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ADVERBUL N LIMBA ENGLEZ

Adverbul determin un verb sau un adjectiv. Exemplu:
She spoke quietly.
^--------
She was extremely nervous.
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Atenie, adjectivul determin un substantiv i un verb care trebuie s fie
sau verbul TO BE
sau un alt verb de percepie senzorial care poate fi nlocuit prin TO BE.
Aceste verbe pot avea sens concret fiind determinante pentru adverb sau sens
abstract fiind determinante pentru adjectiv
to seem, to apear, to look, to sound, to taste, to smell, to feel
Exemplu: She looks happy (she is happy)
She looks at me happily (she has a happy look)

Adverbul se formeaz din:

ADVERB + SUFIXUL LY
Atenie, nu toate cuvintele terminate n LYsunt adverbe

Modificri ortografice
Dac adjectivul din care provine adverbul se termin n E acesta se pstreaz
naintea lui LY
extreme - extremely Nice nicely Large - largely

Dac adjectivul din care provine advebul se termin n LE E este nlocuit cu Y

Capable capably gentle gently

Dac adjectivul din care provine advebul se termin n IC se adaug ALLY

automatic- automatically Enthusiastic - enthusiastically

Dac adjectivul din care provine advebul se termin n L acesta se dubleaz i se

adaug LY
beautiful - beautifully
Dac adjectivul din care provine advebul se termin n LL se adaug doar Y
full - fully
Dac adjectivul din care provine advebul se termin n Y indiferent dac este
precedat de consoan sau vocal, se transform Y n I [i se adaug LY cu cteva
excepii
shy - shyly sly - slyly wry wryly coy - coyly

1. Adverbe care au dou forme dar acelai neles

bright - brightly Cheap cheaply dead - deadly
sound - soundly dear dearly fair - fairly

The sun is shining bright.

The sunis shining brightly
Singura diferen ca sens este la CHEAP care este ntotdeauna folosit cnd avem verbele
TO GET, TO BUY sau TO SELL iar pentru celelalte verbe este folosit CHEAPLY.
I bought cheap.
We travelled cheaply.
2. Adverbe care au dou forme cu nelesuri diferite
clear right, corect Clearly ntr-o manier curat
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close aproape Closely ndeaproape
deep adnc Deeplly profund
clean n ntregime Cleanly ntr-o manier curat
direct arat direcia de Directly at once, deodat
micare
easy uor Easily ntr-o manier uoar
free gratis Freely ntr-o manier deschis
full ntreg Fully completely
hard din greu, mult, cu mare hardly de abia, cu greu, aproape deloc
efort
high sus highly very much
just ntocmai justly in a resonable manner
large ntins largely in a great extend, mainly,
preponderent, deplin
late trziu lately de curnd
Most majoritatea mostly n special, mai degrab, rather
Near aproape nearly aproape cu sens abstract
Pretty foarte preattly ntr-o manier drgu
Right exact rightly cuvenit
Sharp fix sharply ntr-o manier brusc, brutal,
dur
Short abrupt shortly pe scurt
Exemple: They got clean away.
We are closely related with him.
Ill fly directly to London (immediately).
Take it easy.
We talked freely.
I was fully aware of it.
I can hardly wait.
I work hard.
I am highly appreciated.
In a justly manner.
Their attempt was largely successfull.
Mostly I go to the cinema then to the theatre.
I nearly fell.
I was pretty busy.
They rightly assume that.
Shortly, I was interested about it.

3. Adverbe care au aceeai form cu adjectivul

Alike alone Fast far
Little next Only outside
Past straight Early
La acestea se adaug prima form a adverbelor de la punctele 1 i 2.

Gradele de comparaie ale adverbelor

Adverbele fac gradele de comparaie conform adjectivelor din care provin. Nu toate
adverbele pot avea ns grade de comparaie ci numai adverbele de mod, cteva din cele de timp i
de frecven.

-------- Adverbul n Limba Englez --------

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Adverbele care au aceeai form cu adjectivul (EARLY, FAST, LATE) fac gradele
de comparaie ca i adjectivul din care provin
Adverbele care provin din adjectiv i sufixul LY fac gradele de comparaie cu MORE i
THE MOST exact ca i adjectivele lungi.
Toate modificrile ortografice de la adjective se respect i la adverb.

Comparaia neregulat
n locul lui GOOD avem adverbul WELL.
well better the best
badly worse the worst
far farther the farthest
little less the least
much more the most
near nearer the nearest

Adverbe speciale
Adverbele speciale sunt adverbe cu sens negativ i nu permit folosirea altei negaii n
propoziia care le conine, precum i a unui pronume nehotrt cu sens pozitiv.
Hardly barely Scarcely
de abia cu greu Aproape deloc
Atenie la ntrebarea disjunct care trebuie pus n pozitiv dac propoziia principal
cuprinde unul din adverbele negative mai sus menionate.
I barely have any friends here, have I.

Alte adverbe speciale sunt:

quite Fairly rather pretty
toate nsemnnd foarte pentru c au sensul de VERY. Sunt adverbe speciale pentru c sensul n
care sunt folosite este extrem de sensibil

Fairly
Nu se combin cu comparative. Are sensul de destul de
Your story is fairly interesting.
Povestea ta este interesant dar nu extrem de interesant.
!!! Toate aceste adverbe determin un adjectiv dar FAIRLY nu poate determina un adjectiv dect
n grad pozitiv.

Pretty
Se folosete numai ntr-un limbaj amical, prietenesc.
I am pretty hungry

Quite
Este mai puternic dect FAIRLY. Se poate folosi att cu adjective care nu au grade de
comparaie ct i cu adverbe, caz n care are sensul de absolut, complet
He is quite dead.
Poate fi urmat de A / AN sau deSOME
He is quite a man and he has quite some importance for me.
Rather
Este mai puternic dact QUITE i FAIRLY i poate s fie att precedat ct urmat de
A / AN.
This is a rather difficult problem.
This is rather a difficult problem.
Diferena dintre RATHER i QUITE este de sens n anumite formulri. Astfel RATHER se
prefer pentru aprecieri negative iar QUITE se prefer pentru aprecieri pozitive.
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Much i Far
Sunt adverbe de intensificare care se combin de obicei cu comparativul i superlativul.
The exercise is far more difficult than I expected.
The exercise is much more difficult than I expected.

A Lot
Se va folosi numai cu comparativ
It is a lot warmer today then it was yesterday.

Too i Enough
Se traduc prin prea respectiv destul. Poziia lui TO este n faa adjectivului sau
adverbului iar poziia lui ENOUGH este dup adjectiv sau adverb.
This exercise is too difficult for me.
I arrive early enough.
Dac ENOUGH este determinant al unui substantiv el se poate plasa n faa acestuia.
I have enough money to buy the toy.

So i Such
Sunt adverbe de ntrire. Diferena ntre ele este c SO este urmat de adjectiv, adverb sau
de substantiv precedat de MUCH, MANY, LITTLE n timp ce SUCH este urmat numai de
substantiv.
This book is so interesting.
This man speaks so quickly.
I have so many friends.
He is such a man of honour.
I have done such difficult exercises

Adverbe interogative cu poziie iniial

Acestea sunt:

When why where how

Topica Propoziiei

Poziie iniial
Adverbele interogative
when why where how
How old is he?

Adverbele din propoziiile exclamative

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How well you speak English
Here comes the chief

Adverbul interogativ i negativ YES i NO

Adverbele de mod sunt folosite pe poziii iniiale atunci cnd se dorete ntrirea
contextului sau creearea suspansului
slowly gently quickly
Slowly he entered the room and started to cry.

Adverbe de loc se folosesc pe prima poziie cnd se face o delimitare clar pentru a
se evita ambiguitile
In the country, most people work on the farm

Adverbele de timp definit se folosesc pe prima poziie atunci cnd se dorete

ntrirea (sublinierea) timpului fie pentru evitarea aglomerrii de adverbe la sfritul
propoziiei
Yesterday I saw her in the park at 10 oclock in the morning.

Locuiunile adverbiale ocup mereu poziia iniial

by now till now up to now untill now
before now until then sooner or later every day
at present at last at first How much
how long just now

Cnd adverbul OFTEN este subliniat i este precedat de VERY sau QUITE el
ocup poziia iniial
Quite often we travel by car.

Adverbele de frecven definit ocup poziie iniial cnd se dorete evitarea

ambiguitilor
Once a year I buy him one or two books he likes
Adverbe care datorit folosirii lor pe poziia iniial duc la inversarea
predicatului cu subiectul
Adverbe negative care pot s ocupe poziie iniial atrag dup sine inversarea
predicatului cu subiectul
no sooner nowhere not until neither
little In no circumstances scarcely hardly
barely rarely never

Never has she understood him.

No sooner had I enter then she arived
Adverbe restrictive ca ONLY
Only by leraning the lesson did he succeed in getting good marks.

Poziia median
Adverbe de frecven neregulat se aeaz ntotdeauna ntre subiect i predicat
excepie fcnd acele construcii cu verbul TO BE (care nu separ subiectul de
predicat) sau predicate formate din dou verbe.
I have never meet her.

Adverbe de mod
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bravely cruelly foolishy
simply generously

He simply refused to come.

Adverbe de timp nedefinit

He has recently moved.

Adverbe care reprezint punctul de vedere al vorbitorului

You perhaps met him

Poziie final
Pe poziia final adverbele au urmtoarea ordine:

Adv. de mod (cum?) + Adv. de loc (unde?) + Adv. de timp(cnd?)

-------- Adverbul n Limba Englez --------