Necesitatea excelentei

• Protection and Indemnity insurance (commonly referred to as “P&I”)

provides cover to shipowners and charterers against third-party
liabilities encountered in their commercial operations. Responsibility
for damage to cargo, for pollution, for the death, injury or illness of
passengers or crew and for damage to docks and other installations
are examples of typical exposures.

(http://www.american-club.com/go.cfm/about_us)
• Datorita conditiilor de munca si pentru prevenirea accidentelor de
munca, armatorii au solicitat examinari din ce in ce mai complexe
ale personalului navigant.
• Standardele de examinare au devenit din ce in ce mai dure.
• S-a impus necesitatea existentei unor clinici si a unor medici
recunoscuti international – pe baza calitatii actului medical prestat de
acestia.
• S-au pus bazele unor fise de examinare comun acceptate si
recunoscute
• Actual autoritatile maritime desemneaza clinici si medici – dupa
auditari riguroase – care sa presteze examinarile medicale ale
personalului navigant conform standardelor fiecarei autoritati in parte
• Medicii si clinicile acreditate au obligatia de a se conforma unor
standarde in ceea ce priveste locatia, circuitele, echipamentele ,
abilitatile si capabilitatile medicale cerute de autoritatile
internationale
• Lipsa specialitatii in Romania de sine statatoare – ca medicina
maritima – impune obtinerea de acreditari si aprobari internationale
• Autoritatile internationale urmaresc constant si riguros calitatea
serviciilor prestate de medicii si clinicile acreditate prin audituri
regulate si prin cererea de rapoarte de activitate.
•Scaderea standardelor de calitate a
examinarilor , feed backul oferit de personalul
navigant precum si un numar mare de repatrieri
medicale duce invariabil la pierderea acreditarii
de catre clinica/medicul implicat
•Armatorii solicita diferite tipuri de fise
maritime – de fond sau de pavilion, ceea ce
implica eforturi sustinute ale personalului
medical pentru intrunirea tuturor cerintelor
armatorilor.
*Repatrierea medicala a unui navigator
declanseaza o serie de actiuni cu implicatii
serioase: necesitatea gasirii de urgenta a unui
inlocuitor, care sa fie examinat si trimis,
achitarea costurilor de spitalizare si repatriere a
navigatorului, achitarea unui compensatii
materiale pe durata concediului medical,
achitarea de compensatii materiale familiei in
cazul decesului navigatorului la bordul navei
( in cuantum de aprox 100 000 eur)
• Lipsa unui membru al echipajului implica retinerea navei la cheu (nu
este permisa plecarea cu echipaj incomplet) – cu costuri imense
pentru armator : intarzierea in livrarea marfurilor , neonorarea
comenzilor, posibilitatea declansarii unei situatii mult mai grave cum
ar fi dezinhibarea unei substante chimice periculoase prin prelungirea
timpului pana la descarcare (datorita depasirii timpului de viata al
substantei inhibitoare)
• In general costurile intarzierilor si a nerespectarii programului unei
nave costa armatorul intre 200 000 si 250 000 eur /zi.
• Armatorul isi rezerva dreptul de a da in judecata clinica prestatoare a
examinarii in conditiile in care cauza intarzierilor a fost generata de o
stare medicala precunoscuta sau ignorata de catre medicii
examinatori
• Din aceste considerente, s-au facut eforturi considerente si constante
in privinta prevenirii imbolnavirilor la bordul navei, a repatrierilor
medicale si a deceselor pe mare – de aici – elaborarea de standarde si
ghiduri medicale foarte concise si clare , acreditarea si aprobarea
medicilor familiarizati cu conditiile speciale de munca pe mare,
verificarea acestora si a calitatii actului medical prestat de acestia.
• Unul din programele derivat din toate aceste constatari este
programul PEME – Pre-Employment Medical Examination
• To ensure that crew are fit and to reduce the potential for unnecessary
claims, Steamship Mutual offers a rigorous and enhanced PEME. Using
only recommended clinics, the scheme aims to ensure that seafarers who are
medically unfit are not given clearance to serve at sea.
• As part of the Club’s ongoing loss prevention programme, a PEME scheme
was introduced in January 2009 for crewmembers recruited in the
Philippines, in an effort to reduce the risk of unnecessary crew claims
arising from pre-existing medical conditions. Further details are given in the
PEME brochure and also in Club circular B.479 of December 2008.
• The scheme is based upon enhanced examinations designed to screen for
conditions likely to be encountered for personnel in three age bands – under
30, 31 to 45, and 46 and over. These examination standards have been
compiled with the assistance of independent UK based consultants –
Medical Rescue International (MRI). The Medical Examination Records for
the three age bands can also be downloaded below.

(http://www.simsl.com/Loss-Prevention-and-Safety-Training/PEME.html)
• Datorita conditiilor specifice ale acestei activitati – examinarea
medicala trebuie facuta cu putin timp inainte de plecarea in voiaj
( putin inainte pentru a asigura deplasarea in stare de sanatate a
marinarului la nava, dar suficient timp pentru a permite reevaluari ale
analizelor sau de specialitate daca starea medicala a marinarului o
impune
• Este necesara o evaluare cat mai amanuntita si o stadializare a
problemelor medicale existente pentru a putea stabili aptitudinea
marinarului de a naviga si riscul de agravare al unor stari
preexistente.
Examination (PEME) program in the two largest labor supplying countries
providing seafarers to Member’s vessels: Ukraine and the Philippines. On 20
February 2006, the Board of Directors of the American Club made it mandatory
for all Members to use the Club approved clinics in these countries or be
subject to a double-retention deductible for illness claims. The program was
further extended in 2006 and 2008 to include seafarers from India, Indonesia,
Latvia, Poland, Romania and Russian Federation.
The PEME program continues to be successful in reducing the frequency of
illness claims arising in respect of seafarers employed on American Club
entered vessels which would otherwise have arisen.
In this document, the American Club presents the set of medical tests,
examinations and associated standards that have been used for the mandatory
PEME program, and a new medical history questionnaire that should form an
integral part of the PEME.
Your Managers recommend that Members review the list of examinations
carefully with their crewing departments and manning agents for each country
from where seafarers are employed. In addition, Members should remain
vigilant vis-à-vis their manning agents to ensure PEMEs are carried out
objectively, and without influence from the manning agent or the seafarer.
The examination forms are fully comprehensive. However, certain tests and
procedures may be subject to limitations in accordance with local or national
laws and regulations (e.g. HIV testing) and Members should ensure that they
have a clear understanding of any such limitations.
As with the mandatory PEME program, it is recommended that this be an
annual examination at a minimum.
We hope this guidance will help Members in providing a framework for PEMEs
and a consistent set of standards which will assist Members in controlling
claims arising from pre-existing conditions.
Finally, these Guidelines are a living document and will be periodically updated
and upgraded to further refine the PEME program.

Dr. William Moore

Senior Vice President
Shipowners Claims Bureau, Inc., Managers
American Club
New York
AMERICAN CLUB PRE-EMPLOYMENT MEDICAL EXAMINATION
ACCEPTANCE GUIDELINES
INTRODUCTION
The following parameters should be used as guidance for considering a seafarer or other shipboard
personnel as being medically fit for duty. There are variations in acceptability standards depending
upon many different factors but these are the standards that the American Club deems a seafarer as
being fit for duty.
1. Medical History Questionnaire
Ensure that the medical history questionnaire is completed and in particular the Declaration at the
completion of filling out this form. The Declaration is important should their be a future claim that may
have been related to a pre-existing condition that may have not been reported.
2. Physical Examination
A basic physical examination should include at a minimum measurements of height, weight and blood
pressure. In addition, medical discretion should be used to consider if there are any abnormalities
through a simple visual and physical examination of the seafarer.
a. Body Mass Index (BMI)
• Kilograms and meters (or centimeters) Formula: weight (kg) / [height (m)]2
• Pounds and inches Formula: weight (lb) / [height (in)]2 x 703
With the metric system, the formula for BMI is weight in kilograms divided by height in meters
squared. Since height is commonly measured in centimeters, divide height in centimeters by 100 to
obtain height in meters.
Example: Weight = 68 kg, Height = 165 cm (1.65 m)
Calculation: 68 ÷ (1.65)2 = 24.98
Calculate BMI by dividing weight in pounds (lbs) by height in inches (in) squared and multiplying by a
conversion factor of 703.
Example: Weight = 150 lbs, Height = 5’5” (65")
Calculation: [150 ÷ (65)2] x 703 = 24.96
The standard weight status categories associated with BMI ranges for adults are shown in the
following table.
BMI Weight Status
Below 18.5 Underweight
18.5 – 24.9 Normal
25.0 – 29.9 Overweight
30.0 and Above Obese
b. Blood pressure
Blood pressure measured between 110/60 to the upper limit of 140/90.
3. Dental Examination
Visual test to identify teeth with problems (crooked, cavity, removed, etc.) and properly document
those abnormalities—a dental chart with this information will be sufficient. If there are any teeth or
oral conditions that could possibly worsen and need for a dentist’s attention during the duration of the
Seafarer’s contract at sea, these should be rectified before being considered fit for duty.
4. Psychological
Standard tests if available. In some jurisdictions, a seafarer could also provide Military ticket or
certificate that proves that they were not committed to a mental hospital or facility.
5. Visual Tests
Standard tests (Snellen—standard letter ‘tests’). Deck watch keeping personnel should have, at a
minimum, 20/20 vision. For personnel without watchkeeping duties, consideration should be made on
a case-by case basis if outside this guideline
6. Color Vision
Ishihara/Rapkin test –Seafarers with watchkeeping duties should be given to ensuring no color
differentiation problems with red and green. For personnel with non-watchkeeping duties, consider on
a case-by-case basis.
7. Audiometry
Standard hearing test and a ‘Whisper Test’. The Whisper Test is performed 3-6 meters (10 to 20 feet)
away from the applicant to determine if they can hear from a distance.
• For deck personnel, the minimum distance for the Whisper Test is 3 meters (10 feet).
• For engine room personnel, the minimum distance for the Whisper Test is 3.5 meters (11.5
feet).
8. Chest X-Ray
Annual chest x-ray (i.e. once every year) to check for any recognizable abnormalities. X-rays should
be properly labeled as “Anterior/Posterior” or “Posterior/Anterior.”
9. EKG
Standard testing to determine if there are abnormalities.
10. Urinalysis
• If heamaturia (blood in urine) is observed, then an ultrasound should be conducted and if it shows
further small abnormalities, then crewman has option of an Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP).
• If it is found that there is protein and/or glucose in the urine, assess further because it can show a
potential problem (e.g. hypertension, kidney problems or diabetes).
11. Fecalysis (food service or food handling personnel only)
Non-obligatory for standard ship crew but obligatory for food service personnel.
Page 8
12. Complete Blood Count (normally checking for anemia)
Check for anemia, platelet count, white-blood cell count.
13. Ultrasound examination
An ultrasound examination should be conducted to detect the presence of gall and/or kidney stones.
14. Fasting Blood Sugar (Checks blood sugar the following day after not eating after midnight)
The following group of tests should be considered under the Fasting Blood Sugar examination:
• Glucose
• Cholesterol
• Creatinine
• Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
• Uric Acid
• Erythrocyte sediment test
• Thrombocytes
15. Hep B Antigen
If screening is positive then further profile should be considered depending upon seafarer’s exposure.
If positive, and the virus is active and the seafarer should be automatically disqualified from active
duty. Otherwise no problem (but see SGPT SGOT—will pick up all forms of Hep)
16. VDRL
If VDRL test is found positive, a T. Pallidum Hemagglutination Assay can be considered as an
additional test at the Member’s discretion.
17. HIV Test
The American Club has required testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) for seafarers
however there are countries where such testing is either illegal or must be conducted with the
seafarers consent. Consideration should be given
18. Stress Test
Stress tests should be performed under two conditions if:
• indicated by abnormalities during resting EKG, stress test should be performed to determine if
there are any other abnormalities; or
• If the seafarer is 40 years of age or older.
19. Diabetes
Diabetes can normally be detected through various series of tests reflected through Fasting Blood
Sugar testing. A seafarer can be acceptable on a case-by-case basis for oral medication only–at
owners / doctors discretion provided that proper oral medication is provided for duration of time at sea
or at least 3 months with a provision to replenish oral medication before subscription is finished.
Otherwise, non-oral medication is not acceptable for seafarers.
Page 9
20. Liver Function Test (SGPT & SGOT)
SGOT between 8-38 and an SGPT level between 9-52 are considered normal.
21. Alcohol/Drug Test
At a minimum, tests for the following should be considered:
• alcohol abuse (various tests above can possibly detect alcohol abuse such as SGOT and
SGPT testing);
• THC/cannabis;
• cocaine;
• barbiturates; and
• amphetamines.
• Cerintele unei fise de tip American P&I:
Examinare fizica +istoric+ dentara +Ishihara (PE)

Testare psihologica (Psychologica test)

Radiografie pulmonara (lung X-ray)
EKG (EKG)
Audiometrie (Audiometry)
Spirometrie (Spirometry)
Test de effort (Stress test)
Ecografie abdominala ( Abdominal ultrasound)
Hemoleucograma (CBC)
VSH (ESR)
Glicemie (Seric glucose)
Ex sumar de urina (Urinalysis)
VDRL (VDRL)
TGO (SGOT)
TGP (SGTP)
Colesterol seric (Seric Cholesterol )
Creatinina serica (Seric Creatinine)
Uree (BUN)
Ac uric (Uric Acid)
* Cerintele unei fise de tip American P&I:

AgHBs (HbsAg)

Ac anti HCV ( HCV Ab)

HIV (HIV Test 1+2)
Grup sanguin (Blood type)
Test drog alcool (drug and alcohol test )
Coproparazitologic ( Parasitological stool exam) *
Ex coprobacteriologic ( Stool culture )*
• Actual majoritatea firmelor de crewing, la cererea armatorilor solicita ca
Radiografia pulmonara sa nu fie mai veche de 12 luni.
• Majoritatea armatorilor solicita seturi complete de analize, precum si
ecografie
• Tendinta actuala este de a solicita tuturor navigatorilor in varsta de peste 40
ani efectuarea testului de efort
• Din acestea deriva necesitatea existentei tuturor acestor facilitati in cadrul
aceleiasi locatii
• Cerinte NMD ( Directorat Maritim Norvegian) FORMULAR NIS  
• 1-CLINIC GENERALA
• 2 - AUDIOMETRIE
• 3- RADIOGRAFIE PULMONARA
• 4-VSH
• 5-HEMOLEUCOGRAMA
• 6-EXAMEN SUMAR DE URINA
• 7-TGO
• 8-TGP
• 9-GLICEMIE
• 10-GGT
• 11-UREE SERICA
• 12-CREATININA SERICA
• 13-COLESTEROL TOTAL
• 14-TRIGLICERIDE
• 15-ECOGRAFIE ABDOMINALA
• 16-ELECTROCARDIOGRAMA
• Cerinte OGUK – former UKOOA:
• Examinare clinica generala
• audiometrie,
• Electrocardiograma
• Certificat dentar
• Test drog alcool
• Hemoleucograma
• VSH
• Examen sumar de urina
• Glicemie
• Colesterol
• Creatinina
• Grup sanguin
• Rh
• Radiografie pulmonara
• Acreditari:
• 1) American P&I - http://www.american-club.com/index.cfm?
objectId=57B56F1E-1185-12E0-578F4CD251C6D714
• (actual in Constanta – exista o singura clinica concurenta cu aceasta
acreditare)
• 2) OGUK (Oil&Gas UK, former UKOOA) -
http://www.oilandgasuk.co.uk/knowledgecentre/doctors-list.cfm
• (actual un singur alt medic aprobat – in Brasov )
• 3) Directoratul Maritim Norvegian
• http://www.sjofartsdir.no/en/Fartoy_in_english/Seamens_doctors/
• (actual in Constanta singura clinica. In tara mai sunt acreditati
Medicover Bucuresti – 1 medic si PDR Brasov – 2 medici)
• 4) Casa Maritima – Casa Genoa
• http://www.salute.gov.it/ministero/sezMinistero.jsp?label=uffici&id=389
• (actual un alt medic in Constanta – Cermed si altul in Bucuresti )
• 5) Malayesian Maritime Authority - si indirect
aprobare Singapore
• http://www.marine.gov.my/service/doctorlist.pdf
• (actual inca 3 medici aprobati – prin diferiti armatori – Iuliana
Botezatu, Marmedic, Cermed)
• Reprezinta o medicina de nisa , bazata pe acreditarile internationale
• Acreditarile se obtin “in solidar” datorita locatiei, dotarilor clincii,
experientei si calitatilor medicului aprobat
• Firmele de crewing recomanda armatorilor colaborarea cu anumite
clinici in baza renumelui in ceea ce priveste calitatea actului medical
precum si existenta acreditarilor internationale
• Experienta in domeniu reprezinta un punct forte
• Actual in clinica se pot efectua un numar de aproximativ 60 de tipuri
de fise maritime, cu particularitati de examinare, de investigatii si
analize de laborator
• Actual clinica detine aproximativ 60% din piata firmelor de crewing
din Romania, cu extindere continua
• Cerintele armatorilor sunt in perpetuua schimbare la care trebuie sa
ne raliem rapid pentru a mentine standardele
Avantajele noastre:
•Experienta in domeniu de peste 10 ani
•Locatie acceptata – situata ultracentral si avand toate
dotarile necesare in aceeasi locatie (cabinete, ecografie,
radiologie, analize)
•Ne-am impus pe piata maritima prin calitatea
examinarilor si prin reducerea masiva a cazurilor de
repatriere medicala pentru firmele de crewing cu care
colaboram
•Dotarile clinicii conforme cu cerintele/standardele
internationale in domeniu
Dezavantaje:
•Existenta clincilor concurente care folosesc politica unui pret de
dumping
•Datorita specificitatii acestui tip de serviciu– fisele maritime trebuie
lucrate in sistem de urgenta – eliberare in aceeasi zi, maxim a doua zi
dimineata
•Prin complexitatea fiselor – navigatorul trebuie sa intre in diferite
cabinete si mareste timpul de stationare al acestuia in clinica , lucru
care genereaza feed back negativ in conditiile circuitelor comune –
FFS, med muncii, maritima, card.