APLEO Companion To Teaching English Online, Volume 1 - B1, B2, C1

1
Ingrid Călăfăteanu Livia Catana Raluca Gabroveanu

Raluca Igna Cristina Mihulescu Denisa Pasăre
Cristina Rotaru Ana Maria Ștefănescu Corina Vasile
Coordonatori:
Verona Popa Diana Cotescu
Laura Vasile
Craiova
2020
APLEO Companion to teaching English online, Volume I
Craiova, 2020
Autori volum:
Ingrid Călăfăteanu Livia Catana Raluca Gabroveanu

Raluca Igna Cristina Mihulescu Denisa Pasăre
Cristina Rotaru Ana Maria Ștefănescu Corina Vasile
Coordonatori volum:
Verona Popa
Diana Cotescu Laura Vasile
Responsabilitatea privind conținutul volumului aparține autorilor!
Prezenta publicație este proprietatea APLEO.
ISBN 978-973-0-31665-0
Asociația Profesorilor de Limba Engleză din Oltenia este o
organizație regională, non-guvernamentală, apolitică şi non-profit,
înființată în Oltenia în vederea strângerii legăturii dintre toți profesorii
de limba engleză pentru desfășurarea și promovarea activităților de
natură să asigure dezvoltarea individuală și socială. Asociația își propune
să deruleze activități cu caracter științific, cultural și umanitar. Asociația
a fost înființată în octombrie 2018 și are sediul central în Craiova.
Asociația se vrea partenerul tuturor profesorilor de limba
engleză, în vederea realizării unor parteneriate educaționale, publicații
online și a unor concursuri școlare. De asemenea, ne propunem organizarea unor
conferințe, mese rotunde și suntem deschiși tuturor propunerilor venite din partea
dumneavoastră.
În cadrul APLEO, Consiliul director a luat decizia înființării
Departamentului pentru limba germană. Toți colegii care
predau limba germană se pot implica în activitățile desfășurate în cadrul APLEO
în cadrul acestui departament.
APLEO propune tuturor profesorilor de limba engleză și de limba germană o

Bibliotecă virtuală unde profesorii și elevii pot găsi materiale
GRATUITE menite să sprijine activitatea de predare-învățare-evaluare. De
asemenea, ne propunem realizarea unor materiale pentru profesorii de limba
engleză și limba germană necesare pentru proiectarea didactică și realizarea unor lecții cât
mai atractive.
APLEO vine în sprijinul elevilor și profesorilor care fac performanță. De aceea,

încă din primul an de la înființare, APLEO a inițiat Ceremonia de
premiere a elevilor care s-au calificat la Olimpiada Națională de Limba
Engleză. Pentru că suntem alături de profesori și elevi și pentru a susține și
încuraja performanța, APLEO va oferi aceste premii anual.
APLEO vine în sprijinul colegilor, profesori de limba engleză și limba

germană, care doresc să se perfecționeze și organizează Conferințe atât cu
participare locală, națională, dar și internațională.
Conferința Națională Limbile Moderne de la Tradiție la Inovație a trezit
interesul profesorilor de limba engleză, nu numai din regiunea Olteniei, dar și celor din
întreaga țară. Invitata specială, Sarah Ellis, a reușit să depășească așteptările, chiar și a celor
mai sceptici dintre cei peste 100 de participanți.
Conferința interjudețeană Tehnici de Predare în Clasa Postmodernă a adus
împreună participanți din județele Olteniei. Ediția I a lărgit orizontul participanților și a
oferit posibilitatea speaker-ilor de a împărtăși din experiența lor. Ambele proiecte s-au
bucurat de un real succes și sperăm să devină o tradiție.
In vederea încurajării elevilor talentați și pasionați de limba engleză, încă
de la clasele primare, APLEO a inițiat două concursuri pentru toate
vârstele. In parteneriat cu am putut oferi premii
substanțiale câștigătorilor.
Concursul de Ortografie în limba engleză Spelling Rules care se adresează
elevilor claselor II – V, s-a desfășurat la Colegiul Național „Elena Cuza” și, încă de la prima
ediție, s-a dovedit un proiect de succes. Ocupanții locurilor I de la fiecare nivel au primit ca
premiu un examen Cambridge.
Concursul English for teens care se adresează atât elevilor de gimnaziu, cât și
elevilor de liceu, respectiv clasele III – XII, a înregistrat de la prima ediție un număr ridicat
de participanți.
Ambele proiecte vor continua și anul acesta cu sprijinul partenerilor noștri de la
Colegiul Național „Elena Cuza” din Craiova.
APLEO propune tuturor profesorilor de limba engleză și limba germană,

care doresc să-și îmbogățească activitatea profesională prin publicarea unor
articole de specialitate, revista internațională Pygmalion. Această
publicație va apărea în format electronic, respectiv online, iar membrii
APLEO vor publica articole și studii fără costuri. Articolele trebuie să se
încadreze într-o tematică bine stabilită, să aibă o structură specifică, să
respecte anumite cerințe și anumite standarde. Toate aceste detalii și alte
informații vor fi disponibile pe site-urile noastre.
La sfârșitul anului 2020 APLEO va relansa, după o pauză de peste 10

ani, publicația The Sentinel. Aceasta se adresează tuturor elevilor care
doresc să publice în limba engleză. Publicația va apărea anual în format
electronic, respectiv online. Tematica articolelor rămâne la libera alegere a
elevului și a profesorului coordonator. Contribuțiile pot fi trimise pe adresa de
mail sentinel@apleo.ro
APLEO a lansat în luna decembrie 2019, Concertul de Crăciun în colaborare

cu Teatrul Național “Marin Sorescu” din Craiova, și cu Partenerii Colegiul
Național “Frații Buzești”, Colegiul Național “Carol I”, Colegiul Național
“Elena Cuza”, Colegiul Național Militar “Tudor Vladimirescu” și Liceul de
Arte “Marin Sorescu”. Elevii au transpus în scenă lumea de basm a Crăciunului, prin
colindele pe care le-au interpretat. Proiectul va continua și în anii următori.
APLEO dorește să vină în sprijinul profesorilor care doresc să se perfecționeze cu

o ofertă variantă de cursuri de formare acreditate!
Contactați-ne: contact@apleo.ro
0748323403
Vizitați site-urile noastre:
www.blog.apleo.ro
www.apleo.ro În cazul în care considerați că materialele puse la
dispoziție de noi v-au fost utile și v-au ajutat în activitatea dumneavoastră
didactică și doriți să donați pentru sprijinirea activității APLEO, o puteți
face în contul nostru:
Asociația Profesorilor de Limba Engleză din Oltenia

CUI 40048784
Cont bancar: RO66BTRLRONCRT0465409901
deschis la Banca Transilvania, cu mențiunea „donație”
Material pus la dispoziție
GRATUIT!
Membrii sau reprezentanții APLEO nu vor solicita bani sau alte foloase pentru aceste
materiale! În cazul în care cineva solicită bani în numele APLEO se consideră infracțiune și
se pedepsește conform legii. Vă rugăm să ne contactați pentru orice tentative de fraudă.
Comercializarea este strict interzisă!
Publicația este sprijinită de !
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Despre autori
Verona Elena POPA, membru fondator APLEO, profesor titular

de limba engleză, gradul didactic I, la Colegiul Național Militar „Tudor
Vladimirescu”, Craiova. Este absolventă a Facultății de Litere și Istorie,
Universitatea din Craiova, specializarea limba engleză – limba
franceză, promoția 1997. In 2008 a încheiat studiile universitare de
master „Unitate și diversitate culturală în studierea limbii și literaturii
engleze”, Universitatea din Craiova. Metodist al ISJ Dolj, autor de
articole și studii de specialitate.
Diana Victoria COTESCU, Președinta Asociației profesorilor de limba engleză din

Oltenia – APLEO, eseist, traducător, membru al Uniunii Ziariștilor
Profesioniști din România, profesor titular de limba engleză la Colegiul
Naţional „Fraţii Buzeşti”. Este o persoană activă, fiind consilier
educativ, membru al Consiliului de administrație, membru în Consiliu
consultativ pentru disciplina limba engleză, profesor metodist de
specialitate, responsabil de cerc pedagogic şi mentor de practică
pedagogică etc. Face parte din colectivul de cercetători-colaboratori ai
Institutului de Studii şi Cercetări Socio-Umane „C.S. Nicolăescu-
Plopşor” Craiova al Academiei Române. A primit numeroase diplome
şi medalii pentru activitatea interdisciplinară, i s-a conferit titlul de
„Cetăţean al Europei” de către Liga Culturală pentru Unitatea
Românilor de Pretutindeni. Activitatea publicistică este foarte bogată,
fiind autoarea unui număr de 11 cărți, 6 studii în volume, 4 ediții îngrijite, 4 prefațe și
numeroase studii și articole în reviste din țară și din străinătate.
Laura Alina VASILE, membru fondator APLEO, profesor titular

de limba engleză, gradul didactic I, la Colegiul Național „Elena Cuza”,
Craiova. Este absolventă a Facultății de Litere Universitatea din
Craiova, specializarea limba engleză – limba latină, promoția 2003. In
2006 a încheiat studiile universitare de master „Literatură anglo-
americană”, Universitatea din Craiova. Un profesor cu o bogată
activitate didactică, managerială, mentor, trainer, metodist al ISJ Dolj,
autor de articole și studii de limba engleză și management educațional.
Ingrid CĂLĂFĂTEANU, membru APLEO încă de la înființare,

profesor titular de limba engleză la Colegiul Național Pedagogic „Ștefan
Velovan” Craiova, membru in Consiliul Cosultativ al ISJ Dolj, autor al
unor numeroase lucrari de specialitate, metodist al ISJ Dolj și mentor.
Absolventă a Facultății de Litere și Istorie din cadrul Universității din
Craiova, specializarea Istorie-Limba și Literatura engleză, 1997, gradul
didactic I. A contribuit la crearea unor noi modele și metode
educaționale inovative, de-a lungul anilor participând la elaborarea de
ghiduri metodice, platforme educaționale (INSAM/SOFTWIN), a participat ca organizator,
coordonator și evaluator la numeroase concursuri și olimpiade și examene naționale.
Livia CATANA, membru APLEO încă de la înființare, profesor de

limba engleză la Colegiul Național ”Nicolae Titulescu”, Craiova.
Profesează în învățământ de 20 ani și deține gradul didactic I. În această
perioadă a făcut parte din comisiile de organizare ale olimpiadelor și
concursurilor școlare. De asemenea, a participat la numeroase cursuri și
seminarii de formare profesională, a publicat articole și materiale
didactice în reviste de specialitate. Este în permanență preocupată de
dezvoltarea abilităților sale didactice.
Raluca Mirela GABROVEANU, membru APLEO de la înființare,

profesor titular de limba engleza la Colegiul National „Frații Buzești",
Craiova. Profesează în învățământ de 20 de ani și deține gradul didactic I. Are
diploma de Master in Filologie și este absolventă de Studii Aprofundate a
Facultății de Litere din Craiova. Coordonează examene PET-Cambridge și
IELTS. Are activitate ca TRAINER BULATS. Este autor de cărți și articole de
specialitate. Organizator concursuri școlare și extrașcolare.
Raluca IGNA, membru fondator APLEO, profesor grad didactic I la

Liceul Teoretic „Mihai Viteazul” Caracal, unde predă limba și literatura
engleză. Un profesor cu o bogată experiență în predarea limbii engleze la
toate nivelurile. Este coordonator al LTMV Caracal -Cambridge Preparation
Centre. Este membru în Consiliul Consultativ al ISJ Olt, responsabil de
comisie metodică, evaluator în cadrul concursurilor naționale de
specialitate și o variată activitate publicistică de specialitate.
Cristina Angela MIHULESCU, membru fondator APLEO, este

profesor de limba engleză la Liceul de Industrie Alimentara, Craiova, din
1998. A studiat la Colegiul National “Elena Cuza” si a absolvit cursurile
Universității din Craiova, secția Limba si Literatura Engleza – Limba si
Literatura Franceza, în anul 1998. In 2007 a absolvit masterul
„Managementul Proiectelor Europene”. Este membru activ în Asociația
Profesorilor de Limba Engleza, a scris si a publicat cărți si articole de
specialitate, a initiat si s-a implicat in diverse proiecte pentru copii, atât
naționale cât și internaționale.
Denisa Bianca PASĂRE, membru fondator APLEO, absolventă a
Facultății de Litere, Universitatea din Craiova, specializarea limba engleză-
limba română, promoția 1997, și-a început activitatea didactică la Liceul
Teoretic „Henri Coandă” din Craiova, unde funcționează și azi ca profesor
titular de limba engleză, având o experiență de 23 de ani. Formarea
profesională este dată atât de studiile universitare, cât și de cursurile de
perfecționare absolvite, grade didactice, masterat și doctorat. Un profesor
cu o vasta experiență în predarea limbii engleză la toate nivelurile, membru
în Consiliu Consultativ, metodist ISJ, mentor, formator CCD, cu o bogată
activitate publicistică în domeniu.
Maria Cristina ROTARU, membru APLEO, are o experiență

didactică de peste 20 de ani. Este, în prezent, profesor gradul I la Liceul
Teoretic “Tudor Arghezi” din Craiova. În 1997 a absolvit Facultatea de
Litere și Istorie a Universității din Craiova, iar în 2019 a încheiat studiile
universitare de master în cadrul aceleiași universități, specializarea ‘Studii
de limba engleză și literaturi anglo-americane’. Este profesor formator al
CCD Dolj, precum și autor de articole și studii de specialitate.
Ana Maria ȘTEFĂNESCU, membru APLEO, profesor gradul I,

predă limba engleză la CN „Elena Cuza” Craiova de 3 ani, iar înainte a predat
limba engleză la LT „Independenƫa” Calafat timp de 15 ani, acumulȃnd astfel
18 ani la catedră. Este absolventă a Universităƫii din Craiova, Facultatea de
Litere avȃnd şi un master în cadrul aceleiaşi facultăƫi, absolvit în 2008. De-a
lungul acestor ani, a fost implicată în proiecte legate de limba engleză, a fost
evaluator şi propunător de subiecte la examene susƫinute la limba engleză,
fiind mereu preocupată de propria dezvoltare profesională prin prisma
pasiunii pentru predarea limbii engleze.
Corina VASILE membru fondator APLEO, profesor de limba engleză la

Liceul Teoretic ” Henri Coandă”, Craiova, are o experiență de 23 de ani în
învățământ. Doamna profesor este mentor, trainer și autor de cărți, ghiduri,
materiale auxiliare, precum și studii și articole publicate în numeroase
reviste naționale și internaționale. De asemenea, este membru activ al
Asociației Profesorilor de Limba Engleză din Oltenia, cu participări multiple
la diverse activități de perfecționare și formare în țară și în afara ei.
Cuprins
Level B1 …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 12
VOCABULARY ……………………………………………………………………………………. 13
GRAMMAR ………………………………………………………………………………………… 43
READING ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 73
WRITING …………………………………………………………………………………………... 90
LISTENING ………………………………………………………………………………….…… 101
Level B2 …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 114
VOCABULARY ……………………………………………………………………………………. 115
GRAMMAR …………………………………………………………………………………..…… 145
READING ………………………………………………………………………………………..… 170
WRITING ……………………………………………………………………………………..…… 186
LISTENING ………………………………………………………………………………….…… 197
Level C1 ……………………………………………………………………………………….……. 210
VOCABULARY ………………………………………………………………………………..…. 211
GRAMMAR …………………………………………………………………………………….…. 236
READING ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 271
WRITING ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 289
LISTENING …………………………………………………………………………………….... 300

Introducere
APLEO Companion to teaching English online, volume 1 – B1, B2, C1 este

o colecție de materiale și fișe de lucru adresate profesorilor de limba engleză puși acum în
situația de a înlocui predarea clasică din sala de clasă cu predarea online, punând la
dispoziția acestora o serie de materiale create special pentru predarea online. Autorii
materialelor sunt membri de seamă ai Asociației și profesori de limba engleză cu o vastă
experiență în predarea limbii engleze.
Parcurgerea materialelor propuse, sub supravegherea și cu ajutorul profesorului, îi
ajută pe elevii nu doar să își verifice cunoștințele de limba engleză, ci și să își îmbunătățească
abilitățile și competențetele de comunicare în limba engleză.
Culegerea este structurată pe trei niveluri de dificultate – B1, B2 și C1 – conform
Cadrului European Comun de Referință pentru Limbi, respectând o progresivitate a
nivelului de dificultate, ceea ce conferă profesorului flexibilitate în utilizarea materialelor în
funcție de nivelul și particularitățile clasei.
Fiecare nivel cuprinde fișe și sarcini de lucru împărțite în 5 secțiuni – VOCABULARY,
GRAMMAR, READING, WRITING și LISTENING, vizând competențe esențiale și o arie
largă de probleme specifice limbii engleze și asigurând acces la diverse tipuri de exerciții ce
pot contribui la dezvoltarea competențelor de înțelegere a limbii engleze, precum și de
comunicare în limba engleză. Varietatea exercițiilor propuse, atât în forma tradițională, cât
și apelând la resurse online, transformă experiența predării și învățării online a limbii
engleze într-o experiență nu doar utilă, ci și placută pentru toți actorii implicați. Pe lângă
fișele de lucru în format PDF, ghidul oferă beneficiarilor activitățile de writing în format
editabil, precum și link-urile / înregistrările necesare rezolvării sarcinilor de lucru pentru
partea de listening.
De asemenea, autorii culegerii pun la dispoziția cadrelor didactice un Teacher’s book,
ce poate fi solicitat pe baza unei declarații pe propria răspundere.
În speranța că materialele propuse vor fi utile, eficiente și plăcute, vă dorim mult
succes în activitatea de predare și învătare a limbii engleze.
Autorii
COMPANION TO TEACHING ENGLISH ONLINE – B1, B2, C1, VOLUME I
Level B1
www.apleo.ro www. blog.apleo.ro contact@apleo.ro

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VOCABULARY

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B_1_VOCABULARY_WORSKSHEET_1
I. Choose the correct answer.

1. It is raining outside and I think I will …………this waterproof coat.
a) wear on b) put on c) make up d) turn down
2. There should be stricter laws against the illegal dumping of…………. waste in rivers.
a) toxic b) rubbish c) wright d) industry
3. The two brothers are having an interesting discussion …………. different ways of
spending the free time.
a) on b) in c) about d) for
4. Although this house is as old as the …………, I would like to live in. (idiom)
a) seas b) hills c) mountains d) history
5. John’s parents decided to buy a small ……………..car.
a) non-expensive b) unexpensive c) disexpensive d) inexpensive
6. They had a great surprise when they found that the expensive painting was
actually…….
a) worthy b) penniless c) worthless d) valuable
7. A non-governmental organization was set up to …………. on the problem of the waste
materials.
a) report b) point c) inquire d) check
8. Which is the opposite of unsociable?
a) anti-social b) easy-going c) gregarious d) unfriendly
9. In ………..did we try to find Mike at home. He must have left on a trip to Italy.
a) vain b) vane c) vein d) vainglory
10. Being in a desperate situation, my sister decided to go to the bank and …………all her
money.
a) get on b) withdraw c) do up d) put on
II. Read the sentences below and find the synonyms for the verbs written in
bold.
1. My grandfather is such a difficult man! He is always grumping a.to yell
about something all the time!
2. The two lovers were walking in the park hand in hand. The boy was b.to retort
murmuring a love poem, but the girl was teasing him.

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3. The children shouted for joy when they heard the plans for the c. to cheer
summer holiday.
4. She was so overwhelmed that she couldn’t utter a word. d.to scold
5. I know that you haven’t done your homework yet. Don’t reply that e.to slander
you had many demands upon your time!
6. The two women were gossiping in front of the house, peeping at f.to mumble
me several times.
7. Mike was at a loss. He stammered some excuse, but I didn’t g.to say
understand him.
8. When he heard the plans for the marriage ceremony, he objected h.to stutter
shortly.
9. When the children saw that the hurricane was approaching, they i.to protest
began to shriek. crustily
10. Mother reproached her son for being so rude with the other j.to josh / to
children. whisper
III. a. Match words from list A with words from list B to make compound nouns.
A B
global assistant
two-car money
shop gas
greenhouse potatoes
pocket garage
motor way
pot root
ring hole
beet warming
mashed road
III. b. Complete the following sentences, using the correct compound noun
from exercise III a.
1. A serious problem of our environment is ……………..because it affects the world’s climate.
2. My little brother was so ashamed of what he said that he went as red as a………
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3. It is very dangerous on the …………..because cars and motorbikes get a much higher
speed.
4. This detached house has running water, central heating, air conditioning and a
……………. No wonder it is so expensive.
5. A ………….. is a deep natural underground cavity formed by the erosion of rocks,
especially by the action of water.
6. I would like to buy this pair of shoes, but I don’t know how much it is. Let’s ask the ……..
7. My little child’s favourite meal is…………….
8. They decided to drive on the …………… in order to avoid the traffic of the centre.
9. For a teenager still at school, ………………. is something very useful. So, he decided to
deliver letters and newspapers to his neighbours.
10. Methane is a ……………and its presence in the atmosphere affects the climate system.
IV. Read the following “time” idioms and their meanings. Make sentences using
these idioms.
1. Sign of the times = refers to something that shows the nature of today's society
2. Time after time = you do something repeatedly or on many occasions.
3. Time on your hands= you have a lot of free time, usually more than you need or want.
4. Time of your life = you enjoy yourself very much.
5. Time is ripe = it is the right moment to do something.
6. Time on your side = you can afford to wait before doing
or achieving something.
7. Stand the test of time = you continue to consider something valuable or useful after
many years
8. Nick of time = means that something happens at the last minute,
when it is nearly too late.
9. A race against time = means you have to work very quickly in order to do or finish
something before a certain time.
10. Play for time = you try to delay or prevent something from happening
in order to gain an advantage.

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I. Write the correct word derived from its corresponding verb.

Verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs
1. to believe
2. to convince
3. to suspect
4. to practise
5. to oppose
6. to specialise
7. to go
8. to fascinate
9. to formalise
10. to legalise
II. Fill in the diagram with words related to “holiday” and explain the meaning
of the idioms (E.g. A hiking holiday is the holiday when we explore nature by
walking for a long distance across country or in the woods.)
Hiking
Hiking
holiday
holiday
holiday

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III. Study the following phrasal verbs, then fill in the correct particle in the
sentences 1-10.
1. to look after = to take care of sb./ sth.

2. to look out = to pay attention
3. to look up = to look for a name, address, word in a book or dictionary
4. to look into = to search for the truth
5. to look at = to examine, to study something
6. to look back = to think about the past
7. to look for = to search for something
8. to look down = to consider oneself superior to another person
9. to look forward = to be excited about something that will happen
10. to look on = to watch something happening without getting involved
Fill in the correct particle.

1. I have to go to the office. Would you be so kind to………….. my child?
2. While the police were investigating the terrible accident, the passers-by were just………….
without interfering.
3. Mary was very upset. She considered that her friend ……………..on her because she didn’t
pass the driving test.
4. I ……………….to seeing you again, after so many years of estrangement.
5. If you want to be happy and healthy, don’t ………………….. all the time!
6. The manager ………………………. ways of cutting costs.
7. Mary’s parents are …………………. her deeds in order to know how to behave with their
daughter.
8 If you don’t know all the words from the text, you can ……… them …………. in a dictionary.
9. …………………..! This wall is going to collapse!
10. I don’t know where I put my keys. Can you help me to………………………., please?

18
IV. Homophones are words that sound the same but have different spelling and
different meanings. Choose the correct word in each sentence.
1. My sister caught flu/ flew and she didn’t go to school for a week.
2. The teacher asked the student to read the text allowed/ aloud so that everybody could
hear him.
3. The rattle at the end of the tale / tail is a warning sign.
4. I don’t know whether / weather to bring the notebook or only the student book.
5. Laughing and having a great time are good for my soul / sole.
6. Do you have a regular schedule to bring down your wait / weight?
7. If you want to be fashionable, you should wear high-heel/ heal shoes.
8. When I was a child, I used to go to the annual fair / fare in my village.
9. Tell me what really happened. Don’t waste / waist my time.
10. Be careful around these figurines because they break / brake easily.

19
I. Read the following idioms (Word Focus: ‘’To Keep’’) and their explanations
and make sentences using them.
1. Keep up with the times = to be fashionable
2. Keep up appearances = to keep an outward show of prosperity or good behaviour
3. Keep to oneself = to be lonely, to stay away from other people
4. Keep the wolves at bay = to fight against some troubles
5. Keep the ball rolling = to continue doing an activity in spite of difficult situations
6. Keep (something) under wraps = to keep something hidden
7. Keep (someone) on tenterhooks = to keep someone in suspense
8. Keep late hours = to stay out until very late
9. Keep one’s shirt on = to remain calm, patient
10. Keep one’s chin up = to be brave, to be determined
II. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits
in the space in the same sentence.
1. Being an………… architect, I was happy to take on the challenge of building your new house.
ENTHUSE
2. My boss’s ……………………to give me an important project to do, just because I am a young
person, really infuriated me. RELUCTANT
3. If you hadn’t driven so…………………….., you wouldn’t be in hospital now! CARE
4. Alice’s …………………… has given her a week off because she wanted to plan her marriage.
EMPLOY
5. The ……………………. view from the hotel window looks like something from a fairy tale.
PICTURE
6. William Shakespeare was considered to be the best ………………….. of all time, as he is the
author of an immense body of work. PLAY
7. Many people who think they have talent and a ………………….. future in the artistic field go
to Hollywood. PROFESSION
8. The most popular types of ……………………….. among students are going out with friends
or chatting on net. ENTERTAIN
9. I have never seen such a ………. crime drama, full of visual effects and a catchy tune. GRIP
10.If you want to get a well-paid job, make sure your CV is up to date and send off at least
one …………………………… every day. APPLY

20
III. Choose the correct word from the following sentences.

1. The house feels alone / lonely now that our parents moved to the countryside.
2. I needed some money to buy a new car so I borrowed/ lent it from my mother, as I am
little bit anxious about banks.
3. Before going on a trip, you should check / control your oil, water and tyres.
4. The students should have listened to their teacher's council /counsel and read again the
essays before handing them.
5. Working for the royal family means to be very discrete/ discreet.
6. The historical record offer an insight into the everyday / every day life of Medieval
Britain.
7. "I know that you have worked very hard lately so, lay down/ lie down and have a rest!"
8. I bought a blouse using the net web and I am disappointed because it is lose / loose.
9. Many people in the UK mourned / moaned the death of Princess Diana. It was a terrible
moment for them.
10. The politicians have decided not to proceed / precede with the new legislation.
IV. Study the following words, which say “look” in different ways:
To frown
To blink To gaze
=to look in an angry
= briefly shut the To glimpse =to look at something for
way, moving down
eyes. = to see briefly. a long time, in surprise
the eyebrows
or admiration.
together.

21
To stare
To glance To peep To peer =to look at sb/sth
=to have a quick =to look furtively. =to look with fixed eyes.
look at something searchingly
To wink To glare
=to close one eye = stare angrily or fiercely
briefly,
as a signal to sb.
(source: http://www.michellehenry.fr/looking2.htm)
V. Put the verbs in the correct place in the sentences below:

1. Those persons look strange but it is impolite …………………… at them!
2. Our neighbour is a very curious person. He is always……………………… at our house, even
during the night!
3. If somebody has got eyesight problems, he will …………………repeatedly.
4. When I was little, I used to ……………..at the toys in the window.
5. People……………. if they are concentrating on something or if they are annoyed.
6. Did you ………………the person who was crossing the street? I thought I just saw someone.
7. Sometimes, during a conversation, a ……………..can communicate an unspoken string of
words. It suggests friendship, closeness or approval.
8. The lawyer’s eyes rarely left the jury except occasionally to……………. down at his notes to
use more information about the case.
9. “That's not funny!" mother said angrily, turning to ………….. at him.
10. I knew that she was upset with me because she passed by without……………. at me.

22
I. Read the passage about tourist attractions in Hawaii and give synonyms for
each word written in bold.
Hawaii's tropical climate and laid-back Pacific Island atmosphere are just part of
what makes the state so special. Occupying the tops of massive volcanic mountaintops (1)
jutting out of the sea, these islands
have a (2) diverse and beautiful
landscape that varies from the stark
lunar surface of the Kilauea volcano to
lush green forests filled with exotic
flowers. Waterfalls (3) stream down
the mountain sides like tears on Na Pali
coast, while ancient rivers (4) have
carved deep into the rock of Kauai to
create the Waimea Canyon. The Big Island is home to an active volcano, and Oahu is home
to Pearl Harbor and its rich history. Surrounding them all, the (5) magnificent Pacific is
home to a plethora of ocean life, providing (6) infinite opportunities to snorkel, scuba dive,
surf, or simply go for a swim after sunbathing. Perhaps the most special part of the islands,
however, are its people, whose (7) welcoming attitude make you truly feel like you are in
paradise. Waikiki, with its beautiful (8) stretch of oceanfront beach, is Hawaii's biggest
tourist attraction. A suburb of Honolulu, Waikiki is popular for its big resorts, dining,
entertainment, and shopping. The (9) boardwalk, known as the Waikiki Beach Walk, is
lined with cafes and entertainment venues. The sunny weather and beaches draw tourist to
Hawaii to relax and take in the tropical (10) landscape.
(https://www.planetware.com/tourist-attractions/hawaii-ushi.htm)
II. British versus American words

The American words in the sentences below are in italics. Replace each
American word or phrase with a British word or phrase from the following list.
queue, windscreen, pay-rise, play truant, nappies, garden, lift, holidays, cinema, fail, note,
chemist, shops, underground, autumn, petrol station, railway timetable, ground floor
1. Tom was not a serious and diligent student. He used to play hookey all the time. No
wonder he flunk his last exam.

23
2. After the workers’ objections, the businessman promised them a pay-hike and longer
paid vacations.
3. I want to leave for New York in two days. Do you have a railroad schedule?
4. Unfortunately, my grandfather is suffering from a stroke. My mother goes to the
drugstore to buy diapers every week.
5. In America, you have to stand in line at the movie-theatre. There are so many people
interested in movies!
6. We are living in the suburbs so, if we want to go to the stores, we have to take the
subway.
7. My neighbour has serious financial problems because of unemployment. He has only a
twenty-dollar bill till the end of the month.
8. Our yard is full of multicoloured leaves in the fall. It is a great pleasure to stay outdoors
during this season.
9. Whenever my father stops at a gas station, he cleans the windshield.
10. I live in a block of flats which has an elevator. I don’t get upset if it is out of order because
I live on the first floor.
III. Make sentences with the following fixed phrases which contain the word
“hand”.
1. to lay violent hands on smb. – a folosi violența asupra cuiva.
2. to have long hands – a fi о persoană influentă
3. to have blood on smb.’s hands – a avea mâinile pătate de sânge, a fi comis o crima
4. to rub one’s hands – a freca mâinile de bucurie
5. to win smb’s hand – a câștiga inima cuiva
6. to kiss one’s hand to smb. – a trimite un sărut
7. to walk hand in hand – a te plimba de mana
8. to be in smb.’s hands – a fi sub influenta cuiva
9. to gain the upper hand – a birui, a fi victorios
10. to stay in smb.’s hand – a încurca pe cineva
IV. Choose the correct answer.

1. Mark is very proud of his job. He earns his …………. by healing people. He is a doctor.
a) life b) live c) living
2. Easter holiday is my father’s favourite celebration. Many ………..come to his store to buy
all kind of things.

24
a) patients b) clients c) customers

3. If you drive on the motorway, you are allowed to …………the speed limit
a) surpass b) exceed c) overcome
4. Her mother’s strong ……………refrained her from spending the time in discos.
a) principals b) principles c) principal
5. Please……………… me to post your letter when I go downtown. You know that I have been
very busy lately and I might forget.
a) remember b) remind c) recall
6. The Greenpeace organization has an interesting …………………….to involve many people in
their actions.
a) policy b) politics c) politic
7. John’s sister is a very industrious student. She studies till late at night …………on Sundays.
a) except b) apart from c) besides
8. If you want to get a good mark in your exam, you should know how to write a letter of
……………
a) complain b) complaint c) complaining
9. When I visited Paris, I saw many artists who were painting, singing or even dancing on
the………..of Seine.
a) bank b) shore c) border
10. My parents have been saving money for a long time because they want to make a long
………by sea.
a) voyage b) trip c) journey

25
I. Use the words in capitals at the end of each of the following sentences to form
a word that fits suitably in the blank space:
1. Police had a detailed ____________________ of the art gallery thief. (DESCRIBE)
2. We would like to fly to the United __________________as soon as possible. (KING)
3. Marie Curie was a renowned woman ____________________. (SCIENCE)
4. I refused to ____________________as I was not guilty. (APOLOGY)
5. The witnesses are under ____________________by police. (PROTECT)
6. We enjoyed the ____________________of the lovely cottage at night. (WARM)
7. Pablo Picasso is a famous ____________________ considered one of the most
influential of the 20th century. (ART)
8. After his parents' ____________________he had the surgery. (DIE)
9. I never knew the whole ____________________. (TRUE)
10. __________________ Akihito was Japan’s ruler in the last era. (EMPIRE)
II. Think of a word which best fits each space (1-10). Use only one word for each
space.
1. The riders dismounted and tied their horses . . . . . . . . the railing.
2. He has no pen to write . . . . . . . .
3. He pointed . . . . . . . . . that Mark’s assumption was wrong.
4. The four doctors always help one . . . . . . . . .
5. He is a designer. . . . . . . . . I know you can hire.
6. The climbers were shivering . . . . . . . . . cold waiting for the rescue team.
7. The new acquisition is a secret just . . . . . . . . you and me.
8. The surprise guest left . . . . . . . . saying good-bye.
9. I am not accustomed . . . . . . . . being spoken to like that by my boss.
10. I’d rather have some tea . . . . . . of apple juice.
III. Choose the correct item.

1. I can rely . . . my cousin to lend me some good tools for gardening.
a. to b. with c. in d. on
2. I . . . hands with his nephew when we were first introduced.
a. gave b. greeted c. shook d. offered

26
3. The reason . . . I’m writing is to let you know the date of our wedding.
a. because b. why c. for d. as
4. . . . is it from downtown to your neighbourhood?
a. What a long way b. How long way
c. How far d. What distance
5. Where can we get a laptop? Let’s . . . Victor’s for a few hours.
a. lend b. bring c. find d. borrow
6. Don’t you . . . that they have already cancelled all the events?
a. forgive b. remember c. remind d. neglect
7. She must be very . . . losing her parents so tragically.
a. sole b. alone c. single d. lonely
8. The teenager failed the driving exam five times but . . . he passed.
a. at the end b. at finish c. at last d. at least
9. Scuba diving is an exciting . . . for all ages.
a. game b. play c. sport d. match
10. We . . . watching science-fiction movies on Friday nights.
a. amuse b. please c. enjoy d. delight
IV. Which is the right choice?

1. I’m sure I’ll meat/meet him at the international conference.
2. How could I translate the sentence: “He’s as mad as a March hair/hare? “
3. The latest Arabian sky-scrapers have tens of storeys/stories.
4. Will you way/weight me two pounds of dough?
5. He who lead/led the secret service police escaped unpunished.
6. Pears/Peers are ripe in autumn.
7. The villagers grow a sort of flowery/ floury potatoes in this field.
8. She always rings/ wrings her hands in distress when reminded of the imminent contest.
9. The hail / hale stones damaged the whole wheat crop two months ago.
10. My godfather used to wear a thick leather belt round the waste/waist.

27
1. What is the ________________of the theme park you told me about? (LOCATE)
2. The school offers a ___________of activities students can do. (SELECT)
3. The view from the top of the bridge is absolutely ________. (FASCINATE)
4. _____________, we found the missing Egyptian statue. (LUCK)
5. He hates reading French _________________. (POEM)
6. Even the best detective could not solve the ________________crime. (MYSTERY)
7. She owns a ____________________bakery in Ireland. (SUCCEED)
8. The ________________of the evidence is being investigated by police. (DESTROY)
9. ____________________is not one of her best features. (HONEST)
10. My husband didn't go up to the top because he is afraid of _______. (HIGH)
space.
1. I object . . . . . . . . her being punished so severely for her deed.
2. The manager spoke not only loudly, but . . . . . . . clearly.
3. Boys always wish. . . . . . . . fancy cars.
4. The tailor came at . . . . . . . . . 5 o’clock p.m.
5. The blue dress is too tight; it needs letting . . . . . . . . at the waist.
6. According . . . . . . . . . . the latest weather forecast we’re in for a hot summer.
7. . . . . . . . . . did it was a smart person!
8. We found it difficult to run . . . . . . . . . . . the thick forest.
9. I caught sight of the gift just . . . . . . . . . . . chance.
10. The surgeons took a taxi and . . . . . . . . . they saved time.

1. . . . she was unhappy she continued the relationship.
a. Even b. Yet c. Although d. In spite
2. Your hairdryer is on the floor. . . . !
a. take it up b. pick it up c rise it d. put it up
3. These earrings are not too expensive for me. I can . . . them.
a. spend b. pay c. afford d. cost

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4. You . . . make up your mind now. It’s getting late.

a. had rather b. would rather
c. would better d. had better
5. I have an . . . with my counsellor this afternoon.
a. assignation b. chance
c. opportunity d. appointment
6. Tik Tok is the most . . . application in the world.
a. preferred b. known
c. favourite d. popular
7. There’s my father. I’ll . . . some money.
a. ask him for b. demand him
c. require him d. question him
8. The weather . . . says it will rain cats and dogs tomorrow.
a. prevision b. forecast
c. advertisement d. advice
9. This can’t be my . . . on the cheque. It is a fake.
a. mark b. letter
c. firm d. signature
10. . . . having a lecture, the professor saw a sleeping student.
a. By b. For
c. At d. While

1. Bald Eagles are strong birds of pray /prey.
2. Farmers sow/sew the fields when springtime comes.
3. The goods and supplies we have just got were air born/borne.
4. Is that lovely old chalet on sail/sale?
5. I love the autumn hue/hew of this old painting.
6. He drew several arks/arcs with the compasses.
7. It’s a great/grate privilege to have you as our guest at this reunion.
8. There’s no gait/gate on this part of the school fence.
9. Due/Dew drops glitter on the wind shield of my car at dawn.
10. The father took the bride along the isle/aisle of the church.

29
1. It has rained __________________in the last 48 hours in my county. (CONSIDER)
2. We were _______________ that our son would find another job soon. (HOPE)
3. Her letter had a lot of _______________ paragraphs. (MEANING)
4. We were surprised by his unexpected ______________. (APPEAR)
5. His _______________ is Korean. (NATION)
6. He signed with a new ____________. (AGENT)
7. Travelling can __________ your horizons. (BROAD)
8. The two spouses had a terrible ___________ last night. (ARGUE)
9. I saw the most ___________ sunset in Greece last summer. (BEAUTY)
10. He is _____________ to compete in the motorcycle race. (ABLE)
space.
1. The judges have taken all the evidence into consideration and . . . . they are not convinced.
2. I can’t believe you are . . . . . . . . . angry with your son after so many months.
3. . . . . . . . . . teachers, we’re responsible for our lesson plans.
4. . . . . . . . . . . we can’t afford this watch, let’s have a look at others for a change.
5. Stand clear . . . . . . . . . that gate!
6. Behave . . . . . . . . . at the presentation today!
7. Keep an eye . . . . . . . . . . the cake while I’m out, will you?
8. The biker skidded and crashed . . . . . . . . . a lamp-post.
9. I was deprived . . . . . . . . . .the right to speak my mind in front of the committee.
10. The maid will do some housework . . . . . . . . . . our absence.

1. The employee has arrived late . . . .
a. as usual b. as usually c. like usual d. like usually
2. We went diving . . . the rain.
a. although b. instead c. even though d. in spite of
3. He . . . my dear grandfather.
a. remembers me of b. remembers me c. reminds me of d. reminds me

30
4. My . . . secretary has just been transferred.

a. proper b. own c. same d. self
5. The lift is out of . . . so you will have to climb up the stairs.
a. function b. order c. running d. work
6. Will the play be . . . by midnight?
a. out b. down c. up d. over
7. We arrived at the airport so late that . . . the time we got there the plane had taken off.
a. at b. by c. in d. before
8. I avoid taking a cab in favour . . . walking.
a. to b. of c. for d. with
9. These exercises are . . . no means as difficult as the previous ones.
a. in b. on c. by d. for
10. It took him over a month to . . . from his knee operation.
a. repair b. cure c. recover d. mend

1) There must be much at stake/steak if they can’t stop cheating.
2) The window pain/pane was broken and that explained the terrible draught.
3) You should have pressed the brake/ break harder to avoid that pole.
4) Women haven’t died/dyed their hair due for months to the quarantine.
5) You have to peal/peel the avocado for the salad first.
6) I`m so hungry, I will not skip the second course/coarse.
7) I’m sure he nose/knows what this delicious smell is.
8) The Holy/Wholly Books are treasured documents of Christianity.
9) Suddenly, I heard a terrifying grown/groan in the dark cage.
10) Good chefs always use high-quality steal/steel blades in their kitchens.

31
I. Choose the right verb: MAKE OR DO.

1. It is quite difficult to ________ a living in a foreign country.
2. After you have eaten, please _________ the dishes.
3. You must _________ a good job if you want to be promoted.
4. Please _________ me a favour and stop complaining all the time.
5. It is hard to _________ a good choice when you are very young and inexperienced.
6. _________ your best if you wish to win the big prize.
7. I must __________a course in English before I apply for a job abroad.
8. In this office you can _________ a complaint if you encounter any offensive behaviour.
9. Prepare yourself: we are going to _________ a visit to the new Arts Centre.
10. A flood can _________ a lot of damage to our small town.
II. Fill in the gaps with the right form of the phrasal verb: BREAK UP, CALL
OFF, COME UP WITH, FIND OUT, GET ON, LOOK AFTER, LOOK FOR, LOOK
UP, TURN OUT, TAKE AFTER.
1. She has been _________ the passport for half an hour, but it doesn't seem to be
anywhere.
2. You should ___________ this word in the dictionary if you don't know exactly its
meaning.
3. Mother _____________ that the child was lying to her.
4. He ____________ his father. He has the same green eyes and blond hair.
5. I _____________ my little brother while my parents are away.
6. My cousin and his wife ___________ after a few years of marriage.
7. My friend ___________ a brilliant solution to our problem.
8. In the end, it ___________ to be a very easy exam.
9. Even if we are very different, me and my brother ___________ very well.
10.The football match had to be ___________ because of the storm.
III. Complete with the right preposition: OF, ON, FOR, IN, WITH, TO.
1. She applied _________ a job in England but unfortunately, she didn't get it.
2. We don't approve ________ your moving out to another country.
3. My friend apologised _______ me and we made peace.
4. My parents are relying _______ me in the old age.

32
5. I can't concentrate _______ my work if there is too much noise around.

6. You have to work hard if you want to succeed ________ your career.
7. They are keen _______ playing cricket.
8. He is fond _______ his toy-car collection.
9. I’m not interested _______ selling the house yet.
10.Our company provides you _______ the best services.
IV. Match the adjectives with their suitable set of synonyms:

1. AMAZING
2. AWFUL
3. BRAVE
4. ANGRY
5. SCARED
6. INTERESTING
7. DANGEROUS
8. FAMOUS
9. DELICIOUS
10. MOODY
A. SAVOURY, APPETIZING, EXQUISITE

B. WRATHFUL, FURIOUS, MAD
C. WELL-KNOWN, RENOWNED, NOTORIOUS
D. PERILOUS, HAZARDOUS, RISKY
E. UNBELIEVABLE, ASTONISHING, ASTOUNDING
F. SULKY, CHANGEABLE, CAPRICIOUS
G. DREADFUL, TERRIBLE, ABOMINABLE
H. ENCHANTING, GRIPPING, FASCINATING
I. FRIGHTENED, TERRIFIED, FEARFUL
J. VALIANT, DARING, BOLD

33
I. Complete the text with the missing words:

DESTINATION, OVERTOOK, AIMS, HANDLE, INTERNATIONAL, PREVIOUS
STEADILY, OPERATE, DOMESTIC, BUSIEST.
WORLD'S BUSIEST AIRPORT FOR INTERNATIONAL TRAVELERS

Dubai remains the world's busiest airport for 1.____________ travellers. The
airport had almost 90 million passengers in 2017, 1% more than
the 2.____________ year. Only
Atlanta (103 million) and Beijing (95
million) 3._____________ more
passengers, but a large number of them
travel on 4._____________ flights.
Dubai 5.____________ London
Heathrow as the world's
6.___________ airport for international passengers in 2014. Since 2003 Dubai Airport
has been growing 7._____________. It is the home hub of Emirates and FlyDubai.
The Middle Eastern airport is a major gateway for travellers from Europe to Asia and
Australia. Over 100 airlines 8.____________out of Dubai Airport. India (12 million)
was the most popular 9.______________ for passengers flying out of Dubai, followed
by Saudi Arabia and the UK. The airport now 10._____________ at taking over Atlanta
and Beijing to become the world's largest airport in terms of overall passengers.
(www.english-online/at)
II. Fill in each gap with only one suitable word.
VOLUNTOURISM – A NEW TREND IN TOURISM

Volunteering to help people 0. ____IN____
need combined with travelling to faraway places is a
new trend in the travel industry. It is called
voluntourism. People travel to other countries, learn
languages and other cultures and 1.__________
new experiences. On the other side,
they volunteer to help others 2.___________ are not as well off as they are.

34
Recent statistics show that in the past few years voluntourism has been one of the fastest-
growing areas 3. ____ tourism. More than 1.6 million people around the world are
volunteers in other countries. They work in orphanages, help build schools, assist in
hospitals and 4. ___________ farming work in developing countries. Some of
them establish lasting bonds with people far away.
While voluntourism has been around for over a century, modern volunteering started with
the Peace Corps, a program that the US government started in the 1960s.
There are many reasons 5. __________ people want to engage in voluntourism. Students
see it as a gap year after school, 6. ____________simply want to take time out from a
job and do something else. Then there are 7. ___________ who are bored
and merely seek adventure. 8. ___________, many voluntourists do not see
volunteering as what it is. They think it is a cheap way of traveling and don't really want to
get involved in hard work.
Not everyone sees voluntourism in a positive way. Critics say that if people really want to
help those in need there are many opportunities in their own community to do this. On the
other side, volunteers are 9. ___________ not skilled enough for the tasks that they do.
Travel experts point out that in some cases voluntourism are exploited by the organization
that sets 10. ___________ the trips.
Job organizations urge volunteers to inform themselves about organizations and projects
before applying for a job. Serious development programs are mostly sponsored by
international organizations.
III. Use the words in brackets to form a new word that fits
in each blank.
TOURISM
Tourism is travelling
for 1. …………..
(PLEASE) or to enjoy
yourself away from the place you live. People
do this for many 2. ……………. (DIFFER)
reasons – to have fun, visit other countries and
learn about other cultures or just for 3.
…………………. (RELAX) from stressful
working life. Tourists go to 4. ……... (VARY)

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destinations - countries with great landmarks, places with 5. ................... (MARVEL)

beaches or simply areas of 6. ………………... (WILD) and 7. …………… (TOUCH) nature.
In the last few decades tourism has witnessed a large 8. ……………. (GROW), mostly
because people’s lifestyles have changed. They don’t want to stay at home any more. They
spend more money on travelling than previous generations did. Travelling has also become
cheaper and more 9 ……………. (AFFORD). The rise of budget airlines has made it
possible to afford trips to 10. …………….. (AWAY) countries.

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IV. Rephrase the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning with the first
one. Use no more than three words.
1. We bought the concert tickets online because they were very cheap.
The concert tickets were ……………………………………….. we bought them online.
2. In spite of the bad weather, he had a great time on his summer holiday.
………………. the weather was bad, he had a great time on his summer holiday.
3. We didn't visit the Louvre Museum because time was too short.
We didn’t have ………………………………………visit the Louvre Museum.
4. Paris will fascinate you.
You ………………………………… by Paris.
5. People say he is a talented painter.
He ………………………………… be a talented painter.
6. It's a couple of weeks since they last called their friends.
They ……………………………… their friends for a couple of weeks.
7. He started smoking in his adolescence.
He …………………………. since adolescence.
8. My car is not as fast as yours.
Your car is …………………. than mine.
9. It isn't necessary to call the police.
You …………………… call the police.
10. In my opinion, taking a walk would be good for you.
You ……………………. take a walk if you ask me.

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I. Choose the correct word or phrase for each gap:
HAPPINESS CAN CAUSE HEART PROBLEMS

EXAMPLE 0. A. DURING B. FOR C. SINCE D. OVER
0. FOR a long time we have known that sadness or a stressful event can 1.__________
heart muscles to become weaker. This may cause 2.___________ of breath, a pain in
the chest and may 3.____________ lead to a heart attack. Now, a study published by
the European Heart Journal 4.____________ that happiness can also lead to the
same symptoms.
Swiss researchers at the University of Zurich looked at data coming from almost 500
patients in 9 countries who were likely to 5.____________ such a broken heart disease.
In most cases the death of a family member or close relative, an accident, divorce or
6._____________relationship problems caused such a heart weakness.
7._____________, in 20 patients the same symptoms were triggered by happy
and joyful events, such as birthday parties, weddings, the birth of a grandchild or after their
favourite team had won a competition. Experts call this the happy heart syndrome.
The researchers point out that doctors should be aware of both sides
when treating patients. 8.____________the study reasons for a broken heart

38
syndrome may be more widespread than previously considered. The study has also found
out that in over 90% of the cases older women over 60 were at risk.
What exactly causes such a syndrome remains unknown. The broken heart syndrome
was first 9.____________in Japan in 1990. At the beginning it was connected
to negative emotions that lead to an increase in hormones. Doctors believe that emotional
reactions make the nervous system behave in a 10. __________way.
(www.english-online.at)
1. A. MAKE B. CREATE C. CAUSE D. DO
2. A. SHORTNESS B. DIFFICULTY C. PROBLEM D. ISSUE
3. A. EVENTUALLY B. STILL C. THUS D. SO
4. A. INVOLVES B. TELLS C. CLAIMS D. SAYS
5. A. MAKE B. TO ACHIEVE C. TO ACQUIRE D.DO
6. A. ANOTHER B. ANY C. FEW D. OTHER
7. A. ALTHOUGH B. HOWEVER C. ANYWAY D. BUT
8. A. ACORDING TO B. DUE TO C. BECAUSE OF D. GIVEN
9. A. DISCOVERED B. WITNESSED C. MET D. SEEN
10. A. DIFFERENT B. NEW C. CERTAIN D. GREAT
II. Use the words in brackets to form a new word that fits in each blank.
THE END OF HARRY POTTER, BUT POTTERMANIA IS STILL ALIVE

With the premiere of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part II the adventures of the
boy wizard and his friends come to an end.
Since 1997 seven books and eight movies
have captured the attention of millions of 1.
_________ (YOUNG) and adults around
the world.
The story may have come to an end but Harry
Potter and friends are still with us. Joanne
Rowling, the author of the books, is shifting to the Internet. Pottermore is a new website in
which Rowling wants to publish new material and give fans 2. _______ (SEE) into the
lives of the characters. Potter fans hope that Rowling might continue writing and come up
with a character that is as 3. _______(LIKE) as the boy wizard.
The fastest selling book series of the past has broken all records. More than 400
million copies of Harry Potter have been sold in 67 languages around the world. When

39
Rowling finished her first manuscript she hardly found a 4.________(PUBLISH) who
was interested. Since then she has earned about $1.5 billion. From 2001, when the first film
was released, until the present, movie goers have paid a total of $6 billion at the box office.
The 5. _______ (SUCCEED) of Harry Potter is a 6. _______ (MIX) of many
elements. The boy wizard and his friends live in both a real and magical world.
Rowling combines the real life of England with Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and
Wizardry. More than once they meet evil characters and find ways to defeat them. For
many young people Harry Potter is a boy they grew up with and a character they identified
with.
In a world full of multimedia and the Internet getting the young generation to read is no
small task. But Rowling has achieved nothing less. She hopes that young people who grew
up reading Harry Potter will pass the books on to the next generation.
For the main actors of the Potter films - Daniel Radcliff, Emma Watson and Rupert Grint –
7. ___________ (STAR) has come faster than normal. Their feelings are mixed. Daniel
Radcliff is relieved that the series is over, whereas Emma Watson describes her feelings
as bittersweet.
Not everyone sees Harry Potter in a positive light. Some 8.________ ( CRITICIZE) say
that the later books and films have become 9. _________ (INCREASE) darker and
more evil.

40
Nevertheless, even though the Harry Potter story has come to a close, Pottermania lives
on. Magic wands, Potter clothes and other Hogwarts items are sold at a value of millions of
dollars every year. In Orlando, Florida a new 10. ___________ (WIZARD) theme
park opened in 2010.
III. Rephrase the second sentence so that it has the same meaning with the first
one. Use no more than three words.
1. My friend's brother is an English teacher.
I have a friend …………….. an English teacher.
2. They are writing a new article about the impressive story of the immigrants.
A new article …………….. about the impressive story of the immigrants.
3. One of my sisters studies Architecture in London.
A sister ……………. Studies Architecture in London.
4. I’m sure he has arrived at the airport by now.
He …………….. at the airport by now.
5. We don't allow customers to enter our shop if they don't wear a mask and sanitary
gloves.
Customers aren’t allowed to enter our shop …… they wear a mask and sanitary gloves.
6. He started working as a volunteer many years ago.
He ………………. as a volunteer for many years.
7. Both my parents are against my going out in the city late at night.
………………… of my parents are in favour of my going out in the city late at night.
8. All students have to wear a uniform at this school.

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A uniform is ………………….. students at this school.

9. I have known my desk mate for 5 years.
I ………………. my desk mate 5 years ago.
10. My mother asked me if I had done the washing up.
“ ……………….. the washing up?”, my mother asked me.
IV. Choose one of the words in the list and fill in each blank:
BREW, BLOOD PRESSURE, ELDERLY, ROASTS, LINKED TO

FLAVORS, UNDECIDED, KEY, AWARENESS, FLAVORS
HOW COFFEE IS REALLY MADE?

Coffee is one of the most popular drinks
around the world. There are many
different types of coffee and experts claim
that there are more 1._________ of
coffee than there are of wine.
Coffee contains caffeine,
a stimulant that raises our 2. _______,
keeps us from falling asleep or simply
gives us a kick in the morning or after lunch.
Food experts, however, are still 3. _________ on how healthy coffee is. For a long time
doctors have told people not to drink too much coffee, because it may lead to heart problems,
high 4. __________, insomnia and headaches.
5. __________have now found out that it is the quality of coffee and the way it
is brewed that holds the 6. _________ to our health. 7. _________ people on the Greek
island of Ikaria, live longer than normal. Among other things, this is 8. ________
the consumption of a strong 9. __________ of coffee. Experts also point out that
different 10. __________ and types of coffee beans have different effects on our health.
Milk and sugar change the different levels of caffeine in a cup of coffee.

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GRAMMAR

43
B_1_GRAMMAR_WORKSHEET_1_ARTICLES_QUANTIFIERS
I. For each blank space, choose the proper article (a, an, the, or no article):
1. I spoke with __________ Irish director that I met at the film festival.
a) a b) an c) the d) no article
2. _________ Japanese are renowned for their seriousness and discipline.
3. Rome is ________ European city.
4. ___________ Buckingham Palace is the residence of the Queen.
5.I have ________ little time. I think I can catch the train.
6._____few people came to see the football match on such a rainy day.
7. This is __________ best Chinese restaurant in our city.
8. He is __________ honest man.
9. ___________ tea is very popular in England.
10. I don’t like __________ school, but I love the English class.
II. Complete the sentences with the words below:

LITTLE/ A LITTLE/ FEW/ A FEW
1. He has ____________ money with him. He can’t take the taxi.

2. I have _____________ memories from my childhood with my grandparents. I always
remember them with joy.
3. There is ______________ flour in the cupboard to make a delicious pie.
4. I’m sorry, but I speak ____________ French. Can we speak in English?
5.Very __________ people nowadays can afford to buy expensive stuff.
6. Would you like ___________ coffee and some cookies?
7. There are __________ beautiful places I would love to visit in the near future.

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8. All we need is ____________ more love and understanding.

9. We spent ___________ days in London then we went to Manchester.
10. Let me tell you ___________ about my teenage years.
III. Complete the sentences with the words below:

SOME / ANY / NO / MUCH / MANY/ A LOT OF / LOTS OF
1. Do you have ____________ idea about what is happening to her?

2. You need ___________ knowledge to become a teacher.
3. Does ____________ of them live in our neighbourhood?
4. We have _________ complaint against them. They are good people.
5. He brought _______ trouble in our family because of his bad behaviour.
6. ________ people don't recognize their faults.
7. _______ news is good news.
8. I don't remember _______ sad things about my childhood.
9. ________ parent wants the child to suffer.
10. There isn't ___________ to talk about.
IV. Complete the sentences with the words below:

EACH / EVERY / ONE / OTHER / NO OTHER / OTHERS/ ANOTHER
1. I have written a few e-mails to _____________ of my teachers lately.

2. Some young people like fashion, __________ are not interested at all.
3. The bus arrives in the city centre_________ 15 min.
4. __________________ of my cousins lives in England, the ____________ one in
France.
5. Let's give ___________ of them equal chances.
6. You can afford to make a mistake _________ time, but not _________ time you are
forgiven.
7. Neither one nor the __________ can remember the day of the accident.
8. You should discuss to ________ other and come to a final conclusion.
9. If you find ________ opportunity, please let me know!
10. _______ people in this world love you as your parents do.

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B_1_ GRAMMAR_WORKSHEET_2_NOUNS_ADJECTIVES
I. Change the sentences from singular into plural. Make all the necessary
transformations.
1. A mother loves her child unconditionally.
2. This person behaves like a gentleman.
3. The lady over there is an old acquaintance of mine.
4. A boy always looks up to his father.
5. It is very usual nowadays to see a business-woman running a big company.
6. I'm worried for my sister-in-law. She might have a serious disease.
7. I have an old photo of me and my friend on the desk.
8. He always carries a handkerchief in his pocket.
9. My life is unique and irreversible.
10. She has a colourful scarf that matches her new dress.
II. Write the comparative or superlative form of the adjectives in brackets:

1. Burj Khalifa in Dubai is considered to be_________ (high) Tower in the world as well
as one of ________ (spectacular) tourist attractions.
2. Her________ (old) brother works as an English teacher in China.
3. My sister Brenda is just a few years ________ (old) than me.
4. She is getting _________ (happy) and _________ (beautiful) than ever, after her
marriage.
5. As a parent, you have _________ (many) responsibilities to deal with than before.
6. The police need _________ (far) information to solve this difficult case.
7. After a lot of workout and a strict diet, she got _______ (slim) than ever.
8. The _______ (good) thing you can always do is to think positive.
9.The airport is much __________ (far) than I expected. We should take a taxi.
10. There's nothing _______ (bad) than to be caught in a traffic jam at a rush hour.
III. Underline the correct item.

1. Cartoons are very captivating/captivated for small children.
2. Please stop laughing. It is not amused/amusing at all.
3. Everyone is annoying/annoyed with her loud voice.
4. It is quite tiring/tired to work long hours.
5. I’m not interested/interesting in any of your work offers.

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6. Children often get boring/bored in the company of adults.

7. It sounds very exciting/excited to spend this weekend in an amusement park.
8. Antony gave a very inspiring/inspired speech at his graduation ceremony.
9. One may get confused/confusing in front of so many choices.
10. The rate of sick people everywhere is alarming/alarmed.
IV. Choose the correct form (adjectives vs. adverbs) to fill in the blanks.
1. No matter how she dresses, she always looks _______ (good/ well).
2. I find it ______ (hard/ hardly) to talk about family issues.
3. He has a brilliant mind: he always thinks very (fast/ fastly).
4. Go _______ (quickly/ quick) and take the umbrella.
5. It's raining ________ (heavy/ heavily) outside.
6. She never behaves ________ (bad/ badly) in front of her elders.
7. Stop shouting _______ (angry/ angrily). The baby is crying.
8. The doctor examined the patient ________ (careful/ carefully) before prescribing
the receipt.
9. You should take it _______ (easy/ easily). You are going to get sick at this rate.
10. The cake tastes _______ (wonderful/ wonderfully). I think I will take one more
piece.

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B_1_ GRAMMAR_WORKSHEET_3_PRESENT_FUTURE_TENSES
I. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tenses

1. “Can you help me with this heavy luggage, please?” ”I am sorry, I can’t. I am in a hurry.
I………………to the dentist.” (to go)
2. Usually, my husband ……………his cup of coffee in a café, but these days he…………… it at
home. (to drink/to drink)
3. This time tomorrow, I………………………to a luxurious resort in the Bahamas. (to fly)
4. I think my friends …………..about our meeting. I …………………..for them for an hour and
they …………………yet. (to forget / to wait / to show up)
5. The Prime-minister………….this part of the country as he has been informed about some
incidents. (to visit)
6. They…………….their power point presentation about great figures of modern history next
week. (to do)
7. They ……………………….. one of the most dangerous cliffs in the Alps for three hours. They
are tired and need a rest. (to climb)
8. ‘’What are you doing in my garden?” “I ……………these beautiful roses. They …………sweet”
(to smell / to smell)
9. I hope you …………. the camping holiday. I am sure you ……………..a lot about scouting. (to
enjoy / already to learn)
10. The students won’t go out to play until they………………their tasks. (to complete)
II. Correct the mistakes if it is necessary.

1. As soon as Mary will reach Bucharest, she will get in touch with her old friends.
2. My parents live in the same street for twenty years.
3. Mark speaks very good French. It is not a surprise as he is studying in Paris.
4. The Earth is spinning around the Sun at 29, 73 km. / second speed.
5. Have you seen my newspaper? I put it somewhere but I can’t find it.
6. Hello, John. How are you? I didn’t see you for a long time.
7. It is known that birds are flying.
8. Tom has been very busy lately. He is leaving for England on Sunday morning.
9. I am reading two short stories so far today.
10. Alice’s brother will buy an expensive house as soon as he will get a well-paid job.

48
III. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence.
1. Mark is still painting the walls of his flat.
Mark ……………………………………………..
2. We started studying English ten years ago.
We ……………………………………………………….
3. I am eager to see your house in the countryside.
I’m ……………………………………………………
4. They have never read such a boring book before.
It is …………………………………………………………
5. Mary and Fiona visited Rome in 2009.
Mary and Fiona …………………………………..
6. The doctor plans to examine his last patient and then to go home.
The moment the doctor …………………………………….
7. I last met my cousin five years ago. He is living in Canada now.
I ……………………………………………………..
8. They haven’t been to Croatia for many years.
It’s years …………………………………….
9. The students haven’t written the entire composition yet.
The students …………………………………….
10. It is our first visit at the Louvre Museum and we are very excited about it.
It is the first time ……………………………………
IV. Match the verbs in bold to their use.

1. Water boils at 100 degrees and freezes a) Action which started in the past and
at o degrees. continues up to the present; emphasis on
the duration of the action
2. The train to Budapest leaves in 10 min. b) An action whose result is visible in the
present.
3. She is getting more and more beautiful. c) Repeated action
She will become a gorgeous young lady.
4. ‘’I’m thirsty’’. ‘’I’ll bring you a glass of d) Action which is happening at the time
water. Wait a minute, please.’’ of the speaking.
5. My brother is going to run his own IT e) Law of nature
company soon.

49
6. My grandfather is working in the garden f) Promises, offers

at the moment.
7. Since my mother is very tired, I’ll help g) Timetables and programmes
her with the cleaning of the house.
8. They have been rehearsing for the h) On-the-spot decision
musical competition for two hours.
9. Frank’s brother has broken his leg and i) developing situations
he is in hospital now.
10. We go to school every day, except on j) Plans, intentions for the future.
Sundays.

50
B_1_ GRAMMAR_WORKSHEET_4_PAST_TENSES
I. Choose the correct answer

1. She …………………..a mask at Venice carnival that’s why I didn’t recognize her.
a) wore b) had been wearing c) would wear d) was wearing
2. My friend …………………. application letters for two months when the manager finally
accepted him to work in his company
a) had been sending b) was sending c) sent d) has been sending
3. Hardly………….. the house when we heard that a burglar had come in.
a) did we leave b) we had left c) had we left d) we were leaving
4. While parents were working in the garden, the children…………………….computer games.
a) played b) were playing c) had been playing d) play
5. ‘’Did you see Mark?’’ ‘’No, he ……………..by the time I came home’’
a) left b) was leaving c) had been leaving d) had left
6. I found out her secret after she …………………me about the events.
a) had told b) told c) has told d) was telling
7. How long ago …………………you at the seaside?
a) was b) were c) had been d) has been
8. What ………………….when I entered the room?
a) did you b) are you doing c) were you doing d) have you done
9. Alice …………….an email to her friends two days ago to invite them at her birthday party.
a) had written b) wrote c) was writing d) had been writing
10. I ……………….in the morning by the time my sister woke up.
a) had already jogged b) was already jogging
c) already jogged d) will have already jogged
II. Fill in with Past Simple or Present Perfect Simple

1. Yesterday I ………………..(to see) ‘’Pride and Prejudice”, although I …………….(to see) it
three times.
2. What ………………….(to happen)to you lately? Last time when we ………………….(to meet)
you ……………………(to seem) worried about something.
3. Agatha Christie ……………….(to write) her novel entitled ‘’Death on the Nile’’ when she
……………..(to visit) Egypt in 1930.
4. “Why are you so worried?” “I ………………..(just/ hear) some bad news about my nephew.”

51
5. When they ……………….. (to be) colleagues at university, they ………………(to decide) to
study together for exams.
6. My mother………….(to have) a terrible headache for an hour. She is still suffering from it.
7. It’s the first time we ………………. (to fly).We ………………..(never/use) this means of
transport because we are afraid of heights.
8. It …………. (to be discovered) that tuberculosis death rate has got lower due to the vaccine.
9. I am jealous of Mark as he ………………… (to visit) London many times, while I ………………..
(never / be) there.
10. Our parents ………….. (to get) married 50 years ago. They ……………….. (just/ celebrate)
their golden anniversary.
III. Use these pairs of verbs to make sentences. Use Past Tense Simple, Past
Perfect Simple and Past Perfect Continuous. You should also use the following
time expressions: before, after, as soon as, when, by, by the time.
1. write /send 6. clean the house for…./have
2. bake/eat 7. reach /leave
3. receive/ thank 8.return home/start
4. walk for many hours / reach 9. say good bye / spend
5. go out / do 10.have dinner /arrive
IV. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence. Use Past Forms. Do not change the word given.
1. Alice hasn’t seen her parents for a long time. (time)
………………………………………………………………..
2. It was the first time she had sung in a competition. (never)
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. Monica waited for her children to fall asleep and after that she went to the concert. (before)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The plane landed much later than we expected. (hadn’t)
…………………………………………………………………………………..
5. They went to the cinema after finishing their duties. (after)
………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Soon after his girlfriend’s departure, John realized he had been deeply in love with her.
(no sooner)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….

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7. My mother never complained about her housework. (at no time)

………………………………………………………………………
8. They came to Iraq in 1995 and three years later some military raids started. (for)
…………………………………………………………………………
9. We had been in front of the supermarket for half an hour when Nick finally showed up.
(waiting)
…………………………………………………………………………..
10. When they arrived at the hotel, they found out that their rooms had been booked by
somebody else. (by the time)
……………………………………………………………….

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B_1_ GRAMMAR_WORKSHEET_5_MODAL_VERBS
I. Choose the correct item.

1. I ______ see you, it's too dark in this library.
a) can't c) don't have to
b) can d) mustn't
2. We had a fantastic room in the hotel. We _____ see the ocean.
a) could c) may
b) can d) must
3. I was using my tablet a minute ago. It ______ be here somewhere!
a) could c) would
b) must d) can
4. Whose is this glove? - I don’t know, but it ______ belong to Daria.
a) should c) must
b) may d) will
5. I _______ talk already before I was two years old.
a) can c) could
b) couldn't d) may
6. I’m so hungry. I ______ eat a whole chicken!
a) could c) must
b) can d) should
7. He's amazing, he _____ speak six languages, including Japanese.
a) could c) can
b) may d) must
8. We have a lot of gardening to do. You _____ be late.
a) won't c) can't
b) shouldn't d) mustn't
9. It's an unusual story, but it _____ be true!
a) could c) mustn't
b) might d) can't
10. You can't turn right here, you ________ turn left.
a) have to c) should be
b) mustn't d) can to

54
II. Choose the correct item.

1. The book is optional. My professor said we could read it if we needed extra credit. But
we_______________ read it if we don't want to.
a) don't have to c) cannot
b) must not d) couldn’t
2. You______________ worry so much. It doesn't do you any good. Either you get the
job, or you don't. If you don't, just apply for another one. Eventually, you will find work.
a) don't have to c) shouldn't
b) can't d) will not
3. Terry and Frank said they would leave for the conference right after work, so
they_____________ be there by 6:00.
a) have to c) can
b) should d) ought
4. You____________ forget to pay the rent tomorrow. The landlord is very strict about
paying on time.
a) don't have to c) mustn't
b) couldn't d) shall not
5. You _________ smoke near the school premises.
a) have to c) shouldn't
b) may d) couldn't
6. The passengers _________wear their seatbelts at all times during the ride.
a) could c) ought
b) must d) may
7. We _________ go to the concert if the rain stops. We don't know for sure.
a) mustn't c) wouldn't
b) might have to d) may
8. My niece _________ ice skate very well.
a) can c) must
b) may d) should
9. The students _________wake up earlier than 7:30 am. They have class at 8:00 am.
a) would c) could
b) can't d) have to
10. The rock band _________play very well last year. Now they are much better.
a) must c) can
b) couldn't d) would

55

1. A: Should I study more on French grammar?
B: No, you _____. You know it very well already.
a) should c) can
b) shouldn't d) can't
2. A: My child is four. Do I have to buy him a ticket?
B: Yes, you _____. It costs half the price of an adult ticket.
a) can c) must
b) do d) should
3. There's a sign that prohibits diving in the pool, so you ____ not do it!
a) must c) can
b) have to d) should
4. You _________ believe everything you read on the internet.
a) should c) must
b) shouldn't d) can
5. You missed a great concert the day before yesterday. You _______ have come!
a) should c) can
b) must d) shouldn't
6. Kate ______ ski very well, she is a great skier.
a) should c) mustn't
b) can d) can't
7. You _______ wash the dishes in cold water.
a) can c) must
b) don't have to d) shouldn't
8. She _______ play the violin. She is a gifted musician.
a) cannot c) mustn't
b) can d) can't
9. _______ you like me to help you with your luggage?
a) should c) could
b) would d) must
10. You ______ play football here. It's forbidden.
a) must c) don't have to
b) mustn't d) can

56
IV. Choose the correct item.

1. Students ___________ be late for university lectures.
a) mustn't c) doesn't have to
b) don't have to d) needn’t
2. We ____________ hurry – there’s lots of time.
a) need c) don't have to
b) can’t d) should
3. You __________ to wear your coat today. It's a very cold winter evening.
a) needn't c) have
b) ought to d) have to
4. My cousin ___________ check his mobile phone when he is studying.
a) don't have to c) shouldn't
b) have to d) has to
5. I ______________ practice my cello every day to improve.
a) have to c) mustn't
b) must d) don't has to
6. Ariana __________ to have her hair cut. I think it is really long.
a) have c) ought
b) has d) should
7. You ___________ get up early tomorrow. The meeting starts at 8 am.
a) must c) don't have to
b) have to d) doesn't have to
8. Their parents _____________ call a baby sitter. I will take care of the children.
a) have to c) must
b) needn't d) should to
9. I ___________ leave early tomorrow or I'll miss the train to Madrid.
a) shouldn't c) must
b) have to d) ought to
10. All visitors ____________ wear an ID card. They need it to enter the laboratory.
a) has to c) have to
b) don't have to d) should

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B_1_ GRAMMAR_WORKSHEET_6_CONDITIONALS
I. Choose the correct item:

1. Angus: Hi Sami. The Biology exam is next week. Do you know that?
Sami: Yeah, I know. If I study hard, I __________ the exam.
a) will pass c) will study
b) will get d) will go
2. Bayu: If I _______the university, I will choose Spanish major.
Edward: That's good. I will work if I have graduated from this school
a) enter c) enrolled
b) escape d) leave
3. Dan: Look! The train is coming.
Samuel: If we _____, we will miss the train
a) don't leave early c) don't get the hat
b) don't study hard d) don't wake up late
4. Sandi: Today it's a sunny day so I don't need an umbrella.
Sarah: Of course. But if it rains, you _______ wet.
a) will get c) will gotten
b) will got d) will went
5. Haris: Has James invited you to his birthday party next Sunday?
Daiana: Yes. If I come, I _____ you.
a) will tell c) will accept
b) will invite d) will register
6. Ken: You look so pale. What happened to you?
Betty: I slept late because I had a lot of work to do last night.
Ken: You will feel better if you ___________ enough.
a) slept c) had slept
b) sleep d) will sleep
7. Johan: Have you seen Mark?
Alice: No, I haven’t. He is absent today because he is ill. What's up?
Johan: Oh ...If I _____________ him, I will explain everything.
a) see c) seen
b) saw d) have seen
8. Ines: You look so serious. Are you doing an online test?

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Anisia: Yes. If I do this quiz, I ____ my English.

a) don’t improve c) will have improved
b) will improve d) improved
9. Simon will fly to London next week if he ... (get) a cheap flight.
a) got c) gets
b) will get d) would get
10. Adam: Stop....What are you doing Andi?
Andi: I am going to pour this oil into the river.
Adam: If you pour oil in the water, it _____.
a) will float c) should float
b) floats d) would float
II. Choose the correct item:

1. “What are you going to do tomorrow?”
“If it _____ tomorrow, I think I’ll try a new home activity.”
a) will rain c) rained
b) had rained d) rains
2. If your exam results are satisfactory, I___ you permission to use my car.
a) will give c) wouldn't give
b) will not give d) gave
3. Ines: The road is so crowded. Many drivers don't obey the traffic rules.
Jamie: If everyone _____ the traffic rules, the road would not be so crowded.
a) obey c) would obey
b) obeyed d) will obey
4. Laura: If you _____more you would understand it better.
Rio: Yes, you are right.
a) practiced c) practice
b) would practice d) will practice
5. If the tube had not been late, we ______to the office.
a) walk c) would not have walked
b) will not walk d) didn’t walk
6. She ________if she has a new idea for our design.
a) calls c) will call
b) would call d) called

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7. If I ________ angry with you, I would not invite you to my party.

a) don’t be c) am
b) were d) will be
8. If you had driven more carefully, you ___________so many accidents.
a) would not have c) wouldn’t have had
b) will not have d) don’t have
9. I would have bought the tickets if you ____on a holiday place.
a) had not decided c) had decided
b) would decide d) decided
10. Had you left that wasp hive alone, it _______you.
a) would have stung c) wouldn’t have stung
b) wouldn’t sting d) would sting
III. Choose the correct item:

1. What ________if you found a burglar in your holiday house?
a) will you do c) would you do
b) do you do d) did you do
2. Ice ________into water unless you heat it.
a) don’t turn c) would not turn
b) doesn’t turn d) will have turned
3. Unless he _________more medical supplies, he won’t get much commission.
a) sell c) doesn’t sell
b) sells d) didn’t sell
4. You would gain more experience if you _____in this domain.
a) will work c) worked
b) have worked d) work
5. I wouldn’t have believed it if I _________it with my own eyes.
a) not to see c) don’t see
b) didn’t see d) hadn’t seen
6. If you had seen the film The Avatar, you ________it.
a) will enjoy c) would enjoy
b) would have enjoyed d) enjoyed
7. She would have gone to the university if her parents ____her.
a) would support b) will support

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c) support d) had supported

8. What would the boss do if Patrick ____ tomorrow?
a) resigned c) resigns
b) will resign d) to resign
9. If he had been absent yesterday, ________today off?
a) could he have c) can he has
b) can he have d) does he have
10. If you ________ a wallet full of money, would you return it to its owner?
a) found c) had founded
b) founded d) find
IV. Use the correct tense in the next conditionals:

1. If I make a speech next Saturday, I_____ quite nervous. (BE)
2. If I hadn’t been sleeping, I ______ the thunder. (HEAR)
3. Your dog would not be so fat if you ________ it so often. (NOT FEED)
4. If her hair were reddish, she _______ completely different. (LOOK)
5. Their cameras will work well if they _____ new batteries. (PUT)
6. If the cruise is so expensive, we _____ reservations for another one. (MAKE)
7. If you ______ the oven on time, the food will not burn again. (STOP)
8. I _____ her faster if you gave me enough information. (FIND)
9. The workers ______ the resort if they had had enough tools. (BUILD)
10. If he______ much time, he would have his own family. (NOT WASTE)

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B_1_ GRAMMAR_WORKSHEET_6_REPORTED_SPEECH
I. Change the direct speech into reported speech. Use 'she said' at the beginning
of each answer.
1) "Alice draws beautifully”.
…………………….
2) "He ran faster than all the other contestants.
…………………….
3) "I’m picking some oranges from my orange tree!"
……………………..
4) "The manufacturers were producing scented candles."
…………………….
5) "My husband has never sharpened this knife."
…………………………
6) "I have been translating this poem for an hour.”
…………………………..
7) "Astrid will renew her license next week."
………………………………
8) "She had spent much money on shoes before she met me."
…………………………………..
9) "I have green eyes and fair hair."
……………………………..
10) "He will not attend the literature seminar."
………………………………….
II. Make reported requests or orders. Start each sentence with 'she asked me'
or 'she told me' or ‘she suggested’.
1) "Please, attend the conference!"
………………………………….
2) "Please, don’t cut down the oak tree."
………………………………….
3) "Let’s try a new delicious recipe!"
………………………………….
4) "You’d better do the test again!"

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………………………………….
5) "Could you bring the book tonight?"
………………………………….
6) "Health should be important for all of us!"
………………………………….
7) "Dye your hair in a natural shade!"
………………………………….
8) "Could you lend me your sleeveless silk dress please?"
………………………………….
9) "Would you mind vacuuming your bedroom?"
………………………………….
10) "Don’t judge people all the time!"
………………………………….
III. Report the following sentences.

1. The teacher explained to us, "Wien is the capital of Austria."
The teacher explained to us that ____________________.
2. Dad warned us, "Don't dive into the ocean!"
Dad warned us ______________________________.
3. Daria complained, "I have been climbing up the mountain all day!"
Daria complained _____________________________.
4. Mary said, “I will build a pool tomorrow.”
Mary informed me that _________________________.
5. Judy complained, “I have already corrected this essay four times.”
Judy complained that ____________________________.
6. They announced, “The quarantine will last for two months.”
They announced that _____________________________.
7. I advised Mike, “You should take swimming classes”.
I advised Mike _______________________________.
8. The landlady said to the student, “You must repaint your room!”
The landlady said to the student ___________________.
9. Mom said, “I need to rest for a while this morning.”
Mom said ___________________________________.
10. He wondered, “What birthday present did Andrew receive?”

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He wondered _____________________________.
IV. Report the next sentences:

1. "Don't wear this miniskirt!"
………………………………….
2. "I'm having an exam tomorrow."
………………………………….
3. "Please get me fresh yogurt!"
………………………………….
4. "The zoologist travelled to Africa last year."
………………………………….
5. "Could you explain his reaction, please?"
………………………………….
6. "Where do you spend your winter holiday?"
………………………………….
7. "I'll taste Indian dishes."
………………………………….
8. "I have lost a few kilos lately."
………………………………….
9. "Could you dust the furniture?"
………………………………….
10. "I hate mushrooms."
………………………………….

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B_1_ GRAMMAR_WORKSHEET_7_MIXED_STRUCTURES
I. Identify the use of each modal structure of the following sentences.

1. Visitors weren’t allowed to take pictures during the renovation of the church.
2. You should have thrown all these dangerous substances.
3. My godmother will turn 90 years old tomorrow.
4. She has not been living here for six months. The house must be empty.
5. Shall I introduce you to the new committee?
6. This airline company doesn’t have to employ more staff.
7. I had to wear glasses when I was thirty.
8. Would you like me to help you move out?
9. You could have shared the news with me.
10. We invited her to the wedding but she wouldn’t come.
II. Choose the right answer.

1. Ann said, "Robert's dad has visited New York last year."
a) Ann said that Robert's dad had visited New York the previous year.
b) Ann said that Robert's dad had had visited New York last year.
c) Ann said that Robert's dad visited New York last year.
d) Ann said that R0bert's dad has been visiting New York the previous year.
2. Katie's aunt said, "I will teach you Japanese next year, Katie."
a) Katie's aunt told Katie that she would teach her Japanese next year.
b) Katie's aunt permitted that she would teach Katie Japanese the year after.
c) Katie's aunt promised that she will teach Katie Japanese that year.
d) Katie's aunt promised that she would teach her Japanese the following year.
3. The baker said to me, "What is her name?"
a) The baker asked what her name was.
b) The baker asked what her name is.
c) The baker asked what her name had been.
d) The baker asked what was her name.
4. "What cake do you make?" Frank said to Lena.
a) Frank asked Lena what cake she had made.
b) Frank asked Lena what cake she makes.
c) Frank asked Lena what cake she has made.

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d) Frank asked Lena what cake she made.
5. Eden said, "I paid Jennifer last week but she forgot."
a) Eden said that she paid Jennifer last week but she forgot.
b) Eden said that she had paid Jennifer the week before but she had forgotten.
c) Eden said that she had paid Jennifer the previous week but she had been forgotten.
d) Eden said that she paid Jennifer last week but she has forgotten.
6. Peter said, "Don't worry, I will remove it."
a) Peter told me don't worry and he will remove it.
b) Peter told me don't worry and that he would remove it.
c) Peter told me to not worry and that he removed it.
d) Peter told me not to worry he would remove it.
7. "Let's go to the harbour and take photos this weekend," Mary said to me.
a) Mary suggested us to go to the harbour and take photos that weekend.
b) Mary suggested us going to the harbour and take photos that weekend.
c) Mary suggested we go to the harbour and take photos this weekend.
d) Mary suggested going to the harbour and taking photos that weekend.
8. Zoe said to Gill, "When can we watch cartoons?"
a) Zoe asked Gill when can we watch cartoons.
b) Zoe asked Gill when could we watch cartoons.
c) Zoe asked Gill when they could watch cartoons.
d) Zoe asked Gill when could they watched cartoons.
9. Ivy said to me, "Do you know when your favourite band is having a concert in Paris?"
a) Ivy asked me did I know when my favourite band has a concert in Paris.
b) Ivy asked me if I knew when my favourite band had a concert in Paris.
c) Ivy asked me whether I knew when my favourite band was having a concert in Paris.
d) Ivy asked me if I know when my favourite band will have a concert in Paris.
10. Jo said to Tom, "How is Karen training? I haven't seen her in weeks!"
a) Jo asked Tom how Karen was training and that she hadn't seen her in weeks.
b) Jo asked Tom how Karen was training and that she haven't seen her in weeks.
c) Jo asked Tom how was Karen training and that she didn't see her in weeks.
d) Jo asked Tom how was Karen training and that she hadn't seen her in weeks.

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III. Choose the correct answer:

1. The doctor said to Miss Lily, "Take your cough syrup regularly."
a) The doctor advise Miss Lily to take her cough syrup regularly.
b) The doctor advised Miss Lily took her cough syrup regularly.
c) The doctor advised Miss Lily to take her cough syrup regularly.
d) The doctor advises Miss Lily to take her cough syrup regularly.
2. I said to my sister, "Have you lost weight yet?"
a) I asked my sister has she lost weight yet.
b) I asked my sister if she had lost weight yet.
c) I asked my sister whether she had had lost weight yet.
d) I asked my sister if had she lost weight yet.
3. Victor: (to Kelly) I'm sorry. I didn't mean to yell at you. Please, please don't cry.
Victor ________ yelling at Kelly and __________ her not to cry.
a) ... complained about ... asked
b) ... admitted to ... asked
c) ... apologised at ... begged
d) ... apologised for ... begged
4. Jade: (to Kelly, her best friend) Do you want to come over? Let's make a cheese pie.
Jade ____________ Kelly to come over and ____________ making a cheese pie.
a) ... invited ... suggested
b) ... invited ... insisted on
c) ... asked ... suggest
d) ... asked ... suggested that
5. Jill: (to Kate) I always try to tell Victor what I think, but he never listens to me.
Jill told Kate that she always __________ to tell Victor what she thinks. She
_____________ Victor never listens to her.
a) ... tried ... complained that
b) ... tried ... complained
c) ... tries ... complained that
d) ... tries ... complained
6. Tim asked Chris “Shall we play basketball on Friday?”
a) Tim asked Chris whether they should play basketball on Friday.
b) Tim asked Chris whether should they play basketball on Friday.
c) Tim asked Chris if they will play basketball on Friday.

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d) Tim asked Chris if they are playing basketball on Friday.

7. "How long will it take you to finish the drawing?" Chloe asked.
a) Chloe asked how long it would take me to finish the drawing.
b) Chloe asked how long would it take me to finish the drawing.
c) Chloe asked how long it took me to finish the drawing.
d) Chloe asked how long it had taken me to finish the drawing.
8. Rachel asked, "Why are they mowing the lawn now?"
a) Rachel asked why were they mowing the lawn now.
b) Rachel asked why we mowed the lawn then.
c) Rachel asked why they were mowing the lawn then.
d) Rachel asked why we are mowing the lawn now.
9. "Don't worry about it" the instructor told me.
a) He told me to worry not.
b) He told me to not worry about it.
c) He told me not to worry about it.
d) He told me do not worry about that.
10. "I don't like fatty foods." my desk mate said.
a) He said that he doesn't like fatty foods.
b) He said he don't like fatty foods.
c) He said that he didn't like fatty foods.
d) He said he hadn't liked fatty foods.
IV. Complete the Conditional Sentences with the correct form (Type I, II or III).
1. If I _______ stronger, I'd help you carry the new wardrobe.
2. If our old flat had been more spacious, we ______ it.
3. If you _____ more creative, you will win the drawing competition.
4. He would have repaired the tap himself last night if he _______ the proper tools.
5. If you drop the crystal glass, it ___________ .
6. If I hadn't learnt all the topics, I ____________ such a good grade.
7. I wouldn't go to work by tube if I ___________ a driving license.
8. If she ____________ him every day, she'd be lovesick.
9. I ____________ this lovely house if the price is convenient for me.
10. We'd be stupid if we ____________ mother about the surprise party.

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B_1_GRAMMAR_WORKSHEET_8_MIXED_STRUCTURES
Task 1. Complete the following sentences with your own words. Pay attention
to the grammatical structures.
1. If you had asked for ……………………………………………..
2. Hardly had……………………………………………………………
3. Mary confessed that ……………………………………………..
4. Angela has bought …………………………………………………
5. Never have………………………………………………….............
6. Unless the rain stops…………………………………………….
7. He promised …………………………………………………………..
8. Jessica hasn’t ………………………………………………………….
9. If I were you…………………………………………………………….
10. Tom used to ……………………………………………………………..
II. Choose the correct answer

1. This masterpiece by Picasso ……………………..at an important auction for 2 million dollars.
a) has sold b) has been sold c) had been sold d) was selling
2. The Netherlands …………………….worth visiting at least once a year.
a) is b) have been c) are d) was
3. How many ………………………….do you need to solve the case?
a) pieces of information b) information c) informations d) piece of information
4. When I………….mature enough to drive, I will buy my own car.
a) will be b) be c) am d) have been
5. By the time the children got home, lunch………………… already ready.
a) is b) was c) had been d) will be
6. The customers will leave the restaurant as soon as they…………….the bill.
a) will pay b) paid c) are paying d) have paid
7. The policeman asked me where I………and how old I …………………
a) am living/am b) lived/was c) do you live /be d) have lived/have been
8. But for Mary’s help, I …………………………..in passing the summer exams.
a) would succeed b) would succeeded c) will succeed d) wouldn’t have succeeded
9. Let’s drink a glass of champagne to celebrate our victory, ……………….?
a) shall we? b) do we? c) shan’t we? d) will we?

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10. Look at the sky! It is cloudy! It………………

a) will rain b) is going to rain c) will be raining d) rains
III. Correct the mistakes if it is necessary.

1. My father has tried to fix the radio all morning and he hasn’t repaired it yet.
2. If only he had worked harder to get a higher mark. Now, he would have been a
student.
3. They enjoyed them on the trip last weekend.
4. Neither father nor mother didn’t understand what I was saying.
5. Tom was a lazy boy, but his teachers made him to study hard.
6. The man who lives across the street is a fireman.
7. Unless you don’t tell me your problem, I can’t help you.
8. I wish I were abroad visiting interesting places.
9. I made the cake all by me. I wasn’t helped by nobody.
10. It is getting warmer and warmer. Summer is coming.
IV. Match the sentences in A with the sentences in B

A B
1.If you don’t have your ID card, a) it started raining cats and dogs.
2.Tom and Alice could have been together b) if you had expected me to support you.
3.After they had watched a movie, c) she would go on a trip to France if she
learnt the language.
4. As soon as everything is ok with my d) all her plans for studying abroad will
parents, fail.
5.One day, while I was waiting for the bus, e) his parents had already bought him a
car.
6.The baby-sitter said that f) I will come back to my job.
7.Lucy’s parents promised her that g) my friends went to a party and had a
great time.
8. Unless Jane is more serious about her h) my little girl had been crying for 10
future, minutes that day.
9.By the time John returned from England i) if it hadn’t been for his parents’ attitude.
10.You should have told me earlier about j) you will not be allowed to cross the
this situation border.

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B_1_WORKSHEET_9_MIXED_GRAMMAR
I. Write the plural of.

1. LUNCH 6. HALO
2. GAS 7. VOLCANO
3. BLITZ 8. POPPY
4. MARSH 9. RAY
5. CHEF 10. FAX
II. Place the words in the correct order.

1. They live in a large/ wooden / superb cottage right in the middle of a traditional
village.
2. My mother bought a really flowered / beautiful / ceramic vase a few days ago.
3. They are looking for some silver / classic/ precious coffee table.
4. I received a gold /luxurious/antique necklace from my grandma.
5. The child has red / shiny / new shoes.
6. We tasted some traditional / delicious / Chinese food on our holiday.
7. Jim has just rented a modern/ fast/ black car.
8. She has some old/French/ lovely paintings in her home.
9. Brenda is wearing a velvet/brand new/wonderful dress.
10. Father has just repaired the square/ white / old-fashioned trunk.
III. Complete the sentences with the right compounds of SOME, ANY, NO,
EVERY.
1. Would you like _______________ to drink?
2. I’m very busy this weekend, so I can't go ____________ .
3. ______________ is closed in the city at this late hour.
4. ______________ can help you in this difficult situation. You are on your own.
5. I feel so lonely. I'd really need _____________ to talk to.
6. They don't have__________ close to them to count on.
7. I often dream that I am ___________ in the middle of the nature, surrounded by
shady green trees and magnificent flowers.
8. __________ I wish for is a happy and beautiful family.

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9. __________ can see in the future. It is totally unpredictable.

10. ___________ makes me happier than the smile of a small child.
IV. Choose the correct item to fill in the gaps: TOO / ENOUGH
1. There are _______ many people in the shop. I guess I should come back later.
2. I don't have ________ patience to wait for the bus. I think I will walk home.
3. She is smart ________ to take advantage of this situation.
4. I’m afraid I’m ________ late for the conference.
5. His sister is ________ young to understand life.
6. It is not _________ to apologize when you make a mistake.
7. It is _______ difficult to find a new job nowadays.
8. I am old ________ to make my own decisions.
9. We have ________ knowledge to pass the exam.
10. There isn't ________ much luggage to take with us.

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READING

73
B_1_READING_1
THE EGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS
Built during a time when Egypt was one of the

richest and most powerful civilizations in the world,
the pyramids—especially the Great Pyramids of Giza—
are some of the most magnificent man-made
structures in history. (1) … More than 4,000 years
later, the Egyptian pyramids still retain much of their
majesty, providing a glimpse into the country’s rich
and glorious past.
During the third and fourth dynasties of the Old Kingdom, Egypt enjoyed
tremendous economic prosperity and stability. Kings held a unique position in
Egyptian society. Somewhere in between human and divine, they were believed to
have been chosen by the gods themselves to serve as their mediators on earth.
Ancient Egyptians believed that when the king died, part of his spirit (know n
as “ka”) remained with his body. (2) … Their riches would provide not only for
him, but also for the relatives, officials and priests who were buried near him.
No pyramids are more celebrated than the Great Pyramids of Giza, located on a
plateau on the west bank of the Nile
River, on the outskirts of modern-day
Cairo. The oldest and largest of the
three pyramids at Giza, known as
the Great Pyramid, is the only
surviving structure out of the
famed Seven Wonders of the Ancient
World. (3) … Though Khufu reigned
for 23 years (2589-2566 B.C.),
relatively little is known of his reign beyond the grandeur of his pyramid. The sides
of the pyramid’s base average 755.75 feet (230 meters), and its original height was
481.4 feet (147 meters), making it the largest pyr amid in the world. Like other
pyramids, Khufu’s is surrounded by rows of mastabas, where relatives or officials
of the king were buried to accompany and support him in the afterlife.

74
Though some popular versions of history held that the pyramids were buil t
by slaves or foreigners forced into labor, skeletons excavated from the area show
that the workers were probably native Egyptian agricultural laborers who worked
on the pyramids during the time of year when the Nile River flooded much of the
land nearby. (4) … Later, archaeological evidence suggests that the workforce
might actually have been around 20,000men.
Today, stripped of most of their smooth white limestone coverings, the Great
Pyramids no longer reach their original heights. (5) …
(https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/the-egyptian-pyramids )
Task 1. Read the article about the Egyptian Pyramids. Five fragments have been
removed from the text. From the fragment A- E, choose the one which fits best.
A. The ancient Greek, historian Herodotus wrote that it took 20 years to build
and required the labour of 100,000 men.
B. It was built for Pharaoh Khufu (Cheops, in Greek), Sneferu’s successor and
the second of the eight kings of the fourth dynasty.
C. Their massive scale reflects the unique role that the pharaoh or king played
in ancient Egyptian society.
D. Nonetheless, millions of people continue to visit the pyramids each year,
drawn by their towering grandeur and the enduring allure of Egypt’s rich and
glorious past.
E. The pyramids became the focus of a cult of the dead king that was supposed
to continue well after his death.
Task 2. Read the text again and say if the following sentences are true or
false.
1. Egypt enjoyed a great economic prosperity during the first and second
dynasties of the Early Kingdom.
2. The Great Pyramid is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids at G iza.
3. Khufu’s pyramid was surrounded by desert.
4. Herodotus wrote that the building of the Great Pyramid required the labour
of 20,000 men.
5. Today, the pyramid lacks its white limestone coverings.

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B_1_READING_2
DAVID COPPERFIELD
(Adapted from Charles Dickens)
CHAPTER 13. THE SEQUEL OF MY RESOLUTION

(For a whole week David walked to the town of Dover.)
At last, after I had walked for a whole day, I saw some houses in front of me. I went
into a little shop and asked if they knew where Miss Trotwood lived. A young woman, who
was buying something at that moment, turned round quickly.
“My mistress?” she said. She asked me what I wanted with her mistress.
I answered that I wanted to speak to Miss Trotwood. Taking her little basket, the
young woman walked out of the shop and told me to follow her. She said she would show me
where Miss Trotwood lived.
I followed the young woman. I was so tired and hungry that my legs shook under me.
Soon we came to a pretty little cottage with a small garden full of flowers in front of it.
The young woman said that it was Miss Trotwood’s
house. She hurried into the cottage and left me standing
at the garden gate.
My shoes were by this time in a woeful condition. My
shirt and trousers, stained with heat, dew, grass, and the
Kentish soil on which I had slept, might have frightened
the birds from my aunt’s garden, as I stood at the gate.
My hair had known no comb or brush since I left
London. My face, neck and hands, from the exposure to
the air and sun, were burnt to a berry-brown. From head
to foot I was powdered almost as white with chalk and
dust. Under these circumstances, I was waiting to
introduce myself to, and make my first impression on
my formidable aunt.
“Go away!” said Miss Betsey, shaking her head, and
making a distant chop in the air with her knife. “Go along! No boys here!”
I watched her, with my heart at my lips then, with a great deal of desperation, I went softly
in and stood beside her, touching her with my finger.

76
“If you please, ma’am,” I began.

She started and looked up.
“If you please, aunt.”
“Eh?” exclaimed Miss Betsey, in a tone of amazement I have never heard.
“If you please, aunt, I am your nephew.”
“Oh, Lord!” said my aunt. And she sat down in the garden path. I began to tell her that I was
David Copperfield, that I had been very unhappy since my mother died, that nobody had
taught me anything all this time, that my stepfather had been very unkind to me and had
sent me to work. I said that all these things had made me run away to her because I hope she
would protect me. Here I burst into tears.
While I was talking, my aunt sat on the ground, looking at me in great surprise till I
began to cry. Then she got up in a great hurry and took me into her house, repeating “Oh,
Lord!” every moment.
(https://charlesdickensbooks.com/chapter-13-the-sequel-of-my-resolution/7/)
Task 1. Read the text and answer the following questions
1) When did David reach Dover?

2) How did David find his aunt’s house?
3) What did David look like?
4) Why was Miss Trotwood surprised when David started to speak to her?
5) What did David tell her?
Task 2. Put the events in the correct chronological order.
a) He had an interesting conversation with Miss Trotwood.

b) David reached Dover and asked about his aunt in a little shop.
c) His aunt took him into the house.
d) Miss Trotwood’s handmaid showed David his aunt’s house.
e) At first, his aunt rejected him because she didn’t like the boys.
a b c d e

77
B_1_READING_3
SAVE OUR PLANET!
Deforestation, in simple terms, means the felling and clearing of forest cover
or tree plantations in order to accommodate agricultural, industrial or urban
use. Agricultural activities are one of the major factors affecting
deforestation. Due to overgrowing demand for food products, huge amount
of trees are fell down to grow crops and for cattle grazing. Overpopulation affects forest
covers, as with the expansion of cities more land is needed to establish housing and
settlements. Another example would be forest blazes. Hundreds of trees are lost each year
due to forest fires in various portions of the
world. This happens due to extreme warm
summers and milder winters.
Some predictions state that the rainforests of
the world will be destroyed completely if
deforestation continues at its current pace.
Trees play a major role in controlling global
warming. The trees utilize the greenhouse gases, restoring the balance in the atmosphere.
With constant deforestation the ratio of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has increased,
adding to our global warming woes.
When the trees are cut down, the flow of water is disrupted and leads to floods in some areas
and droughts in others. The best solution to deforestation is to curb the felling of trees, by
employing a series of rules and laws to govern it. Also the cutting must be replaced by
planting young trees to replace the older ones that were cut.
(https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/greenhouseeffect.php)
The ‘greenhouse effect’ is an atmospheric heating phenomenon in which the Earth

experiences rise in temperature because certain gases (water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous
oxide, and methane) in the atmosphere allow incoming sunlight to pass through but trap
heat radiated from the earth’s surface. CO2 is one the gases primarily responsible for the
greenhouse effect. Waste material produced from factories and industries which
contain toxic substances is dumped in the open air which produce harmful gases. Burning
fossil fuels, therefore, is directly contributing to the greenhouse effect. Unfortunately,

78
because we are cutting down so many trees every year and either not replacing them at all
or not growing enough new trees, these plants cannot help to regulate the amount of oxygen
and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This means that there is more carbon dioxide than
ever before in the air and it is contributing greatly to the greenhouse effect. With the rise in
population, the demand for fuel, oil, gas, house, transport also increases. All these problems
raises the CO2 level, which in turn increases global warming. We need the light of the sun to
survive and we need its heat to keep us warm. However, a lot of the sun’s thermal radiation
is dangerous, which is why we can sometimes
get skin cancer by staying out in the sun for
too long. Another effect is that the polar ice
caps, for instance, are starting to melt, which
does not only mean that the animals that use
them for their shelter and their food are in
danger, it also means that those humans
living on low lying land could be in trouble
when the sea levels start to rise and threaten
their livelihoods. So, “energy efficiency is the lowest-cost way to reduce emissions”. When
shopping for refrigerators, washing machines, and other appliances, look for the Energy
Star label. It will tell you which are the most efficient. Also, gas-smart cars, such as hybrids
and fully electric vehicles, save fuel and money. Americans will spend $80 billion less at the
pump each year and cut their automotive emissions by half. Choose a utility company that
generates at least half its power from wind or solar and has been certified by Green-e Energy,
an organization that vets renewable energy options.
(https://www.nrdc.org/stories/how-you-can-stop-global-warming)
https://www.nrdc.org/stories/greenhouse-effect-101#causes
Task 1. Read the text carefully and fill in the chart.

Environmental Causes Effects Solutions Your opinions
Problems

79
Task 2. Choose the best answer for the following questions.
1. Some statistics reveal that the rainforests will disappear because of deforestation.
a) yes b) no c) doesn’t say
2. Air pollution is mainly cause by deforestation and waste materials.
3. The greenhouse effect and global warming affect only the humans who live on low lying
land.
4. People should buy appliances with Energy Star labels as well as electric vehicles to save
fuel and money.
5. There are many non-governmental organizations which try to draw attention upon the
environmental problems.

80
B_1_READING_4
CHRISTMAS CARDS
The tradition of Christmas cards began in Britain in the time of Queen Victoria - over
170 years ago; it is still going well today, even if the number of cards sent each year in Britain
is a lot less than it was before the age of mobile phones, email and instant messaging.
Still a big tradition

Christmas cards are a big tradition in the English-speaking world. In 2017, people in
Britain sent and received about 900 million cards. That's an average of about twelve cards
for every person, from tiny babies to the oldest grandparents.
The number of cards that are sent around Britain causes an annual headache for the
postal service. Each year, the postal service has to take on seasonal staff to help with the
extra mail, and postal sorting offices are stretched to their maximum capacity and
sometimes beyond it.
In 1994, the service handled about 1.6 billion cards! – about 25 cards per person in
Great Britain, including children! In spite of advertisements telling people to "Post Early for
Christmas", few people get round to sending off their cards before December 10th; and from
that point on, the postal service slows down.
Until the age of faxes, emails and social media, the pre-Christmas period often caused
a lot of problems for firms and industry, as "urgent" letters and documents took several days
to reach their destination by post, slowed down by the mass of Christmas mail!
Christmas cards are an important part of the celebrations, and virtually any British
home one goes into around Christmas time is merrily decorated not just
with holly and mistletoe and paper decorations, but also with a display of Christmas cards,
received from friends, family, neighbours, employers and a variety of other people.

81
In some places, the number of Christmas cards people receive is seen as a measure of
their status among their friends and neighbours.
The first cards are usually put up on the mantelpiece above the fire in the lounge; then
as more come in, any available flat surface is put to use: bookshelves, the top of the T.V.,
window-sills, the top of any cupboard. […]
While cheap Christmas cards can be bought from any supermarket, cards have
recently become a major source of income for all sorts of charities. Many people like to feel
that they are doing something good by buying Christmas cards, and charities like Oxfam*,
W.W.F., Cancer Research and Greenpeace (to name but a few) now sell millions of cards
each Christmas.
The tradition of Christmas cards began in Britain in 1843, just after
the introduction of the first national postal service, the "penny post", which started in 1840.
Today, almost 200 years later, Christmas cards– sometimes known as New Year cards – are
a tradition all over the world, and not only in Christian countries.
And while more and more people send e-cards and Christmas selfies to their friends
and family... and even to all their "friends" on Facebook, virtual cards are not the same
as old-fashioned traditional Christmas cards.
(https://linguapress.com/intermediate/christmas-cards.htm)
Task. 1. Read the text carefully and answer the following questions.
1. When did the tradition of Christmas cards begin in Britain?
2. What kind of measure does the postal service have to take every year due to the huge
number of cards sent?
3. What is the average number of Christmas cards received by each person in Britain?
4. What do Christmas cards represent in some places?
5. Why are traditional Christmas cards considered old-fashioned?
Task 2. Read the article and mark the sentences T (true) and F (false).
1. Every person gets about 20 cards every Christmas.
2. The great number of Christmas cards people get is not regarded as a measure of their
status.
3. Every British home is decorated with holly, mistletoe and Christmas cards and paper
decorations.
4. For many British charities Christmas cards have become a major source of income.
5. The number of letters sent around Britain, represents a headache for the postal service.

82
B_1_READING_5
THE STORY OF SILICON VALLEY
It is not made of silicon; and it is not a river valley; but forgetting that, Silicon Valley
is probably the most famous valley in the world. Although it is not the place where the first
computer was built (that was Manchester, England), Silicon Valley, near San Francisco, was
the birthplace of the modern computer industry.
For this, we can say thank you to scientists at the universities in California, and to the
Hippies of the 1960's.
It was in the nineteen-sixties that American "youth culture" really began. California,
of course, already existed; but the Sixties Generation rediscovered it.
At the time there were really two different forms of youth culture; the "Beach Boy"
culture on the one hand, and the anti-establishment hippies and radical students on the
other hand; and they all dreamed of California.
For the Beach Boys, that meant southern California, where they could sing about
surfing and cars; for the Hippies and radicals, it meant San Francisco, "flower power" and
revolutionary new ideas. The campuses at Berkeley and Stanford, near San Francisco, were
hot-beds of new ideas, new technology, new culture, and new ways of living.
When they finished university, many of the best students did not look for jobs with
big companies like Ford or Exxon. Instead they wanted to be free and run their own
operations.... and stay in California, not far from San Francisco. Silicon Valley is thus a group
of small towns, including Palo Alto and San José, a few miles south of San Francisco.
The high-technology industry was already present around San Francisco. Intel had
been founded in 1968, and in the same year the first computer mouse was built at Stanford
University. In 1970, Xerox opened a research center in Palo Alto. There were also other
electronics companies, like Hewlett Packard, and Fairchild, the world's first
"semiconductor" company.
Then, in 1976, an electronics student called Steve Jobs started a small
computer company in his garage; he gave it the same name as the Beatles' record
company: Apple.
Very soon, more companies, like Seagate and Google appeared. "Silicon Valley" had
arrived. There was even a sort of primitive Internet connecting many addresses in Silicon
Valley, called the Arpanet.

83
Today, Silicon Valley is still the home of the computer industry; it is still full of high
technology, but it is not the only center for high-tech in the USA. Today here are computer
firms all over the USA.... and all over the world; but Silicon Valley still has the largest
concentration of high-tech companies and research centers.
Microsoft, the world's biggest high-tech company, is not based in Silicon Valley. It is
further north, near Seattle in the state of Washington
(https://linguapress.com/intermediate/silicon-valley.htm)
Task 1. Read the article and mark the sentences T (true) and F (false).
1. It can be understood from the text that Silicon Valley is made of silicon.
2. It is known that the birthplace of modern computer industry is Manchester, England.
3. Both “Beach Boys” and “Hippies” dreamt of California.
4. Silicon Valley consists of a group of small towns, a few miles south of San Francisco.
5. Steve Jobs, was an electronics student who started his first company in his own garage.
Task 2. Read the article and for items 1 to 5 choose the correct answer (a, b, c,
or d).
1. What really is “Silicon Valley”?
a. a famous river valley of the world.
b. a valley made of silicon.
c. a birth place for the first computer ever invented.
d. a famous place for scientists.
2. When did the youth culture really begin?
a. It first appeared in California.
b. It started in 1960.
c. This culture began in 1916.
d. It really began in campuses.
3. When the youth finished the universities:
a. they did not want to work at all
b. they all dreamed of California.
c. they did not want to conduct their own companies.
d. they wanted to run their operations.
4. Who was Steve Jobs?

84
a. a smart young student.

b. the man who founded a small computer company called Apple.
c. a teacher at Stanford university.
d. a researcher in Palo Alto.
5. In Silicon Valley we can find:
a. the highest concentration of high-tech companies and research centers.
b. poor research centers.
c. only one center for high-tech in the USA.
d. the old computer industry.

85
B_1_READING_6
BARBIE AT 50 – THE MOST FAMOUS DOLL IN THE WORLD
Task 1. Read the text below and choose the correct word or phrase for each
space.
Example:
O. A. appeared B. born C. reached D. came
Answer: A
50 years ago Barbie Millicent Roberts

first 0.………… in the world of toys. Barbie,
as everyone called her, has become the
1.………… successful toy doll in history.
2. …………. to Barbie's parents, the Mattel Company, 90% of all American girls between 3
and 10 have at least one Barbie at home.
In today's world, however, Barbie is facing an identity crisis. There are 3. ............ rivals on
the market. Bratz dolls, for example, came to life seven years ago. They look more like today's
pop stars with lots of makeup and miniskirts. Today, Bratz is a challenge for Barbie, as the
company offers a wide variety of clothing too.
It seems that Barbie has lost her appeal to older girls. "For younger girls playing with a
Barbie is much fun, 4. ………… when you get older you want something more chic and
modern," says a shop assistant in a New York toy store.
Indeed, sales have been going down over the past year, partly because of the
world's economic crisis.
Barbie still has a lot going for her. More and more doll lovers all over the globe have become
collectors. They trade Barbies or buy them on eBay. Others look 5. ………… special and rare
Barbie dolls, like Scarlett O'Hara from "Gone with the Wind".
On the international scene, Barbie remains number one. 6. ………… Matell has been selling
fewer Barbies in the United States over the past year, sales in other countries have been
going up. In January, Matell opened its first Barbie store in Shanghai, where girls can shop,
eat or even become their own fashion designer.

86
Barbie is present in the virtual world too. At Barbiegirls.com users can play games and chat
with other Barbie fans. There are Facebook groups and YouTube channels 7. ………… to one
woman-Barbie.
Barbie has changed her image many times over the past decades. Originally, she wore
blond pony tails and had bright red lips. In the 80s she changed to a more colourful neon 8.
………… .
For her 50th birthday Matell is planning some big events. Fashion designers from all over
the world have been called to make new clothes for Barbie. She is also 9. ………… to be a big
star during a New York fashion week.
How long will Barbie stay on as a celebrity in the world of toy dolls? Hard to stay, but 50
is definitely not the age to 10. ………… .
(https://www.english-online.at)
1. A. very B. less C. most. D. much

2. A. Even B. According C. Despite D. Because
3. A. much B. little C. Few D. Many
4. A. So B. And C. But D. Even
5. A. For B. After C. Out D. After
6. A. Due to B. Despite of C. In spite of D. Although
7. A. Created B. Dedicated C. Given D. Made
8. A. figure B. look C. attraction D. beauty
9. A. intended B. indicated C. scheduled D. wanted
10. A. leave B. live C. succeed D. retire
Task 2. Answer the following questions:

1. When did Barbie appear in the world of toys?
2. Who are Barbie's “parents”?
3. How many American small girls own at least one Barbie doll?
4. Why is Barbie dealing with an identity crisis? Give details.
5. For what apparent reason has Barbie become less attractive to older girls?
6. Why have sales been partly decreasing over the last past year?
7. Where do collectors trade and buy Barbie dolls? Name one famous personality that
some collectors seek.
8. What can girls do in the first Barbie doll shop opened in Shanghai?
9. Where can you play games and chat with other Barbie fans?
10. Where will Barbie appear as a big star on her 50th birthday?

87
B_1_READING_7
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE DOUBLE-DECKER BUS
The double-decker bus is an icon to the sightseeing

industry. While they are used all over the world, the
most famous is the bright red bus in London. But
how exactly did this bus become the tourist bucket
list item it is today?
Well, let’s start our journey in 1828, in the streets
of Paris.
The first double-decker was actually a two-level
horse-drawn carriage pioneered by a man named
Stanislas Baudry. Later, inspired by Baudry’s idea
(and his success), an English gentleman known as
George Shillibeer brought the ‘omnibus’ to London.
Costing originally 1 shilling to ride, Shillibeer’s bus
could hold up to 22 people.
In the 1920s, the first engine-powered version of the double-decker bus made its debut in
London society. With a growing population, there was a desperate need for more buses,
sparking competition amongst the many companies in the city. By the mid-1920s there were
about 20 different companies with buses driving all over the city. The largest of these
businesses, The London General Omnibus Company (LGOC), sought to differentiate from
their competition and painted their buses bright red. At the time, I doubt anyone could have
predicted the historical significance of choosing that one colour. In the 1930s the LGOC, like
many other companies, merged together to became part of the collective London Passenger
Transport Board.
Demand kept up until the 1950s when the most familiar model of the double deckers
emerged. The ‘Routemaster,’ was first constructed in 1956. This version had an open rear
door entrance, which was quickly removed since people thought they could jump on and off
while the bus was moving.
The main reason for their continued popularity was because the single-level buses simply
couldn’t hold enough people, and the longer accordion version couldn’t handle London’s
narrow streets. People also liked the viewing capacity and having open tops.

88
Even though the underground Tube has become many locals’ preferred method of transport,
you’ll still see plenty of double deckers around London. Other cities also heavily feature
them, such as Hong-Kong, Rome, Paris etc.
Who knows, maybe Vancouver will soon have its own double-decker buses driving along the
city’s streets.
(https://www.english-online.at )
Task 1. Read the text above and decide if the sentences are true or false:
1. The red bus is the most well-known among the double-deckers all over the world.
2. The first double-decker had one level and it was drawn by a horse.
3. George Shillibeer invented the omnibus.
4. In the late 1920s there was an average of 20 different buses driving through London.
5. LGOC made the decision to paint their buses red in order to stand out in the transport
industry.
6. Double-deckers became mainly popular for their capacity to run fast.
7. People enjoyed a ride on the double-decker for their capacity to offer large views and
open tops.
8. The first Routemaster version was a complete success.
9. Because of the Tube’s growing popularity, few double-deckers can be seen around
London.
10. The author expresses concern about the existence of double-deckers in the future.
Task 2. Match the words with their synonyms:

1. ICON 1. TO PRESENT
2. TO PIONEER 2. TO JOIN FORCES
3. TO FEATURE 3. EXCITING
4. SUCCESS 4. TO FORESEE
5. DEBUT 5. A LOT OF
6. SPARKING 6. SYMBOL
7. TO SEEK 7. TO LAUNCH
8. TO MERGE 8. FAME
9. TO PREDICT 9. TO LOOK FOR
10. PLENTY OF 10. FIRST APPEARANCE

89
WRITING

90
B_1_WRITING_TASK_1
Write a story of 100-120 words, taking into consideration the following

pictures. The images are in the correct order. Give a title to the story
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
Photos:
(https://www.google.com/search?q=sunny+day&oq=&aqs=chrome.0.35i39l8.748776j0j15
&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8)
(https://www.google.com/search?q=tornado&sxsrf=ALeKk03ZLqV_wKH6-c-
UZ5i9rPRZrol1Zw:1588799736001&source=lnms&t)
Your narrative should consist of:

1. Introduction (when, where, people involved)
2. Main Body (you develop your story, describing the events in chronological order)
3. Conclusion (consequences, people’s reactions, feelings)

91
B_1_WRITING_TASK_2
You are an English teacher and a student, Alice Brown, has sent you an email saying
that she has got an unsatisfactory mark in the English exam. She wants to retake the exam
and asks for some advice on how to improve her vocabulary. Write a letter giving advice
in 100-120 words, using an appropriate style.
Plan
Introduction: opening remarks
Main Body: give your advice (reading newspapers, watching

movies, having conversations with natives.)
Conclusion: closing remarks, some encouragements.

92
B_1_WRITING_TASK_3
Your best friend, Andrew, has invited you to spend a weekend together, in the
mountains. Write an email to him asking for more information (means of transport,
accommodation, price and other participants). Write your answer in 100-120 words in an
appropriate style.
Don’t forget to write:
From:
To:
Subject:
Sent:

93
B_1_WRITING_TASK_4
You have recently had a class debate on the upsides and the downsides of online learning
nowadays. Your teacher has asked you to write an essay giving your opinion on the following
statement:
Online learning is better and more efficient than classroom learning.
Write your essay. (120-150 words)

94
B_1_WRITING_TASK_5
You see this announcement in an English language magazine.
THE BEAUTY OF TRAVELLING

We are planning to publish a series of articles on the importance of travelling in our lives.
We would like you, the readers, to write us an article, addressing these questions:
• How important is travelling in your own life?
• Is too much emphasis placed on travelling at present?
Write your article. (120 -150 words)

95
B_1_WRITING_TASK_6
You are a student in the 12th grade thinking about what university to choose. Your English
teacher has asked you to give your opinion on the following topic:
Is it better to study to a local university, which is in your town, or to a well-

renowned university, which is located in another town/city?

96
B_1_WRITING_TASK_7
Your English teacher has asked you to write a

story.
Your story must begin with this sentence:
“The child felt happy when he saw his

mother again.”
Write your story in about 100 words.

97
B_1_WRITING_TASK_8
You have just returned from a camping trip with your school.
Write a letter to your friend telling him/her about your experience.
In your letter you should mention:
• A description of the place
• Activities you have done there.
• Your feelings and emotions
Write your letter in about 100 words.

98
B_1_WRITING_TASK_9
Describe a person who represents a ROLE MODEL to you.

In your description you must write:
• Time and place you met that person
• A short physical description
• Moral features
• The great impact he/ she had on your life
Write your description in about 120-150 words.

99
B_1_WRITING_TASK_10
Look at this image and make “A PORTRAIT OF A HAPPY FAMILY”.

In your description you should include:
• A general presentation of the place.
• Where the place might be.
• Who is in the picture.
• What the characters are doing and feeling.
• If you like this image and how you feel about it.
Write your composition in about 100 words.

100
LISTENING

101
B_1_LISTENING_1
Be Careful Who You Love

after Hank Williams Jr.
(https://youtu.be/_h-_V93mC6M )
Task 1. Listen to the song and fill in the missing words.
The old guitar 1. ……….. had run out of liquor,

So I sat down beside him and bought him a drink
Then I bought him another and finally some colour
Returned to his cheeks and he said with a 2. …………
“Son, I worked with your daddy, I knew Ernest and old Lefty
I played on the Oprey back when it was strong
But it's 3. …………you know, sometimes it gets slow
So, buy me another and I'll sing you a song.”
Be careful who you love,

For love can be untrue
Be sure she loves you, too.
“Well you like it I see, and that's real 4. ……….. to me’

‘Cause Bocephus, I wrote hundreds and some you know well
I wrote’em and sold 'em, they bought 'em and stole 'em
But paper is cheap, why they’re just 5. …….… what the heck.”
Task 2. Listen again and place the lines below in the correct order.
a) Now, I think of that writer, his name was Arthur and I often wonder
b) Keep your song, here's some money”, said “Hank Junior, bless you, sonny”
c) It's a wonder the words don't stick in his throat.
d) And throw it away for the pretty red wine.

102
e) And how many men take the gift that God gave 'em
f) Song’s a big hit, some superstar claims he wrote
Then he tried to sell me the song he'd just sung me

I told him” that song is a piece of your soul
1. Now, I think of that writer, his name was Arthur and I often wonder
And I heard him singing as I walked out the door.

Be sure she loves you, too.
Well, that was about a year ago and now, friends, wouldn't you know
2. And throw it away for the pretty red wine.
He sings it and grins, and the money rolls in
3. And how many men take the gift that God gave 'em
4. Keep your song! here's some money”, said “Hey Junior, bless you, sonny”
Just how many hit songs he sold in his time
5. It's a wonder the words don't stick in his throat.
6. Song’s a big hit, some superstar claims he wrote
Be sure she loves you too.
1-
2-
3-
4-
5-
6-

103
B_1_LISTENING_2
A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens
https://youtu.be/P9dndyni42M
Task1. Listen carefully and put the following fragments in the correct order.
Task 2. Listen carefully and fill in the missing words.
Scrooge reverently did so. It was clothed in one simple green robe, or mantle,
bordered with white fur. This garment hung so loosely on the figure that its capacious
breast was bare, as if disdaining to be warded or concealed by any artifice. Its feet,
observable beneath the ample folds of the garment, were also bare; and on its head it
wore no other covering than a holly wreath, set here and there with shining_______.
Its dark brown curls were long and free; free as its genial face, its _______eye, its open
hand, its cheery voice, its unconstrained demeanor, and its joyful air. Girded round its
middle was an antique scabbard; but no sword was in it, and the ancient sheath was
eaten up with rust.
"More than eighteen hundred," said the Ghost.

"A ___________family to provide for," muttered Scrooge.
The Ghost of Christmas Present rose.
"Spirit," said Scrooge submissively, "conduct me where you will. I went forth last night
on compulsion, and I learnt a lesson which is working now. Tonight, if you have ought
to teach me, let me profit by it."
"Touch my robe."
Scrooge did as he was told and held it fast.

104
C
"Come in!" exclaimed the Ghost. "Come in, and know me better, man."
Scrooge entered timidly, and hung his head before this Spirit. He was not the dogged
Scrooge he had been; and though the Spirit's eyes were clear and kind, he did not like to
meet them.
"I am the Ghost of Christmas Present," said the Spirit. "Look upon me."
D
Holly, mistletoe, red berries, ivy, turkeys, geese, game, poultry, brawn, meat, pigs,
sausages, oysters, pies, puddings, fruit, and punch, all ________instantly. So did the room,
the fire, the ruddy glow, the hour of night, and they stood in the city streets on Christmas
morning, where (for the weather was severe) the people made a rough, but brisk and not
unpleasant kind of music, in scraping the snow from the __________in front of their
dwellings, and from the tops of their houses, whence it was mad delight to the boys to see it
come plumping down into the road below, and splitting into artificial little snowstorms.
E
"You have never seen the like of me before!" exclaimed the Spirit.
"Never," Scrooge made answer to it.
"Have never walked forth with the younger members of my family; ___________ (for I
am very young) my elder brothers born in these later years?" ___________the Phantom.
"I don't think I have," said Scrooge. "I am afraid I have not. Have you had many brothers,
Spirit?"

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B_1_LISTENING_3
Theme Parks
https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/skills/listening/intermediate-b1-
listening/theme-parks
Task 1. Do this exercise while you listen. Are the sentences true or false?
1. The most famous theme park in the world is not Magic Kingdom at Disney World in
Florida.
2. Cedar Point in Ohio, U.S.A. is the most popular theme park in America.
3. There are not many theme parks in Asia.
4. Is the name of the new wing coaster – the Gatekeeper?
5. Lots more theme parks will close in China next year.
Task 2. Answer these questions.

1. Who is the author of the guide to theme parks around the world?
2. Is the newest attraction of the park in Florida, a roller coaster or a wing coaster?
3. What is the most important theme park in the world?
4. Are there any theme parks in Asia?
5. Is there a huge theme park in South Korea called Lotte World?

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B_1_LISTENING_4
The Weekend
https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/skills/listening/intermediate-b1-
listening/weekend
Task 1. Listen to the conversation about plans for the weekend and say if the
following sentences are true or false.
1. The speakers are going to spend the weekend at a spa centre.
2. The man says that he is going dirt boarding.
3. The man also says that he is going to go horse riding.
4. The girl says she is going to Paris for the weekend.
5. The girl is not going to see the famous statue “The Thinker”.
Task 2. Which five activities does the girl say she is going to do this weekend?
a) Visit old friends.
b) Go up the Eiffel Tower.
c) Go snowboarding.
d) Go zip-wiring.
e) Go boating along the River Seine.
f) Visit old parts of the city.
g) Buy some French paintings.
h) Go round the Louvre.
i) Go shopping.
j) Go white water rafting.

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B_1_LISTENING_5
DUBAI - A DREAM CITY
https://youtu.be/o1oZDoUE4n4
Task 1. Listen to the following presentation of Dubai city and choose the correct
item.
1. Dubai is one of the largest and most famous/fascinating/popular cities in the UAE
and one of the fastest growing cities in the world. Dubai is certainly not the
place/resort/ destination for a small budget trip. You can arrive by ship/car/train
in Dubai or by flight at Dubai International Airport. It can get you an hour or more to go
through Security Checkpoint/Immigration/Passport Control at the Airport.
2. After leaving the luggage area through Arrivals/Departures/Customs you can

withdraw some cash from the ATM. Most larger hotels offer a car/shuttle/minibus
service. Also, a fast and cheap way to get through Dubai is the bus/metro/tram. All
metro trains are regional/functional/driverless and fully automated.
3. The 2nd cabin of the train is reserved for parents/school/women and children. Taxis
are fairly convenient/costly/cheap and recommended to get around Dubai. A
personal smartphone/ tablet/money tax device is presented as a metre by unofficial
taxi drivers. A woman’s taxi has a white/ pink/ black top.
4. For trips/city tours/sightseeing, hop-on hop-off taxis are recommended. The open
roof top of the buses is quite windy, but perfect for sights/panoramas/photographs.
A ship/boat/bus tour or free entrance to landmarks/main attractions/museums
are often included in the bus tickets.
5. There is a Cultural/Leisure/Water/Park and lots of exciting attractions at the Atlantis

Hotel. The Mall of Emirates’ biggest surprise is Ski Dubai, which contains a gigantic
artificial indoor ski resort/ area/ slope. Skis and jackets/ helmets/ gloves are
provided with the ticket. You can also admire here a number of penguins, which are let
out of their enclosures/ areas/ zones a few times a day.

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Task 2. Complete the gaps with the missing words or phrases.

1. If you want to cover a typical tour of Palm Jumeirah
Island, the Burj Al Arab, have a (1)
…………………………………….. at the islands and later a
fantastic view to the downtown with the Burj Khalifa,
you can book a 20-minute flight by (2)
……………………….. .
On the other hand, you have the chance to meet (3)
……………………… in Dubai Marina. The place here is
full of skyscrapers offering shade over the (4) ………………………… area, with the long
pedestrian zone crowded with (5) ……………………………… and bars.
2. At Jumeirah Beach you can have a great view of the uprising blue water (6)
……………………………. from the Dubai Eye. Near JBR, at Skydive Dubai, you are part of a
great experience, by having dinner at (7) ……………………………… metres above the ground.
Dubai Museum represents a good starting point for the fascinating history of Dubai,
following its way from a small (8) ……………………………….. diver town to one of the world's
fastest growing and most modern cities in just a few years.
On the South side of Dubai Creek there is Dubai (9) ……………………….. market, where
shopkeepers are pushy, which is quite annoying.
3. For a cruise at night in Dubai, if you arrive early, you can get the best place on the upper
(10) …………………………….. . During the day, a desert (11) ……………………. is a popular
trip. If you want to extend your trip to Oman, you need a tourist (12)
……………………………….. . Dubai Frame has a (13) …………………………… floor at its highest,
150 meters and it is a real challenge for tourists to step there.
4. Since 2009, Burj Khalifa has been the highest building in the world, reaching (14)
………………………………. metres high. It is recommendable to get on the top during (15)
……………………………….. . Dubai Mall is considered to be a temple of variety and
(16).…………………………… It has a gigantic (17) ……………………………….. with a large
variety of marine animals.
5. In front of Dubai Mall there is a (18) ………………………… , shooting water up to 150 metres
high. The water show is accompanied by music, played through (19) …………………………..
placed around the lake, and takes place (20) ………………………….. at noon and every 3o
minutes in the evening.

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B_1_LISTENING_6
THE GLOBE, THEN AND NOW
https://youtu.be/m3VGa6Fp3zI
Task 1. Listen to the following presentation about THE GLOBE and decide if the
sentences are TRUE or FALSE
1. Some of the actors in Shakespeare's time were women.

2. The theatre was outside the city walls back in Shakespearian times.
3. Only the rich could afford to come to the theatre.
4. Acoustics has always been the most important aspect of the play.
5. The round shape of the theatre didn't include a sense of participation.

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Task 2. Answer the following questions.

1. When was The Globe originally constructed?
2. Where does the expression “The Globe" come from?
3. Why did actors play in the day during Shakespeare's time?
4. How would the audience react if they didn't like the play?
5. What was the opinion of the Church on the theatre?
6. Explain the high popularity of the groundlings.
7. Name the three elements that the stage includes.

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B_1_LISTENING_7
WATER
https://youtu.be/BCHhwxvQqxg
Task 1. Listen to the text and write “true” if the sentence is correct or “wrong”
if the sentence is incorrect:
1. Mankind doesn’t have to witness a water crisis right now.
2. All people have access to clean drinking water.
3. Women and children are mainly affected by water crisis.
4. Water outdoors is exposed to all sorts of germs.
5. Gathering water from outside is time consuming.

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1. Is it hazardous for women to walk alone long distances in order to get water home?
2. What problems do the germs in the water cause?
3. Who are the most affected by water germs?
4. Name two solutions for the water shortage everywhere.
5. How do water projects built near schools improve school life?

113
Level B2

114
VOCABULARY

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B_2_VOCABULARY_WORKSHEET_1
I. Use the word given in capitals at the end of the line to form a word that fits
the space.
1. It was an excellent book despite the rather ________________ design. ATTRACTIVE
2. We were ____________________ impressed by her performance. HIGH
3. Fortunately, he gave us a lot of ______________ criticism. CONSTRUCT
4. This new gadget has caused great _____among computer experts. EXCITE
5. One of our main ___________ is selling the product more cheaply than us. COMPETE
6. We were encouraged to use our _______________ in the painting classes. IMAGINE
7. He looked ill as his face was pale and ____________________. DRAW
8. ________________, we would have invited everyone, but we knew there wouldn't be
enough room. IDEA
9. ________________ enough, he had never been abroad before. SURPRISE
10. The town had changed so much that had become almost __________. RECOGNISE
II. Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers
the question.
1. He's quite efficient when it ____ to repairing things.
a. comes b. points c. turns d. goes
2. He lives just ____ the road from me.
a. round b. opposite c. across d. beside
3. Many people thought that the arrival of private TV channels would greatly improve the
quality of television. In ____, however, the quality has gone down.
a. addition b. spite c. reality d. fact
4. No ____ what I eat, I never seem to put on weight.
a. way b. matter c. surprise d. exception
5. Our lawyer told us that there was nothing we could do about the new club, as it was ____
legal.
a. very b. virtually c. perfectly d. practically
6. My father is the only ____ of my family that can speak German.
a. person b. member c. relative d. relation
7. Don't worry about not getting the job, there'll be ____ of other opportunities.
a. lot b. several c. plenty d. some

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8. I was quite sad when he left, as I'd become quite ____ to him.
a. dear b. attached c. keen d. fond
9. He ____ his best to ensure that everything was prepared on time.
a. made b. gave c. had d. did
10. I was quite impressed by the ____ of the food.
a. quality b. virtue c. goodness d. value
III. Complete the sentence below with an appropriate word:

1. Space exploration can help us to understand more about the origins of our planet and life
on ____________today.
2. A number of well-known scientists are involved ______________ the project.
3. Don't let him eat any chocolate; he's supposed to be ________________ a diet.
4. He's always had a preference ____________________ exotic food.
5. There are only two restaurants in the village, but I can highly recommend _____ of them.
6. My uncle's always talking about _______________ time he spent in Australia.
7. Unfortunately, organic products are still a ______________ deal more expensive than
ordinary ones.
8. ______________shift from letters to emails has greatly affected the way people
communicate with each other.
9. Higher taxes on cigarettes have persuaded many people to give _______ smoking.
10. We knew we were going to lose ____________________ jobs.
IV. Read the sentence below carefully. If it is correct, write a tick (√) in the
space provided. If there is a word that should not be there, write the extra word
in the space.
1. The train was delayed due to the bad weather, so I didn't get back to home until two o'clock.
___________
2. We weren't angry with Howard for failing his Maths exam, as he had been studied really
hard for it. ___________
3. My father still smoked too much, although he'd been trying to cut down on recently.
___________
4. He lost his job when the factory closed down last year, but he has managed to find another
one straight away. ___________
5. No matter how hard he tried, he couldn't work out how to solve the problem. ________

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6. When I first saw Picasso's Guernica, I didn't really understand it, as I didn't know
anything else about the Spanish Civil War. ___________
7. That was the first time he had met someone who knew more about languages than he did.
8. He had a habit of buying things that he didn't need to at all. ___________
9. The council have at last come up with a way of dealing with the traffic problem in the town
centre. ___________
10. In the end, we were both much too tired to go anywhere, so that we decided to stay at
home. ___________

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the space:
1. We could see the ____________________ on the children's faces as they played in
the snow. HAPPY
2. We had expected to pay a lot for the hotel and were surprised to discover that it was
relatively ____________________. EXPENSE
3. Bill Gates is one of the ____________________ men in the world. WEALTH
4. The fur coat was on sale for eighty pounds - a ____________________ of a hundred
pounds on the original price. SAVE
5. The flight was delayed, so we had to wait in the ____________________ lounge for
nearly three hours. DEPART
6. The central hall is the most ____________________ decorated room in the whole
palace. LUXURY
7. All things considered, I found the book a little ___________________. DISAPPOINT
8. Judging from the ____________________ expressions on their faces, they were not
having a good time. BORE
9. Rock singer Des Devil ____________________ admits that he was never much good
at school work. FREE
10. We got there five minutes late, but ____________________ , the teacher hadn't
arrived yet. FORTUNE
the question.
1. If a goldfish is kept in good conditions, it has a life ____ of ten to twenty years.
a. span b. extent c. range d. length
2. Arsenal ____ Newcastle United 2-0 to win the 1998 FA cup final.
a. win b. beat c. gain d. overcome
3. I think we should try to ____ the most of the situation.
a. get b. take c. make d. bring
4. We're having some people ____ for dinner tomorrow.
a. across b. over c. down d. by

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5. The type of music I listen to depends on my ____. When I'm feeling sad, I listen to slow
orchestral music and when I'm happy, I put on my 1980s pop records.
a. humour b. mood c. state d. condition
6. We're going to paint the living room and get a new carpet ____.
a. put b. fitted c. set up d. installed
7. She went to Australia straight after ____ school.
a. ending b. leaving c. terminating d. finalizing
8. The job was ____ to finish in August, but they asked us to stay on until December.
a. assumed b. presumed c. supposed d. imagined
9. I still haven't ____ over the rude way your brother talked to me the other day.
a. passed b. been c. gone d. got
10. They haven't ____ to sell their house yet.
a. succeeded b. managed c. reached d. achieved
III. Complete the sentence below with an appropriate word.

1. My workmates are always complaining ______________ the food in the canteen.
2. There are some new buildings on the outskirts, but the town centre has ______ really
changed much at all.
3. The house was tastefully decorated, although some of _______furniture was a bit old-
fashioned.
4. I listen to a lot of music _______the radio.
5. I've decided I'm not going to apply _________ that translation job after all.
6. He ____________________ earned quite a lot of money recently.
7. I did not have the courage ____________________ disagree with him.
8. The hotel was every bit _________ comfortable and luxurious as we had expected.
9. Local residents have expressed their concern ______ the plans to build an airport close
to the town.
10. No one likes to be criticised, ______ they?
in the space.
1. Many of the problems faced by young people today, simply didn't exist since 100 years
ago._______

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2. He had just broken up with his girlfriend and felt no need for another relationship.____
3. He had been in charge of organising the school trips since he came to the school twenty
years ago. _______
4. Well-known chef Isabella Lawton has opened a new restaurant exclusively for the
teenagers. ______
5. He'd known her for ages, but he couldn't make up his mind whether he liked her or did
not. ______
6. By having finished his studies, he was now able to go on holiday. _____
7. We had told them we were coming, so that they would have plenty of time to prepare.
_____
8. He decided to go abroad in order to he learn another language and culture. ______
9. We still had a little bit of time left, so we decided to go for a walk round the town._____
10. I knew I didn't stand up a chance of passing my chemistry exam.______

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the space.
1. His real name was Johan Schmidt, but he was ______________ known as Johnny.
POPULAR
2. I realised I wouldn't become a top class runner until I learnt to regulate my _______.
BREATHE
3. The first time I visited New York, I was ____________ captivated by the atmosphere
of the city. IMMEDIATE
4. His mother was always telling him off for being _________________ and untidy.
CARE
5. She didn't want to go the party, but felt ______________ by her boss. PRESS
6. Many people _______________ disagreed with the government's decision to put up
taxes. STRONG
7. She had become ____________________ attached to the dog. EMOTION
8. The Paralympics is a sporting event for athletes with mental or physical ___________.
ABLE
9. I didn't expect to get the job because there was a lot of ___________. COMPETE
10. He smiled ______________ and told me to do my best. COURAGE
the question.
1. The new ____ of the Red Guide to Europe contains a totally new chapter on Art History.
a. issue b. number c. copy d. edition
2. The high quality of many Australian wines will ____ as a surprise to those who haven't
tried them.
a. arrive b. come c. be d. take
3. There are fewer bad hotels now, than was the ____ ten or fifteen years ago.
a. fact b. instance c. case d. truth
4. Britain spends a lot of money on preserving its national ____.
a. inheritance b. heritage c. tourism d. history
5. The Cavewomen's latest record has received favourable ____.
a. reviews b. words c. views d. revues

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6. China has recently ____ as a major force in the field of women's athletics.
a. raised b. risen c. emerged d. come
7. Train ____ are quite expensive in Great Britain.
a. fees b. charges c. fares d. expenses
8. The poem ____ the author's feelings about growing old.
a. translates b. transports c. conveys d. converts
9. He complains that the press follow him around everywhere and don't respect his ____.
a. secrecy b. privacy c. intimacy d. reserve
10. A psychologist helped him to ____ his fear of flying.
a. overwhelm b. overpower c. overdo d. overcome

1. I eventually decided to give up my job and concentrate _____ passing my exams.
2. We worked all night in an effort ___________ get everything finished on time.
3. If I lost my job, I wouldn't know ____________________ to do.
4. We interviewed over a hundred candidates for the job, but none of them ______ the
qualifications we required.
5. I'd like to know the reason _____________ he wants to leave home.
6. Tourists who return to the country after a long absence are often surprised to discover
how little ______ has changed.
7. A walk along the city walls will give you _____________idea of how the town must
have looked in medieval times.
8. He chose to go to New York ____________________ than Paris.
9. The man standing in ____________________ of me was nearly two metres tall, so I
could hardly see the stage.
10. The shop sold jewellery and clothes ____________________ other things.
in the space.
1. Things were not going down at all well for him since he left home. _______
2. We wanted to leave as soon as possible, but he insisted on that we stayed. _______
3. I liked Athens a lot of and was determined to go back there to live. _______
4. I agreed to phone him as soon as I had reached to my office. _______

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5. It was one of the worst things that could ever have had happened to me. _______
6. He decided to keep on his old computer just in case the new one broke down. _____
7. He is feeling a lot better than now he has given up his job. _______
8. Although they look almost identical, they are in fact very much different in character.
_______
9. He hasn't been back to Japan yet for a number of years now. _______
10. He eventually came round to the idea that he needed a change in his life. _______

124
the space.
1. He must learn to use his time more ____________________. CONSTRUCT
2. His job was to greet all the new _____________ and take them to their rooms. ARRIVE
3. There were lots of courses for intermediate and advanced students but there was virtually
nothing for ____________________. BEGIN
4. Every year smoking kills millions of people ____________________. GLOBE
5. People over the age of forty often have ____________________ learning a new
language. DIFFICULT
6. He did a lot of exercises to ______________ his comprehension skills. SHARP
7. 'I haven't had anything to eat for hours,' he said, staring __________ at the bar of
chocolate in my hand. HUNGRY
8. He had worked briefly as a ______________ before becoming a professional athlete.
BUILD
9. There was no ____________ of our team winning three matches one after the other.
POSSIBLE
10. She had always been a very intelligent and ______________ girl. OBSERVE
the question.
1. He has not ____ much use of the dictionary you bought for him.
a. taken b. found c. done d. made
2. He gave me his ____ that the car was in excellent condition.
a. promise b. insurance c. word d. vow
3. He accused the company of not ____ to the agreement.
a. respecting b. holding c. following d. obeying
4. We must ____ steps to protect the environment.
a. give b. make c. follow d. take
5. The company and the workers' committee are trying to ____ an agreement that will leave
everyone satisfied.
a. arrange b. negotiate c. organise d. finish
6. Many parents are becoming ____ alarmed by the drop in teaching standards.

125
a. substantially b. seriously c. widely d. warmly

7. I still don't know when I'll be able to go on holiday this year. I'm meeting my boss later to
____ the matter.
a. speak b. debate c. discuss d. talk
8. Native speaker teachers are not ____ better than non-native ones.
a. completely b. totally c. surely d. necessarily
9. The film was ____ superb.
a. absolutely b. at all c. a lot d. significantly
10. He's just ____ a difficult phase; he'll be over it in a month or so.
a. moving through b. passing c. going through d. living

1. He had been working too hard in his eagerness ____________________ impress his
colleagues and was on the verge of a nervous breakdown.
2. He had been waiting there ____________________ nearly two hours when I arrived.
3. My boss was ill, so I was in charge of ____________________ out the instructions.
4. When she moved to Canada, we ____________________ in contact via email.
5. In the 1990s, Tuxedo ____________________ considered to be one of the best
discotheques in town. Now it is not nearly so popular.
6. Barbara Brown, ____________________ teacher from Birmingham, has won over
ten million pounds in the National Lottery.
7. The trip to the islands was the only part of the holiday _________________ I enjoyed.
8. Granddad ____________________ been partially deaf since the age of ten and his
hearing was getting progressively worse.
9. We got to the station quite late because there was a lot ____________________
traffic than we had counted on.
10. They told us to stop complaining and feeling sorry for ____________________.
in the space.
1. The idea that she would never be able to see her brother again was upset her greatly.
______

126
2. When I was away, I phoned home from time to time to speak to the kids and check that
everything was in its order. _______
3. The hotel was quite a cheerful place and there were the Christmas decorations in every
room. ______
4. Despite everything that had happened between us, I still looked on him as a friend. ___
5. They tried to go round the world on the route was taken by Magallanes five centuries ago.
____
6. The cathedral was not nearly so interesting as the guide books had led us to believe. ____
7. The book offers a useful advice for people who are thinking of moving abroad. ____
8. Melbourne is still generally thought as to be a rather quiet, provincial city when compared
to Sydney. _____
9. The new teacher was easily so as good as the one we had last year. _____
10. The trip was much more better value than we had expected. ____

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B_2_VOCABULARY_WORSHEET_5
I. Complete each sentence with a word formed from the word in capitals.
1. The ________________ of the concert came as a huge disappointment for the eager
fans of the band. CANCEL
2. I didn’t _______________ straightaway because I wanted to rest for a while PACK
3. Sarah has a degree in law and a diploma, so her ________________ for the job are
very good. QUALIFY
4. The ________________ made the job sound very exciting but in fact it was pretty
boring. ADVERTISE
5. A recurring knee ________________ lowered his chances of winning the game.
INJURE
6. All the ___________ needed some warm-up before the race could start. COMPETE
7. Pete’s clothes are always ten years out of date, which is why he always looks so
________________ . FASHION
8. Men should never wear a ________________ tie with a striped shirt. PATTERN
9. The main ________________ is at the side of the building. ENTRY
10. The flat was cheap to rent as it was ________________ . We filled it with the things
from our old house. FURNITURE
II. Underline the most suitable word.

1. Margaret has some beautiful flower boxes on her window sill/frame/shelf.
2. I always put the central conditioning/heating/warming on as soon as it starts to get
cold.
3. The departs/departure/leaving lounge is a non-smoking area.
4. They booked their holiday through a tour/trip/travel agent on the High Street.
5. After he was made redundant, Chris got a temporary job/work/employment in a
restaurant.
6. The level/cost/price of living is much higher in the south of the country.
7. My sister won first place/prize/class in a cookery competition last weekend.
8. ‘I’ve got a spare ticket for the tennis court/game/match on Friday. Would you like to
come with me?’
9. Keith prefers to wear shirts with short sleeves/arms/cuffs to work.

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10. I enjoy window shopping/buying/looking when I haven’t got much money to

spend.
III. What is being defined? Write the word or words after the sentence.
1. Part of a station where you wait for a train and get on and off it. _______________
2. People who do this stand at the side of the road with their thumbs out. They try to get cars
to stop and give them a lift. ________________
3. A person in an office who answers the phone and greets visitors when they arrive.
________________
4. The money you are paid regularly when you retire from work. ________________
5. A referee at a sports match blows this to stop and start the game. ________________
6. A shirt for a woman. ________________
7. What a man wears in bed. ________________
8. Not the city centre, but the area around a city where lots of commuters live.
________________
9. When you decorate a room, you put this on the wall. It can be plain or patterned.
________________
10. The seat on a bicycle. ________________
IV. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. Unfortunately, we only have one position and it must go to the ___ candidate.
a. wildest b. highest c. strongest d. greatest
2. We had to work around the ___ to produce enough goods to fill the big order we had last
week.
a. clock b. priority c. day d. overnight
3. Although not everyone is a fan of Justin Bieber, most people agree he is worthy of his ___
success.
a. influential b. aspiring c. phenomenal d. resourceful
4. Phoebe ___ all our expectations with her incredible performance in the dance contest.
a. attained b. approved c. reached d. surpassed
5. In its ___, the city of Bath was a magnet for wealthy and fashionable people from all over
the country.
a. dream b. foothold c. prestige d. heyday

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6. Pablo is just twelve years old, but thanks to his parents’ encouragement, he is already a
___ chess player.
a. prodigious b. peak c. useful d. resilient
7. The hostage was released unharmed by the kidnappers, but they were never caught and
charged with ___.
a. fraud b. forgery c. abduction d. trafficking
8. The suspect soon broke down when the police ___ him and confessed to having broken
into the jewellery store.
a. interrogated b. enforced c. sentenced d. charged
9. Sam has no ___ for the night of the crime and, therefore, he is the main suspect in this
case.
a. verdict b. surveillance c. alibi d. witness
10. The lawyer advised his client to ___ not guilty to all charges.
a. plead b. punish c. charge d. tell

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1. I wouldn’t want to be a ________________ because I’d have to be away from home so
much. SAIL
2. Art can indeed ________________ a person’s life. RICH
3. That soup was very ________________ . Could I have some more? TASTE
4. Katy went on a _____________ course last year to learn how to make curries. COOK
5. Dan has ________ his shoes already and is complaining that they’re too tight. GROW
6. Our holiday was quite ________________ because we took a tent instead of staying
in a hotel and we hired bikes instead of a car. EXPENSE
7. A lot of telephone boxes have been ________________ recently so you can never find
one that works. VANDAL
8.It was __________________ easy to win the race. AMAZE
9. He is not only a distinguished __________________ but also a poet. NOVEL
10. I was surprised to hear how much money he makes as a street ________________
ENTERTAIN

1. They went for a stroll/hike/tour in the park.
2. Before you can get on the train you have to go to the ticket box/agency/office.
3. We had the most amazing six portion/course/food meal at Murat and Demet’s
wedding.
4. John commanded/demanded/ordered the steak but the waiter brought him pasta.
5. I’m not going to that shop again – their prices/costs/sales are very high.
6. How much did you spend/cost/pay for your new handbag?
7. The kidnapper/hijacker/blackmailer pointed his gun and told the pilot to fly to New
York.
8. At the end of the court case the judge/jury/lawyer asked the guilty man if he had
anything to say.
9. Have you been to the new opera? The sculptor/editor/composer was so talented.
10. David can’t come to the party because he’s practising/rehearsing/watching for his
new play.

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1. A person who travels on foot. ________________
2. You use these to row a boat. ________________
3. A person who doesn’t eat meat. ________________
4. A piece of equipment that is used for boiling water quickly. ________________
5. A piece of paper you are given when you pay for something in a shop or restaurant.
___________
6. A person keeps money and credit cards in one. ________________
7. The main events of a play, novel or film. ________________
8. The decision a jury has to make in a court. It is usually guilty or not guilty. __________
9. A person who writes music. ________________
10. A type of book which is about the life of a famous person, but not written by them.
_________
1. How much is the bus ___ to the city centre?
a. fee b. price c. fare d. cost
2. It took ages to cross the ___ from Turkey to Greece.
a. border b. edge c. line d. boundary
3. Make sure you book a ticket in ___ .
a. ahead b. forward c. before d. advance
4. What’s the ___ between New York and Chicago?
a. length b. distance c. space d. gap
5. I don’t know how you ___ up with Carl’s complaining all the time.
a. put b. do c. get d. make
6. The tower is 65 m in ___.
a. high b. scale c. height d. rise
7. I’m thinking of buying a new fishing ___.
a. rod b. racket c. bat d. stick
8. I can’t believe you ___ Charlie in that chess game.
a. took b. scored c. won d. beat
9. I’m going to take the car to the garage as the ___ has been making a funny noise.
a. machine b. engine c. appliance d. device
10. We’re really looking ___ to seeing you both next week.
a. ahead b. in front c. forward d. in advance

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1. Kate ______________ me. I said ‘Kiss him’, but she thought I said ‘Kick him’! HEAR
2. Fortunately, I was able to _______________ him before the finishing line. RUN
3. It hasn’t rained here for ages and now we’ve got a water ______________ . SHORT
4. Their ____________________ is still really strong after 45 years of marriage.
RELATE
5. ‘How many __________________ have you got working for you now, Mr Warner?’
EMPLOY
6. Police are investigating the ________________ of a five-year-old girl. APPEAR
7. Drinking too much coffee is ________________ to your health. HARM
8. Beyoncé is an ________________ famous singer. NATION
9. We should all try to ________________ paper and glass because it’s good for the
environment. CYCLE
10. Dear Sir, I would like to inform you of my ________________ with your service. The
treatment I received in your shop last Saturday was totally unacceptable. SATISFY

1. ‘Could you borrow/lend/rent me some money to buy Dad a birthday present?’
2. I’m saving up/on/in for a good holiday next year.
3. The cashier/accountant/investor in the bank asked me to show my ID card when I
took out a large amount of money.
4. The professor’s lecture wasn’t very interested/interesting/interest.
5. Claire was very helpless/helping/helpful when we moved house because she lent us
her car.
6. I wish Peter would mind his own business/opinion/mind. My decision has got
nothing to do with him.
7. They’ve got an exam tomorrow so they have to stay at home and read/rehearse/revise
tonight.
8. My sister works in a primary school as a professor/teacher/lecturer.
9. Chris has a degree at/of/in chemical engineering.
10. We always have to do/make/take notes in our science lessons.

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1. You plant these so new flowers grow. ________________
2. The place where bees live. ________________
3. A word that describes someone who is always on time. ________________
4. Someone who is no longer married. ________________
5. This sometimes happens when there is a heavy storm and the electricity goes off.
__________________
6. Tool used for cutting through wood. ________________
7. A time when there is not enough food to feed the people in an area. ______________
8. Workers do this when they stop work in order to get more money or better working
conditions. ________________
9. A doctor’s office. ________________
10. If you are ill the doctor will give you one of these so you can get some medicine or
pills. ________________
1. Freedom of speech is an essential keystone of any modern ___.
a. dictatorship b. monarchy c. democracy d. empire
2. Women often find there is a lot of ___ in male-dominated working environments such as
the police force or the fire service.
a. diversity b. prejudice c. terror d. feudalism
3. Queen Elizabeth II’s ___ took place in 1953 at Westminster Abbey in London.
a. empire b. colony c. throne d. coronation
4. The best thing about living in a small town or village is the sense of ___; we all feel that
we belong here.
a. society b. community c. equality d. ancestry
5. After he was separated from his family, the young man ___ from town to town, searching
for his parents.
a. wandered b. migrated c. sifted d. followed
6. Every ___ of this country has a right to vote in the local and national elections.
a. king b. immigrant c. citizen d. descendant
7. I bought a fabulous skirt and some trendy trainers in the January___.
a. sales b. discounts c. bargains d. offers

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8. In my opinion, the film ___ of Bridget Jones’s Diary doesn’t do justice to the book.
a. interpretation b. adaptation c. prediction d. recitation
9. The lamp was damaged when I took it out of the box, so I took it back and demanded a
___.
a. an artifact b. a debit c. a refund d. an heir
10. The ___ of this ancient tree is more than sixteen metres across.
a. twig b. branch c. trunk d. petal

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I. Look at the sentences below and decide whether they should be completed
with the verb make or the verb do. The form of these verbs will need to change
in most sentences. Use the words in bold to help you.
1. Has your father ________ a will yet?
2. 2. She ________ her guitar exercises every morning.
3. The storm ________ a lot of damage last night.
4. Who will be ________ the speech at her graduation ceremony?
5. We ________ a large profit when we sold our apartment.
6. There's a lot of work still to be ________ .
7. At the moment he's ________ great efforts to learn Italian.
8. They ________ a lot of business with Asian countries.
9. I'm not ________ the washing today.
10. When we got to the hotel, the beds hadn't been ________ .
II. Replace the words and expressions in bold with one of the following
expressions using make.
make the best of • make a break with • made a meal of • make do with• make
time • made off with • make-believe • make up my mind • makes the head spin
• can’t make heads or tails of something
1. The thief stole all their jewellery.

2. She forgot her shirt and had to use a borrowed one because there was nothing else
available.
3. It is said it will rain next week so we'd better take advantage of this weekend in the
mountains
4. My husband can't decide whether to go out with his friends or stay at home and help me
make a cake.
5. She spent a lot of unnecessary time and went to a lot of effort renovating this old
house.
6. His stories about his hunting adventures are just not true, although he pretends they
are.

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7. We must arrange to visit our grandparents in the country even though we are short
of time.
8. I did my best to forgive my ex wife, but it's not always easy to move away from the past.
9. I don’t understand the instruction manual for this washing machine – all the technical
words just make me extremely confused.
10. These maths problems are really complicated. I can’t understand them at all.
III. The words in bold are all in the wrong sentences. Decide which sentences
they should go in.
1. If the laptop doesn't work, hit it - that should do the sights and get it working again.
2. Will you do the turn, Ben, and pour us all a drink?
3. He has never hurt anyone. He just has other people to do the yourself work for him.
4. She looks a little stressed. An evening out would do don'ts to cheer her up.
5. He's very good at repairing, decorating and other do-it-trick jobs.
6. You don't have a washing machine at home? How can you do turn one? There must be a
public laundry in our area.
7. This lamb is cooked perfectly. It's done to a dirty.
8. The principal told him all the do's and without about working in the school.
9. She did me a good honours by writing a job reference for me, so I helped him in return.
10. As soon as we went to Madrid, we did all the wonders and took hundreds of pictures.
IV. Look at the sentences in part I (which all use a phrasal verb with make) and
match them with a possible situation in part II.
Part I
1. Could we make out the house in the fog?
2. I can't make out why she didn't come.
3. Don't worry. He made up the story about a man attacked by a bear.
4. I can't make up my mind where to go on holiday.
5. He made over the house to his daughter last month.
6. I really don't know what to make of this letter she sent me last night.
7. It's no use talking to him - his mind is made up.
8. This food makes my mouth water!
9. His decision makes my blood boil!
10. Sorry, I forgot to buy paper towels. We’ll just have to make do with napkins!

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Part II
A. Somebody has made a decision and won't change it.
B. Somebody hasn't decided about their summer holiday yet.
C. Somebody is confused about something they were given.
D. Somebody passed something to another person.
E. A girl is puzzled about her friend's absence from a party.
F. Somebody has invented a tale to frighten their friends.
G. Two people trying to find their way to a friend's place in the countryside at night.
H. Something looks delicious.
I. Something makes somebody feel extremely angry.
J. Two people have to manage with the resources available.

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I. Here are some useful words and expressions that we often use when we want
to describe somebody's physical appearance. Use your dictionary to make sure
you understand what they all mean, then use the most suitable one in the
description below:
Build:
tall short of medium / average height fat overweight slim thin of medium /
average build well-built
Hair:
short long dark blond red shoulder-length straight curly wavy a parting
a fringe spiky bald thinning fair-haired
Age:
young old middle-aged elderly a baby a toddler a teenager in his early twenties
in my mid-thirties in her late fifties
Facial features and characteristics:
wrinkles weather-beaten dimples spots freckles beard moustache
Nose:
hooked turned-up sharp bulbous
Skin colour:
tanned fair-/ pale- / dark-skinned a fair / pale / dark complexion
Other expressions:
a double chin a generous mouth long eyelashes thin eyebrows bushy eyebrows
broad shoulders well-developed muscles
My father's in his 1) ................ He's of 2)................. height and a bit 3)..............., with a double
4)........... He's got short, dark, curly 5)............. (which is thinning slightly), a rather untidy
6)............. and moustache, and big, bushy 7).................... He's got quite a fair
8)........................ When he smiles, he has 9)..................on his cheeks, and he gets
10)................... when he goes out in the sun.
II. Complete the expressions in bold below with a word from the box.
leg • nose • neck • elbow • ear
• foot • eye • hand • thumb • shoulder

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1. She gave me a __________ with the washing-up.

2. They had been dating for some time, and then she suddenly gave him the_____ .
3. Don't worry. I wasn't being serious. I was only pulling your __________ .
4. He hoped she would give him a friendly welcome, but in fact she gave him the cold
__________ .
5. Poor old Ben is dominated by his wife! She's got him under her _________ .
6. Could you keep an ________ out for the traffic warden while I go into the bank?
7. He's always bothering me! He's such a pain in the ________ .
8. I really put my ________ in my mouth - I asked her if Mary was her mother, but she
said she was her sister.
9. Jane thinks she's better than other people and always looks down her ________ at them.
10. Make sure you follow what is happening. Keep your ________ to the ground.
III. What is the meaning of the adjectives in bold? Match the sentences in the
two columns.
1. I wish John wouldn't be so critical all the time.
2. Mary is so witty.
3. Chris is such a garrulous person.
4. Sometimes Rick can be really impulsive.
5. Laurence is the most conceited person I know.
6. Mr Kelly is very absent-minded.
7. Jan is so obstinate.
8. Mr. Roberts is extremely reserved.
9. You're not very punctual, are you?
10. Has anyone ever told you how bossy you are?
A. I know! He spoke non-stop for two hours on the telephone last night!
B. You can never make her change her mind.
C. After all, nobody's perfect.
D. You're almost never on time.
E. That's true. She made a very clever and funny speech at her party.
F. He often rushes to do things without thinking of the consequences.
G. Yesterday he went to the library in his slippers!
H. He thinks too much of himself.

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I. You're always telling people what to do.

J. He feels bad in a room with more than three people!
IV. Look at the following list of words and expressions, and decide whether they
are positive ( + ) or negative ( - ). Use your dictionary to check the meanings.
1. a pain in the neck + / -
2. a troublemaker + / -
3. a couch potato + / -
4. a golden boy + / -
5. a high-flyer + / -
6. a busybody + / -
7. the salt of the earth + / -
8. an early bird + / -
9. a jerk + / -
10. the life and soul of the party + / -

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I. Look at the sentences below and fill in the gaps using the appropriate word
or expression. Choose from A, B or C.
1. He got a good grade in his maths, but ________ his English exam.
A. passed B. lost C. failed
2. She had to ________ her First Certificate exam three times.
A. study B. take C. make
3. She ________ her driving test first time!
A. passed B. succeeded C. won
4. He is ________ medicine because he wants to become a doctor.
A. studying B. learning C. acquiring
5. He's ________ to speak French at college.
A. studying B. learning C. teaching
6. She's ________ herself to speak Japanese.
A. learning B. studying C. teaching
7. She ________ from Edinburgh University last year.
A. left B. graduated C. passed
8. We need to ________ young people about the dangers of alcohol.
A. educate B. bring up C. raise
9. I'm ________ for my history test tomorrow.
A. learning B. revising C. remembering
10. School ________ next week; I can't wait for the holidays to begin!
A. breaks into B. breaks up C. breaks down
II. Look at the definitions below and write the words they define. The first letter
of each word has been given to you.
1. The points given to a student as a result of any form of evaluation. (e.g. Mary got top m_
_ _ _ in English)
2. Somebody who is studying at a college or university.
(e.g. She's a brilliant s _ _ _ _ _ _ )
3. A diploma from a university. (e.g., She has a d _ _ _ _ _ in mathematics from Oxford
University)

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4. A meeting of a small group of university students to discuss a subject with a teacher. (e.g.
The s_ _ _ _ _ _ is being held in the conference room)
5. A talk given to a class of students, usually at a university or college (e.g., We are going
to a l _ _ _ _ _ _ on pollution).
6. A sum of money to help (e.g., Not many students get a full g _ _ _ _ )
7. A teaching session between a tutor and one or more students.
(e.g., We had a t_ _ _ _ _ _ _on Romanian history)
8. All the people who work in a company/ school/ organization
(e.g., Two members of s_ _ _ _ are away late)
9. Someone with a degree from a university. (e.g., He's a g_ _ _ _ _ _ _of Craiova University)
10. An area of knowledge that you are studying. (e.g. Geography is his weakest
s_ _ _ _ _ _)
III. Look at these sentences and decide which of the idioms and colloquialisms
in bold is correct.
1. He gets up early to go to college and comes home late. I keep telling him he shouldn't buy
a dog with two tails / burn the candle at both ends / try to wear two pairs of
trousers.
2. Sally always does her homework on time and buys the teacher little presents. The other
children hate her. She's such a teacher's toy / teacher's jewel / teacher's pet.
3. John will have to pull his socks up / polish his head / empty his washing basket
and work harder or he'll fail his exams.
4. She didn't work hard enough and flunked/ splodged/ squidged her exams.
5. They didn't go to school, but chased the tiger / emptied their heads / played
truant and went fishing instead.
6. He never comes to his English lessons. He's always smirking / skiving / shrinking.
7. Jane is such a ladybug/ bookworm/ bee! She seems to have a new novel every day!
8. Tony must have studied a long time because he passed the test with flying colours/ a
clap of hands/ a nod of the head.
9. I have played that song so many times that I have learned it by head/hands/ heart and
don’t even have to look at the music.
10. My friends are playing hooky/ drums/ the piano today so they can be first in line for
concert tickets this afternoon.

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IV. Complete the sentences with a word or words from the following:
challenging • look it up • parrot-fashion • coming along • get by •

rewarding • mother tongue • pick some up • accent • multi-lingual •
communicate • native • progress • fluent •second language
•pronunciation
1. We have terrible problems with our French __________. Nobody can understand a
word we say.
2. Always carry a good dictionary around with you. If you don't understand a word, you can
then __________.
3. I didn't learn Spanish at school, but I managed to __________ when I was travelling
around Spain.
4. He has an unusual __________; it's not British, and it's not American. It's something
in between.
5. I think my English is __________ well. Last year I passed my PET exam, this year I
passed my FCE, and now I'm studying for the CAE. I can definitely say that I'm making good
__________.
6. Of course I speak good English. I've spoken it all my life. It's my __________. I also
speak French as a __________.
7. My English, French and Spanish are __________. I speak them perfectly, like a
__________of those countries. I suppose you could say that I'm __________.
8. Many children learn a language __________; they listen to the teacher and simply
repeat what she says. They never learn to use it properly.
9. My Spanish isn't great, but when I go to Spain I can usually __________ in restaurants,
shops etc. Basically, people understand what I'm trying to say.
10. Learning a language can be __________, but it is always __________, especially
when you find you can __________ with people in their own country.

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GRAMMAR

145
B_2_GRAMMAR_WORKSHEET_1_CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

If this theory about parallel universes (1) ___ correct, it (2) ___ that we’re living in more
than one universe at the same time. But if that (3) ___ true- if I was doing different things
in different universes-, (4) ___ about it. And if I (5) ___ about it, how could it be me doing
these things? If I (6) ___ the lottery last year in a parallel universe, and decided to sail
around the world, how is that “me”? It doesn’t make sense! And another thing. If I do
something, it (7) ___ consequences. For example, if I (8) ___ study, I might not pass my
exams. I can’t stop thinking about different universes where the consequences are different.
If I just (9) ___ about the universe I actually live in, then I’m sure (10) ___ okay!
1. A will be B is C would have been D has been

2. A has meant B meant C had meant D means
3. A will be B was being C were D has been
4. A I’d know B I’ll know C I have known D I know
5. A wouldn’t know B don’t know C won’t know D didn’t know
6. A had won B was winning C have won D win
7. A would have B would have had C will have D had had
8. A won’t B haven’t C don’t D hadn’t
9. A think B to think C am thinking D have thought
10. A I’d be B I’ve been C I’d have been D I’ll be
II. Complete using the correct form of the verbs in bold:

BE CALL FIND FORGET GET
LEAVE SEE TAKE WANT WORK
1. If she ________________ at five o’clock, she’ll be here by half past seven.

2. We _________________ you if we have any problems.
3. It might not be a good idea to go out tonight if you _________________ an important
test in the morning.
4. If you ________________ ill all day, you shouldn’t come to the club tonight.
5. If you should ___________ my wallet, call me on my mobile immediately!
6. Let’s get a different DVD if you _____________ that one already.

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7. If Peter _____________ so hard lately, he’ll welcome the chance to have a few days off.
8. If you’re going into town, ________________ a video for tonight while you’re there!
9. If you see Carol tonight, ________________ to say hello from me!
10. Don’t feel you have to come if you ____________ to.
III. Circle the correct word or phrase:

1. This time in six months I’ll be at university unless/ if I decide to take a year off first.
2. We’d better leave early tomorrow unless/ in case there’s a lot of traffic when we get to
Birmingham.
3. You can watch the film as long as/ in case you promise to go straight to bed when it
finishes.
4. Let’s go to Gulliver’s tonight unless/ if you haven’t been there before.
5. Unless/ So long as I’ve still got my health, I don’t mind how poor I am.
6. You’d better take a sweater with you now if/ in case it gets cold tonight.
7. Do what you like provided/ unless you don’t make any noise.
8. I’m not going to worry unless/ so long as she hasn’t called by midnight.
9. You can have a pet dog provided that/ unless you promise to look after it properly.
10. Applications for membership are accepted on condition that/ unless applicants are
over 18.
IV. Complete using the correct form of the verbs in brackets:

1. If ______________ (you/ do) your homework last night, you’d know the answer to
this question!
2. We _______________ (not/ stand) by the side of the road at the moment trying to
get a lift if ___________ (we/ bring) a spare tyre with us.
3. If I ____________ (not/stay up) so late last night, I ___________ (not/ feel) so
tired this morning!
4. _____________ (I/ be) in terrible trouble right now if you ______________ (not/
help) me.
5. If I had a video recorder, _______________ (I/ record) the match last night.
6. ________________ (I/ ask) for Alan’s phone number when I met him if I
____________ (not/ already/ have) a boyfriend!
7. If Andy ___________ (not/ live) so far away, he _____________ (not/ be) so late
to the barbecue yesterday.

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8. Helen _________________ (not/ need) extra lessons last month if she

_____________ (be) as good at maths as you are.
9. _________________ (you/ got) a job when you left school if the university
______________ (not/ offer) you a place?
10. If you _______________ (have) as much money as she does,
_______________ (you/ retire) by now?

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B_2_GRAMMAR_WORKSHEET_2_PASSIVE_VOICE
I. Choose the correct word or phrase.

1. The prime minister was/ has criticised for his recent actions.
2. When I walked past the Wilsons’ house, their new sofa was/ has being delivered.
3. Our teacher was/ has told us to take our favourite book to school tomorrow.
4. I think my mobile was/ has been stolen.
5. Jonathan was/ has chosen to play the lead role in the school play.
6. I’m sleeping downstairs because my bedroom is being painted/ has been painting.
7. This picture was/ has probably taken during the winter.
8. Your essays must be/ have handed in on Friday morning.
9. When we got to the airport, we learned that our flight was/ had been delayed.
10. Was/ Has your ticket for the concert tomorrow paid for by you or by your parents?
II. Complete using the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets.
1. The Earth ____________ (hold) by the gravity of the Sun and orbits around it.
2. The first feature-length comedy film _________(create) by Charlie Chaplin.
3. The award for best video ___________ (present) later this evening.
4. By the time you read this, he ___________(arrest) for theft.
5. I don’t know whether our tests _____________ (mark) yet or not.
6. You wouldn’t think it to look at him now, but Jack ____________(bully) when he was
at school.
7. The roof of the car can ______________(lower) by pressing this button here.
8. Our tent ______________(blow) over in the night by the wind.
9. Two men _____________(question) at this moment by police in connection with the
burglary.
10. Your application ______________(consider) and we’ll let you know as soon as
we’ve made a decision.
III. Write sentences in the passive.

1. Our car/ service/ a mechanic/ at the moment.
2. A man/ shoot/ an air gun/ outside the petrol station last night.
3. Gunpowder/ invent/ the Chinese.
4. At the surgery yesterday, I/ examine/ Dr Peterson/ and I/ give/ a prescription.

149
5. I went to see it because I/ tell/ it was a good film/ all my friends.

6. This photograph/ take/ my grandfather.
7. It looked like the window/ break/ a hammer/ some time before.
8. Our dog/ give/ an injection/ a special syringe/ the vet.
9. The winning goal in last night’s match/ score/ Ronaldo/ a brilliant free kick.
10. Your cheque/ send/ last Friday and/ should/ deliver/ to you tomorrow.
IV. Rewrite in the passive starting with the words given.

1. People say that Crete is a beautiful island.
It_____________________________.
2. People generally think that life won’t be found on Mars.
It_____________________________.
3. People think that heart disease is caused by eating the wrong things.
Heart disease _____________________ .
4. She pays someone to clean her windows every month.
She____________________________ .
5. A shark bit Andrew’s leg off.
Andrew________________________ .
6. The teacher scolded Tony for not paying attention.
Tony__________________________ .
7. Her parents named her after her grandmother.
She___________________________ .
8. Most people think that broken homes cause a lot of social problems.
It is___________________________ .
9. The traffic warden will give you a fine if you park here.
You___________________________ .
10. The builder will have finished the extension by July.
The extension_____________________ .

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B_2_GRAMMAR_WORKSHEET_3_INVERSION

1. He promised that he would never/never would he do it again.
2. Not until it was too late I realized/did I realize that Tom was right.
3. Hardly had we sat down than/when the light went out.
4. Under no circumstances could I/I could remember where I had spent all my money.
5. In this castle lives the queen/the queen lives.
6. On no condition they are to begin/are they to begin the show.
7. Such was their courage/their courage was that the enemy fled.
8. No sooner had the rain stopped when/than the sun began shining.
9. Little does Mary appreciate/Mary appreciates my efforts.
10. Seldom the team has won/has the team won the match.
II. Complete each sentence with a suitable word or phrase.

1. …….had he arrived, when there was a power-cut.
2. …….Mary realized that the door wasn’t locked.
3. I thought, as ……..my mom, that the weather would be fine.
4. …….did she win the gold medal, but she was also offered a car.
5. ……. do I understand such trifles.
6. …….am I to be disturbed.
7. …….has she seen such a storm.
8. ……was the force of the wind that the trees were uprooted.
9. ……impressed was the girl, that she burst into tears.
10. ……. should you do such a mistake ever again.
III. Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown.

1. The price of sugar went up.
Up_______________________________
2. The cultural movement has never been worse.
Never______________________________.
3. The best time to go abroad is now.
Now_______________________________.

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4. My neighbour not once offered me his apology.

Not once____________________________.
5. He had no sooner received his pay check, than he spent the money.
No sooner________________________________
6. You should not talk to strangers under any circumstances.
Under no circumstances _______________________.
7. Sheila realized only then that she had lost her backpack.
Only then _________________________________.
8. The taxi came round the corner.
Round the corner____________________________.
9. Her interest in the problem was so great that I was delighted.
Such____________________________________
10. I found out about that news only yesterday.
Only yesterday ______________________________.
IV. Add an appropriate question tag to the sentences below.

1. They liked the show, ______?
2. Mary goes dancing every Saturday night, _____?
3. You’d have to work hard if you got that job, ______?
4. Something is being cooked here, ______?
5. No one is going to argue, ______?
6. Pass me the bread, _____?
7. Let’s leave it for tomorrow, ______?
8. I am late, _____?
9. Everything went according the plan, _____?
10. Everybody left early, _____?

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B_2_GRAMMAR_WORKSHEET_4_PREPOSITIONS
I. Fill in the blanks with the required prepositions or prepositional phrases.

1. I was ____duty___ nine___ five.
2. Mary sometimes talks ____herself.
3. What can I do ____you?
4. ____you and me I frankly believe that she has made a fool ____herself.
5. My brother wouldn’t listen ____anybody.
6. Well, we could do ____a cup of tea.
7. Who are you waiting ____ ?
8. She was laughed ____
9. The doctor has been sent ____.
10. You shouldn’t learn this lesson ____heart.
II. Choose the nouns in column B which require the prepositions in column A.
A B
1.in a. work
2.on b. suspicion
3.under c. heart
4.at d. question
5.with e. love
6.out of f. top
7.above g. one’s breath
8.by h. fail
9.without i. the mark
10.off j. joy
III. Fill in the blanks with the prepositions required by the following adjectives.
1. to know something ____certain
2. innocent _____vice
3. to be bad ____ one’s health
4. to be tired _____ something
5. How kind _____you to help!
6. She is good _____mathematics.

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7. to be keen _____something
8. The trees were bare _____ leaves.
9. ____the worst
10. to be short _____money
IV. Choose the correct preposition:

1. The sun goes down _________the west.
A) up B) in C) by
2. Tom was born _____the 3rd of February, 2002.
A) at B) in C) on
3. We can’t understand the man, there’s something odd ____him.
A) into B) of C) about
4. We ran ______Mary the other day.
A) across B) in C) about
5. This train is ____Athens.
A) on B) by C) for
6. Is your grandmother _____good health?
A) on B) for C) in
7. The teacher gave the students a lecture _______ Greece.
A) about B) of C) on
8. My dad used to read the morning paper ____beginning to end.
A) from B) at C) of
9. Mary spoke ______behalf of her classmates.
A) of B) on C) to
10. She was looking forward to going in _____the short story competition.
A) for B) to C) up

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B_2_GRAMMAR_WORKSHEET_5_PHRASAL_VERBS
I. Fill in the blanks.

1. The plane takes _____at noon.
2. When you grow____, you’ll be allowed to travel alone.
3. Ron has just rung _______to ask me to go shopping with him.
4. Shall I put your name________ for the contest?
5. She took ________her mother.
6. Granny told me she would come ______at 9:00.
7. The teacher opened her pencil-case and took _____ a pen.
8. The soldiers carried_____ the captain’s orders.
9. It was so hot that I took my coat____.
10. She was unable to find _____the answer.
II. Fill in the blanks using one of the phrasal verbs below.
bring up, find out, cut down on, give up, look up to, come along,
take aback, work out, come round/to sense, stand up for
1. She decided to_________________why Rhonda was absent.

2. The general _________________a good plan of defence.
3. Mary was ___________________by her grandparents.
4. After thar quarrel, Jon entirely ________ trying to understand his girlfriend behaviour.
5. I’ll ______________ with you if you don’t mind.
6. Gretchen slowly_______after the operation.
7. I was told to____________fizzy drinks.
8. My brother can’t __________an argument and has to have the last word.
9. Mother Theresa helped the poor very much , so she was __________ by many people.
10. We were_____________ when she said we had hurt her feelings.
III. Choose the correct answer.

1. When will your latest book come_____?
a. up b. off c. out d.in
2. A brand-new Ferrari drew ____at the front door.

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a. up b.in c. off d. out

3. The movie didn’t live______ my expectations.
a. up b. up to c. down d. round
4. If you need, we can put you____ for a few days.
a.in b. up c. for d. out
5. What do the letter MP stand _____?
a. in b. about c. for d.at
6. I bet those children are getting _______something in their room!
a. for b. up to c. in for d. ahead
7. How can she put ______such a terrible mess?
a. about b. for c. up d. up with
8. I don’t know what you are getting____.
a. at b. for c. in d. about
9. One should not look _____weak people.
a. for b. down on c. at d. up for
10. When this medicine wears____ you may feel some pain in your chest.
a. out b. away c. on d. off
IV. Complete each second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar
meaning to the first sentence. Write between two and five words in each gap.
1. I don’t understand how Tom can stand getting up so early to go jogging. put
I don’t understand how Tom can_____________ up so early to go jogging
2. Why does she continue to have cello lessons if she can’t afford them? on
Why does she____________ cello lessons if she can’t afford them?
3. We can’t wait until we do some experiments in the new lab. forward
We are really _______________ some experiments in the new lab.
4. Your story is not true, is it? up
You _______________, didn’t you?
5. Her lies don’t fool me! through
I can _______________her lies!
6. Harry couldn’t train as he caught the flu. down
Harry________________________, which meant he couldn’t train.
7. The coronavirus pandemic started in March and thousands of people got ill. out
Lots of people got ill when the coronavirus pandemic _____________in March.

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8. The paragraphs in your paper need to be organized better. set

You need to ___________________________in your paper better.
9. When Mary was at university, she couldn’t handle all the work. deal
Mary couldn’t _____________________at university.
10. We don’t think you need to mention that right now. up
We don’t think you need to_______________ right now.

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B_2_GRAMMAR_WORKSHEET_6_ CLAUSES_AND_LINKING_WORDS
I. Underline the correct word.

1. The minister, which/who was appointed just last week, made no comment on the
situation.
2. Isn’t that the spot which/ where the accident happened last night?
3. The human brain, which/ who weighs about 1 400 grams, is ten times the size of a
baboon’s.
4. There are several reasons which/ why I don’t want to see Alan tonight.
5. The new girl in our class, who’s/ whose name is Alexandra, seems really nice.
6. All the people to who/ whom the e-mail was sent replied.
7. April 1st, which/ when we play tricks on people, is known as April Fool’s Day.
8. Harry Hill, who/ whose new series starts tonight, is one of my favourite comedians.
9. A very popular breed of dog is the German Shepherd, which/ who is often used as a
guard dog.
10. Blackpool Tower, which/ that was modelled on the Eiffel Tower, is a very well- known
landmark.
II. Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1. She gave us a lift, which was kind of her.
of It was ____________________ us a lift.
2. The children were so polite that everyone took to them.
such They were _________________ everyone took to them.
3. It was such an appalling event that we’d rather forget about it.
so It was ____________________ we’d rather forget about it.
4. Mary wrote out a shopping lift as she didn’t want to forget anything.
that Mary wrote out a shopping list ____________________ forget anything.
5. Peter left the office early. He wanted to be at the cinema on time.
in Peter left the office early _________________ at the cinema on time.
6. Although she exercises a lot, she’s not very strong.
fact Despite ________________ a lot, she’s not very strong.
7. However hard he tried, he didn’t succeed.
matter He didn’t succeed, _________________ he tried.
8. Despite having looked for it everywhere, Ronald never found his wallet.

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he Even ________________ for it everywhere, Ronald never found his wallet.

9. The electricians are on strike but the BBC is still broadcasting.
spite The BBC is still broadcasting __________ that the electricians are on strike.
10. Tom couldn’t finish the crossword despite really trying hard.
might Try _________________, Tom couldn’t finish the crossword.
III. Underline the correct linking word or phrase.

1. I’ve never been here before as / but my friend has.
2. You can have some friends over, apart from / as long as you play quietly.
3. Afterwards / In conclusion, I think that Mark is the best person for the job.
4. I went to the bank in case / in order to get some money.
5. We took a taxi in short / because we were late.
6. The house is beautiful. In addition to / However, it is in poor condition.
7. I was tired, so / for example I went to bed early.
8. All in all / Although she felt ill, she didn’t call a doctor.
9. Everyone attended the meeting whereas / apart from Steve, who was on holiday.
10. I typed the reports despite / while Joanne interviewed a client.
IV. Write one word in each gap.

Broken bones
Most of us will suffer from a “fracture”, (1) ______ is the medical term for a broken bone,
at some point in our lives. A patient (2) ______ arm, let’s say, is suspected of being broken
will first be given an X- ray. (3) _____ determined the extent of the fracture, the orthopaedic
surgeon will decide on the most effective treatment. For a fracture (4) _____ manipulation
is required, (5) _______ may involve the patient being given a general anaesthetic while
the bone is essentially re-broken. Patients (6) ______ have more serious fractures may
require “fracture fixation”, (7) ______ which pins and rods are connected to the bone to
strengthen it. (8) ______ , for simple fractures, a cast - often (9) _____ out of plaster of
Paris or fibreglass - is all that is required.
(10) _____ a broken upper leg can take anything up to twelve weeks to heal, a broken toe
can heal in just three weeks.

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B_2_GRAMMAR_WORKSHEET_7_GERUND_INFINITIVE
I. Complete each sentence with a suitable form of the verb in brackets.

1. My brother really misses (play) ___________ football barefoot like he used to.
2. I'm sorry. I meant (let / you / know) _______ you about the delay, but I've been busy.
3. Mary failed (pay) ______________ the bills on time again.
4. It's worth (learn) _____________ at least one foreign language.
5. Have you ever thought about (work) _____________ as a nurse?
6. I promise I won't forget (feed) _____________ the fish.
7. We've arranged (meet) _____________ outside the cinema at 5:30.
8. If you've got a headache, try (take) _____________ an aspirin.
9. In case you want to catch an early train, it will mean your (get up) _____________
at 5 a.m.
10. The school does not allow (smoke) _____________ .
II. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use
between two and five words, including the word given.
1. Jack said that he hadn't cheated in the exam. cheating
Jack ..................................................... in the exam.
2. It was impossible for me not to laugh at Mary's letter. help
I ..................................................... at Mary's letter.
3. I'm sorry but you have not been appointed to the post. regret
I ............................................... you have not been appointed to the post.
4. I needed a drink of water and so I entered the restaurant. to
I entered the restaurant ............................................................... water.
5. I think it would be a good idea to take the train. taking
I ............................................................................................ the train.
6. Don't forget the lights when you leave. off
Don't forget .................................................................... when you leave.
7. I think Daniel has forgotten the online meeting. seems
Daniel ......................................................................... the online meeting.
8. My neighbour said he would call the police! threatened
My neighbour ............................................................................ the police.

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III. Complete each sentence with a suitable form of the verb in brackets.
1. Peter couldn't manage (eat) ................................................... all the soup.
2. We've decided (not sell) .......................................... our wardrobe after all.
3. Abigail denied (see) ...................................... Tom at the scene of the crime.
4. Chris pretended (not observe) ................................... the 'No Smoking' sign.
5. I suppose I tend (buy) ........................... more bars of chocolate than I used to.
6. Sometimes I regret (move) ........................................................... to this city.
7. Did you notice anyone (wait) .................................. outside when you came in?
8. Manuel expects (finish) ........................................................... work by 6.00.
9. I couldn’t imagine her (live) .............................................. in a place like that.
10. They required him (fill out) .............................................................. a form.
IV. Complete each sentence with a suitable form of one of the verbs in brackets.
1. Mom was so furious that she ..................... to see the manager of the restaurant.
(demand, hope, risk, stop)
2. The weather is so cold that I don't ................................. going out this evening.
(fancy, like, try, want)
3. The children could hardly ........................................... to say goodbye to their
grandparents after the three months’ summer holiday.
(stand, forget, regret, seem)
4. Jonathan ..................................................... to let his children go to the disco.
(afford, avoid, refuse, stop)
5. If she gives him this information, she ............................ losing her reputation!
(expect, mean, prepare, risk)
6. What does she ............................................. her son to do in five years’ time?
(begin, expect, remember, suggest)
7. Do you ........................................ to tell the police about the missing money?
(admit, confess, deny, intend)
8. I ........................................................................... your trying to help me.
(hope, appreciate, fancy, want)
9. I ............................................................................ the castle to be haunted.
(hope, fail, refuse, imagine)
10. The car ....................................................................................... cleaning.
(hope, want, finish, deserve)

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B_2_GRAMMAR_WORKSHEET_8_ SUBJUNCTIVE
I. Rephrase the following sentences beginning as shown, so that the meaning

stays the same:
1. It is important for everybody to do their best.
It is important that.........................................................
2. I want my book back by the end of the week regardless of whom you gave it to.
Whomever you......................................................................................................
3. John must learn to accept the situation although it is hard.
Difficult..................................................................................
4. I think it is possible that he changed his phone number.
It is likely............................................................................
5. She told them to pick up their books and leave the classroom.
She ordered that..........................................................................
6. I would like you to talk to him personally instead of sending him an e-mail.
I’d rather............................................................................................................
7. You should go to your room immediately, said Dad.
It is high time ..............................................................
8. It would be nice to be able to learn Japanese.
I wish................................................................
9. May the President live a long life!
Long ..............................................
10. Ben prefers me not to say anything about the missing jewellery.
Ben would rather............................................................................
II. Choose the correct answer a) or b).

1. It is essential that she _____ at work in time.
a) be b) is
2. If I _____ you, I would call the police.
a) was b) were
3. It is necessary that every student _____ a uniform.
a) wear b) wears
4. I hope that he _____ his homework by the end of the week.
a) finish b) finishes

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5. The doctors recommended that she _____ a vacation.

a) take b) takes
6. The instructor asks that you _____ early for your interview.
a) are b) be
7. If he _____ feeling better we should go home.
a) were b) was
8. It is important that we _____ home as soon as we come back.
a) call b) called
9. The landlord requested that John _____ out of the house.
a) move b) moves
10. We want the windows _____ washed before Monday.
a) be b) to be
III. Insert the correct form of the verbs in brackets:

1. I wish he __________ (be) able to run faster.
2. If I ________ (be) you, then I would not do that.
3. Mr. Smith recommended that you ________ (join) the meeting.
4. ________ (be) he alive, he would be proud of the consequence of his sacrifice.
5. It is important that you ________ (try) to study more often.
6. Dr. Simpson asked that Jack _________ (submit) his paper by the end of the semester.
7. It’s time the children _________ (go) to bed.
8. Miss Thomas insists that her students ________ (arrive) on time.
9. It's important that Janet _______ (remember) to take her medicine three times a week.
10. Bill spends money as if he _________ (win) the lottery.
IV. Translate the following sentences from English into Romanian:

1. I wish I could get some rest, because I feel exhausted.
2. If only we had some time to go to the mountains this holiday...
3. I'd rather you started working harder every day.
4. The guide suggested that they should take the bus.
5. Grandfather invited his friend over for lunch so that they would talk.
6. Mother took another blanket in case it should be very cold.
7. I wish I didn’t have to leave tonight.
8. John acts as if he knew all the people in the room.
9. I wish they would visit me again this summer.
10. If only I had more help to solve the problem...

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B_2_GRAMMAR_WORKSHEET_9_ MIXED_STRUCTURES
I. Put each verb in brackets into a suitable verb form.

1. I (wait) _________ for you for the past hour! What (you do) __________ all this time?
2. While I (walk) __________to the bus-stop, I realised I (leave) _____________the
cooker on.
3. Why didn’t you phone me? If I (knew) _____________you were ill, I (come)
_____________to see you.
4. Hello, Helen. I (phone) _____________ to ask if you (do) _______________
anything this Saturday.
5. By the time John (become) ____________ heavyweight boxing champion he (win)
_____________ over thirty fights.
6. I (not see) _____________ you for ages. What (you do) _______________ ?
7. Hurry up! I (think) ____________ you (be) __________ ready by now.
8. If I (be) ____________ you, I (not spend) ________________ so much money on
designer clothes.
9. Danny’s train (arrive) ______________ tomorrow evening at 6.00 so we (meet)
___________________ him at the station.
10. Wish me luck! If I (get) ________________ the job, I (let) ___________ you know.
II. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use
between two and five words, including the word given.
1. I’d prefer you not to wear jeans to the office. rather
I’d _____________________ wear jeans to the office.
2. We won’t get there on time without taking a taxi. unless
We won’t get there on time ________________ a taxi.
3. ‘I wouldn’t go swimming after dark if I were you, Tom.’ advised
Alan ____________________ swimming after dark.
4. Although she had twisted her ankle, Jill still won the race. twisting
Jill still won the race, _________________ her ankle.
5. Harry enjoys playing golf more than I do. as
I don’t enjoy playing golf ___________________ does.
6. I regret selling my car. wish
I ________________________________ my car.
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7. Nobody has cut the lawn for weeks! hasn’t

The lawn _________________________ for weeks.
8. It was the best meal I had ever eaten. never
I _________________________ a good meal before.
9. Have you got a smaller size than this? the
Is ___________________________ you have got?
10. A friend is looking after my cat while I’m away. care
A friend __________________ my cat while I’m away.
III. Decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space:

School sports day
Our school sports were held last week, and the whole afternoon was a disaster. For a start,
very (1) _____ people bothered to turn (2) ____, and there is nothing worse than trying to
win a race with only three or four people cheering you on. It rained (3)____ afternoon, from
the moment the first starting pistol (4) ____ fired, until the last medal had (5) _____
presented. I was in the high jump, which meant running up to do my best jump and then
landing (6) _____ a pool of cold muddy water. It was raining (7) _____ hard that we
couldn’t see the runners in the 5,000 metres, and it (8) ___ out that they had all stopped on
the other side of the field to shelter under a tree. My other event was the javelin, but (9) ___
time I tried to throw, the javelin kept slipping from my hand. In (10) ___ case, I couldn’t see
where I was throwing, and when I did finally manage to launch my javelin into the air, it
disappeared in the direction of the railway line, and was never seen again.
1 A little B small C few D rare

2 A up B about C round D over
3 A by B the C entire D all
4 A had B was C has D been
5 A to B had C been D itself
6 A on B at C in D to
7 A so B as C and D very
8 A worked B found C looked D turned
9 A first B in C every Da
10 A this B the C whatever D any

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IV. Look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct, and some have a
word which should not be there. Tick each correct line. If a line has a word
which should not be there, write the word in the space:
A Plastic Ocean: a film review
A Plastic Ocean is a film to make you to think. 0 … to … (the 2nd)
Think, and then act. 00 ... ✓…
We need to take action on our dependence on the plastic. 1. ……………
We’ve been producing plastic in huge quantities for 2. ……………
since the 1940s. Drink bottles, shopping bags, toiletries and 3. ……………
even clothes are being made with plastic. 4. ……………
We live in a world full of plastic, 5. ……………
and only a small proportion is recycled. 6. ……………
What does happens to all the rest? 7. ……………
This is the question of the film A Plastic Ocean 8. ……………
answers. It is a documentary that looks at the all impact 9. ……………
that plastic waste there has on the environment. 10. ……………
(https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/upper-intermediate-b2/a-plastic-
ocean-a-film-review)

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B_2_GRAMMAR_WORKSHEET_10_ MIXED_ STRUCTURES
I. Put each verb in brackets into a suitable verb form.

1. We (wait) ______ for you for the past 20 minutes! What (you do) _______ ?
2. While Mom (head for) ___ the bus-station, she realized she (leave) ____ the cooker on.
3. Why didn’t you tell me? If I (knew) _______ you were ill, I (visit) ________ you.
4. Hi, Diana. I (telephone)________ to ask if you (do) _____ anything this weekend.
5. By the time my uncle (become) ___ a dancer he (win) ___ over twenty competitions.
6. I (not hear from) ___________ you for ages. What (you do) _______ lately?
7. Come on! I (consider) _________ you (be) ______________ ready by now.
8. If I (be) ________ you, I (not spend) _________ so much money on clothes.
9. Danny’s plane (arrive) _________________________ tomorrow morning at 8.00
so we (meet) __________________________ him at the airport.
10. I will keep my fingers crossed! If you (get) ______ the job, (let) ___ me know.
II. Look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct, and some have a
word which should not be there. Tick each correct line. If a line has a word
which should not be there, write the word in the space.
Some of the most biggest and most expensive 00 ……MOST……
transportation projects in the world have involved 0 ……✓…………….
building bridges. Bridges are the crucial links that carry 1. ……………………
cars, trucks and trains across bodies of water, 2. …………………..
mountain gorges or other roads. As of a result, 3. ……………………
they are one of the most important aspects of civil engineering 4. ……………………
and are subject to intense scrutiny, since especially 5. ……………………
when they collapse. Bridge collapses can be tragic events, 6. ……………………
leading to loss of life and a serious property damage. That's 7. ……………………
why bridge engineers, designers and builders must be always 8. ……………………
take their jobs very seriously. The best way for them for to prevent 9. ……………………
these accidents is to understand it why bridges collapse 10. ………………….
in the first place.
(https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/upper-intermediate-b2/why-
bridges-collapse)

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III. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence, using the word given. You must use between two and five words,
including it.
1. I don’t sing as well as you do. better
You ____________________________________________ do.
2. You ought to have your room redecorated. be
Your room _____________________________________ redecorated.
3. The last time I saw Marjorie was before she got married. since
I _______________________________________ she got married.
4. The movie was so sad that I burst out crying. a
It was _________________________________ that I burst out crying.
5. I’ve never flown a kite before. first
This is ___________________________________ flown a kite.
6. ‘You kidnapped the baby, Jennifer, didn’t you!’ said the policeman. accused
The policeman ____________________________________ the baby.
7. It is essential that this e-mail is sent today. must
This e-mail ______________________________________ today.
8.‘Is the bus on time?’ asked one of the people waiting. whether
One of the people waiting wanted to _________________________ on time.
9. My suggestion is to announce the police. better
I think ___________________________________ announce the police.
10. They consider a single gunman carried out the rebellion. considered
A single gunman __________________________ carried out the rebellion.
IV. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence, using the word given. You must use between two and five words,
including it.
1. A year ago we hadn’t even met! last
This _______________________________________ hadn’t even met!
2. Without your help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam. for
If it _____________________________ , I wouldn’t have passed the exam.
3. Nobody knows anything about the whereabouts of the suspect. about
Nothing __________________________ the whereabouts of the suspect.

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4. My parents made me work hard at school. was

I ___________________________________________ hard at school.
5. ‘I’m awfully sorry, Chris, but I’ve broken your window,’ said Jimmy. to
Jimmy ________________________________________ his window.
6. Please see that you lock the door when you go. unlocked
Please don’t _____________________________________ when you go.
7. Unless we go now, we’ll miss the beginning of the movie. if
We’ll miss the beginning of the movie _________________________ now.
8. Do you own these two books? belong
Do ________________________________________________ you?
9. The weather hasn’t been so bad for a long time. has
Seldom ________________________________________ been so bad.
10. I won’t sell my cat, no matter how much you offer me. price
Whatever _____________________________ my cat, I won’t sell it.

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READING

170
B_2_READING_1
HOW THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC HAS SHATTERED THE MYTH OF

COLLEGE IN AMERICA
By Masha Gessen
The promise of college in America is the

promise of a clear path to the future, of a
reward for all the sleep deprivation and soul-
deadening competition of high school, and,
most of all, of instant adulthood. (1/…). It
survived the financial crisis of 2007-08. It
persisted even as more and more young
people moved home after graduation and
never left, because they couldn’t afford to. It
has continued to beckon teen-agers even as student debt came to dominate the lives of their
older siblings and parents. Every year, more people have competed for spots in colleges and
universities, waiting for letters that promised a steady route: arrival at a Disney-Gothic
castle; eight semesters, one of them abroad; two or three summer internships; a festive
launch of a lucrative, or at least secure, career. (2/…) As of April, 2020, none of that is
happening: not the celebrations; not, for many, the college; and, most important, not the
adulthood—at least not as they imagined it.
(3/….) They are usually sitting on their beds, in their childhood bedrooms or in their dorm
rooms on mostly deserted campuses. I know why some of them couldn’t go home: a parent
has had a transplant; a sibling has cystic fibrosis; the family kicked them out for coming out
as gay. (4/….): a student has been sick with COVID-19; another student was living off
campus and working full time but has now been laid off; a student stayed at the college while
two family members were ill; most summer internships and study programs have been
cancelled (and some universities are talking about an online-only fall semester). (5/….). As
a journalist, in recent weeks I have talked to more than a dozen young people whose future
and present have been swallowed up in the fog of the pandemic.
(https://www.newyorker.com/news/us-journal/how-the-coronavirus-pandemic-has-
shattered-the-myth-of-college-in-america)

171
Task 1. In the above text, five sentences or parts of the sentences have been
removed. Below you will find the five removed sentences PLUS one sentence
which doesn't fit. Choose from the sentences (A-F) the one which fits each gap
(1-5). Remember, there is one extra sentence you do not need to use.
A) As a professor, I see my students on Zoom now, in class or during what now passes for
office hours.
B) They waited, too, for the elaborate succession of celebratory events that precedes college:
senior prank, senior skip day, prom, yearbook, graduation, and more.
C) This, in turn, may force a conversation about what the colleges are actually selling.
D)As a parent, I am sharing a house with one college student and one rising freshman,
neither of whom planned to be living with me this spring
E) This is a stunningly resilient myth.
F) I know some of their worries
Task 2. Decide if the following sentences are true or false according to the text.
a) 2020 is a normal academic year for students in America.

b) Not all internships and study programs will be held.
c) All students went home when their colleges closed because of the coronavirus pandemic.
d) For the time being the author shares the house with his children.
e) During the pandemic, some courses will be held on-line.

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B_2_READING_2
BOTSWANA IS EVACUATING BLACK RHINOS AMID POACHING THREAT
A) Battling ongoing flooding, government workers in

northwestern Botswana are racing to evacuate the few
remaining black rhinos in the vast, swampy Okavango
Delta. The effort during recent days to find and move
the rhinos—which has been complicated by
floodwaters that have engulfed area roads—comes
after a surge of rhino killings by poachers in March
that left at least six animals dead.
B) Botswana officials consider the evacuation essential now because they’re increasingly
concerned that poachers are emboldened by the absence of safari tourists in the Okavango
during the coronavirus pandemic, says Dereck Joubert, who with his wife, Beverly, leads the
Botswana nonprofit Rhinos Without Borders, an organization dedicated to relocating rhinos
from poaching hot spots in South Africa to areas believed to be safer in Botswana. Reduced
human presence makes it easier to move around unseen, and last month, six poachers were
killed by law enforcement, according to Botswana’s Ministry of Environment, Natural
Resources Conservation and Tourism.
C) “The Ministry is very conscious that poachers may try to take advantage of the lockdown
and the lack of movement by tourists in remote areas to carry out their illegal activities,” the
Botswana government said in a press statement on April 27, adding that it has been
intensifying anti-poaching surveillance efforts in the past month. Since the country’s
coronavirus lockdown began in early April, no new rhino poaching incidents have been
identified.
D) Across Africa, there are an estimated 20,000 white rhinos but only about 4,500 black
rhinos, which face the possibility of extinction. Both species live in the Okavango, but only
the critically endangered black rhinos are being evacuated to safety. In 1992, Botswana’s last
native black rhino fell to poachers, and since the early 2000s, a small number of the
imperiled animals have been reintroduced into the area from South Africa (some of those

173
with the Jouberts’ help). The Jouberts, who are both National Geographic explorers at large
and also run a number of ecotourism lodges in the Okavango Delta through their company
Great Plains Conservation, estimate that fewer than 20 black rhinos may roam the delta
today.
(https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2020/05/botswana-evacuates-black-
rhinos-amid-poaching-and-coronavirus/)
Task 1. Read the text and answer the following questions:
Which paragraph(s):
1. - give(s) specific details about the actual number of rhinos? __
2. -describe(s) important measures which are to be taken by officials? __
3. -contain(s) information about a couple running a non-profit organization? __/__
4. -mention(s) the death of some animals? __
5. -contain(s) references to wildlife protection organizations? __
6. -mention(s) an overflow of a large amount of water? __
7. -mention(s) the lack of poaching actions? __
Task 2. Decide if the following sentences are true or false according to the
text.
1. Government workers in Botswana are trying to save the black rhinos.

2. Rhinos’ evacuation is not essential.
3. Poachers are trying to take advantage of the absence of safari tourists during the
pandemic.
4. More than 20 000 rhinos face the possibility of extinction
5. There are no black rhinos today, the last one being killed in 1992.

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B_2_READING_3
TWENTY YEARS OF TRACKING NEAR-EARTH OBJECTS

1. ____________
On March 11, 1998, asteroid astronomers around the world received an ominous message:
new observational data on the recently discovered asteroid 1997 XF11 suggested there was a
chance that the half-mile-wide object could hit Earth in 2028. Fortunately, it turned out that
Earth was never in danger from 1997 XF11. Paul Chodas, the director of NASA’s Center for
Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS), can demonstrate this thanks to CNEOS’ precise orbit
calculations using observation data submitted by observatories all over the world.
For the past two decades, CNEOS calculations have enabled NASA to become the world
leader in these efforts, keeping close watch on all nearby asteroids and comets, especially
those that can cross Earth’s orbit.
2. ________________
Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) are asteroids and comets in orbits that bring them into the inner
solar system, within 121 million miles of the Sun, and also within roughly 30 million miles
of Earth's orbit around the Sun. For about 20 years, CNEOS has been NASA’s central hub
for accurately mapping the orbits of all the known NEOs, predicting their upcoming close
approaches, reliably assessing their chances of impact to our planet, and delivering that
information to both astronomers worldwide and the general public.
3. __________________________
The first and most important step in assessing the impact risk of an asteroid or comet is to
determine whether any given object’s orbit will cross Earth’s orbit, and then how close it will
actually get to our planet. A CNEOS system called “Sentry” searches ahead for all potential
future Earth impact possibilities over the next hundred years, for every known NEO. More
recently, CNEOS also developed a system called Scout to provide more immediate and
automatic trajectory analyses for the most recently discovered objects, even before
independent observatories confirm their discovery.
4. ______________________
With the addition of more capable NASA-funded asteroid surveys over the years, NASA’s
NEO Observations Program is responsible for over 90 percent of near-Earth asteroid and
comet discoveries. Although the original Congressional goal from 1998 has been exceeded
and much progress has been made in asteroid discovery and tracking over the past two
decades, the work isn’t over. In 2005, Congress established a new, much more ambitious

175
goal for the NEO Observations Program -- to discover 90 percent of the NEOs down to the
much smaller size of 450 feet, and to do so by the year 2020.
(https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/twenty-years-of-planetary-defense)
Task 1. For each paragraph, choose the most suitable heading from the list
below. There is one extra heading you do not need to use.
A. How a Speck of Light Becomes an Asteroid

B. Mapping the Celestial Hazard
C. More Hunting to Do
D. NASA’s Center for Near-Earth Object Studies Enters Third Decade
E. Predicting Close Approaches and Impacts: Sentry and Scout
Task 2. Decide if the following statement are true (T) or false (F) according to
the text.
1. 1997XF11 hit the Earth ____

2. CNEOS uses observation data submitted by observatories located in the USA ___
3. NEOs are comets and asteroids. _____
4. Sentry can search ahead for all potential future Earth impact possibilities over the next
fifty years. ____
5. The initial goal set more than two decades ago has been exceeded. ____

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B_2_READING_4
ACTIONS SPEAK LOUDER THAN WORDS
1.___________________
One of the most important aspects of doing business internationally is being able to speak
other languages. For this reason, there is a current boom in language learning for business
people. But unless they can speak a foreign language really well, it is best to save it for
socialising.
2.___________________________
But actions speak louder than words, and psychologists say that your body language is much
more important than what you say. Doing the wrong thing, making eye contact, touching,
using people's first names, even how you eat and drink - can all be hazardous for people who
are unfamiliar with certain cultures.
3.___________________________
Cultures are divided into "low context" and "high context". In low context cultures such as
North America, Britain, Sweden and Germany, people say things very plainly, and rely on
clear verbal communication. High context cultures such as France, Japan, Spain, Saudi
Arabia, China and South Korea often use silence or hand signals to communicate, and this
can sometimes be as important as speaking.
4._____________________________
Shaking hands is often the most common form of greeting people, but even this can create
problems. In Japan, people bow to each other. In England, people shake hands firmly - but
not very often – while in places like Italy and France people shake hands all the time but not
as firmly as the English. The Germans and the Danish nod their heads while they shake
hands, as a mark of respect, while people in Mediterranean countries sometimes lean their
heads backwards while doing the same thing.
5.____________________________
People from "low context" cultures tend to look into other people's eyes, but in "high context"
cultures such as the Chinese and Japanese, this can be interpreted as aggressive behaviour.
As a rule, though, close physical greetings such as kissing are not a good idea. For example,
the British kiss each other once, on the right cheek, the French kiss each other twice, first on
the left cheek and then on the right, but in some cultures, especially in the Middle East, they
kiss up to four times and still shake hands!

177
(https://doclecture.net/1-41495.html)
Task 1. For each paragraph, choose the most suitable heading from the list
below. There is one extra heading you do not need to use.
A) The handshake is a universal form of greeting

B) Some cultures communicate by using signals
C) The international business community is busy learning languages
D) Using body language can say much more than words
E) Greeting people with a kiss can create confusion
F) American “openness” can cause offence
Task 2. Decide if the following sentences are true or false according to the text.
1. When doing business internationally is important to speak English.

2. Psychologically the body language is more important than the language itself.
3. In “low context” cultures people rely on oral communication
4. People shake hands differently, depending on their nationality
5. Looking into other people’s eyes is considered normal in “high context” cultures.

178
B_2_READING_5
THE SECRETS TO A LONG LIFE
Although she doesn't know it yet, three-month-old Cecilia has a good chance of living at least
100 years. Not that her parents have discovered the secret to a long life - they just have the
good fortune of being born in Campodimele, a small village of 850 people in Italy. More than
90 people in the village are aged between 75 and 99 - such an astonishing number that the
World Health Organisation sent scientists to the village to investigate. They discovered that
the old people's cholesterol levels were lower than in newborn babies.
The oldest villager of Campodimele, at 99, thinks that hard work as well as taking regular
exercise can help you live longer. A favourite activity among the older people is going to see
the village chickens. A long street and steep paths lead from the village to dozens of stone
chicken houses. Getting there can mean a good hour's walk and sometimes they do this twice
a day. People also think that the villagers' easy-going nature and sense of emotional balance
also helps. Nobody suffers from depression and old people don't get lonely because they live
with their families. Life is unhurried, stress is unknown and traffic has been banned from
the centre of the village.
During the study of the elderly in Campodimele, the researchers found that their blood
pressure moved up and down far less than that of the majority of Italians. Stable blood
pressure helps people live for a long time. But the study also looked at the children and
grandchildren of the elderly and discovered that they also had much lower blood pressure
than the average. This was confirmed by a group from the village who went to live in Canada
in the 1960s. Their blood pressure was also low and this led the scientists to believe that the
secret of why they live so long could be in the Campodimelans' genes. But this is not the
whole answer.
In Campodimele, old people walk for at least two hours daily, eat at the same time each day,
get up at dawn and go to bed at sunset. Baby Cecilia's 93-year-old great grandmother thinks
that eating lots of spring onions is the key to a long life. She eats them raw, dressed with oil,
vinegar and red pepper. Her grandson was so impressed with her recipes that he has opened
a restaurant. The menu is very Mediterranean. There are lots fresh vegetables, beans, wild

179
mushrooms, almost no butter and very little salt. The local specialty is a dish of peas which
is often served with homemade pasta, followed by snails seasoned with pepper, mint and
herbs: the perfect meal for celebrating your hundredth birthday.
(https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/8627933/The-secrets-to-a-long-life.html)
Task 1. Read the article and choose the answer which you think fits best
according to the text.
1. What fact prompted the World Health Organization investigation?

a) The most Italians live so long
b) That old people world-wide had low cholesterol levels
c)That most people in Campodimele were old
d)That there was a surprising number of old people in Campodimele
2. What do the elderly of Campodimele do as a pastime?

a) go and watch chickens
b) sit and talk
c) prepare large meals
d) work very hard
3. What do the elderly of Campodimele not suffer from?

a) traffic accidents
b) transport problems
c) sadness and solitude
d) too much hard work
4.What is a unique feature of all Campodimelans?

a) a restless nature
b) low blood pressure
c) they all have the same genes
d) they have never left the village
5. Which other group did the study investigate?

180
a) the Italian population

b) the Campodimelans’ children and grandchildren
c) Canadians in Italy
d) Mediterranean people
Task 2. Decide if the following statements are true or false according to the
article.
1. Salt and butter are very used in the restaurant mentioned.

2. Cecilia’s parents have discovered a secret.
3. A group of villagers moved to Canada more than 50 years ago.
4. Cecilia will probably live for a long time.
5. The older people in Campodimele frequently suffer from high blood pressure.

181
B_2_READING_6
BIRDSONG HAS RISEN LIKE A TIDE OF HOPE FROM OUR SILENCED

CITIES. IS IT HERE TO STAY?
by Stephen Moss
Lockdown has allowed us a glimpse of how different our cities

could be in a carbon-neutral world. “When a day that you
happen to know is Wednesday starts off by sounding like
Sunday, there is something seriously wrong somewhere. ”[...]
1....
Yet the world’s city centres are not completely silent.
Rising like a tide of hope, from gardens, parks and open spaces, is a surge of sound: the
individual songs of millions of birds coming together to create a very timely and welcome
chorus. 2... From the start of the new year, the days get lighter and the promise of life’s
annual renewal becomes ever more a reality, so the volume, intensity and variety of birdsong
increases. Now – at the end of April and beginning of May – it is reaching its peak.
This spring, for those living in cities in coronavirus-enforced lockdown right the way
across the northern hemisphere, things are very different. 3... And that is the realisation
that there is a parallel world out there. As if to mock us – but also very reassuringly – birds
are simply getting on with what they always do at this time of year: finding a mate, defending
a territory and beginning the long and risky process of raising a family.
Finally, as if a veil has been lifted, people are noticing that – even in the heart of the
so-called urban jungle – nature has found a place to live. We shouldn’t really be surprised,
as cities deliver everything that any wild creature needs: plenty of food (either deliberately
or accidentally provided by us), water to drink and bathe, places to roost and breed, earlier
springs caused by the “urban heat island effect” and, most importantly of all, a huge variety
of habitats squeezed into a small area, from woods to grasslands and rivers to ponds. [...]
As well as the advantage of less hustle, bustle and extraneous noise from traffic and
aircraft, the skies are clearer too, because air pollution has fallen dramatically. 4... The next
step might be to cut light pollution at night: leaving lights blazing in empty offices and other
commercial buildings is not only wasteful, but helps drive the climate crisis. It also seriously
impacts wildlife, especially moths, bats and migrating birds, which can get disoriented by
artificial light sources as they travel by night.

182
My fear is that once the horror is all over, and things return to some kind of normal,
we will simply ignore the lessons we learned during these atypical few weeks and months.
5... If so, are we prepared to make the dramatic changes to our lifestyles, and to the structure
and workings of our cities, which urban wildlife needs if it is to thrive? And if, as a result of
these changes, every day of the week sounds like a Sunday, will we not all benefit?
(https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/may/02/birdsong-has-risen-like-a-
tide-of-hope-from-our-silenced-cities-is-it-here-to-stay-aoe)
Task 1. Five sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the
sentences A- F the one which fits each gap (1- 5). There is one extra sentence
which you do not need to use.
A) In Venice, for instance, the canals are clear and blue for the first time in decades, allowing
fish and birds to thrive.
B) Globally, city wildlife is doing rather well too.
C) Or might we remember how wonderful it was to wake up to an urban dawn chorus,
uncluttered by extraneous noise?
D) It is almost as if a neutron bomb has struck, removing in an instant all signs of human
life, while leaving buildings, roads and other man-made artefacts perfectly intact.
E) Social media, newspapers and TV and radio programmes are alive with another kind of
tweeting.
F) Nothing quite marks the coming of spring more clearly than birdsong.
Task 2. Match the words (1- 6) to their definitions (a- f).

1. artefact ............................ a) a time of great disagreement, confusion or suffering
2. tide ................................. b) the highest, strongest, or best point, value or level of
skill
3. peak ............................... c) an object that is made by a person, such as a tool or
decoration, especially one that is of interest
4. lockdown ....................... d) to make something appear stupid or not effective
5. mock ............................. e) a noticeable change in a situation, or increase in a
particular type of behaviour
6. crisis ............................. f) a situation in which people are not allowed to enter or
leave a building or area freely because of an emergency

183
B_2_READING_7
CULTURAL EXPECTATIONS AND LEADERSHIP
Gabriela worked for a multinational company as a successful project manager in

Brazil and was transferred to manage a team in Sweden. She was excited about her new role
but soon realised that managing her new team would be a challenge.
1. …… Her new staff would question her proposals openly in meetings, and when she
gave them instructions on how to carry out a task, they would often go about it in their own
way without checking with her. When she announced her decisions on the project, they
would continue giving their opinions as if it was still up for discussion.
After weeks of frustration, Gabriela emailed her Swedish manager about the issues
she was facing with her team. 2. …… Gabriela found her manager vague and didn’t feel as if
he was managing the situation satisfactorily.
What Gabriela was experiencing was a cultural clash in expectations. She was used to
a more hierarchical framework where the team leader and manager took control and gave
specific instructions on how things were to be done. This more directive management style
worked well for her and her team in Brazil but did not transfer well to her new team in
Sweden, who were more used to a flatter hierarchy where decision making was more
democratic. When Gabriela took the issue to her Swedish manager, rather than stepping in
with directions about what to do, her manager took on the role of coach and focused on
getting her to come up with her own solutions instead.
Dutch social psychologist Geert Hofstede uses the concept of ‘power distance’ to
describe how power is distributed and how hierarchy is perceived in different cultures. In
her previous work environment, Gabriela was used to a high power distance culture where
power and authority are respected and everyone has their rightful place. 3. …… Her Swedish
team, however, were used to working in a low power distance culture where subordinates
often work together with their bosses to find solutions and make decisions. Here, leaders act
as coaches or mentors who encourage independent thought and expect to be challenged.
When Gabriela became aware of the cultural differences between her and her team,
she took the initiative to have an open conversation with them about their feelings about her
leadership. 4. …… They enjoyed having more room for initiative and creative freedom.
When she told her team exactly what she needed them to do, they felt that she didn’t trust
them to do their job well. They realised that Gabriela was taking it personally when they

184
tried to challenge or make changes to her decisions, and were able to explain that it was how
they’d always worked. 5. …… Gabriela was then able to make adjustments to her
management style so as to better fit the expectations of her team and more effectively
motivate her team to achieve their goals.
(www.britishcouncil.org/learnenglish)
Task 1. Five sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the
sentences A- F the one which fits each gap (1- 5). There is one extra sentence
which you do not need to use.
A. Her manager simply asked her if she felt her team was still performing, and what she
thought would help her better collaborate with her team members.
B. Pleased to be asked for their thoughts, Gabriela’s team openly expressed that they were
not used to being told what to do.
C. In such a culture, leaders make the big decisions and are not often challenged.
D. With a better understanding of the underlying reasons behind each other’s behaviour,
Gabriela and her team were able to adapt their way of working.
E. Despite their friendliness, Gabriela didn’t feel respected as a leader.
F. The manager has a lot of control over what happens, but team members can take the
initiative to do things their way.
Task 2. Match the words (1- 6) to their definitions (a- f).
1) vague ....................... a) to perform or complete a job or activity

2) carry out a task ...... b) unclear, not specific or definite
3) democratic ............ c) a system where members are ranked according to
status or authority
4) a hierarchy ............ d) based on the idea that everyone is equal and should be
involved in making decisions
5) come up with ......... e) be seen or understood in a certain way
6) be perceived .......... f) to think of something such as an idea or plan

185
WRITING

186
B_2_WRITING_TASK_1
You are going with a group of friends to visit Windsor Castle. There will be ten of you
altogether. Write a letter to:
John Smith
The Youth Hostel,
Mill Lane,
Windsor,
to book places for your stay. Tell him how many places you need, how long you are staying,
and which meals you will require.
Write your letter (120-160 words)

187
B_2_WRITING_TASK_2
A letter criticizing tattoos, piercings and modern hairstyles has provoked a storm of protest
in an international student magazine. The magazine has announced that it is looking for
articles entitled:
Personal appearance - a matter of freedom.
Write your article. (120-180 words)

188
B_2_WRITING_TASK_3
You have had a class discussion on modern technology. Your teacher has asked you to write
an essay giving your opinions on the following statement:
Our world would be much better without television.

189
B_2_WRITING_TASK_4
You have had a class discussion on animals and the environment. Now your English teacher
has asked you to write an
essay giving your opinion on
the following statement:
“We should do everything we

can to save animals which
are in danger of
disappearing from our
planet.” Do you agree?
Notes
Write about:
1. The kind of animals which are in danger
2. The reasons for protecting these animals
3. Your own idea
Write your essay (120- 180 words).

190
B_2_WRITING_TASK_5
You recently saw this notice on an English-

language website called Book World.
Reviews wanted!
The best book I’ve recently read
Write us a review of a book you’ve recently read and have been impressed
by. It could be a teenage, drama, adventure, detective or thriller book.
Include information on the author, plot, characters and anything else you
consider worth mentioning.
The best reviews will be posted on the website next month.
Write your review. (120- 180 words)

191
B_2_WRITING_TASK_6
You have seen this advertisement in your local English newspaper.
Round the world trip - Travel Competition

Do you like adventure? Would you like a chance to travel?
We need one more person to join a small group on a trip around the world.
Write to Mrs. Anderson, the organizer of the trip, telling her:
• Why you would like to go on the trip
• What skills you have which would be useful on the trip
• What previous experience you have of travelling (if any).
Write your letter of application. (120- 180 words)

192
B_2_WRITING_TASK_7
You have received this email from your English-speaking friend, Kim.
It’s really kind of you to let me stay at your flat while you’re on holiday. Please could
you let me know how to get the keys? And could you also tell me anything I need to
know about the flat and whether there’s anywhere near that I can buy food and nice I
places nearby that I could visit?
Thanks, Kim
Write your email. (120- 180 words)

193
B_2_WRITING_TASK_8
What was the latest film you have seen?

Write your review (120-180 words) giving details about plot, actors, characters,
setting, awards. Here are some nouns, verbs and adjectives you may use:
Adjectives: excellent, delightful, terrible, exciting, spectacular, shocking,

unforgettable, touching, dull, superb, family-friendly
Nouns: script, actors, main character, scenery, plot, cast, story, role, trailer, empathy
Verbs: absorb, evolve, explore, film, flashback, inspire, personify, uplift, reveal

194
B_2_WRITING_TASK_9
Write about one of your family members or friends. Include information about physical
appearance, personal qualities, personality.
Use the following vocabulary: to bear a striking resemblance to: to look very similar
to, in his/her 30s/40s: to be 20/30 something, complexion: natural skin colour and
texture, slender figure: a figure that is tall and slim, youthful appearance: to look
young
Write your description in about 120 – 180 words.

195
B_2_WRITING_TASK_10
Mark Twain once said: The two most important days in your life are the day
you were born and the day you find out why.
Give your opinion on this statement using relevant arguments and examples to
support it. Write your essay in about 180-200 words.

196
LISTENING

197
B_2_LISTENING_1
I WAS HERE – BEYONCÉ
Task.1 Listen to the following song and fill in the gaps with the right word/
words.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i41qWJ6QjPI&feature=youtu.be
I want to leave my 1. ......................... on

the sand of time
Know there was something that,
something that I left behind
When I leave this world, I'll leave no
regrets
Leave something to remember, so they
won't forget
CHORUS:
I was here, I lived, I loved, I was here
I did, I've done, everything that I wanted
And it was more than 2. ......................................
I will leave my mark, soul, everyone will know, I was here

I 3. ................... say I lived each day, until I died
You know that I, been something in, somebody's life
The hearts I have touched
Will be 4. .................... that I leave
That I 5. ...................................
And this world will see
CHORUS:
I will leave my mark 6. .................................

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I just want them to know

That I gave my all, 7. ..............................
Brought someone some happiness
Left this world a little better 8. ..................., I was here
CHORUS:
I wanna 9. ....................... 10. .........................
I did, I've done
I did, I've done, I was here.
Task 2. Listen to this song again and choose the right answer.
1. When I .............this world, I'll leave no regrets.

a. will leave
b. leave
c. have left
2. Leave something to remember, so they .............. forget.
a. don’t
b. can’t
c. won’t
3. And it was more than I thought it ................ .
a. would be
b. will be
c. might be
4. The hearts I .................. will be the proof that I leave.
a. touch
b. will touch
c. have touched
5. I just want ................ to know.
a. they
b. them

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c. their
6. I gave my all, .....................
a. made my best
b. did my best
c. was my best
7. Left this world .................. better just because I was here.
a. little
b. a little
c. much
8. I did, I've done .................... that I wanted.
a. everything
b. nothing
c. anything
9. And it was ................... than I thought it would be.
a. less
b. more
c. better
10. I wanna ...................... so everyone will know I was here.
a. leave a trace
b. leave my mark
c. leave a trail

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B_2_LISTENING_2
A MINUTE WITH MAXWELL: YOU CANNOT MANAGE TIME
Task 1. Listen to this interview and match each definition/ the synonyms to the
corresponding word. You may want to use the following links:
www.thefreedictionary.com
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_UMa-dRhXgo&feature=youtu.be
1. The skillful or resourceful use of materials, time, etc.,

administration, control, rule, government, running, charge, care, operation,
handling, direction, conduct, command, guidance, supervision, manipulation,
governance, superintendence
2. The technique, practice, or science of controlling or dealing with one’s schedule
3. The action of putting first things first
4. Ignorant, innocent, oblivious, unacquainted, unconscious, unenlightened,
unfamiliar, uninformed, unknowing, unwitting. Idiom: in the dark
5. Involuntary, natural, unconscious, mechanical, spontaneous, reflex, instinctive,
instinctual, unwilled the automatic body functions, such as breathing
6. Elapse, glide by, go by, slide by, slip by, go along, pass, lapse
7. Make the most of, exploit, tap - draw from; make good use of
8. An outstanding and ingenious work, chef d'oeuvre, magnum opus, masterwork
9. To draw near; approach
10. Carry on, persist in, continue to be
a. TIME MANAGEMENT
b. UNAWARE (OF)
c. MAXIMIZE
d. MANAGEMENT
e. KEEP
f. SLIP AWAY
g. COME UP
h. MASTERPIECE
i. AUTOMATIC
j. PRIORITY MANAGEMENT

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Task 2. Listen again and find ten extra words.
I love it when people come up to me and say: "John, could you talk to me about time
management?"
My answer is always the same: "No, I really can't". Now, why do I say no when somebody
wants me to talk about time management? It's very simple indeed. You can't manage time.
My name's John Maxwell, welcome to "A minute with Maxwell" and we’re gonna talk about
this just for another half a minute or so because you see... When you manage something, you
do so to keep it going well. Well, you don't need to keep time going, you only need to watch
it pass. You can be completely unaware of it. You can go to sleep, it doesn't matter anyway.
Time just continually moves. It doesn't need you, it doesn't need me, it just keeps moving
on. We don't need to do time management because there is nothing to manage: it's
automatic, it continually moves. What we really need to do is priority management. With the
time that is continually slipping away from us all, we need to manage our priorities to
maximize the time we have. So, don't manage your time, maximize your time. How? By doing
first the things that are the most important to do at that moment. Make every day your
masterpiece.

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B_2_LISTENING_3
THE SHE-WOLF
Task 1. Listen to the following story and answer the questions.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6hzfEGNoYdg&feature=youtu.be
1. Where did this story happen?

2. What was the name of the woman who lived there?
3. Whom did the woman share her life with?
4. What kind of animals lived in the forest?
5. Where was the dog buried after he had died?
6. What did the she-wolf do after the dog had died?
7. Why did the she-wolf rush at the feet of the chairman's
horse?
8. Why did the woman die?
9. What happened three years after the woman's death?
10. What are the main themes of this story?
Task 2. Listen to the story again and put the following in the correct order.
1. Valentina was persistent and she achieved her goal.
2. The dog pulled the child out.
3. The wolf and the puppies went to the forest.
4. A month later, protecting the house from a bear, the dog died.
5. The packs that had black leaders never attacked people and cattle.
6. At first the chairman resisted her demand.
7. In early spring the dog began to disappear for long periods of time.
8. The she-wolf was weak and did not resist, only whined.
9. She couldn't resist living in the place where the tragedy happened, so she asked the
chairman to appoint her to the place of an elderly forester who had been looking for a
replacement.
10. The chairman restrained in the saddle although he was ready to shoot.

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B_2_LISTENING_4
LIVE A DAY IN THE LIFE OF KING TUT
Task 1. Listen to the story of King Tutankhamen and find the mistakes. Then
write each sentence in the correct order!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULofBtBAJn4&feature=youtu.be
1. The sole of his sandals represented the friends of Egypt,

so that he would always remember them.
2. He became a king at just ten years old.
3. Like all wealthy men and women of the day, he wore
distinct clothes and smelt sweetly of perfumed oils.
4. His reign lasted nine years.
5. His tomb was discovered by the American archaeologist
Howard Carter in 1922.
6. When Carter saw what was inside the tomb he fainted.
7. King Tutankhamen is the most famous Pharaoh in Egypt.
8. He was born over 2 000 years ago.
9. He was a fashionable King and he used to wear black linen clothes.
10. Carter first discovered an item of pottery which made his team continue the diggings
and find the tomb.
Task 2. Imagine you were the ghost of King Tut. Write a narrative-descriptive
composition (of about 180 words) about his/ your former life. Before doing
that, listen again and write down details about.
1. his country - .....................................................................................................

2. when he was born - .........................................................................................
3. how he got dressed - .......................................................................................
4. the length of his reign - ..................................................................................
5. the age when he became king – .....................................................................
6. his teachers – .................................................................................................

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7. what subjects he was taught among others – ................................................

8. how he spent his leisure time – .....................................................................
9. what kind of trees there were in his gardens – .............................................
10. where he was buried – ...........................................................

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B_2_LISTENING_5
ANETTE LARKINS WPTV NEWS INTERVIEW
Task 1. Listen to the interview and say if the following are true or false.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LErLxmp6vcA&feature=youtu.be
1. Anette Larkins says the food in her garden is “the fountain of life”.
2. She started this new lifestyle because she had a younger husband.
3. She wakes up at 8 every morning.
4. Annette Larkins is a vegetarian.
5. Anette Larkins is 70 years old.
6. She has reaped more benefits than she anticipated
7. She juices fruits but not vegetables.
8. All members of the Larkins family eat and drink this
way.
9. Her husband has no regrets about his decision to adopt a different lifestyle and not the
one of his wife.
10. Their two boys are in their 50s.
Task 2. Listen again and match the two parts.
A B
1. As people age, they try to find ways a. how old she is.
2. Because friends and strangers kept b. to preserve their appearance.
asking her questions about her health c. 27 years.
and youthful appearance, d. she decided to publish two “Journey
3. They took sections of the booklet and to Health” booklets and she
4. Annette has been eating completely raw produced a DVD 12 years ago.
for e. translated them into Spanish which,
5. Annette's husband of almost by the way, is her second language.
......................chose to continue to eat the f. her food is unprocessed and
way he did when they were first married. uncooked.

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6. “I've never had plastic surgery” she said, g. 54 years

“but....” h. “Never say never”.
7. You go in front of me because you get all i. fruits, nuts, vegetables and seeds.
the attention and then j. I'll be able to ask the questions.
8. She does not eat any animal products –
9. Her diet consists of
10. Several people ask me

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B_2_LISTENING_6
Watch the following video and do the tasks that follow.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pCGbC67Yp3I
Task 1. Watch the video carefully and fill in the gaps with the words from the
box.
three million fifty million sixty

twenty two million five million
1. Just over ________________________ people live in Scotland.

2. Nearly __________________________ people live in Wales.
3. Northern Ireland is home to just under ______________ people.
4. The population of England is around ________________ people.
5. The Edinburgh festival has celebrated art, theatre and culture for over ________ years.
6. About ___________ percent of Welsh people speak Cymraeg.
Task 2. Answer the questions referring to the information in the video.

1. How old are the Houses of Parliament in London?
2. What are English people like according to the interviewees?
3. Where is Scotland situated and how long has it been part of the UK?
4. What are the unique customs of Scotland?
5. What is one of the most well-known Welsh symbols?
6. What is the culture of Northern Ireland rich in?

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B_2_LISTENING_7
Watch the following video and do the tasks that follow:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpP6HijoB9I&feature=youtu.be
Task 1. Match the words (1- 8) to their definitions (a- h):

1. resources ................... a. stop considering something as a possibility
2. rule something out ..... b. health and happiness
3. carbon emissions........ c. natural substances, e.g. water that are used in
human activity
4. welfare........................ d. farm animals and birds, e.g. cows and chickens
5. clear a forest............... e. carbon dioxide produced by cars, factories, etc.
that harms the environment
6. livestock..................... f. cut down all the trees
7. swap........................... g. harm that will last for a long time or forever
8. permanent damage.... h. exchange one thing for another thing
Task 2. Are the following sentences true or false?

1. Vegans and vegetarians don’t eat meat.
2. Vegans eat eggs and drink milk.
3. Some people choose to be vegans as a way to be healthier.
4. The study says it’s important that we eat more meat to help the planet.
5. A lot of the earth’s water is used for producing meat.
6. Cows produce six per cent of the world’s carbon emissions.

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Level C1

210
VOCABULARY

211
C_1_VOCABULARY_WORKSHEET_1
I. Complete each headline by filling the gap with one of the following words:
BACKS HALT DRAMA FOIL BLAZE
FLARES POISED CLEARED FLAK BID
1. Diego Maradona is about to play for Argentina for the first time.
Maradona _________to make Argentina debut.
2. A football player was in a tense or dangerous situation at an airport.
Football player in airport ____________.
3. Two children have prevented thieves from stealing things from their home.
Children______ burglars.
4. Ten firemen have died in a hospital fire.
Ten dead in hospital ________ .
5. NISSAN have announced they will stop producing a certain car.
Nissan to _________production of model B vehicles.
6. There has been violence in Barcelona.
Violence ____________in Spanish capital.
7. A group of Chinese climbers are attempting to climb Himalaya.
Chinese climbers in new Himalaya _________ .
8. An English politician is found not guilty after a corruption accusation.
Politician ________ of corruption charges.
9. The government is getting criticism over a policy on housing.
Government faces __________over new housing policy.
10. The Prime Minister has expressed his support for school reforms.
Prime Minister________ school reforms.
II. Choose the correct word: accustomed, surprised, awake, baked, lit,
available, asleep, empty, populated, short.
1. The cellar was dimly __________, so we had to take a flashlight with us.
2. My friends have slowly grown ___________to the bad weather that you have at this
time of the year.
3. There are drinks and energy bars freely ___________for all the runners who take part
in the marathon.

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4. Mike and I have been here for a week, but I must say we've been
pleasantly __________by the high quality of the hotel's service.
5. John lies ___________most nights because he always thinks of his ill father.
6. There's not much going on during the off-season and most of the hotels are
standing __________.
7. The noise downstairs keeps my guests from falling ___________ most nights.
8. This part of Canada is not a really densely___________ area.
9. Every morning Susan can get freshly ___________bread and rolls in the shop.
10. There are so many activities in the camp that you never run ___________of things to
do.
III. For each sentence, choose the best word to fill the gap.
1. Goteborg is found on the west____ of Sweden. beach/coast/shore coast.
2. I'm sorry John! Can you repeat that? I didn't ____ what you said. listen/hear/feel
3. Helen ____ me yesterday that she is getting married in the summer. told/said/spoke
4. Do you think I could ____ $100 from them until next weekend? borrow/lend
5. He had an all-expenses-paid business ____to New York last autumn. It was wonderful!
holiday/trip/travel/vacation
6. Hi, my friend! I was wondering if you could ____ my pet for a week while I am away on
vacation. look for/look after/look up
7. If your friends don't run now, they will certainly ____ the last train. lose/miss
8. This programme about dinosaurs is very ____. interesting/interested
9. The jacket looked horrible on him! _____________, he still bought it.
however/despite
10. This holiday, they are going to ____ a house up at the lakes. Do you want to join them?
hire/rent
IV. Fill the gap in each sentence to complete the phrasal verb.
1. It was a lie – she made the whole story ____
2. Give me a few more minutes, please; I need a while to look ____these papers I've just
received from head office.
3. She is not trying to put you ____buying it, but the price is very high.
4. It was cloudy and raining in the morning but it cleared ____ before lunch time.
5. They asked him to resign because he simply didn't fit ____ with their team.

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6. In my opinion, money really brings ____ the worst in people – greed, jealousy and
envy.
7. If your friend wants to go to Regent Street, he should take the number 51 bus and
get ____ at the Oxford Circus stop.

8. Tom and Dave no longer do business together. They fell ____ over money and have
stopped speaking to each other.
9. I've been meaning to fix that broken tap for ages but I just never seem to get ____to
doing it.
10. He asked her to marry him but she turned him ____

214
I. Choose the correct word or phrase.

1. I had to stand in tail/line/order/queue for an hour to get tickets.
2. The post office is open a day/daily/daytime/ day from 9 to 4.
3. Many animal species today are risky/endangered/ in risk/danger.
4. He arrived/entered/appeared/emerged on stage only in the first scene.
5. Are there any tickets left for tonight's pride/fame/regard/performance?
6. He soon made a reputation/pride/regard/fame for himself on stage.
7. There is a bomb in the garden. It can explode /erupt/crash/break out at any moment.
8. The soldiers had wandered/run/hiked/marched for two days until they finally reached
the village.
9. Why are you in such a bad desire/mood/glad/feeling? It's a lovely day today.
10. That's a nice dress you're wearing. It goes/wears/matches/suits you perfectly.
II. Fill the gap in each sentence to complete the phrasal verb.
1. His sister is being bullied at school. Older girls are picking …….. her.
2. Your manager is arrogant and conceited. He looks ……..on everyone in the office.
3. Please don't let me ……..by coming late again. I'm really depending on you this time.
4. John always shows new employees ……..the company on their first morning.
5. I'm sorry, I can't hear you. Could you speak …….. a little, please?
6. Stop criticising your sister! You're always putting her ……..with your comments.
7. In a recent survey, it was found that most managers' time is taken ……..with paperwork
and writing reports.
8. Come on, cheer ……..a little - don't be so miserable! Life's fun.
9. Mark pointed …….. a few things to us that we hadn't noticed.
10. Hellen has given Sue Swinson the task of sorting …….. the problems with those new
customers; she has a lot of experience with that type of thing.
III. Complete each sentence with a word formed from the word in capitals.
1. Children _________ their clothes very quickly. GROW
2. I make use of _________ websites when shopping online. COMPARE
3. Though expensive, the _________ tour they took in London was worth every penny.
GUIDE

215
4. Experts expect these _________ weather conditions to continue until the end of the
week. STORM
5. The _________ recommended intake of Vitamin D varies from country to country.
DAY
6. _________ , local police are saying the people they see sleeping on the streets have
mental issues. INCREASE
7. In _________ , I would like to congratulate your daughter on her graduation. ADD
8. He decided to _________ the offer I gave him. CONSIDER
9. That new Institute fights against _________in movies and literature.
CENSOR
10. Young children are so _________ when it comes to painting and drawing. CREATE
IV. Look at the list of words below. Try to select the correct ones to fill the
spaces:
swim, drive, count, stand, hold, climb, pull, try, fly, drop
1. The very tight election was only decided after the fifth ______when the challenger
accepted defeat by only 38 votes.
2. I had hoped the sore muscle was just a strain but the physio confirmed that it was
a _______.
3. A touchdown in American football is the equivalent to a ______in rugby.
4. Our company was really helped when we managed to get a _______at the local trade
fair.
5. There is a _________in the room. It has been buzzing around annoying me for more
than an hour.
6. It is illegal to put any type of pressurised gas container in luggage which will be put into
the _________of an aircraft.
7. After lunch, I went for a ________in the lake, but the water was too cold.
8. We had a recruitment _______at my local sailing club and eventually signed up more
than twenty new members.
9. You need hardly any of that lotion on your hands - just a ________.
10. Getting to the summit from where we had started in the morning involved
a _________of about 8000 feet in total.

216
I. Choose the correct word:

1. The doctor gave him a prescription/recipe for medicine to help his cough.
2. The doctor is concerned about/with the appearance of a new virus.
3. Everybody knows that smoking is one of the reasons/causes of heart disease.
4. If she climbed the stairs instead of always taking the lift, she would get
more gymnastics/exercise.
5. You should breathe/breath deeply when you exercise.
6. You'd better remember/remind him to take his medicine now.
7. He has bruised his foot/leg badly below the knee.
8. Unfortunately, I put on /took on a lot of weight while I was studying for my exams.
9. We agreed /rehearsed to meet in the corridor in front of the office.
10. Our school offers a wide alternative/range of subjects.
II. Choose the correct colour idiom to fill the space in each sentence. You may
need to make some changes to the idioms to put them in the sentences
correctly.
see red, black sheep of the family, out of the blue, tickled pink, green with
envy, caught red handed, have green fingers, in the red, white lie, blue-eyed
boy
1.They had been getting along fine for years, then ________ Susan tells him she wants a
divorce. He has never been so surprised in all his life.
2. My cousins cannot afford to go on that holiday anymore. Their bank account is________
and their bank manager isn't the most flexible of people.
3. Our neighbours have found the town's infamous statue vandal. He was ________
spraying paint on the statue of the town founder, Marshall Higgins, at about 2 am last
night.
4. Her husband is always considered the________ but he has never actually done much
wrong. I think his sister is worse!
5. He, on the other hand, has always been considered the________ and his mother thinks
he can't do wrong!

217
6. When the people continued to smoke in the restaurant which is very much non-smoking,
he________ and said something to them. They stopped immediately!
7. If we tell our father that we got the money off a friend, it's not being very dishonest, is it?
It would just be a ________ .
8. We told our neighbours about it this morning and I think they were a bit jealous. Mrs.
Riley, in particular, was________!
9. Wayne and I got five numbers on the lottery last week and won $10000! Wayne is
absolutely ________ saying we can get the new car now instead of waiting for next year.
10. When we arrived at this house, it was a jungle in the garden but Peter has
always________ and had it looking like the gardens of a palace within six months.
III. Fill the gap in each sentence to complete the phrasal verb.
1. Our neighbours are so noisy. We have to put ____with loud music and other noise every
night.
2. I'm tired. I need to take a few days ____work.

3. I arrived at about three o'clock but Paul didn't turn ____ until half past five.
4. Burglars broke ____our house last week.
5. Negotiations between the two sides broke ____after just two hours.
6. I put his shyness ____to his sheltered childhood.

7. Can you slow ____ a little, please? I can't write it all down when you speak so quickly.
8. You can't rely on him. He's let me ____so many times.
9. I'll drop the books ____at your place tomorrow.
10. You'd better call a plumber. The heating system has broken ____ again.
IV. Complete each sentence with a word formed from the word in capitals.
1. My friend wanted to __________me but I was faster. RUN
2. The book, like the movie, presents the anxiety and __________ pains of teenagers in
1980s Paris. GROW
3. I had a __________ night's sleep. My back was hurting and the storm outside made
such a noise. REST
4. Last night on TV there was a __________of the new shows planned this fall. VIEW
5. That natural syrup has a very fruity flavour to it and a __________after-taste. I really
like it. PLEASE

218
6. The government announced that it was working on a solution to

the __________problem. HOUSE
7. David Baron's latest crime thriller ends with an __________final chapter that keeps
you guessing. INTRIGUE
8. I couldn't stop laughing when I saw the __________on TV last night .ADVERTISE
9. The opening of this new restaurant should satisfy the __________ of local Indonesian
food fans. SOPHISTICATED
10. His only hope of surviving was a heart __________. PLANT

219
I. Choose the correct word:

1. It was imperative for the authorities to succeed/ localize/spread/define the epidemic.
2. John’s efforts, though futile, are still refined/intimidated/commendable/pious.
3. To me friendship is a (n) precious/insignificant/obscure/costly thing.
4. He was reserved by nature, even cordial/morose/approachable/amiable.
5. Misuse of the world's resources is one of the burning/heating/firing/boiling issues of our
times.
6. That was an act of epic price/location/validity/valour.
7. What he did to support our cause was a small but insignificant/stout/indecent/obvious
gesture.
8. The vegetation on the island was exuberant/luxurious/overcast/ingenious.
9. He was regarded as the most dense/daring/extensive/imaginary of contemporary
writers of fiction.
10. Ronald had the concern/chivalry/regard/audacity to blame his teachers for his failure.
II. Fill the gap in each sentence to complete the phrasal verb.
1. If you want to arrive before lunch you should set ____straight after breakfast. It's a
four-hour drive.
2. Mark and Barbara split ____ last year. They're now going through a divorce.
3. John took a pencil and edited the text by crossing ____all the unnecessary sentences.
4. Andrew could run ____ a year’s salary in a week if you let him.
5. Simon and Helena have broken ____. They'd been together for five years.
6. My car's not as reliable as it used to be – it's always breaking ____.
7. The fire brigade needed more than six hours to put ____ the blaze.
8. I'm clever, sharp and creative. I'm always coming ____with new innovative ideas.
9. The restaurant manager had to deal __________ an unusual complaint.
10. John always tries to call ____ his friends when they’re ill.

220
III. Put the correct weather-related idioms into the box in each sentence,
paying careful attention to the form.
rain on someone's parade it never rains but it pours

under a cloud hot under the collar
blow hot and cold any port in a storm every cloud has a silver lining
head in the clouds storm in a teacup get wind of something
1. He only touched her new car and she went crazy. She is over-protective of it and made a
real ______________.
2. Sue has been ______________ ever since she was caught cheating in the exam.
Everyone looks at her strangely and it will take her a long time before she is trusted again.
3. If you are feeling a bit ______________go and have a walk around the block, get some
fresh air and try to calm down a bit.
4. First the bank sent us that rude letter about our loan, then the house got broken into, then
this morning John lost his job! ____________
5. She can never tell what mood he is going to be in. He always _____and she has to be
really careful around him.
6. When Jack lost his job three years ago, he felt so depressed but it is true
that ______________; he started his own business and has been happier ever since.
7. Sam and Susan have hardly any money. They will have to accept any job they offer them
because they need to money desperately. They have to accept _____________
8. Michael was so happy about the new model car that he had finished but his wife turned
round and really ______________saying it was just a toy for kids.
9. I never knew about the chance of a new job at all. I only_________ from Kathy who had
overheard the managers talking at lunch in the staff canteen.
10. His sister always has______________- a real dreamer who finds it difficult to accept
the mundane in life. She is a typical teenager!
IV. Complete each sentence with a word formed from the word in capitals.
1. Many of the buildings are considered to be ______ and will be torn down by the end
of the year. SAFE
2. The football team have been preparing for the ______ . FINALS

221
3. They have lost all ______ for this concert, I'm finding it boring, too. Can we go?
ENTHUSE
4. You don't respond well to positive ______, which is only made to help you. CRITIC
5. Your friends said that the show would be great, but I found it ______ and was bored
by the end. EXCITE
6. What your aunt said made me ______ my strategy. THINK
7. It is the bride's father who ______ pays for a wedding. TRADITION
8. The leader of the trade union campaigned ______ for re-election. In the end he was
beaten by 12 points. SUCCESS
9. Young people with ______ have been campaigning for better access to public
buildings. ABLE
10. When my brother-in law heard what the company was paying he accepted the job
without ______ . HESITATE

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I. Circle the correct word.

1. The surgery can only go ahead if the girl’s parents consent / submit to it.
2. In Romania, prisoners are not entitled / exempt to vote.
3. Colonel Black commands / intimidates over 2,000 people.
4. They need to plan carefully to eliminate / prohibit all risks of damaging the car.
5. Ceausescu brought many changes during his time as dictator / monarch.
6. It’s one thing having this order, but unless the staff enforce / reinforce it, it’s a waste
of time.
7. I don’t think I’ll ever master / reign snowboarding.
8. The principal has tried to bully / conquer them into doing the volunteering well.
9. They don’t have the aggression / authority to order me anything.
10. They didn’t realize that there would be some controversy / unrest in the decisions
they had taken.
II. Complete using the words in the box.
•benign • former • inferior • mainstream • master •reluctant

• society • subjective • superior • vulnerable
1. G. Bush, …………………….. President of the United States, arrived in Romania on Monday.

2. I can’t tell her she is doing wrong because she is the chief and she’s …………………………….
to me.
3. She was ……………………………. to help Ben, but she had no choice.
4. You don’t like the project but it is just your …………………………. opinion on the matter.
5. They must do all they can to help those who are in a ……………………………. position.
6. Each department is controlled by a …………………………., who is part of the company.
7. I am not ……………………………….. to you. I’m just as clever as you are.
8. I don’t care about what ……………………………. thinks when I leave my hometown.
9. After months in small political parties, Ben gradually became more interested in
…………………………. politics.
10. A president might appear …………………………., but you can’t say when they start behaving
badly.

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III. For each question, fill the space in the sentences using the base word given
in bold at the end.
1. People often make a ________ between London and New York. compare
2. This documentary________ as a series of images about dolphins, which were given
two years ago. origin
3. There are ________ stations across Europe that use solar energy. powerful
4. If she weren’t so ________ of Tom, she’d be happier to have fun together. critic
5. Isn’t it ________ how Mary always comes to work looking so neat? intrigue
6. Scientists say a glass of warm milk before bedtime can result in a more ________
sleep. rest
7. They say that the daily recommended ________ of Vitamin C varies a lot. take
8. Price comparison is ________ used when we shop online. most
9. I’ve lost all ________ for this concert. I’ve got a terrible headache! enthuse
10. He has been training with the Ski _____________ Centre for many years.
mountain
IV. Insert the following phrasal verbs into the correct box: run over, show up,
go along with, pull through, figure out, take off, give in, talk down to, put on,
look for. You may also need to change the form of the verb.
1. I looked for my books everywhere but I couldn’t ________where I put them.
2. I ________Ben at the meeting but I couldn’t see him.
3. After Mary stopped going to the gym she ________some weight.
4. I ________a dog when I went shopping.
5. More than 200 people ________for the news conference.
6. Our plane ________two hours late because of bad weather.
7. My son drove me crazy about buying him a brand-new bike, so I finally ________.
8. They have a lot of financial difficulties at the moment but she is sure they’ll ________ .
9. You shouldn’t ________her like that. You’re not her master.
10. What a splendid idea! I am happy to ________it.

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I. Complete with one suitable word.

A source told 1)________ Daily Star: “Producers are looking at ways of 2) ____ it work.
The current 3) ____ is to fly crew and contestants out to Majorca two weeks before filming
starts and then isolate 4) ____.
"But even with these 5) ____, insurance companies won’t offer cover.
“ITV can’t do the series 6) ____ insurance. If the series is airing and even just one person
tests positive for the 7) ____, the whole 8) ____ would have to be shut down
immediately.”
A 9) ____ for the show declined to comment.
It comes after ITV boss Kevin Lygo revealed the show was close to 10) ____ cancelled.
(https://www.thesun.co.uk/)
II. Complete using the correct form of the words in the box.
* attribute * determine * fluctuate * foresee *gamble

*meander * mutate * pick * startle * wobble
1. The girl claimed to be able to …………. the future, but I knew she was only guessing.
2. As I was a fool, I decided to ………… everything on the turn of one card.
3. It has proven that the genes have …………….., causing her eyes to be blue.
4. Following the evidence, the accident was ……………. to chance.
5. When she broke the cup, it really …………… me.
6. A shop’s profits might………….from month to month, but you can be sure they will never
have enough money.
7. Police have yet to …………… what caused the car accident.
8. When the chair started to ………..I realized that there was an earthquake.
9. Is there a winning system that can help you ………… the right number?
10. As the water gets closer to the sea, it begins to ……………… across southern lands.
III. Fill the space in the sentence using the base word given in bold at the end.
1. Educational documentaries like these are very ________ for young children. stimulate
2. Susan insisted on her bike being ________ by her dad to stay faster. modify

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3. I am looking for a ________ builder who will be able to fix this bench and tell me how
much it’s worth. repute
4. Thomas More was a reputable scientist until his main two theories were completely
________. proof
5. My boss’ ________ is somewhat known in this business. notorious
6. What a strange ________ ! I could have sworn there was someone there. occur
7. I made a recipe that________ only fresh and organic food and I could only use
fructose. corporate
8. You’re the manager. You have the responsibility for us all. You’re not ______. account
9. She looked at me in ________ when I told her I’d seen a black cat in the living room.
believe
10. Water has a ________ influence on us all. warm
IV. Find some phrasal verbs to fill the spaces in the following sentences. Use
them in the correct form:
STAND ABOUT, LAY OFF, MAKE OUT, DRAW OUT, STAND DOWN, MAKE
OFF, ADD UP, KEEP OFF, PULL OUT, FIND OUT
1. First he buys the chocolate, then the theatre tickets. Then he gets all embarrassed when
we ask about Susan. It all ___________ to them two going out.
2. Miles was three hours late and we had to __________ in the cold waiting for him.
3. Try and ___________ the meeting as long as possible because we don’t have the final
draft yet!
4. Ben ___________ of the Romanian Olympics after the injury he had had that summer.
5. Because of this economic downturn, they may have to ___________ up to 50 people.
6. He never ___________ about his wife’s bank account until well after their divorce.
7. The man got a lot of women to lend him money by ___________ he represented a film
company.
8. The man ___________ with all the money he had been given by all those women.
9. The affairs caused the resignation of all the directors and eventually, even the manager
___________.
10. ___________ all fatty foods for a few months to get in a better shape than you are now.

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I. Complete with one suitable word.

Worried owners say they have waited since March 14 for the 1) ___ they could reopen but
now May 11 is approaching, they claim slashed occupancy on the terraces will mean 2) ___
customers, less 3) ___ and not enough income to 4) _____ staff, rent, services and for any
partitions which may be needed.
Spain’s Prime Minister has ruled that bars and 5) ___can open their terraces with strict
security 6) ___ , followed by the interiors in a few weeks’ time.
Both spaces will have severe limits on the number of 7) ___ , with capacity cut by 70 per
cent or the 8) ___of one in three tables.
Hospitality of Spain, which represents 330,000 businesses, says the 9) ___ will lead to the
10) ___ of 30 per cent of them.
II. Fill in with the correct form of one of the following phrasal verbs:
1. CALL OFF
2. CATCH ON
3. CARRY OFF
4. CALL AFTER
5. CHIP AWAY
6. CATCH UP
7. CHEER UP
8. CARE FOR
9. CALL UP
10. CASH IN
1. They don’t want to ____ the football match now. A lot of people have already bought
tickets.
2. They decided to name their son Ben, after the husband’s father, even though the wife
wanted to ____ him ____her brother Thomas.
3. My grandfather was ____into the army when he was only 18.
4. With land prices so high now, you should ____on your land before they drop again.
5. My mum is a type of nurse. She ____elderly people at a residential senior house.
6. I need to ____to what my manager is doing behind my back. I don’t want to get in
trouble!

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7. The 2 men who robbed the store were chased by the police, but they still managed to
____ it ____.
8. Each air crash ____at the public’s reliance in the airlines.
9. Seeing that I have the day off today, I will ____on left aside chores.
10. ____! You don’t have to be that miserable!
III. Fill in with a correct form of the bolded word:
Early scenes in County Sligo capture the 1) SUFFOCATE ____ aspects of small-town life,
with Sarah Greene superb as Connell’s mum (who is Marianne’s mother’s 2) CLEAN
____). While Connell at first hides his relationship with Marianne from friends -
Marianne’s 3) PITY ____ acquiescence reeking of deep damage- the tables turn as he
struggles and she thrives at Trinity College Dublin.
Some elements jarred. Marianne’s supposed transformation from Plain Jane to University
Goddess was hampered by Edgar-Jones’s obvious 4) GORGEOUS ____. 5) WHERE
____, elements of Connell’s working-class background felt more box ticked than 6)
CREDULE ____, while Marianne’s absurdly 7) LUXURY ____ Trinity 8) STYLE
____ made you question how she ended up going to the same school as Connell.
Nevertheless, Normal People emerged as a 9) NATURE ____ masterclass in emotional
depth and cerebral elegance. While there were too many 10 ) EXTEND____ romantic
scenes, they were true to the book.
IV. Choose the right antonym:

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1. Condemn D. reproach
A. pardon E. notice
B. rebuke 7. Cloud
C. reprimand A. obfuscate
D. scold B. languish
E. admonish C. respond
2. Encumber D. clarify
A. facilitate E. reproach
B. dedicate 8. Assert
C. storm A. purchase
D. obstruct B. bid
E. pronounce C. recant
3. Hydrate D. mend
A. disenfranchise E. renege
B. desiccate 9. Announce
C. dilute A. punish
D. deny B. demote
E. approve C. depart
4. Mollify D. abscond
A. limit E. venerate
B. decrease 10. Acclaim
C. enrage A. prevaricate
D. permit B. berate
E. spare C. regurgitate
5. Indulge D. cheer
A. disgrace E. excoriate
B. dismiss
C. repel
D. acquire
E. abstain
6. Encourage
A. abuse
B. approach
C. warn

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I. Choose the most suitable word to complete each sentence:

1. The preparations for tomorrow’s festivities are on………. according to the local
authorities.
a) full swing b) progress c) target
2. The disease proved so………………that it rapidly spread all over the world.
a) nagging b) severe c) contagious
3. After intensive study, Fiona passed the examination with…………..colours.
a) flying b) fleeting c) bright
4. The annual tuition ……………………..can be paid either in full or in instalments.
a) fees b) taxes c) prices
5. Advertising by …………….of mouth proved to be extremely effective in this case.
a) way b) means c) word
6. Honest people are a(n) ……………breed in business and politics.
a) rare b) scarce c) unavailable
7. Abandoned on the deserted island, he was able to survive against all………..
a) chances b) odds c) hopes
8. We manage to………………………the generation gap by getting our students to assist old
people.
a) bridge b) weld c) fix
9. After such a …………………. feud over the land, they won’t be able to make up for years.
a) strong b) sour c) bitter
10. He was obliged to report to his probation…………………….. on a weekly basis.
a) policeman b) officer c) guide
II. Use the words in capitals to form a word that completes the sentences.
1. The………….pressure is measured with a barometer. ATMOSPHERE
2. There was…………………………in her eyes when she saw them sleeping APPROVE
3. The house she bought was………………………….., but the surrounding area was absolutely
picturesque. INHABIT
4. The walls of the house were……………… and one could see large cracks in the walls.
COLOUR
5. Minority groups are in a ……………. position, we have to admit this. ADVANTAGE
6. The results will be seen only after the………………………of the project. COMPLETE
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7. ……………………….has been on the rise since the beginning of the year. EMPLOY
8. Opening times and …………………fees have recently changed for many museums. ADMIT
9. The lyrics provide a fascinating…………………….into the human soul. SIGHT
10. I see they finally got down to ………………..the road to my home town. WIDE
III. Fill in the gaps with words from the list to form idioms/fixed phrases.
reinvent, pay, full, test, whim, second, wet, heart, law, time
1. We decided, more or less on a…………, to leave our jobs and start our own business.
2. I hope you're not having ……..…thoughts about getting married.
3. Don't invite Monica to the party. She's such a………. blanket that she'll probably just
complain the whole time.
4. Poor Lucy really cried her ……………..out during the funeral service.
5. Whenever children are ………of beans, I ask them to go out and play in the back yard.
6. We had a whale of a ………… on holiday, especially when we went to the theme park.
7. A ‘rob Peter to ………. Paul’ approach is not the solution to our financial problems.
8. The recent price war among oil companies was governed by the ……….. of the jungle.
9. We don't need to ………. the wheel, we just need to find someone who already knows
how to make the system work.
10. The films produced nowadays don’t seem to stand the ……..of time.
IV. Complete the sentences by putting one word in each space:

1. We were told to ……………..our seatbelts as we were about to land.
2. Of course I would rather travel …………….class whenever I could afford it- it’s much
more comfortable.
3. ……to the recent flooding, some of the roads have been severely damaged.
4. The meeting seemed to have been………………on for ever.
5. He does nothing all day but watch TV. He’s a…………….potato.
6. Don’t take it for………… that your brother will always help you.
7. If you ……….. across my glasses while you’re tidying the room, please let me know.
8. I’ll……..you in on a secret- she’s not ill, she’s away on holiday.
9. Could you…………..after the baby while I take a nap?
10. If you help me now, I promise I’ll make it……to you later.

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1. The future of the eco-friendly transportation belongs to the…………-powered vehicles.
a) nuclear b) solar c) diesel
2. The company’s motto………………the policy of its owners.
a) reflects b) proves c) infers
3. Going out for a walk will ………….you a lot of good when you are upset.
a) benefit b) gain c) do
4. The average weekly ……………… describes the amount of money that a particular worker
earns each week.
a) wage b) salary c) profit
5. Employers may ask for a list of …………….. with a job application.
a) endorsements b) approvals c) references
6. If there is any hope of ……………………..this deadline, we have to work overtime all week.
a) meeting b) reaching c) getting
7. Our city has received a government………………. to build a new hospital for the residents
of the area.
a) grant b) award c) raise
8. If you accept this……………………….., you will have to work overtime.
a) occupation b) employment c) job
9. The culprit got away because of the investigators’ numerous……………
a) blunders b) tasks c) decisions
10. She was on the……………… of fainting when he entered the room.
a) edge b) verge c) point
1. He has been……………………….for a long time, no wonder he’s been so depressed lately.
EMPLOY
2. We are here to help, not to pass ……………………… JUDGE
3. …………………….., I found my old school uniform while I was cleaning out the attic.
COINCIDENCE
4. The article published in yesterday’s issue of your paper was terribly………………
ACCURATE

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5. It is …………………….for people to bring flowers to the bride. CUSTOM

6. Her…………………..that everybody would eventually come proved entirely wrong. ASSUME
7. His ………………….in that particular domain of research made the board hire him. EXPERT
8. While climbing the ladder I felt a very………………….odour coming from the attic. AGREE
9. The man was convicted to 25 years in prison, which was a terrible……………..of justice.
CARRIAGE
10.I find her habit of staring at people without blinking rather………………….. NERVE
III. Fill in the gaps with words from the list to form idioms/fixed phrases.
fit, eye, breaking, down, hand, lip, down, pet, long, tongue
1. She knew there was a heavy price to pay for …………..the mould.
2. All this hard work will be worth it in the ……………… run.
3. My grandmother’s 89, but she’s as …………. as a fiddle.
4. Election losers are generally expected to keep a stiff upper ……………. and not let their
disappointment show.
5. Carol has volunteered to supervise her classmates while the teacher was away, that’s why
they call her the teacher’s ……...
6. I know this area like the back of my…………….
7. I bit my ……………. and decided not to get involved in the argument.
8. I proposed to pay a ……………payment of €100 and the remainder the next week.
9. For a film star like him, I find him incredibly …………… to earth and modest about his
success.
10. My sister-in-law and I don’t always see………. to eye but we do our best to get along.

1. Reading ……….. the lines, I am sure she feels very disappointed.
2. If you keep ………… nagging me, I will have to put my foot down.
3. I couldn’t understand the play we saw last night. What did you make….it?
4. Like it or not, all family members have to do the ………….. chores.
5. I suppose that only time will……… if our decisions have been the right ones.
6. The director spoke on……………of all the staff and thanked Mr. Gardner.
7. Unemployment is …………the increase and the situation requires immediate action.
8. He was given the ……. for incompetence and insubordination.
9. Since retiring I’ve taken……. gardening as a hobby.
10. I feel very wronged when I’m …………..off for something I haven’t done.

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1. The temperatures reach 40˚C in the…………………..during the summertime.
a) shadow b) cover c) shade
2. The bus………………to our school has almost doubled recently.
a) fare b) price c) cost
3. There is something strange…………..this woman.
a) with b) about c) at
4. I couldn’t……………………..my parents to let me go on the trip.
a) persuade b) make c) suggest
5. One of the tigers at the circus got…………last night.
a) loose b) lost c) free
6. He gets a good………….from his work.
a) wage b) income c) earning
7. She has always been extremely………..to criticism.
a) sensible b) touchy c) sensitive
8. ………………………the steps to the back door of the house.
a) pay attention b) mind c) consider
9. I’m sorry I mistook your bag …………………. mine.
a) for b) with c) as
10. I was not………………..enough to ask the boss for a rise.
a) fearless b) bold c) stubborn
1. The minimum ………………. to be considered for the job is to have one year of experience in
the field. REQUIRE
2. It was she who had this …………………………idea. FARCE
3. The …………………..on old the document was scarcely visible. SIGN
4. The silence that followed his angry retort was ……….., we all remained stiff. EARTH
5. The woman’s shrill voice was…………………………… Meg’s. MISTAKE
6. The business………………………couldn’t be carried out. TRANSACT
7. We bought a new apartment because we needed more……………………….space. STORE
8. ……….behaviour is to be put down to lack of education as well. SOCIAL

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9. That pass……………..him to get inside the fortress. ABLE

10. I have to ………………..the chicken before cooking it. FROST
III. Fill in the gaps with words from the list.

doomed, comprehensive, spare time, prickly, academically, accomplished, feasible,
rumbling, shrill, counterfeit
1. Martha Graham is considered the most ………………American dancer of the 2oth
century.
2. Their plan seemed……………..to failure from the very beginning.
3. Our project will supply transparent and ………………..information on the labour
market for the north-eastern region of the country.
4. My tumble dryer is making a ……………… noise, I need to have it fixed.
5. The police offered tips on how to identify ………………….money.
6. His plan to build a wall on the border between the countries is not……….at all.
7. I have always had a…………………….relationship with my mother in law.
8. If you believe you have an ………………………..-gifted child, you must find mentors and
classes to grow your child’s mind.
9. I will never forget my Chemistry teacher’s ……………………high-pitched voice.
10. I had very little ………….time when I was young because I was involved in too many
projects.

1. They seemed not to be…………….on very well.
2. I was so angry, I felt…………….screaming.
3. I’m sure you will like her……….you meet her.
4. The collectors exchanged stamps ………watches.
5. She let herself carried…………….by the sound of the flute.
6. I sometimes let things go with the…………; I don’t like to control everything.
7. You will need to write your name in……….in order to be considered for registration.
8. Absent-minded, she was swinging her legs back and…………….. .
9. Payment was due today, but they gave me a week’s……………… .
10. How……..you threaten me?

235
GRAMMAR

236
C_1_GRAMMAR_WORKSHEET_1

1. If only I……..then what I know now!
a. had known b. knew c. could know
2. Fiona is late, she……. about our date.
a. might forget b. might have forgotten c. could be forgotten
3. No matter what I said, I couldn’t make him …………my point.
a. see b.to see c. have seen
4. Pete really ought to lose some weight, he ……………….very heavily during the walk
yesterday.
a. was breathing b. had been breathing c. has been breathing
5. What would you buy provided …….the money?
a. had you b you had c. you would have
6. Monica ……………….for the airport when I arrived at her home.
a. would leave b. had left c. left
7. Those glasses are Lucy’s. She………….them!”
a. must have left b. ought to be left c. might be left
8. I suppose it is difficult to ………….on the left
a. get used to driving b. get used to drive c. be used to driving
9. They’ve spent months…………..this issue.
a. to debate b. having debated c. debating
10. I wish I…………..my lace dress cleaned yesterday!
a. had b. had had c. could have
II. Rewrite the following sentences using the words in capitals. Use between 3
and 8 words including the word given.
1. I can’t apply to university because my grades aren’t good enough. COULD
Were……………………………………………. university.
2. Julia is growing up with her grandparents in the countryside. BEING
Julia…………………………………….in the countryside.
3. I was just about to ring him when he called. POINT
I was………………………………………..he called.
4. You have to pay a €10 entrance fee. UNLESS

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They …………………………………………………………………….. €10.

5. Global temperatures are higher now than ever before. AS
Never before………………………………………………………….as they are now.
6. He must have been taking lessons, otherwise he wouldn’t sing so well. IF
He………………………………………………………..not been taking lesson.
7. My friend has the annoying habit of losing her keys. FOREVER
My friend……………………………………..keys!
8. I prefer teaching to working in an office. SOONER
I’d ………………………………………………..in an office.
9. I’ve never heard such a ludicrous claim. RIDICULOUS
It’s……………………………………………..heard.
10. As soon as his mother left, he started playing computer games. THAN
No ………………………………………………………….started playing computer games.
III. Find the errors in the sentences below.

1. I asked them why had they arrived there so late.
2. Either of the five children may come with me.
3. There were lots of signs, all of them he ignored.
4. The aircrafts were all ready to welcome their passengers.
5. The audience is asked to take its seats.
6. The two friends kept writing to one another although they hadn’t met for a long time.
7. Neither my parents nor my sister have found out the truth.
8. I was afraid of what will happen.
9. As usually, he arrived late.
10. If only he apologized then!
IV. Complete the following sentences using the correct form of the verbs in
brackets:
1. Suppose you ……………….(be) a billionaire. What would you do with your money?
2. I suggest…………………..(call) the cinema to find out what time the movie is on.
3. He greeted us and went on…………………………….(apologise) for the delay.
4. I’ll call you when I ………………(finish) work today.
5. Unless you ………………..(know) how to swim, you have to wear a life jacket.
6. Helen promised that she ………….. (not be) late for the party that night.

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7. The robber ……………(wave) his gun and everyone………………..(get down) on the floor.
8. I wish he……………………….(talk) to me but he never does.
9. The university told me that I …………………..(be registered) for the course automatically as
soon as they received the money.
10. Wherever I looked, people…………………………(dance).

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1. …….. pay attention, you won’t pass the test.
a. Unless you don’t b. Unless you c. Unless you wouldn’t
2. My brother is thinking of going…………….in the mountains soon.
a. to trek b trekking c. to be trekking
3. She said that her brother ……..her a lift.
a. would give b. could be given c. would have given
4. I’m reading a review of the film…….was on television last night.
a. which it b. which c. that it
5. He suggested………….on an excursion tomorrow.
a. us to go b. going c. we to go
6. I wish they…………their tickets, I have got two spare ones.
a. haven’t bought b. didn’t buy t c. hadn’t bought
7. Try as you………, you won’t solve the riddle
a. might b. could c. would
8. It’s a pity she had to pull out of the competition especially since she…….……….such
excellent progress.
a. has been making b. had been making c. is making
9. ……….I been informed, I’d have attended the meeting.
a. Should b. Were c. Had
10. The kids enjoyed the circus, the clown really made them …………all the time.
a. laugh b. laughing c. to laugh
1. They say the artist painted the landscape when he was in his eighties. SAID
The artist………………………………………..the landscape when he was in his eighties.
2. The weather is both wet and cold. ONLY
Not…………………………………………………………….cold.
3. Ronnie will have a carpenter put up his shelves. BE
Ronnie’s shelves……………………………………………………………………carpenter.
4. Do not plan to hire a car unless you have an international driving licence. SHOULD

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Only if you……………………………………………………………………….to hire a car.

5. Don’t worry about clearing the table, I’ll do it later. NEED
There’s……………………………………….the table, I’ll do it later.
6. He tried hard, but he failed. EFFORTS
In…………………………………………., he failed.
7. Rebecca felt there was no point in trying. WORTH
Rebecca…………………………………………….trying.
8. I can’t wait to go to the cinema tonight. FORWARD
I………………………………………………………..the cinema tonight.
9. During the investigation, somebody stole John’s papers. HAD
John………………………………………………….investigation
10. Most people accepted what I put forward at the meeting. DISAGREED
Very……………………………………………………at the meeting.

1. It is either an owl or an eagle’s nest.
2. Somebody stole my luggages while I was talking to you.
3. They asked each for the other’s help.
4. I couldn’t see who was stalking me, the streets were very poorly lighted.
5. I was very poor when I was an university student.
6. I wish I could dance like you can.
7. The police has caught the murderer.
8. I will go to bed as soon as I will get home.
9. He raised from his chair and clenched his fist.
10. The door’s handle is broken, could you fix it?
brackets:
1. Why ……………………………………….(he /be) so bad-tempered today?
2. I wish I……………………………..(teach) how to type when I was at school.
3. I’d rather you……………………….(not enter) my room.
4. Jane said she would lend me the book after she …………………(finish) it.
5. Everyone says it’s high time I .……(learn) how to drive, but I’m not keen on the idea.
6. If she apologised for her appalling behaviour, I…………………(speak) to her.

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7. It’s time you…………………..(take) a few days off, you look tired.

8. I wish I……………….. (give up) high-fat foods years ago.
9. They …………………………(consider) his proposal when he called.
10. It’s no use……………………… (talk) to her because she never listens.

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1. I decided to make a complaint as soon as I……..the manager.
a. would meet b. met c. will meet
2. He took no notice of me, neither……. any attention to my parents.
a. he paid b. did he pay c. paid he
3. We ……………so much money on holiday. What will we live on now?
a. shouldn’t have spent b. needn’t have spent c. didn’t need to spend
4. No sooner had he left the room……………….the children started screaming.
a. when b. that c. than
5. She asked him if ………………. to London before.
a. he had been b. he had gone c. he went
6. She ……………on the trip with us now if she hadn’t misbehaved.
a. would be b. wouldn’t have been c. was
7. Neither my parents, nor my grandmother …………..at home now.
a. are b. is c. aren’t
8. There are hardly any people in the street, ……….?
a. are there? b. aren’t there? c. are they?
9. Not only my grandmother, but also my mum ………….. Greek.
a. speak b. speaks c. spoken
10. They …………………………….all the cake by the time I get home!
a. will have eaten b. will eat c. would eat
1. As soon as I arrived home, I opened the bottle of wine. WHEN
Hardly ……………………………………………… the bottle of wine.
2. I can’t join you on the trip because I don’t have enough money. COULD
Should…………………………………………….on the trip.
3. I learnt the poem and I also wrote the essay. DID
Not…………………………………….also wrote the essay.
4. I was dreadfully shocked when I heard the news. AS
The news………………………………………..to me.

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5. She said she had never watched a better movie than that. FAR
She said ……………………………………………………….. she had ever watched.
6. If we had not rehearsed so many times, we wouldn’t have delivered such an outstanding
performance. BEEN
If it……………………………., we wouldn’t have delivered such an outstanding performance.
7. I wouldn’t have finished work on time if you hadn’t helped me. HELP
But………………………………………………………..work on time.
8. ‘Do you want to come over and watch a movie?’, she asked him. IF
She ………………………………. to come over and watch a movie.
9. I prefer watching a movie to watching the news. SOONER
I’d ………………………………………………..the news.
10. I’ve never heard such a petty excuse. IRRELEVANT
It’s……………………………………………..heard.

1. I stopped to take the medicine, as it wasn’t doing any good to me.
2. They congratulated him for his success.
3. They won the competition with luck.
4. The youth is always in disagreement with their elders.
5. His success was because of hard work.
6. The owners of the mine have risen the price of coal.
7. They both knew that none of them was to come back alive.
8. I was happy because I finally passed the exam.
9. The cattle was taken to the market.
10. She was satisfied of her exam results.
brackets:
1. When we arrived, it ……………………. (snow) for 10 days.
2. I didn’t know at the time that she …………………..(be) in prison in her youth.
3. They tortured him until they made him………...(tell) everything he knew.
4. I’ll go to bed only after I……………… (finish) all the work.
5. In case I ………….(see) him, I’ll let him about the party.
6. Neither my sister, nor my brother …….(be) at home yesterday.

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7. If she ………………..(listen) to me then, she wouldn’t be lying in bed now.

8. My dress needs………………..(take) in a little at the waist.
9. Even though I…………………..(ask) her twice, she wouldn’t answer my question.
10. I would rather you……………….(go) home immediately.

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I. Circle the correct word or phrase.

1. Did you meet / Have you met last month while you were travelling around
Europe?
2. Tom should know about the place because I told / have told him about it last week.
3. She’s resigning because the pressure at work has become / became too much for
her.
4. Yesterday, I got / have got a letter from Ben, but I haven’t replied to him yet.
5. Mary was / has been anxious to speak to you since she heard about your arrival.
6. I had / have had no idea you were such a good snowboarder.
7. If you finished / have finished, put your hand up and I’ll collect your paper.
8. There were / has been a number of different reasons for our separation.
9. The doctor said it was/is nothing to worry about.
10. She doesn’t know who’s responsible because she didn't work / hasn’t worked
here long.
II. Write the verb in brackets in the correct form.

1. When the accident occurred, tens of people (pass)____ through the airport.
2. When I heard the phone ring, I stopped (write)___.
3. Amy (wave)___, if she had seen me walking past.
4. I (have)___ piano lessons every Monday from the age of six onwards.
5. We decided to leave the house because it (get) ___ dark and we wanted to get home
while there was still some light.
6. Jessica had already thought of leaving university before she (fail)___ her first exams.
7. (you, swim)___ in the swimming pool every day when you were younger?
8. Sorry I (come)____ on Monday, but I was working on my project.
9. By 3 o’clock tomorrow we (arrive) __ at the party.
10. The regional park (create) ___ to protect local wildlife.
III. Each of the words or phrases in bold is incorrect. Rewrite them correctly.
1. Nell been able to swim since she was one year old. ___
2. How many essays has Ben wrote for her? ___
3. Our neighbours still not managed to sell their house. ___

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4. She’s never being to Italy and she would really like that! ___
5. Have you heard? Mary run in the race again next year. ___
6. You’re lucky you caught me. I’ve just arrive through the door. ___
7. Why haven’t you told me that you think of dropping out of the course? ___
8. If our family is living in this village for over two hundred years, we would have
rebuilt the house. ___
9. Before I went to London, I didn’t enjoy learning English.___
10. But while I did the language course, I met lots of young people from all over the
world. ___
IV. Rephrase the following:

1. My dogs tends to bark a lot when we are not at home.
habit
My dog _____a lot when we are not at home.
2. Mary could only afford that blouse because of the loan you gave her.
lent
Had _____money, she wouldn’t have been able to afford that blouse.
3. She lost the race as she didn’t run as quickly as the rest of the girls.
pace
Her loss was blamed on her inability _____ rest of the girls.
4. He must try to accept that he will never run his own company.
terms
He must _____fact that he will never run his own company.
5. If she doesn’t know what she’s doing, she shouldn't dismantle the watch.
apart
She shouldn’t _____she knows what she’s doing.
6. The plans can turn out all right this week.
signs
The plans _____ improvement this week.
7. Thomas said the reason for his poor performance was his illness.
blamed
Thomas _____on his illness.
8. You won’t be able to come into this restaurant without a tie.

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prevented
You _____into this restaurant without a tie.
9. Brian was really interested in South African history in his school days.
interest
Brian _____South African history in his school days.
10. When it comes to population, Beijing’s is much bigger than Maidstone.
populated
Beijing is ____ than Maidstone.

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I. Write a verb from the box in the correct form in each gap.
do • attack • make • talk • get • pass • take • like • turn • use •want •work
1. That was so nice of her to ask whether I ___ to spend the night over.
2. She knows you asked her ____ the washing-up now, but she will do it later, I’m sure.
3. Why did the man order his dogs ___ when he knew they were about to be killed?
4. He would ask you ___ judgement until you understand everything he said.
5. I couldn’t understand why Ben came out and asked me if I ___ that exam before.
6. I don’t like being asked ___ on a Saturday, but I understand.
7. You should have asked your father which colour ___. He knows this type of car.
8. He had so much fun asking you ___ the computer on.
9. Your aunt very kindly asked me if I ___ fruit cupcake and said there was some coffee
if I liked.
10. You’d better ask the owner how ___into the building in the evening.
II. Circle the right form:
1. We’ve filled / been filling over five bags with rubbish from the beach already.
2. Have you followed / been following that story in the papers about the lion that
was killed at the zoo?
3. It’s the first time I’ve heard / been hearing The Editors play live.
4. Tom and I have thought / been thinking about our trip for about half a year.
5. It seems that they’ve just caught / been catching the animal outside.
6. You can’t want to stop and have a drink — we’ve only driven/been driving for
about 15 minutes so far!
7. I’ve stood / been standing up all morning and my feet are killing me!
8. Has Tom worked / been working for the company since it was founded?
9. We’ve seen / been seeing the Tower of London and Oxford Street, and we’ve only
been in London for 2 hours!
10. She would come/ would have come on the beach, but she doesn’t have a
swimsuit.

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III. Rephrase the following:

1. The manager should think about experience when hiring new staff.
consideration
The manager _____ when hiring new staff.
2. “Are you all coming tomorrow?” Fiona said.
whether
Fiona asked _____ day.
3. “Shall I help you do the dishes?” said Robert.
offered
Robert _____dishes.
4. “It can’t be very good having all those dishes on the stove!” he said.
commented
He _____all those dishes on the stove.
5. We must take as much advantage as possible of any chance to speak Italian.
most
We _____any chance to speak Italian.
6. The local sports authority wants us to never quit at any cost.
urged
The local sports authority _____up.
7. The thieves of the painting escaped without punishment because of a technicality.
stealing
On account of a technicality _____the painting.
8. I feel that you have really let me down this time, I can’t help it.
avoid
I can’t _____by you this time.
9. We were considering moving abroad, but we decided not to bother at the last minute.
opted
We were thinking about emigrating, but _____at the last minute.
10. “You could have said that you went to the anniversary in the end” Ben told his best
friend.
up
Ben said to his best friend _____at the anniversary.

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IV. Choose the correct answer.

1. Does she deny ____ this with the defendant on Monday?
A. to discuss
B. of having discussed
C. discussing
D. to have discussed
2. Why did you refuse ____ the police officer's questions? It only makes you look guilty!
A. to answer
B. that you answer
C. answering
D. for answering
3. It's about time Mrs Richards apologised to me ___me a gossip in front of everybody.
A. to have called
B. that she called
C. from calling
D. for having called
4. She may claim ______a PhD but nobody's ever actually seen the certificate.
A. having
B. to have
C. for having
D. if she has
5. The kids suggested _____ a pizza tonight. What do you think?
A. to get
B. getting
C. we'll get
D. for getting
6. l do agree there ______ a simple solution to this problem.
A. is not
B. not to be
C. be not
D. not being
7. John responded ______ that at least he’d never lied to his dad.

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A. to say
B. by saying
C. that she said
D. with having said
8. I’m begging ____ .
A. you to stay
B. your staying
C. that you stay
D. you for staying
9. It ____very nice of him to drop this off.
A. couldn’t be
B. mustn’t be
C. being
D. might not be
10. His secretary _____ all the letters from now on. I really think so, to avoid any
interpretation.
A. get
B. should get
C. can get
D. must het

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I. Choose the correct answer A, B, C, D or E:
1. John’s cousin ____ her driving test five times so far without success, but she ____ yet.
A) takes / isn't giving up
B) has taken / hasn't given up
C) was taking / didn't give up
D) is taking / doesn't give up
E) took / wasn't giving up
2. Last month, my father ____ that his dinner suit was too small, so now he ____ a strict
diet.
A) has discovered / followed
B) discovers / was following
C) discovered / is following
D) was discovering / has followed
E) has been discovering / will follow
3. His grandma ____ strictly since the operation and so far she ____ eight kilos.
A) was dieting / was losing
B) dieted / loses
C) diets / is losing
D) is dieting / lost
E) has been dieting / has lost
4. Though Sonia ____ dancing, she____ to the disco with her friends the previous night
just in order to be with them in a different atmosphere.
A) hasn't like / has gone
B) doesn't like / went
C) didn't like / is going
D) doesn't like / goes
E) didn't like / is going
5. Somebody ____ three times this morning asking for Pete, but nobody called Pete ____
here.
A) has phoned / has ever lived
B) is phoning / was ever living

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C) phones / ever lived

D) phoned / is ever living
E) has been phoning / ever lived
6. Dan ____ with us tonight as he ____ an appointment with the dentist.
A) won't have trained / is making
B) hasn't trained / was making
C) hadn't trained / made
D) doesn't train / makes
E) isn't going to train / has made
7. The younger workers ____ the peaches while the others ____ them in wooden boxes.
A) are picking / will place
B) were picking / were placing
C) have been picking / placed
D) picked / have been placing
E) had been picking / have placed
8. It’s been one week since the floods ____, but still aid workers ____ people.
A) are striking / rescued
B) strike / were rescuing
C) were striking / have been rescuing
D) struck / are rescuing
E) have struck / rescue
9. While James’s parents ____ in the shopping centre, a thief ____ into their car for the
radio.
A) shopped / has broken
B) were shopping / broke
C) have shopped / breaks
D) are shopping / was breaking
E) shop / is breaking
10. Mary's health ____ day by day until she ____ smoking.
A) was deteriorating / gave up
B) is deteriorating / gives up
C) deteriorated / has given up
D) deteriorates / is giving up
E) has deteriorated / was giving up

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II. Write the verb in brackets in the correct form:

1. ___ (BE) the weather good when you ___ (PLAY) tennis?
2. It is important that he _______ (ATTEND) the bilateral talks.
3. The accused pretended that he _______ (UNDERSTAND) the lawyer’s question.
4. After she ___ (TIDY) the room, Mary ___(WASH) the floor.
5. Researchers have now proved that earlier theories _______(BE) incorrect.
6. I expect you ____ (GRADUATE) from school by this time next year and ____ (LOOK)
for a job.
7. The bank manager suggested that I ______ (APPLY) again the following year
8. James said that he ___ (FINISH) school and he ___(GO) to enter the academy.
9. We urge that the plans_______(BE APPROVE).
10. The doctor assured him that he _______ (NOT GET) pneumonia.
III. Rephrase the following sentences:

1. Whatever film they want to see will be good for us. MIND
We………………………………………………………. film they want.
2. I'm sure your husband will get a promotion very soon. LONG
I'm sure it .......your husband gets a promotion.
3. It doesn't matter if your son thinks he knows the subject well, he must revise for the exam.
HOWEVER
Your son must revise for the exam, ………………………………………………….he knows the subject.
4. Sarah realized she'd lost her keys the moment she arrived home. SOONER
No ..................... she realized she'd lost her keys.
5. We planned to visit her on Friday but we heard she'd gone on holiday. WOULD
We ....................................................... on Friday but we heard she'd gone on holiday.
6. Lauren was totally shocked when she won the lottery. CAME
Winning the lottery ......................................... Lauren.
7. You know that you'll find the right job soon. MATTER
You know ....................... before you find the right job.
8. It was only when he started to work hard that James got good results. AFTER
James got good results.................................................... work hard.
9. He was just about to call me to tell me about the rearranged meeting. POINT

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He was ..................................... me to tell me about the rearranged meeting.

10. The only thing Mike didn't love about that new car was the price. FROM
Mike loved everything .......................................... the price.
IV. Each of these sentences is incorrect. Rewrite them correctly.

1. Tom has read the book since yesterday morning and he just finished it.
2. The Chinese is fond of sports and regards themselves as good sportsmen.
3. We were told to wait because the man is questioned.
4. Last year he had sung better than he is doing now.
5. Students had already written their tests and now they hand them in.
6. Look! There is nothing here. Everything is taken away.
7. Two years ago, she had retired and now she spends her time visiting friends.
8. He wanted to know why no one has come.
9. The nurse doesn’t understand why the girl would cough.
10. She left the clothes out although it rained.

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I. Choose the correct answer A, B, C, D or E.

1. This wardrobe was made _____ my father. He made it _____ some old packing cases
_____ a few simple tools.
A) by / from / by
B) by / with / with
C) by / of / by
D) by / out of / with
E) with / with/of
2. Most of the time, John and his friends ____ football matches at their local coffee, but this
Saturday, they ____ to the stadium, and so they're all very excited.
A) watch / are going
B) have been watching / go
C) are watching / have gone
D) were watching / went
E) have watched / were going
3. I went out of the house. It ___. It ___for two weeks.
A) rained / was raining
B) had rained / was raining
C) was raining / had been raining
D) had been raining / was raining
E) was raining / rained
4. The football team that ____ last year's championship ____ little chance of winning it
again this year.
A) was winning / stood
B) was going to win / stand
C) has won / has stood
D) had won / was standing
E) won / stands
5. _____ her fine clothes, everyone knows how poor she is.
A) For all
B) Due to
C) Because of

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D) In spite of
E) Even if
6. Because you ____ half of the ingredients as I ____ dinner, you probably aren't hungry
at all now.
A) were eating / have prepared
B) have eaten / prepared
C) have been eating / prepare
D) ate / was preparing
E) eat / have been preparing
7. The situation had occurred _____ a misunderstanding.
A) for
B) of
C) with
D) because of
E) with
8. Joey ____ just ____stubborn when he refused to go to the cinema today and he only did
so because we ____ to go bowling yesterday.
A) is / being / haven't wanted
B) has / been / didn't want
C) is / being / don't want
D) was / being / haven't been wanting
E) was / being / didn't want
9. If _____ smoking cigarettes, more people smoked a pipe, they would be more likely to
go through the day _____ eating.
A) without / for
B) for / without
C) on / without
D) instead of / without
E) out of / with
10. I never ____ my temper on purpose, of course, but sometimes I just ____, though I
always regret it afterwards.
A) lose / explode
B) lost / am exploding
C) have been losing / exploding

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D) were losing / have exploding

E) have lost / was exploding

1. Why ___ you (NOT COME) yesterday? We ___ (HAVE) a good time.
2. Here ___ (BE) your keys. The boy ___ (SHOW) you up to your rooms and your luggage
___ (BRING) up straight away.
3. Last year, Richard ___ (RIDE) his bicycle to work every day, but he ___ (TAKE) the
bus since the accident.
4. We learned that he ___ (LEAVE) the office 5 minutes before she ___ (RETURN).
5. The last time we ___ (HAVE) dinner with them, they ___ (LOOK) for a new house.
6. ___ I ___ (LOOK) after the luggage or ___ you? -If you ___ (SEE) to the luggage and
pay the driver I’ll go in and see about rooms.
7. He___ (SCREAM) before I even ___(LAY) a finger on him.
8. Julia has overslept again. She is going ____ (BE) late to her work. “I had better ______
(TAKE) a taxi” she thinks.
9. Isn't it strange that you ____ (PREPARE) for Mark’s surprise party all week, but you
___ (BUY) him a birthday present yet?
10. Because I ____ (LIVE) a long way from my work, I ____ (WASTE) lots of time going to
and from work.

1. Mark took the only course open to him and changed his job. DID
What he............................. , which was the only course open to him.
2. Your brother lost his job because he was inefficient. GROUNDS
He lost his job ......................................... his inefficiency.
3. You wish people wouldn't talk during the performance – it makes you really uptight.
NERVES
It really ........................ people talk during a performance.
4. That soup is bad - it smells terrible! OFF
That soup…………………………. it smells terrible!
5. Susan originally intended to drive but the bad weather caused her to change her mind.
WAS
Sue's......................................... drive but the bad weather caused her to change her mind.

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6. There has been a huge increase in tourism this year. GROWN

Tourism................................... this year.
7. Some people have been saying what a good move emigrating would be. ARGUED
It …………………………………………emigrating would be a good move.
8. “I really should have studied more for the exam,” Jenny thought. WISHES
Jenny …………………………………………….. more for the exam.
9. He'd planned a meeting with her at the weekend but she called it off. GOING
He .......................................... at the weekend but she called it off.
10. It’s very probable that Mark will win the competition. HIGHLY
It’s ………………………………………. will win the competition.

1. Last Tuesday when James came the lesson began.
2. Her dress is a little too long over the arms.
3. He writes an exercise now but he is finishing it in a few minutes.
4. Many countries today are suffering of lack of food, and unfortunately some people have
to do on food several days.
5. Your brother was wearing glasses when he was younger, but now he is having contact
lenses.
6. He spends hours at the countryside looking at rare birds and flowers.
7. Rachel has given up smoking four years ago and she didn’t smoke a cigarette since.
8. Due to the company’s high profits this year, the employees did not receive a bonus.
9. Kate is a vegetarian for eleven years now, and she hadn’t eaten meat at all during this
time.
10. We have stayed in Cornwall for two weeks last summer. Since then, we didn’t have a
holiday by the sea.

260
I. Choose the correct answer A, B, C, D or E.

1. They ___ to get married last month although they ___ each other for only six weeks.
A) decide / know
B) decided / know
C) decided / had known
D) decided / knew
E) decided / has known
2. George must go home now, but he wishes ____ .
A) he hasn’t had to
B) hadn’t had to
C) he mustn’t
D) he didn’t have to
E) hadn’t to
3. I wish we ____ yesterday.
A) met
B) would meet
C) had met
D) meet
E) have met
4. If only ____ , this wouldn’t have happened.
A) we have been careful
B) had we been careful
C) we were not careful
D) we had been careful
E) hadn’t been
5. ________ for his great courage, all lives would have been lost.
A) It had not been
B) It wouldn’t have seen
C) Had it not been
D) Wouldn’t it have been
E) It wasn’t
6. ________ to the market, when it started to the rain.

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A) I was just about to go

B) I would just go
C) I’m just about to go
D) I’ve just about gone
E) I had gone
7. Unless he’s offered more money elsewhere, ________ this job.
A) he won’t accept
B) he would accept
C) he’ll accept
D) he wouldn’t accept
E) will
8. If I’d realized this before, I ________ in such a mess now.
A) won’t have been
B) wouldn’t be
C) wouldn’t have been
D) won’t be
E) wouldn’t been
9. He ___ looking at her, wondering where he ___ her.
A) keep / see
B) kept / had seen
C) keeps / saw
D) had kept / had seen
E) being kept / would see
10. I know you’re tired this morning, but ________ to the party, you wouldn’t have come
home late.
A) if you would have gone
B) if you hadn’t gone
C) if you have gone
D) if you wouldn’t have gone
E) if you had gone

1. You ___ (LOOK) very thoughtful. What ___ you ___ (THINK) about?

262
2. Jimmy, Jane and Billy wanted ___ (IMPRESS) their grandfather who ___ (COME) to
visit them.
3. On ___ (ENTER) the room he ___(TURN) left and ___(GO ON) his way.
3. Ann ___ (THINK) that she ___ (SEE) the visitor before.
4. I ____(PICK) some wood for the fire while you ____(PREPARE) the salad.
5. As it ___ (GET) dark we ___ (DECIDE) to go home.
7. I ____(START) an extra part-time job last week as we ____ (NEED) the money.
8. When he ___ (COME) to the station the train already ___ (LEAVE).
9. She says that she ____(CATCH) the eight o'clock train tomorrow, but I'm sure she
____(MISS) it, as usual.
10. By September, he ______ (WORK) for this company for 20 years.

1. He is so ambitious - he's determined that he'll be successful in the company. MARK
He is determined ...................... in the company.
2. It was only after telling everyone that it was his birthday that John got lots of cards.
HAVING
John only got lots of cards……………………………………………… it was his birthday.
3. I expect I'll leave home before I'm twenty. TIME
I expect I will ............................. I'm twenty.
4. People are more interested in history than you might expect. LESS
You ........................................ interested in history.
5. The number of people travelling through the airport was highest in August. REACHED
The number of people travelling through the airport .................................... in August.
6. I'm sure that it was the sound of the rain that disturbed me. MUST
It .......................................... of the rain that disturbed me.
7. I am really bad at remembering people's names when I meet them. MEMORY
I ...................................................... people's names when I meet them.
8. I'm sorry that I didn't help him. REGRET
I ..................................................... him.
9. I couldn't go away for the weekend because I didn't have enough money. PREVENTED
I was .............. for the weekend by lack of money.
10. Jane was advised to work harder by her Maths teacher. RECOMMENDED
The Maths teacher ……………………………………………...harder.

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1. He was hurrying to unlock the door to his flat because the telephone rang.
2. I took a taxi so that I can’t miss the train.
3. We have played football for two hours and went to a restaurant for a meal, afterwards.
4. It has been raining heavily for a few hours when we woke up in the morning.
5. I wish I tried harder when I was at school.
6. Mary wondered what was it that I wanted.
7. She would rather don’t go there.
8. My sister suffered from severe back aches lately and I think it's because, last month, she
was starting to work in a shop where she has to pick up heavy things.
9. If he wasn’t clever, he would not have passed.
10. He would never have found such a good job unless his uncle’s help.

264
I. Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the verbs.

1. Hardly had the man finished his chores when the earthquake (shake) _________ the
house.
2. All the employees will be at the meeting at 8:30 tomorrow as this (start) ________ at
nine o'clock.
3. She got scared when he accused her of stealing since she (always / assume)
________ that he was an honest man.
4. He (play) ________ football tomorrow but he won't be able to do that because he has
injured his arm.
5. They (visit) ________ this place many times before, but last winter they enjoyed
themselves a lot.
6. By the time the guests (arrive) __________, she had finished cooking.
7. While climbing onto the mountain top, I (remember) ________ that I'd never seen
such beauty before.
8. The boss was sure that his plan (work) ________ out fine as no other member
opposed.
9. Since the day they came on top of things, very strange happenings (take place)
________ in the company.
10. By the time the animals (arrive) _________ , the food will have finished.
II. Some sentences are correct, some aren’t. Find the incorrect ones and correct
them.
1. I'll buy the blue socks if they still have them in the department store.
2. I don’t have that much money, I’ll ask my dad to give me some.
3. Look at him! He looks so tired! He’s going to shout at us for not doing the exercises.
4. He’ll help you if you will call him.
5. The new episodes are going to be on at the same time next week.
6. Mary’s going to work for her lawyer for a year.
7. When she will get to the cinema, she’ll call us.
8. She would joined the class, if she had had time.
9. I’m not used to having to study so hard.
10. Get used to work hard quickly or you’ll get fired.

265

1. He couldn’t imagine what life must have been like then.
QUITE
He finds it _____________ what life must have been like then.
2. It’s difficult to change a company’s income and make it richer.
TURN
It’s difficult _____________into a profitable one.
3. The failure of the draft was incredibly disappointing.
BITTERLY
I _____________ the failure of the draft.
4. The number of people travelling through this road was the highest in July.
REACHED
The number of people travelling through this road _____________ in July.
5. There is very little time left for him now.
RUNNING
He’s _____________time.
6. Some people have been stating that a change would be good.
ARGUED
It _____________ a change would be good.
7. “I think Thomas should seriously think about his plans”, said the man.
RECOMMENDED
The man _____________seriously reconsider his plans.
8. It doesn’t matter if she thinks she knows the subject for the exam, she should study
more.
HOWEVER
_____________she thinks she knows the subject for the exam, she should study
more.
9. Before he put forward the proposal, he must have taken everybody’s opinions.
WILL
Before he put forward the proposal, he _____________ everybody’s opinions.
10. Visiting London more, would have meant paying more.
IF
I would have had to _____________ London more.

266
IV. Underline the best alternative:

1. If she had known/ knew/ would have known about their profit, she would have called
them up.
2. I'll be looking into/ am looking after / will be looking after their dog while they are
away on vacation.
3. Mom made the children to do/doing/ do their homework every day.
4. By the time she gets there, we finish/ will finish /will have finished our project.
5. She finished/ had finished/ was finished the lesson by the time they arrived.
6. When I stopped speaking/ to speak/ speak to Mary, she was picking some flowers in
her garden.
7. Despite he studied/ studied/ studying hard, he failed the test.
8. That house is used/ is being used/ used for a playing ground this year.
9. They used to/ would to/ would play football every day when they were 8.
10. If I was/ are/ were you, I would get a vacation.

267
I. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs.

1. I (never come) ______________across such a big snake in my life. What about you?
2. By Saturday next Monday, I (work) ______________on this project for two months.
3. My wife and I (have) ______________a few problems recently and I have to admit
that our relationship (get) ______________a bit boring since our daughter
(leave) ______________for university.
4. Even though I (like) ______________singing, I can say that I (have)
______________ a terrible voice.
5. By the year 2030, the population of London (grow) ______________substantially.
6. My grandparents (come) ______________to see us next weekend. They (not visit)
______________us for two years.
7. They (look for) ______________her necklace for an hour when they found it under
the sofa.
8. She got tired very easily because she (help) ______________ in the house the whole
morning.
9. She (work) ______________a lot these days. She (prepare) ______________
great meals for all the family and she (try) ______________to move to her new job. She
is getting tired.
10. Do you know what time the 10:45 plane (arrive) ______________ in New York?
II. Some sentences are correct, some aren’t. Find the incorrect ones and correct
them.
1. If she didn’t know what to do, she would have ask us.
2. Unless she will not come soon, we’ll go without her at the concert.
3. He’ll phone you as soon as he will arrive there.
4. If Romania were a bigger country, it won’t be so unpopular.
5. If she hadn’t gone to that interview, she wouldn’t have got the job.
6. We’ll start the meeting as soon as all the people come.
7. When she will go to university next year, we will have the house to ourselves.
8. If she hadn’t gone to New York, she wouldn’t be able to speak English now.
9. When you go to New York in June, you can buy lots of sales.
10. I wish she stay home more often.

268

1. I’m sorry that I didn’t call her.
REGRET
I ____________ her.
2. I was afraid Jane might have forgotten about our meeting, so I sent her a message.
CASE
I sent Jane a message ____________ about our meeting.
3. Tom was advised to study harder by his Italian teacher.
RECOMMENDED
His Italian teacher ____________ harder.
4. This was Tom’s biggest accident ever!
FACED
Tom ____________ such an accident before.
5. I wish I had listened to her more often when I was at school.
REGRET
I really ____________ more often when I was at school!
6. It gets on my nerves when people talk during a show.
WISH
I ____________ during a show.
7. She is so ambitious – she’s determined that she’ll be successful in the test.
MARK
She is determined to ____________ in the test.
8. I don’t want to eat all the meal.
RATHER
I ____________ the whole meal.
9. I don’t have any free time, so I can’t spend time with you right now.
WOULD
If I ____________ spend time with you right now.
10. People are more interested in Geography than you might think.
LESS
You ____________ interested in Geography.

269
IV. Underline the best alternative:

1. He’ll give you a call as soon as he arrives/ will arrive/ is going to arrive.
2. He really didn’t want to buy that house. So did I. /Neither I did./ Neither did I.
3. Do you believe he knows what he wants/ does he want/ wants he?
4. Why are her hands so dirty? Well, she has worked/ has been working/ worked in the
garden.
5. Do you remember locking/ lock/ to lock the car’s door?
6. I could hardly see/ had seen/ would see the man’s face in the distance.
7. Look at those birds! They are going to move/moving/will move their nests.
8. If not he comes/ Unless he comes/ Since he comes, we cannot play football tonight.
9. Where do you think Tom was last week? He must be/ must have been/ must go at
home.
10. “I will finish that job soon.” Tom said he were/ would/ will finish that job soon.

270
READING

271
C_1_READING_1
RETURN TO RIVER TOWN

A message from Life co-author, Helen Stephenson
Many people become English teachers because they

want to see different places and experience different
cultures. I was one of them. I consider myself very lucky
in that my native language has been like a magic key
that has opened doors to some fascinating worlds. I
never made it to China, though I have to say it was on
my ‘list’. It seemed like a vast and unknowable country to me at one time. So I was
interested to read this article about teaching in China and then returning there years later.
What struck me most, however, was not what the author says about China, but what he
says about learning from the people he met there. The article is taken from the March 2013
issue of National Geographic magazine.
In 1996, Peace Corps volunteer, Peter Hessler, arrived in Fuling, a quiet town on the Yangtze,
to teach English. He went back recently to find the landscape and his former students
transformed.
There is excellent mobile phone coverage at the bottom of the Yangtze River, although
Huang Dejian is one of the few people who know this. He’s the director of the new White
Crane Ridge Underwater Museum and today his phone rings constantly at a depth of 40
metres. The museum is the strangest sight in the city of Fuling – visitors enter via a 100-
metre-long escalator encased in a steel tube, like a massive straw dipped into the muddy
Yangtze.
The last time I saw Huang, all this was dry land, the $34 million museum didn’t exist and
the Three Gorges Dam* was still under construction 450 kilometres downstream. Fuling sits
at the junction of the Yangtze and the Wu Rivers, and in the mid-1990s it felt sleepy and
isolated. There was no main road or railway line, and the Yangtze ferries took seven hours
to reach Chongqing, the nearest large city. Foreigners were unheard of – if I ate lunch in the
town centre, I often attracted a crowd of 30 spectators. The city had one escalator, one
nightclub, and no traffic lights. I didn’t know anybody with a car.

272
In those days, I worked at Fuling Teachers College. Nearly all of my students came from
rural homes with little tradition of education; many had illiterate parents. My students
taught me many things, including what it meant to come from the countryside, where the
vast majority of Chinese lived at the beginning of the reform era. They also taught me about
the complexities of poverty in China. My students had little money, but they were optimistic,
and they had opportunities; it was impossible to think of such people as poor.
During my visit, about 15 students return to Fuling for an impromptu reunion. They give
updates on the classmates who, like so many Chinese of their generation, have migrated far
from home. My old students are interested in analysing their society. One, who gave himself
the English name of Mo Money says, ‘Life is competitive. I think this is a special stage for
China. In the past we criticised capitalist America. But now we are in a similar situation.’
My last meeting on this visit is with fishermen, Huang Zongming and his brother Zongguo.
I was here when they moved out of their homes in June 2003, when the first stage of the
dam was completed. The brothers tell me there’s still good fishing upstream and Zongming
has still never travelled on a train. I discover that they are the only people I know who remain
virtually the same, despite the changes all around them.
*The Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River stretches for nearly 2.5 kilometres and is the
largest concrete structure on Earth. It’s five times as wide as the Hoover Dam in the United
States and is the world’s biggest power station.
(https://www.ngllife.com/return-river-town-1)
Task 1. Answer the questions.

1. What is the strangest thing in the city of Fuling and why?
2. When Peter used to live in Fuling, how was he looked at by the locals?
3. What is unusual about Chinese students? Why couldn’t they be seen as poor?
4. Did his students enjoy his teaching there? How do we know?
5. Why does Peter say that the two fishermen are the only two people that remain the
same in the region?
Task 2. Mark the sentences true (T) or false (F).

1. Peter Hessler describes the changes he finds on his visit to Fuling.
2. In 1966, Peace Corps volunteer, Peter Hessler, arrived in Fuling.
3. Peter Hessler discovers that everyone he knew has moved away from the area.
4. There is excellent mobile phone coverage at the bottom of the Yangtze River.
5. After Peter’s students left college they returned home to teach.

273
C_1_READING_2
DNA FINGERPRINTING
Anyone who watches television shows like CSI: Crime

Scene Investigation will be familiar with DNA
fingerprinting's importance in modern crime-solving.
The day-to-day work of police detectives, crime scene
investigators, and forensic technicians may not be as
glamorous as it appears on television; nor can blood,
saliva, hair, or skin samples be collected, analyzed, and
matched to a suspect in 45 minutes. In any case, without DNA evidence and the technology
that has evolved around its detection, many violent offenders would still be on the loose and
innocent people would be executed or imprisoned for crimes they did not commit.
Before DNA arrived on the scene, digital fingerprints were the key to determining an
individual's identity. The ridges and loops of fingerprints were first discovered in 1686 by an
Italian anatomy professor, but it was not until 1892 that an Argentine police official
identified a woman as the murderer of her two sons from a bloody fingerprint left on a
doorpost. Fingerprints soon made their way into the criminal justice systems of England
and the United States, where they were used to keep a record of convicted criminals.
Although fingerprints are an infallible means of identification, careful criminals can avoid
leaving them at a crime scene. On the other hand, DNA, which is present in every human
cell even though invisible to the naked eye, is nearly impossible to remove completely,
particularly in cases involving violent, unpremeditated crimes.
DNA testing would not be where it is today without the discoveries of British geneticist
Alec Jeffreys and American biochemist Kary Mullis. In the early 1980s, Jeffreys developed
the process of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to locate polymorphic
regions of a DNA strand where the greatest variation from person to person occurs. In 1984,
he succeeded in photographing radioactive DNA fragments with X-ray film. The resulting
image resembled a bar code, and the genetic sequence was unique to an individual, the
only exception being identical twins.
In 1987, RFLP was used for the first time in the investigation into the rape and murder of
two young girls. The first suspect, who had confessed to the earlier murder but denied the
second, was released after his DNA failed to match the stains left on the victims' clothing.

274
From January to July 1987, police collected saliva samples from 4,582 males between the
ages of 17 and 34, but they could not catch the killer until a woman reported that she had
overheard a man in a tavern tell his friends how he had been intimidated into giving a
sample under the killer's name. The perpetrator was arrested, tested, and convicted.
While Alec Jeffreys was carrying out his lengthy research, Kary Mullis worked out, one night
in 1983, an ingenious method to increase the amount of DNA available for testing.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, for which Mullis received the Nobel Prize in
chemistry in 1993, made it possible to create billions of copies of DNA in a matter of seconds
and at low cost. Whereas RFLP tests produced more conclusive matches and a more
complete picture of a DNA fingerprint, PCR could generate far more material from minute
samples. Together, the two techniques would revolutionize forensic science.
Bibliography:
• Engelhardt, Diane, Advanced English Reading and Comprehension, McGraw Hill
Education, New York, 2013.
• https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1OPRB_enRO579RO580&sxsrf=ALeKk02e
XC5G3HyNJx2LDwuBuIJBEZh3Xg:1588417305960&source=univ&tbm=isch&q=D
NA+forensic+free+pics+to+use&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi3g5vKg5XpAhWCZhUIHX
AUDGQQsA
Task 1. Answer the questions.

1. Why is DNA fingerprinting important today?
2. Why were digital fingerprints important in dealing with evidence?
3. Why is polymorphism important to DNA testing?
4. What was K. Mullis’ contribution to DNA investigation?
5. Why would you say that DNA discovery was a major step in criminal investigation?
Task 2. Continue the following statements, so that they contain information

from the text. Use words from the text or your own words.
1. DNA evidence helps innocent people .....
2. In England and the US digital fingerprints were …..
3. DNA is present in every human cell and that is why …..
4. RFLP is used to …..
5. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis brought Mullis …..

275
C_1_READING_3
MEGHAN MARKLE AND PRINCE HARRY ‘HOUSE HUNT IN SAME LA AREA

DIANA WANTED TO LIVE’
PRINCE HARRY and Meghan Markle have moved to LA and are said to be house
hunting in the same area Princess Diana had wanted to live.
Princess Diana had been planning a

move to Malibu in 1997 with sons
William and Harry and then-boyfriend
Dodi Fayed. 1 (…….) Princess
Diana liked Malibu because it allowed
her and the boys to escape the royal
spotlight, which is the very same reason
her son is said to be looking at
properties in the area. The Duke and
Duchess of Sussex are said to be keen to
find a private, beachside home to raise their 10-month-old son Archie.
He and Meghan announced their infamous Megxit just after the holidays, which they had
spent in Canada with baby Archie. 2 (…….). It has also strained the relationship of Harry
and his brother William, which had already been fraught for some time according to reports.
That pressure was part of the reason Diana sought to move over 5,000 miles away, and Harry
has said that it is very much with his mother in mind that he made this decision for his
family.
Diana’s butler Paul Burrell said in a 2007 interview with ABC News: “A lovely house … saw
all the plans for it. It was going to be in Malibu.
She said, “This is our new life, just won't it be great, think of the lifestyle the boys — nobody's
judgmental here in America, you don't have the class system, you don't have the
establishment.” Dodi had splashed out on the longtime home of Julie Andrews and husband
Blake Peters, which sat on five acres of land. 3 (…….).
The Oscar-winning actress sold the property in 1992 to an individual who also snapped up
some of the surrounding plots of land for an additional £8.9 million.

276
That individual razed the home and built a Tuscan-style villa, while filling the property with
large gardens. 4 (…….).
He actually purchased the home for himself and fiancée Kelly Fisher according to the former
model, but then made it a love nest for Diana and himself after jilting his bride-to-be.
Kelly would later sue Dodi, claiming that he convinced her to leave behind her £404,000-a-
year career to be with him, only to then leave her for Diana.
She dropped that suit just days after his death, but kept the £182,000 engagement ring she
was gifted by the Harrods heir.
It was Caitlyn Jenner who first broke the news that Meghan and Harry were looking at
properties in Malibu while appearing on Loose Women.
Caitlyn also threw her support behind Meghan during her appearance on the program.
She said: “It was a big shock to her, she’s probably had enough. Good for them, we’ll see how
it goes.” 5 (…….). The pair are said to particularly have their eye on the Pacific Palisades area,
just a stone’s throw away from the homes of Hollywood heavyweights Robert Downey Jr,
Mel Gibson, Dick Van Dyke and Caitlyn Jenner herself.
The Sun first reported the duke and duchess were eyeing a multimillion property just a few
miles south from the estate he almost moved into during his childhood.
The sprawling, recently-completed £5.4million Petra Manor was also previously rented by
Caitlyn’s daughter Kylie Jenner, and is being considered to be a “test run” home for the
couple. The swanky home comes with a pool, tennis court and ten bedrooms for the couple
and baby Archie. [...]
(https://www.thesun.co.uk/fabulous/11300401/meghan-markle-prince-harry-house-
hunting-same-area-la-princess-diana-live/)
Task 1. In the text above, five sentences or parts of sentences have been
removed. You will find the five removed sentences below the extract PLUS one
sentence which doesn't fit. Choose from the sentences (A-F) the one which fits
each gap (1-5). Remember, there is one extra sentence you do not need to use.
A. Once completed, it was sold again, this time to Diana's soon-to-be boyfriend Dodi.

277
B. The decision by Harry and Meghan has left the royal family in a state of shock, with Queen
Elizabeth said to have taken the news the hardest when she learned of her grandson's plans
to step away from his royal duties.
C. Today reported how Meghan and Harry were apparently brainstorming with members of
the Stanford community as they plan to launch a new charity following the couple's now
infamous Megxit.
D. Dodi had bought a palatial Tuscan mansion in the area just months before the couple died
in the tragic Paris car crash, The Sun reported.
E. "I heard they were looking for a house in Malibu. It must have been tough. Everyone
deserves to be happy.”
F. It had five bedrooms, six bathrooms, a guest house, swimming pool, tennis court, private
beach and 130 feet of ocean frontage.
Task 2. Answer the questions

1. When did the Duke of Sussex publicly announce their decision to leave the royal family?
2. Who influenced Harry’ s decision to move over 5.000 miles away?
3. What was Diana’s most important aspect of American life and her children’s lifestyle?
4. Why did Dodi ’s ex-fiancé sue him?
5. Who was the first person to break the news that Meghan and Harry were looking at
properties in Malibu while appearing on Loose Women?

278
C_1_READING_4
HIGH SCHOOL SENIORS HAVE BEEN ROBBED

AND THEY NEED OUR SUPPORT
We need to be very gentle with our high school seniors. They’re experiencing big losses right
now and they need some extra
support, compassion, and empathy
from the adults in their lives.
Seniors were already walking into
uncertain territory, but now what
little time they had left of their
childhood has been ripped away
from them. 1 (…)
They’ve lost most of their freedom,
independence, and autonomy,
something parents and teachers
have been pushing them to develop so they can succeed at college. 2 (…)
Many teens have lost their jobs. Pursuing their passions at home isn’t the same as it is in
school with art classes, band rooms, fields, teachers, and friends who get it. Just as they were
really starting to get the hang of spreading their wings, they’ve been clipped.
They’ve given up sleep and free time their whole childhood to excel in sports, chorus, band,
drama, etc. 3 (…) The college auditions are postponed. There will be no awards banquets or
team celebrations. They’ve worked as a team for years and it just ended without even a fist
bump.
Many seniors are worried about college. Not all students have it all planned out and locked
down at the start of senior year. Some are still retaking the SAT, touring campuses, and
exploring their options into the second semester. 4 (…) Those with acceptance letters are
wondering if summer orientation and camps will still be held – and if college dorms will
even be open in the fall. They’ve worked hard to be brave and accept walking into the
unknown, but now there’s no timeline for when that will happen or what it will look like.
Think about your prom. You likely remember it vividly. We’re sold the idea of a magical night
way before we went set foot in high school. It’s the reward for trudging through the less

279
glamorous parts of childhood. What should have been prom night is quickly approaching or
has already passed for most high school seniors. 5 (…) Many didn’t get to shop at all.
They’re also missing out on so many other senior traditions they’ve long heard siblings, past
upperclassmen, teachers, and even their parents describe. All the amusement parks are
closed so there will be no Grad Night. There’s no senior skip day. Their accomplishments
won’t be celebrated with an awards banquet or scholarship presentation. There will be no
graduation parties to attend because graduation, as they were expecting it, is cancelled. [...]
(https://www.boredteachers.com/trending/high-school-seniors-have-been-robbed-and-they-
need-our-support?fbclid=IwAR02ODrzG3rysdOFLO3490WOSFDgWcJE76Ive0DTRUz-
hEuGh_HJA1Z--Ec)
Task 1. Five sentences or parts of sentences have been removed. You will find
the five removed sentences below PLUS one sentence which doesn't fit. Choose
from the sentences (A-F) the one which fits each gap (1-5). Remember, there is
one extra sentence you do not need to use.
A. They were already anxious about this next chapter in their lives and now they’re
wondering if they’ll have time to wrap up loose ends in time to start college in the fall.
B. The dresses they excitedly shopped for months ago are hanging in the closet, still in the
plastic protective cover.
C. They don’t get the thrill of physically handing in their last final exam.
D. Everything in their lives so far has led up to these last few months of high school and now
it’s just cancelled for them.
E. They aren’t able to spend time having adventures with friends – they aren’t even able to
hole up inside staring at their phone in the same room as their friends.
F. Those big tournaments, competitions, exhibits, games, and performances they’ve been
preparing for aren’t happening.
Task 2. Do the following statements agree with the information in the text?
Mark them:
TRUE if the statement agrees with the text
FALSE if the statement does not agree with the text
1. All students had it all planned out at the start of senior year.
2. A large number of teens have become unemployed.
3. High school seniors are currently experiencing big losses.
4. Seniors have not lost most of their freedom.
5. No student is retaking the SAT.

280
C_1_READING_5
AMERICA’S RICHEST SELF-MADE WOMEN
More women are creating new businesses and amassing fortunes than ever before. As a
result, in 2019 Forbes has expanded the
ranking of the nation’s wealthiest self-made
women to 80, one third more than a year
before. Each of these overachievers has
blazed her own trail. List members range in
age from 21 to 92 and are worth a combined
$81.3 billion. The minimum net worth to make Forbes’ fifth annual ranking of these women
is $225 million. Here are some of these amazing women.
A. Diane Hendricks chairs ABC Supply, one of the largest wholesale distributors of roofing,
siding and windows in America. Hendricks cofounded the business with her late husband,
Ken, in Beloit, Wisconsin, in 1982. She led ABC to make the two biggest acquisitions in its
history, buying rival Bradco in 2010 and building materials distributor L&W Supply in
2016.The company has 780 branch locations and over $10 billion in sales. In recent years,
though, she’s focused on philanthropy, particularly on causes in her hometown of Beloit,
Wisconsin. She funded an international film festival for the town, a performing arts centre,
modern apartments, and a start-up hub in the industrial foundry that used to employ much
of the town.
B. Marian Ilitch and her husband, Mike, who died in February 2017, cofounded Little
Caesars Pizza in 1959. Mrs. I, as she's known, now owns the pizza chain, which hauls in more
than $4 billion in annual sales. She also owns the Detroit Red Wings and Motor City Casino
Hotel; Mike's Detroit Tigers are now in a family trust. Ilitch is helping build a $1.4 billion
sports and entertainment district in Detroit that includes new headquarters with pizza
shaped windows.
C. Peggy Cherng is co-CEO of the $3.5 billion (sales) Chinese fast food chain Panda Express,
which has over 2,200 locations. In 1982, she left her engineering career to help husband
Andrew open Panda Express' first location in the second largest mall in Los Angeles. Since
then, they have opened over 1000 locations in the US and have even gone international.
Peggy Cheng built the company's systems to streamline operations and track customer
feedback, being particularly interested in providing healthier meal options to their

281
customers. Their Panda Restaurant Group now also owns stakes in fast-casual chains like
Urbane Cafe, Just Salad, Uncle Tetsu and Ippudo. In March 2017 the Cherngs donated $30
million to Caltech's medical engineering department.
D. Sheila Johnson cofounded cable TV channel Black Entertainment Network in 1979 with
her then-husband Robert. Viacom bought it for $2.9 billion in 2001. After her divorce in
2002, she sold off her shares and has since invested in hotels in Florida and Virginia, planes
and horses. Her Innisbrook resort in Palm Harbor, Florida, hosts an annual PGA Tour
championship. She produced critically-acclaimed 2013 film The Butler, which tells the story
of a former slave turned White House employee.
E. Kendra Scott's fortune comes from her majority stake in her eponymous jewellery
company, which has sales of about $360 million. In December 2016, private equity firm
Berkshire Partners invested in the company at a valuation of more than $1 billion. Scott
started making jewellery out of her spare bedroom in Austin, Texas in 2002 after she
couldn't find colour gemstone jewellery she could afford. The business now operates 100
Kendra Scott stores, all of which have Colour Bars where customers can customize their own
jewellery. In addition to selling online and in its own stores, Kendra Scott is also sold at
Nordstrom, Bloomingdale's and other specialty boutiques.
(Adapted from https://www.forbes.com/forbeswomen/#56b09038621e )
Task 1. Are the sentences 1-5 ’Right’ (A) or ’Wrong’ (B)? If there is not enough
information to answer ’Right’ or ’Wrong’ choose ’Doesn’t say’ (C).
1. The number of women who get into Forbes 2019 ranking has increased with 8o as
compared with the previous year.
A) True B) False C) Doesn’t say
2. Each woman included into Forbes ranking has invested into a different kind of business.
3. Altogether, the fortune of the women included into the Forbes fifth annual ranking is of
$81.3 billion.
4. In order to get into Forbes annual ranking, one needs to have a fortune of at least $225
million.

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5. The business women presented in the text make the top five of the Forbes 2019 ranking.
Task 2. Read the text again and find which businesswoman is in the following
situation.
This lady’s company bears her name 1. ………….
These ladies have run the companies since their husbands’ deaths. 2. ………….
3. ………….
Together with their husbands, these ladies have founded companies which were then
expanded as franchises. 4. ………….
5. ………….
This lady’s profession influenced her choices when getting involved in charitable causes.
6. ………….
This businesswoman has invested in TV production, real estates and sports investments.
7. ………….
Customers can get involved in the production of the goods sold by this lady’s company.
8. ………….
The charitable causes supported by these businesswomen have been oriented towards
the development of their places of origin. 9. .………….
10. ………….

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C_1_READING_6
THERE WILL BE NO GOING BACK TO NORMAL
Task 1. Read the article. Five paragraphs have been removed. Choose where the
paragraphs (A-E) fit into the gaps.
Everything has changed nowadays and we need
to prepare for the new normal. Lockdown isn’t
ending any time soon. There is no simple choice
between saving lives and saving the economy;
the two are intertwined. There is no going back
to before corona. Some of us knew this from day
one, others are still in denial. There is the unmistakable feeling that a monumental shift in
how we live is coming.
1.
Some of the new ways of living are starting to emerge, but there is a deep resistance to the
fact that they may be permanent. Daily we see how Covid-19 has made visible existing
inequalities of space, class, ethnicity and gender, but daily we see newer divisions, too. There
is the divide between those who can work at home and those who can’t, whether surgeons
or hairdressers. There are those who find solace in their inner worlds and are able to treat
this time as leisure, even on limited incomes, and those who are lonely and completely adrift.
2.
Many seem to hold on to a cherished concept of work that is increasingly meaningless. Some
people are still working long hours while as a society we face mass unemployment. Whatever
people are doing on Zoom all day, it seems they are still being productive, so surely they
never need to go to an office again? A lot of pointless commuting can stop; people will have
to admit they mostly go to work to escape home. There is nothing wrong with this, but
reinventing ourselves requires a degree of honesty.
3.
If we work less, we consume less, and we have long known that this is what we need to do to
avert the climate crisis. Do we need all this stuff? Clothes and shoes? Do we need people to
tell us next season’s colour? Do we need tantrum-y chefs on our TV screens? Do we need
endless lifestyle tips from celebrities? Well, no.
4.

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Maybe it is too soon to consider all this. The justified criticism of our government does not
alter the fact we are a one-party state for the foreseeable future, so our social rebirth must
come from below. It will not be top down.
5.
The past has been full of purpose and activity and busyness. Much of it is now redundant.
The future belongs to those who understand the arts of life. It is a big ask, this – to reinvent
the wheel – but that time has arrived.
A. There are signs of renewal or reinvention from many young people whose lives are on
hold, but who are coping incredibly well in the circumstances, and from small and local
businesses that have adapted very quickly where they can. But rigidity is found in nearly all
big institutions – from government and the EU to big business and much of our cultural
establishment. There is little agility here, just a hankering for the fantasy return to “normal”.
B. Macron articulated this last week when he said: “This is not a time for falling back on
comfortable ideology. We need to get off the beaten track, reinvent ourselves, find new ways
of living, not least of all me.”
C. We have long been warned that almost half of us would lose our jobs because of the rise
of AI; for a very different reason, this future has arrived. This will clearly be hard. The
pandemic kills some people fast, but it will kill others slowly, through poverty.
D. We can breathe the cleaner air while we miss the pub garden and we can take stock.
Keynes wondered about the challenge of spare time. “Meanwhile, there will be no harm in
making mild preparations for our destiny, in encouraging, and experimenting in, the arts of
life as well as the activities of purpose.”
E. Indeed, one of the hardest things about this crisis is that we all have to live with the
choices we have made, whether we are on our own or with partners, with or without children.
The everyday – untampered by other distractions – is the atomised existential crisis. Is this
my life? What happened?
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/world/commentisfree/2020/apr/2020)
Task 2. a) What is the main idea of the article? Choose between

A. The way we once lived is now redundant, we need to reinvent ourselves
B. Resistance to change is something normal.
C. Lockdown is not going to last forever, after a while, things will fall back into
normal.

285
Task 2. b) Explain the phrases in your own words:

‘There is no simple choice between saving lives and saving the economy; the two are
intertwined’
‘There is nothing wrong with this, but reinventing ourselves requires a degree of honesty.’
‘…..our social rebirth must come from below. It will not be top down.’
‘The future belongs to those who understand the arts of life. It is a big ask, this – to reinvent
the wheel – but that time has arrived’

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C_1_READING_7
RUN LIKE A GIRL
For any new mum battling exhaustion, emotional

unsteadiness and endless laundry, finding some
‘me time’ might sound fanciful. But mum-of-two
Lauren Gregory is adamant that carving out just
15 minutes to go for a jog can be the difference
between a mother coping or falling apart.
“Running for me means getting much-needed
headspace, it is a little break from the constant
hassles of motherhood,” says Lauren, 40, a long-term endurance runner. “Thanks to
running, I’m a better mum because I’m more equipped for the harder days, and I have more
energy. It really helps me, and I really wanted other women to experience the benefits. I
especially wanted to share with other women how important it is to have your own thing.”
In 2015, Lauren used a local mums’ Facebook group to post a tongue-in-cheek call-out titled
‘Run Like a Girl’, looking for women who might like to meet up in her hometown and go for
a run. “There was no plan, I just gave the details of a Tuesday night meet up and I was thrilled
when 23 ladies turned up.(...) I am just as thrilled and proud now when hundreds of ladies
turn up at a session.”
Off the back of the success of that first meet up Lauren set up a ‘Run Like a Girl’ Facebook
group, and soon after she created a free eight-week plan for novice runners to follow. (...) As
the weekly meet-ups garnered more and more interest, ‘Run Like a Girl’ helped to resurrect
a vision of running not as a solo sport but as something that shows the power of community.
As well as this – and crucial to Lauren’s vision – it helped to teach women to invest in
themselves. (...)
Lauren believes that a strict ‘no-one is left at the back on their own’ policy helps bolster new
joiners, and the group’s swelling ranks are testament to that. ‘Run Like a Girl’ has now
reached more than 3,000 women and has qualified run leaders running their own groups in
Warwick, Coventry, Stratford Upon Avon, London and even Australia. (...). But Lauren is
well aware that the power of ‘Run Like a Girl’ stretches far beyond the physical.

287
“My biggest hope is that my love for running will impact others and encourage them to take
on their own goals, showing that it is possible to fit running into your life alongside a family
and career, gaining personal achievement along the way.”
(Adapted from https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/the-movers-list/the-movers-list-
2019-lucozade-sport-lauren-gregory-run-like-a-girl-a9161441.html)
Task 1. Match the highlighted words in the article with their synonyms below:
undertake, growing, instability, resolute, funny, unbelievable, revive, reassure, gathered,
demands

1. What does Lauren Gregory insist on?
2. What does running provide to Lauren?
3. What did ‘Run like a girl’ experience remind people about running?
4. What did Lauren want to prove when she encouraged people to ‘Run like a girl’?
5. What are the physical and mental benefits of running, in your opinion?

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WRITING

289
C_1_WRITING_1
OPINION ESSAY
Write an OPINION ESSAY on the following topic: Personal experience is the best way
of learning about life. Support your ideas with relevant examples from your personal
experience, reading or observation. (250 words)

290
C_1_WRITING_2
FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY
Write a FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY on the following topic: Imagination is more
important than knowledge. Support your ideas with relevant examples from your
personal experience, reading or observation. (250 words)

291
C_1_WRITING_3
ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY
One student expressed the following opinion: Technological progress makes us live
faster, but it also means we have less time for the important things in life, such
as relationships. Your teacher has asked you to write an ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY on
the subject, saying how far you agree with the statement. (250 words)

292
C_1_WRITING_4
ARTICLE
Everyone just talks about the problems our teenage girls are facing and what
they're dealing with. But there was, to me, a void in how they were being
served or helped. I thought, ‘Wow, I'd love to create something’.
(Elizabeth Berkley)
Starting from the above quote, write an ARTICLE on one of the problems facing young
people in our country nowadays. Present the main aspects of the problem/s and suggest
what should be done to overcome it/them. Give your article a title. (250 words)

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C_1_WRITING_5
PROPOSAL
You and some of your schoolmates would like to start a new club of extra-curricular activities
at your school. You have been named to send a proposal to the assistant principal of the
school asking for permission and support.
In your proposal, describe the activities you intend to do and show in what way these
activities will meet the students’ interests and needs, mention that there are already students
who have expressed an intention to participate in these activities, show the fact that the
proposed use of the school facilities will not interfere with the instructional program of the
school and also say what support you would need from the school.
Write your PROPOSAL in about 250 words.

294
C_1_WRITING_6
FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY
Like it or not, video cameras, or closed-circuit television (CCTV), are becoming a more and
more widespread feature of modern life. Fear of crime and illegal activities and the
availability of ever-cheaper cameras have accelerated the trend even more.
While there are many voices supporting the need for the widespread use of the surveillance
systems, there are also others invoking the issue of invasion of privacy and the violation of
civil liberties.
Write a FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY on the issue of security cameras installed in public
places and the people’s right to privacy. (220-250 words)

295
C_1_WRITING_7
ARTICLE
You work for your local newspaper and the editor has sent you the memo below in order to
help you write an article about the hospital in your area.
MEMO
To: Andrew Packham
From: Sharon Thompson, Editor
Andrew,
Got a letter from a Mr. Rivets complaining about the Municipal Hospital. Do some
research on the hospital activity and write an article based on what you find out. You
should focus on:
• The quality of the activity of the Emergency Department;
• The quality of the services provided within the different sections of the hospital and
how the critical conditions are handled;
• The quality of the medical equipment used;
• The frequency of medical errors;
• The quality of the food provided to patients
Write your ARTICLE about the hospital in about 250 words.

296
C_1_WRITING_8
PROPOSAL
You are a member of a committee that is campaigning to help poor areas in your town. Look
at the picture and write the Chairman a proposal to improve this area. Give your view on the
following points:
- why the houses and roads should be improved
- why the inhabitants need various facilities
- suggestions on how to make everything possible on a low budget
Write your PROPOSAL for the Chairman of the committee. (250 words)

297
C_1_WRITING_9
ARTICLE
Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better.
(Albert Einstein)
Starting from the above quote, write an ARTICLE on how beneficial it is for children to spend
time in the open. Give your article a title. (250 words)

298
C_1_WRITING_10
ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY
Take a look at the picture above. Write an ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY on why dog
euthanasia should or shouldn’t be illegal. Give your essay a title. (250 words)

299
LISTENING

300
C_1_LISTENING_1
GUY FAWKES AND THE GUNPOWDER PLOT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0zlMSmUXc4
Task 1. You will hear/watch a short presentation of the history of the

Gunpowder Plot. Before you listen, go through the notes and try to predict what
information is missing. Now, listen to the first part of the recording. For
questions 1-10, complete the notes below.
Born during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, Guy Fawkes was a 1)………….…… Catholic and a
reputed 2)……………... .He asked the king of Spain for assistance in starting a rebellion
against 3)……………………, but Phillip refused/declined.
He later joined what was to be named the
Gunpowder Plot, a 4)…………………. which aimed at
5)………………………the king and installing a Catholic
head of state. Fawkes was responsible for getting
the gunpowder in the cellars under the House of
Lords and 6)………………….. it.
The plan was to blow up the House of Lords during
the State Opening of Parliament on 7)………………….. 1605. The conspirators wanted to kill
the king and as many lords as possible. One of the conspirators was afraid that one Catholic
lord, Baron Monteagle, would get caught in the 8)………………………, so he sent an anonymous
letter which was passed to the king.
The plot was thus revealed and Guy Fawkes, who pretended to be a man named John
Johnson, was caught guarding 9)………………………. of gunpowder. After days of torture, Guy
Fawkes revealed his identity and the other members of the conspiracy. All were then
executed by being 10)…………………………..
Ever since then the English have celebrated Guy Fawkes Night, also known as Bonfire Night
in remembrance of the thwarting of the Gunpowder Plot.

301
Task 2. Listen to/watch the rest of the recording and mark the sentences below
with True/False.
1. People celebrate Guy Fawkes Night by burning effigies of Fawkes

in remembrance of his death on the pyre.
2. Although Guy Fawkes’ night seems to be a sinister celebration, it
is a carefree occasion for families to get together and eat jacket
potatoes baked in the fire.
3. The celebration nowadays is like a mixture of Independence Day
and Thanksgiving.
4. The black-and-white masks worn by the protest groups called
Anonymous are not styled after Guy Fawkes.
5. ‘V for Vendetta’ is a graphic novel written by Alan Moore and illustrated by David Lloyd,
in which a masked terrorist emulating Guy Fawkes wants to overthrow a Fascist British
government in a dystopian future.
6. The Anonymous group uses Guy Fawkes mask because of practical reasons.

302
C_1_LISTENING_2
THE TRUTH ABOUT STONEHENGE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wwLorTA5Dyc
Task 1. Listen to/watch the first part of the recording and mark the sentences
below with True/False.
1. The construction of Stonehenge spanned over ages,

lasting many hundreds of years.
2. The stones are between 2400 and 2200 years old.
3. The earthworks surrounding the stones started
about 1000 years before the actual construction of the
temple
4. The Celts didn’t move to Britain from mainland Europe until around 500BC.
5. Stonehenge was built by the Druids, which is an amazing fact.
Task 2. Now, listen to the second part of the recording. For questions 1-10,
complete the notes below.
The druids were the priests of the 1)………………society during the
Iron Age. Information about them is rather unreliable since it
comes from 2)……………………from other cultures, such as the
Roman invaders, who frequently made reference to the druids as
practitioners of 3)……………………..
The druids were long believed to have built Stonehenge and used
it as a 4)………………………………... The main supporters of such ideas
were John Aubrey (in the 17th century) and William Stukeley (in
the 18th century). The latter was fascinated by Stonehenge and its 5)…………………. area and
believed that the Celts had built the temple since they were the first mentioned inhabitants
of Great Britain. He also noticed that the stones were built to line up with the
6)………………………., which were important dates in the Celtic calendar.
Other 7)………………………..in circulation during the 18th century were that the temple had
been built by the Romans or even by 8)…………………….. Stukeley’s obsession with the druids

303
made him build a Druidic garden at the back of his house. In 1740 he published an elaborate
work entitled ‘Stonehenge, A Temple Restor'd to the British Druids’.
In spite of extensive research carried out by archaeologists, who have discovered that some
of the temple stones were brought from the Wales, hundreds of miles away over
9)……………………… terrain, the real 10)……………………of Stonehenge and its purpose remain
shrouded in mystery.

304
C_1_LISTENING_3
STRESS
https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/10800966/stress-cause-hair-to-go-grey/
https://breakingnewsenglish.com/2001/200126-grey-hair-l.html
Task 1. Listen and answer the following questions:

1. Who conducted the tests?
2. How did scientists manage to induce a level of stress to the mice?
3. What was the result of the tests?
4. What did Ya-Chieh Hsu say about the loss of the pigment?
5. What is the connection between stress and the aging process?
Task2. Listen again and fill in the missing words:

Scientists have discovered that stress is one factor in turning our hair grey, white or
silver - at least, in mice. Stem cell biologists from Harvard University in the USA conducted
a series of tests on mice to … (1) the effects of stress on the rodents. The scientists …. (2) the
mice with an ingredient found in chili peppers that gives them their heat. The compound
made the mice stressed. This caused a …… (3) pigment in the mice to go into ……..(4) as a
reaction to the stress and deplete colour-regenerating stem cells. This caused the mice's hair
to rapidly turn white. Lead researcher, Professor Ya-Chieh Hsu, said: "The……… (5) impact
of stress that we discovered was beyond what I imagined." People have wondered for
centuries about the link between stress and greying hair. It is believed that France's Queen
Marie Antoinette's hair turned white the night before she was……(6)during the French
Revolution in the late-eighteenth century. More recently, we have witnessed the ……(7) of
presidents and other world leaders quickly lose colour. The strains of leadership seem to go
to the……. (8) of things, especially hair follicles. Professor Hsu said the loss of the pigment
regenerating stem cells cannot be …….(9). She said: "Once they're gone, you can't regenerate
pigment any more. The damage is permanent." Worryingly, she ………(10) that stress could
be responsible for accelerating the aging process.

305
C_1_LISTENING_4
EDUCATION
https://breakingnewsenglish.com/1706/170601-education-l.html
Task 1. Listen and answer the questions:

1. Which country is considered to be top of the world education leagues?
2. How could 3D printers be used in class?
3. Would students’ performance be evaluated solely by teachers?
4. How has learning been defined traditionally speaking?
5. What would be in Kirsti’s opinion a major mistake?
Task 2. Listen and fill in the missing words:

Finland is not satisfied with …. (1) being top of the world's education leagues. The
government is now planning to reform its education system so that young Finns are better
prepared for the …. (2). A key part of the proposed reforms is to place as much emphasis
on digital and workplace skills as on more traditional subjects. An example of this would be
to use 3D printers in history classes so students can create models of …. (3) buildings. The
government also wants ... (4) vocational training and encourage learning in real-life work
settings. Students' performance would be evaluated by a teacher as well as by an official from
the company helping the student. One teacher, Kirsti Lonka, explained why ….. (5) in
educational methods was necessary. She said: "Traditionally, learning has been defined as a
list of subject matters and facts you need to acquire, such as …… (6) and grammar…. But
when it comes to real life, our brain is not divided into disciplines in that way. We are
thinking in a very …. (7) way, and when you think about the problems in the world - …. (8),
migration, the economy, the …… (9) era - we haven't really given our children …. (10) to
deal with this inter-cultural world." She added: "I think it is a major mistake if we lead
children to believe that the world is simple, and that if they learn certain facts, they are ready
to go."

306
C_1_LISTENING_5
VANILLA THIEVES OF MADAGASCAR
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nFzAT3cUws
Task 1. Listen to/watch the first part of the video and fill in with the correct
word/phrase:
It’s a difficult journey deep into the forest. There we find Isadora Modelo, but 1)
______________ isn’t for cutting down the branches, it’s a weapon protecting his
plantation against thieves looking for one thing: vanilla.
“The problem has been going on for some time now. If we don't guard our vanilla we will
lose everything. We have to be vigilant 2) ______________. “
3) ______________to Avanizan, a coastal village at the edge of the forest. Many gardens
are full of vanilla. Each vine finds the result 4) ______________of farmers like Leon and
Orestine. The orchid flower that produces these pods 5) ______________a matter of
hours each year. When it does, it 6) ______________by hand, that’s because the bee, that
naturally does it, it’s only found in Mexico. But pollinating the flower is 7)
______________ that the farmers leave.
Just on this vine here there’s a 8) ______________worth of vanilla. When these are dried
that's how much they’ll sell for. They are so valuable that they’ve actually
9) ______________. There is as a name on here because they're trying to avoid theft.

307
It’s all the result of wild rises in the price of vanilla. The global price has gone up over 1000%
in 5-years. 10) ______________out more valuable than silver. But despite the thefts and
violence, there have been many positives for the people of Madagascar: a lot of money has
made it into the pockets of the farmers.
Task 2. Listen to the second part of the documentary and rearrange the
following paragraphs in the correct order:
The land and the people of North East Madagascar are experiencing the light and the
shade brought on by high global vanilla prices.
Walking through the village you get the real sense that things are really happening here.
It's so vibrant! People are constructing houses with better materials, kids are going to
school, the profits from vanilla are really making a difference.
Vanilla is off the menu as a result of prices being too high. For those who want a delicate
flavour, malted milk is on offer.
But it’s just not only in Madagascar that the soaring vanilla prices have been felt. The
other side of the world, Ruby Violet, ice cream Parlor in London, is experiencing the
same issue.
It may look like just a small patch that’s been cleared, especially when you can still see
so much rainforest.
Some ice cream makers said it wasn’t just prices, but quality too. Pods were being picked
too early: Madagascan vanilla wasn’t what it used to be.
Along the north-eastern coast of Madagascar, where the forest meets the sea, an even
bigger threat is visible: protected parks are being destroyed to make way for vanilla.
The boom itself may not last long, but here, its effect, certainly will.
The problem is that there are patterns like this all over the place and it will never grow
back the same way again. It will take hundreds of years to recover what’s been lost.

308
C_1_LISTENING_6
LIVING IN NEW YORK CITY ON A REALISTIC BUDGET
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGgZuv7kUQg
Task 1. Listen to/watch the video and fill in with the correct word/phrase:
Walking on the streets in New York City might be a nightmare, but, on the other hand, one
in 1) _______________ down the same streets live below the national poverty line.
Therefore, New York2) _______________ and living here is not for everyone.
The presenter shows some of the most expensive places to rent and buy in the City today and
they are also 3) _______________different options for the most affordable
neighborhoods.
Renting an apartment is going to be the biggest expense if you live in the city; the money
spent on rent should be less than 4) _______________.
People that are more likely to move to New York City are between the ages of 18 and 30,
meaning that their median income is nowhere near 5) ____________salary of £67,000
in Manhattan.
Manhattan is the most popular but it’s also the smallest. So, it you want to get to its big
businesses and have 6) _______________ there, you should start looking for 7)
_______________somewhere outside it as there are many transportation options for
those living outside of Manhattan.

309
You need to be earning around $150,000 per year, that you can get a co-signer guarantor,
who will make any times 8) _______________. Another best solution would be 9)
_______________. It is not a perfect idea but you have to do 10)
_______________, in order to make it to the city.
Task 2. Listen to/watch the video and mark the sentences below with
True/False.
1. The man’s purpose is to be looking at the top three most affordable neighborhoods in
Manhattan.
2. Stuy Town is number one on his list with its collection of white brick apartment
buildings stretching over 80 Acres.
3. This neighborhood may seem like a city in a city with its peaceful and quiet atmosphere.
4. One drawback he can really think of is that the buildings are pretty bland and they
almost look like hospitals or some kind of institution.
5. Theatre District is down by East 40th Street on the South and West 45 th Street on the
North between 6 and 8 Avenues.
6. The Iconic Times Square is in the Theatre District, where the average price of a studio
runs over $2,900.

310
C_1_LISTENING_7
THE ARCHIVE - THE WORLD’S LARGEST RECORD COLLECTION
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SwXayHbUQ2o&list=PL6ZBGEJrp1LfD4rGDdsmZG
OMGClZJ1S1w&index=16&t=0s
Task 1. Watch the video and mark the sentences below with True/False.
1. The man is talking about the first flat record from 1971, who knows what’s worth.
2. He’s got about 1 million albums in the basement.
3. The Library Congress did a study on the merchandise that he has in his collection and
from 48 to 66, they decided that only 17% that music is available to the public on CD.
4. He stores a single longest record, which was never commercially released, that’s why it
is very rare and it’s worth anywhere between 6-10 thousand dollars.
5. When they just bought a new house, he would keep coming home with records, so after
they had about 60.000 records or so in the basement his partner decided to make him
open a store.
6. According to the speaker, if you want to become a collector you’ve got to keep one copy
of every recording you’ve ever got; therefore, he never sold the last copy of anything.
7. He’s spent the last 10 - 12 years trying to find a buyer for his collection and basically
nobody cares.

311
Task 2. Watch the video and fill in with the correct word/phrase:
He is set to save this collection because 1) ________________ there. People have their
ears closed; they don’t understand what is going on at this moment.
People would wake up and realize what they missed: the music is 100 times better 2)
________________ and he’s had problems with this because 3)
________________, they don’t think that’s true
Nowadays they move the music by computer and what they do is they 4)
________________ they chop off the lows and then they compress everything.
This process cannot be equal to the open sound that you get on a record with a basis in the
highs 5) ________________ in the middle.
He feels sorry that it is all over and it would be rather 6) ________________ everything
that’s there.
The man is sadly concerned that people would never understand, what he’s done, and what
he has, so they would 7) ________________.

312

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Ingrid Călăfăteanu Livia Catana Raluca Gabroveanu

Ingrid Călăfăteanu Livia Catana Raluca Gabroveanu

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Diana Victoria COTESCU, Președinta Asociației profesorilor de limba engleză din

Laura Alina VASILE, membru fondator APLEO, profesor titular

Ingrid CĂLĂFĂTEANU, membru APLEO încă de la înființare,

Livia CATANA, membru APLEO încă de la înființare, profesor de

Raluca Mirela GABROVEANU, membru APLEO de la înființare,

Raluca IGNA, membru fondator APLEO, profesor grad didactic I la

Cristina Angela MIHULESCU, membru fondator APLEO, este

Maria Cristina ROTARU, membru APLEO, are o experiență

Ana Maria ȘTEFĂNESCU, membru APLEO, profesor gradul I,

Corina VASILE membru fondator APLEO, profesor de limba engleză la

LISTENING ………………………………………………………………………………….…… 101

Level B2 …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 114

VOCABULARY ……………………………………………………………………………………. 115

GRAMMAR …………………………………………………………………………………..…… 145

READING ………………………………………………………………………………………..… 170

WRITING ……………………………………………………………………………………..…… 186

LISTENING ………………………………………………………………………………….…… 197

Level C1 ……………………………………………………………………………………….……. 210

VOCABULARY ………………………………………………………………………………..…. 211

GRAMMAR …………………………………………………………………………………….…. 236

READING ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 271

WRITING ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 289

LISTENING …………………………………………………………………………………….... 300

APLEO Companion to teaching English online, volume 1 – B1, B2, C1 este

www.apleo.ro www. blog.apleo.ro contact@apleo.ro

www.apleo.ro www. blog.apleo.ro contact@apleo.ro

I. Choose the correct answer.

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www.apleo.ro www. blog.apleo.ro contact@apleo.ro

I. Write the correct word derived from its corresponding verb.

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1. to look after = to take care of sb./ sth.

Fill in the correct particle.

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www.apleo.ro www. blog.apleo.ro contact@apleo.ro

www.apleo.ro www. blog.apleo.ro contact@apleo.ro

III. Choose the correct word from the following sentences.

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V. Put the verbs in the correct place in the sentences below:

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II. British versus American words

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IV. Choose the correct answer.

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a) patients b) clients c) customers

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