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Rezumat TRIFAN ADRIANA PDF
Rezumat TRIFAN ADRIANA PDF
Popa Iai
Facultatea de Farmacie
Coordonator tiinific,
Doctorand,
2012
Cuvinte cheie: Coriandrum sativum L., Carum carvi L., essential oil, polyphenolic
fraction: chemical composition and variability.
Lucrarea este structurat n dou pri ce cuprind 6 capitole, dintre care 5 constituie partea
personal. Dintre acestea, capitolele III-VI sunt contribuia proprie, original, la subiectul
tratat, capitolul II reprezentnd materialele, metodele i tehnicile utilizate pentru realizarea
acestui studiu.
TEZA prezint urmtorul CUPRINS:
PARTEA GENERAL
CAPITOLUL I. STADIUL ACTUAL AL CUNOATERII CU PRIVIRE LA
PRODUSELE CORIANDRI FRUCTUS I CARVI FRUCTUS ................................... 7
PARTEA PERSONAL
MOTIVAREA ALEGERII SUBIECTULUI TEZEI, SCOPUL I OBIECTIVELE
URMRITE .................................................................................................................. 57
CAPITOLUL II. MATERIAL, METODE I TEHNICI DE LUCRU...................... 59
2.1. Prezentarea materialului vegetal luat n lucru ..................................................... 59
2.1.1. Coriandri fructus ....................................................................................... 59
2.1.2. Carvi fructus .............................................................................................. 61
2.2. Analiza farmacognostic macroscopic i microscopic .................................... 63
2.2.1. Analiza macroscopic ............................................................................... 63
2.2.2. Studiul microscopic al pulberilor de Coriandri fructus i Carvi fructus . 63
2.3. Analiza fitochimic a probelor de coriandru i chimion incluse n studiu .......... 64
2.3.1. Obinerea extractelor ................................................................................. 64
2.3.2. Analiza chimic calitativ i cantitativ .................................................... 66
2.3.2.1. Studiul chimic calitativ prin cromatografie pe strat subire ....................... 66
2.3.2.2. Determinarea cantitativ a uleiurilor volatile ............................................ 68
2.3.2.3. Analiza calitativ i cantitativ a fraciunilor volatile prin tehnici
gazcromatografice .................................................................................................. 68
2.3.2.4. Analiza chimic calitativ i cantitativ a fraciunii polifenolice .............. 69
2. REZULTATE I DISCUII
Omagiu
Sandra
Endosperm cu microcristale i
microrozete de oxalat de calciu
Mezocarp cu sclereide
poligonale, endocarp adiacent
Fascicule conductoare
Compus
-pinen
camfen
sabinen
-pinen
mircen
limonen
-terpinen
-terpinolen
D-linalool
camfor
borneol
terpinen-4-ol
-terpineol
citronelol
neral
geraniol
geranial
anetol
carvacrol
acetat de neril
acetat de geranil
-cariofilen
O1
0.62
0.13
0.13
0.16
0.45
7.59
0.65
0.38
73.43
4.19
0.25
0.23
0.74
0.20
0.06
2.84
0.09
0.30
0.16
0.60
2.80
0.17
O2
0.66
0.15
0.12
0.15
0.44
7.34
0.66
0.35
75.07
4.26
0.19
0.21
0.74
0.18
0.02
3.20
0.08
0.28
0.10
0.50
2.80
0.08
Determinat %
O3
O4
0.40
1.54
0.10
0.28
0.19
0.16
0.26
0.29
0.61
5.21
8.85
1.09
0.83
0.28
0.41
73.57
72.64
5.39
4.27
0.61
0.22
0.66
0.20
1.17
0.44
0.47
0.18
0.12
0.04
3.63
2.87
0.07
0.26
0.23
0.24
0.11
0.40
0.50
3.09
2.61
0.24
0.08
O5
0.76
0.16
0.13
0.17
0.49
7.32
1.20
0.35
74.87
4.16
0.20
0.28
0.63
0.18
0.04
2.93
0.06
0.20
0.11
0.44
2.77
0.11
O6
0.64
0.14
0.08
0.14
0.27
4.83
1.23
0.39
74.09
5.30
0.61
0.72
0.58
0.51
0.11
3.94
0.29
0.24
0.31
2.99
0.26
10
RI
1478
Determinat %
Compus
-humulen
O1
0.28
O2
0.28
O3
0.16
O4
0.20
O5
0.21
O6
0.15
Total identificat
96.45
97.86
97.54
97.67
97.77
97.82
Alte componente
3.55
2.14
2.46
2.33
2.23
2.18
O1
O2
O3
O4
O5
O6
0.62
0.66
0.40
1.54
0.76
0.64
1.5-5.0 %
7.59
7.34
5.21
8.85
7.32
4.83
-terpinen
1.5-8.0 %
0.65
0.66
1.09
0.83
1.20
1.23
p-cimen
0.5-4.0 %
camfor
3.0-6.0 %
4.19
4.26
5.39
4.27
4.16
5.30
D-linalool
65.0-78.0 %
73.43
75.07
73.57
72.64
74.87
74.09
-terpineol
acetat de
geranil
t-geraniol
0.1-1.5 %
0.74
0.74
1.17
0.44
0.63
0.58
0.5-4.0 %
2.80
2.80
3.09
2.61
2.77
2.99
0.5-3.0 %
2.84
3.20
3.63
2.87
2.93
3.94
Component
-pinen
limonen
Determinat (%)
u<0.01 %
11
Determinat (%)
O1
O2
O3
O4
O5
O6
Monoterpene
10.11
9.87
7.53
12.97
10.58
7.72
Monoterpenoli
77.99
79.87
80.37
76.78
79.29
80.74
Monoterpen-cetone
4.19
4.26
5.39
4.27
4.16
5.30
Monoterpen-aldehide
0.15
0.10
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.11
Monoterpen-esteri
3.40
3.30
3.49
3.11
3.21
3.30
Sescviterpene
0.45
0.36
0.40
0.28
0.32
0.41
Compui aromatici
0.16
0.10
0.24
0.11
0.11
0.24
12
= monoterpenoli;
= monoterpene;
monoterpen- aldehide;
= monoterpen-esteri;
= sescviterpene;
= monoterpen-cetone;
= compui aromatici.
13
Intensitate de
aciune
Aciuni sistemice
antistres-adaptogen
+++
imunomodulator
+++
armonizant hormonal
+++
armonizant cardiovascular
+++
dermoregenerator
+++
analgezic
antiinflamator
++
contrairitant dermic
modulator corticosuprarenal
+++
antibacterian
antiviral
stimulant general
+++
+++
psiho-relaxant
+++
psihotonic
+++
+++
14
50
40
20
10
30
20
10
15
O1
O2
O3
O4
O5
O6
16
Activitate (%)
CE50
(g/mL)
40 mg/mL
20 mg/mL
10 mg/mL
5 mg/mL
O1
84.56 0.13
60.91 0.98
41.97 0.25
14.19 0.12
223.6 4.4
O2
89.85 0.19
63.18 0.17
41.42 0.44
18.60 0.27
219.1 2.4
O3
88.14 0.08
57.03 0.49
35.61 1.31
14.81 0.14
265.5 6.7
O4
89.61 0.07
62.78 0.23
36.72 0.53
16.10 0.27
237.3 2.4
O5
89.36 0.18
67.76 0.98
42.24 0.69
18.36 0.07
205.8 4.3
O6
89.19 0.27
61.28 0.14
36.84 0.65
15.86 0.24
242.1 2.7
Comparativ cu acidul galic, folosit ca martor, pentru care s-a obinut o concentraie
eficient 50 de 1.5 g/mL, extractele de coriandru au o activitate mai redus.
Activitatea de chelatare a ionului feros a extractelor polifenolice de coriandru fost
investigat folosind tot 4 concentraii, cuprinse ntre 5 mg/mL i 40 mg/mL (tabelul 6).
Totodat, s-au calculat i concentraiile eficiente 50, varianta cea mai activ fiind O4, iar O1
avnd activitatea chelatant cea mai mic.
Tabelul 6. Activitatea de chelatare a ionului feros coriandru Omagiu, 2011
Prob
Activitate (%)
CE50
(g/mL)
40 mg/mL
20 mg/mL
10 mg/mL
5 mg/mL
O1
93.24 0.66
75.39 0.61
43.31 0.61
25.73 0.27
182.0 2.7
O2
96.90 0.59
82.40 1.19
52.51 0.42
32.96 0.40
152.5 2.3
O3
93.51 0.82
76.75 1.09
48.69 0.74
28.34 1.14
172.2 3.2
O4
96.79 1.30
79.46 0.40
53.44 0.43
31.59 0.79
149.4 2.3
O5
98.18 0.37
77.27 0.78
50.77 1.12
25.58 0.61
163.2 4.8
17
Prob
O6
Activitate (%)
40 mg/mL
20 mg/mL
10 mg/mL
5 mg/mL
95.26 0.42
76.27 0.84
47.71 0.87
27.03 1.22
CE50
(g/mL)
176.2 3.7
CE50 (g/mL)
300
CE50 (g/mL)
200
200
100
100
0
O1
O2
O3
O4
O5
O6
O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6
18
100
98
1%
2.5 %
5%
96
94
92
90
Martor
O2
O5
O6
V5
V6
Lungime
rdcin
(mm)SD
Lungime
tulpin
(mm)SD
Greutate
rdcini (g)
Gp
Gu
137.3719.24
115.4617.78
6.55
0.85
Ap
(%)
Greutate
tulpini (g)
Ap
(%)
Gp
Gu
87.02
9.54
1.40
85.33
1%
165.3935.13
117.3318.06
6.10
0.90
85.25
9.44
1.43
84.85
2.5%
154.518.52
121.5016.91
7.68
0.88
88.54
9.95
1.44
85.53
5%
146.4120.36
120.5413.73
6.36
0.86
86.48
9.67
1.43
85.21
1%
168.7428.32
126.6922.56
7.43
0.92
87.62
10.62
1.58
85.12
2.5%
158.7519.39
121.6316.41
6.01
0.81
86.52
10.13
1.50
85.19
5%
146.8817.87
115.5320.06
6.07
0.83
86.33
9.20
1.33
85.54
1%
148.1515.61
117.4823.48
6.80
0.89
86.91
9.92
1.44
85.48
2.5%
154.9821.56
124.7514.34
6.76
0.83
87.72
9.80
1.43
85.41
5%
140.5719.56
118.7521.38
6.66
0.82
87.69
9.55
1.42
85.13
19
6
5
4
1%
2.5 %
5%
3
2
1
0
Martor
O2
O5
O6
Telofaz cu punte
Telofaz cu puni i
micronucleu
Anafaz cu punte i
cromozom retardatar
Ana-telofaz cu puni
Figura 10. Aspecte citogenetice nregistrate pentru meristemele radiculare de gru dup
aplicarea tratamentului cu extracte de coriandru Omagiu, 2011
Corobornd datele studiului fitobiologic, putem concluziona c extractele de
coriandru conin polifenoli lipsii de toxicitate i mai ales de genotoxicitate.
n ceea ce privete variabilitatea compoziiei chimice ntre cei trei ani de investigare
i influena acesteia asupra aciunii biologice, am ncercat s realizm o corelare a
coninutului n polifenoli cu aciunea antioxidant.
Astfel, coninutul n polifenoli totali n extractele uscate obinute din variantele de
cultur Omagiu n cei trei ani de studiu, 2009-2011, a variat n sensul c n anul 2010, acesta a
20
fost cel mai redus, iar n anul 2011, cel mai ridicat (figura 11). Rmnea de vzut n ce msur
aceast variaie influeneaz i potena aciunii antioxidante n cei trei ani de cultur.
mg ac. galic/g extract polifenolic
60
40
2009
2010
2011
20
200
2009
2010
2011
100
21
CE50 (g/mL)
200
150
2009
2010
2011
100
50
0
Figura 13. Variaia CE50 n cazul testului de chelatare a ionului feros pentru extractele
variantelor de cultur Omagiu
Trgnd linie, constatm c prin ambele teste realizate efectul antioxidant cel mai intens
s-a obinut pentru reziduul polifenolic separat din probele anului 2009, n care cantitatea de
polifenoli de tip acid galic a fost mic. n acelai timp, mostrele provenite din cultura anului
2011, bogate n componente polifenolice, au prezentat o aciune antioxidant mai mic.
n consecin, se pare c nu doar cantitatea de polifenoli totali determin eficiena
antioxidant, ci i raporturile n care se gsesc diferitele componente n fitocomplexul luat
n studiu.
22
Figura 14. Aspectul fructelor de chimion provenit din cultur, 2011 (CHV1-CHV3)
Celule secretorii
Endocarp cu celule
alungite
Endosperm cu microrozete
i incluziuni de aleuron
23
Mezocarp cu sclereide
esut fibro-vascular
Compus
N-heptanal
-pinen
Determinat (%)
CHV1
CHV2
CHV3
0.01
0.04
0.01
0.04
0.01
0.03
24
RI
Compus
Determinat (%)
CHV1
CHV2
CHV3
978
sabinen
0.06
0.06
0.06
984
0.01
0.01
0.01
991
-pinen
mircen
0.33
0.31
0.32
1005
octanal
0.07
0.08
0.07
1036
limonen
45.54
44.10
44.42
1102
L-linalool
0.50
0.52
0.49
1138
cis-limonen oxid
0.10
0.10
0.12
1143
trans-limonen oxid
0.23
0.22
0.25
1213
trans-dihidocarvona
0.13
0.13
0.13
1238
trans-carveol
0.21
0.18
0.25
1256
L-carvon
47.77
48.79
48.53
1288
aldehida perilic
3.00
3.27
3.09
1323
geraniat de metil
0.57
0.95
0.59
1434
-cariofilen
Total identificat
0.18
0.18
0.19
98.75
98.95
98.56
Alti constitueni
1.25
1.05
1.44
Se constat c fructele celor trei variante de cultur de chimion, care difer ntre ele
doar prin spaiul de nutriie, au o compoziie chimic extrem de apropiat. Pentru
exemplificare, dac ne referim la coninutul n carvon, se observ c acesta variaz ntre
47.77 i 48.79 %; iar pentru limonen, intervalul este de asemenea redus: 44.10-45.54 %.
Calitatea farmaceutic a uleiurilor volatile separate din cele trei variante de cultur de
chimion n anul 2011 a fost apreciat prin prisma cerinelor Farmacopeei Europene, ed. a 6-a
(tabelul 9).
Tabelul 9. Calitatea farmaceutic a fraciunii volatile separat din fructele de chimion,
2011
%
Compus
Cerin
Ph. Eur.
ed. a 6-a
CHV1
CHV2
CHV3
mircen
limonen
0.1-1 %
30-45%
0.33
45.54
0.31
44.10
0.32
44.42
dihidrocarvona
max. 2.5 %
0.13
0.13
0.13
carveol
max. 2.5 %
0.21
0.18
0.25
50-65%
47.77
48.79
48.53
L-carvona
25
Determinat (%)
CHV2
CHV3
Monoterpene
Monoterpencetone
45.98
47.90
44.52
48.92
44.84
48.66
Monoterpenalcooli
0.71
0.70
0.74
Monoterpenaldehide
3.00
3.27
3.09
Monoterpenoxizi
0.33
0.32
0.37
Monoterpenesteri
0.57
0.95
0.59
Sescviterpene
0.18
0.18
0.19
Compui alifatici
0.08
0.09
0.08
Folosind aceste date pentru a construi profilele mnemotehnice comparative ale celor trei
uleiuri volatile analizate, am obinut modelele redate n figura 16.
26
= monoterpen-cetone;
= monoterpenesteri;
= monoterpenoli;
= sescviterpene;
= monoterpenoxizi;
= compui alifatici.
Dup cum vedem, dimensiunea spoturilor care reprezint n diagrame un anume grup de
componente nu variaz mult de la uleiul volatil al unei variante de cultur la cealalt. Grupele
majore de componente terpenice n uleiul volatil de chimion sunt hidrocarburile i
monoterpencetonele.
Uleiurile volatile cu un coninut ridicat n monoterpencetone au o afinitate mare nu doar
fa de sistemul nervos central, ci i fa de piele i mucoase; sunt epitelizante i susin
procesul de cicatrizare. La nivelul mucoasei bronice sunt mucolitice eficiente, dar totodat
acioneaz asupra tractului digestiv uor spasmolitic, carminativ i coleretic.
Hidrocarburile monoterpenice au un efect stimulant general, antalgic i antiinflamator
la aplicare dermic (contrairitare). Sunt de asemenea imunostimulatoare. n plan psihic, sunt
tonice, cresc capacitatea de concentrare, stimuleaz i structureaz gndirea.
Avnd n vedere cele menionate, utilizarea fructelor, dar i a uleiului volatil de chimion
n scop terapeutic este justificat i poate, nc prea puin exploatat.
Uleiurile volatile separate din fructele celor 3 variante de chimion cultivate n 2011 au
fost testate pentru stabilirea unei eventuale aciuni antimicrobiene. Astfel, s-a constatat c
acestea posed o aciune antibacterian bun doar fa de germenii gram-pozitivi:
Staphylococccus aureus i Sarcina lutea (figura 17), asupra celor gram-negativi neacionnd.
27
30
50
40
20
30
20
10
10
0
0
CHV1
CHV2
CHV3
Ampi Cloramf
CHV1
CHV2
CHV3
Ampi
Cloramf
Figura 17. Aciunea antimicrobian a fraciunii volatile din fructele de chimion (2011)
fa de Staphylococccus aureus (A) i Sarcina lutea (B).
Cele 3 uleiuri volatile de chimion nu au prezentat aciune antifungic.
O corelare a coninutului n componente potenial antimicrobian active i intensitatea
propriu-zis de aciune este dificil, deoarece coninutul n carvon i limonen este apropiat
ntre probe. nseamn deci c la fel ca n orice fitocomplex, i n cazul uleiului volatil de
chimion, totalitatea componentelor terpenoidice confer att spectrul, ct i intensitatea de
aciune.
Studiul chimic calitativ i cantitativ al fraciunii polifenolice din fructele de
chimion s-a desfurat pentru fructe recoltate n 2 ani de la aceleai variante de cultur, i
anume 2009 i 2011.
Ca i pn acum, vom prezenta rezultatele obinute pentru fructele de chimion,
producie 2011.
Pentru realizarea analizei fraciunii polifenolice, s-au utilizat tehnici de cromatografie n
strat subire, cromatografie de lichide de nalt performan i determinri cantitative
efectuate prin metode spectrofotometrice.
La fel ca i pentru coriandru, n cazul fructelor de chimion, analiza prin cromatografie
lichid de nalt performan a revelat faptul ca polifenolii se regsesc n cantiti mici,
fiind identificate doar dou componente: acidul clorogenic i cvercetolul (figura 18).
28
Figura 18. Curbele HPLC obinute pentru epuizatele polifenolice din fructele de
chimion, 2011 (=280 nm)
Coninutul n polifenoli totali exprimai n mg acid galic echivalent determinat pentru
extractele polifenolice nu variaz mult ntre cele 3 probe de chimion (figura 19), cea mai
ridicat valoare ntlnindu-se la CHV3, varianta care are i cel mai mare spaiu de nutriie.
mg EAGal/g extract polifenolic
100
75
50
25
0
Figura 19. Deteminarea cantitativ a polifenolilor totali din fructele de chimion, 2011
n cadrul tezei de doctorat am evaluat aciunea antioxidant prin dou teste, ca i
pentru coriandru, ce au urmrit activitatea de scavenger fa de radicalul difenilpicrilhidrazil
i capacitatea de chelatare a ionului feros a componentelor polifenolice din extractele
polifenolice de chimion.
Investignd capacitatea de scavenger a extractelor metanolice fa de radicalul
difenilpicrilhidrazil, am obinut valorile redate n tabelul 11 pentru activitatea antioxidant;
29
extractele metanolice uscate au fost reluate cu dimetilsulfoxid, astfel nct s-a obinut 5 diluii
i anume cu 40, 20, 10, 5 i 2.5 mg extract/mL.
Tabelul 11. Capacitatea de scavenger a extractelor de chimion fa de radicalul
difenilpicrilhidrazil (2011)
Prob
Activitate (%)
CE50
(g/mL)
CHV1
40 mg/mL
97.17 0.01
20 mg/mL
97.24 0.18
10 mg/mL
96.07 0.20
5 mg/mL
68.87 0.36
2.5 mg/mL
36.35 0.57
55.7 0.5
CHV2
97.13 0.10
97.08 0.21
95.65 0.25
65.51 0.43
35.19 0.43
58.5 0.6
CHV3
93.87 0.10
94.00 0.04
93.06 0.06
68.27 0.27
36.07 0.35
56.2 0.7
Activitate (%)
CE50
(g/mL)
CHV1
40 mg/mL
99.45 0.39
20 mg/mL
99.21 0.17
10 mg/mL
96.05 0.34
5 mg/mL
65.87 0.72
2.5 mg/mL
38.01 0.21
56.2 0.6
CHV2
99.86 0.06
99.58 0.18
93.44 0.39
60.61 0.24
32.98 0.84
63.9 0.8
CHV3
99.62 0.18
99.43 0.14
94.54 0.19
64.71 0.99
35.21 0.29
59.0 0.9
Totodat, am calculat i concentraiile eficiente 50, varianta cea mai activ fiind tot
CHV1, iar CHV2 avnd activitatea chelatant cea mai mic. n privina aceasta, extractele de
chimion au o activitate relativ bun de chelatare a ionului feros, comparativ cu acidul galic,
folosit ca martor, pentru care s-a obinut o concentraie eficient 50 de 2.7 g/mL.
Dac pentru coriandru stabilisem c activitatea de chelatare a ionului feros, privit prin
prisma concentraiei eficiente 50, este mai mare dect cea de scavenger de radicali liberi,
pentru chimion putem s constatm c CE50 sunt n ambele teste apropiate, situndu-se n
jurul valorii de 60 g/mL (figura 20).
30
CE50 (g/mL)
60
60
40
40
20
20
CHV1
CHV2
CE50 (g/mL)
CHV1
CHV3
CHV2
CHV3
1%
94
2.5 %
5%
92
90
Martor
CHV1
CHV2
CHV3
Figura 21. Influena tratamentului cu diluii ale extractelor polifenolice de chimion asupra
germinaiei cariopselor de gru
Dup 10 zile, experimentul s-a desfiinat i s-au efectuat msurtori ale unor parametrii
precum lungimea rdcinii i a tulpinii, acumularea de biomas proaspt i uscat. S-a
constatat c tratamentul are un slab efect stimulator asupra tuturor acestor parametrii,
comparativ cu martorul (tabelul 13).
31
Tabelul 13. Biometria plantulelor de Triticum aestivum rezultate din cariopse tratate cu
extracte de chimion, 2011
Varianta de
tratament
Greutate
radacini (g)
Gp
Gu
Apa
(%)
Greutate
tulpini (g)
Gp
Gu
Apa
(%)
137.3719.24 115.4617.78
6.55
0.85
87.02
9.54
1.40
85.33
152.5521.04 127.3618.06
7.35
0.95
87.07
10.18
1.48
85.46
6.72
0.86
87.20
9.74
1.44
85.22
5%
142.6919.42 127.2916.74
6.87
0.80
88.36
9.21
1.32
85.67
1%
135.1916.10 122.4916.22
6.42
0.81
87.38
9.86
1.44
85.40
7.85
0.85
89.17
10.17
1.51
85.15
5%
148.6720.84 119.2522.98
7.74
0.97
87.47
10.30
1.52
85.24
1%
143.6516.86 117.8013.39
6.26
0.87
86.10
9.75
1.42
85.44
Martor
CHV1
CHV2
CHV3
1%
Lungime
radacina
(mm)SD
Lungime
tulpina
(mm)SD
2.5% 148.4017.62
123.918.69
7.38
0.89
87.94
10.03
1.54
85.65
148.6923.22
126.122.56
7.64
0.89
88.35
10.27
1.56
87.81
5%
Dintre variantele investigate, cel mai ridicat efect biostimulator a fost observat pentru
diluia 5% a extractului CHV3. Din pcate, nu exist nicio corelaie ntre concentraia de
polifenoli totali determinai n extractele de chimion i efectul stimulant observat.
Studiul citogenetic efectuat asupra meristemelor radiculare a demonstrat prezena la
martor a unui procent de aberaii cromozomiale de peste 3%, diversele diluii determinnd
apariia unor ana- i telofaze anormale. La fel ca i la coriandru, pentru probele investigate nu
s-a constatat depirea pragului de 6% aberaii cromozomiale, peste care extractele se
consider a avea efecte genotoxice, clastogene (figura 22).
%
6
5
4
1%
2.5 %
5%
3
2
1
0
Martor
CHV1
CHV2
CHV3
Figura 22. Procentul aberaiilor cromozomiale la Triticum aestivum tratat cu diluii ale
extractelor de chimion, 2011
32
Telofaz cu punte,
fragmente i
micronucleu
Anafaz cu punti i
fragmente
Ana-telofaz cu
cromozom retardatar
Anafaz cu fragmente
Figura 23. Aspecte citogenetice nregistrate pentru meristemele radiculare de gru dup
aplicarea tratamentului cu extracte de chimion, 2011
Corobornd datele studiului fitobiologic, putem concluziona c extractele metanolice
de chimion conin polifenoli lipsii de toxicitate i mai ales de genotoxicitate.
Ca i n cazul studiului efectuat pe extractele polifenolice de coriandru, vom
exemplifica variabilitatea ntre ani a compoziiei chimice a fructelor de chimion i
influena asupra aciunii biologice, prin corelarea coninutului n polifenoli cu aciunea
antioxidant pentru cei 2 ani investigai.
Analiznd comparativ coninutul n polifenoli totali pentru anii 2009 i 2011, constatm
diferene mari (figura 24).
mg ac. galic/g extract polifenolic
150
100
2009
2011
50
0
CHV1
CHV2
CHV3
33
2009
2011
50
0
CHV1
CHV2
CHV3
2011
50
0
CHV1
CHV2
CHV3
Figura 26. Variaia CE50 n cazul testului de chelatare a ionului feros a extractelor de
chimion
34
3. CONCLUZII GENERALE
35
36
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41