importance of this issue is deter- program in the Republic of Moldova that
mined by the impact the justice system has would correspond to the above-mentioned
on both, the children in conflict with the guidelines. The existing programs are lim-
law (juvenile delinquents) and the children ited because they refer to actions for pre-
in contact with the law (juvenile victims or venting juvenile offences during summer or
witnesses). religious holidays in particular, and consist
The most efficient method to combat ju- of police supervision of the entertainment
venile delinquency is to create effective pre- facilities, etc. Such actions, however, are not
vention programs that meet the provisions effective for the long-term prevention of de-
of Resolution No. 45/112 of December 14, linquent behaviour among minors, and they
1990 regarding the prevention and combat- provide neither mechanisms nor a func-
ing of juvenile delinquency, adopted on by tional framework for juvenile delinquency
the General Assembly of the United Nations, prevention and control.
also known as the United Nations Guide-
lines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delin-
quency or The Riyadh Guidelines.170
1. The prevention of juvenile delinquency is an

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4. In the implementation of the present Guidelines,
essential part of crime prevention in society. By in accordance with national legal systems, the
engaging in lawful, socially useful activities and well-being of young persons from their early
adopting a humanistic orientation towards soci- childhood should be the focus of any preventive
ety and outlook on life, young persons can deve- program;
lop non-criminogenic attitudes. 5. The need for and importance of progressive ju-
2. The successful prevention of juvenile delinquen- venile delinquency prevention policies and the
cy requires efforts on the part of the entire so- systematic study and the elaboration of measu-
ciety to ensure the harmonious development of res should be recognized. These should avoid cri-
adolescents, with respect for and promotion of minalizing and penalizing a child for behaviour
their personality from early childhood; that do not cause serious damage.
3. For the purposes of the interpretation of the 6. Community-based services and programs should
present Guidelines, a child-centred orientation be developed for the prevention of juvenile de-
should be pursued. Young persons should have linquency, particularly where no agencies have
an active role and partnership within society and yet been established. Formal agencies or social
should not be considered as mere objects of so- control should only be used as a means of last
cialization or control; resort.
389
Observance of Childrens Rights in the Republic of Moldova CHAPTER III
Offences committed by juveniles during 2012

art. 145 of the CC Deliberate murder 14
art. 151 of the CC - Intentional severe bodily injury or damage to health 11
art. 152 of the CC Intentional severe bodily injury or damage to health 13
art. 155 of the CC Threatening with murder or severe bodily injury or
4
damage to health
art. 164 of the CC Kidnapping 6
art. 171 of the CC Rape 35
art. 172 of the CC Violent actions of sexual nature 13
art. 174 of the CC Sexual intercourse with a person under the age of 16 18
art. 175 of the CC Perverted actions 7
art. 186 of the CC Theft 1622
art. 187 of the CC Robbery 108
art. 188 of the CC Burglary 43
art. 190 of the CC Fraud 19
art. 192 of the CC Pick-pocketing 7
art. 179 of the CC Violation of the Inviolability of the Domicile 17
art. 192/1 of the CC Theft of vehicles 30
art. 197 of the CC Deliberate destruction or damaging of goods 1
art. 199 of the CC Acquisition or selling of goods known to have been
3
obtained by criminal means
art. 217 of the CC Illegal circulation of narcotic or psychotropic substances
38
or their analogues without purpose of alienation
art. 222 of the CC Profanation of graves 2
art. 264 of the CC Violation of safety traffic rules or operation of the
5
vehicles by the person driving the vehicle
art. 264/1 of the CC Driving in a state of acute alcoholic intoxication or in a
7
state of intoxications caused by other substances
art. 269 of the CC Violation of order and safety traffic rules 1
art. 287 of the CC Hooliganism 70
art. 290 of the CC Illegal holding, maintenance, procurement,
2
manufacture, repair or sale of firearms and ammunition and their theft
art. 311 of the CC False denunciation 1
art. 328 of the CC Excess of power or excess of official authority 1
art. 362 of the CC Illegal crossing of state borders 12
390
CHAPTER III

The analysis of the official statistics related At the same time, although recidivism is
to juvenile delinquency reveals that theft and much less frequent among offence commit-
robbery are the most often offences committing youth, the strengthening of the proba-
ted by minors, followed by offences such as: tion system could, however, substantially
hooliganism, sexual offences and illegal drug contribute to the social reintegration of per-
circulation offences. The majority of minors sons in conflict with the law.
who committed crimes do not attend school According to official statistics172, 946 of
and are not employed. Most juvenile offend- all criminal cases were ceased during the
ers are of the age between 16 - 17 (about investigation stage, of which 47 cases were
70% of all offences); followed by the 14-15 closed under articles 54 and 104 of the Crimi-
age group (about 27% of all offences) and, nal Code of the Republic of Moldova. These
to a very limited extent, by minors under 14 articles stipulate the release of minors from
(about 3% of all of offences). In most cases, criminal liability by applying coercive edu-
minors commit crimes for the first time. They cational measures, preponderantly such as
come mainly from disadvantaged, single- warnings and the minors entrust under the
parent, or multiple children families or mi- supervision of his/her parents or of the per-
nors remained without parental supervision. sons replacing them. The ombudsman con-
Thus, the criminological analysis of the phe- siders that this procedure is a formal one and
nomenon shows that the precarious financial that the supervision of minors does not actu-
situation is one of the factors that determine ally take place.
the deviant behaviour among minors. About
The issue regarding the creation of an in-
80% of all crimes are committed by minors
stitution specialized in the rehabilitation and
from this social category. The government
social reintegration of children, who commit-
should therefore strive to ensure the welfare
ted but were not held liable for crimes, was
of young persons, such as provided for by the
not solved in 2012 either. The vacuum, thus
Riyadh Guidelines.
created, persists since 2010, when the board-
The sexual offences and the illegal drug ing school for children with deviant behav-
circulation offences are basis of concern as iour from Solonet, Soroca district, was shut
well. It was shown that the victims of this down due to non-compliance with appropri-
type of offences are mainly children deprived ate standards in the field.
of parental supervision.
The special rooms for hearing the minor
The provisions of the Resolution empha- victims or crime witnesses are an efficient
size the need to strengthen the society ef- mechanism to avoid the minors re-victim-
forts, the community role in influencing the ization during the hearing process. The use
childs orientation, as well as the develop- of such rooms in developed countries has
ment of community-based services and pro- shown good results in this regard. The om-
grams. Regretfully, we should mention that budsman welcomes the authorities actions
community-based programs, such as sport- to strengthen this mechanism.
ive, cultural and other activities aimed at cul-
tivating a healthy lifestyle among the youth
and at establishing a favourable environment
for youth socialization and healthy interper-
sonal relations, are weakly developed171.
Although according to the provisions of art. 14,

171
letter v) of the Law on Local Public Administra-

tion, No. 436-XVI, of 28.12.2006, one of the basic
competences of the local Councils is to contribu-
te to the organization of cultural, artistic, sportive
and entertainment activities of local interest, the Submitted by the General Prosecutors Office at
172
provisions remain largely at the legislation level. the request of the ombudsman
391
2. The Right to Education

2.1 Structural educational reform vehicles. At the same time, the large number
The structural educational reform was of dismissed teachers, particularly based on
one of the most important issues in the field voluntary resignation applications, and as a
of childrens rights in 2011 and 2012. direct result of reform implementation, calls
for a rigorous monitoring by the relevant in-
The Report on Observance of Human
stitutions, in order to avoid abuses or pres-
Rights for 2011 includes an analysis of the
sure that could lead to the violation of the
implementation of the structural educa-
dismissed persons right to labour.
tional reform. Additional data were solicited
later in 2012 for a more extensive analysis, The Ombudsman is aware that this re-
as well as to monitor the developments in form is necessary, in order to ensure the
this field. Thus, it was found that, of all the childrens access to quality education, par-
institutions touched by the reform, approxi- ticularly of children from rural areas. On the
mately 74% (or 128) were reorganized and other hand, the authorities should make
26% (or 45) were closed173. sure that the reform implementation ben-
efits of a realistic financial coverage and that
Related to human resources, approxi-
no violation of the dismissed persons, chil-
mately 20% (or 258 persons) of the employ-
drens and parents rights is admitted during
ees were transferred, 7% (or 88 persons)
its implementation.
- retrained, and 73% (or 917 persons) laid
off. 34% of the dismissed personnel (or 313 2.2. Obligatory vaccination
persons) were employed as technical staff
and 66% (or 604 persons) as teachers. The mandatory prophylactic vaccination
The reasons for the teachers layoff were upon childrens admission to educational
the following: 49% (or 298 persons) were and recreational institutions was an impor-
dismissed due to having reached the retire- tant and echoing issue in 2012. This norm is
ment age, 12% (or 71 persons) based on provided for in paragraph (6), article 52 of
their own resignation requests and 39% (or the Law on State Control on Public Health,
235 persons) as a direct result of the reform No. 10 of 03.02.2009.
implementation174. In their appeals to the ombudsman, the
With regard to the childrens commute to parents, whose children were not admitted
district schools, we found that 9,243 children to educational institutions because they had
use transportation means to go to school on not been vaccinated, alleged that their re-
a daily basis. According to the data provided fusal to immunize their children was deter-
by the LPA, approximately 231 vehicles were mined either by the lack of trust in the vac-
needed for this aim at the time of the data cine quality and the possible side effects of
collection. However, the LPA had only 207 the vaccination, or by their religious beliefs,
vehicles, of which 104 (or 50%) were provid- the lack of detailed information that would
ed by the CPA, 41 (or 20%) - by the LPA, and have calmed their concerns regarding the
62 vehicles (or 30%) were rented. vaccination and its benefits, the imposition
of certain conditions to obtain the parental
In view of the above, the ombudsman
consent for vaccination. The parents also
points out the issue related to the childrens
think that the mentioned legal provision
commute to district schools, which is affect-
considerably limits their right to take deci-
ed by the fact that LPAs lack the necessary
sions regarding their childrens health, to
http://ombudsman.md/file/MNPT%20PDF/Ra-
173 take responsibility for their childrens health
port%20tematic%20%20REFORMA%20IN%20 through vaccination, vaccination refusal or
INVATAMANT%202222.pdf selective vaccination, depending on the in-
Information provided by the district/mu-
174 dividual characteristics of each child.
nicipal education departments.
392
CHAPTER III

Through this legal provision, the Parlia- However, according to Government De-
ment has unduly imposed the restriction of cision No. 448 of 04.09.98 Regarding text-
the right to education to a minority group, book provision to students in primary, gym-
that of unvaccinated children, and has ne- nasium and lyceum education, a textbook
glected the principle of compulsory general rental system was introduced for students in
education. This restriction does not conform gymnasiums and lyceums starting with the
to the provisions of art. 35, paragraph (1) of school year of 1998-1999. The Ministry of
the Constitution, and is not commensurate Education, in coordination with the Ministry
with the situation that determined its estab- of Finance and the Ministry of Labour, Social
lishment and, subsequently, affects the sub- Protection and Family, establishes a rental
stance of the law. fee for each textbook yearly, depending on
The ombudsman considers that there its condition and full cost175.
are sufficient leverages in the national leg- Fully (100%) subsidized from the state
islation to ensure the public health main- budget are only curricula and syllabi for
tenance and that the parents, or their legal all the educational institutions; pre-school
representatives, are the primary caretakers manuals and other didactic books; text-
who have direct responsibility for their chil- books, didactic materials, atlases and maps
drens health. However, in the ombudsmans for students attending all types of boarding
opinion, the following allow state control of schools; manuals and other didactic books
public health without rejecting a fundamen- for the elementary education in schools of
tal right the right to education, that is pro- all types176.
vided in the Constitution by means of the The publication of textbooks in Bulgar-
principle of compulsory general education: ian, Gagauz and Ukrainian, as manuals of
adequate legal provisions coupled with the native language, is partially subsidized from
consolidation of public confidence in the the state budget, as jointly established by
childrens immunization programs and in the Ministry of Education and the Ministry
the benefits of vaccination; the training of of Finance.
the medical staff in charge of the childrens
According to section 4 of the above-
immunization; and the use of innovative
mentioned Government Decision, the lo-
and effective vaccines.
cal public administration authorities define
It is the state authorities responsibility to special allowances for children from disad-
ensure a balance between the need for the vantaged families to pay the textbook rental
public interest protection, on one hand, and fees and plan in their budget the necessary
the fundamental human rights, on the other. amounts to cover a partial exemption of up
The special measures taken by the Repub- to 70% of these fees. The beneficiaries of the
lic of Moldova to ensure the public health textbook rental fee will not exceed 20% of
control and the public interest protection the total number of students.
comes at the expense of the best interests
The Minister of Education issued Or-
of the child and does not keep this fair bal-
der No. 400 of 23.05.2012 on the approval
ance, based on which the objectives of the
of rental fees for gymnasium and lyceum
Convention for the Protection of Human
textbooks for the academic year 2012-2013
Rights and Fundamental Freedoms were de-
termined by the European Court of Human
Rights. Section 2, subsection 5) of the Government De-
175
cision No. 448 of 09.04.98 Regarding textbook

provision to students in primary, gymnasium and
2.3 Textbook rental lyceum education
Article 35, paragraph (4) of the Consti- Section 2, subsection 1) of Government Decision
176
tution of the Republic of Moldova provides No. 448 of 09.04.98 Regarding textbook provisi-
on to students in primary, gymnasium and lyce-
that public education is free of charge. um education
393
based on the Government Decision No. 448 Taking into consideration that the pro-
of 09.04.1998 Regarding textbook provi- posals of the Ministry of Education to forbid
sions to students in in primary, gymnasium the teachers involvement in donations col-
and lyceum education (including ulterior lection and the approval of the Regulation
amendments), annex No. 2, section 5. on the cooperation of educational institu-
The ombudsman believes that Order No. tions with community-based associations
400 of 23.05.2012 of the Minister of Educa- are not viable means to solve this problem
tion, as well as the Government Decision No. for good, the ombudsman reiterates his pre-
448 of 09.04.1998, based on which this Or- vious recommendations regarding the elab-
der had been issued, obviously contradicts oration of effective mechanisms that would
the provisions of the Constitution, and this ensure the do nors anonymity, so as to avoid
issue will be examined during 2013. the identification of the parents, who do not
pay the school fees or who cover them par-
2.4 School fees tially, depending on their possibilities. Such
The issue of school fees was a hot topic an approach would eliminate the parents
in 2012 as well. Although the authorities de- coercion leverages and would guarantee at
clare that the school fees are parents volun- the same time an equal and non-discrimina-
tary donations, in reality, various methods tory treatment towards their children.
are used to compel the parents to pay these
2.5 Inclusive education
fees. The first step is to force the parents to
become members of the parent associations The Constitution of the Republic of Mol-
under the pretext of the right to associate. dova and the Law on Education177 guaran-
This is usually a prerequisite for a childs tee the right to education, with disregard of
admission to an educational institution. nationality, sex, age, origin and social status,
According to the associations statute, one political or religious affiliation, criminal re-
of the members responsibilities is the pay- cord of the beneficiary m of education. The
ment of fees, such as established by the Par- State shall ensure equal access to the edu-
ent Council of the educational institution. cational institutions of all levels and stages,
depending on skills and capacities.
At the same time, the right of children
Because a child was raised in a sin- with disabilities is stipulated in Article 23
gle-parent family, his mother did of the UN Convention on the Rights of the
not have the possibility to pay the Child, which stipulates that recognizing
school fees for the first two months the special needs of a disabled child, assis-
of his 5th grade. Thus, the pres- tance extended shall be provided for free of
sures on the child began, which charge, whenever possible, taking into ac-
led to his aggressive behaviour, count the financial resources of the parents
poor school performance, etc. In or others caring for the child, and shall be
December, the child refused to go designed to ensure that the disabled child
to school for the above-mentioned has effective access and receives education
...
reasons. He was subsequently
transferred to another educational In the context of the constitutional pro-
institution. visions, as well as of the commitments taken
by the Republic of Moldova at the ratifica-
tion of the Convention, the Government of
The stigmatization of children by means the Republic of Moldova approved the Inclu-
of a biased evaluation of their school perfor- sive Education Development Programme for
mance is a second step to compel the par-
ents pay the fees. Such cases were examined
by the ombudsman in the previous years. Art. 6 of the Law on Education No. 547- XIII of
177
21/07/95
394
CHAPTER III

the periood 2011-2020178, that places inclu- mentation of inclusive education principles.
sive education among the educational pri- Also, several workshops were organized in
orities. This program will be implemented in the framework of these seminars and were
three stages: a) 2011-2012: the elaboration aimed at addressing practical aspects of in-
of a regulatory framework for the develop- clusive education.
ment of inclusive education, b) 2013-2016: Equal rights and opportunities, the best
the implementation of inclusive education interests of the child, non-discrimination,
models; c) 2017-2020: the Program imple- and appreciation of the differences between
mentation on a large scale. children, early intervention, and individual-
The document stipulates the inclusion ization of the education process are funda-
conditions for the de-institutionalized chil- mental pillars in the organization of the in-
dren from boarding schools, as well as the clusive education process.
schooling of children with special educa- The ombudsman appreciates the au-
tional needs in general educational institu- thorities initiative to intensify the efforts
tions. In conformity with Order No. 739 of aimed at the achievement of the provisions
the Ministry of Education of the 15, August of the UN Convention on the Rights of the
2011, the inclusive education model was to Child. At the same time, in terms of the right
be implemented in the educational institu- to education, this program will contribute to
tions from Floresti and Ialoveni districts. the elimination of all forms of discrimination
Capacity strengthening of the human against the children with disabilities. The
resources that will be involved in the organi- development of an infrastructure tailored to
zation of the inclusive education process is the needs of the disabled persons is also very
a necessary condition for the success of this important for the entire network of educa-
process. Methodological seminars were or- tional institutions. We would like to remind
ganized for school managers, deputy school that, according to the results of an evalua-
managers on education and psychologists tion carried out by the ombudsman179,
from general education institutions in this only 2% (48 institutions) of the monitored
aim. During these seminars, the participants educational institutions were adapted for
were trained on inclusive education meth- the access of persons with disabilities, while
odology, the role of the administrative and 98% (1882 institutions) did not provide the
teaching staff in the promotion and imple- necessary access conditions for this group.
Government Decision No. 523 of 11.07.2011,

178
on the approval of Inclusive Education Develop- 179

ment Programme in the Republic of Moldova for TE%20TEMATICE%20PDF/acces%20educa-
the period 2011-2020 tie%20FINAL.pdf
3. Child Protection against Abuse

The provisions of article 24, paragraph gent treatment, maltreatment or exploita-
(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of tion, including sexual abuse180.
Moldova guarantee to everybody the right Child abuse is still a major issue in the
to life and physical and mental integrity. focus of attention of the Ombudsman. The
Also, according to the provisions of the UN Ombudsman shared its opinion on different
Convention on the Rights of the Child, the forms of abuse in the previous reports.
State has the obligation to protect the child
from all forms of violence, physical or mental Article 19 of the UN Convention on the Rights of
180
violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negli- the Child
395
Violence in schools is a growing phe- At the same time, the aggressors isola-
nomenon that takes least expected forms. tion from the victims remains a valid prob-
For example, the number of student- lem. Although according to the legal frame-
teacher violence cases is increasing. These work, the court may decide on the need to
are outnumbered by the student-student set a protection order, the application of this
violence acts only, and are more frequent measure is hampered by the lack of facili-
than the teacher-student violence cases. ties, where the aggressor could be placed.
The ombudsman continues to believe that In these circumstances, the aggressor con-
violence in school, particularly in cases tinues to live with his victims in the major-
where the student is the aggressor, can be ity of the cases. We would like to note that,
opposed through qualified psychological in this context, it is more reasonable, from
assistance of preventing, identification and both methodological and financial consid-
resolution of simple cases at educational in- erations, for the aggressor, rather than his
stitution level and, in more complex cases, victims, to be placed in a specialized reha-
through the creation of regional psycho- bilitation centre. The need to coerce the ag-
logical assistance centres. These regional gressor to follow an appropriate treatment
centres could be an alternative solution to could be simultaneously examined during
the mechanisms foreseen in paragraph (7), his placement in such a centre.
art. 43 of the Law on Education No. 547- One of the worst forms of child abuse
XIII of July,21, 1995181, that should provide is certainly the sexual abuse, due to the
these psychological services and elaborate serious consequences on the childs de-
special programmes (such as mutual sup- velopment and on his/her psychological
port groups) for the teachers and the other integrity. This type of abuse is considered
staff of the pre-university educational insti- as serious because it is the most difficult to
tutions in order to maintain a non-violent document. According to specialists, it is dif-
environment. In reality, these mechanisms ficult to assess the true extent of the phe-
are mainly non-functional182. nomenon given that many cases are not
Domestic violence is a social phenom- reported neither by the victims nor by the
enon in which children are usually collateral witnesses, because both fear the abuser, or
victims. With regard to this issue, we have the victims are afraid of being stigmatized.
to mention that the most viable solution In some cases, when the victim comes from
to combat this phenomenon is continuous a disadvantaged family, whose parents lead
public information on the rights, in order an immoral life or abuse alcohol, it appears
to contribute to the change of perception that children become victims also because
on the domestic violence phenomenon, as of their parents unconsciousness, as the lat-
well as social and psychological assistance ter accept financial arrangements in order
provided to families, where violent acts take to withdraw the complaint filed against the
place. abuser. According to the ombudsman, the
children feel abandoned and betrayed in
such situations. They lose their self-esteem,
which leads to serious psychological conse-
pedagogic labs, methodical-psycho-pedagogical
181
centers, psychological services, child protection quences, i.e. imminent danger for the childs
inspectorates and medico-psycho-pedagogical life and development.
committees, that are subordinated to the educa- During the examination of a case on e
tional departments, whose structure and respon-
sibilities are established through regulations ap- sexual abuse of a minor, the ombudsman
proved by the Government in the framework of found that the prosecutor reclassified the
the General Department of Education. abusers gestures from the extremely seri-
http://ombudsman.md/file/RAPOARTE%20TE-
182
ous offence category to that of less seri-
MATICE%20PDF/Raport%20Tematic%20art.%20 ous offences. Although the abuser pleaded
43%20%20final.pdf
396
CHAPTER III

guilty, the prosecutors actions allowed Suicide is determined by: the victims
the application of Art. 109 of the Criminal desire to reach out to his/her parents, loved
Code183, based on which the criminal pros- ones and/or friends; jealousy of a girlfriend/
ecution was terminated. The prosecutors boyfriend; loneliness; marginalization or
actions aroused the ombudsmans suspi- ignorance of close people; interdictions
cion, particularly given the fact that the imposed by the legal representatives; etc.
child came from a disadvantaged family, The juveniles often commit suicide through
and her mother was an alcohol addict. The medicine overdose, strangulation, jumps-
ombudsman asked the General Prosecu- offs from significant heights.
tors Office to verify the legality of the de- Given the fact, that some of the children,
cisions issued during the criminal prosecu- who committed suicide, had their parents
tion, and to warn the prosecutors on their working abroad, we conclude that the chil-
duties, particularly when examining crimi- dren in lack of parental care are left without
nal cases involving minors. As a result of the the necessary support to overcome their
ombudsmans intervention, the decision on age-specific difficulties. It is a proof that
the criminal prosecution termination was the existing services, which should repre-
cancelled by the order of the Prime Deputy sent an alternative to parental care, are un-
of the General Prosecutor and the prosecu- derdeveloped. In this context, we reiterate
tor who handled this criminal case, as well the problems previously enunciated by the
as the Deputy District Attorney received ombudsman and namely: poor operation of
disciplinary sanctions. The child victim ben- the mechanisms stated in article 43, para-
efited of needed psychological rehabilita- graph (7) of the Law on Education; absence
tion assistance. of psychologists in schools; and inadequate
provision of social services.
3.1 Juvenile Suicide The community social worker has a key
Juvenile suicide cases are being pub- role in identifying the children left without
licized more frequently. According to offi- parental care, especially the children that
cial data, 15 suicide cases were registered do not benefit of any form of protection
among minors in 2008, 10 cases - in 2009, and who are most at risk of committing sui-
12 - in 2010, 18 - in 2011, and 26 cases of cide. Once identified, these children should
juvenile suicides were recorded in 2012. be the focus of attention of the educational
institutions. The tutelage authority should
According to experts, the suicide in mi-
work very closely with the educational in-
nors is caused by oppressive disturbances,
stitutions, given that the school is another
profound disappointment, severe shock,
major player in a childs life, particularly in
emotional conflict, etc.
monitoring his/her state of mind, which is
facilitated by the daily interaction of edu-
Reconciliation (1) Reconciliation is the act of
183 cational institution representatives with
avoiding criminal liability for a minor or less seri- children. Unfortunately, due to insufficient
ous offence. In the case of minors it also includes operation of the mechanisms stipulated in
avoiding a serious offence and offences referred
article 43, paragraph (7) of the Law on Edu-
to in chapters II-VI of the Special Part, as well as in
the cases referred to in the criminal procedures. cation, which provide for teacher training
(2) The reconciliation is personal and has juridical on the early identification and prophylaxis
impact from the moment when criminal investi- of the emotional and behavioural devia-
gation is initiated to the time when the panel of tions in pupils, it is possible that some of the
judges is recessed for deliberation. (3) In the case
of the person lacks legal capacity, the reconcilia- teaching staff lack the necessary knowl-
tion is negotiated by their legal representatives. edge to accomplish such tasks. At the same
Those with limited legal capacity can recon- time, the presence of a school psychologist,
cile with the consent of the persons provided who would oversee the maintenance of a
by the law.
397
healthy emotional atmosphere in the edu- which implies both close and effective co-
cational institution, is necessary for both, operation of all authorities at the commu-
the prevention and the prophylaxis of emo- nity level, as well as consolidation of the
tional deviations in schoolchildren. efforts of the entire community, is a viable
According to the ombudsman, such a solution for such important social problems
comprehensive approach to the problem, as the juvenile suicide.
4. The Right to Health Care

According to article 24 of the UN Con- however, because the criminal prosecution
vention on the Rights of the Child, State had not been completed.
Parties recognize the right of the child to the Unfortunately, in the cases examined
enjoyment of the highest attainable stan- by the ombudsman on negligent infringe-
dard of health and to facilities for the treatment of the rules and methods of medical
ment of illness and rehabilitation of health. assistance provision, the consequences, for
States parties shall pursue full implementa- the children that were subject to such negli-
tion of this right and, in particular, shall take gence, were serious and very serious, includ-
appropriate measures: (a) to diminish infant ing misdiagnosis184 or even death185.
and child mortality; (b) to ensure the provi-
sion of necessary medical assistance and
health care to all children with emphasis on h t t p : / / o m b u d s m a n . m d / m d / n e w s l s t /
184
the development of primary health care... 1211/1/5917/

During 2012, the Ombudsman exam- http://ziar.jurnal.md/2012/11/09/%E2%80%9E
185
ined 7 cases on negligent violation of the of-ne-mananca-puscaria%E2%80%9D/

http://www.protv.md/stiri/social/anestezicul-admi-
rules and methods of medical assistance nistrat-copilului-decedat-pe-masa-de-operatie.
provision, which needed the involvement of html
the Prosecutors Office. Subsequent criminal http://www.publika.md/viata-distrusa-la-nastere-
prosecution was initiated in all of the above- -o-mama-nu-se-poate-bucura-de-zambetul-pro-
mentioned cases. priului-copil_899741.html
http://www.jurnal.md/ro/news/avocatul-par-
Also, acting in the best childs interest, lamentar-al- copilului-a-vizitat-satul-bal-
the ombudsman filed a civil action in court. ata-219755/
The civil case examination was suspended, http://www.prime.md/ro/news/un-copil-de-patru-
luni-a-decedat-la-o-zi-dupa-vaccinare-2012396/
A child of only 4 years of age had to suffer unbearable pain for 20 days because
the doctors diagnosed her incorrectly. Having fallen from a swing, the child
fractured her hand. The parents called an ambulance the same day and the child
was transported to the Childrens Hospital No. 3. There, the minor underwent
radiographic examination. Subsequently, the patients doctor recommended
the application of an elastic bandage, an ointment and drinking syrup for 10
days. Since the child was in pain, the parents took her to another doctor, who
repeated the radiographs. Following the repeated examination, the doctor con-
cluded on a bone fracture. Twenty days after the incident, the child underwent
an emergency surgery. Having examined the mothers complaint and the en-
closed papers, the ombudsman requested the involvement of the Ministry of
Health and of the Prosecutors Office in the investigation of this case. Thus, a
disciplinary sanction was issued to the doctor who diagnosed the child incor-
rectly and the Prosecutors Office started criminal prosecution case based on
the offence under article 213 of the Criminal Code negligent infringement of
the rules and methods of medical assistance provision.
398
CHAPTER III

One of the most resonant cases was that Asked to provide explanations on this
of the gymnasium pupils from the village case, the Ministry of Health denies these al-
of Baltata, Criuleni district, who underwent legations, specifying in its answer to the om-
tuberculin testing (Mantoux 2 UT sampling). budsman that the testing process was car-
Following the test, a large number of chil- ried out in accordance with all requirements
dren experienced side effects. As result, 18 in force186.
of the tested pupils were hospitalized in the The ombudsman is concerned about the
Reanimation Ward of the Scientific Research seriousness and the professionalism of the
Institute of Mother and Child Health Care in health system employees, given the grow-
Chisinau. ing number of cases of non-compliance to
The ombudsman made a visit Baltata the rules and methods of medical assistance
and talked to the children, involved in this provision committed by the health care staff.
case, and to their parents. According to Another reason for concern is the absence of
them, the parents had not been informed known cases of sanctioning for committed
about the test, which was performed with medical errors or non-correspondence of
usual syringes and not with the self-locking sanctions with the seriousness of the com-
disposable ones, as required by current reg- mitted malpractice.
ulations. Thus, it is assumed that a dosage
error occurred, which caused side effects in
Letter No. 01-8/1188 of the 29th of May, 2012 sig-
186
some children. ned by the Minister of Health
5. The Right to Social Aid and Protection

As a result of the examination of the between the two levels of the LPA, as well as
complaints received by the Centre for Hu- the failure of the level II authorities to fulfil
man Rights, it was found that one of the their specific duties in coordinating the au-
problems citizens deal with is related to thorities of level I187.
the establishment and payment of allow- The ombudsman considers that the
ances for adopted children and youth un- discrepancy of the data collected by the
der guardianship/curatorship. These allow- social aid structures and the local authori-
ances must be provided in order to ensure ties of level I could be eliminated by cre-
a decent living to children without parental ating a single information system. Such a
care in conformity with the Government system would allow the centralised collec-
Decision No. 198 of April 16, 1993 on Protec- tion of data on children without parental
tion of Children and Socially Disadvantaged care, that were adopted, or who are under
Families. guardianship or curatorship, as well as a
In order to evaluate the status quo in this more rigorous control of both, the verac-
field, the ombudsman initiated the moni- ity of information, and the compliance
toring of the allowance management by with legal provisions. At the same time, it
the tutelage authorities from the Soldanesti was discovered that some authorities did
territorial-administrative unit. Information not pay allowances of 600 lei based on the
was requested from local public authorities
of both I and II levels, in order to verify the
accuracy of allowance management. The duties of the social aid structure are set forth
187
It was found that the data provided by in article 13 of the Law on Social Aid No. 547 of
the local public authorities of level I differed December 25, 2003 and in the Framework Regu-
lation on the Organization and Functioning of
from those provided by the local public the Territorial Social Aid Structure, approved by
authorities of level II. The data discrepancy Order of the Minister of Labor, Social Protection
revealed poor and ineffective collaboration and Family No. 024 of December 8, 2009.
399
recent modifications188, but rather contin- Thus, the information obtained from
ued to pay an amount of 500 lei in accor- courts revealed that, during the years 2010-
dance with the previous provisions. Another 2012, 5,876 appeals were filed with regard to
issue for concern regards the community alimony payment. After thorough examina-
information on the forms of protection pro- tion, the court decided to issue 1,444 court
vided to children without parental care and orders establishing the alimony amount and
on the importance of these mechanisms in 3,500 enforcements for alimony payment.
the observance of the rights of the child. To monitor the extent to which suchlike
During its evaluation, the Ombudsman enforcements are being implemented, the
also identified cases when the allowances ombudsman analysed data from 41 bailiffs.
were not paid at all, although the applicants It was found that out of a total of 2,696 is-
met all the legal requirements. sued enforcements, only 309 were executed.
The ombudsman thinks that in such At the same time, reconciliations were con-
situations the childs constitutional right to cluded in 113 cases, the implementation of
social aid and protection, such as stipulated enforcements was suspended in 40 cases,
in article 47 of the Constitution of the Re- and, in 196 cases, the debtor refused to pay
public of Moldova, according to which the the claimed alimony. As for the other en-
State is obligated to ensure that every per- forcements189, the bailiffs mention not being
son has a decent standard of living, was in- able to fulfil their duties in the execution of
fringed. the court order due to the fact that the debt-
ors are either abroad or their residence place
At the same time, according to article 27,
cannot be determined.
paragraph (4) of the UN Convention, gov-
ernments are required to take appropriate In the case of the debtors refusal to pay
measures to ensure that the child receives the alimony, the bailiffs submitted 20 sub-
alimonies from his/her parents or from other poenas to summon the debtor for offence
persons having financial responsibility for liability190 for the non-execution of the court
him/her, regardless of whether these are in order and, later on, 16 subpoenas - for de-
the home country or abroad. In the cases liberate non-execution or for evasion from
when a person, who has financial responsi- serving a court order, if these were commit-
bility for a child, lives in a different country ted after the application of the offence sanc-
than the childs, the governments should tion.
promote the adherence to international Thus, we conclude that the percentage
agreements or the signature of such agree- of the solved cases on the collection of ali-
ments, as well as the adoption of other rel- monies for a minor child is reduced, repre-
evant arrangements. senting approximately 15.65% of the total
Based on citizens appeals received year number of enforcements received by bailiffs.
after year, alleging that the alimony pay- According to the ombudsman, this trend
ment is a serious problem, which violates represents a serious violation of childrens
the childs right to a decent living, the om- right to a decent life, since, in many cases,
budsman has launched an investigation in these funds are the only source of survival
order to determine the conditions, which for these children.
generate this situation, and to find solutions.
On February 10, 2012, Government Decision No.

188
78 of February 8, 2012, regarding the approval

of amendments and the additions to certain Their share is of 2038 enforcements or of 75%
189
Government decisions, entered into force. Accor- of the total of 2,696 enforcements received
ding to this Decision, a monthly allowance of 600 by the 41 bailiffs, who were included in the
lei shall be paid to the adoptive parents and gu- ombudsmans investigation.
ardians/curators for each adopted child or youth In conformity with provisions of article 318 of the
190
under guardianship or curatorship. Contravention Code of the Republic of Moldova
400
CHAPTER III

6. The Right to Freedom of Opinion
Studies on the impact of television on ing to statistics, the rates of suicide in youth,
child development showed that the percep- juvenile delinquency, school dropout, child
tions, a TV-watching child could have, vary abuse, etc. are on the increase. Accordingly,
based on his/her age, sex, residential envi- in such circumstances the education-devel-
ronment, and, at times, also based on the opment function of television gets ampli-
consumers profile. The TV-watching child fied.
develops due to different variables. The TV Besides this social approach to the right
is a socialization factor and an element that to freedom of opinion, we should mention
contributes to the identity development in that the freedom of opinion and expression
youth. Television reveals to a child a world is also a right guaranteed by the Constitu-
he/she could talk about, serves as a means tion of the Republic of Moldova, through
of entertainment, and provides behaviour the provisions of article 32. However, article
and role models to follow. 9 of the Law on Childs Rights, No. 338-XIII of
These aspects of TV influence on chil- 15.12.94, stipulates the childs right to intel-
dren demonstrate the importance of the lectual capacity development. This right of
contents of the TV programs, the child has the child is also stipulated in articles 12 and
access to, and thus, the information flow 13 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the
should be conditioned by these factors. Child.
The results of our analysis of the sched- Summarizing the mentioned above, the
ule of programmes on the national TV ombudsman considers that Moldovan tele-
channel showed that only about 4% and, vision channels should reserve more airtime
respectively, 2% of airtime is reserved for for children and teen programs that would
programmes for children and youth. equally aim at opinion expression and cog-
Based on the observations of the Centre nitive development.
for Human Rights and on the opinions ex- Although we realize that the Teleradio-
pressed by specialists in the field, it must be Moldova Company is a public institution
concluded that children in the Republic of that enjoys the right to editorial indepen-
Moldova are mainly consumers of programs dence and whose TV programmes are of
for adults, which leaves its print on child de- generalized character, nevertheless, the so-
velopment. cial responsibility of this institution, as com-
The role of television, as a source of in- pared to other similar institutions, is much
formation, is very important. In the current more important, based on its duties that are
context of parental labour migration, its role stipulated in the legislation governing this
is amplified. It is known reality that in the field191.
Republic of Moldova many children are left
without parental supervision, responsible Articles 50 and 51 of the Code on Audio-visual of
191
for their own education. As result, accord- the Republic of Moldova
7. The Right to Freedom of Opinion

The family is the natural and fundamen- grow in a family environment, in an atmo-
tal element of society and is entitled to be- sphere of happiness, love and understand-
ing protected by the society and the State. ing. The right to family, the facilitation of the
The state and society protection of children, childs development and his/her protection,
families and maternity is of primary political, as well as the care of orphans are recognized
social and economic concern in the Repub- in article 48, 49 and 50 of the Constitution of
lic of Moldova. For the harmonious develop- the Republic of Moldova.
ment of his/her personality, the child must
401
Every child has the right to live in a fam- budsman addressed, among others, the
ily, to know his/her parents, to be cared for issues related to the implementation of the
by the latter, to co-live with them, unless the Law on the Legal Adoption Procedures No.
separation from a parent or both parents is 99 of 26.05.2010. Based on the discussions
required in the interest of the child192. during the above-mentioned meetings, as
According to article 20 of the UN Con- well as on the information requested from
vention on the Rights of the Child, A child, the tutelage authorities196, the ombudsman
who is temporarily or permanently de- identified serious problems that hinder the
prived of his or her family environment, or implementation of this law, such as:
in whose own best interests cannot be al- Lack of psychologists
lowed to remain in that environment, shall
be entitled to special protection and assis- According to the legal provisions197, the
tance provided by the State. State Parties applicants for adoption should have their
shall in accordance with their national laws moral capacities and skills for the adoption
ensure alternative care for such a child. of one or more children evaluated. Howev-
When considering solutions, due regard er, the territorial social assistance structures
shall be paid to the desirability of continuare not staffed with psychologists;
ity in a childs upbringing and to the childs
Poorly performed psychological
ethnic, religious, cultural and linguistic
expertise
background.
In order to observe the legal provisions,
Adoption is one of the priority forms
the leading specialist of the territorial tu-
of protection for a child without parental
telage authority is forced to request the
care193. This special form of protection, ap-
services of psychologists from other insti-
plied in the best interests of the child, es-
tutions who are not aware of the specific
tablishes the filiation between the adopted
aspects of adoption. Also, the psychosocial
child and his/her adoptive parents, as well
evaluation should be performed by a psy-
as kinship ties between the adopted child
chologist based on at least 3 meetings with
and the relatives of the adoptive parents194.
the applicants for adoption, of which at
According to the official data provided least one should be held in their home and
by the Ministry of Labour, Social Protec- the others in the psychologists office, the
tion and Family, the number of domestic territorial authority offices or on any other
and international adoptions is decreasing. premises properly set to ensure the privacy
Thus, during the years of 2010-2012 the fol- of the conversation and confidentiality of
lowing figures were recorded: in 2010 - 162 information198;
domestic and 46 international adoptions;
in 2011 - 78 domestic and 23 international Bureaucratic and lengthy process
adoptions; and in 2012 - 33 domestic and No specific deadline for the stages of the
no international adoptions. adoption procedure is set in the legislation
During his meetings with the local pub- in the field.
lic administration authorities195, the om-
The information regarding the implementation
196
Art. 16 of the Law on Childs Rights No. 338-XIII of
192
of the Law on the legal adoption procedures No.
15.12.1994 99 of 28.05.2010wascollectedfrom 36 adminis-
Art. 115 of the Family Code of the Republic of
193
trative-territorial units
Moldova Articles 16 and17 of the Law on the legal adopti-
197
Art. 2 of the Law on the legal adoption procedu-

194
on procedures No. 99 of 28.05.2010
res No. 99 of 28.05.2010 According to chapter VI of the Regulation on the
198
We refer here to the meetings that the ombuds-

195
procedure for the assessment of the moral gua-
man had with representatives of the LPA from rantees and material conditions of the applicants
Drochia, Rcani, Cueni and Cantemir. for adoption
402
CHAPTER III

Sometimes the adoption procedure can Compliance with minimum quality
take up to two years199; standards for the care, education and so-
Lack of a regulatory framework re- cialization of children from residential in-
garding the medical contraindications for stitutions
persons who plan to adopt children Research202 has shown that the resi-
According to the provisions of the legal dential environment is not favourable for
framework200, the persons, suffering from the childs development. Therefore, the
mental illness and other ailments that make state protection provided to a child in need
it impossible to fulfil the rights and obliga- should be a fast and effective intervention
tions of parenthood, cannot adopt children. measure.
Article 58, paragraph (3), letters a) and b) of In this respect, there are certain mini-
the Law on the Legal Adoption Procedures mum quality standards for the care, educa-
stipulates that the Government should sub- tion and socialization of children from resi-
mit proposals for bringing the legislation in dential institutions203.
conformity with this Law within 3 months In order to monitor the observance of
from the Law entry into force. However, up the constitutional and UN Convention pro-
to now there is no list of medical contra- visions, as well as the enforcement of mini-
indications for persons planning to adopt mum quality standards, especially during
a child, which had been approved by the childrens housing in residential institutions,
Government. Previously, the list of medical the ombudsman examined the activity of
contraindications was provided in the com- 14 boarding-type schools for orphans and
mon Order No. 113 of April 11, 1994 of the children without parental care204, three
Ministry of Science and Education, No. 64 of boarding-sanatorium schools205, 17 auxil-
April 5, 1994 of the Ministry of Health and iary boarding schools206 and 5 specialized
No. 47 of the April 11, 1994 of the Ministry of institutions for children with physical and
Justice. With the adoption new regulations, sensory disabilities207.
the above-mentioned common Order fell
The implementation of the minimum
into disuse and became obsolete201.
quality standards for the care, education
The ombudsman considers that, in or- and socialization of children from residen-
der to observe a childs right to habitation in
a family, the state should create favourable http://www.cnaa.md/files/theses/2012/22865/
202
conditions for adoption and eliminate the irina_malanciuc_thesis.pdf;

bureaucratic barriers that discourage the http://particip.gov.md/public/documente/139/
applicants for adoption. ro_572_121118-StrategiaProtectiaFamilieCo-
pil-v5-ro.pdf
According to the Government Decision No. 432
203
of April 20, 2007, these Standards are implamen-

The child born of a single mother was abando-
199
ted by all the institutions of this kind, within the
ned in the maternity ward. Later on, the mother approved annual allocations in the central and
was deprived of her parental rights, whereas the respective local public authorities budgets, as
child was proposed for adoption. Examining the well as using the financial means collected from
materials of this case, the ombudsman found donations, grants and other sources, in confor-
that the adoption procedure lasts for over 2 years. mity with the normative acts in force.
Thus, acting in the best interest of the child, the
ombudsman contacted the court contesting the Bender, Fleti, Cupcini, Czneti, Crpineni,
204
bureaucratic procedure and the refusal of the Bli, Streni, Orhei, Leova, Vscui, Npadova,
Ministry of Labour, Social Protection and Family Ceadr-Lunga, gymnasiums No. 2 and No. 3 from
to issue a consent letter for the continuation of Chiinu.
the international adoption procedure in order to Cineeui, Rezina, Ivancea
205
fulfil the childs right to have a family. Visoca, Crihana-Veche, Mrculeti, Grinui, Sa-
206
Article 12, paragraph (4), letter b) of the Law on

200
rataGalben, Streni, Popeasca, Bulboaca, Re-
the legal adoption procedures zina, Corten, Nisporeni, arigrad, SarataNou,
Letter No. 03/10131 of December 18, 2012, sig-
201 Teleneti, Tocuz
ned by the Deputy-Minister of Justice Hrbov, Cahul, Ialoveni, Bli, Hnceti
207
403
tial institutions is carried out by the District/ from boarding-sanatorium gymnasium,

Municipal Department of Youth and Sports 649 children from auxiliary boarding gym-
that monitor and evaluate an institution in nasiums and 219 children from specialized
coordination with the Social Assistance and institutions for children with physical and
Family Protection Section/Department. sensory disabilities.
Under Standard 3 of the National Strate-
gy regarding the Residential Child Care Sys- The ombudsman considers that the
tem for the years of 2007-2012, the period analysis of the Minimum Quality Standards
of the childs accommodation in a residen- for the care, education and socialization
tial institution does not exceed 12 calendar of children from residential institutions re-
months, during which the dossier coordi- vealed two important moments that show
nator shall find, in collaboration with the violations of the constitutional rights of the
local authorities, the final solution, i.e. the child, as well as of the rights stipulated in
family-type placement. Under that same the Convention.
standard, the decision on the extension of a
First of all, failure to comply with the
childs placement for more than 12 months
national regulatory framework on the
is taken by the tutelage authority from the
minimum quality standards is observed.
childs place of residence.
Thus, although the national legal frame-
According to the information submitted work stipulates a mechanism to ensure the
by the managers of residential institutions, proper implementation of the legal frame-
we conclude that the 12-month limit of ac- work on child education in a family environ-
commodation in a residential institution208 ment, the inappropriate implementation of
without a decision to extend the child this mechanism, caused exclusively by the
placement is outdated, which was con- human factor, allows direct infringement
firmed after examining the statistics of child of the child right to habitation in a family.
placement evaluation. Given the above, the ombudsman recom-
In 2011, experts from the public authori- mends that the Ministry of Education and
ties have reviewed the placement of 968 the Ministry of Labour, Social Protection
children from boarding gymnasiums for and Family take all the necessary measures
orphans and children without parental care, to ensure the functionality and appropriate
508 children from auxiliary gymnasiums, application of Minimum Quality Standards,
129 children from senatorial gymnasiums which represent a key mechanism for the
and 129 children from specialized middle observance of the childs right to special
schools for children with physical and sen- protection in critical situations, as well as
sory disabilities. the right to habitation in a family.
The placement has not been re-eval- Secondly, the fact that children are ac-
uated or information is missing regarding commodated for a long time in residential
the re-evaluation of the placement of 573 institutions proves that alternative place-
children from gymnasiums for orphans and ment services are underdeveloped.
children without parental care, 35 children According to the ombudsman, the poor
development of the alternative placement
services for children without parental care is
The auxiliary school from Hrbov, the auxiliary
208
school from Ialoveni, the auxiliary school from

caused by the poor state funding. The om-
Popeasca village, tefan-Vod district, the auxili- budsman mentioned this problem in the
ary school from Visoca village, Soroca district, etc. previous reports as well.
404
CAPITOLUL IV
Information and Promotion of Human Rights in the Community

CHAPTER IV
Information and Promotion of
Human Rights in the Community
Working meetings, conferences, round-tables, activities for

human rights promotion and legal education of the population
In 2012, the Centre for Human Rights from the UN specialized structures (the
organized 29 conferences, round-tables, UN Committee against Torture, the UN
workshops, presentations (20 in 2011). Subcommittee against Torture, the Eu-
Various issues related to the enforcement ropean Committee for the Prevention of
of human rights in the Republic Moldova Torture); NPM officials from the Ombuds-
were discussed in the framework of these man Offices in Slovenia, Poland, Armenia,
events. Also, 45 actions to promote human Georgia and Azerbaijan; researchers and
rights (meetings, seminars, lectures) were professors; representatives of the law and
carried out. Pupils, students, civil servants, central public administration institutions,
representatives of several communities, and NGOs working in the field of human
people with disabilities and other categories rights.
of people were among the participants in On the 10th of December, CHR held a
these events. working Conference on the occasion of
The above-mentioned activities touched the International Day of Human Rights.
upon the topics on the fight against tortures The event had a two-fold significance,
and ill-treatments, the protection of social as it coincided with the 15th anniver-
rights and of the persons with disabilities, sary of the adoption of the Law on Om-
the promotion of tolerance in the society budsmen, which led to the subsequent
and the fight against discrimination. The creation of the National Institution of the
events organized by the Centre for Human Ombudsman. The following persons at-
Rights served as an opportunity to extended the meeting: the president of the
change various opinions and information, Parliament, Marian Lupu; the president of
as well as, an occasion for establishing a dia- the Parliamentary Committee for human
logue on topics regarding the status quo of rights and interethnic relations, Vadim
the observance of human rights and funda- Misin; the MP and former CHR director,
mental freedoms, regarding the possibilities Raisa Apolschii; the former ombudsmen
to improve the current situation, including Mihail Sidorov and Iurii Perevoznic; the
improving the legislation in the field. current ombudsmen Anatolie Munte-
Among the major events carried out by anu, Aurelia Grigoriu, Tudor Lazar and
the CHR in 2012 are the following: Tamara Plamadeala; the Permanent Rep-
resentative of UNICEF in Moldova, Alex-
The international scientific-practical andra Yuster; representatives of various
Conference commemorating the 5th central public institutions; external and
anniversary of the implementation of social partners of CHR. The following is-
the National Preventive Mechanism sues were discussed during the event: the
against Torture, which took place on current in the field of human rights; the
the 25th of July, with the support of evolution and perspectives of the Centre
UNDP Moldova. The conference brought for Human Rights; developmental and
together a total of approximately 70 enhancement strategies for the National
participants, including: senior officials Institution for Human Rights Protection.
405
Information and Promotion of Human Rights in the Community CHAPTER IV
The meeting, which was attended by of Human Rights in 2011took place. At

64 participants, culminated with 2012 this event, the ombudsmen presented
Ombudsman Award Edition, during information on different aspects of hu-
which prizes and diplomas were handed man rights observance in our country
to the Ombudsmen, as well as the sign- during the last year. Over 40 persons par-
ing of a cooperation agreement between ticipated at the CHR Report presentation,
the Centre for Human Rights and the among whom: representatives of the
NGO Youth League of Moldova. country leadership; MPs; officials from
On October 17 on the occasion of the central public institutions; represen-
the 15th anniversary of the adoption tatives of NGOs and international organi-
of the Law on Ombudsmen, the CHR zations.
opened its fourth branch in Varnita 11 activities were dedicated to issues
village, Anenii Noi district. This activ- of social protection and observance of
ity was carried out in conformity with the rights of persons with disabilities. A
National Action Plan in the field of human number of activities were dedicated to
rights for the years of 2011-2014. issues of tolerance promotion and fight
On March 27, the public presentation against discrimination and domestic vio-
of the CHR Report on the Observance lence.
Decade of Human Rights and activities dedicated to the 15th

anniversary of the Ombudsmen Institute
During November-December, the Centre Academy of Public Administration under the
for Human Rights carried out approximately President of the Republic of Moldova.
70 events to celebrate the 15th anniversary In the context of the Decade of Human
of the foundation of the Ombudsmen Insti- Rights, the CHR made 1 8 donations of book
tute and, implicitly, events within the De- published by the National Institution for Hu-
cade of Human Rights (December 1 to 10). man Rights Protection (over 200 book titles,
The events included conferences, round- not counting the booklets) to: the National
tables, seminars, meetings with various Library (in order to be further distributed to
groups of citizens, interviews and participa- libraries throughout the country); the Public
tion in TV and radio programs. Law Library; the Library of the Academy of
At CHRs initiative and with the support Public Administration under the President
of the Ministry of Education, the civic edu- of the Republic of Moldova; Cahul University
cation classes in gymnasiums and lyceums Library: A. Russo University Library; and to
covered the topic of human rights in the re- the Technical-Vocational School No. 2 from
porting period. The CHR staff attended the Hincesti.
civic education classes and lectured in 20ly- In the period, November 8 - 30, at the ini-
ceums and gymnasiums. Also, the ombuds- tiative of the Centre for Human Rights and
men and the CHR staff met with students with the support of the Teleradio-Moldova
and professors from seven higher educa- Company, Radio Moldova organized the
tional institutions in the country, including: contest My rights: What do I know about
the Slavonic University; the State University them?. The contest was aimed at stimulat-
from Comrat; Moldova State University (Fac- ing the children to document themselves
ulty of International Relations and Political on their rights and at cultivating a respect-
Sciences); A. Russo University; the Contem- ful attitude towards human dignity and the
porary Humanities Institute from Balti; B. universal values in the field of fundamental
P. Hasdeu University from Cahul; and the rights and freedoms.
406
CAPITOLUL IV

Coverage of CHRs and ombuds- frequently touched upon in different pro-
mens activity in mass media grams of Radio-Moldova, Publika TV, MIR
Interstate Company; Moldova 1; Jurnal TV,
a) In 2012, the press coverage of the Public Television from the ATU of Gagauzia,
CHRs and ombudsmens activity was 3 Europa Libera Radio, Vocea Basarabiei Radio,
times larger as compared to the previ- Radio Chisinau, and the Info-Prim-Neo Press
ous year. Thus, 614 occurrences of unique Agency. The ombudsmen and the CHR staff
media coverage were recorded, compared were regularly invited to talk on various hu-
to 207 in 2011, of which: man rights issues in the following shows:
222 TV appearances, compared to Publika report, Tara lui Dogaru, Publika
75 recorded last year; news, VoxPublika, , news-
147 radio appearances, compared casts at Publika TV, in the TV show Moldova
to 80 in 2011; in direct and the talk show Buna seara, in
the morning program Buna dimineata on
245 articles in written press, portals
TV Moldova 1. The ombudsmen and the
and press agencies;
CHR staff were frequently invited to the
Including118 in local and regional show Primatul legii (The rule of law), Noi
mass-media. si societatea (We and the Society of Ra-
b) Press conferences, briefings, press dio Moldova. For the second year, the CHR
clubs 8, as compared to 5 throughout last employees daily participate in the Radio-
year. magazin socio-cultural program during the
c) Press releases and other materials period of the Decade of Human Rights. With
605, compared to 420 in 2011. The web the support of UNICEF, the ombudsman for
page is promptly updated not only with the protection of childrens rights, Tamara
press releases, but also with other materi- Plamadeala, participated in 25 programs
als, including with information on the NPMT Vocea copilului (The childs voice). Also,
activity. the Head of CHR Branch in Comrat, Svetlana
Mironova, was invited to participate in the
In the context of the organization of the show O (We discuss to-
international scientific-practical conference gether) on the public television of the Gaga-
Five years of NPMT activity on July 25, so- uz ATU weekly.
cial anti-torture advertisements were broad-
casted for a month for free on 3 central tele- The most covered human rights
vision channels (Moldova 1, Publika TV and issues were:
TV N4) and on 4 regional television channels
Protection of childrens rights 88; so-
(GRTV, ATV, Eny-ai TV, and Pervii narodnii (in
cial protection of citizens and observance of
Gagauz Yeri)).
their social rights - 71; the overall situation in
Collaboration was established with the the field of human rights 60; issues related
Centre for Investigative Journalism. Togeth- to the fight against torture and ill-treatment
er with the CIJ journalists, two press clubs - 60; the warning made by the ombudsman
were carried out on the topic: What hap- with regard to a possible ecologic disaster
pened in the state institutions in the last 5 on the Dniester river the information on
years since NPMT foundation in Moldova this issue was broadcasted by approximate-
and Poverty as a barrier to equality of ly 110 media institutions from Moldova,
opportunity. The ombudsmen Anatolie as well as from Ukraine and Romania; the
Munteanu and Aurelia Grigoriu participated Constitutional Courts support of the om-
in the above-mentioned press clubs. budsmans notice regarding the sick leave
The human rights issues with the partici- allowance payment (41 articles on this issue
pation of CHR employees (implicitly topics were published in the press); the case of TB
based on CHR press releases, ombudsmens infection of children from the kindergarten
comments and declarations) were more in Baltata village, Criuleni district.
407
Among the issues covered in the me- and with the State Enterprise Centrul de
dia were also included: the fight against all Telecomunicatii Speciale (Special Telecom-
forms of discrimination and promotion of munications Centre), in conformity with the
the culture of tolerance 18; observance Government policy on the technological
of the rights to health care, healthy living modernization of the public institution web-
environment and access to quality health sites (Government Decision No.188 On the
care (14). official websites of the public administration
The positive experience of self-notifica- authorities in the Internet, of 03.04.2012).
tion of ombudsmen from the press on cases The new website has many advantages:
of human rights infringement should be re- it is richer in its contents; it observes the
marked. In over 40 cases, the ombudsmens transparency and accessibility principles; it
reactions to the press coverage of human was developed based on the set blueprint
rights infringement contributed to the solu- and corresponds to the requirements on
tion of the alleged issues or to the mobiliza- information security. Taking into consider-
tion of authorities to act promptly in order ation the Centre for e-Governance require-
to eliminate the documented deficiencies. ments, a clear visual identity was success-
The most eloquent examples in this respect fully shaped for the new website. The struc-
are the cases of the ombudsmens reactions ture and the graphic presentation of the
to the articles on: the TB infection of the contents were developed in such a way as
pupils attending the boarding school from to be of interest to the general public and
CrihanaVeche, Cahul209; on the overdose of to ensure a more effective communication
the mantoux test in pupils and minors (the with the society. Accounts were opened on
cases from Condrita village, Balti municipal- the YouTube, Facebook and Tweeter social
ity and Hincesti)210; the irregularities related networks linked to the new site for on-line
to the deactivation of the medical insurance promotion. The menu was simplified and
policies211; the drug tests on the mentally ill easy to comprehend for the web page visi-
persons from the psychiatric hospital in Chi- tors. The activation of a new application is
sinau; the deaths or the serious health prob- planned in the future which will enable ac-
lems caused by physicians malpractices (the cess to persons with visual impairment.
case of the minor who died and that of an-
other one who fell into a coma after a visit Cooperation agreements
to the dentist). Open and intense communication with
all the stakeholders and close and effective
The CHR web page
interaction with various institutions and
In the context of public presentation of organizations, as well as with the general
CHR Report for 2012, and namely in March public are important conditions for the fulfil-
2013, a new version of the Centre for Human ment of the objectives on human rights and
Rights web page shall be launched. The new fundamental freedoms promotion. From
web page was developed in collaboration this point of view, it is necessary to highlight
with the Centre for Electronic Governance the importance of the partnerships that the
CHR established in 2012.
The press releases of February 28, 29 and of Mar-
209
In the reporting period, 7 cooperation
ch 2, 2012 agreements were signed, compared to 3
(http://ombudsman.md/md/newslst/1211/1/5506/;
http://ombudsman.md/md/newslst/1211/1/5509/; that had been signed in 2011:
http://ombudsman.md/md/newslst/1211/1/5514/; Cooperation Agreement between the
http://ombudsman.md/md/newslst/1211/1/5827) Ombudsmen Institution and the Na-
The press release of March 1, 2012 (http://om-
210
tional Trade-Union Confederation from
budsman.md/md/newslst/1211/1/5511/) Moldova partnership to strengthen
The press release of the 16th of March, 2012
211
the employee protection system in the
(http://ombudsman.md/md/newslst/
Republic of Moldova;
1211/1/5535/)
408
CAPITOLUL IV

Cooperation Agreement with the CRIS entific-Practical Conference commemorat-
Foundation Ecoul Cernobilului (Cher- ing the 5th anniversary of the foundation of
nobyl Echo); the National Preventive Mechanism against
Partnership Agreement between the Torture in the Republic of Moldova. At the
Ombudsman National Institution and initiative of the Centre for Human Rights,
the Rehabilitation Centre for Victims of the Public Office of the Ombudsman was
Torture Memoria (Memory); inaugurated on May 22 of the current year,
on the premises of the Republican Centre for
Partnership Agreement between the
Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CRIS).
CHR and the International Anti-Drug
At the same time, a round-table on the fight
Centre IDEC Moldova;
against drug use issues was held (on June,
Cooperation Agreement between the 26) and the book Legal drugs and adoles-
CHR and Teleradio-Moldova Company; cence - answers to pupils and students
Cooperation Agreement between the questions was launched (on October, 6)
Commissioner for Human Rights of in cooperation with the International Anti-
the Supreme Rada (Parliament) of the Drug Centre IDEC Moldova.
Ukraine, Valeria Lutkovskaia, and the According to the agreement signed with
ombudsmen from the Republic of Mol- the Rehabilitation Centre for Victims of Tor-
dova; ture Memoria, a study was jointly prepared
on the topic: Torture and cruel treatment
Cooperation Agreement between the
of children in the context of juvenile justice:
Centre for Human Rights and the Non-
extent, influence, prevention, identification,
Governmental Organization LigaTiner-
provision of support and reporting. The giv-
etului din Moldova (Youth League of
en study includes a thorough analysis on
Moldova).
the use of torture or other forms of abuse
The above-mentioned agreements against minors, who are in the custody of
are functional. Thus, the Public Company state institutions, and formulates conclu-
Teleradio-Moldova was the CHRs media sions and recommendations to improve the
partner in conducting the International Sci- situation.
Human Rights Training for civil servants and various categories of

persons who administer justice
The ombudsmen and the CHR employ- right (September 5, 2012); Training for
ees participated, upon request, in the train- the staff of the Department of Peniten-
ing of groups of professionals, as follows: tiary Institutions Relations between the
administration and the detainees, and the
Training for judges on National and
social reintegration in compliance with
international monitoring mechanisms
art. 24 of the Constitution and art. 3of
regarding the observance of the rights of
ECHR (September 19, 2012);
persons with disabilities and mental dis-
orders (March 26, 2012, at the National Training for the civil servants from the
Institute of Justice); Sector Mayors Office, Riscani sector of
Chisinau municipality Role of the local
Training for para-lawyers working in the public authorities in the observance of hu-
field of human rights Interaction be- man rights and fundamental freedoms
tween the para-lawyers and the ombuds- (February 10, 2012);
men (July 18-19, 2012);
Training for managers of specialised
Training for the staff of the Department education institutions on the rights of
of Penitentiary Institutions Detainees the persons with disabilities (January 20,
access to information a fundamental 2012);
409
Trainings for the members of the Advi- Brochure Rights of persons with
sory Council on monitoring techniques disabilities;
in places of detention. Brochure Principle of equality and
Among the beneficiaries of these train- non-discrimination.
ings there were: 30 judges, 25 para-lawyers, The CHR also published the Report on
45 employees of the penitentiary system, the Observance of Human Rights in the Re-
25 civil servants from the Sector Mayors Of- public of Moldova in 2011.
fices and Chisinau Municipality City Hall, 20
The CHR staff developed two guides:
teachers working in specialized educational
Civil servants manual on human rights
institutions, 8 members of the Advisory
and Human rights and the issue of disabili-
Council.
ties for persons with disabilities and their
CHR Publications families.
In 2012, 6 brochures and flyers were The listed publications were distributed
published to promote the legal education of to petitioners, local public authorities, mu-
the population on human rights and funda- nicipal and district libraries, the Academy of
mental freedoms, as follows: Public Administration under the President of
the Republic of Moldova. The Government
Flyer Childs Helpline for adults;
Chancellery received a set of copies of Civil
Flyer Childs Helpline for children; servants manual on human rights, which
Brochure National Preventive was distributed amongst various ministries
Mechanism against Torture; and departments.
Brochure Right to petition;
Shortcomings in the field of communication and public relations

Despite several positive results in in- A more active participation of the public
creasing the institution visibility, the CHR authorities is desirable in the promotional
has still much to do in order to eliminate and training activities on human rights, par-
the existing shortcomings in the field of ticularly taking into consideration that Na-
communication and public relations. The tional Action Plan on Human Rights for the
shortcomings are mainly due to: poor inter- period 2011-2014 foresees that the CPA and
nal communication, which hinders the best the LPA organize public awareness events on
intentions or action plans; the insufficient human rights and fundamental freedoms,
and inefficient involvement of the represen- the fight against torture, ill-treatment, dis-
tatives of the regional CHR branches in the crimination based on different criteria, and
promotional and training activities. The Balti on domestic violence. Section 82/6 of the
and Cahul CHR branches are practically ab- NAPHR Education and information on hu-
sent from the regional information medium man rights expressly stipulates the orga-
organizing occasional promotional activi- nization of events in the framework of the
ties, carried out mainly at the request or at decade for human rights at every level of
the suggestion of the ombudsmen or of the any public authority212, to be carried out in
public relations staff of the Educational Pro- December yearly. Nevertheless, the promo-
grams Service. For example, the 118 appear- tion of human rights and the organization
ances in the regional media in 2012 were of events in the framework of the decade for
mainly due to the Comrat Branch of the
CHR that had 85 appearances in radio and
Parliament Decision 90/12.05.2011 Decision on
212
TV programs, and in the printed press. Cahul the approval of National Action Plan on Human
and Balti offices had only 16 appearances Rights for the period 2011-2014 //Monitorul Ofi-
each throughout the year. cial 118-121/331, 22.07.2011
410
CAPITOLUL IV

human rights continue to be an important formed, including on the possibility to seek
concern and primary obligation of the Cen- the ombudsmens assistance. To reach out
tre for Human Rights. to the target audience, the promotional and
The current situation in the field of hu- training events should be organized closer
man rights observance and the information to these citizens in villages and district
of the people from rural areas about their centres. At the same time, the informational
rights request serious efforts and strenuous and promotional materials could be more
actions on behalf of CHR, CPA, LPA and NGOs. accessible to the public in the form of video
The human and financial resources should or audio advertisements, banners and out-
be directed towards this group of citizens, door advertising which are unaffordable
who do not have the necessary knowledge luxuries for CHR because of a very modest
to defend their rights or are insufficiently in- budget for promotional activities.
411
Other Aspects of the Activity of Centre for Human Rights in 2012 CHAPTER V
CHAPTER V
Other Aspects of the Activity of Centre for
Human Rights in 2012
1. The Activity of the Centre for Human Rights in Figures

To carry out the ombudsmens duties in performance was identified in this way.
the current context of human rights obser- CHRs experience in activity planning is an
vance and given the pressing problems citi- eloquent proof of the importance of this
zens face in this field, CHR activity is planned process to achieve the set objectives. Thus,
annually, quarterly, and monthly. The Insti- in 2012, the activity plan included 35 activi-
tutions agenda may, however, be changed ties in different fields, of which 32 were car-
depending on the development of events, ried out or 91.4% fulfilment of the planned
allowing the ombudsmen and the CHR staff activities.
to intervene promptly, using the legal lever- Under article 15 of the Law on Ombuds-
ages, in the cases of serious infringement men No. 1349 of 17.10.1997, the ombuds-
of human rights of a person or of a group men examine the applications on the deci-
of persons. Certainly, the activities planned sions or actions (inactions) taken by central
and carried out by CHR reflect the objectives and local public authorities, institutions,
and tasks outlined in National Action Plan organizations and enterprises, regardless of
on Human Rights for the period 2011-2014. the type of ownership, NGOs and officials
More recently, an important step was of all levels, that violated, according to the
taken in 2012 towards developing the strate- petitioner, his/her constitutions rights and
gic development plan of the Centre for Hu- freedoms.
man Rights in Moldova, which is an essential Thus, in order to benefit of their rights,
action in the context of the justice system the citizens, who claim that their constitu-
reform, which will trigger subsequently the tional rights and freedoms were violated, are
reform and institutional development of the given the opportunity to notify the Centre
CHR. Thus, in 2012, with the financial sup- for Human Rights in written form or verbally
port of UNDP Moldova, a group of experts during the receptions in audience.
prepared a report on the institutional analy-
The petitions coming from any natural
sis and assessment of the Centre for Human
person, regardless of his/her citizenship,
Rights in Moldova. Both, the ombudsmen
age, sex, political or religious beliefs, are re-
and the CHR staff participated in the institu-
ceived, examined and solved, as provided by
tional assessment. Together, they have iden-
law.
tified the institutions strengths and weak-
nesses from the perspective of the internal In the period January 1 December 30,
management processes implemented in the 2012, the Centre for Human Rights in Moldo-
CHR. The findings and the recommenda- va received 1,766 petitions, of which 1,473
tions of this document will serve as basis for were received by the Central Office in Chi-
the second stage the elaboration of CHRs sinau. The CHR branches received petitions
strategic development plan, which will in- as follows: 91 in Cahul; 135 - in Balti; 61
clude the institutions strategic objectives in Comrat and 6 in the village of Varnita
and the respective action plan. (Annex no.1 Statistics of petitions in dy-
namics since 2008)
A more appropriate management model
to improve the institutions efficiency and
412
CHAPTER V
Other Aspects of the Activity of Centre for Human Rights in 2012

The analysis of the statistical data reveals year. Thus, 397 petitioners alleged multiple
that among the most common reasons for objections to the quality of justice. Of these,
addressing petitions to Human Rights Cen- 174 petitions claim delays in case examina-
tre are the ones linked to the alleged violation, 49 non-execution of court decisions,
tions of the right to free access to justice, the 105 appeals invoke disagreement with the
right to social security, private property and pronounced sentences/decisions, and 69
labour, as well as non-observance of per- cases are related to the violation of the right
sonal security and dignity. The most current to effective remedy.
topic revealed by the applicants is alleged According to the CHR statistics, the num-
violation of the right to free access to justice. ber of petitions related to the free access to
A total of 1,766 petitions were received in justice is relatively constant, varying insigni-
2012, the same number as in the previous ficantly from one year to year.
Annex No.2 Classification of petitions based on the allegedly violated right

Petitions
Issue 2011 2010 2009 2008
in 2012
Free access to justice 397 361 429 392 401
Personal security and
217 280 422 536 264
dignity
Right to social assistance
187 190 172 177 127
and protection
Right to private
144 113 148 136 78
property
Access to information 93 130 160 146 131
Right to employment 109 93 73 110 73
Family life 116 92 117 88 27
Right to defence 45 54 39 69 12
Intimate and private life 6 21 12 12 4
Right to education 39 25 16 9 2
Right to petition 17 25 37 15 23
Right to free movement 12 10 30 18 10
Right to health care 59 50 45 43 44
Personal freedoms 35 16 4 9 11
Right to administration 12 13 10 2 5
Right to citizenship 7 7 3 5 6
Right to vote and be
1 2 1 - -
elected
Other 270 170 5 98 178
Note: The heading Other includes the petitions claiming an allegedly violated constitutional
right, which cannot be integrated in the CHRs automated petition record system. These petitions
include: claims on violation of consumer rights; requests for legal advice; interpretations of legal
acts; as well as alleged violations that occurred outside the territory of the Republic of Moldova.
413
If, up till now, the number of petitions re- less people, 9.63% - persons with disabili-
lated to the personal security and dignity was ties, 0.51% - students, 1.25% - unemployed,
constantly growing, in the reporting year, as well as other less numerous groups. The
the institution recorded an essential de- percentage of the above mentioned data is
crease of such petitions from 280 in 2011 to indicated in the Annex No. 3 Classification
217 in 2012. It should be mentioned the year of petitions based on categories of appli-
2012 recorded the lowest indicator over the cants.
last 5 years of this issue. Compared to 2009, The examination of petitions is aimed
when the majority of petitions received by at identifying the allegedly violated rights,
the CHR claimed the violation of the right to at verifying the validity of the claim against
personal security and dignity (536 applica- the national and international legal and
tions), this indicator has decreased by 319 regulatory frameworks, at examining the
applications. Thus, of the 217 petitions reg- possibilities for ombudsmans involvement
istered on this issue, inadequate conditions and, when a petition is outside the ombuds-
of detention in penitentiary institutions are mans competence at delegating the case to
alleged in 133 cases. Of these, 117 petitions a competent institution that would solve it.
invoke inadequate detention conditions,
Of the 1,766 registered petitions, 1017
compared to 134 petitions in 2011 and 15
have been accepted for review. The follow-
other inadequate medical assistance. Tor-
ing actions were taken to solve the given
ture and inhuman or degrading treatments
cases: reaction acts were issued; the assis-
were alleged in 40 cases (50 cases in 2011),
tance of different officials and persons in
whereas 28 petitions refer to the violation of
charge was requested; proposals to amend
personal dignity (28 cases in 2011). The vio-
the legislation were submitted, etc.
lation of the right to be informed at deten-
tion or arrest was specified in 3 appeals, the In 284 cases, the petitions were for-
violation of the right to life in 8 petitions, warded for examination to competent au-
and a single case referred to infringements thorities under the provisions of article 20,
of law during the search procedure (3 cases letter c) of Law No. 1349 of 17.10.1997 and
in 2011). the ombudsman monitored the results of
the examination. Other 465 applications
The right to social security is another right,
were rejected under articles 16, 17 and 18
the violation of which is frequently invoked
of the Law on Ombudsmen. The petitioners
by the CHR beneficiaries. The examination
were informed on the procedures they are
of the economic, social and cultural rights
entitled to for the defence of their rights and
through the prism of the International Pact
freedoms.
on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,
places this issue on the second position in Compared to the previous years, the om-
the institutions official statistics. In 78 cas- budsman institution has changed the man-
es, the petitioners claim that they did not agement of its activity in the recent years by
receive the due social benefit, 54 persons getting more actively involved in the issues
believe that their right to adequate living raised by the citizens. Thus, in 2008 only
standards is not observed, whereas the im- about 21% petitions were accepted; half of
proper calculation of allowances is claimed the total number of petitions was remitted.
in 55 cases. According to the CHR statistics, Throughout the years the number of ac-
the number of petitions invoking the viola- cepted petitions was in continuous growth,
tion of the right to social security is relatively reaching up to 57 % quota in 2012. This led
constant. to gradual increase of ombudsmans inter-
ventions, as well as of reaction acts.
Of the total number of persons who sent
petitions to the Centre for Human Rights in
2012, 34.31% are prisoners, 14.10% - em-
ployees, 11.66% - pensioners, 5.66% - job-
414
CHAPTER V

Provision of free of charge legal assistance services to citizens (art. 38 of the Law
on Ombudsmen, section 19 of CHR Regulations)
Citizens complaints and the information Each ombudsman has at least 3 recep-
received during receptions in audience re- tions in audience monthly. On the other
main the main source for the identification days, the petitioners are received in audi-
of the system problems and gaps in legisla- ence by the institutions employees.
tion for the ombudsmen. During the 12 months of 2012, the
The reception in audience of citizens CHR ombudsmen and employees received
takes place daily on the premises of the CHR 2,796 citizens in audience, which shows an
Office and of its branches in Balti, Cahul, increase of approximately 456 persons as
Comrat and Varnita. compared to 2011. The growing visibility of
Under article 40 of the Law on Ombuds- the institutions activity may be a plausible
men, one of the tasks of the branches of this explanation for this increase.
institution is to receive citizens in audience Reaction acts
on the premises of the branch and submit Having examined the received petitions,
data on the issues brought up by the citizens the following reaction acts on violation of
and if the alleged violation can be examined citizens constitutional rights were prepared
as provided by the Law on Ombudsmen to and submitted to the competent authorities:
encourage the citizens to submit an applica-
tion.
Type of reaction act/action 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008
Notices (under article 27 of Law No. 1349) 77 95 144 68 13
Requests for the initiation of criminal/disciplinary
actions against the person in charge who 13
committed offences that generated considerable 22 32 33 8
violation of human rights and freedoms (art. 28,
letter b) of Law No. 1349)
Notifications on cases of work ethics breaches,
delays and bureaucracy (under art. 28, letter d) of 15 14 59 2 -
Law No. 1349)
Notifications addressed to the Constitutional Court
6 7 10 - 2
(under art. 31 of Law No. 1349)
Legal proceedings/requests to interfere in a
process in order to submit conclusions (under art. 15/44 6 6 - -
74 CCC)
Thematic reports 6 9 24 - -
Conciliation agreements 4 8 1 - -
Proposals to improve the management system

19 7 - - -
(under art. 29, letter b) of Law No. 1349)
Proposals to improve the human rights
legislation (submitted to the Parliament and the
11 11 28 5 10
Government, under art. 29, letter a) of Law No.
1349)
Self-notifications 52 22 - - -
TOTAL 230 192 304 108 33
415
The data show an increase in the num- ficials in charge whose decisions or actions
ber of reaction acts, as compared to the pre- (inactions) lead, in their opinion, to the viola-
vious year. This was due to the increase of tion of human constitutional rights and free-
the number of accepted petitions, as well as doms. These notices include recommenda-
due to a more active involvement of the om- tions on the measures to take for immediate
budsman in the issues raised by the citizens. restoration of the petitioners violated rights.
In 2012, 77
notices with recommenda-
Notices with recommendations (art. tions were issued and submitted to the
27 of the Law on Ombudsman) central and local public authorities. For
In the cases when the violation of peti- comparison, in 2011 95 notices with recom-
tioners rights is confirmed, the ombudsmen mendations were issued and submitted to
submit notices to the institutions or the of- the following authorities:
Notified Institutions
Notified institution 2012 2011
Government and the Central Public Authorities 1 7
Ministry of Labour, Social Protection and Family, including subordinated
13 18
institutions
Ministry of Education and subordinated institutions 7 11
Ministry of Internal Affairs, including subordinated subdivisions and
16 18
decentralized services
Ministry of Justice, including subordinated institutions 16 23
The judiciary - 1
General Prosecutors Office and prosecution bodies - 3
Local public authorities 11 5
City Hall/Council of Chisinau municipality 1 7
Legal persons 7 1
Ministry of Defence and subordinated institutions 3 1
Ministry of Finance 1 -
Total 77 95
Of the total number of notices, 29 were lighting, ventilation, water and electric-
submitted following the visits carried out ity supply; provision of linens and sufficient
in the framework of the National Preven- food. Most of ombudsmens recommenda-
tive Mechanism against Torture and were tions were implemented within the limits
addressed to detention institutions (13 to of state budget allocations to the respective
penitentiary institutions, 14 to police sta- institutions.
tions, 2 to subdivisions of the Carabineri As shown in the table, the number of no-
Troops Department). The majority of these tices submitted to the local public authori-
notices included recommendations on the ties and legal persons increased in 2012.
improvement of the detention conditions:
provision of standard housing conditions;
416
CHAPTER V

Requests for initiation of disciplinary or criminal actions (under art. 28, letter b)
of the Law on Ombudsman)
In 2012, the ombudsmen were inter- should be examined in emergency mode in
vened in 22 cases with requests to compe- the future, and in 3 cases initiation of disci-
tent bodies for the initiation of disciplinary plinary action was requested.
or criminal actions against officials in charge Of the 22 mentioned above requests, 13
who committed offences which generated were submitted in the framework of the Na-
considerable violation of human rights and tional Preventive Mechanism against Torture
freedoms, as follows: (11 refer to torture, inhuman and degrading
General Prosecutors Office and Dis- treatments, and 2 cases the initiation of dis-
trict Prosecutors Offices 18 ciplinary action was requested).
Department of Penitentiary Institu- For example, at the request of the om-
tions - 1 budsman, the Prosecutors Office ordered
Boarder Guard Service 1 the initiation of criminal action related to
the maltreatment of convict C. G. by the staff
Ministry of Internal Affairs 1
of Penitentiary No. 13. Initiation of a criminal
Zone station Asistenta Medicala Ur- action related to maltreatment of convict V.
genta (Urgent Medical Aid) 1. C. was also ordered at CHRs initiative.
As result of the submitted requests, crim- Another case of ombudsmans interven-
inal actions was initiated in 7 cases, orders of tion on minor V. S.s maltreatment by the
refusal to initiate criminal action were issued staff of Briceni Police Commissariat resulted
in 3 cases, and 6 other cases are still pending. in the annulment of the order not to initiate
Disciplinary action was initiated in one case, criminal proceedings and in the initiation of
another case was discussed at the operative criminal proceedings against the police of-
meeting and it was decided that such cases ficers.
Notifications (under article 28, letter d) of the Law on Ombudsmen

Under article 28, letter d) of the Law on The following system problems were
Ombudsmen, 16 notifications were submit- highlighted:
ted to officials of all levels related to cases of Failure to pay alimonies as estab-
negligence at workplace, breaches of work lished by court decisions;
ethics, delays and bureaucracy. For compari-
Inaction of tutelage authorities on
son, in 2011, 14 such notifications were sub-
childrens rights protection;
mitted as follows:
Unsatisfactory nutrition of children
Government General Secretary (ad-
and poor quality of food served in
ministrative control of the acts is-
pre-school institutions;
sued by LPA) 7
Improper exercise of duties by
Ministry of Labour, Social Protection
school and kindergarten adminis-
and Family 2
trators.
Ministry of Education 1
The conclusion that emerges is that
Institutions subordinated to the negligence and irresponsibility of the ad-
Ministry of Health 1 ministrative staff often lead to violations of
Local public authorities 4 human rights.
Bailiff 1
417
General objections and proposals to improve management (under art. 29, letter
b) of the Law on Ombudsmen)
During the reporting period, the om- Regional Development and Con-
budsmen submitted objections and propos- structions, as well as ceasing the
als for management improvement to central construction of lofts in residen-
and local public authorities in 19 cases, as tial buildings with an advanced
follows: exploitation degree; adopting a
Ministries and subordinated institu- legislative framework that would
tions 6 impose strict rules regarding the
remedy of the damages caused
Local public authorities 8
by loft construction (this violation
Civil Status Service 1 was brought up by a group of citi-
Law enforcement bodies 3 zens);
Mass media 1 staffing the emergency medical
The proposals submitted by the om- aid teams in conformity with the
budsmen to the central and local public au- personnel norms a doctor hav-
thorities touched upon the following issues: ing postgraduate training in emer-
avoiding preventive detention of gency medicine, specialization
persons for a period exceeding and professional development
72 hours in temporary detention in the field, as well as equipping
centres and police stations (this the team with devices, equipment
violation was identified during the and medications that would allow
visit of Cahul CHR employees to qualified emergency assistance
Vulcanesti Police Station); on the site (this recommendation
was elaborated following the om-
ensuring effective healthcare ser- budsmans self-notification on the
vices to the persons in temporary abandonment of patient X by the
custody in the Ministry of Internal medical assistance team).
Affairs subdivisions (this proposal
The notified authorities shared their
was based on the notice of a de-
opinions regarding the ombudsmens rec-
tainees relatives);
ommendations and provided information
reviewing and checking the ac- on the undertaken measures related to ob-
commodation conditions both servance of the constitutional rights and
the local and national levels to freedoms of every citizen.
be carried out by the Ministry of
Conciliation of parties (under article 23 of the Law on Ombudsmen)

As mediators, the ombudsmen solved ment signed between City Hall of
four complaints by reconciling the parties Balti Municipality and citizen M. C.,
having found mutually acceptable solutions based on which the authority had
for all the involved. The conciliation in these to accept the petitioners documen-
cases ended with the signature of relevant tation for the privatization of his
agreements, which constituted ground for apartment;
the termination of the complaint examina- On 14.02.2012, the ombudsman
tion process. The following were the concili- recommended to the Employment
ation results: Agency from Balti municipality to
On 16.01.2012, the ombudsman register citizen I. I. as unemployed;
approved the conciliation agree-
418
CHAPTER V

On 19.03.2012, based on the con- On 29.08.2012, CHR recommended
ciliation agreement approved by to SA Basarabia Nord to pay addi-
the ombudsman, Balti AUTO Gos- tional costs for medical, social and
podaria Specializata enterprise professional rehabilitation to citizen
was recommended to issue a new M. B., who suffered from an accident
contract for sanitation services with at his workplace and lost his sight.
citizen E. C. within 3 days;
Submission of civil actions (under art. 28 of the Law on Ombudsmen)

Having examined the petitions, the om- compensation and admittance by the Chil-
budsmen have the right to submit requests drens Republican Clinical Hospital Emilian
to court for the defence of the petitioners Cotaga of the violation of the constitutional
interests. This mechanism is applied in cases rights of the deceased child, L.D.;
of mass and serious violation of constitu- The ombudsman submitted a court
tional human rights and freedoms, in cases summons application in the inter-
of particular social importance or in cases ests of citizen M. B. concerning the
when it is necessary to defend the interests defence of the right to free access
of persons who are not able to use the legal to justice and the compensation of
means to defend themselves. additional costs for his medical, so-
During the reporting periods, 15 appli- cial and professional rehabilitation
cations for court summons to defend the related to his health deterioration
petitioners interests and 44 applications re- following an accident at the work-
garding the intervention in a lawsuit to sub- place;
mit conclusions under article 74 of the Civil The ombudsman submitted a court
Procedure Code. summons application in the inter-
The above mentioned data indicate that ests of pensioners A. A., V. B. and M.
the number of civil actions filed in court A., concerning the defence of the
doubled in 2012, as compared to the years right to private property and the
of 2010 - 2011. obligation of GAS Fintina Recea to
For example, the ombudsman submit- reimburse the petitioners their due
ted an application for court summons in share value, based on the documen-
the interests of the legal representative of tation confirming their ownership.
child L. D., related to material and moral
Investigations based on own initiative (art.21, letter a) of the Law on

Ombudsmen)
On the basis of the action plan, on the Quality of commercials in terms of

information concerning serious or mass vio- ensuring gender equality;
lation of citizens constitutional rights and Ensuring the right to social security;
freedoms, as well as on the cases of particu-
Ensuring the right to physical and
lar social importance, taken from the media
mental integrity;
and other reliable sources, the ombudsmen
started 52 investigations on their own initia- Ensuring the rights of institutional-
tive in 2012. The issues tackled in the self- ized children and of children with-
initiated cases are as follows: out parental care;
Provision of a healthy environment; Ensuring the rights of persons with
disabilities, etc.
Ensuring the right to health care;
419
2. Other aspects of the activity of Ombudsman Institution
Although the Centre for Human Rights fore, the elderly or the persons with physi-
is operating for 15 years213, the issues that cal disabilities have practically no chance to
the Ombudsman Institution faces persist for meet the CHRs regional office staff for as-
years. sistance or consultations. The placement of
The lack of adequate premises remains a Balti Office in the building of the local pub-
key issue for CHR. The branches of the Na- lic administration has, inevitably, a negative
tional Institution for Human Rights do not influence on its independence in relation
have adequate premises either. The Head- with the property-owner, its ability to react
quarters Office of the Centre for Human promptly to the complaints against these
Rights is situated in a damaged building authorities being thus limited. The Comrat
(16, Sfatul Tarii street, Chisinau municipal- Office is located in a room, which is part of
ity) with an almost absent degree of seismic a private household and it is not compatible
resistance. The building does not meet the with the premises of a public authority.
construction regulations and technical stan- Lack of vehicles that would be sufficient
dards. This was confirmed by the Technical for providing the activity of the ombuds-
Expertise Act No. NDA - 67 of 26.03.1998, men and the National Preventive Mecha-
issued by the State Service on Building In- nism against Torture is another impediment
spection and Expertise of the Ministry of to fully carry out the mission of the National
Construction and Regional Development. Institution for Human Rights Promotion and
According to the conclusions of the above- Protection. Currently, the four ombudsmen
mentioned act, the edifice was built with have two vehicles available to accomplish
construction materials that are forbidden their mission:
for use in seismic areas. It is recommended 1. Toyota HIACE (minivan) manufac-
in this act that consideration be given to tured in 1998 and received in 2001
the possibility of demolishing the existing in the framework of the UNDP proj-
edifice and building another construction ect;
that will meet the modern requirements in 2. VAZ 2107 manufactured in 2002
the field. Thus, the employees of the Centre and received on the basis of Gov-
for Human Rights work in risky conditions, ernment Decision No. 1193 of Octo-
without having any level of protection or ber 13, 2006.
safety insurance in case of natural disasters. The two other vehicles, GAZ 2410 (y. m.
In this context, the overcrowded offices and 1991) and GAZ 3102 (y. m. 1993), which were
the lack of open spaces make impossible the received by the Centre for Human Rights
provision of decent working conditions and based on the Parliament Decision No. 163 of
the hiring for the vacant positions. May 18, 2008, are excessively worn out and
The premises of the Balti, Cahul and have not been used due to their deplorable
Comrat Branches of the Centre for Human technical condition. To repair and use these
Rights do not meet the requirements and vehicles, taking into consideration that their
the minimum of conditions necessary for the consumption is of nearly 16.5 l per 100 km,
good functioning of an independent public would be an irrational management and fi-
authority either. The current inconvenient nancially unfounded decision.
location of CHR offices reduces the citizens In 2011, the Centres Branches were pro-
possibilities to request the ombudsmens as- vided with 3 DACIA LOGAN cars, which
sistance. Thus, the Cahul Representation is were donated by UNDP Moldova in the
situated on the fourth floor of the Cahul City framework of the Technical Assistance Proj-
Hall, which does not have an elevator. There- ect Support for the consolidation of the
National Preventive Mechanism against Tor-
Law on Ombudsmen no.1349 of 17.10.1997
213
ture.
420
CHAPTER V

A working group, in charge of the ex- thousand lei for interdepartmental secu-
amination of financial, logistic and structural rity services; 201.0 thousand lei for the
issues, was created on the basis of the fol- maintenance of vehicles; 62.9 thousand
lowing documents: the Report of the Cen- lei for printing services; and 360.9 thou-
tre for Human Rights on the observance of sand lei for office supplies, telecommu-
human rights in the Republic of Moldova nications and post services, computer
in 2010, the Decision of the Human Rights services, etc.), which constitute 2.4% of
and Interethnic Relations Commission of the the total allocation.
Parliament of the Republic of Moldova, and 3. Membership fees to specialized
Order No. 20 of May 30, 2011 of the Ministry international organizations - 33.8 thou-
of Justice. The aim of this working group is sand lei.
to optimize the activity of the institution. 4. Business travel expenses - 61.4
However, the creation of this working thousand lei.
group did not bring any positive results. 5. Allowances for sick leaves paid by
The National Institution for Human Rights the employer - 5.9 thousand lei.
Promotion and Protection continues to deal
The budget was executed in a propor-
with the same issues in its work.
tion of 99.9% in 2012.
Budget for 2012
Under the provisions of the Law on Bud- Internal environment
get Law for 2012 No. 282 of 27.12.2011, the At the date of the report, the Centre for
Centre for Human Rights from Moldova was Human Rights from Moldova consisted of
approved financial resources for t basic bud- the following employed staff: 4 ombudsmen;
getary expenses in the amount of 4594.80 34 civil servants that provide organizational,
thousand lei. informational, scientific and analytical assis-
According to Law on the budget system tance to the ombudsmen, including 9 from
and the budgetary process No. 847-XIII of the regional Branches; as well as 8 positions
24.05.1996, and Order No. 91 on budget- of technical personnel. The total number of
ary classification of the Ministry of Finance the CHR personnel includes 47 persons, as
of 20.10.2008, the Centre for Human Rights opposed to the 55 positions as required by
distributed its financial resources as follows: the staffing scheme. During 2012, 4 persons
1. Labour remuneration 3403.4 resigned and 4 persons were hired by CHR.
thousand lei (including: 590.8 thousand All the civil servants hired by CHR de-
lei for obligatory contributions to the grees in the field of the held position; 3 civil
social assistance state fund; and 88.8 servants have postgraduate degrees in their
thousand lei for mandatory medical in- field, and 3 are graduates of two faculties.
surance), which constitutes 74% of the The structure of the Institution, the posi-
total allocation. tions, the funding, based on the Regulations
2. Expenses for the operation of the of the Centre for Human Rights approved by
institution and ombudsmens activity - Parliament Decision No. 57 20.03.2008, and
1090.30 thousand lei (including: 265.2 the completion of positions are represented
thousand lei for rent and utilities; 200.3 in Annex II.
421
Annex 1
Budget items Econ. classifier Planned Spent

Art. Paragr. in 2012 in 2012
Labour remuneration 111 00 2723.80 2723.80
Contributions to the social assistance state fund 112 00 590.80 590.80
Contributions to the medical insurance 116 00 88.80 88.80
111
Total spent on labour remuneration 112 3403.40 3403.40
116
Office supplies, household items and materials 113 03 71.6 71.6

Books and newspapers 113 06 0.8 0.8
Telecommunication and post services 113 11 91.6 91.6
Vehicle rental and maintenance of own vehicles 113 13 201.0 201.0
Building and premises current repair 113 17 7.2 7.2
Equipment and inventory current repair 113 18 5.5 5.5
Venues rent 113 19 274.8 265.2
Printing services 113 22 62.9 62.9
Ceremonial expenses 113 23 0.8 0.8
Interdepartmental security services 113 29 200.3 200.3
Computer services 113 30 39.6 39.6
Cleaning services 113 35 2.2 2.2
Goods and services non-attributed to other
113 45 133.0 133.0
paragraphs
Total spent on goods and services 113 00 1090.3 1081.7
Business trips within the country 114 01 0.40 0.30

Business trips abroad 114 02 61.0 61.0
Total spent on business trips 114 00 61.4 61.3
Other international transfers (membership fees to

136 03 33.7 33.7
international organizations)
Total spent on international transfers, membership

136 00 33.7 33.7
fees to specialized international organizations

Allowances for sick leaves paid from the financial
135 33 6.0 5.9
resources of the employer
TOTAL 4594.80 4586.0
422
CHAPTER V

Annex 2
According to the Actually employed

staffing scheme as of 31.12.2012
Ombudsmen 4 4
Ombudsmens Apparatus 8 6
Training Programs and Public Relations

3 3
Service
Childrens Rights Protection Service 3 3
Petitions and Reception in Audience

3 2
Service
Investigations and Monitoring Service 14 12
Secretariat 2 2
Administrative Service 5 5
Branches 13 12
TOTAL 55 49
423
ANEXE
CAPITOLUL V
139
ANEXE
Anexa nr. 1
Dinamica adresrilor cetenilor la CpDOM

cu privire la nclcarea dreptului de acces liber la justiie
Anexa nr. 2
Vizite efectuate dup tipul de instituii

Internate
Spitale de psihiatrie
psihineurologice
1,20%
2,39% Penitenciare
Uniti militare 23,90%
10,76%
Instituii subordonate
MAI
61,75%
Vizite efectuate dup tipul de instituii
426
ANEXE
Anexa nr. 3
Membrii CC Membrii CC i angajaii

2% CpDOM
4%
angajaii CpDOM
membrii CC
membrii CC i angajaii CpDOM
Angajaii CpDOM
94%
Vizitele efectuate n cadrul MNPT de ctre avocaii parlamentari,

angajaii CpDOM, membrii Consiliului consultativ
Anexa nr. 4
Vizitele efectuate n cadrul MNPT de ctre angajaii oficiului central

i ai reprezentanelor CpDOM
427
ANEXE
Anexa nr. 5
Dinamica vizitelor efectuate n cadrul MNPT de ctre angajaii oficiului central

i ai reprezentanelor CpDOM
Anexa nr. 6
Dinamica vizitelor efectuate n cadrul MNPT n penitenciarele din ar
428
ANEXE
Anexa nr. 7
Mediatizarea activitii CpDOM n anii 2011-2012
Anexa nr. 8
n total:
anul 2011
anul 2012
Conferine de pres, briefinguri, cluburi de pres organizate n anii 2011-2012
429
ANEXE
Anexa nr. 9
n total:
anul 2011
anul 2012
Apariii n mass-media
Anexa nr. 10
n total:
anul 2011
anul 2012
Comunicate de pres i alte materiale
430
ANEXE
Anexa nr. 11
300
250
245
222
200
150
nTotal
total:2011
147
anul
2012 2011
118 anul 2012

100
80
75
50
43
21
0
apariii la apariii la radio
televiziuni
Comunicate de pres elaborate i difuzate
431
ANEXE
Anexa nr. 12
Subiectele din domeniul drepturilor omului abordate mai frecvent

n mass-media
Anexa nr. 13
Parteneriate cu alte instituii n anii 2011-2012
432
ANEXE
Anexa nr. 14
Petiii
Stabilirea cererilor n dinamic ncepnd cu anul 2008
Anexa nr. 15
Clasificarea petiiilor dup categoriile de adresani
433
ANEXE
Anexa nr. 16
Clasificarea cererilor n funcie de decizia adoptat
Anexa nr. 17
Numrul de persoane primite n audien n ultimii 5 ani
434

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CENTRUL PENTRU DREPTURILE OMULUI

Str. Sfatul rii, 16

4. Dreptul la ocrotirea sntii 113

Respectarea drepturilor omului n Republica Moldova

Pe 25 mai 2012, Parlamentul Republicii

n acest context a fost sesizat Agenia avocatul parlamentar s intervin pentru

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publica Moldova, ediia 1, 2011, al Biroului de 6

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n procesul de monitorizare a gradului acestora n comunitate, or deseori persoa-

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gerine sau drepturile celorlali- http://www. n declaraie se reafirm principiul nediscri-

glniceanu - http://www.ombudsman.md/md/ IOR40/024/2008/en/269de167-d107-11dd-

nicio ar european nu snt respectate n Pe parcursul anului 2012 Instituia avo-

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n termenul specificat n lege44, exist un

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