PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE – FORM

AFFIRMATIVE FORM (FORMA AFIRMATIVĂ)

Forma afirmativă a prezentului perfect simplu se alcătuiește cu verbul auxiliar to have la
prezent (have/has)1 urmat de verbul la forma de participiu trecut, V3/-ed. La participiul trecut verbul are
terminația –ed (dacă e verb regulat) sau forma a III-a (dacă e verb neregulat)2. La forma scurtă folosim
auxiliarul to have la forma scurtă (’ve / ’s).

Reguli ortografice când adăugăm terminația –ED la verbele regulate:

1. După verbele care se termină în –E se adaugă doar –D: dance – danced
2. La verbele scurte (monosilabice) care se termină în vocală-consoană (V-C) se dublează consoana
finală înainte de adăugarea terminației –ED: nod – nodded, beg - begged
3. La verbele lungi cu ultima silabă accentuată, terminată în vocală-consoană (V-C) se dublează
consoana finală înainte de adăugarea terminației –ED: commit – committed, prefer – preferred.
4. La verbele terminate în vocală urmată de Y (VOC.+Y), se adaugă –ED: stay – stayed.
5. La verbele terminate în consoană urmată de Y, se transformă Y în I și apoi se adaugă terminația –
ED: try – tried.
6. La verbele terminate în –C, se adaugă –K înainte de a se adăuga terminația –ED: picnic – picnicked,
panic – panicked.

Affirmative – Long form Affirmative – Short form

S HAVE/HAS V3/-ed S’VE/’S V3/-ed
I have spoken I’ve spoken
You have spoken You’ve spoken
He has spoken He’s spoken
She has spoken She’s spoken
It has spoken It’s spoken
We have spoken We’ve spoken
You have spoken You’ve spoken
They have spoken They’ve spoken

NEGATIVE FORM (FORMA NEGATIVĂ)

Forma negativă lungă se alcătuiește cu auxiliarul to have la prezent (have/has) urmat de negația
not. La forma scurtă verbul to have se sudează cu not (haven’t și hasn’t).

Negative – Long form Negative – Short form

S HAVE/HAS NOT V3/-ed S HAVEN’T/HASN’T V3/-ed
I have not spoken I haven’t spoken
You have not spoken You haven’t spoken
He has not spoken He hasn’t spoken
She has not spoken She hasn’t spoken
It has not spoken It hasn’t spoken
We have not spoken We haven’t spoken
You have not spoken You haven’t spoken
They have not spoken They haven’t spoken

1
Formele verbului to have le găsiți la pagina 79.
2
Formele verbelor neregulate le găsiți la sfârșitul cărții în Tabelul verbelor neregulate.
INTERROGATIVE FORM (FORMA INTEROGATIVĂ)
La forma interogativă folosim auxiliarul to have la prezent (have/has) în fața subiectului, iar după
subiect forma de participiu a verbului. Formă scurtă nu există.
Interrogative
HAVE/HAS S V3/-ed?
Have I spoken?
Have you spoken?
Has he spoken?
Has she spoken?
Has it spoken?
Have we spoken?
Have you spoken?
Have they spoken?

INTERROGATIVE-NEGATIVE FORM (FORMA INTEROGATIV-NEGATIVĂ)

La interogativ-negativ, forma lungă, folosim auxiliarul to have în fața subiectului, iar după subiect
negația not și apoi forma de participiu trecut a verbului. La forma scurtă folosim forma contrasă haven’t
în fața subiectului, și după subiect forma de participiu trecut a verbului (V3/-ed).

Interrogative-Negative – Long form Interrogative-Negative – Short form

HAVE/HAS S NOT V3/-ed? HAVEN’T/HASN’T S V3/-ed?
Have I not spoken? Haven’t I spoken?
Have you not spoken? Haven’t you spoken?
Has he not spoken? Hasn’t he spoken?
Has she not spoken? Hasn’t she spoken?
Has it not spoken? Hasn’t it spoken?
Have we not spoken? Haven’t we spoken?
Have you not spoken? Haven’t you spoken?
Have they not spoken? Haven’t they spoken?

SHORT ANSWERS (RĂSPUNSURILE SCURTE)

Răspunsurile scurte se alcătuiesc cu Yes/No urmate de subiect (exprimat prin pronume
personal) și apoi de formele have/has la afirmativ, haven’t/hasn’t la negativ.

Short answers – Affirmative Short answers – Negative

YES, S HAVE/HAS. NO, S HAVEN’T/HASN’T.
Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.
Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t.
Yes, it has. No, it hasn’t.
Yes, we have. No, we haven’t.
Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.
Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.
 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS – FORM
AFFIRMATIVE FORM (FORMA AFIRMATIVĂ)
Formăm prezentul perfect continuu la afirmativ, forma lungă, folosind auxiliarul to have la
prezent, cu formele have/has, urmat de auxiliarul to be (ca auxiliar al aspectului continuu) cu forma been
(participiu trecut) și apoi de verbul terminația –ing (participiu prezent). La forma scurtă folosim formele
scurte ale auxiliarului to have (’ve/’s).

Affirmative – Long form Affirmative – Short form

S HAVE/HAS BEEN V-ing S’VE/’S BEEN V-ing
I have been speaking I’ve been speaking
You have been speaking You’ve been speaking
He has been speaking He’s been speaking
She has been speaking She’s been speaking
It has been speaking It’s been speaking
We have been speaking We’ve been speaking
You have been speaking You’ve been speaking
They have been speaking They’ve been speaking

NEGATIVE FORM (FORMA NEGATIVĂ)

Forma lungă de negativ se formează cu aceleași auxiliare ca la forma de afirmativ, inserând
negația not după primul auxiliar, verbul to have. La forma scurtă, folosim formele contrase ale auxiliarului
to have cu negația not, adică haven’t, respectiv hasn’t.

Negative – Long form Negative – Short form

S HAVE/HAS NOT BEEN V-ing S HAVEN’T/HASN’T V-ing
I have not been speaking I haven’t been speaking
You have not been speaking You haven’t been speaking
He has not been speaking He hasn’t been speaking
She has not been speaking She hasn’t been speaking
It has not been speaking It hasn’t been speaking
We have not been speaking We haven’t been speaking
You have not been speaking You haven’t been speaking
They have not been speaking They haven’t been speaking

INTERROGATIVE FORM (FORMA INTEROGATIVĂ)

Forma interogativă e alcătuită cu auxiliarul to have la prezent (have/has) în fața subiectului,
urmat de been și apoi de verb cu terminația –ing. Interogativul nu are forme scurte.

Interrogative
HAVE/HAS S BEEN V-ing?
Have I been speaking?
Have you been speaking?
Has he been speaking?
Has she been speaking?
Has it been speaking?
Have we been speaking?
Have you been speaking?
Have they been speaking?
INTERROGATIVE-NEGATIVE FORM (FORMA INTEROGATIV-NEGATIVĂ)
Forma de interogativ-negativ e alcătuită cu auxiliarul to have la prezent (have/has) în fața
subiectului, urmat de negația not, auxiliarul been și apoi de verb cu terminația –ing. La forma scurtă
folosim formele contrase haven’t/hasn’t în fața subiectului.

Interrogative – Long form Interrogative – Short form

HAVE/HAS S NOT BEEN V-ing? HAVEN’T/HASN’T S BEEN V-ing?
Have I not been speaking? Haven’t I been speaking?
Have you not been speaking? Haven’t you been speaking?
Has he not been speaking? Hasn’t he been speaking?
Has she not been speaking? Hasn’t she been speaking?
Has it not been speaking? Hasn’t it been speaking?
Have we not been speaking? Haven’t we been speaking?
Have you not been speaking? Haven’t you been speaking?
Have they not been speaking? Haven’t they been speaking?

SHORT ANSWERS (RĂSPUNSURILE SCURTE)

Răspunsurile scurte se alcătuiesc ca la prezentul perfect simplu: cele afirmative cu Yes, subiect
(exprimat prin pronume personal) și have/has, iar cele negative cu No, subiect (exprimat prin pronume
personal) și haven’t/hasn’t.

Short Answers – Affirmative Short Answers – Negative

YES, S HAVE/HAS. NO, S HAVEN’T/HASN’T.
Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.
Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t.
Yes, it has. No, it hasn’t.
Yes, we have. No, we haven’t.
Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.
Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.