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ANTIBIOTICE POLIPEPTIDICE
Bacitracina
Bacitracinum (EPh7)
Bacitracinum zincum (EPh7)
Bacitracina A
Polimixina B
Polymyxini B sulfas (FR X, EPh7)
II. GLICOPEPTIDE
Vancomicina
Vancomicinum
III. AMINOGLICOZIDE
Sulfat de streptomicina
Streptomycini sulfas (FR X, EPh7)
O
H3C
OH
HO
OH
CHO
OH
aglicon-oz-oz
streptidina-streptoza-N-metilglucozamina
HO
NH - C - NH2
HN - C - NH2
CH2OH
CH3 - NH
. 3 H2SO4
NH
NH
OH
Identificare:
1. Reacia maltolului identificarea streptozei:
O O
H3C
(HO-)
CH3
CH3
+ Fe 3+
CHO
OH
OH O
Fe/3
NH
NH-C-NH2
OH
HO
HO
HN
NH
NH-C-NH2
HO
- 2 H2O
N
OH
HO
HO
NH
HO
N
H
Neomicine
CH2-NH2
H2N
NH2
2-dezoxistreptamina
HO
OH
O
neozamina
Neomicina
B
C
OH
CH2OH
NH2
R
O
HO
R1 OH
neobiozamina
OH
NH2
Gentamicine
3
R
H
CH2NH2
R1
CH2NH2
H
R1
H2N
NH2
Gentamicina
C1
C2
C1A
R-NH-CH
O
O
O
OH
CH3-NH
O
OH
purpurozamina
NH2
CH3
2-dezoxistreptamina
OH
R
CH3
CH3
H
R1
CH3
H
H
garozamina
Kanamicina A
H2N
CH2NH2
NH2
CH2OH
O
O
OH
HO
H2N
OH
OH
2-dezoxistreptamina
OH
6-dezoxi-6-amino-D-glucoza
OH
kanozamina
Kanamicina A
Identificare
Reacia cu orcina:
H
HO
H
OH
C
OH
H2N - H2C
HO
HCl
(conc.)
H
C
H2N - H2C
6-dezoxi-6-amino-D-glucoza
5-aminometilfurfurol
CH3
CH3
H
OH
HO
+ H2N - H2C
O
H
HO
H
C
HO
OH
HO
H
C
CH3
CH3
[O]
OH
FeCl3
HO
- H2O
OH
Orcin
CH3
HCl conc.
OH
CH3
HO
HCl conc.
coloraie verde
CH2NH2
CH2NH2
Sulfat de amikacin
mikacini sulfas
Identificare
Reacia cu antronol:
O
H2N - H2C
- H2O
H
5-aminometilfurfurol
antronol
O
CH
CH2 - NH2
IV. LINCOSAMIDE
Lincomicina
Clindamicina
CH3
H7C3
OH
CH
CH3
H7C3
C-NH-CH
N
CH3
Cl
HC
C-NH-CH
OH
CH3
OH
SCH3
OH
OH
SCH3
OH
OH
V. MACROLIDE
CH3 H C
3
OH
CH3
HO
HO
CH3
H3C
C2H5
HO
D-desozamina
N
H3C
CH3
CH3
Eritralozamina
O
H3C
HO
L-Cladinoza
H3C OCH3
O
H3C
NH
+
CH3
Laurilsulfat de eritromicina
CH3-(CH2)10-CH2-OSO3
Stearat de eritromicina
CH3-(CH2)16-COO
O
N
H3C
CH3
Propionil eritromicina
Etilsuccinat de eritromicina
CH3-CH2-COC2H5O-CO-(CH2)2-CO-
Claritromicina
Clarithromycinum (Eph7)
CH3
CH3 H C
3
OCH3
CH3
HO
HO
CH3
H3C
C2H5
HO
O
N
H3C
CH3
CH3
O
H3C
HO
H3C OCH3
Azitromicina
Azithromycinum (EPh7)
Rifamicine de semisintez
Rifampicina
Spectrul rifampicinelor
aciune imunosupresiv
Indicaiile Rifampicinei
Tuberculoz, lepr, infecii stafilococice Meti-R i cu enterococi rezisteni la
betalactamine
Alte indicaii: infecii cu unii Gram (-): E. coli, Proteus, Shigella, Salmonella,
Legionella(+ o macrolid), infecii biliare, urinare, gonoree, meningite
(profilactic), bruceloz, tuse convulsiv, colite.
VII. ANTIBIOTICE CUMARINICE
Novobiocin
Identificare:
Spectrofotometria in UV, care depinde de pH:
Soluia de Novobiocin n mediu de HCl are maximum de absorbie la 324 nm,
Soluia de Novobiocin n mediu de H2SO4 n etanol are maximum de absorbie la 334 nm,
Soluia de Novobiocin n mediu de soluie tampon fosfat 1% are maximele de absorbie la 238
nm, 250 nm, 290 nm i 304 nm,
Soluia de Novobiocin n mediu de n etanol are maximum de absorbie la 311 nm,
Soluia de Novobiocin n mediu de Na are maximum de absorbie la 230 nm.
Dozare:
Metoda biologic;
Fotocolorimetric n urma reaciei cu triclorchinonimina.