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z a t i i I ) r i l l s t t t d i i s u c c c s i v ec, o n c l u z i i l cs u n t n r a i v c r i d i c c .

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cluziilc generalc artitAnd ctr rczultate diferite statistic reprezintri

l l t r i r t t l t t l l t r i , n c - a p c r n r i s s r lc l a s i { l c r i nor r i g i n i l c s o t ; i l r l ci l l c t u t u r t ) l :
i n t l i v i z - i k lcr r rl l i n t l r c l c v a r r t cl ) c n r n tv o t r r lk r r i r r s l l r cr r r )l ) a r t i ds a t l
r t l r t r l(.l i c n t r r ro r l i s c t t t i cn r i r id c t a l i l t : lr r s r r p riar r r l e r r r l r5r ii a t i p r r r r i l i r i

f t t t t t ; 1 i c l c s p c c i [ i c a r cn, c v o n r i n t o l r r c cl a g r u l l r r li n c l c c i 5 i k r rl ,r rc r r r t :

dc rnirlizii l)c citrc lc-a lcgitinrat,vcz.i CJallirolulIII din prezcnrul

Analizele conrparative pot, dc asenrcnca, s'i conllrrnc conpr<ldusul unor condigii specifice diferitc. Ca str ihrstri'inraccastri
l ) e - a l ) rn r a i r c f c r i t . I t , s t cv o r b a d e s p r e c c i c l r r ca r rr l c c l a r a ti l r i l t t c n , i , t r i l c l l r c c l c c t o r a l cc i t l u \ / o r v o t a , ( l a rc i r r ci n f i n i r l u r r r r r c r sl a t r n t c .
in strrdiul din districtul Uric, to[i accsti srrbiccgi -rlu \'oril[ l)c

Itrtfukt h erlilta a doua I 2.1

22 / llenui-sntul vorului

rcpu[)licani, in vrcnte ce in studiul din 1944 majoritatea acestor

Situagiail putut fi renrediatriin studiul tlin 1944.Atunci, tuturor

alcgiltori i-irr.rvotat.;rc rlcnrocragi,La prima vcdcrc, lucrul accstaar

putca fi considcrlt contradictoriu.A$a sd fie? in 1940,echipa elec-

s u b i c c g i l o rc a r c i ; i - a u c x p r i m a t o i n t e n p i e d e v o t i n i n t e r v i u r i l c
preclcctrlralc li s-au pus urmittoareleintrebtrri:Sunt preocupa[i ctl

toralil rcpul>licand,la nivcl local, a fost de departe nrai puternicd;

in l(),14,Conritcttrl pcntru Acgiunc Politic{ (democrat) era in mod
c v i c l c n t n r a i a c r i v 1 l ct c r i t o r i t r li n t r c g i i l r l r i .M a i r n u l t , a c c s tc o m i t c t
gi-ac0nccntrirtl)r.rtcrcadc convingcrc asul)raoantenilrtrcu vcnituri

adevilrat dacil alcsul lor va c2gtigasau nu cursa electorald?Consi-

rcdtrsc,bazin<lu-scpc intui;ia cil, dacilvor vota, ci o vor fiacellentru

c l c n r o c r a g(ij.i t i c l c d i r r s t u d i u l d c a t u n c i d c n r o n s t r c a z tcr{ i n r u i ; i a a

votezc 1rcccliilirlt) cra in mod considcrabilnai ltu4irtprcocupat dc

i r l c g c r i d c c i t c l c c t o r a t u l, , c a p t i v " ( c e i c l t r c a u , $ i v o t a t d u l l d c u r n

fost corcctil.t)in 2()cleoameni (nrajoritateadin grupuri cu venituri

rctlusc ai crrc nu avcau <lc giind sil votclz.c,dar au filcut-o in colc
t J i r rr t r r r r i l )t,r c i i r u u l c s t a b i l r i rr c 1 > u l > l i c a r r i k r rl;7i l ) c c c a a r l c r r r o -

tlcclarascrii cii o vor facc):38%odintre cei carc-siiir*rdzgiindir.fagdde

au spus cd ii intcrcseaz.il1'rrcirpr.rliucinc
2lo/n,.lintrc cci c'orrstarrli,
va ciiptigirirlcgcrilc, iirr 65%odintrc cci ,,nrol;ili", ftr1ildc 46'/o,Jintrc

cratilor.
Astfc:1,analiza c<-rnrParativA
a unor stuclii elaboratc in condigii
sociirlcsau istoricctliltrite poatc conducc la acelapitill dc concluzii,
asa cunr sc intiirnplii gi in cazul repctiirii sondajelor.O comparagie
intrc dcciz.iilcfinalc alc cclor cc v<ltcaztlin ccasul al cloisllrczccclca,
la rrigtc alcgcri in carc propagandarepublicand estc puternicd, cu
decizii similarc luate dc votanfi asemiinitori la nigte alcgeri in care
sunt.active fo4clc dcmocrate conduce la acceagic<lncluziegeneralil: trn ultinr c[<rrtsuslinut cle a-i convinge pe indccigi str mcarg,tr
la vot poatc fl dc nrarc ajuror llartidrrlui rcspcctiv.
in silrgit. () cornparaticintre stuclii sirnilare poatc <iucela clarif i c a r c ar e z u l t a t c l o r i. n s t u c l i r rdl i n 1 9 4 0e x i s t a u a n u m i r e s e m n e c d
nclrotilrillii crrrrr;i cci nrai indifcrcngi. I{cz.ultatula first ncagtclttat,
c i l c i c x p c r g i i p o l i t i c i a t t a l l r n r i r ta d c s c a f t r l l t t r l c r l , i n t i m p u l r r n c i
canrpanii,alcgltrlrul nrai intcligent gi mai prer)cupati$i va deturna
votul de la intcnpia inigiall, pc milsurdce afl.Jnrai multe informapii
concrcte clesllrc ;rlatformelc electoraleale candida;ilor, evaluAnd,

dcril cil cxisti dil'crcngeimportante intre cci doi candidapil Analiz.a

r i l s p r r r r s t t r i llrilrr: r c c s t ci n t r c l l { r i a a r A t act d c l c c t o r a t t t,l , m o b i l " ( a c c i t r
cllrc au v()tilt ilr) t:trnrlitlatclullil ce decIarascrrl
crl intengioncazilsiI-[

cci ,,cirptivi", nll a!.rgtlsit nici o difcrcng',Iinrllortrnt'J intrc cci doi

candirlagi.li inrportant s{ observdm cd acesteexpresii ale indifercntei ru c()nstituic rationalizirifo.r{actutttale elcctoratului nrobil;
clc arr fost irtrcgistratefuainteca schimbareasir se producii.
I)rrtcrn astfcl clarilica un rezultat din stLrdiul inigial. Oanrcnii
care-gischinrbziopiniile politice nu sunt filarte preocupa[i de carnpanie sau dc efcctul ei. lndiferenpalor este cea care le ingreuneazri
dccizi:r, cilci surrt ttgor inf'tuengabili.O sinrpkl convcrsalie cu rrn
l l r i c t c n i i i n r l r c a l l t l s l ) r c u n c a n d i d a t ,d u l l i l c c o c r r r i s i u r r cr a r l i o f o rriciiii convinsesesA-lvoteze pe contracandidat.Nu este imposibil,
dc {irpt, ca trnii dintre cctd;enii indiferengisil nu sc fi hotdriit cu
irrlcvr'lrrrt
rrici la intrarcain cabinr de vot.
Anr putrrt colr)l)aranrtnrai doul studii, i;i 1tc accstca rloar in
'lirtui;i,
ciitcvir l)unctc,
analizaconlparxtivda foscProductivL Nc-a
sporit increclercain rczultatele studiilor individuale gi a confirmat
unclc din interprctdrilc urai largi. in mod clirr, prin refirzul de a

dcci, gradul dc rczonabilitatc al accsrorain ceea ce privcgte rezolv a r c a u t ) o r p o s i l > i l cc r i z c d c l l o l i t i c dc x t c r n A g i i n t c r n d . D c v r e m c

r c p c t a a c e l a p it i p d c s t u d i u , i n a c e l e a g ci o n d i l i i s a u i n c o n d i g i i
dilcritc, s<,rciokrgii
au ratilt o ocazie dc a spuri cuuogtin[clc l'uncla-

ce rclatia dintrc cci nchotArligi9i cei indiferengi nu era anricipard

t c o r c t i c ,p r o g r a n r usl t u d i u l u id i n 1 9 4 0n u a u p u r u r a v e ai n s t r u m e n r .
t c l c a d c c v a t cl ) e n t r t ta o c x a n l n a .

r n e n t a l ea l e r l i s c i p l i n c i .S t u d i i l e p a n e l s - a up r e t a ti n m o d d c o s e b i r
la asellenea reludri: logica lor es!e clari, iar aspecteleconrltarabilc
alc unor situagiidif'crite pot fi izolate gi comparate cu uguringii.

/4

/ tllrnri.ctnul

uotalni

Itrhrt

h ulilirt n doua / J5

D i s c t r t i a n o a s t n ld c p i n i a c u n t n c - a i n d i c a t n l c r o d e g i l l l a n u r i
( l c c c r c c t a r c p r i n r : i r r cl x ) t f i o l ) l i n u t c ( l a t c r c l c v a n t c s o c i o l o g i c; i

c x a c t r r $ ac u n l a u v o t a t n l e t e u f a r n i l i i l e l ' l . l r . 7 7 %t l i n t r c n t c t t r b r i t
r r c c s t r rci f u l ' l t i ( ) na t t t l c c l i t r a tc : i p d r i n t i i p i l l r r r r i c i il o r v o t a s c r i lc o t l -

lrrccisc l;tiinf ilic. [)ar ccrcctarcasocial?lnu sc ()[)rc$t.cla colectarea

u n o r a s t f c l t l c i n f i r r n t a l i i . I l s t c n e c c s a r ioi i n t c g r a r c s i s t e n r a r i c iar

s t a n tl r n u l d i n t r c p r i n c i p a l c l ep a r t i d e l x r l i t i c c .i r t re i l t t l x i s t r a tt r a ( l i t i i l e < l c f t r r n i l i c : ; i l a ' . r l c g e r i l e< l i n 1 9 4 0 .A c c a s t { s t a b i l i t a t ei r l i r s t

p o s i b i l i ip r i n t r - t r n f e l d c c c r a n p r o t e c t o rr i d i c a ti n j t r r u l a t i t r r c l i r r i l o r

t l a t c l o ri n t r - r r nc ( ) n t c x tt c o r c t i c .N u n r a i a t u t r ( . n
i c l ) u t c n t a $ t c P t ac a
c l a t c l cs i i f i c , 1 l ct l c o p i r r t c ,a p l i c a b i l ci n s i t r r a t i si o c i a l cc o n c r c t c i a r t
p c t l c : r l t d l r r r r t cs, i l i r r d i c cd i r c c l i i l cs l ) r cc r t r ci r r t r c l r r r i s i sl c i r r d r c l l t c
itr viitor ccrcctilrca.

n r c r r t r r l cl i t r r < l r r n r c n t a li cn . p o f i c l aa { ' l L r x t r l u i t l1c' t r o p a g l t r r t l ic; o

i tttrrtp r o l l r r g r r r r r tl :i li t r cl - i t r p r r t c a i t t f l t t c n l i l l ) c l l c g i t o r , i l c c i l s t till l t i r r g c
c l L ' t : t i vi r r l i x r r t c r r r i c dr n J s t t f t l[.) u 1 l ' .0t c x a t t t i t t r t rac t c n t i ls c ( ( ] t l s t i l t : i

irr prinra ccligica cii4ii dc fat:i am inccrc..rrs{ ariiriim implicatiile

ci cl accelltri si se cxpunii doar proplgandci cu carc csrc tlc:jirdc

nrai largi alc rcz.ultatclornoastrcconcrctc. Acrrnr se afli in curs de

r l c s l l i 5 t r r a r c( ) c c r c c t a r c r t r a i a m e l n r r n t i t iai l l r o l t l c n r c l o rs p c c i f i c c
c i t r c t l c c r t r gt l i n s t r r r l i r rol r i g i n r r lr,l a r r i l n r i i r ri l r c i i m u l t c d r : { r t c u t .A r
{ j u t i l , d c i r c c c a ,s d d c z . v o l t i i mn t a i c x p l i c i t c a r l r u l t e r l r c r i c s r r b

acord, fiind opac fagi de propaganda cu carc ar ptttca intra in

r r m l r r c l ac i i n r i a ; r r c z . e n t usl t u t l i u g i - a e x t r a sc o n c l u z . i i l cp, r e c r r m p i
i n r l l l i c a r i i l ct c o r e t i c c a l c r c z r r l t a t e l osr a l c .

clczacord.
/[ 2 . O i r s c n l c n c i lc o n s c c v c n l i ln u l x ) r r t ef i c x l l l i c a t r ll l r i t t r c l c r i r c
l r r ) t i i c r i p i g i i l ) a r c e sl "a r r, , i n e r g i a "n a t u r i i u n ) a n c .C ) h i a rd i r c ' Jp i i r l t c
l i r n c t i i s o c i a l cs a t t p s i h o l o g i c ea r p u t c a f l t l c s c r v i t c d c rr t t c n t i t t c r c r t
l r i t u d i n i l o r c l c n t c n t a r c , a c e s t l t t c r t l r e p l e z i n t i i < t s t t r s dt l c r t r a r i
s a t i s l r r c gli)i c n t n t i l r c l i v i z i n d c o s c b i i n c o t t t a c t c l ck r r t l c g r t t l l .I ) i i s t r i n d r r - g i c o n v i r r g c r i l cn e ; ; t i r b i t e ,c i s t l n t c a l t a l > i lsi { c v i t c s a l l s i i

[)ute cmpiricc pi procese soci.ale

n r i n i n r i z e z cc o n f l i c t c l c ; i d c z a c o r d u r i l ec t t p c r s o a r t c l cd i n n r c d i t r l
lor social, care impiirt2igcscacesteatittrdini. Astfel, atitudiltea c.on-

S t u r l i u l d i n r l i s r r i c t u l I t r i c r r e - ac o r r d u sl a u n e l e g e n e r a l i z d r ri e l e \ , r l l ) t cl ) c n t r r ro r i c c c c r c c t i l r cl l r i v i n d s c h i r n l r i l r i l cl a s c i r r rrl n i c l a l c
l t i t . t t t l i r r i l ( ) sr l l u ( x ) n ) l ) ( ) r t a r r r c n t c l oArc. c s t c l r n t r f r t r n r c a z r lt,O t r r 5 i ,

s t a r l t de s t c o n r o d a l i t a t cd e m c n l i n c r e a s e c t t r i t i lifi i n d i v i r l r r a l c .
, 3 . f c c s t c t c r r r l i n p ci n d i v i d r r a [ cs u n t s u s fi l r u l c 1 l cp: r o c c s c l cc a r c

t t n s i s t c n rc ( ) c r c r r t S
. u n t g c n c r a l i z i l rci a r c r r l c i i t u i c s co l ) u n t c i r l t r c
l r r p t c ,a ; ; ac r l n ) a u [ < l s tc l c o b s c r v a t c g
, i o t c o r i c m a i s i s t e n t a t i c dc, e
a$tcaptdincil siI fic dcz.volraril.Sunt nigte a{irnragiiclesprc proce-

sccttlitittcrt tlcr.cnincl oplc fa;il dc llropagantli cltrc ii attrcninlii

c o n v i n g c r i l c ,a t i t L r d i n i l es a l c s L u r tc o t t s o l i d a t cd c c o n t a c t c l cc t r a l l i

sclc socialc ;i rcprczintd, astfcl, gencraliz.drila nivcl inalt, dacd le

c o n r p a r i i n rc u a s c r t i u n i l c p r i v i n d f i r p t e l c c r n p i r i c c , d a r g i g c n e -

atitrrclinisinrilarc Ai vor manit'estatendinge ascnrtrnatoarcdc selccq i c . D a r a s t d n u i n s e a n r n i ci d t o g i m c m l r r i i g n t p u l u i s c v o r c x p u n c

raliz.r'iriIa un nivcl nrai sciizrrt,dacri lc corrrl)ariinrcu furnrulzirile

teorcticc ciitrc cirrc asltirii ccrcctareasocialii.
'l'<xrtc
c o r r c l r r z . i i l ct r o a s t r ct l c s p r c l t r o c c s c l c s o c i a l c r l a t o r i t r l
c i l r o n rs c l ) c t r c c s c l r i n r l r i l rri l c r t i t r r t l i n c s r r n ts t r i i r r sl c g a t ci r r t r c c l c ,

cxact acclcia;;ipropagandesau cii vor fi influenta[i dc exact aceleasr

i n . l i l l c n t r u r l c r r r c r s r rcl l c f a l i v a f i s t r f i c i c n ts . Jl e d i s c u t . J nsr c l l a r a t .
..1.
s c r c f c r r il i rs t a l r i l i t r t c ai r t i t u t l i r r i l oS
r .u b i c c g i i
) l t t P r i r t tP t t n c t
s t r r i i i r r l r r in ( ) s t n t a u a v r r t t c n t l i n t l ( l c a \ . o t a c a i r r r o t c l c a u n l lnr l a l
/

\ t

s c i i l i r r i l c s t i i l r r u i v c l r r lg r u l l r l u i . i u t i r n l ' ,c c i r r d i v i d r r li i ; i n r c l r g i r r c

nrcn'rbri ai grupulLri. Allarpinlnd accluiai;i grup, ei vor irnprirtii;i

asl)ecteale exlleriengelorconrune. Iiiecare inclivid vA il\/cra[,lrrt]rrl

l r r i p r i v a t d c i r r l o r n r i r l i i9 i c a t a l o g u l l r r i p a r t i c u l a r< l c c x p c r i e n t c ,
c l r i l r rd a c l i i l c c s r c i ls u n I s c l c c t i r t cl ; i i u r l c q r t c c o r r f i l r n rl n ) o r s t i l l l t l a r r l cc o r t t u r t c .
i n i n t c r a c g i r r r r i lleu i c u c c i l a l g i ,f l c c a r co n r f t r c c l l r r h l i c co l ) i r r t c
t l i r r i n f i r r m a t i i l c l i d i n c x p e r i e n t c l c s a l c p r i v a t c ,t l r r ri r r t l c o s e b ip c

26 / llunui.ruu/ tolulrti
a c c l c ac o r c 1 l r( j o l t r l ) ( ) r tai rt i t u d i n ic ( ) l l t u n c .A s t f c l , t < l t ii n c l i v i z i is u n t
s l r l ) l l f i r r n c i ; l l a j c r n a i l a r g i d c i r r f l u c n ; c s c l c c r a t c .l n t c r a c g i t r n i l c
contrillrric la rrrtrplificarca
i z , o l i i r i i n t l i v i z i l o r f a g r i< l c p r o p a g a n d a
a r l v c r s di,n s c n s u lc i i l c l i r n r i z - c a zl irig u n r c n t c s u p [ i r t r c r r t a rceu c a r e
s i i - g is r r s l i r r ipi o z i t i a . I { c z r r l t i r t r rfli n a l a l u n o r l l s t f c l t l c i n t c r a < : g i r r n r
i r t t r c r n c r r r l l r i i g r r r p r r l u i c s t c c o r r s o l i d a r c ai,n t t l r i r c r rr c c i l t r o c d i r
l t t i t r t t lrrr i l o rc o n l ul l c .
( . l . . t i t o t u l i , i r r r r r r c l cc r r l . r r sr ic l ) c r r c c ; i s c l r i r r r l x t rl i,.l s t ci r r r p o r t . ' n f i " a c c e i l ,s r id c t c r n t i n r i r nc o n c l i g i i l icn c i r r ca t i r u t l i n i l ci i ; i p i c r c l
s t a b i l i t a t c al,) r c c u r ni ; i l l r r c c s c l c l ) r i n c a r c a u l o c s c h i n r b i r i l c .
(in lrscrrrcncrr
l ) r ( ) c c sd c P i n c l ct l c a c t i v a r c i rc x P c r i c n g c l o r ; ; ia
i t l c i l o r a n t c r i o a r c .l i i c c a r co r n l x ) i l r t riin s i n c g c r r r r c n ia i u n o r o l r s c r v r r t i i5 i : r i r r r r o rc x l l c r i c r r l cl ) c j u l n i i t l r t cu i t i l t c , c t l r c s u n t . i n r r - r r r r
a t r t t r r r i st c r ) s . , , r c c c s i v c "d, c o l l i c c i l ) c r l t r u c A n l r s c i n c a c l r c a z i in
t r a r l i t i i l cg i i n t c r c s c l cg r u p u l u i c i i r r r i ai i a l ) a r l i n .1 i r t r r 9 i ,i n a n u n r i r e
c i r c u r t r s t a n t ci ,n t i r r r p t r lu n c i c r i z c s t r r rc l c - a l u n g r r l u n c i p c r i o a c l c
t l c l l r o l l u g i t n t l riin t c n s d ,c l c p o t l l i r t l u s c l r r l r r r . r r i r r A
i i .g l o i c l c l t o t
c o n t l t t c c l r ro r c s t r r r c t u r a r a
c a t i t u d i r r i l r l rs i , l x ) a t c ,i r r u r r c l c c a z r r r i ,
l a r . rs c h i r n b a r ca a f l l r c r i id c g r t r p .
la sclrinrbirresunr mai clesintdlnite in
r. S.'Ascmcneaprcdispr-rz.itii
c"zil ,,,t,ncnilorsupuli llrcsiunilorc<lnllictualc.in socictatcaltoastril,
r r t i t t l c c o r r r p l c x r ti r, r r l i v i z i ni u a l ) r l r l i nu n u i s i r ) g u rg , r u p .l i i s r r r r t
s t t l r r t ; ir t n c i v r r r i c t i i gdi c r r f i n i t r t gsio c i u l c l ) r i n ) r l r c c: l i r s al o r s o c i a l d ,

Itnft*t h ulilia a doua / 27

astt'cltlc chcnrilri conflictuale? Existd reguli generurlepentru erlc
a n t i c i p a p c a c c l c ac a r c s e v o r d o v e d i m a i l ) u t c r n i c e ?C i t i t o r u l v a
rrflac:i nrultc clirrtrc rczultatele prczentulLristudiu sunt relevantc
dcgi nu se pot face,d<larllrintr-o singurii invesin accitstelprobler-nri,
-fotupi,
tigagic,gencraliziiricertc despreun subiect atat de complex.
l ) l c t o ( l r lr l c z v o l t r r t riln s t u d i u l d i n d i s t r i c t u l ' E r i c a r p u t c a f u r n i z . a
nrijlorrt:clcrlc a rilsl.lttnrlcla accast{ intrcbarc. Ce tip de comport : l n l c r r tr r t l o l l t du n o n ) s r . r l ) r .urnso r l t r c s i t t n ic r l n l l i c t u r t l c lA m d c s c o pcrit in aceststucliucd,in comparaliecu rcstul pnpulafiei din lirie,
celor care au rcsimgit llresiuni conflictuale le-a luat mult mai nrult
tirnp sri ajungri la o decizie de vot dcfinitivri. Dar o astfel de intirzicrc rru cstc sirrgurarcacgicposibile.Alternativclc sul)t nunteroasc
p i c o r n p l c x c ,d c I a r c a c ; i in e v r o r i c ei n d i v i d u a l c ,c u m a r f i i n c a p a c i tateade a sc hotdri pAnain final, la solupiileintelectualecarear putea
r:onducc la noi rnigcririsociale,Multora din intreblrilc dcrutantc
r l c s p r cr c l a g i ad i n t r c a t i t u d i n i l ci n d i v i d u a l ep i m e d i u l s o c i a ll i s e v a
l)r.rtcariisl)unrlccind lrccstcproblcntc lcgatc dc presirrniloconflictLIalc5i dc rcirctiilc firlrtde clc vor fi c<lnrlllctgi corcct studiatc.
( e. Oe, cAnd vorbim despre un ont gi despre mediul in care
t rrilcSt'csinr plilici'im p roblema, cdci mediu l cr-r
prinde gi algioameni.
( l u n r s c d c z v o l t i ia t i t u c l i n i l el o r l S a u ,c a s d n e c x p r i m d m a l t f ' c l ,p r i n
r ; c n r c c a r r i s n r cq i r l a t o r i t dc i l r o rc v o l u p i ii p i s t a t l i l c A t cu n g n l l ) a t i t L t tlinicorrrttnc?

g r u p u l c t n i c , a f l l i c r c a r c l i g i o i r s da, s o c i a g i i l ci n l r r r r n a l cd i n c a r e l i r c
p a r t c . A c c s t c l t o z . i g i o t t i it rl ii s t i r r c t cv r l r t l c t c r r n i n i rt c r r t l i n l c c o r r l l i c t t t i r l ci n c i r z , ual l t u l ) ) i t o ri r r t l i v i z , u
i : n c l l t o l i ci r r s t i i r i t <
, l cc x c n t l l l u , a r
l ) u t c i t s i i t l c s c o p c r cc J a f l r r i t r i r i l cr c l i g i o a s ci l t r a g ? n t r - oc l i r c , c ! i ci ,n
v r c n t c c c p o z . i t i as o c i a l tai c l i r s c is a l ci l t l r r c ci n d i r c c t i ac o n t r a r d .l a r

[)in norr, prr-rblcntaaccastanc duce sltre mai t)]ulte dirCgrl.

S r r n t c r r rn c v o i l i . i n p r i r n u l r i i n d , s i l - i s t u d i c n t p e l i c l e r i id c o p i n i e . \
i n f i c c a r c g n r p s o c i u l ,c x i s t ' Ji n d i v i z i m a i a c t i v i g i c u o p i n i i f t r r m r r -

c i i n r l s i t r r a t i i l uC^r ) t ) ( ' r c t c[ ). r c c u n ]o c . l m p a n i ec l c c t o r r r l di,i l l r c t i n d

o t l c c i z . i cf c r r n : i ,c l c n c v o i t s r id c c i d di n s l t r c c x r c g n l p s c i n r l r c a l l t i i

tantc. llste rclativ uporsd-i identificdnrgi si cercetdm prin ce difere

ci clc n'rajorit.rtcanten)l)rilor grupului.
i n s t u c l i u lc l c f a g da r n c l c s c o p e r ict I u n a d i n r r e f u n c t i i l e l i d e r i k r r
o
r l c p i r r i cc s t , ci l c c c ac l c n r c t l i a t o r i n t r cn r a s sn r c t l i ai ; i n r c r r r l > r g
i in r p u r i l o r l o r . S c l ) r c s u p u n c .c l c o b i c c i , c : l o a m c n i i o b t i n i n f o r n r a t i i l c

l l r i r l r i t a rl o i l r l i t a t c as a .
I ) r o l l l c r r rtal c t c r r n i n i i r il ic l r r l r r i i rcr a r cs u r r tr.c z o l v u t ca c c s t cl ) r c s i t r r rci o n l ' l r c t u a lccs t c r r n at l i n t r c p r i n c i P a l c l cs a r c i r rai l c c : c r c c t i i r i r
socialc. LJrn.riltoarclc
irrtrcltirrisultt rclcvante pcntnl aceastlic()nc:
x i r t n c : i , . r . , r r cr l i n t r c d i f ' c r i r c l cl r r i a l l l r c r id c g r r r Pr c s i n r r ei n t j i v i c l r r l

l i r t e r r r a ic o c r c n t . l i i s L r n tm a i s c n s i b i l i d c c i t c c i l a l g il a i n t c r c s c l c
gruptrlui pi nrai ncrribddtori str se exprinre in problcnrelc inrpor-

c l i r c c tc l i n z i l v c , d c l a r a d i o 5 i d i n a l t e m e d i i . l { e z u l t a t e l e n o a s r r e
r r t tc o n f i r n x i a c c s tl u c r u .l v l a i o r i t a t e o
a a m e n i l r l ra u d o b i n d i t o m a r c

Zri / tllrtaui.rtuul totului

gi idcilckrrprincontactepersonale
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s t i t l > i l c sn
c r < l d at r i s t r r r ti n r i t a t i t l c c c i l i r l l i . [ ) a r i n v c s t . i g a [ i n
a()astrii
s t t g c r c a z ici i l a c e s tc o n c c l ) tf r r m i l i a rt r c b t r i c n t o d i f i c a t ,i n t r u c e t i i t i n r
i t c t r r l c i i i n f l u c n ; a r c ao 1 > i n i cfiu n c g i o n c a z l. ti u
i r r t t n r r rvi e r t i c a l ,d c l a
v i i r f s l l r c b a z r i ,c i g i o r i z . o n t a lc;x i s t : il i t l c r i d c o p i n i c i n o r i c c p l \ t t t r r i
socrllll.
/ ( 7 . I h r l l u c n f a r c ao p i r r i c i d c c d t r c l i d c r i c s t c d o a r u n u l d i n t r c
--/,
n r c c i r n i s n r c l cp r i n c a r c s c f b r n r c a z ial t i t u r l i n i l cu n r r i g n r l ; . [ J n a l t r r l
c s t c c c c ac c s - an u l n i t , , c n r c r g c r r g as "a t t, , c r i s t l r l i z A r cor rp"i n i c i . I i v c n i r n c n t c l c p u l l l i c c . s o c i a l cc, u n t r t rl i o c u n r p a n i cc l c c t o r a l i l l,) r e t i r ) ( l
i n r r r o r cl o n s t a n t l c c i z , isi r r ur n i l c a r o l l i n i i$. i r n c r r r I r r i i u n r g
r ir t t l l s c
s u P u n a c c s t o rc c r i n g c ,c h i r r r ; i a t u n c ic i i n r l n r r c x i s t r ir r i c iu n i n c l i v i < l
anunre pc carc sii se poati bazir pcntru urr sfat. Clci dinccllo dc
l i c l c r i i d c o p i n i c p i d c a s t r p r al o r c x i s t i i i n t c r a c g i u n ri c c i p r o c ci n t r c
n r c r n b r i ig r t t p t r l u i ,f a p t c a r ci n t r i r c l t cs c r r r i r ] ) c n t c l vea g i a l c f i e c i i r r r r
i r r d i v i d . [ ) c r n i i s t t r i ci c a u k r c a c e s t ci r r t c r r t c t i t r n si ,c c r i s t a l i z c a z ioi
n o t r dd i s t r i l r r r l i ci r r , p i r r i i l o;ri a i r t i t r r r l i n i l oi lrr t i ( : u l i l t c .
in cscnlLi,1'lroccsulilccstaclc cnrcrgcn:ri cstc () irltil faz.ilu 1lr<ic c s u l u i d c c o n s o l i d i t r cr l i s c u t a tn r a i s t t sl a l l u n c t u l ( 3 ) . C ' l i r r ccl x i s t d
prcjtrdccilpin
, t c r a c t i u n i l cl c v o r c o n s o l i c l p
a r r rg i s i r n p h r c; i i n d c x i s t d
d t . r a r r n c l c s c n t i m c n t c v a g i , i a r n u i l t i t L t d i r rlil r o p r i r r - z i s ci,n t c r i r c l i u n i l c r c c i p r o c cv o r c r i s t i r l i z ral c c s t cs c n t i t ) ) c n t ci n o p i n i i f c r n r c ,
A s c n r e n c ac n ) c r g c n t c a l c a t i t u r l i n i l o rs a u a c t i u n i l o ra u f o s t s t L t c l i i r t c c, l c r c g t t l l l .r r t t r n i tiin l c g r i t u r ici r r f c n o r r r c r r c l tcl c l l a n i c l is i l l tc l l
i r r c c r c l i r i l cr l c a i n t c l c g c , , c o n l l ) o r t i r r r r c r r trrrrrl r r l l i r r r i l r l r "A. c c l c r r r ; i
l ) r o c c s cs c l ) c I r c c ,t ( ) t u s i ,i n n r u l t c a l t c s i t r r r r t isi i n r r t o t t l c a u n ad r r c
l u t u r b u l c n q i s a u l a v i o l c r r g r Ii .l l c s c p et r c c o r i t l c c i t c o r i u n c r r r c i r t
d c p r o p i t g : t n r l ri ir r r t n t l r o
i c o r r r t r n i t l r t cr ',i r r r l r r r c l:o t ; t r r r c v c n i r t r c n t

I'nhkl

h alilia n dtaa | 29

irnpurtantsaucirrclurmcazdsdse ia o deciziede grtrp..$i,din cattza

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[urrclicclc gnrdrrllor cleflcxilrilitate.Intcngiadc vot e.stcceamai
atituclinileasupraunorsubiectcmai spccificctind sddevin:I
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l'flaPl

ll edilia a doru / .l l

t l c o p i r r i c :c,v c r r i r n c r . r t col cl r i c c t i v cs r r ui n t c r a c l i r r n i l rcc < : i p r o c cr c, z u l -

dczbatcri intportartte,se ajunge la decizii de vot prin intermediul

unor [)roccscsllc:cifice?in recentele campanii prezidengiale,ctlnl
l r t l c c l e s t r r t l i r r t ci n 1 9 4 0l i 1 9 4 4 ,a u f o s t p u [ i n c c o n t r o v c r s ci l l t r c

t i r t u l s c l r i n t b i l r i li l r c s u ; l u n c o c ( ) c r c n ; i n
l r a i n t i l r c , a t A ti n i n t c r i o r u l
g r u l > t t r i l o rc, i t g i i n p r i v i n l a i n d i v i z i l o ri n g i g i .I ) e n r i l s r r r icl e ? r c e s t e

cclc clouil pirrticlcinrportante.Ca atare,traditia ltoliticil i;i echipelc

dc ciurrl'rirnieau fosr l'actoriilrordritori in luarea deciziilor de vot.

[ ) r o c c s cn r o r l c l c a z ,id; i m o d i f i c . to l l i n i i l c , s l ) o r c i i t cp i c o r r s c n s uiln t r o
rtrcn)l)rig
i r r r p r r l r r ia; v c r n ,a s t f c l ,o n t i $ c a r cs i n r u l t a r r icl r l t r co r r r o g c -

A c r r r r ri.n s i I ,c x i s t r it o t n ) a i r n u l t c d o v c z i c ' JP a r t i d u l R c p r r b l i c a np i
I ) a r t i d r r l[ ) c r r r o c r a ts e i n d r e a p t ds p r e u n c o n f l i c t t o r m a i a c c e n t t l a t

nizarca din intcriorr.rlgrupului gi ciitre ltolarizareacrcscindil intrc

g r u l l u r i l e p c c a r el c - a m d e s c r i sl n a i i n a i n t e .$ i , c o r e l a t i v ,p e m l r s u r d
c c i n c l i v i d r r l s cc o n f < r r n t e x zn.rda i p r o f u n d m e d i u l u i s d r rs o c i a [ r, e z o l -

in ceca cc privc;;te protrleme esenliale,cum ar fi legislagiamuncii.

in a.ettc condigii.r,iitoarelecampanii prezidengialene-ar oferi posi-

b d r ii i r np l i c r ir c z o l v a r c ap r c s i un i l o r c o n f li c t u a l c , i n f lu c r r ; i rl i d c r i l o r

I ' i n r l p r c s i t r n i l c o r r f l i r : t r r a l c ; ; i c r i s t a l i z i n dsuc-n1ti i n l c n t c l cv u g ii r r
( ) l ) l i u n i[ c r r r r cr, n r r l t cr l i n t r ci n c o l ) s c c v c n g cdl ci n c a c l r r r l s c t u l us i l u
d c r r t i t u r l i n iv o r d i s p i i r c a .
r iu a n t c a z dr e z l r l t a t c l es t l l i n s l i r s i t , d e g i a c c s t eg c n c r a l i z a ' in
r l i u l r r i d c f a t d , e s t c i m p o r t a r r ts d l c r c c u n o a ; t c m c a r a c t c r u lp r e l i r r r i r r i r r; i c x l r c r i n r c n t i r l .l n v c s t i g r r r c aa l t o r s i t u a l i i s l t c c i f i c c p < l a t c
c o t t t l t t c cl r t t u l i g c t t c r i t l i z , dsriit t rl x r l t c i r r r l i c i r r c v o i i r l c i r l c n r o t l i f l c a
p c c c l c s c l r i g a t ca i c i . N u t r c l l u i c u i t a t t l r c l a ; i r rd i n t r c :r r n s t u d i u
l)articulitr;i tiptrl clc gcncralizirrcla care nc refcrint. Accastarezunt'i
i n f t . r r r t r t g iaar l u n a t : lp r i n J a c u n r ,d a r n u e s t e n u r n a i a r i i t .G c n c r a l i . r . ; l r i loc 1 > c r c i r zd' Jc, a s c n t c n c i tg, i c t u n g l r i t l r r l r r o i l o r c c r c c t r l r ci ,i l c i ,

bilitatea cle a stucliacum se cristalizeazdatitudinile fagdde problenrclc tlcz.biltr.rtc

1i cunr sunt dctcrnrinatcaccsteatituclini de tratliliilc
t l c v o t g i r l c i r r l l r r c n l c l cd c g r u 1 l .
A s c r r r c n c ai n f o r r n a l i i p o t f i o b j i n u t c g i p r i n c f c c t u r t r c at t n o r
studii sirnilare asupraalcgerilor locale,$tinr ctl, de cele mai multc
ori, atcngiaeste centrateipe problemele localegi cd, in multe dintre
a c c s t c r l l,i n i a p a r t i c l r r l r rci s t e i n c i l c a t { d e c o m b i n a g i i l et e m p o r a r e
a l c g r r r l r r r r i l ocr l c i n t c r c s c .i n a s c n r c n c ac o n d i t r i ia, c t i v i t i l g i l ep a r t i i ! r r l r r is t t p t l i r n i t a t c .i n a i n t e c a i n d i v i d u l s i l a j u n g r ll a o d e c i z i c d e
vot, cl trebuic sri se hot'irascdasupraopiniilor sale privind problen r c l c s i p o l i t i c i l c l o c a l e .E l p o a t e f i d e s c h i si u f l u e n ; e l o r p r o v e n i n d
tlirr rlivcrsc sursc,iur proccscleprin carc ipi va edifica hot'trrircitltot

l i r r i r r d s c a n l at l c c l c , ; t i r n d c l a i n c c p u t c c s i l c i i r r t i l r t rI.i l c s r r n t ,
t o t u $ i ,p r c a g c n c r a l c .C o n c c p t c l e p e c a r c l c i m l t l i c i l t r c b u i e a c l u s e

ll ditcritc cle acclcacare au funcpionatin rccentele campanii prezi--dcrrgiale.

l a r c p c r c s l l c c i l i c c , a c l a l l t a t cl a s i t u t g i ac o n c r c [ i I .N u r n a i p r i n n o i
c c r c c t i l r i; i p r i n i n t c r d c p c n d c n [ ap c r n r a n c n t dc l i n t r cc l a t eg i g e n e -

vrea sd afltrnrmai multe despre pcrsonaliin al doilca riincl,arr-r

t a t c ap i n r c d i u l s o c i a la l c e l o r c a r ei g i s c h i m b da t i t u d i n i l e . A c e a s t a

raliz.iirisc [)oatc rcaliza trn [)r()grcssistcrnatic.

a r l ) r c s t t l ) u n cs t r r d i id c c a zd c t a l i a t e ,a t a ta s u p r av o t a n I i l o ri n s t a l l i l i ,
c i t g i a s u l l r ac e l < l r, , c a 1 > t i v i i"n. s t u d i u l c l i n d i s t r i c r u l E r i c a u f o s t

Cutre o viitoarc cercetru'e

S t t n t l r l t r t l i n t r c l r i i rci : i c n l i i r l c r t r cl r c c c s i t i n
l r o r r l i r r r r ; r irrcr v c s t i g r i r i
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s f c r i rs t r r b i l i t i5i i r l c s c r i r rc o n t c x t u li n c a r c t r c l l r i c [ ) c r c c l ) u t? n t r c g r r l
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i r l c c r r r r r p i r r r i cv ir r f l t l i s c t r t i r itn t r - u n c a l l i r o ls c l ) r l r r l ti,r l r i n l l ) o r t r l l l t r l
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O scurtilprezentare
a regiuniipi a eveninrentclordc funclalva scrvioricntrlrii<leansambltt
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50 / tllnttt.enu/

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) ;i c i v o t u r i l cv c t c r i t r r i l osra t ta l c v r c u n u i i l l t
l l v c n i r t r c n t c l c r r r a j o r c- l < l c a l c ,n a g i < l n a l;ci i r r t c r n a g i o n a l -c
H r u l ) n u l ) i l t c i . l Uf i a t l j u t l c c a t cg l 0 l r a l ;o r i c r r n r ,i l \ ' c i r u l ) r c i r l ) i l l i l ) l
c a r cs - i l u l ) e t r e c u ti n P e r i o a d ac a m p a n i e ip i a s t u c l i L r l uni o s t r t ts t t n t
n r e r n l r r il ) c n t n r i r f l i n f l u c n t e c a r r n i t ' i t i .
rcprclentiltc in liigura 2. Ele ne-ar putea ajuta si nc reamintint
( ) a n r p a n i i td i n 1 9 4 0 a g d s i t o r g a n i z . r r gIi)iirr r t i t l u l u il { c p t r b l i c a n
; r ( r r r r t s l ' cgr ci tr r c r a l riit < : l r t r p a n i ctil i n 1 9 4 0 .
l r i r r ci r r l l l t r r r t irnt t r r t t l i s t r i r ; t t rili,r r p c t c r r r l c r r r , r t ' m t lri1r r, r :i lo r r r r t r l ; r
I)istr-ictul gi politica

n r u l t n r i r iI ) r . r I i cn f i c i c u t l . i \ l a i r n t r l t i{ r r c r o rai r r c o n t r i b r r ilta a c c a s t i
s t a r cr l e l u c r L r r i N
. ' l a i n t i i , i r t l t I a n i v c l l o c a l ,c i t 5 i s t a t a l ,d c m o c r a t i r
sc conlrrtrrliru
d c r r r t r l ct r r l i i c t i r r n i r r r i r r d u r i l cl ) a r t i d u l u i i. n l l l r r s .

l)itrtitul l,,tie,olio, 1910 / 5.1

52 / tllanri.e ntul votului

liigrrra 2: Lverinretlclc
.
Henoada

uIrma
lumatalo
.
a tut tunto

Prima
iumatate
a luiiulie

cntnltnnici rlin 1940 in r/istrictu/ litie

Evonimenlelo
locale

Evonimentelo
nalionale

Evenimenlele
internalionale

Al doilea
lnlervru cu
sur)tecltl
osanltonutul

Knox 9i Stimsonnumifiin
cabinet.PadidulRepublicanvotoazdplatlorma
pontrupaco. Willkio9i
McfJarynornlnalizali
la
candidaturA.

A doua
A cincoa
Franfacere pacea. jumAtate
inlervievare
Franceziisemneazd a l u i
ogantionului
in lormoniilui Hitlor. septernbtie a
Sonrnnroaarrlislifiululfranco-ltallan

A treia
intervievare
a
o s a n t i o n u l uai ,l
doileaInlorviu
pontrucJrupul
de controlA

Doamna l]oosevelt se
adreseazaoamenilorin
Lakeside,Ohio.
RoosevelldeclarAcd nu
va trimitosoldali
'in
amgricani Europa.

Churchillanunta
cd grosulfloteifranceze a fost captural
sau distrus.Laval
Instituio
slatul
,,corporatist"

A doua
lum6tate
a l u ii u l i e

Roosevelt$i Wallace
Conferinfa
nominalizafila Convenfia panamericand
DemocratA
la Havana

Al patrulea
interviucu
Prima
egantionul,
jumAtate
al doilea
a lui augusl
pentrugrupul
de conlrolB

incop rlozbatoriloprivind
incorporArilo;
Lindbergh
indeamnAla cooperare
cu Germaniadacd lortele
Axei cdgtigA.Roosevelt
reitereazi:soldalii
americaninu vor fi trlmisi
in afaragranilolor

Cleveland
A doua
Plain Doaler
jumdtate
incepe sd-l
I lui august suslinApo
Willkie

Willkieisi fine discursul

de acceptarola Elwoocl,
in Indiana.Wallacedemi- Primulmare
sionoazddin cabinol.
bombardamonl
Recenzarcaimiqranlilor britanicasupra
do alte nnlionalilali.SeBorllnului
natuladoptAun proiect
de lege privindn-.crutArile

Prima
jumAtalo
a lui
septembrio

Marea Britanie
Discursulde Ziua Muncii oblino navo amerial lui lloosovolt,
c a n o ,i n s c h i r n b u l
chom{\nciStaloloUnitosA u n o r b n z o n o r i o n o
so unsascaDgnlrLt
o
9i navale.Prima din
apdraretota16.Congresul cele l4 zile de.
voteaze Legea Recrutdrii raiduriaeriene
asupra Londrei

RooseveltsemneazA
Legea RecrutArii.Statele
Unite interzicexoorlulde
fier vechiin Japonia.
Turneulelectoralal lui
Willkieprin Vostirl
Miilociu9i indepArtat(opt
discursurllmportanlo)

incheierea
alianlei
militared
zece ani intre
Germania,
Italia$l
Japonia

Criza
din Balcani

Prima
jumdtate
a lui
octombrio

Willkievorbegtein
Sandrrsky.Ultimazi
de inscrierepe
listeleelectorale

RoosevellviziteazaOhio
?ntr-unlurneu,,nonpolitic"de inspecfiea
sistemuluide apdrare

A doua
lumatate
a lui
octombrie

SandttskyNows il
suslrrrope Roosvelt.Al gasoloa
interviual e$antion u l u i ,a l d o i l e a
p e n t r rgt r u p u ld e
6entvr>l
C. GeraldL.
K. Snrilhvorbegto
in laia a 3.000de
o a m e n id i n S a n dusky,cu ocazia
t u r n e u l ul iu i W i l l k i e

Conssmnaroarocnllilor.
John L, Lewisil suslino
pe Willkie.Willkiein
Italia
VestulMijlociu9i in Est
(opt discursuri
invadeaze
imporlanle).Primololrei Grecia
discursuripolitlcoalo lul
Rooseveltin cadrul
campaniei

Prima
A gaptoa
a
i(,matat
inlcn/ievare a
lui
egarrlionului
noiombrie

Ultimelediscursuriale
campanioi:Roosovoltin
Brooklyngl Cleveland,
Willkiein New York.Ziua
pe 5 nolembrie
alegerilor,

O r i c e l l o l i t i c i a nl l r a g r n a t i cc a r c i ; i n r c r i t i in r r n r e l ec u n o a g t eb i n e s t r a t i n c r l r c cal c c t o r a t r t l u i
anrcrican.Printre uneltelc salc cotirlicnc trcb t t i e s d s e n u m c r e c u n o a f t e r e at i p r t r i k r rd c
o a r n c n ic a r e s u n t p a s i b i l i t l c a f i r e p t r b l i c r t n i
i n n l i g i s r t u t l c r n o c r a ; ip r i n t r i r c l i l i c .N t t i t r r c zista prea mult in politicli clac:l nu trr sinrti
instinctiv care cetil;eaneste sau nu sensil>illa
a r g u r n e n t c l eu n r r i p a r t i d s n r a l t u l .
A s t d z i , m a i p c s t e t o t i n A r n c r i c a ,l l o l i t i c i a n u l p o a t c c o r ) t a1 l c b a n c h c r i , p c o i r r r r c r r i i
clc aftrceri,pe episcopi pi pe nrultridilrtrc cci
a f l a g is u b i n f l u c n g a l o r c a v o t a n t i f i r l c l i r r i
r c p u b l i c a n i l o r .D c a s c l n c n c i l ,c l g t i c c i \ i n r i g r a n l i i , n r l t n c i t o r i i , . l ) r c o l i i c, a ; i r r r r t j o r i t a t c i r
ccl<lr din 1;arohiileacc.stora- in spccirrl cci
d i n u r a g e- c o n s t i t t r i c b a z a P a r t i d u l t r i D c n r o c r a t ,c u e x c c p t i aS u d U l u i t r a d i t i o r r l l i s t .
'I'rrisiturile
prin carc rrlr politician ditl'rcnl)il'crcrrlclc l i i t z r l d, c c i , t t r r r c p r r b l i c : t rtrl c r r n ( l c n l o o r u tl ) i r r

( ; A l , l ' l ' o l . l l t .i l l

sooirrleclil'r(rc sri tic statutul cconornic, rcligia, rcz.itlcnla5i

rcpublicani ( ) c t l l ) a I i aL. a a c c s t c r ts c l ) o a t c a t l i i t t g l rt t n n l
si denrocrati cincilca I'actor- virstl. I,lxpericnlanc aratricri

5h

'llrt tuttltrt/

l)iluzrlrlr.totiah liutrr tvpultlinni;i rlatrunt1i / 57

t,o/rt/tri

t i r r c r i i i i c r v i t rli) c c o l ) s c r v r t t oirri- rp o l i t i c l i ,a g ac l l n t o l i r c a i i n n r a t c r i rd i f ' c r i r ic, o r e l ' J t i aa c o b o r i t l a 0 , 6 s a u l a 0 , 7 . rD e q i e x i s t l i o a r ) u n r i t d

vrrrirrtic,
rhrpii crrrnsc vc(le, estimdrile furnize'azA
o clasificarcrelativ
t l c r r r t t z . i cliri a
, r r t cs i r r rn ) a l t i c l c .
i n r r r a r cl ) i r r t c s, t u ( l i u lv o t t r r i l o r l i n I , l r i c i, n 1 9 . 1 0c,o r r l l r n r ial c c i r s s[ tr rb i l r i .
[)rrr oarc clrrsillciilrccstccvalurlrio'arncniiastf'clincit rczultirtul
c x l ) c r i c n l r i . l ) a r f i r c c n r a i r n u l t r l c c i t s d c o n f ' c r cs t a t r l r l t i i n t i f l
corcsl)unclii
cxpcricngei gcnerale? Din nou, cxistti probe care
sri
u f r ( ) r c u n o l t i n l c d c l x r n s i r n g .S i s t c n t a t i z . i n ( xl c c s t c c u n ( ) $ t i n t e
t l i i r t t ln r i i s t t r irrc r r l i la i n l l r c n l c i l i c c : i r r r i itrl i r r t r cl c c ; t i I r r c t o r ir r is t r a r r r a t rtl: r i c v a l r r i i r i l cS I j S s u n t i n t r - o s t r l n s d ' r c l a ; i cc u p o s e s i u n i l e
t i l l c r i r i i ,s t t t d i u l i i i c r a r l r i z . c a z9ni I c c v i c l c n ; i a z .i{n t c r c l c p c n d c n t a . n l J t c r i d l c r c i r l c a l c c c l o r c l r e s t i o n a [ i .C u c i t c s t i r n a r e ae s t e m a i
i r r a l t r ic, r r i l t ' i t n l r r im i r r i s t t n t v e n i t u l r n c d i u , n u n l i l r u l d e a r t i c o l cd c
t r zc i t s n i cs c t t r n p cc t c . {
Itolr"rl stututtrlui socio-cconornic

Accstc cvaluiiri .SESsunt strf,nslegategi cle nivclul de cducapie

r r ls u b i c c t i k r r .A s t f c l . c c l c m a i i n a l t e e s t i m { r i s e r c f e r ' t rl a o a n r c n i i
i r r , r i n t ct l c : t t l i s t : t t t r; to l u l p c c i l r cs t r l t l t t usl o c i o - c c o r r o t ni li c. j o r r ri:ri lt l c , t l i r c c r i5 i l l r s p c c i r t l i 5 t i n
, v r c n t c c c a c c l c i rr ) r a ij o r r s cs t l n t i l c ( ) r r t l c i i t t r i t csi t r l r c t t t r r rrl rt ci c k r rt l o t t r ll l r t l t i t l ci r l l l o r t l r n t c s, r l r r r r r r l i z l(nl r r t cn l i r i i t l c s n ) r I l l c i t o r i k rpr i l u c r : I t o r i l o ar g r i c o l i .
n t a i i n t i i i r r c l c x t t tl l r r p : lc i r r cr r r i l s r r n i nur c c i l r i t icl r r r i r c t ci sr t i c r i .
l ) c s c r r r t ,s t r r d i i l c i l r r a r i l t a cc i l a c c s t cc v l l u i l r i c l l i t a t i v c r c l ) r c ( . l c r c c t a r c ao p i n i c i p u b l i c c f i r k r s c g t cr l c o b i c e i c v a l r r l i r i l ci n t c r /.intiiun [el dc nredie sau cle fhctor comun al estimrtrilordit'eritelor
v i c v a t o r i l < llrl r i v i n r l s t a t u t u ls o c i o - c c o r r c l r nai cl s u b i c c t i l o r .I . c v o n strrtuturipentru grupLrrilesocialespecifice i;i <liversecu crlre sLlnt
r r t t r r r i n c o r r t i n r r a r cc s t i l ) l i i r iS l l , S ' . I n t c r v i c v a t o r i is u n t i n : i t n l i t i s , r r s o c i r rot ia n r c r r i i .I i s t c b i n e c u n o s c u t ,d c e x e n r p l u , f a p t u l c i i , i n
c r " . r l r t c z l. oc c r r i n p c l cb. u n r r r i l c ,f ' c l u l t l c a f i q i r l c a v o r b i a l c s r r b i c cr n r r l t cc o r . r . r r t n i t ru' rnt i .n l l n t c d c f a n r i l i cc a r c d a t e a z i id c s c c o l cc o n t i l o r c h c s t i o n x t i l i i s a i - ic l a s i t l c cc o n { b r n r p o z i l i c i l o r i n i n t c r i o n r l c r i i r r r a i ' m t t l t
l ) r c s t i ! { i rd. rc c i t b o g d g i aL. I n o m ; i c u b a n i , i ; i c u s t a t u t
c o r n u n i t i i l . i ip, o t r i v i t u n u i [ r a r c n r .( ) a m c n i i c u c c l e n t a i l t u n c l o c u lrrrnilialva 1l cirtllogat de cdtre cei carc-l chestioneazd ca fiind
i n l c , n r < l l r i l i il,r a i n c c t c . , c u c c i n t a i r n r r l ; i l r a r r il t r i n r r r r t r a r cv. o r I s u l ) c r i ( )r t n r r i ac a r c s e c a l i f l c dd o a r p r i n t r - u n t r ld i n r r e a c e s t ed o u i i
t ; i t t r t l o g i cr lui n , i r r r o r r r r r c rrrliiir rc c r r l : r l tcr xi t r c n l l , c r r I ) . i n t l i s t r i c r ua s l ) c c t cl.a r p c r s o r . t r d
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l n u n c i t o r i l o rp r i r rl l o l i t i c al r r i p r i v i n t lS o n r r r j r r l .
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l r rl l r o l l l c r r r c l cl c r r r r i c r i l o rl .r ro < : r c S t c rl cl l t t i c i l ) : l t:i ri l l r o s p c r i t r l tgi ic r r c t i r l c r l l r t r l r i t itlt r t n i r st r r t tr r l n t i at l i n t r c t ; a r r r l i t l i r gl rir,i r n t l c r : v l r r c ll ) r ( ) g r i l n r u l u i s o c i a li r l l l r c s c c l i r r t c l r rl iu, d r r t o r i rpr r r l r l i c igi i l a c l r c l t u i c l i l c
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a t t t r r c ic i r r t l s - u t tr i l z g i r r t l i ti n l i r v o a r c ar c l l u l l l i c a r r i l r l r r . . 1u9r t o f c r i t
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v i n t a a c c s t u i t r l t i r l r l s l ) e c tr.c f c r i t o r l a p r o v c n i e t t g a
l u i W i l l l i i c , s - l f r i c t r tn r i l r c c a z .d c - a l u n g u l c a n t l l n n i c i s { l c ; v o l l l
r c v c r r i n ) r r it i r ' l . i l l i t s u P r rl t t i , )
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i r r l lrr c n lc z . cr c s tt t l c o t t t t t n i t r t g i i .
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g r t t p r r r i l cp r o { i ' s i o l r a l(c' l ' a b c h r ll l l ) .

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r r r r r i r r r l rri il r : c i z i c ri l c v o t , l ) c l l t n t t o i l t c c c l c l a s c t i l ) U r is t i r b i l i t c ,c s t c
l ) r c r c r r t i ri tr r l i i g r r r r2r ( ) .
l. lir/iuirt ,ti rtirv:/rr/.rar'i,-u,,rtotttit-.
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t t t i t l r lp c ( : l r r ci l n t n r c n I i o n a t - o .l ) r o t c s t a n t i ci r r n i v c l S I I S s c t i z . r (r (t ) 1 i l ) ) 1 i r : r r t o l i cci ri r r r i v c lS l i S r i d i c a t( n , l ] , ( i + . )r r r rl i r s rs r r p r r s r
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afaceri satt in guvernare?Majoritatea oamenilor cu inten;ii de vot
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l o r l l r c z i c l c r r l i l lp i t l c n t o c r t l i c a r c c o l t s i ( l c r a lcl x l ) c r i c n I t l i r t l f i c c r i
. c c i ; t i d c v i a n ; i a t l f t ) s tg i c i , l l r i n l r r l ) a r c , s t t l t r t P i
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secial pi dc idcrrtificareaaparcenen;eide clas'i,de traditiile de v<-rt
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iulrixia .sc/rotuini.scnai rqrr/e r/ecrittu:itute o.erikupi iulrt:
rlouri purlir/e
O s c i l a n [ iui n u i s i n g u rp a r t i d

l;igrrra Zai C;ucit e'temai mic interzsuloantenilorgi cu cit su,t rnai

L n,,,,,rtlosep,e'siunile
ronflichtalctdroru /c -runtsttptt,ri'ru
atit nai aaiakle suil inre4iile lor deaot

Oscilanliiintre doua oarlide

Momonlul docizioi linalo

Ooue salr mal rntlllolil)urldo proslunl

a(rta0onic9l lnleros mal scezut
D o u l . ^ r , m a l m l t l l ol i t ' u r id e p r o s l t l n l
antagonlco9l lntBrosrldical

Sol)lomt)ricn
- oiombrio .... ....

dc srhinrl'd'i | | I I

AlegAtori
captivi

Oscilanliiunui Oscilanfiiintre
sincrrrparlid dorrApartide

Nici un lip de presiuneconllicluale

sau unul singur si intoresmai scazul

. l u n i e - a u g u s. t- . . . . - . .
Totalulde cazuri

(14s)

Nicl un tip de presiuneconflictuale

sau unul singur gi interssridicat
Numir total de cazuri

(45)

(irudul dc intcrcs, prcsiurrile conflictutlc

ai rrlcgrit'rii m.llili
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d c a l c g d t . r i c i r r c a u a j r r n sl a d e c i z i af i n a l d c l e v o r p c c r i i d i f c r i t e ?
I - a t t t l i f c r c r r l r i r tc c i r l . i f a c t r l r ir l c i r r f l r r c n r ll ) c i l ( ' c ft i r r l c g i i t , r i l z
s i t t t l t i l c s t c c l r r r : i I. ) c l r ru l c g . l t o r ici r r p t i v il a l r l c g i i t o r i ri r r o b i l ia i
t t n u i s i n g r r rP i r r t i dp i p i n i l l r r a l c g l r o r i i r r r o b i l ic a r c a u o s c i l i r t? r r t r c
c c l c r l o r r i lp a r t i d c s - a o b s c n ' a t o s c l k l c r cc ( ) n s t l u l t ia i r r t c r c s u l r rpi i
o s p o r i r c l a l L ' lt l c c ( ) t l s t i l l t t irtl l t r c s i t t n i k rcr o n l l i c t r r t r i c(.) a r r r c n ici a r c
p i - a r rs c : h i r r r l ) i Il X
r )z.itia
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i n c i t s i i c ( ) c l r c r e z cc r r a n r b c l c p a r t i d c , s - a u s i t u a t i n t r e a l c g i t o r i i
c o n s t a n I i ; i c c i c a r ea u s c h i n r b a [t ) a r t i d u lA. l t f e l s p u s ,c r rc l i t a t r f o s t
n r a i n r a r c i n t c r c s u l g i m a i r c t l r r s ep r c s i u r r i l cc o n f l i c r r r a l ea s u p r a
t t t ' t c iP c r s o a l l c ,( i r t a t i t l r c c i r s t a a ' , , r rttc l r r l i n ; r tc l c i r s c r l c c i < l cr l c l j n i t i v . t l c l i r i r r c c p r r t r rcl l r r r P i r n i c i ,l i l r i ra s c r i l z . g i r n rtlri l t c r i o r( l ; i g r r r i r
2 4 ) . D a c z lr r r ra l c g i i t . r a n r a n i l c s t a tn r a i p u t i n i r r r c r c s .f i i . r r s u p u s .
i n a c c l a g ti i r n P ,n r a i r r r r r l r ' rp r c s i r r n ia, t u n c ic l s - ai n d r i t n r i r im r r l t
9 i n r a i t i c c l ' c r r r t l c c i i t c l l g i i t , r i i c i r P t i v i ,r l a r a < l c ' i r t c l o a rs p r c o

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sc[imbarcrir{icir[],lrrrf<lstccl mai [)u[inintcrcsali<lcalcgcri,ccl
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v ( ) t r r r ia r r r : l n l a sn c l l o r i i r i i t cP A n i li r r r r l t i n r c l cs t r r < l iai l c c a r n g l a n i c i .
o a l l r c n i i c i r r c g i - a t r l ) l r t l l t s c l l i r l r b ac l i r c c g i ap o l i t i c i i i n u l t i r n r r l
t n ( ) n ) c l t t- l t r rI i r s t ,c a s r is P r r r r c Darp a ,r l i s p r l r r i l l i lyi > c n t r trrr l t i n t i ll l c r s o a r r dp e c i l r c a l t i n t i l r r i t - o i n a i n t c r r z i l c i a l c g c r i [ o r . I ) i i r c r c a c : i
O r t r D c r rci ri r r cs c h i r n l l i p
l r r r t i t l uilr r t i r r r p r rrl ; r r r r r p r r n i rcri l r r c cp l r t c ,
i n P r i n c i p a l ,r l i l r c i r t c g , r i r cr c l o r r a l i o r r r r l ri ,c l l c x i v i , c r ) l r 5 t i c l r 1 i 5c i r r c
s c l : t s dc o n v i n ; i r l c a r g u l n c n t c l cc l i r rc a r n l l a n i cc s t c c u t o t r r lc r o n a t . . l .
I)c lirllt, cci rlcsprc carc vorbirrr rcPrcz.intiirrraidcgrabll colrtrirriul.

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discontirrtrtlarc rcpercusirrniin Lone care nu sunt in directi legAt r r n i c l r r n ( ) t i v u ls t t f c r i r t t c i .

l,lstirrriirile crl'cctuatcastlPra alegiltorilor mobili propritt-zi9i,
cilrc rllrtrccut rlc lir ttn llartid la altul, au indicatfallttrlc{ trelltlie
l r r a t r il n c o n s i d c r a r es i d i r e c t i a s c h i m b d r i i .N u a t t e x i s t a t t r d s i l t t t r i
accastilc{tcgoric ca atarc. Cla
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v a l a b i l p i p c n t r u a l t e v a r i a b i l es o c i a l e .

de persorralitate alc ulegritorilor rnobiIi

(jiit tlc rrrobili sunt alcgaltorii rnobili

I ) c r s o n a l i t d g i ltcl i f c r i t c l ' r t i l l u r i t l c r l c g i i t . r i p ' t f i c ' r r r p i r r a t c

l)c
b a z r rc v a l u d r i l ' r f i c u t c d c i n t c n , i c v a t ' r i i r r o g t r i .D u P . i a l
llatrulca
i n t c r v i u , n r o r n c r r [i n c a r c a n c l r c t a t r l r idi e v c n i s e r i id c j a c o n p t i c n t i
c l c t r i i s i i r r r r i l cP c r s o r r a l ca l c s r r l r i c c t i l r l rf ,i c c a r c m c r r r l > r ui r l c $ r r n t i o nului a fi)st cvaluat Pc o scarrlgraliceitlc cvirIuarc, ac<lpcrinrlz.ccc
trdsilturide pcrs<.rnalitatc,
u{iordc obscrvat 1tcparcrrrsulcarnpanici.
I - a a p r 0 a 1 > teo l t t c c i l r a c t e r i s t i c i l ca. l c g r l t o r i ic ( ) n s t a r ) [ai u a v u t
c s t i m l r i s t t p c : r i o a r{ca g dd c c c i n r q l r i l i .l t i a r r f i r s t t l c f i n i t i p r i n t r - '
n r i r in r a r cs i g r r r a r r ldi lc s i r r c ,l i i n d , d c a s c u l c l l c l l n
, raillinc infirrrn:r1i,
n r a i c o o p c r a n t ii i i c u a r i i d c i n t c r c s r r r a il a r g i .' l ' 0 a r c a c e s r cr r i s r l t u r i
c o r c s p u n t l9 i i r r t c r c s u l u il o r l x r l i t i c ,n c t s u P c r i < l r . ' l i r l io s c i l a n g i ip, c
d c a l t i l l ) a r t c ra u r l c r n o n s t r a ot g a r r r dl i r r r i t a t tr l c i n t c r c s c i ; i t l c c . n t i l c t c c o r ) r u n i t i r r cf l c i n a r r t o c v a l u i i r i l lco r , f i c l l r i n i r l t c i n s t r r r n r c r r t c
t l c t t l i l s t t r lilr r t l i c i r t ci l r l t c r i o r .A c c s t l r r c n rs r r b l i l r i i r z l,i rl p t r r l c r o
i cinltp a n i c t r c l l u i c r c o r i c l r t a t it r c l ) t a t[ ) c l r t r ua - i c i ; ; t i g r r t : c i n r i r ip r r g i n
1lc
i n t c r e s a gii; i i r l P l i c l t i , P c i r r d i v i z i i, , r e t r a g i ' ,c, u o r i T . o l . l t uer ix i s t c n g i a l cn r a i r n ' J r g i u i t c .

Dacri antrrrritiiirctori i-au determinat pe oameni sd se rdzgindeascd

o clatii,poate ci au contribuit pi la alte schinrb{ri ulterioare. Exact
a$as-il pi intirlplat. AlegAtoriicare gi-auschimbat o datd inten;iile
clc vot au first susccptil)ili de a se rrlzgindi din nou in orice monl"nr. in ansanrblu, 59Vo clintre schimbdrile decise de aleg'trtori
rlc-a lrrngrtlinrrcgii campanii au fost intreprinsede doar 38Voclintre
alcgr'rtrrriintotrili (care, la rlndul lor, au reprezerltat doar l9Vo din
a r r s i r r r r l r l cr rl lc c ( o r r t u l u i ) .A c e a s t {c o n c e r t t r a rac u n c i s c r i i d c s c l t i m briri nrrrltiplc intr-un grup relativ mic poate fi ilustratil gi intr-un alt
nrocl. I)cntru ficcare interviu, putem clasifica alegdtorii in dourl
grrrprrri: accilr c:arcau rccttrs la o scltintbirrcde orice tip, intr-tttr
anunrit rnonrcnt, pi acciit care ntl att fdcut<r. Aleg:Itorii cilrc s-iltl
rilz.girrdito tlrrtrlarr {irst de trei ori mai dispui;i clc a-gi schirnba tlirr
n o r r i n t c n ; i i l c l a r r r r r r d t o r uiln t c r v i u , c o n r p a r a t i vc t r c c i c a r c n t t o
ftrcuscrtidcloc.

plus, oscilantii arr P:irursii sufcrc ?ntr-ornai nrarc n)asLrrii

clc inadaPt a l l i l i t a t c . p r o l l a t i ll l r i n t r - t .sr t a r cs p o r i t i id c n c n r u I t r r n r i r cp i I i p s i id c

Accastii nrobilitatc reprezintil nltmai tl exterrsie a inflLterrgci

i r r t c r c s e l e rp i p r e s i u n i l o rc o n f l i c t u a l e .O a m e n i i c : l r o r al i s - a p r i r u t
dilicil sI distingrlirrtrc calit{lile celor doua partide i;i carc, ?n acelaq;i
t i n r p , n u a u f o s t s u f i c i e n td e i n t e r e s a [ id e a l e g e r ic a s { a j r t n g dI a o
d e c i z , i ca r r { o s t m a i s u p u g ic u r e n l i l o r d e i n f l u c n l : l a i c a m p a n i e i p i ,

i n c r c d c r c i r r s i n c . l , s r c r . r nt i P a r P s i l r , l . g i c l r i l r c c l r n o : i c u t ,i n c r r r c

i r r c o n s e c i r r t i ir.n a i i n s t a b i l i .

o s c i l a n t i i s - a t rd i s t i ' s p r i n r r - r r g r a t l m r r i i r r r l t < l c , , i r r r p a r t i a l i t A t c " ' c a r c a r c z u l t a t ,p r o b a b i l ,d i n c z i r i i r i l c5 i c l i n r c z c r v e l c l r . r ri.n

I I .l / ,llu ani.run/ t,o/ttlni

l ivoltrf irr rrlcgritodlor rrrobili

'lir1i

a c c 5 t i rrtt ul u r l to r l c c i z . i lcl n r r l iiln t r c l u n i l c i r t n i cs i r r o i c n r l r r i c[ .) r r r ,

irr accstcfron'rcntc rli{'critc,si inflrrcntclcarrtirstrlifcritc. l)rirrrainlluc n [ i i i t s t l l ) r ict l c c t o r r t t t t l t trit r o b i li n i t r r s a n r b lxt ts r r r y c l ] i itr r l u r x ti t t n i c ,
o t l r t t i tc t t c r r l r i t l l l r r c rl irr r r r r l c i l.{ c g r c r c t r s i r u t i rl c c s t ocr v c n i n ) c r r t c( l i l l
r i l z . l r o i t ct lu r ( ) l ) c : l nr r r tl i ) s tc x t r c n r t l c l i r v r l r a l r i lrcl c r r r r r c r r r l i l o| )ri.r r t r c
c c i c a r c ; i - a r tt l c c i sv o t u l i r r l t r n ui r r r r r cr,l r u i i t r c i n r i a u l i i c u t - ol ) c l l t r u
dcrrt<rcragi,
in llrinrul rind <lirtoritii[aptulLricii o crizd curopcanli rrec c s i t r tn r c r r t i n c r c llra l ) u t c r c i r t n r c i g r r v c r n : i rci x l ) c r i n t c n t a t e .
A p o i i r r rr l r n r a tc o r l v c n g i i l ci,a r c l c c t o r i ic u r cs - i l ul r o t i r r i tr l c l l r r i t i v

Capitolul preccclcnt a difcrengiat ciltcl{oriilc

de oameni care gi-tltl schintbat intcngirr cle
v o t i n t i m p u l c a m p a n i c i .C e p t t t c t t t s p t l n e

i n i t r l i c ; i r t t t g t r sitg i c l a t o r c l t z .vt(r) t u l i n s p c c i a l: r c c s t o rc v c n i r r r c r r t c .
A l c g l i t o r i i c l r c s - i l u l r o t r i r i t t l t r p r i( ) o r r v c r r l i i rl { c p r t b l i c u t r i ra u l i r s t
ittru.siitt nrasritlc \\rillkic, irt vrcrnc ce oan)cniidcci;i dupii ( jonvcntia

insi despre naturo deciziei pe care itu lu?rt-o

in final? De ce au sfar;it prin a sc declara
republicani satt tlcnt<tcratitAici ajttngcnr la
u n u l d i n t r e p r i n c i p a l c l cr e z t l l t a t ca l e s t r t t l i t r -

I ) c r r r o c r a t l si - a r ri r l p i i r ; i t n r r i c c h i l i l l r a ti n t r c c c l c d o u i r p a r t i t l c ,t l c ; ; i
i - a t t p r c [ c r a t t o t ] ) c r c p t r l l l i c a n i .A g a d a r ,p c r i o l r t l ac o n g r c s c l o ri - a
r r j t t t apt c r c p t r l r l i c : t nl )i ,c r l c o l l r r r t cr,c p r r l l l i c r r ri r it irt i r t u to c o n v c n l i c
sl)cctaculoirsri,irr curc \\/illkic. slall srrstinutpinil irtrrnci.s-il rcnt'.lrcilt

Iui nostrtt.Ceci, in timp ce oamenii czitil, nrcditeazrl9i i9i imagineazilcrl vor hotiri in ntttd
ra[ional drttmul mai lrttn pc carc il vor ttrnta'
dc ht inccltttt
1larc,ittlcsca, lxrsillil srl prczicctl.t
ce vor hot{ri ei sA facd in cclc din rrrmrt'Clttnosciind cAteva dintrc tr{siiturilc lor spect-

p r i r r t r - t r nc l i s c r r r sl j n a l c l o c v e n t , i n t i m p c c d c m o c r a t i i a u t i n u t u n
c ( ) t r K r c sc o n s i t l c r a t< l c t o l r t i i l t u r r c ao a d t r n a r c l ) r o s t ( ) r g a l t i z l r t ;l ii
1 > l i r : t i c o a sc lai r c : i - 1dr i . s t i r r sl a ; i l t l c c v c r r i r r r c n t c l ci r n r c r i c r n cl ) r c c c t l c t t t c s i 0 t t t 0 l o g cr l O i r rl l r i r t r l c c c rtl : i la t l c s c r r r r r i t rt r tc a n t l i d i r tl ) c l l t r t l
trn al trcilcanltntlat. ilr c,lnsccirrl:a
1 l, c g i i t o r iliu f i l s t s c d r t 5 <
i l cc < , r n g r c s t t l r c l r t r l r l i c a n i k rsr i r l c c r t n r l i t l l t u ll < r ri.r r < l c t r i n ' i c n t u(ll c n r o c n l -

ficc, putcnl s[)tlnc ctt destulil ccrtittl(linc cunr

vor vota in final: se vor ahtura grupului cdruirr
ii apargin.Camllania nu titcc altceva dccit sri

t i l o r . l n l i r r i r l .t l i r r t r c t ( ) t i o r u t r c n i ic i r r ca u t r c c u t l a u : r a l t l l a r t i d s i r r r
tlolrrart prirrisiu
t l . ru n u n r i t l ) a r t i d ,n i c i n r i i c r r u n u l n u a i n v < r c l tf i c
p l r t t t i r r r r r al ) r r r t i ( l u l u ii r r c ' . r t r z . i{il,c c ' . r r r t l i r l a t ul )l c n t n l p o s t u l r l c

le activeze predispoziliile politicc'

Sri explorirn mai intii deciz'iilc lttittc tlc

v i c c p r c s c t l i r ) r c i r r n o t i v u l s c l r i r r r l r i i rA
i i l. t r c i l c i rr r r r i n c l i$r ti c a n d i d a l i i i r r g i y li . r [ ) r c 5 c d i n t " a
i cu l i r s t . . t c r n c l c "c i r r ct u c o n s t i t u i tn t o t i vclc scltinrlririi.
i r r t i r r r l l r r lt r l t i n t c l o rs i i p t i n r i n i c l c c a r n p u r r i cn u i r u l l v u t l ( ) c
c v c r r i r r r c n t cc o n r p i r n r l l i l cr ; a i n l l r r c n t i l< : t ri r r l i i n g c : r c l rl i r r r n t c i ; i c r r
c o r r v cn t i i l o r l ) t r t i d c l () r . i r r t i n rp rrl r r c c s t cpi .c r i o a t l ct i r z i i . c c l c r l o r r r l
tlcjir,irr l)1rlrc.cuantlulul \'otrlrilor.Si-rnc intorrrl)ilrti(lc i5i rtlor:ltscrii
c c n l a c l l n l l r t l l r o c c s c l c( ' i l r ci r u u f c c t i r t l i s t r i l l n l i rnr c c s l ( ) r a .

( ' A l ' l ' l ' ( l l , t ! 1 .v t t l

acci oamcni pc carc i-ant nunrit ,,cristaliz'at o r i " , a t l i c i l s t l l l i c c g i ic r 0 r c l,a l l r i l l l t t l i t r r c n ' i r t

din luna nrai,itrcil tttt sc Ittltrlriscrictt cttlc
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: l t c n t i c . i n r t < : c sst t l ( l i u , l ' o l r r r r r u lc r c s c i r r t l a l l l r o p l r g a n < l cci s t c c c l
c r t r c :i r ti l i : t z i i s r : l ri r D IX r r c l r .
2. Inlrtr:tt/ rtt'.rrtt/ rottr/rtr,, h o rt'rt'/t/it,ilrtlr nni il,lu?: Vc nrl'lsttrit
t c o i t l t t < ' t l t l rl'cr c s t c s t i n ) i t i r r t c r c s l rpl r i v i r r t lv i i r t r rp o l i t i c i l ,r l t c l ) l i l
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v c n i n r c n t c l o r .i n c c P s i i i n t r c i n
j r c p r c t l i s P o z - i t i i l lcL r i .I ) i n g a n r al a r g r ia p r o p a g i l n ( l c it l i s P . n i b i l c ,
cl irtcc:1lcsii sclccLcz.c.Va prc[cra trrrclc llrogrirnrcaltorrr;\ril n)crgc
l r t t l t t c l ci r r t r r r r r i nr ir l t it l c g r r t l l iril c c i t l r rr r l t c l cv; i ri r r t c l c g cr r r rr r r u r n r i t
I t t c r r t l i t r t r - t t tttl i s c t t r isn t l c t l i r r r c r r t ti r l t r r i at ,l i r r t r - u rrrr l tt l i s c t r r s .
A s t { t l , i r t c t r t i r ll r r i s c l c c t i v { c o n s o l i t l c r r z iprr c d i s p o z i g i i l cc L r c a r e
i n t r i i i n c a r r r p i r n i ci.n a c c s t s t a t l i r r ,i n i t i r r t i v ai i l r p a r t i n ca p r o a p ci n
i t r t r c g i r t i cr r l c g r i t o r r r l r(r:ii r r cl ) r o s l ) c c t c r l ztlci r c l ) u i .; i n r r a c c l r l rc l r r c
l r t c P r r P u ; , , r t r r rIlrrrl r. l icf r c r r t r l c r r r r j l . r r c c lPc r r l l l i c i t r r rPc u s c i r r j . r : ,
a t c n l i r rs c l c c t i v rai i r r t l i v i t l r r l rcr is t c c c a c a r c - it l c t c r r n i n i a
t lcgcrilc2.
4.l'oluih, .reoisla/irertz.ri:in firral, au icsir lrr lLrnrinii dcstule
d i r c c t i i t l c g i r r r d i r cs i r us c r ) r i n r c n t cl i r t c n t c ; i s r r f i r : i c n ticl r g l u n c r ' r t c
r l t l i o r r : r l ci r r rl i r s rl ) r c l l r i l l cr l i r rc : r r r r p r r n il c) c n t r ul l s c l . l u n g c l i ro d c c i -

i n s c p s i l t i l i ,d r r r ,p e a n s a r n b l u i, n d i s t r i c t , a n t p l i f i c a r cc a n t p a n i c ir t
i n t e r c s u l u i .i n t r c l r r n i l em a i ; i o c t o m l r r i c .
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la 7o/o,iar Propor;ia cclor ce au nlanifestat un interes puternic a
crescut <le lt ZllVoh 38Vo(Figttra 26).
A c c a s t l c r c f t c r c g c l c r a l i l a i n t c r c s t l l t t ia r l ) l l t c x l i a t r i l r t t i t i tl k x t r
a p r o p i c r i i z i l c i r r l c g e r i l o fi,n s d a v c m l ' t o s i b i l i t i r t edae a s t t r t l i at t r u i
indeaprotrperelalia dintre explnefea la propagandi 9i nivcltrl interesului. IVIetodava fi explicatdaici mai am'inun[it, ctici va fi firlositii
c l c m a i m u l t e o r i i n a c e s ts t u d i u . N u m a i p c b a z ai n t e r v i u r i l o rr c p c strtnaliz.rltniltent rclalirl <.linrrc
rarc, c1 accia;i indiviz.i,cstc 1-rosibil
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c a r es u r v i r l i n t i r r l l ; .
Sd incepenr crr oantenii care au exllrinrat un gra(l ntctlilt dc
inrercs falli cle cantpaniein luna august.$tirn clit'; propagandripolit i c . . la u c i t i t s l t t ta t t a s c t l l t a ti n t r c l t r n i l e a l l g l l s t i ; i o c t o r n l l r i c c l t l l ' r l l
i r r r l i t : l t t o r t tilt t t c r c s t t l t t ig c n c r l t l t l c s c r i si n C r r l r i t o h l lV . A t : t t t t t ,s i 1
irnpdrlin'r ace$ti cetdleni nre{itr intcres:r;iitr fltltt'.1gnlllttri tccia
care s-ag aratatntai reccptivi tlccit mcdia pi cei care s-aucxptls nlai
ptt[in. S-ar ltutca incerca 9i o clasificarcmai ntlal][atil, (lar aceasta
l.-igtrra ?6'. Irterrsul Pcnhil ahgci av,rle iiluotiohil, 7v nti.ttrrii
ceuubatia fi)ailsenzd
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i ; ; i P i c r d t r s c r itll i r r i r r t c r c s .l ) c t l c i r l t d p i r r t c ,g i t : : r r r t i t i r t ccl rl c P r o l l r r g r r n r l r l a c r r r cl r r r f i r s t c x l l r r g ia t l c t c r r n i r r a to r l i l ' c r c r r I i c r cs c r r r r r i l l c a t i v i l r i r r t c r c s r r l u il ) c n r r u a l c g c r i ( l ; i g r r r a 2 7 ) . l ) i n t r c < : c ic u o
c x [ ) Lnf c r c n l i r t n l a r c d e c A t n r e d i a , 2 l o / o ' a t tc l c p r i p i tn i v e l u l m e d i u
ciitrc un grad rllrc dc intcrcs. ilr vrcnte ce dintre cci cu o exprrI r c r c m a i n r i c i lr l c c i i t n r c c l i an u m a i t l T oa u e v o l u a t < J cl a r r n i n t c r c s
n r c d i u l a u n r r l n r a r c .N r r n r r n r a it r c c e r c at i n r l l L r l u ir rj u s t i f i c a tc r e g t c r c a i n t c r c s r r l r r ic, r t c it i n r p u l r { i r s ti r c c l a i ;lil c n t r u u r r r b c l cg r u p u r i .
. 5 i n i c i n u p u t c n r c x p l i c a d i f e r c n r c l ed i n o c t o m b r i e p r i n c l i f e r e n t c l c d i n t r c n i v c l r r r i l ci n i t i a l c d c i n t e r e s ,c i i c i .a r u n c i c i i n d a c l e b u r a t
c o r r r p a r r r ; ina( ) r r s t r itl o, g i s r r b i e c g isi c s i t r r a ul r r a c c l a g in i v c l ( t i n i i n d
liigtrra 27: Ateo.rturlirtgtuttrri se r.eferridoar.la oaneaii cu utt itfere.r
uediu in luna au,qust.Cd ran din august pittri in octonltrie rik.rc Si a-rcultri infornnlii rle.sfrt canrlnnie, nai nu/t
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i l l t e l c s s t t b s t i t n t i a ln r a i r i d i c a t i n l t t n a o c t o t n l ) r i e .( O c o r t t p a r a g i c
s i r r r i l r r r Ii i) c u r ) i n t c r v a l d e t i n r l l l t t a i n r a r ep i a n t c r i o r a c c s t t l i a ,n l i l i
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S i i r r r n l l r i r u , t l i n r r o r r ,n r c t o d an o a s t r i cl i i t t t t a ii t r d e u l l r o a l t c .
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clectorali - discrrrsrr
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propagandd- are trci tipuri de efecte asupra
electoratului:ii activeazilpc cei indif'erentri,ii

1 i i l t r r r i r t t c ittl r t o ri d c r r l i S tpi o l i t i c i .i r r v i i r l r r c l l i l c i s r r r r t{ i l r r t c t ) p t i r ) i .

intdrcptc in hotllrirctr lor 1lc cci l)nrtizani $i ii

convcncgte 1rc cci cchilibragi.in contirtuarc,
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() oorn;rrrrufic intrc pcriorrdrr

noiernbrie 193(r-rnli 1940
gi perio'ada rnai-octombrie

1940

Nu putenr dotrAndi o lrcrspectivit corcctii

asupra unei campanii prezidengirrlc f{rrl a
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tcrn rilspunclc la cl intrcbarc frrrrrlanrentrlil:

se l)oate sl)une cii, in vara gi toarnna ttntti an

lilbottrl globrl clcctoral,caurpania propriu-z,isiIc<lnti nuil pu r

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t ' r c r r r r r r,i, l r r i n c i l r i r irs t r l r i c " ) ,g i l i r n c g i o l r c a ' rs. ii ln . r u l t t zat l c g i i t o r i l o r ,
A r i l I i ci l l l l ) i t ( : t r t l tct it r r r l r i c l r t ipt tl t t c r r r i cc x c r c i t i r td c r r n t r c c r r tf u r r r i l i a r
; i d c s i r r r l r , l L r r i l cr r . I ) s i l r ' l . g i i r r r l ) u r c ar , . r l r i n n r l t d c s P r cr . l r r l
s t t b i c c t i vr r l u c c s t r r a
i l r c l ( r i l d : l c i n i l cl r r i i r r c r l l i l i i r i c c t c . ) , i a r s o c i o l o g i i d c s l l r c r r - r l r rl lr r i s o c i l l ( i r r f ' l u c r r l ilrr r i ( : o l ) s c r v i l t o l r cc t c . ) . l , l
o r r c c r r i v c l ,c l l r t : o r r s t i t u ivt l r l r x r r c sr ro c i l r l itll o r r r i l r : r r r ti ltlr l i r r r c t r i tcl c
c i t r c c a r r t l i t l l l i i : t r ri n c c r c r r ts i l - g iv a n r l i ip l a t l i r r u r c l c
lloliticc.

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i r c r l r r r p l c r u r c ral i s c r r l i c id c s P r c . b i c c r t i v c l cq i r c z u l t a t c l c
l)rogral r r c k r r p o l i t i c c , c r r r r t l i t l i r t i1i i l l r r r r i l t o r i il r l r d c c t r v i r r t t r c b u i c s r i
s l l t t n r ic c v r rs i t l c s p r c n r c t o ( l c l cp r i n c u r c a c c s t c
1 l r ; l i t i csi l r r cr c l c i r l c

Ot /i .r-a .s/tusalt'gtitotihtr

/ lrt5

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n r r r l t c . N r r r r r r r il 4 ' / , ; d i n c o t r t i l ) t l t u lt o t a l a l t r r a t c r i a l c l < rl rt c t t p r i t r s
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irr rliscrrlii despre ntrrt vot fi rcalizateacestc lrrogritmc.in
ilrgrr.icz.c
l r r V 0 r r r ccr xr r r l i c i l t . i i I rnr ] l l l t n ) a i c 0 n v c r r i r l l i l c( 5 i r r r a ic l i f i c i l t l c c t l n t r r r z i s )r l s t t l ) r rpt r o g n t t t t c l r lirt r s c g i ,l l r i t r t ci t t r l t c t i v c t, l c s i g t t r .

'['crnrcrrii

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t i p r r r i l c t l c p t o p i t l l i t t t d ds c l l r t z c l t z .1i il c l t l l c l t r l l r t l t l t t l r l lc l l l o fiona[i. l)cllrlt cl rlcsajul sd fic transrnisnraselor. l)e rcgulil. sc

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lcgat de
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l{ooscvclt l)ro satl contra a avut o mai tnare itttensitatc etltlfiop r r l i i< l c c i t s p l l i c c t c l c p a r a l e l el e g a t cd e W i l l k i c . I i v i d c l t c i l p r c ; c t l i r r t c l c c 1 r r l c : j rltt a i , , i r r l l i t " s a t l n t i l i , , I l r i t " d c c i t a d v c r s l r t t ls l l t t .

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v o i r r [ a c l c c t r l r a t t t l t t iC
. c i l n g r e t r r t l ii n r t r r r g i pttlit i<'rrgc ttcritll
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c u t o f i i , i n c a n r p a n i c ,p t t l t i n d t t - ; i a t l t o r i t a t c a
in slujba candidlttrlrrillrcfcrat, Propitglttttlrr
s c c l c z l d n g u i cp r e t t t t i r r t l c n i i,t r i n c c r c t r c a < l c
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l ) c s c r t r t c, c
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rrrrrlti
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Rur/ioul si pagira tipdrikJ / 169

Concerrtrnrerr exptrnerii
I ) a r u c c s t ci n t c r l l r c t r i r i1 r rl ) u t e at r c c c c u v e d c r c a u n l u c r t t c s c n p i a l .
I ) c ; i l r r n r r i t t t c ( l i n t r c s u b i c c g in u a u u r m d r i t n i c i a s u r s t ra i l u m e ,
lx)atc cri topi sau aproape topi au fbst expugi uttor surse.Cu alte
crrvirrtc, lroatc cil rxtnrcnii s-au sQtccializal
intr-un anunrit till tle
c x l ) n n c r c : t t r r i ii r r rr ; i t i t ,r l a r n t r a u i r s c r t l t artr i n r i c ,i a r a l g i ia t t a s c t t l t a t ,
<lrrrlrlrrl stl citcrscil. $i, rrstl'cl,c posibil ca ficcarc irrdivid sil li fost
c x l ) l I s c a n r p a r r i ciin t r - u n a n u n r i t f c l ,
l)c firllt, atlcvilnrleste cxact pc dos.Cu o remarcabildconstang:i,
r n a t c r i a l c l cp o l i t i c e c l i s t r i b u i t ei n c l i f c r i t cn r c d i i d e c o m u n i c a r ea u
rrjtrrrsla trv/rt,tignrll dc alcgiltori potcn;iali.zCci carc au urnr{rit
tirartc rrrultripropagirndl electoraldintr-unul din mediile de comunicarc arr unniirit in acelagitimp gi celelalte medii, iar cei care arl
rtrnririt in nricii nriisrtrilunul dintre cle le-au urmdrit in mici mdsurd
g i p c c c l c l i r l t c .M a j o r i t a t c ao a m c n i l o r c a r e a u u r m d r i t d i s c u r s u r i
p 0 l i t i c c P c s t c r r r c r l i cs - u r ts i t t t r r tl l c s t c r r r c r l i ca i i r r c c c i t c c p r i v c p t c
cxl)uncrea la rnatcriirlulpolitic din ziarc ([;igLrra3.]). Aceca9irclagic
se men[inc q;ipentru ziare pi reviste, ca gi pentru radio pi reviste.
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l c - r r r rt r r r r r i r i tp u g i n p i 1 l cc e l c l a l t e .
l , ) x p t r n c r c al a c l i t ' c r i t c l cm e d i i d e c o r n u n i c a r cp o l i t i c l c s t c , p r i n
l r i l l l i l r c , o ( ) r ) c c n t r i l tiiui a c c l a g g
i r u 1 l .c c l ) u t c n r s l ) u n c i n s t l c l e s p r e
cxl)uncrcir lir lrccstc rrrcdii in rnon)cntc dit'critc alc canrpanicil
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c r r r s u lr r l t i r r r c l o rl u r r i s c c x p u n a l t i i ; a s t f ' c [e, p o s i b i l c a t o a t i l l u m e a
sd rrrrrrilrcascliaproxinrativ acceapiclll)titatc de propagancli elect o r a l i l d c - a l L r n g u lc a m p a n i e ii n a n s a m b l u le i . D i n n o u , t r e b u i e s d
spur)cnl cd nrr se intiirnpla aga.Din nou, un anumic grup de oameni
a r r r r n i i r i ri n t c n s m a t c r i a l e l ec l e c t o r a l ed e - a l u n g u l i n t r e g i i c a m palrii, in tirnll cc rrrr alt grup le-a urnttlrit in rnicrl rrrilsurilin toat{
accrtstiipcri<xdil ( Iiigrrra 34).3
a,

Irr corrcluzic,cx[)ul]crcilla comrrniqlrilepoliticc dc-a lungul canrpanici prczirlcngiirlcnu se distribuic in toat:lpopulagiape ansamblu,

Radinul5iPagtnariTvittti I I7 I

l7t) / tllnunisnu/ txttttlui

l;igtrr.t .\.\: ()orttrrtii tiltr utr)t/in'.tt iu/tu.r rrn r'ana/ nr/irtlic

liru/.rri

tt/'tttrit;t'tt.ttri in ar,rea,ri ttri.sttt:ri ,ti tv.rlu/ tnnss ner/irt. ,\'ttttt

trhliu

ltrtlirti rt'i rrtr? ttttttritr.sr'inlt ls uilill diillt? dr ,ti

putirt
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Reviste gi radio

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Urmdroscradioul

UrmAroscradioul

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ill arclo,tignlp de oamcni' l lrnririrea llt)tli llledill

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ce ntai abtttrtrrcntaril accstcia. I)r0paganrlaelcctoritlii clitt cc in
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Mult Putin

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ltriti ntttltc
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tlc cci
n r a t c r i i i l ci t t t i r t t p u l c r t l r l l l t - t i c i lC c i - a d c o s c b i t l ) c i l c c f t i i l
cilrc atl acordrtt1)tlIilli iltcnIie politicii?

t - _ tl J r m / t r o s cr | l U l lt J n c n n ' | l
modaa Si pulin po colAlalt

a=.,

(lrnriirosc fio rnrrlt

lia pulin ambelo surse modia

Iiigtrra 34: ()anrcuii rrrrc unttrite.sritrlnrs ltrulurgrtnio elcclor,rt/ti

iafr-un annnit nonnt a/ canltatiei titd sd o facri
,ri inlrurt rtft nont'tl

tt//t:rior

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din iuniepdn6 in august
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din septembrie
pand'in oclombrie
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i n a r r t b e l np c r i o a d o d a t i m p

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s i t u a g i in, / u r t r/ o r u /r . i l r r c l o rs.c l ) ( x l t cs l ) u n co i r r cc i l r a < l i ' r r l 5 i - a r l j r r d c c a t o l x r r r cr l i r rs f c r l r l c i n t l u c n ; da z . i a r c k rirn p . l i t i c a a r n c r i c a n i i ?

c r i : r r na j r r n sr r s t f ' clla o b u n r l u n i t a t e d e m ' J s u r Aa i n f l u e n t e i .

liokrsirrdrrccstproccdcu gi accastiltrnitatecle mlsttri\, carc t fost
i n t l t r c r r t rcr o r r r p r r r i t t i varrla d i o u l u ig i a z i i r r c l o irn c a l n p a n i ad i n 1 9 4 0 ?
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I|',u/ioulsi pttliiuatilnrint I 175

171 / .lltaai.rnu/ tvttuhi

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d c i n f l u c n g i i c l c n r a r c i n r ; r o r r a n ; c( l ; g r r r a3 5 ) . J r r n v i t a t e< l i n t r ec e r
c r t r c l t l l l l l c t l l i ( ) l l r l tr : r d i r l t r l - a t tc o n s i r l c r r lst l t r s r tl o r c c i r l n i t i i n r l l o r t i t r r t dt l c i r r f i r r r r l r r ci r, r v g c 1 1 1t .cc n r r n t r io t r c i r t r cr l i r r r r c< : c ci l r r cl r r
n r c n l i ( ) r l a it r r i l i a lz . i i r r c l cl c - a r rc o r r s i t l c r i r ltr c P tc c l c r n a i i r n l l o r t a n t c .
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i t r l l t t c r t t c l cl:a c e l c l r u i s p c c i f i c e , d c s c g l l c r i r l c r i r g l r r lr a r l i r t r r I t r i c s t c
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l l o u t c l i r r p l i c a tg i a l t r r i s c t t l c r l l t c .

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Rarlioul,cipagrnatiptititrt / 177
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i r r c r lo r l r r t i i< : r \o i t t n c n i i a t t t c n d i n g ad c a c i i t t t a v c d c r i l c p o l i t i c c

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d i r c c t i i a c o r r t i r c t c l o rl ) c r s ( ) r ) i t l cl ). c a c c s t c l rt r c l t t r i c s i i l c r r r r a l i z . i l r r r
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t a m e l l t u l u i p t l l i t i c a f r r s t s t t b l i r t i r t t ltil c p r t : -

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l a u r n c r r u l r r c n l i o n i r ti r r f l u c n p c l cl l c r s o n a l c .D r r p i i a l c g c r i ,s r r b i c c g i l o r l i s - l r c l r r ts i l c o r n p l c t c z . co l i s t i c l r , ! s u r s c c l c u n c l c a u a d u n a t
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a r r s t t b l i n i a t i r r ) p o r t a n f au n L r i d i s c u r sr a c l i o f o n i c i.n n r . , . l r e l ) c t r t ,
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(,tlt'i.tt irrrrI t t ru /r/, intitulat Rcligi.r lui Wenclell Wi llkic". "
"
Carrr atit clesprc ,,aria de acopcrire a contactclor persclnalc".
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s t l r i r r r l r r t r1ci t ' o l r s t i t r r ioc l ) l r r ) t cl l r i r rc u r c r r r c t l i i l ct l c c o n r r r l r i t ' i r r c
i ; i c x t i r r < li n l l t r c n ; a . l ) l r , i n l l l r r s ,r c l r r g i i l cp c r s o n i r l ca r r a r r r r n r i t c
i r v i r n t i r j cp s i l r o l o g i c cd; c i r c c c a ,c l c s u l r r f < r i r r t c f l c i c r t r c i r r c x c r c i t i r r c i la c c l o r , . l l r c s i r r n n
i r o l c c r r l a r c "c e c < l n d u ci n f i n a l I a o r n o g c r r i t a t c a p o l i t i c : l a g r t r p u r i l c lsr o c i a l c .V o n r d i s c u t ai n c o n t i r r u a r cc i n c i
a s t f ' cI c l c c a r r r c t c r i s t i c i .

Non-intcrr !ionalitatea contactelor personale

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n r c l l t r o n a tc o n s i c l c r a l l inl r a i r n u l t p c p o l i t i c i c r r i il < l c a l ri c l l r r b l i r : i r p i
r l c c i t P e c c i t l c r r r o t ' r r 1oi .i p i v a c l a n r c n ci a r en u v o i l r r rs r jv o t c z c .r l r r r

)0,9 / llr, arti.tttttt/ wtlrrlui

s - a u ( l u s ? n l l n i r l l a u r n c i - a u n r c n l i o n a tr l r c p t c c i t n : l i i n f l t r c n g iP c
a g c n l i i c l c c t o r r r l ir c l r t r l r l i c a n i n, c l ) u t . i l l ( l u - s cv r l r l r i r l c u n s u c c c s
s i r r rlia r ; i i t r c r r z . rdr lc r n o c r : r l i l o r .
'lirtuq;i,
c o r r t a c t c l cl t c r s o n a l cc l i s c r r t a ti e
n a c c s tc a l l i t o ln r r t r c b r r i e
c o n f un d a t c c u c l i r r t r r r i l cc c l ri l l c l o r c l c c t o r a l ep r o f c s i o n i s t cA
. ccstc
contactc pcrsonirlc irlt:ritrricsc
ccclr cc s-irr rrtrnri cr/tipedc atttaloti,
( : : t r cs c l l i l s c f i l ) o t ) t 1 ui r r t i r r r P r r <
l : i u t r p : r r r i i l-o ri r r t l i r . ' i zc, ri r r ct l c v i r r
r l c s t r r lt l c c r r t r r z . i i r pst:ir ug r r r l l r r r si o < ; i i r lccu r c i r r c c r r r c rsir l - ii r c t i v c z . c
l l o r i tt l c c i . A p r o a l l cc l l s - i r rl ) U t c as l ) u l t cc d c c a
1 l co r r p r c r ri in s c n s r r <
n r i r ic f i c i c n t i ' rI r l r n r i id c l l r o p i r g t n d r-i ' i n s p c c i a li n c c c i rc c p r i v c 5 t c
P r t l P l r g u r r t tl il rc t r l t i n r n l ( ) n l c n t- c s t c s l l - i , , l r s c t l i c z . ip" c o a n r c n i i l r
c r i r ' r r l c c i z i c r l c v o t c s t c i r r c d5 o r . ' i l i c l n i c r ri ,g lirn c i t s i r r g r r r r rcl l r t r n r

Cnpitolul I
'l'orrte
l,
cclc patrrrgrrrprrriarrfost initial cleaprt>
xinrativ600 cleoanreni.Dar in orice studiu l>azatpe
aplicareaunor chestionare
repctatd
5i pe inten,ievxrerr
se pune problcnra,,nrortalittr;ii".
Accastainseanrnl

l i b c r s d l i c c c l s p r c c a l - r i ndac v o t . N r r ; t i n r c u n l s c d i s t r i b u i cl r u g c t u l
p a r t i ( l c l o r i n r r c d i f c r i t c l c c a n a l c d c l t r o l l a g a n c l i id, a r l t r i n u i n t c : i
l ) a r t c ac c : rn r a i n ) a r cs c c l r c l t u i c p c b r o g r r r ip, r r l ; l i c i t a t cl a r l r l i o c t c .
insii rc:z,rrltrrtclc
rroastrcsuricrcaz.ll,
[)cntnt ccrcctlirilcviitOarc,sirrcina

ci vor existaintotderrrrna
momente cind vir fi impositril sil-i contacttrnrpc trnii clintre srrbicc;iino5tri lr
intcrvirrriconsecutivc.in cazul de fatI, nrortllitirlcu
strrdiultris-a datoratcitorva oameni care nrr arr mai
vnlt sil fie intervicvagidin nou, unora care arr fost te mporarnedisponibilidin cauzaunei boli sau a vrerrrrei
c',llrttorii
si, in sflirsit,rltorl cirrc s-nr mutxt definiriv
din locrlitlte sarrclrirrrrrurnrrrit.S-urrlilctrtto:ltccfort r t r i l cr l c a r n c n t i n cn r o r t r l i t r t c al l i n t l i c i r r r i n i n r ii.r r
rnnjorit'.rtea
c'.rz-trrilor
carc au l)rez.clrtiltdificrrltLtti,
sttPrrtvcghctorrrl
dc lcrcn trinccrcrrtPcrs0nalsrlrccililigc crxrpcrarcrsubiectulrriin carrz.I.In nrrrltccuzrrri,
strbiccgiicarc nu prrtcauli contacta;il:r rrnrrldintre
intervittri eratt preluali ulterior la rrrrnltorul val de
intrcbilri.in gruptrle$anti()n,
cnzurilede rlisprirrr;ila
c c l c p a p t ci n t e r v i t r rai u l o s t m e n l i n r r t ei n l i m i t a d c

t l c : r g i s i r i r l ) ( ) r t l cl lc l r r r a ip o t r i v i t c l i n t r cl l l r n i i c l r c l r r r i l i n r r r i r s s
r n c c l i ag i c c i c l r c l t L r i lP
i c r r t r uo r g u r r i z . a r curnro r c ( ) l ) t a c t cl i r l i li n f i r t d ,
l ) c l r t r u , , P r c s i u n i l cn l o l c c u l a r c "l o c a l cc a r c v i t a l i z c a z dm c d i i l c f o r nralc, 1>rininterPrctarcanrai pers'-rnaligi prin intreaga incdrciituril
l ) c c x r c r c l a l i i l c p c r s o n a l co l ) u n i n l l r o n r o v a r e ac a t r z c k r ra c t l r o r
s ( ) r t r t isl c l t o t r l r i i l t ci n c r r r s r rcl a r u l r a n i c i .
i n r r l t i r n r r r r r r l i z .iirln r a l l a t < : i rr,r t . r in r r r l t c l c c i t t i c . r i c c l r l t c c ' t r ,
o a t r r c n i si r r n tr n o I i v a 1til c r r l l io i r r r r c n i[.) a c ' . lrlir i v i r - n< l i n t r - o
l)crsl)cct i v i l c t i c r i l l r . l r l c r r r c l cs . c i u l c s c r i ' l s c l ) c ( : i l r cl c r i t l i c r lp r o l l i r g r r n t l l r ,
i l c c s t r cl s t c l t n i t s l ) c c t l l i t i l t o rt l c s P c r a n l d . ' l ' i r l x l f t t , ! a racr c s U S l i r ) r i t o r i i c c i n l i r i c n t r . r ; 1 . i a;lit ic i r r c l ) o a t c n r o b i l i z an r a s , : l ci n t r - u n r ) r o d
p r o f c s i o n i s ta r c $ ' J n s en r a i r n a r id c s u c c e s .

,\Nl':x^A
Note

147o,ceeztce s-a rlovcrlit a fi rcrnlrc'lbil dc pu1in,

rvind irr vctlerecxpcrienlrrinvcstigirtorikrr
rrltcriori.
AnlIiz.atrilsiltIIriIorcrrracteristicc
crrz.trri
lor rle rlispilrtrli r dentonstrat.
cl numtrrulcelorpiertlugil)c l)ilrcurs
a fost atlt de mic, incit inllrrcnF klr in misc.Jrile
tlc ansarnl>lua frrsr,practic,dc neobservar.(()ludct, Flaz.cl;

JIQ / ,llaani.runl tvtultti

'!/teJuunn/tfApp/iul
\\'ifs.n, 1,,.(1.,,.\\'lrrr
llsc:rpcstht: l)crs..ll lnvcstigrrt.r?,,,
l'.r.ylr,t/ogs,,
XX tV, 6 tlce. l(),1().77 J'-777)
Z . l , ) o v l r t l :l r; r l t t r r l t rci; l i t t t c n ' i r r r i l cr c l ) c t l l t en u i l u x l ' c c t i l rt .c z r r l t a t c l sc t r r r l i r r l r r vi r rl i f l t c r r t li lr r t r - ol r r c r a r cs c l ) l t r i l t i l .
3 . . S p c r : r n 1litr( ) : l s t r ci ls t c c l r r s t l c .rll c s t r r d i iv o r l i
P o s i l r i l cl ) c n t n t t o l l ( c
llcgcrilc vritrurre.Oorrtlxrraiiilcpc o llcrioirtllnrxi nrarcar spori rlrlt r,:rlrxrrcrr
< t r i c : I r tttcr l t t l t i l l c i r r t l i v i r l r r : r lIc) .c a c c c l rc, r c t l c r lcr l l c s t c c l r z r rsl l l r c l l l r r 1 1tiirc1i
citcr':r corrsirlcr:r1ii
rcfcritoarc lir tiprrl rlc irnbrrnrirrlliric:rre, privirrclrctrqs [ ) c c t . l tr'r, rl i t l c :< l o r i it r t I l s t l c ld c s t t t t l i p
i i r r r c ll.) c 5 i r r o iu 1 1r c r r l i z rsr tl p t c i l t c r v i r r r i c r r g r t r p r r ln o s t r r rp, c v i i t o r v l f i s r r f i c i e nst : l f t r c t : mn u n r : r ir ) l r t f u- u n u l
i n : r i n t ct l c c o r r v c n t i i l cP a r r i < l c l orrr,n r rcl l r i r rdr r r p i lc l c , r r n r r il n a j r r n r rrll c g c r i l o r
s i r l l t i t n r t lc, l r i l r t l r r p rzi i r r rtrl c g c r i l o r .l , l c o n o n r i i l c: i c r r t ci n l c l r r l: r c c s t 1
a l rp l t o : r
f l l i r l o s i t cl ) c n t r u: l r i r l i < :rrr r r r n : r r u
( cl l ( ) ri n ( c n , i c v : r ltui c c l t ) l t t i n( ) 1 1 r c A
. rrrlli
cxi:i(ittfi ttttclc rczrtl(a(cstlltisticcnr:rrtlctuliirtc,l)c cltrc rilt lc-anl l)iltUt li)losi
itt lrrcz.ctltulstllditl l)cltlnt cJ tliagr:rnrclcncccsilrcnc-lrtrrctlrrsll rrn tttrnrllr
Prca tnic de cazttri.(Jit privcptc intcrvirrrilccu alcgiitoriirno[ili, ar fl rlc d6rrt
ca o tchnicil nlai sofisricxrd
a stucliuluidc cirzsltaflc rnai mulre desl)rcoriginca
accstora,crr 5i rlcsprc situatiilcsJrccificcin crrc arr srrrvcnit
5i pcrsonalitatr:a
s c h i r r r l r i l r i l c( j.i r i t o r t r lv a t l c s c o p c r ci i t c v u i r n l r r r r r l r J l i rsip c c i l i c ci r r r l i c r t ci n
i l n t l l t t l ( cl ) t l n c t ca l c t c x t t t l t r i(. l c i r t r r a i t r r l x r r i u n tdi il n t r c c l c 1 r l i 1 1 ns r r r r l i rrrr r i r i
t l c t a l i i r t l c s l t r cr o l t r lc o t t t i t c t c l o[ r) c r s o n i r l cI ).c l s e r n c n c r ,p c v i i t . l r i r rt r c b u i s r l
a c l t t t r J t nt tt a i t t t r t l tn r l t c r i i r d
l c s c r i p t i vt l c s p r cc i r r n p i r r rlirar c u liJn : r n s i r n r l r 5l uii 1
sPccial dcsPre 1111x1111
irt clrc or;i:rrriz.utiilc
politicc lr'*rlc chclrrricst.bani'
con)l)ortrrrrrcrrtrrltri
l)rccttnr5i,ollscrvltii gcttcrllc irsttl)rir
p:lrticil)llnlil()r
t, inrr,,n r r i l c l o , c : r l ci n. s l i r i ; i t ,: r r1 lr r t i l c ; i r n u in r r r l t ci r r f i r r r n : r r1ki i: s p r cc c i c : r r ca r rl i r s t
r r c r i v i n t i n r l l u lc i r r r r P l n i c (i .l t r t l t c c r r v i n t ci,n c c c i rc c - i
P r i v c s t ep c l l c g t t o n r
nostri,rclrnica:lcc'Jsr.rl
a lirstincrrnrrnxtrdc slrccosgi nrcrrtJsr fie..rPlicrrr:l
pi Pe
o baz-Jnrli lurAl; totrr$i,rcgrc(llnlctI,rlin clrrzalipsci rlc fonduri,nu anr l)rrntto srrPlirrrcntrcu rniri nrrrlrc irrfirrrrrrrlii
dcsprc rcgrrrrrcrr
slrccilic:lirr c:rrc s-rr
t l c s lJ 5 t r r . tct i u t y ) : r n r i l .

Capit()lulIII
l. l',stimlrilc anclrctatorikrr
ac()l)c'rr\
rlc firPtrlorrrp:rrrurrcl)tc:A, ll, C si l).
I t t : t t t r tct l l t r t i r ti r t t t l tc l cj t t n r i l t a t ct l i n e r z r r r i : t ri n
r t r : r itt r c i l t c f l ( ) r ;(:ll, i - i r r rsr r r l t c l u s i f i c : r tp c a c c l t i s u l ) i c c f ip r r r 5 i s i r n J r l up c l r r r z ri r r t r c b r l r i i
I r i v i r r r lp o s c s i rrrr r r r r i
t c l c l i r n ,c i t \ i l ) t { i t c n t : r s t { c l o d i s t r i l l r r r rrcu ; r ic r r r r v c r l r l l i l l ;trr r r r n c rri) ( ) r l s t r c
( ) l r r r c r r i ir l c t i p r r lo , p o s c s o rtil c t c l c l i r n ,i l u f ( ) s r
n u m i l i ( j + , i : r r o u m c n iri l c t i l r
(i f iiril tclcfirn vor aPrlrcaca O-.

Nor / lll

'lhr

vcz.i(icncvicvc Krrrlp{cr.
I accstorevahrtrri,
Z. l)cutrrro t!iscrrlicsistcmatictr
.\lalus,discrtalie sltslintlt:t lir I Jlrivcrsitrrte'.t
iluunn tttrttt 0[ ,forio-l,.atnDnic

(blrrrlbi;r.|()43.
in
3. Vczi l;rc<lcrickNtostellcr,,,'l'he llcliatrilitv0f llrtcrvicrvcrsllrtings",
l'rcss'
lfrrtllcv ()rrrrtrill(cd.), OaugrngPubln'Opinion' I'rinccton [Jtrrvcrsity
de Archilnl<l(ltosslcv'
<:t 5i cxpcritnentclere:rliz:ttc
194,1,
iludiclllci rcvis(clor
4. Yeti mai llcs strl'rlimcntuldesprc monit<lrizarca
cclitrrt<lc/.y'r.
.5.l.,xisrl nrrrlteposiltilirlli de a-i cllsifica 1rc0'.trncttidttpl lltctlir strttttO6rclalil medic itrtrc astlbldc indici estc irr jtrr <lc
tgltri l9r s()cl()-c(:olt()tnrc.
rclaliilorctt alte variirbilc
sunr inrcr$anjabiliin privirrl.'.r
0,(r.l)e <r[ricci,:rcc5tia
(jg rrltccrryiltc. rnirjqritrtcittcest()rintlici nc-:rrafJtdaccel$ir':lirlicitltrc sCittrttrrl s<xi<r-cctttttttnic
\;i l'ot,
(r. l;()krsirnl)cntnt it('exsrdannliz.:I
ciliele oblitttttc lrt intcrvtrrl tlitl tlr:tr.
sc mell[lne
rez,rrlUt
rlrt6ritrlnutnilrttlttirndimare de cirzuridislltlnibile.Acelrr5i
c,t
conrlrinatc,
pelttill c$xntionii pentru grrrptrrileclecontrol,lrrateseplratsau
5i pcntrtt ficcarcperioadrdin canrpaniaelectorrtl:l'
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7. licrrnicrii nu sUntinclrrSiin lceast{ cllsific:rrc,l)entrllc'.1
tlc
l:r
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c:l
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clin
srrnrlrrskv.
p0Pul.rlia
nrai mlrc tlccit
pc rcPrrlllicrrniintr<r Pr0P()r1ie

PROPORTIA
REPUBLICANILOR

C UI N T E N T I I
T O T A L UCL E I , O R
FERMEDE VOT(MAl)

Fermiei

Non-tetmieri

Fermiei

680/"

69%

62

Non-larmieri
276

55%

57%

89

472

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66%

42"/o

92

426

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rrricrii)lrrintrc cei 17Vorlin vnrf,in ternrcrriinivclrrltriSliS. Acc:rstrl
itrtPtcorll5el,
inclttzritrd
ttntri
ule
rr lirst fJcutil irr caclrrrlstlndardckrrcurcntc
j r r r i r n i l cs a l er r r r a l c .
!,xisril, {csigrrr,o cgrellre viz.i[ih intre niycltrl Sl')S5i tiprrl tlt: txttpitltc:
Ll nivelrrrilcA ti ll, tl\Vo <lin oamcni ru ocrrpafii',irrirltc".irrr la
r)rifctic:r(:\.
rrivclrrll ), ntrrrtaitl%' irl plrrs'cxistil$i dil'ercnlein crtlrtrl ct:l.r d.ttrl Srtrl)llrr'
l . , r n i v c l r r lS l , ) Sn r a ir i t l r c l ta l g r l l p l l l l l ic t t < r t t p : t t i c , , i n : r l t i "i : r t l l n rp c s p c c i r r al lcelrrilsi grrrP.
li5ti,in tirtrp cc frrlclionarii sc situeaz;lll nivclrrlttrti scllz.tt!
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ll
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212 I 'llr,ani.rnt/ wttulrti

t l . ( i r r r P r l l r r i t lcco n t r o li s - r t t g
t - l ta
t sc c : i ( icn t r c l ) i t riin r r c t o r n l r r i ica, rg r t r p r r l r r i
l)ancl,in rrricr'bric. l;igrrra5 ir.rrircclc tlrrr:Igrrrprrric.nrbin:rtc.
9' [):rc'.Icstc a(lcvdr:lt,
citt()liciitlirr.Srrtl:rrrtcntlingudc a-i vota nririnrllt pc
relrrrblicnrri
<lt:ciitProrcsrangii
srrdiyti.(AsttLl<lcrjir(c:rrtcstarrt.c:rstJ
illrrtezJ.)
10.()blincnr acel:t;irczttltlr tJitcrl
sturtrtrrlecorrornicsc rncrrlincconstilnt,
in liccarc grttp ccottotrticrl)rotcstilntiirn:riin viirstilsrrnt rnai rcPrrblicrrrri,
i:rr
crrttrliciinr:rivi'irstnici,
rnui dcrrr<rcrr1i.
Currr crluc:r1irr
cstc a5rrrlc srrirrslcttrrrrl
t l c v i i r s t i li l l S t i l l c l c l l r r i t c - t i r r c r i is r r r r rr r r l i t ' t l r r r . i r rl il c c i l t l l r l t r i r r i i g
, r:r;ic
t l c o l i l opr r r l l l i c e- , i r c c s tr c r l l t l r t p < x r r cI i
P r r l g r c s c l o<rl i nr r l t i r l r iai t t ii r t s i s t c t t r t S
a f c c t : rdt c d i l c r c r r ; c l cd c c t l u c a ; i c . ' l i r t r r i idi i, f e r c n l c l ci n t l r r s cd c ' i i r s r i ls c p d s trca;/.iI,
chiar;ii h lccliri;inivcl cduca;ional(in nrilsuruirr clre rrc
l)lrtcrl l):1,/;l
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ciflrclcnflrrtelir dislxrz.ilirr
noastrit).
l l . A r n o r r r i sr r l c n t i f i c a r csl ro c i a l rcrl i n r c c a s t rc o r c l : r r c ,
l l c n t r r rc r l 1 s c s t c
ccca cc sc rl dc obicci rlrcPtc:rractcristicrl
dc llaz.rt,
ci cstc nrli dcrnrltrlo 0titu_
dinc tlcrivatildin accsrctrib^iltrrri.
12.Ycr.iA.cxa lJ r)cnrru. descricrcnrrridctarilrr arrrcestrri
indcx.

Cupitoh.rl lV
l . [ ) o u r t i g r r r rdic s r r b i c c ;n. ic - a r rc x p l i c i r n
t l o t i v c l es c h i n r I d r i i n t c n ; i c il 6 r
clcctorrlc l'c dc o [)rr!e,art f(]stn)clnl)riicSrrrrtionrrlrri
nostru.lntcrvalrrlnrcdiu
dc tinrJrtlintrc trrr intcrviu qiischinrb:ricaproprirr-zis:i
a fosr dc dlurl sirrr(rcr
srlptJrniini.I)c;rccc', accs;tisrrbiccgiv'rrrcrrrrtrcsPrco cxPcricnl:Irrcstrrr
rlc
rccclrt:I.Itc tlc illtl Itiltlc,xll li)\t grtll)ttrilctlc conrrol,ilr iricisirp;r1iu
cstc,psilrgk r g i cv o r b i r r dn, r a iP r r l i ns x t i s [ : r c i l r ( ) ri rnc p. r i r n r rgl r u p t l c c o p r r ( )llr p , - . , , . . r , , ,
cxJrlicaliiPrivitltltrtotivclcschirnlr:lrii.
Al thrilcrrgnrp <lccorrrrolir f<rsr
c6csti6rrar
in lttlliriltltitlst'.
irtttc eclc tlotrJintcrvirrrisc scrrrscscnl
trci ltrni.Al trcilcrrgrrr'
dc ctrtlttola lirstitttcrvicviltin trctornlrric,
cccrlcc irrscarnrril
cll urrclcschitrrllrrr
s - l r l i P t r t t t rP e t r c c ei r r c rt l i n r t r t n Jc u g r r s lcr r n i .A i c i c s t c n r u ip r o l l l r i l c i r
rrnclc
considerclttedin rrhirrtclelhz.crrlccrrnrplnrcisil sc fi substituitnrotivc6r
rcllc
d i n r n r m c n t r r ls c h i n r l u r i iP
. e n r r up r i n c i p : r r c ltei p r r r id c a r B r r ' e n t c ( m ' t i v c l e
ccorrornicc,rdzlroirrl,
ccl dc-al trcilcarnanrhr)rrrfi, l5:rclar,
n.:justiflc:rt
sirne inspirJrndin crtnsitlcrlrJiilc
f;letttc pc scarnrr
grrrpurikrr
rlc control.Srrnt,intr-edcvrlr<Jilcren;cllt[x)rtlllltc in l'rccvcrt;ir
ctr cilrc itl)itrllccstcargurncntc.
l ' t r c r t r r i l cs t r r rllr l t l c ll t t t n c i c i r r t l i r l u r r g c nlrl r r r r r l n g ct l c [ < r r r n r r l l ri r rcr l t c ri.rrrl llccrlrciz.nc. L)ircdrrn srrbicct,dc cxcnrPla,irlcgc slI'rrrbcrrscrl
tlcsPrc
m ( ) t r v cc c o n o r i l i c c ; il i r l 0 s c g r c , , a r g u r n c r rot runl r r l r rsi i l r a c , ,r,r u a v c r n
nici rrrt
nro(iv sl susl)cc(rlnrcJ sclcctiu s|cciflcrl oltcnrt:Iclc cl ar fj inflrrcnclrtt
<lc
m()rlcr)tltl irr crrrc s-a l)ctrc(ut sclrinrb:rrsa
tlc intcnlic clr:ctoraLl.[)c lirnt.

Atotc | 2 l.i
rcl:rfiilc spc:ciliccrlintre tabcrc 5i argumentelelor,in cadrtrlttnciadintre nriile
rnujrrrcrlc rcli'rin1I,s-arrdovedit r fi accleagipentrtt esantiollllln(tstrtl,ca $i
sil inclttdcnr
in cttnsccingil,
l)cntnr gnrl)rtrilcrlc control.Nc-am sinrgitjtrstificngi,
dc
trbclrrrilc
noirstrc
clort'J
setttri
date.
irr
i,r u,rr., iun ilvrtt ttn ntrmir aproxinrativcgal tle c<tmentrriide ll grrrptrl
o p:rrtc.pi dc lrrccle dotrrlgrrrprtride control, 1.leclc alt'.r,tlcSi
clrrrrtion.;lc <1,,:
Irrinrrrl sct rlc <orrrcnturiiprovinc de h (r(X)tle rxttncni.irtrnl doiler tlc lrr 1.2(X).
l , ) r i s t dr l r r r t c x p l i c r r l ilil c l l t n r n c e s tl t t c r r r[,J n ; rd i r r c l c c s t c c r l i t t t c r v i t r r i l c t r
rrrcrrrllriicsrlntionuluiarr fost cfectttatecu rnni murc irtcnlic pi, de lccca,
tlc corncntariipcntnr ficcareinterviuestemai mare.lvlai mttlt, epanrrrrrnilrrrl
adic{ oameni care gi-attschinrbatintengiaelectorald
tiorrrrlconlinc oscilarrgi,
dc ccl prrlirrclouilori;in grupurilede control,ttndes-aurealizrrtdoardoud intervirrri ctr llccrrrcsrrbiccr,nimcni nu r l)lrtut inregistrumli mrrlt de o singtrril
sclrirnbitrc.
(litrrrclc(l:rtein (cxt sunt prclrratedin intcrvirrrilectr mcrttlrriic$:lntionttltti.
2. I{clcririlc lr cheltuieli9i la datoriilcpublicerr pttterrli pe drept ctrvint
irrdirectela progrlmul strcinltrila alte misuri rle reformrlalc
considcrirtcrrt;rcrrri
p r r l i t i c i iN e v ' l ) e a v/ ,r r l n c r r b i l ed i n p u n c t t r dl e v e < l c r e
r l c h e l t t r i e l i k ri rm J r l i c n t e .
'lirtrrgi,
tle
urr firstonriscrlintre argttnrcrrtclc clrsrl,tstfcl inclt clersillilccstci.l
cilrcrlva rilrrrirrcdcstul dc rigidl. I)rintrerepubliclni,astfeldc relcrirt[eiltt ft)st
ntclc dc clirs{;dc accca
cu al)roilpctloui cincinrinrli nttmerouscdecritargttnre
crrrlcterrrlkrr probabilclc clasil,in ceeace-i privc5te,ar trcbrti relinttr.
.]. Nl:ri tlrz.iuvont vorbi despreclectoratrrlnrobil reptrlllicangi cletnt^.^rlt,
'Ju
rlcscrrrrrirrtlrr-r
Pc:cci crrrc ol)crat()schinrlrlrcirr llvoarcirttttttiirtliutrc lccstc
tlrrril prrrtirlc.I In alcgrtornrobil republicln,tle pildJ. ur l)utca Parcttrgcoritrtrc
( l i n t r c r r n n r l ( ( ) rtiri c i l l l g i : d c l u t l e m o c r l l iI n r e p r r b l i c a ntil,c l l , , n c l r < r t : l r i tlir"r
rcprrlrlicrrnisrrrrtlc la dcrnrrcrirlilil ,,nelrotNleli".
'l'hcrxkrrc
4. Singrrrlexccl)[icrrf<rstadnrinistralia
lui
l{txrscvclt.l:rinccptttul
sccolrrltri.Ar fi fost interesantde aflat cum s-ar li rilsprrnsatunci intrcb{rii
n()rstre.Desigur cI nrr vom gciniciodatd,dar ccl pugin l'lltem spcm ctr,atunci
cind viitoarele alegerivor ridica noi pr<lblenre,cercetittoruldin $tiintele srcialc
vir gi\si rlporrte l)rculn ccl de fagi, utile retrospectiv.
.5.Nlfsrrrl in carecarierelcsi identificlrilccandidalilorin$isiau contribrrit
l:r nccustrlrlistincliein 1940este o problenrrlserioasil.
Accst aspcctar putca fi
(cstlt rrlteriur,clel:orind nrli mrrltetcstc,dc l:rcxprcsiarrnorirrtcrcscingrrstc
pirrrl la cxprcsiacelormai larg,iinterese.Dc pildi, subieclikrrli s-arlruteaccrc
sI irrcliccprcstigiulrelativpecrreil :.rtribuic
unor personn.ic
rlin gtrvcrns'ltrdin
Irrnrcrr:rlirccrrlor.Sau s-irr[)utea verificl disponibilitatcclor pentrtt lcctrrril.
l)cr)truir irllrrrolrrljrrcrrtin vialrrlor dc problcrnclccotidiene.Sltt li s-rrrptttcir

l\'ott / -'15

Z l,l / tllnnui.snu/ uolului

ilrilt:l () rnrirgirrccrr o adrrnlrrctlc rxlrncrrisi li s-lr cerc s:I intlicc cc rcprczintll
g r c n t r rcr i ( i r r r r l c c rcr : I r r n i ir r p r r t c ni d c n t i fi c l r r n n r i t i n gp o l i r i c ) .
( r .l ) c t r t r t ld c t ; r l i ip r i v i r r t cl o r r s r n r i r crrrrt : c s t rirni < l c xi r l r r c o r t l r r l rcrtir l i c c a r c
t:rlrJnl,r'czi Arrcxirli: ,,lrrtlcrul ircortlulrricrr urttrnrcltclc liccrrci trr[crc".

Clpitolrrl V
l . ( ) r r r r . r l r zl hr c t o r i u l il l t l r l c r i t c k r r n l s r r r i l t o ar il e g r a d u l r rdi c i r r t c r c sg i r l c
lrctlvt t :ttc \/il 1tl):\rc:t
irrtr-0 | ttcrlrc scl)ilr..ttll.
2 . V c z i A r r c r l l | , p c r r r r ror t l c s c r i c r cr l c t i r l i l t rrll i t c c s r ( )i rn t l c x r r r i .
. 1 .( l i r i t o r r r li t t t c r c s i t(tl c s t r t r s t r cvi l i n t c l c g cr : l r l i l c r c r r t c l ct l c v i i r s r ;sl - : r r
c s t ( ) l l l ) i lc l t t ( ) t u lt l : r c :rl r r rl r r nl r r ai r r c o l r s i t l c r r rlrlc t o r r r lc t l r r c a l i cA. c c s tl r r c r r r
s ( :l ) ( ) r l t cv c t l c l r c c a l c t t l i r t tpl r o l l o r l i as t r t r i c c ; r l o
l i r l r r ci r r t c r c s r r li ir,r < l i l c r c rrrltc
nivclul lorctlrrcatiorurl.
4. ljolosint sontlrrjtrltlinlurrrrntrripcntru ilcc0stilirn:rliz-li,
rlcolrccc nc ofcril
tln nllltl:ir trtitittltrc dc strllicc;icu cilrcsrllrrcrilln.l{ezrrltutrrl
irr li, tottrsi,ircclli;i
i ; it l a c : Ii - ; t r nl r r l o stil r x t rp c : t c c it r t c r n l r ri ir ic 5 r r n t i r l r r t rcl irrrri c r, l c f i r p t ,n t t : t 1v o t i r r .
. 5 .i t t l r n s : r r t t l r lrttrt,t c l t c t u t < t r irir 5 t rkix r t l rc, ; rA n r p ,u r rl i r s tc r r p r r I r si l:rl - i t l c n t i f j c c I r i r t cp c r c z . i t l c n l ri il i s t r i c t r r l rlr' i, r i c ;, i : r c c 5 t i a
r r r rf i r s rr l c i t c ( ] r ((ll s r r l r i r : c 1 i i
c l l r s i l l c r rct ia l i < l c rti l c o l l i r r i cl ) c \ c i l r i rn ( ) : r s ( cr irl : l ur r r c r r r l l irri r f l r r c n rai i r c s l ) c c t r v c l o r g r u p r t r rs o c i : r l c .

Capitoltrl \/l
l . l ) c - r r l r r r r l i r r l : r t : c s rcr]rl i) i r ( ) 1g,r r r t l r r<l l c i n t c r c sr c ; r r c z . c n t icrst t c p r c l r r r r t
t l i r r P r i r n r r il r r t c r v i u(. l r i r l t c c r r v i r r t cc, s r cv o r l r l d c g r : r r l r r l , : i r r t c r c sc u c r l r cl
< l c l r t t t l tst t t l l t c c t t tiln c l t t r t J l : t t r iNc l.r r r c :rrn l r j o r i t l t c :sr r r l r r c c l i l opri - l r rlrr c l t i r l r t
r r i v c l r r il r r i l i r rtll c i r r t c r c sp c p r r r rt r r s r ri lr r r r c g ici r r r r r l x r r r i i .
2 . A c e a s t :rl t : l l r t i c : t r oc a n t t t n i t icl o r c s p t l n t l c n cl l tl t , , t c o r i icr i n r g r r r r i l r rcrl"i n
psilrologic,clrrlxrrlrrl
rlc Ktrrt Lcrvin. l,cu'in rrurJr:n,rlc cxcrnplrr,crl,tlacJrrsrrpra
llrltli c()l)ilsc ilclioncxz-rl
crro forltl,in vcrlcrcainclrcptltriilui citre un
llsihol<rgic
iltllltlllt scr>11
5i.in itccl:tsitirttp. sc aclioncrz.icrr o frrrtiloprrsJrlc cg:rl{\'alorlrc,
i r r r l i r c c ; i l c r ) n t n t r i ls, p r c r r - li r r t l c J r : I r t lrcr l r rr c s p c r t i v rlti n t : 1 c, l r , : r . . r c z o l r , : r , ,
P r o b l t : r r rc. rl i l r c r i r r r l r r - rrcl c : r r r r l r c l lci ' r t c ,l l l i r it l c g r : r l rtdl c t . l t s i s c i r r t l r c p t ci n
t l i r c c l t rot r i c r l r c ttilti n t r cc l c . ( l t r l l t c c r r v i n t c,,, r c z u l r : r n t il c" s ci r r a l i r r rcti r n p r r l r r i .

Ii

Oapitolul \/ll
ca a lirstcltllog:rtrIlic lrr
:t c(]ntbinatacestcschinll).Jri,
l. [)acr,lo l)crsoani.l
cil, cllt'l tincr"'t:t
ittrt::rtlttril
As(:r
prol)ritl-7.i$i.
oscilrilrti,fic lr rrlcg:ltoriintoltili
rr lirst lrot;lr:tt
Dircil
oscllant.
a
considcfat
ftrst
0scilirt,
lilsr sigur l)c cl si irPoia
illcgJtor
considcrat
rt
lost
vgt,
de
intenlia
scftimbat
final
sarra 6scilirtSi in
$i-a
propritt-z.is.
nrolriI
2. Drrtclc:
Procenlul celor allati
Prccenlul
sub utl tip de Presiuni Totalul
celor loarle
conllictualesau sub de cazui
interesali
nici unul
196
79"/"
43/"
Constanli
41
71"/"
29"/"
Oscilanfiindecigi
109
58y"
21"/"
Aleqatoridecigi
15
400/"
2Qo/"
Oscilanliintre Partide
30
33"A
17"/"
AlegdtorimobiliProPriu-zi9i
ttrltti sitrgttr
cortstrttllil:r oscilrrrrtii
cc trcccnt tle ll rrlegrltorii
.1.I)c nrrisrrftl
c
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t t t l l cc l c v l t t c
l
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tlilr t.c irr cc rtlri ilrp11rtrllt,illr ftlct()rttlitrtt:rcstrtrri1'rttlitt
cci (loi
rcPrcT.cntin(l
l;igrrr:rzrl (cclc rlorr:lscclirrnidin mijlrr, orizontltlc,
:rr;rrrl
intercs
dintrc
$i
Prcsitrnilc
t'lctori trllrrtiin rlezacortlunul cu alttrl),raportttl
pcrllrtl oscrconllictrralcr lost de 7 lr I pentru alcgltorii constanli,de 5 lrt I
cclc tlottil
lanrri rrnrrisingtrr p..rrritl5i de numai 2 la I pentrtr oscihntii intre
'l
(loi
intereslll
vilrillt:
fhctori
a
a
celor
(lu
l)irrti(le. alte cuvinte, Ptlterearelativtr
rclrtttv
cgnllictrtllc.
prcsirrnile
irrr
ft)strclativ l1rli l)tttcrnicprinrrecci constrnli,
nrai putcrnicc printre oscihnlii intre cele dotrJl)ilrti(lc'

( ) : r p i t o l uV
l lll
itr ltttlitttlili,in lcrtlrctrii
rliri tlctlliirtilI srrbietlilornclrorrlriiti
l. O cl;rsilicarc
itt octottrlrrtc:
intcrvicvuli
a
0anrctriltlr
in llfl.tl{toirrcldistribrrlic
ll)l). rcz.trltrl
SCORULIPP
lnlcnlta de vol
in oclombno
Republicana
Democrata
Totalulde voturi
cristalizate

Moderat Pul?ntic
clcmo'
democrali
crali

U$or
rePu'
blicani

t)gor
democrali

16

39

10

11

18

26

26

12

12

27

57

36

35

16

Pulernic Moderal
repurcDu_
blicani
blit;ani
9

) l6 / tllutui\uil/

t'olu/ui

Note / 217

I l c z . r r l t ; r t r rrl\ t c u c c l ; r \ i I ) c n t r r r g r u l ) l r r i l c r l c c o r r t r o l i r r t c l , i c y l r c r n x i ( l c v r c n r c l ) c n t n r ; r t l o i l r r0 : r r l l- 0 t l u ( l i r r i r r l i c r r [ r r : r 0 u r r i r r : r r r g r r s t .
5i
2 . l ; : r P t r r lt d o : r r n c n i i s c l c c t c : r z i lt i p r r r t r c r n : r r c r i : r l
l ) c c ; l r c i l r r r p l l r t : s ci r r
I t r n c l i c t l c P r c r l i s p o z i g i i l cl o r p o l i t i c c c s t c t l o : r r r r n c : r z s p c c i i r l r r l r r n c i l e g i
r,.rl
g c t r c r a l c , c : r r ( :s t r r l ) : l t c i n t r c g r r l t ; i i r n P< l c c c r c c ( : r r cs r r c i l l t . i n t o t < l t : : r r r n : r
rrrrnllrirrr
t t t : t s st t t c < l i : ts c l c c t i v i c t t i t l t c t ; t t v i t t t c , c x i s t i o r c l i r l i c
l x r z i t i r , : 'ill r t r c o p i r r i i l c o a r t r c : r r i l o r 5 i t c c . t c c c r : r l r . gs l c i t t : . r s t . sl : r t ts l l : r s tt r l l c .
i t l c 1 ; t t , t t , , , t tl tl l( , s t t l l l,t l ) r ( ) x i t t t i t tj irvr r r r l l r l r tt cl r r t t r cs r r l l i c r . llit r t r J r r t ; r cs 0 r r s t r t t l l t ,r t l i c ; l t t t t s i - : t t ts c h i t t t l r r r ti r r t c n l i u d c v o ( i n t r c l r r n i l c r r r u r r r c t l r r r l r r i t :
5i
I J r n r J t r t r t ttl: r t r c lr t r r r t cr lr l r c p r r l r l i c i r n ici o n s t r n l i : r r rr r r n r r r i t 1 1 1 l t n l r l i
n r r r l tp t i r i l c
d c , r i c r r t i r r c r c p t r l r l i c r r n r ii,l r t l c n r t r c l r l i i ,
P c c c l c t l c r r l o c r a t c , d c - i l l r r n g r r li n t r c g i i
1 l r : r r o r r l ca c l r r r l > l r n i c i :

lnle nlia
de vo!

CULOAREA
POLITICA
PREDOMINANTA
A STIRILORURMARITE
Noulrd sau lad
tlopLtDtrcanil
ucmocrald
Tolal
culoaro polttica

Republicani

67o/"

12V"

21"/"

Democrali

23%

13%

64y"

IJJ

95

I t t t c r l l r c l : t r c i tt r c c s ( t t ir c z U l t : t tt r c l r r r i c

l)il\rl l)cflililncnt ill rcl;llic ctr tl0rtrl

t i P r r r i < l c l i t c t o r i : t r r r i is t r i o l o g i c i g i r r l l i i p s r l r r r l o l i i c il.) s i l r o l o g i r . s, r r p t c c l p r r j i r r
tlrttl clcnrcrrtc curc joircll trrr rol. llstc lir;rrtc
I r r o l t a l l i l c d c x i s t : l t l o r i r r t : rr l c a _ t i
i n t : t r i P r r t l t r i i l c I t t t r c t c t l c v c t l c r c . A c c s t f ' c r r o n r c nc s t c r l i s c r r t u ti n r l c r u l i r r l u
inccP u t r r l o r r g r i t o l r r l r rl iX . i n l l t l o i l c r r r i r r r l , 1 ; r o l l r r b icl r I c s t c o c x p c r i c n l J p l l c r r r r l
s l c i t c s t i c c \ ' : rc l r ( i r r c ( : s r i l l r r r i l i a r i z u t ,l ' ; l r :sl : l : r r i r r g ri r l t l i r r l p l i c r i s c l i i .
l;crlcilc
t : r r c ; r s < : t r l (sl c r r : r l c l cr ; r r l r o l i r r r r cs ct n t t l t n : r r t l c , lr l c c r c t t r P l r t .i r t v r t . r r n t r t
rlt:
t r i z l P o l i t i c i , s c l ) ; l r cc l c x i s t : l t c n t l i r r t ; r< l c l - i u s c r r l t ul u r r c s l i r ; ; i t
l)c corpcntrt ' ) r i l ( ; l r c \ | r i l r ( ) r c i r r t r c g i : r c c c . r r ip 0 r ' c s t c ,c r t t r r i c i v r r r i i r l i i l n i . ' l o t i l : i i .
:lccs(c
t c t t t l t l t l c - c ; l t r c r t i l s i l i l l n t r c ur l c s i n c s i c l l t r c i r r t c r c s r r fl i r l i l t l c r r r l r t c r i r r l c l c
funril r i l r c - n ) c r t t l t r r rs t r r r l i t tr i l ; r rd c t r r l i l r t .
I t c t l c 0 l ) i r r t c r u v c r ] l s c l c c r r r r c ag t i r i l o r d c c : l t r c l n c t l i r r l e x t c r i o r . : l \ : l
currr
l l l l a r ; l t : l tt t t , , i t l c v r c n t c . i r r
l t l r r s ,l r v c l n 5 i t r r r l c ' n o r r r c l rt l c s o l i , J r r r i t u trcl c g r r r l . r
N l r j o r i t l t c r r r . r r n c r r i l < cr ri r e s c z i i r r c l c p c n t n r i i t i r i , p c n t r r r p a g i n : r r l c s p o r t , p c n t r r r
b c r r z i l c t l c s c n a t c c t c . i n r r r : r j o r i r : r t c lzr . i r r r c l o ru, c c s t c r n l t c r i a l c s r r l t t l c , l l > s 6 l r r r
a c c c a 5 i l i r c t r r r : l ;t o r r r p i ,r c p r r l r l i c l r n r ip r c f c r i l s r l l c c i t c i r s c r rc l i n z . i r r c
rcprrlrlicrnc,
c ; r r r n l c l t l c s i r r r l r . lr r l l i r l l t r r l r rci : l : r p r r r l i n: r c c s t r r i g r t r Pp o l i t i c . i n t i m p r r l
camp:rt t r c i P r c z i d c r r l i a l c , c i r r c l z i : r r c l c i r r c c l r s i r i ; r a t i t r r t l i n c l i r g r lt l c c v c l i r n c n t c l c
z.ilci,
c c l c d o t t l g r r t p t t r is l l r l r t ( ) t n r t i i t r t c r c s r r t ct l c : r r g r r r r r c n t c l cs l l c c i l i c c t a l l c r c i
l6r;
n l t c s t c s i g r r r c L c l c n r r r r r d o r i s i l p r i r n c a s c : Ir r r r i r r r s l n r I r l r r l c ; t i r i
n r : r ic c h i l i l l r r r t c , t l : r c : l r r r r u r l i i , l c c x \ r r il r r c r r i c f a l t t l c z i r r r r r ll u c : r r c s u n t t r c
rclrrltr lrlronlrte
A c c s t t r l t i r t t l l s l ) c c t l l r p t r t c : r t i t l c r r r o r r s t r l r t l : r c : ls - l r c v i t l c n t i a c l l s t r l r i c c t i v i t a t c a

(/rzzr)in<lrrsrl
tlc cxpurtcrccste nrai Drarcin cnzttlcclttrcarc citcscz.ilrelcrlccit
it.tcrtzttlcclor cerc rsctlltl radiotllintatcrialtllirdttnrtdc noi ntl estc slllicicnt
rrrritillstf'cl(lc test.
l)clltilr 1ll)li(irrcu
irrtirrrpl:ltor,cstc posibilca acestfenomendc incrlic in lccturl rceltrrr5i
in plrte. 9i dc cazurilcde dcviirnli,aclicrdc txttncnii citrc
ziirrcsrlrlcrtscrtrrr:1,
rrrrnlrcscrnninrrrltprolxglnda panidulrriatlvers.Acestiaplr I li, prrfial,oanlcni
opoz.it rrrc,prinrr-osirrrplrcoincirlcntil,i$i oblirr infrrrnragiilc
z.ilniccdirr z.iirrttl
priveStc
itt.cct,
cc
srl-l
schimlrc.
irrr
irr
tirrrgrrrr
i
clcctorirlc
rru
sc
olxrscsc
rnli
lici,
nlrrjorit:rtcrr
cirztrriklrirr cirrc sc unnilrcscrlisctrrsurilcltlvcrsarilorPar
111liorrl,
sd virr:IUe la oanrcninu foarteinteresalidc'.tscttltlrea
l)rogratnelorlxlliticc de
gi
vorbesc
candida[ii.Acest
donr
dacrl
la retlio care sclcctea;/.tr
l)ostulrespectiv
Irrcrrr,crrrne 5i lrresc,asigurtro ,,dietrl"m'.riechilibrat',t.
Accst rlirr lrnllrirlsl)cctnc-ar l)uteilrtjtrtasI cxplicim o dctrtliercrelnirrciloanrcnii,tlttpilintcrcsttllor in citntpuni:t
l>ilJ:r rcz.rrltatrrltri
rrostru.l)rrtcrninrp:Irgi
g
r
t
r
l
l
u
r
i
:
c
c
i
s
i
t
r
r
r
r
l
g
r
i
tn i v c h r lc c l r r r t ii n a l r d c i t t t c r c s ; it t c e i r
c l c t ' t o n r l li,r r r k r r r i l
ccl rnaiscrlzrrt
crrrcntlrrrilcsr:l
intcres.[)rcjudccJlilclcgrrtcde circtritulinlirrrtrrL i o r r : rslr r r r tr n r r ip r r t c r n i c ei n c a z t r lo r m c n i l o rr n a ii n t c r c s l g (i v c z i l " i g r t r l3 0 ) .
/\ccst rczultutcstc,totttpi,de o natttrilmti cotnl)lcxl.Oirrneniiintcrcs:r;i,drrpil
c l l n : l r n v i l z r r rs, l u l t r r r t r l rt r t i t si i r s c c l ) t i l ) ri l ic a l l s t t l l i c c t i viir t s c l c c t l r c t n l . l t c sclcctarcsrll)icctivl ridicil, probabil, pi nivclrrl
riulrrlrrirrrrnrrrt:tl:rr :tcc:tsttr
l')stc
intcrcstrlrrirrurrilcs(at.$i lcest rezultrt Incritl un studiu tnai aproftrrrdirt.
in rnr>rlcvidcnt de o nrlre inrportanlrlpricticrllhptrrlcil oarnenii,ctt cit stlllt
nrli rrtllnc inrplicatiintr-un punct de vedere politic,crr rtet devin mai o[)rlci
ftr1rltlc cccr cc i-ilr l)utcl invita la ratiunc$i la relleclie.
. 1 .I ) c l i r p r ,t : l r i r rlrr r u r c iur n c i h ( ) t i r l i rdi u c c l a ( ) e x l ) u n c r ct o t t n l i i n t c t r s : L
() crrrrrplrricsclrnrln:Inrri nlult ctt trn ntcci dc lirtlrrrlpalpitant tlccit ctt <l
cil ulcgtrtorulcnre s-itltotilrit
ccrcctilrcqrrofrrntllgi rcsqronsatriliL
Nrr inscarrtnil
r nlnrls pc dinllrrrl - el abir intr{ in jrrc.l)entrucei mai nrlrlli americlni, rivalidc a dccitlc (le carel)ilrtc
tltcu clintr-oc()nll)c!iIiecclipseaz.il
ncvoiapcrsonaltr
srl jo:rcc.(Vcz.iOrrpitolulXIll, pcntru o dare de sealn,lastrpmelemcntttltri
tlirr stirilcclcctorale.)Astfcl se llcc cll intercstrlpi zeltrlalcgdtoc()nrl)etilionrll
rrrlrriirr clirccgieclirrtulrri politic crcsc lbi.r dupd ce l ltt:rt o tJcciz.ic.[\'l:rrcl
t( tiunc ubirrrrcrrrrr
unneai/-il.
linergia se lnrplificil trcprat pin{ in finll, ciittdsc
: r l l r rl c z r r l t a t c l ac l c g c r i l o r .
(la srl arrt:\rne{'ectrrlexistenleiunci dcciz.iielectoralcasuprr gradrrltride
cxl)lrncrctsrlconrparilnrscorrrrilcdin l dorn jtrnr:Itatea caml:itnici,l)cntrttccl
cerc sc lrotrlriscriltlin lrrgrtstpi l)cntru ccilllli. (Orrtltc cttvintc, srlconrlxrlttr
prirrrclc<lotrl lirrii tlin trrnriltorultirbcl.)'l'ttlclul itnrtd('d rtcciacirrc rveilll o
politicrttlecit
rnrcntic rlc r,or (Prinralinic) lrr trrnrJritInii multi Proprrgantl:l
cci nclrotlrili. Acclst'Jcornl):rralic
a fost rerlizltl crr ajutorttl ir l)rrtrugrrrpttri

2 | 8 l,llnnti.rttttt/

l\'rtr / / I9

txttu/ui

r l i f i ' r i r t : .l ) c n t r l l : l l ) r r t c l c ( ) n t r ( ) l ;grr : r t l t r tl l c c x l ) r t n c r cd i n ; l r i r n l j l t n i l t i t c i l c i l l n p r r r t i c i .I t c l l c t : r n : r r i v c l s t r r l l r l i t c, c i c : r r t :s c h o t l l r i s c r r lp i n l l i r r i l r g u s t i n c l u \ r v
i l l t ( ) l ) t i t l t t to t i l i l t t t c t l t c t t x t i n r . t r cJ r c t r t r rJr r t : r i o u r .sl c: rp t c r n l r r i c - r r o i c r n l r r idc c c i t
c c i c J r c n l l : r j u n s c s c r l i n c r l l u o h o t : l r i r c p i r n i l i n l r r r r i rl t r g r r s t .

S C O R L ' R I LM
EE D I I
A I E F X P U N E RiIN
I
SEPTEMBRIE-NOlt:MBRIE
Intorosmai-augusl

| 6,9

11,7

Fera intenlie
cfara do vol
in august

14,7

9,4

4,8

6,8

3,0

l. Ir,lcclincxl)utreriipcntru cei cu () l)rcl'erintJpoliticl colrstilntilir lirst tlc

1 0 , 9 ;, , i n c o n s t a n t i ia"u a v u t o m c d i e d c 9 , J .
2. Datcle:

TOTALUL
DECAZUBI
Interosmai-august

inalt Moderat Limila! Sc{zul inalt Modoral Limilat Scezut

Intenlia
hot6ratade
vot in august

(Japitoltrl X

100

119

122

.l

14

17

53

Subiectivitatoa expuneril

DINSEPTEMBBIE
GENERALA
EXPUNEREA
PANAiN NOIb,MBRIE
Foarle
Mediu
Mediu
Foade
scAzula
sc^zule
Inaltd
fnaltd

Au urmhritpredominantPropagandaproprieilor tabere

66o/o

63%

55%

53%

Echilibralisau cars
nu au urmAritnimic

11%

'l o/"
1

14"/"

| 11',"

Au urmAritpredominanl
propagandatabereiadverse

23o/.

26/o

31"h

36%

Totalulde cazuri

122

t17

107

47

C a p i t o l u ll X
l . ( ) : t : c t t r c t t t ' r tl x l ) l r n c l c l ) l t t t i l ; l l r : lr r u s c l i r r r i t c : r z :l l: r t i r r r p r r l l r o l i t i t . I t r c z . c t r ; rct i i r r r l i l c r i t c a r i i a l c c r r r n t t n i c J r i ri r t i r s t< l c j l s t l l r i l i t L l ) c g r i l d r tc. n r i s i u n i l c

(-lnpitoltrl Xl

c < l t t c u l i o t r t l cs t t t t t t t r n r l l i t c i n p r i r r c i l r r rrl l c c c i c r t r c ' . t uc c l r n u i l ) u t i n n c v o i c ( l c

l. lxruis l\ean, IJallotllthaior, Anrcricln (lotrncilon l)rrblicn l'ltri[s,l9'10'

2. Arn nrri ptrteatrrmdriconvertirilcP:lrtirllc5i tlin pcrspcctivatlttci ultc
schimbiri, cu sI descoperimefectrrlultim :rlctlnl)aniciasttptalor. Alit ctttn atlr
indcxtrltti lor
r,:Izrrt,mnjoritrltcrlcclor ctre-5i pilntsescl):lrti(tttlcorcsptlnT:ltor
ll)l) sc rcintorc nraitirzirt la cll astfcl,ci sttnt rcconvcrlili$i rclsiAurlli. Li fcl'
itttcltltc
cci crtrcrcnlltJ liro intcllic tle vot r4lrsrllltl)-trltrilor sliri;cscpritrtr-<t
(lr rhc ctlvltltertrtttll:tittn
<lcvgt s6lidarlcu acesttici vor fi, deti, reconvertili.
mic lrrrnr\r dintre convertitii partialivor li in final chsiti!:tli drcl)t convcrtilirt:'rll.

c l c ; i t t t r - t l r t s c r i : r lr c c c n t t l c s p r c c o r r t r i b r r t i i l cd i t i ' r i t c l o r n r i n < r r i r l t in i l t i o n u l c l u
s t i l t r l t l c v i r t t : i l t t t t c r i c r t t r ,l ) t t l ) l i c u l l l c c r i r r r rl ) r o g r r r n rr r l i r s t r : o r n p r r si n p r i n r r r l r i n t l
t l i n r n c r r t l r r i ir c s l ) c c t i v c ic o n t t t r t i t l l i t n i n o r i t l r r c r. \ s t l c l t l c s c l c c t i i o l r c r c u z i l5 i i n
c i l : / , t l lr c c l a t l t c l o r ; o : t t t t c n i i t i t t t l s I c i t c r t s c : lr e c l r r r r r t : l co l r i c c t c l o r p c c : r r c t l c j l r l c
l l t t s c t l J 5 i i r s c t r l t l l : r r l d i o p r o g r : t r n c l c s p o n s r r r i z : r t cc l c c o r l r p l r r r i l c l r r c l t r o d r r c c
l l r r r r r r r i l cl ) c c l r r c l c - a r r a r l c s< l c j r .
Z . A c c : t s t i t r c p r c z i n t l l t . r t r r n : roi c x t c n s i c i l c c c r l c c i l n \ / . I z u t c J s c i t t t i r n l l l l l
i n c r t z u l x c t i v i l r i i ,t i r r d o : r r t r c n i ir r c l r o r l l r l l is c l c c ( c r t z : l ; t t r i l cp c c ; r r c l c r r r r r r l r c s t :
i n l i r r t c q i ct l c p r c < l i s p o z i l r i l cl o r p o l i t i c c . A i c i , t o t r r 5 i ,i l c c s t l c n o r n c p s c i l t c n s i l i c i i , p c r r t r r rc : l n r r r r r r r n u ip r c < l i s p o z i t i i l c( i n c c l c r n r i n r u l t e t u z u r i ) , c i 5 i P r c f c r i n g c l c < l c \ ' ( ) t c ( ) n t r i l ) l l i c l r r s c l c c r l r r c . rc o r n r r n i c l l r i l o r t ) t r t i z : u t c .

CapitolulXll
p c c c l c 1 . 2 ( Xt )l c c u z t t r it l c s t t l r i c c t i l t t c r l . A c e s t cc o r e l a t isi u n r l ) : r z a t e
vievnli in ltrnrrtrctomltrie,omilindrr-i pe cci cnrc nici nrt ungcilxtt irt vrcrtn ltl
t'i5tigItorrrl.nici ntt nvcatto intcntiCdevot. l,n t'tclllcillcCcl. rrlril!cllrlr(lc'sttli
de intercscarc s:Irtc pcrrnitllcalcttlrtrct
oirrncnilllati l.r nivclrrlccl rnai scilT.ut
rrnrrial trcile:rcoeficiencde corclalie.
ctt rntlicclc lor ll)l)',lrtr ori2. in general,rrlcgltoriidccid in ctrtlstrn:rn1rI
z.ontulde agtcptareafectead intenlia{c vot, clrrirrrttrttcicittrl dilcrcrrlelc ll)lt

2J0 / tlluunt.srttu/ wtluhti

Note I J2l

s t t n t t r t i t t i t l r c .( J r rs r r l r i c c tc t t I I ) l ' r c p t r l r l i c i u rr l i ) s t r n u l t t n : u i l r c l i n l t s i l - iv o r c z . c
l ) c r c l ) u l ) l i c ; r n ti l : r c i s - r r: r t t c l ) t i r rc r rW i l l k i c s r c i S t i g c < l c c i t < l : r c rsi - : rl l g r c l ) t l l tc r r
Ittxrscvclt sil lic t:ir5(r1,"rlrorul.

in a.e.t" lirnitc.ca $i in intcn'alcledc tinrp

tlirr cclc patrttz.iarctrrri inrportatrte.
irrclicrtc<lcrt:xt,rtrrtlizar rtcoperittot cceace sercfcreirll clrnpanie,indilercnt
rllcil rrntcrillclc crittt srtttnu lcgatcdircct dc ,,tcntclc" tlczb:lttttc.

N I C I O I N T E N ] ' I ED E V O T I N M A I
IPPREPUBLICAN
Intonlto do vol
irt oclontbrio

Astoplrlri
ropublicano

IPP DEMOCRAT

A1lopldri
dornocralo

Agrophri
ropublicano

Rcpublican

16

43

Democrat

16

827

Agtopttri
domocrato

3. Atrt vilztttcil cxistil,in gcncrll, o corclirlicnrirrcintrc oriz.orrtrrl

<lclstcpt a r c p r i v i n d c i 5 t i g i l t o r url; ii n t c n l i r d c v o t . l ) c r r t r u : l c c i l s tricl l u l i cs c
l l q t l r r ai n
c o n s i t l c n r rrcl o r r lpl r r r c c s p
c s i l r o l o g i c c{ J. n r r cl s t c c l c c t r r l< l cr : r l i c r cr,l i s c r r t :irttr
(cxt. n i(:i,tlftcl)tilrilc
llrivind rczultrltulcursciclcctorllc inf'lrrcrrtcrrz.:l
si dcciz.ia
d c v o t . ' l i r t r r l i ,n r a rc x i s r Jg i p o s i b i l i r a r c r r . , p r o i c c ; i oc a
i "n; ) c n i i i ; ;pi o r p r e i c c r : r
J r r o P r ii:nr t c r r t r ct l c v o t : r s u l l t ci rc l o r l r r l t;ir,s t c p t i r t < l r t c- s: rc: r t . c 5 tsi rr ls c c ( l n r p ( ) r t c
i n l t l r r l i n c r t r cs c c ( ) t r l p ( ) rst i Ic i i n s i l i .i n , r . c s tc u z ,c o r c l r t p ivrirr l i c x p l i c i r t ipl r i r r
l ; l P t r r cl r : t s t ( : l ) t l l r ccrstt c c o n s c c i n l :irn t c r r l i c it l c v o t . ( ) l r r r : r l i zsi lt l r t i s t i cnt r u i
t l c t : r l r i r tl tl r ; r t J( : l u r r r l r c l lc) r o c c s -c c f i . c t r r l r l cr r r l i c r c ; ip r o i c tl i l r- j r x r g lr r r r1 6 l ,
t l a rc r lP r i t t t t ttll i l t c l c c s t ci n t t t o t lc o r t s t u nc(c l r n : r i r n l ) ( ) r t x nIlt.r o l r icr s t cc x l ) l l s i l
intr-. lrrcrlrc tlcsPrc,,Arrirliz.a
inrcracliunilorrcciPrrrcedintre doi fictori corcll1i", crrc va li pulrlicirtrlscl)ilrrr.

CnpitolulXIII
l . l ) c n t r r r c l r r l r . r l r c r ru c c s t r r ic r r g r i t . l v, c z . i l ) . r r g r a s w a l l l c s , l J c r n l r t l
Llcrcls.n, l'ulilil (huuutrirrtior.c and I'ulilic opinion, ohiclg., lrrcrarcgapir.g r a v i r t l , l j 4 l . N l r r l l r r r r r i rsi p c c i r r l ci i ( l i r t o r : l r nt l r r c t o r r r l r rwi u p l c s ,
lrclrrrr
s t t P r a v c g l t c r c iol t t t l ) c t . l l t tuda n a l i z c l ocr l c c r r r l r ticr r : r c c s ct l r ; l i t o lN
. ltrlltrrtrilt,
t l c i t s c r l i c r r c (r lr(, ) c t o n t l uNi . ( j . l , c i t c sg i t l o r n n u l r rlit l r i c l l ) r x r i .
2. Arralizl inclrrdcprrli rlin Ztl rlc discrrrsuriradirf.nicc <Jcrnarc inrp.rtilnlil, linutc rlc candicllli 5i de srrs;.irrrirorii
krr,c:r1i uncle bulctinc dc sriri tjc
lrrstagiilclo.rrlc.in rcvistc,rrrralrz:r
rrrrcoPcritnutcrialrrldc camPlnie <lingrptc
tf intrc cclc rnrrirrlr;Pindircrcvrsrctlrn districr- Lifr, oollien, l,ihtty,,\'ttrurtlny
l"vcntngI'ost, Rnu,/er's
I)igr^rt.'l'iuttsi l,ool'; crr rorul, (>4clc erlitori:rrcsi artic.lc
i l l t f i ) s t l t l i l t c c i l l l l o s t r c . A n r r l i z . a z i : r r c l o r , t o t al .l i5zfllirnl cdi t e n t i , a i n c l r r s r c l r r t t l r i
t l c P r t t r l :l1l i r g i r rd: lc s p r cc a t t t g r : t r rl i)cr ,c c u n sl i n r r t t c r i a l c cl cd i t r 1 r i a l l s t i lp161l ri t i c '
(\Valtcrl,iPpr'arrn,l).rrrlrv'l'h.r'son, I)arl I\lrrlkrn, rirankri', llav'l'rrckcr)
Jay

(-lnpitoltrlXIV
l. Avcrrr prolrc prirt (ilrc l)utcnl driltccr\,tlc lirpt,cxl)ttncrct llr rrrutcrirrlclc
clcct,rrirlcl lost rrr:rirnarein aceirstil
llerioldildccit in oric'.trcaka. ltt nt<rtn"ntc
strbieclilor:
difcrite llc ctrnrl'r:rniei,
(a) li s-a cenrt sil spuntr,dintr-o listrlde cinci enrisiunil)oliticede sttcces,
c:lrc
o rrrrnrlriscr?l
in intervalulprecedent;
l)c
(b) li s-arrr:Itrrt
prccedcn!tral z.iartrltri
prirnaplgin{ a numilruluidin z.irra
Pc
curc rlcclrrmscnlcrl-l citc:rrtrcgulat gi ru fost ?ntrebatipc care din articolcle
lcgrrtctlc canrpurriclc citiscri; $i
(c) li s-aariltrrto listrlcu articolede campanicclrc apilruscrilin rcvistclcdc
largrlcircrrlalicgi li s-acerut sl indice pe carele citiserrl.
(liticlc din rrrrrillorrrltabelrcprezintdproporlil subicclikrrclrc att ttrtttilrit
r : c lp r r l i r rr r r ri t c n r r l i n r n l s sm c d i l .

Momentul interviului

MEDIULDE COMUNICAREUFMARIT:
Ziare
Reviste

Radio

17"/o

lulie (intrecongrese)

42o/"

Septembrie

28%

29o/"
.

21y"

Oclombrie

541"

51o/"

26/"

'

intrebareanu a fost pusa.

de
2. (-l:rsr clistingcrnintrc grupurilccu grld ,,inalt"si, resl)ectiv,,,scrlz.ttt"
cxl)ur)crc,ilrcliciicrr care alll opcrat au fost dez,voltrlipc bitz;ttuturor clateklr
tlisponibilc irr cornttnicilrigi avind legdturrlcu grttpttl p:rnel. Acc5ti inclici
pcntnr fiecarercspondcnt scorttricomplexc, indicincl crntitltet
lirrniz.cirz.i
rcsl)cctivildc rnatcrialpolitic citit din zirre gi rcvistesart asctrltrtla nrdio. A
nrai f<rst,de rscnrerrea,posibil,in acestfel, sd dctermindnrnivelul gencralde
exl)urlcrc h tortc srrrsclede informareasrrpracanrpanieiirr ansamblu,rle la
p r i n r c l c l r r n i ( r l i r i - a r r g u s ts)i p e n i l l a r r l t i n r e l ed o u t rl r r n i d i n r i n t e d c a l e g e r r .
Itcrrtrrrtlctalii yrrivindcolrstrucliaaccstorindici, vez.iAncxa ll.
a fostobgintttpntrrtlrccare(lintrc
3. Acelrrsinrrxlcldc expuncresuprapusil
cclc,trci nredii. N'laioritatclcelorcares-auinteresatde subiectclelxrliticc prezcnte
in zirre irrr rrrrlilrit in rrceln;itinrp si un alt mc(liu. Acccagi rcl'.r;icrdrnirre
vrlrrbili gi in cuzul cxprrneriila materialulde ll ratlio$i din reviste.

-T
,!?J / tllzanisuu/

t:olu htt

Nuk / JJ.l

4. l)rrclc:

Scoruilo medii
ale expunerii

Totalul de cazuri

C U L I C E US A U M A I M U L T :
BArbali
Femoi
P o s t o4 5 d o a n i , i n c l u s i v
Sub 45 de ani
Mediu urban

' t1 , 5

ttta

179

Mediu rural

10,3

134

A,B

12 2

C+

10,3

c-

10,3

54
110
106

10,2
1t , B
10,4

156
183
9S
240

9,6

43

lnteresridicat
Interesmcdiu

12,3

142

9,2

138

Niq un interes
Au o intenlioclard do vor
Nu gtiu pentrucine sii votezo

7,7
11,O

261

Nu se agleaptas6 voteze

9,0

I
16

7,9

FARALICIU:
BArbali
Femei

9,8
7,7

P e s t e4 5 d o a n i ,i n c l u s r v

I,l

Sub45 de ani
Modiu r.rrban

8,3

66

8,8
9,2

128
96

10,5
9,0

23

C.

8,4

73

D
Interosridicat

8,1

bd

10,9
8,4

65
136

q,7

24
153

Mediu rural
A,B

lntoresmediu
Nici un intares

111
113
.t
s8

60

Au o intenlieclar6 de vot
Nu 5tiu pentrucine sA voteze

oq

7,4

11

Nu se agleaptasa votoz

6.3

45

. 5 .S I n e r c a r n i n t i ms i t r r a g zi a. i a r c k r r idni s t r i c r ull' ) r i c i.n S a n r l r t s k(vi t i r tttr c r

zinrc crt circtrlatic rcgionll{. in plrrs,Claeland tttain l)raler crl citit dc rtn
rurrnllrconsiclcnrbilrle lrrctritoriai tlistrictrrlrri.lntr-tttt disrrict dc accst f1.
clc irr
ilscnlclcil ollorturritlfi tle in{irrnrarcsllnt exccl)liotlrldc bUnc.l-)csigtrr.
orage
lrttrtc
in
alc
nlarilc
lj
inct
nrrri
llrii.
l)lrtcir
li
(r. l)etttrtto rrnrtlizil
ittrrpcrindacestasl)cct,r'cri l,co l,orvctttltrtl,,,llir,grirp l r i c s i r r l ) o p t t l r tlr\ l : r g : r z i r t c si "r r, l ) i r r r l j . [ , r z ; r r s l t k l l,i r : r r t kN . S t i r t l t o r(tc t l s ) ,
lltr/io Rrlurtl, /94J-194.1,Ncw York, l9.l.l, pp.507-.1'lfl.

OtpitolulXV
L A{irrrralirrcI olrncrrii voteaz:Iin gruptrri nu estc [o:trtc sittislileiitortrc.
()irrrrcniiill)xrlilt rrtrcivlrrrCtllli<lc grtrprrriyi, tlc irccctt.cstc llcccs:lrilo (cr(cnccsteiprobl<:nlcrcttilt,r Xtltpcstc ccl nrlrillrollltllilcll
itslrl)rrl
tlrc :rlrrtrf'rrrrrf:ltI
y6r Iotrr?l)rrrccrltrnr
irllrorintativdvrr fi sil sclcctlnr lrn csiltltiort5i srll:tcctttrtrt
gruprrrilor
cltrorl le rl)artin mcnrl)rii lrri.Vonr .lvcirrstl'cl lirrtrrlt:r,
rrrvcrrtlral
tlc olntcni ctt cttrepcttec.l)cntrtt
colcgii,prictcrriide familie,veciniisi grtrprrrile
ficcrrrcstrbicct \'oll avet ncvoic tlc o lrstl a oilntcnilorcarc li)flllc'JZilaccstc
grrrprrrisi rr intcnliilor lor electorale.
rt ortrogcttitiliipoliticc rr tlilcriOrr rrrr prinr rczultnt,vorn avcr.ro rn:lsttr:I
telor tipttri tle grttllttri.Atn Pttte:rnttltll lccirstl o c\tct'tsiclt tttctodctsocitttrtctricc in ccrcctrlrcitsrrci:rl'.1.
()rdincrricrrrrhic','l
a rliferitelorgrtrprrri,in terrncniiinllrrcnlcil)c crtreo cxcrrru trcbuic sritic idcnticalpcntrtt liecrtrt:irrrlrvrtl.
citl irccstcrr
rsrrprl srrlricctrrlrri,
l J r r i io : r r r r c r ri ti r l ) l l t c : lt l o r i s t \s c c o n l i r r r t r c zpc: t r t c n c r i l otrl c ; r l t r c c r ii,r t ri r l t r r ,
si ciltttilnlPcrs()iltlc
crtrcsc rtllt
vct rrilor. t irr lr,rsrrnniltorur fi, in consccirrl:1,
l : rp r r r r c t t r l c c r r r r t l u c r rtll:i in t r ct l o r r lsl r r rr n : r li n u l t ( ' g r u l ) t tcr ti t t n r t j o r i t t tl li o l i t i c c
rlitcritc. in strrtliitlc c;rzspccificcvorn inccrcrtsil ltlltrrritt cc nt.lsttrilorttrlctrll
sUnrc()n$ticnlitlc c0n[]ictsi pe cc critcrii i:rrrh0tJririlc. in t,rtt" rlccstcccrcct i l r i r r rl i , t l c s i g r r rn, c ( ' c s r r rrci d c l l n i t i i l co l t i e c t i v cl r l ct l i l c r i t c l o rg r r r p r t r i .
:rsPctt.
lsrtprltltcc.sttti
in sttrrlirrlnostnrllu ltvcm dlttc sttfi('ienttlecltx'r'<:ntc
l ) r r r ,c : rs r r l r s t i t r rpt ,r r t c n rl r r : irn c o r r s i c l c r r rt tcr t n t r t r x t r ei lnc[ < r r r n l l i Ii .n i t t t c r v i t t l
{in:rl,a fost sttpttsrirtc:n1icistrbiccliltlro list{ <lcsttrscciltc ar fi pttttrt li, clcrttrr:rl,inflrrcrrteirr detcrminrrcr vottrltri:,,l)in clrrcdtntrc lccste stlrscxti oblinttt
sru ilnl)resiilorcxrc v-ilu tlctcrnrinutsll lttttlriti ctrtrt
nrrrjoritutcairrfrrrrnatiilor
vcti\'otil: rrrrlclc,plrtettcrii tlc itfirccris:ttrcolcgii tlc servicitt,illti pricttrttrsrttr
rtcrttttJirlrrvct irri,pcrstxrncprrblicc(dlr nu oarncnii<lirrrntlio),viz.ititltcrsortrtlrl
l
p
c
l
t
l
c
l
l
r
r
g
c
r
r
t
rcr l r : c t r u : r l ,
p
e
r
s
o
l
r
r
l
,
t
c
l
c
l
i
r
n
i
c
c
l
c
c
t
o
r
r
r
i
n
l
r
t
n
t r r l r r i ,r r g e r r t r r
n r : r t c r i r l r ri n
l t i r r n r r r t ri vl c s p r cp a r t i t l j,t t r n : r l c l tel c r r c t t r l l i t d t li c l i tc i n c n t r t t o g r r l ,
zi:rrclc?(l';rrctlintre celc entlntcrrttentai sttsatt lirst tlc ccJ tttrtittt:ttc
rlr<liotrl,
"
i rn port:rn1:lpcrrtrrr d rrnrrtcirvoastril?

/J'l

/ tlJr, rniturt/

ttttrt/ttr

Nok / ?J5

I i r t t t r l t o t t t lt l t l r t : l t r i t t l c x i l c t , i r t i t p c r r t r r rl l r l r l l u t i ,c i i t s i
P c r r t r r rl c r n c i , c i t r l c
r l t : . s: r r r l i r s t r n c n r i ( ) n l r t cc c l c t r c i p o s i l r i l i t t l i r c l c r i t o a r c l l r r r r r l c ,
l)ric((:1i $i
t : t t t l o s t i t t l ct l i t t t l o t t r c t t i t t l: t l : r c ' c r r l olri ,c c u r r n : rr l i r r t r c i r r l l r r c r r l c ,l i c c : r i r r l l u c r r t ; r

'l 'crrt
iir cstc discltttt:ltrlxl
lirrt:rt r'ltre consccvenf
l opiniilorctr prcclisllozil
2.
'.1
cirpitol.
tlctlIirrt irrtr-oscc(ittrrcul(cno'.lrl accsttti
. 1 .I ) u t c l c :

cclt rnli irrttrort.;rrrtl.

I TULUI;
D I R E C T ISAC H I M B A RVIO

S U R S EI N F L U E N T E '
Flu<lo
Crrnogtinlo
dirr<lomoniul
alacorilor
Prioloni9i vocini
Nici o menliunodcspr4vrcun contactpersonal
ca sursedo influcnlA
C E L EM A I I M P O R I A N T ES U R S E
Rude
Cuno5tinlcdin clomcniulalacorilor
Priatoni9i vccini
Nici o monliunodosprovreuncontactpersonal
ca sursAde influenlA
Totalulalegitorilor

Barbali

Femei

5"/"
j3"/"
14v"

33v"
B"/.
23"/"

56%

52"/"

1gv"

14"/"
5iL
6v"

77v"

75Y"

215
198
'Grrrprrl
, , i n f l t r o nr )r .' 'x r t o( l o p i g i 1 0 0 % ,p o n t n rc i f i o c a r oa l o g , l t onr r f i p u t u t
nurnlmal mult rlo un sirrgurtip spocificdo conlactporsonal.
" Mai pulin do O,5%.
o c , l n 1 x r r . r 1sricn r i l l r r r r c r l c z . r ' i l l r rdi icl c r c n l c l cd i n t r c r x r n r c n idi e a t a c e r i
5 i s p c c r i r l r 5 rt ri ,r r r n c i t o rl i' c, r r n i c r i :
Funclionari Moseriasi

Fonniori

S U R S EI N T L U E N ' T E '
Rude
Cunogtinledin clomeniulafacorilor
Priolonigi vocini

5v"
339L
BY"

By"
41"/"
17y.

25v"

Nici o monliunerJesprovroun contact

porsonalca srrrsildo influonlA

5/"/"

47y"

70y"

C E L EM A I I M P O R T A N T E
SURSE
Rudo
Cunogtinlodin domeniulafacerilor
Priotoni9i vocini
Nici o menliunedesprcvroun contacl
porsonalca sursaldo influonl/t
l o t a l u la l c g A t o r i l o r
'Grrl>ul

8v"
8V"

IPP
lloprrblicarri

19L
28y"
45y"

3v"
5v"
lov"

79v"

67"/"

82y"

76y"

96%

40"a

, . i n f l u o npt o
" a t ed e p A s 1
i 0 0 % ,p e n t r uc a f i e c a r ea r e g a t o r a r fpi u t u t
numi rnai mult de un singurtip specificde contactpersonal.

t0

Dornocrnli

sttnt incltrsisi rcci citivir

nici o sclrinrbirrc
4. Itriutrc cci crtrcn-ltt <llrscrva!
slbiccli curc iur vi\ztttpctrecindtr-seschirnbiiriin irrtrl:elctlircctii. irr licclre
grrrlr.totrrsi,lccstcilconstitttie*ill l0% din totaltrlrilsltttnstlrilor
,,nicio schinll r : r r c " .l r r c l r t z i r r r l t r -5l ci l ) c a c e s t c ad, e c i . 4 4 %tal i n t r e r c p t r b l i c a n i(.r l 7 ot l i n t r e
cl:rril'.ttt
spllscil utt ltttolrscrvttt
rlt'rrurrrrtiri 7276tlintrc t:ci llr'J nici o prol'crinlrl
in irrtcrrtirclectorlLlc oitrncnilorrlin jrrrrrllor. Accstctliltrcnlc
rricio sclrirnlr:rrc
pot li cxplicirtcastfel:(l) dernocralii,pc ansrnrbltt.atl fost orntctti nrrriprrtin
crlrrcrrlirlccit rcprrblicaniisi. de aceeir,$i nrai ptrlin con$tienti dc astfel de
sr'lrirlblri li (lr) o'.rnrcrrii
cirrc nu all nici o prcferinl:1l)articlllitrilntt ttttnrrticl
srllhcllrrscnrcrrco
Obscrvlrfii,
tlar,irr pltts,sttnt llr('lxtllilincontlil sillrt inrc:rcs;rli
j r r r i r l ti l c o r r r r c : rcr ri r r cc i i r r $ i $ ci ,c l n t r r ip r o l l l l l i l ,t t t ts c s c h i t t r l x l .
.5.irr rroicnrllricatt cxistatciteva cnzuriinccrte,in care nu ant fi)st sigtlri
rlrrcri,
irr rrlsprnsulla lccastl inttelrure,oilmcniis-alrlimitrtt lit nrcrnbriigosl'rt>
dJrici lor silu s-rrl refcrit 9i la rude caro nu triliau sub acela$iacopcri5ctr ei.
Accst lrrcrrrsc tlatoreirzil
faptului ci, in ittglrst,sttbiccfilorli s-acertrtsI spectl i t c i r r t c n l i rt l t : r , o t : rl l c c J r r rri n c n t b r r r r ll i r r n i l i c i ,r r t i r n p c c i n n o i c r r t l l r i cr t r t t
l)us (l()irrirrtrcb:rrcirtlc ordin gcneral ,,A votitt cinevl dirr l'.rrnilierrltlcl dccit
rlrrrrrrrc:rvoltstr,t?"
1)in vcrilicrlrilccrrc llr ttrnlrlt,i.rn)frlst irrcirrrulis:l tlcscop c r i r r r ' : l: l (c l r s t ri ln c c r r r t t r d i nneu l r l i s c h i n r b artc z r r l t a t c lcct t r n l i t u t t l tc l c | 7 o
i r r r r r i t ; u rrcl i r r r r ct l i r c c t i i .
( r .l ) l t c l c :

NivelulSES
39L
t7v"
1"

De la republicani
la democrali

De la democrali
la republicani

Procentajul membrilor
unor diloile organizalii

Tolalul
de cazuri

A,B

72%

158

C+

56%

336

440/o

353

35%

204

l)

intentc7. () lltri lrtcntrc,irr curs rlc publiclre gi lvinrl ca strbicct.,Anlliz.rr

tirrnilor rcciproccdintrc doi factoricorclir;i",r'a abordaaccastl problctrtrlrniri
irrclctrrlirr.

//6

/ ,llntnitnt/

t'o/tt/rtt

( - i a p i t o l t r lX \ / l
l . I ) r r r t c l p r t t i t t< l o t t rI ) t r r c t c t l c v c r l t : r c c. s r c r r m i r l i l i t : i lt l c r t : ; r l i z r r rt l
i n < l c xi r l c r p t t n c r i i p c r s o t t r t llcl r d i s c u t i i l cl ) r i v i r t ci ,r r c r l n p a m r r cc r r c x l ) l l l c r c i l
l r rc n r i s i r r n i lrca t l i o l i r n i c5ci l r r z i u r c .I i n r r l i r n P l i cliilc t o r u ln r e r n o r i cl ). i s c u r s L r r i l c
r : t r l t o { i r n i csct t t t tc v c t t i t t t c t t t ct l c s t t t l< l cd i s t i n < ; t5c i o : r r n c n rpi 1 i r s c p l ( r tl ). r ( ) l x r l r i l ,P r c : rr r r r r l t cI ) c : r c c c : r ,t l r r t r l i s c c c r c s r 5 r l c u r l r r r r c r r s c . i r r c c l c l r
1lc
l.c
t : t r c l c - ; u tl r r t ' t r l l r rct s, t c p r o l r r r l rsi ll r r r rl r r r . ll , r t : : rr r r r r l t cg r c 5 c l i (. l r rz i : r r c l ct r s r c
\l ll)ill\ll)ll)lll, l)cllttll til lc
l l t t t c n t p t t r r c z i t r r t r lr l i t t l r i r r t cs i , : r s r l c l , r c c , g n ( ) ; t \ t c l c i l

I o r c s t t : r l c s t r r l r l c c r c t l i l r i l , t ,t l t t p J c r r r n a n r v r i z r r r5 i i n : r l t c s t u r l i i c r r r ca r r f i r l 6 s r t
i l c c i . l s t l t l t c t r x l l . i r r s c l r i m l r , < t i r t t r c n isi c i r r r i l r r c s cc r r i r l p ir x r r n c n i r l c - i r l r r n g r r l
i n t r c g r i z i l c 5 i n r r t t t : t ic s t c a t i i t d c p r o l l u l r i l c l tc i s : l - 5 u
i n r i r r t c ; r s c tJ( ) t c c : t i l l ) I 1 t t

in nrtrlte l)trnctealc tcxttlltli, nc-rlm referit l1 i11rlcxuri constrttitcdc noi pentrrts(tldilll lxcdisl)o7.iliil()r
politice, al activit{lilor$i rtitrrttinilor.ln ccle cc tttrnc'.rd,vom da o scurtJcxl)licrlic ilstl[.traxcestorindc-

i t t t i t t t p l : l t o r i r t t l i s <r r l i i l c l o r . i \ r l i n c ( c s r l r , i r rp r i r r r r r rl i r r r l , s d f r r c c n rr r r r c l cc x p c r i r n c n t c c r r : r g c r r t l c l cr l c i n t i l r r i r i z - i l r r i c ct,l r r P . lc r r r n u r r r s r r g c r : r it r r t c x t .
5i
L l t ( ) : l t c r c c : s r c a ,t r c b t r i c s : i i r < l r l r r ; i r i rqn; ic l c n r c r r t t r l c ( ) n $ t i i n [ c i c l c s i l c . l ) r r c : l
o : l n l c n r i p t i r r c : l r r c b r r i c s r t 1 i n ' Jr r r i n t c r o t c c c i l c c x u d i s c u t l l t c r r a l 1 i i , c i y r g t t i
i n l l t r c r r l r r l i i r l s c l c c t r t r c i t : i U l ) i c c t u l u i . S - 1 lt c s t a t i n r c l l i s t r t r e i l r r r r l ] r l r i r i i c l n i s i U -

x u fi .

t r i l o r t l c r i r c l i o5 i s c l ) 1 l r cc : i l l l l r t r l t l c u l i n c : . 1 \ c l l l c n c rcl v i t l c r r t c i i l a c c
1lcoilltcnl
s i l - ) t c ( ) n s c n l l l c z ct o t l r l t . t t s c r i o z i r : t t c [. ) : r ru c c r t l t t c r t r
l l o r t ( cl i r l : t t o r : r5r i l i r P t r r l u i
c ; l r t r < : t t l ( r t r c lt t t i r i t r t r t k r r i t t l i oc s tc o i r r t l c l c t r r i t i r cr r r r r l r n l r is t : r r r t l r r r r l i z ; rt tl i; sl :c r r l i i l c c r r o : r r n c r r i ri c p r c z r r r r iol a c t i v i t i l t c n r r r l tr r r ; r lrl c r i l r i l r 5 i a r p t l c a I i , r l t : a c c c a ,

Irrdcxrrl prcdispozilici politicc ( | Itl')

r r ( l c l l x ) n s t r i lcl J c c i t t c t
l l r r s t r r d i ua l r r l c g i l t o r i k a
facttxi<Jemaximilvalolrcllrctlictivllpctttrtt\t)t all f()st
ncest itttlcx a lirst
religia,nivelul Sl'lS si rcz.irlcrrl0.
rlcltrrit ltrin stratificririin crdrrll lictrlrrri rlivcl SllS,
in lirrlclic de rcligic fi tlc rcz'idcntil'I ltl llrnricr pt.-

t t l i r r u l c c t ; r t l l i r r c s c l r l r r c i t l c l l r c t c r r l i r r u n c i c o n s c r r r n r i r is i s t c n r l r t i c c .
S : ' rs P c r ; l l l r c r l c \ l ) c . ' l c l l t c l c
in acclstrl tlircclic ''r fl atlr.frrrrdirtc.

t c s t i l n tl ) o g l t tI O l t l i n t t t t t t t l l t t n c t i r ri l c l , c c c l rc c I
ittscnrnlttcll rvcll o ptttcrnit'dprcdrslxrzrlicrcptrlrlicxnd. []n ciltolic ilfltt pe ccl nrui scrlzrrtrrrvelSllS,
l<rtrirrdin ccntrttl ttrbitn irl districtrrlrriliric' I lirst
cl'rtlttltcl pttnctlj ctl 7. il(cst lttcrttitrscttlttitttlt ll ltvcrt
dctntrrirtil ptttcrtricrtl)rtxctlttr:ttlc
o pretlisl'roz.i1ie
Plrnctilfc:

PROTESTANT
Rural
A,B
I\NIiX'\ R

C+

2345
3456

(lon strrrirca
indcxtrrilor

1234

4567

Urban

CATOLIC
Bural

Urban

//ll

/ ,llrutui.sun/ t:olului

Constntita indauilor

L J r r t r c a z ;d
l i s t r i l r t r i r c : t s u t ) i c c f i l o r i n l r r n r rr t r : r i ,i r r f r r n c ; i c < l c r r c c s t i n c l c x :

Punctaj
1
3

Frocvenld
l4B
289
|
467

4
5
6gl
7

4l

l----I

(prodispoTilii
p ro d o m i n n n t

dcrnocrnto)

lndexul activittrlii politice

l)itrticil>lrrcl
l,rcrtttrpltticit lirsttnlsuratJprrnconrllrnrrrclr
rllsprtnsrrriIrr
llr rrrnlltolrclc intrclrrlri:
,,Ari inccrcurrlc crrriindsi corrvingc;ipc cincva dc irlcirc drrrnncrrvorstril
politicc?"
Punctai

Da
Nu stiu
Nu

Ftecvonld
74

429

,,A1ifrtcrrtccvn erlrcsrI-lrrjrrtcgrcclr,ditlatuldrrrnrrc:r'rxrstrrl
srlcii;tigc?,,
Da
Nu gtiu
Nu

Irxlcxtrl orizontului de opinii

il(cstui stu(liuanrl)ussul)iccltlorno$trinrultc intrcbtrritlc intcrcs
l)c 1us1.11s5111
prrlrliccotitli;rn.[)cntru a lc deterrrtint,astfcl,pozi;ia.Att exisratPctmanent
str eviderttiez.e$i
rrrrii orrrrrcnic;rrc ntl iltl tvllt nici o opinie. Astl incc:rrc'tr
lici ce
opinici,ntt nc interescaTil
irrrlc:xullr()stru.l)cntrtr:rrlctcrntinroriz.ontttl
clcctorrtltr.
tryinic
vcrfcri pr,liriccr
iur susllrlrt subicctii,ci ntrnrairlard stt avtlt o
Arrr lirlosircirrci ustlcl dc intrcbilri, Itc cilre lc-anr ptrs sttbieclilorc5ant i o n u l r r in ( ) s t n r s, i c i n c i i n t r c b l r i l ) c c u t o l c r r p l i c a s c ngrr t r p t r l r lti l c u r n t r t r l .
l)rrcrltrrr srrlrrcct'lexprirnitto opinic astll)rrttrtttrorcclor cinci intrctrllri,el a
obtinrrt cirrc:ipuncte. I)e fiecaredatd cind a sptts ,,Ntl gtirr", a pierdtrt tln
l)ulrct.l)unctljtrl fieczlruisubiectne ofcr{ o idec asttpraanverguriioriz.onttrlui

(nrorliso,-,zitii
predominant
republicano)

319
283

| 229

69
1
424

s i l t rt l c o p i n i i .
I lt:I intrclxlrilc rttiliz.rtc:
li,,rantiont/
,,()c credcli ci estc nr'.tiinrportant- trn prcaedintccarc sd fie capnbilsil se
rlcst:rrrccin actrt:tlaconjttncturrleurope'JnIsatt tttr prcaedintc capabil sI sc
intcrncl"
ot:rrpctlc prolrlcrrrclcnollstrcecon<lnticc
- o aprobalisiruo dcz;rprobalil"
.,( lc crc<lc1itlcsprelcgcn rccll.rtjlril()r
,,(')cprircrcavcfi dcsl)refapttrlc'trpre$edintelel{ulsevelt candidcirzJpentrtr
sattace)^t
lucru ntt c()ntcazjlPentru
il dcz.aprobapi
al trcilearnandrt- il aprobagi,
?"
rltrrnrreavoustnl
dc firt:t,xr tret)uicl StatcleLlnitc sr ajrrteAnglil?"
,,i,r ,r'r,,,r',",,t,,1
irr gcncrul- sunt un lttcrtt lrttn satt ttn lttcrtt
.,(lc crcdt li tlcsprcsirrrlicate
rirri"

l cl i r r r r : r 1ci io r c s p r r r r d cc c l r n i r i l l i r r c s c r r t i r r r c r r t c l 6 r
, , ( l l t r c < l i t l t r ct t r t t t ' . l t o l t r c u
r J t t n r r r c a v o i r s r r dl a g r ld c l l c g c r i l "

,Sunt foarle nerdbdAtorsA-mived candidatulales.

301

,,Mi-arplAceasi-l vAdc6StiqAnd,
dar nu esto
asa do irnportantpentru mino"

117

"Nu contoaz6penlrumine dacAva casliga.

g6

l ) t t n c t : r j c :iltct t r o t l l t s<c l r r p Il i c t r t r cr l i n t r cr : l s p r r n s r r r p
i l oc s i l r i l ci n r l i c l c 6 r r tribtrgrilcl)c crrc lc ldrrc clc ll indcxrrlpitrricil)alrii.
I ln prrnctrrjtlc glse re;;rc_
zintil ccl nririin:rlt grrrtldc intcrc:ssi rlc actil,itrrrcpoliticrl,iar rrrr
zcrq
Jrrrnr.raj
scrnltillcl o intli{c'rcn1Iill)roltl)cc6rrrplctil.

(ittpul r/ctonltnl
,,Oc crcdcli t:?lestemni important- un pre$edintecaresAfic c:rplbil sJ se
tlcscrrrceirr ncttralaconjrtnctttrlelrropeanlsittt ttn pregcdintec:rpalrilsil se
octrpc<lc prolllcmelc noastreeconomiceinternel"
credetictra fost lloosevelt- foartebrtn, lrun saurtrttl"
,,(lc lcl tlc 1'rregerlinte
pcntru
candideaz.tr
aveti (les^pre
faptul crtpresedintelelL<xrsevelt
,,Oc 1.>:lrerc
rrl trcilcir rnantlat- il aprobali,il dczaprobagisauacestlucrtt ntt contead pentru
d rrnrnelv<lrstrll?
"
,,(lc fcl dc prcaedintecredcti c, ar fi Willkie - foarte btrn, bun sau rrlu?"
,,l)acl ar l'rsrlalegegioa pre$edinteintrc un om care are cea mai mare expericrrlilin Kuvcrnxrcqi rrn alculcrt cea mai mare experiengrlin afaceri,pe care
l - a f il l c A c ? "

('lonslttriva iadauihr

J.l0 / tllaznis utu/ t'otultrr

Indcxul lccturii rcvistckrr irr tirrrJrtrlcutrpnrrici
Srrlricctra
r l l i r s ti r r t r c b a d
t c s p r cr r r t i l n u l t c l r r t i c o l cs p c c i l i < :rct l ) i l r u ticn r r r r r l c r c l e r c c c n t e n l c r c v i s t c l o rA
. c c s t i r r d c x c s t c l ) r r r ; i s i n r p l r ro c u : l n t i l i c i t r ca
ntttnilrttluidc urticoledcsprc prrlrlcrnc politicc pc caresrrbrcctula rfirnlat cd
l c - i rc i t i t .

llrdcxtrl lsclrrrii z.iurckrrirr tirnpul cnrrrpurrici

Intcrvicvatorii irrrinvestig.rtolriccirrrilcrJclcctrrrilalc srrtricclilorin cirz.ulz.irrclor.(liit dc dcs i-arrcitit ci pe dil'eritiiscrnnatari
ai rrrbricilordin zirrcle lrnle?
(litc articolc rlc prirnrl p'.rginJdcspre alcgcri..rrrrcclln()scut?Arr citit tlcspre
c()nArcscirrt.il.rc?(lrr cir a ft)strnili intcnsillcctrrrl z.iarclor.
cu atiit a lirst rnni
iuelt 5i scorulcxpttncrii le m'.rtcrialtrl
tlirr
z.iurc.
lxrlitic

I rrdcxul urrrr{ririi crn isiunilor rndioftrnice in tirnpul calnpzrrrici

' S t r b i c c l i i a tfto s ti r r t r c b l t i t l a c Jl s c u l t i r s c rrdl r s c t r r s t pr roi l i t i c cr r r t l i o f r r r r r lc' cl i .l r r
o l r l l t t t t tt r r p t t t t tt : r ip o z i t t vo r i < l <c: i t c o r i r r r tr i l s p r r nasf i r r r r t t i vA. r r r r r : rlio s t ,r l c
i l \ c t t ) c t l c r tc,h c s t i o t t e ti rt si t t p r li r r t c r c s t r l tnr ir r n i l l s t i r tl i r l l t l c n r : r t c r i r r l r rald i o lirnic rc[critor Lr congrcscgi dcsprc tliscrrrsrrrilc
politicc in gener:rl.I;iccarc
r a l s l ) l l t li sn t l i c i n d i l t c n t i aa c o r ( l r t :rlr n r r ni r i r t c r i rlrxl r l i t i cd i f r r z r tl a r l r l i o a c o r r r r i b t r i t l a u n p r r n c t r ri jn l l t : r l , , a s c u l t i i rri ni a t c r i l l c l opr o l i t i c i ir l c l l r a d i o " .

Irrdcxtrl cxprrnerii {cncrtlc lt cornrrrric..rrcrr

elcctornlrl
I n r l c x t r lc x p t t t t c r i ig c r t c r a l cc s t c t l o r t ro c r r n r r r l : rrrrci n d i c i k r rs l r c c i l i c pi c c r l r c
t-atn llciltuit cl sJ ar:lt:lnlntrrnlrrrldc rrticolc cititc in rcviste,nrilsrrrain cirrc
s - a t tc i t i t r r u r t c r i : r p
l co l i t i c cs r r t r : r l t5ct i r i< l i rzr i r r r cn, r r r n i l r rcr l e$ i i r is r r r<r l cr n : r t c rialc 1.loliticr:
asctlltrtclrrntrlio.ca gi rrrlsttr:r
in carcstrlricc;ri
au rrrntrlritbulctinclc
d c 5 c i r i .d i s c r r l i i l cl x r l i r i c c5 i i n t r r r n i r i l ep r r b l i c c (. ) m c d i c s i n r p l . Ja i n d i c i k r r
I r r a l is c p l r l t a g r r o d r ri sl r t l c x r rgl c n c r i r (l ' d r cl t c - ai r r t c r e s a t .
l)cntrtr lllrrrcrrilccs(()rin<lici.s-rtufirk'sitintrcb{ri tlc tinrrl:
Nlgionll.Jl{cprrblicrrni,( jonvcntil
..Ciit :r1icitrt tlcslrrc:lccastit(( lonvcngirr
N l t i o n l l : l I ) c r r r < x r : r t idn) z i l r c - f < n r t cp u l i n , l ) r r l i n d
, o i r rt i t l r r r i l es a r r l c l t r c l "
, , A t ic i t i ti r r . . . . . .( r c v i s t : r ) . . .r .l .c. s p r c . . . . . l "
crrrrirrnrlctlc 5ririrlilirz:rtt:h nrrlio- lrccvcrrt,rrcl,,( lit tlc tlcs rrscrrltrrli
z.ionalslrr rricioclltilil.)c olricci <lrrmncavoastrl
dcschitlctiradioul ll stiri, sarr
r tl t c i n e v r r"i
, , A l i u r r z i tr r r r l l i n d u - s cr c c c n t l : rr l t l i o r l c s t r r c . . . . . . ? "

I J'll

,,Atirrrrzitpccincva(rttties:rtrprictcni)clisctrtilltll)roblenledcltoliticrt
ultima rurll"
nrli()nrtliltlc cirtd trc-:tltl\'.l7.tlt
a linrrt tln discttrsl'r grrrr?"
cind
Willkie
,,1,-rrlivilzttt l)c
<leprinrl paginrllc-lli citit ieri in z'iarc?"
articole
acestc
.,1)cclre clttrtrc
politicc de ll ratli()irr tinrllul cllll[)rniilor clccto,.Ascrrlrirlidist.rrrsrrrile
rirlc:f<xrrtcdcs, citcrxlattr,f'Jrsau niciodrt"t?"
..(lrr cirte a1ivorbit lccent dcsPrepoliticanalirxrali?"
.'(jittIcrIcs<tlliSnrrilisivddrrcclila|i|m?AlitrrttrilritgijtrrnlIclctlcitctttillirrtil"
(satrprictcnii) dttnlnervtt:rstt:l
,,Desprecc disctltaiimri mtllt cu frmilia
clcsprccrtnrplnil clcctoraltrsaudesprerrlzboi?"
cotlltllllcarc a dez,villuitcl strllicctulcitisc sltttascttltasc
liiccarc r:Is[)uns
{ ir:ltilf
cirtc
at:ell
clrilc lxlliticc i-r acorclltaccstuierrn ptrnctajrtr:riinalt tlccit
exPtrttcrcit
li'l
1"ctlcaccst
llcesre$tiri.l)rttemdetcrminr in
c:l nrr il intcrcsuscr:l
rttgttst
in
pintr
nui
din
I prrblicrrluil)cnrnl tlorri perioatlellc catnpanici
rrrlr.t
gi <lrnscptclnlrricpirlit in noienrlrrie'

lrrclcxtrl cxptrrrcrii Jxrlitice subiective

intlcr)sct)illliltcfi:ll l)r()l)i'lAccst indcx trclrurcs:Irrrtiiccdacl sttbiccttrlI trrnrdrir
indcx'.rlirstncccsar
accstttr
lrentrttsc<4rurilc
satrtlemrrcrat.
rcl)rrl)lican
grrnclistic
al
rirdiilte $i articolclofcitite in
srl studrcrn colrlirlurulpolitic al cliscursttrilor
z.i',rre
si revistc.
trtatci s-r ncortlat- arbitrar- tln l)tlllctnjPoz'itivpcntrtl ficcrttc
Strl;icctrrlrri
nratcltccrre
pentrtt
pc rcltulrlit.rni gi rrn prtrrr:trinct{:rtiv
rirl cilrc i-..r[..r!oriz.l\t
de-llc lrti l{txrscvclt
rirrlrlcrtrrrcmtcitit sarrascult:rt.[)irc'Jlsctrltasctliscttrsttri
l)enlklf(r'tttt ziitr satl
Nta'
politicn
srrrrwrrll..rcesrrrrlckcs, citise irrticolelJtrtllntl
l)ctlloNaliorrrrlir
oonvcntia
dcspre
saucirise
o rcvistalsrrrrI rclltttrtcl asctrltasc
irltrl
pe
de
[)acl'
lxrtc'
dcmtrcrlt
fic
si
cr'.rtil,l)tntctil.irrllrti gcrrcrrl tindea
c
<
l
i
t
o
r
i
a
l
c
ltet t t t t l
t
;
i
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,
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,
c
w
i
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,
p
e
s
a
u
John
s r r l ) i c c r ui il a s c r r l t a spee w i l l k i e
tttt
(llngresrrl
ttvcrt
cl
Rcprrblicln,
desprc
zicr rcPrrtrliclnsxucitise5i ascultrse
accstor
tll[urol
in.,ttnar"a
repulllican:I.
.
rendinpl
l).ncr..rj'ozirir,, indicin4
prrnctrjedivulgircttloarclpolitic,Iaintcrestrlrtimlnifcstaidesrrbicct.
Accst itltlcx l ft)stx|c,Jtrlitsel)aritl)entrll |jecaredintre |)rincil)llc|cllcrr(intrc lrrtrilc rrrrrrlr
0 tlatd pentru perio'.tthc<tngrcscl<tr
o:Klc llc cllurPatriei:
s
c
P
t
c
t
n
l
l
r
i
c
t
t
o
i
c
l
t
t
l
tlic'
p
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r
i
o
:
l
d
l
: r r r g r r s5t )i t l i r l t l o t rP c t t t r r t

]J/

/ tllrrari-sntu/ tnhthi

Indcxrrl acordrrlrricrr argulncnte lc celor tlotrri prlrfi

i n i r r t c r v l r rtll i t t t r c ( o t t t l r r i lcl ,c c : r r cs u b i c c t l r c s t i o r r l r tr l i r s ti r r r r c l l r t l : r c icl s t c
d c : t c o r tcl t t t t r t r t l t o r t r c (l c) l ) ti r r g u n r c n ( cl l,r< r r t l i l r cz:irl c i p c i t t r r n c i i rcr i r t l p l y r i c
, , 1 { r x r s c v c l t ; ro
r cr r i l r c c l t r r s l l r Jo, r } l ; r r cc r p i r c i t l t cr r c r r r r r n c 5
l i o iltclig c n l i la s c u l l t l . ' (
,,lVillkrc cstc un orn tlirrtr-rrrrorr5cl dc l)rovincrc,cilrc s-a rcllizilt
l)rin
l i r r l c 1 l r . I r i i 5 i ; i - r rc . r r s t r u i tr r n r l r u r nc l r r r o r i tgi cr n i r r r r rsi: I r irr r i r l r r t . c r i , , ,
',willkic cstc rvocat intr-o corpor;rlici;i va lrrvoriz.rr
cxclrrsiv rrrarrlc
cr.rrnplrrii.
"
Nao Dca/ir intcrferatprea nrult crr alacerileprivace.,,
,,1)olitrc:r
,,l{urscvcltgrillciitc intr:rrealJrii intr-un'rdzb.iimllotriva restuluilrrmii.,.
',Nrr ar trclrrri si rupcm crt tr:rdipiadcnrrrcmticirale,{en(lrrn llrci;cdintc
p c n t n r u n a l t r c i l c an r l n d : r t . "
, , ( - l r lrL < x r s c v cPl tr c s c r l i n r c , . s t l r c lLcJ n i t cs r r n tn r i r il ) u l i n d i s i r ) l r sscr d c .
i n : r p < irni f a l al r r i I l i r l c r . "
,,Willkic va crctrc prorluc;il incrrrrrjiintl:rlirccri
1c.,,
DlcI trn alcg:ltora ftrsttlc ac<rrdcrr lln xrguntcntcarc slslincil t:tltllralrrr
; ; i s ^ ar r l ) r ritr r t l c z r r c o rcdt r u n : r l t u l s r r : i l i n i n ( l l l -Pt c a ( l v c r s : r rii<i l c o l o g i cci ,l r r
p r i r r r i tr t n p r r n c t : rt jl c + l , I ) i r c r rl r r r i rl i r s tr l c u c o r <cl u p r o p r i r r _: ri l l u r r ) c t ritd c ( ) .
Ioliicsitttrrlirstdc acottlcu urr rrAunrcnral lclvcrsrrrilor,
cl I prirlit -1. lrrrJcciz.irr
astll)rrlorlcJrtltatgttntcntil li)stl)ttnc(iltllcu /cro. Astfcl, liccurcstrIicct a
l)rr1tt
li lrtrnctrt.lcorcric.intre +tJ;i -ft. Cei Z5To{l.atriinrcortl total sarraproaPctotll
ctr (:rlrJrrkrr atr rvur prrncrajcinrrc +(r9i +tt.oci 35vodc srrbiec;imai lipsiridc
cnltrz-iasrtr
lrr :tcurrrrrl;tt
l)unctijc intrc + | 5i -.5.

I,ldittrr:r(lonrrtniclre.roolcril cititorilor prinra vcrsitttte

in limba romind n ttnci'.ttlintrs cclc ltrci inrlx)rtantc
Itrcrlri tfin istoria strrditrlrticomrrnicilrii- Pruplt's
Ohoirzde l)aul l,azarsl'eld,llcrnrrd llcrelson 9i I'laz'cl
(iaudet. Volunrul se inscrieintr-ttn aclcvilratprogrrm
rle tradttceridin ltrcrdriclasice,ctl scoPtllexpres(le
rr-injrrtal)e sllrdcnfi9i pe toli cci ilrtcrcsilli.din ce in
cc nlili llltmcro$i.str cttntllscitistoril - sctlrtl, (lnr
f<rrlnezetr
tumulttioasl - a stiinteiconlllnicllrii's'tr-9i
solid{ ctrltur?tde specialitate'in coleclia intitrrlattr
chiar ..Culturacomtlnicilrii"atr apdrtlt p0nI in prezcnt cArli fundamentalede h)rving()offrnan, l'ldrvrtrd
1,. llcrnaysslu lttctlrcl ntt nrai pttlin ctlnosctltila lttl
(
Ii Ii sabeth N oeIIe-N c rrrn ann,,\pi m ln Irtr rii' )i m p rIe
ccrcctirrcnott in llornlrtiit,conrttniclrcnarc ttevolc
vitrrll dc imbogrllirer rcgistruluis:Itttcorctic,tlc cttnoa$terc;irccttpcrarca cceilce cvolrrlil clonreniultti
ne prol)unedregrrrchiz.ilieclurrbilr. ln lag:rrrtlortendingeevoltrtivecrrc se flnllnll lltl ntli lltrlin sJ)cctirculolse,intolrcereala rtddcini,la origirri,cllnoa$tcrea
in evolrtlia
careatt marcrtadevdratejnlo'.rne
Iucrtrrilor
r^trrdiultricornttnicdriinu p()t dccit str fccttntlcz'e
efortul de cercctnrcactttll, sr-i conferc mai mrrltrl
consistcntl9i,in nntrmitcprivinlc, clrirr sr\-lghitlczc'
Mecanknul ttotulai rcprct'intit o contribrtlie dc
intenleiaz'ilo
grrinritm?lrimelrr stttditrlcomtrrricalrii,
l)ostfa!rl

nourlparadigmdde cercctarc5i interprctarer ncesteil.

rlcschicleo alti pcrsPcctivl de inlclcgcrc it pr<rccsttlrti

2.14 / ,llettni.tutn/ volnlui

t l c c o t t t t t t t i c l t r lc).t t t c t t t\ l ) u r r cc l l r c l ) r c r i n t iul n l ) r r n c tt t < x l r irtl r c v o l u t i l c c r c c t ; l r i ir i g r r r o : r s: crt o r r r r r r r i c i i rt il ir,: o p o t r i vlll r i n r n c t o t l o k r g i;ci ; t r i r rr c z t r l t : r t cN. r r
v ( ) l l l l ) l l t c i li t t l c l c g cl r c c s t cc 0 n t r r b i l t rli: l r I t l i r v c i il n v c < l c r c[ i r r r n l l i : nt t r t o r t r l r r i
p r i r r c i l r r rl ll l r r c r J r r-i l ) u r r ll , u z . : r r s l c-k,l c o r r s i t l c r :cl tc l n t r i a n l i c a rs i c c l n r r r r
inova(iv ccrccti\!()rin tlorncnitrlconrrrniclriisorillc

l ) : t t t ll , r t z . r t r r l c ol <l lll i r r ch 2 , 1< l ci l n i ( l ( ( r ( ) r i r ( tirnl n l r l ( c r n x ( i (l.r:rII l n i v c r s i t : r t c a

d i r t V t c r t a I. t r c l i J t i r c :i tr t u c c i t s t <
l Ic l t r r r
i l l i s c i p l i r vr r: lrl i r l c o i r r r l l o r r : r r rgl r rI r c i : r p
rtgttrozitltc:tctt clltc vlt ulrortlltproblcnrclcmetotlologiccalc ccrcctllriisrrcilrlc.
l , < r c t t i c 5 tl cr rV i c n r rp i n l l l 3 0 t l c r r n i .A t r n o s l c r o
a r a g r r l rdr i r r p c r i o r d r irn t c r b c lrcrl,,,rrrrrtrltcstcctlc politic:I,trt:trxisrrr
psilrrrr:rliz;I".
ii irrllrrcntc:rzl
tlczvoltirrcu
tri
irrtcfcctrrrrl;1,
tlrrP.lpropriilc rlcclrrrllri(,,'.llvcrctt l{ogcrs,tl l!istot.t'of (,lonmunirrtiot,\ltu/v. t\ Iliopnplial Appruar/r,Nov York, l;rcc I)rcss,1t.2,19).
in 193.1,
in
Unitc
Stutclc
ctr
o
brrrsrl
oli'rirrt
dc
l;undllil
ltrrkcftllcr.
IJtrrsacrt
I)lcacil
rrn lcl dc consollrc [)cntru [dl)tul cJ ntr [uscsel)rornovatpe linic acatlcmicilir
Llnivcrsitltcu din \/icnl, dltoritil originii salcscrrlirc(rnaitiirziu,l,:rz:rrsltltlva
gltrtni ;lllr l)c scrlrnrraccstuilrrcru,sprrrrirrr.l
c:I,dirci ar li lirst l)ronlov.rt,[)robrrbil si-lr li g;lsit:;firgitulintr-o cilrtrcr:ltlc 11:rzare).
l l r t t n o t t t c t t ti t n l r o r t i t n ti l c o r r s t i t u i cl r l i l i c r c l l : r l l i r o u l t l c ( j c r c c t u r cu
l l a d i < r r r l t rci r, c l t i n 1 9 . 1 7i n c l d r r r l L l n i v c r s i t r t lIi)i r i n c e t o nl.) i r r t r e r c z r r l t a t e l c
activitltii tlc ccrcctlrc dcsfJ5rrrate
lr accstinstitutsc rcnlrrrcrl:rnalizrr
scriulclor
r a d i o l i r n i c ci n t r c P r i n s dd c l - i c r r a l l c r r z . l g ,s r r r d i i l el r r i ( l i r n t r i l c r r P r i v i r c l a
'l'h.
dc cnrisirrncalrri I l.Ci.Wclls Rrizhoiu/
luuilor. srrrtliilclrri
lunic:r lrrrrvrrclt:I
A t l o r t t r rc r t p r i v i r c l a t l r l c r c n l c l ct l i n ( r c r r r r r z i cc; r r l t l 5 i r r r r r z i crrrrs o ; r r rulr, l r l i z u
c o n r p ; r r : r t i r l' l;cl c r l r co i n t r c p r i r r r l cl , . r z l r s l t l t lc r r y l r i v i r cI , r t l i l c r c r r t c l ci r r r r c
rcccl)tarcatttttri trtcsajscris5i a tttttrirrr;rclioforric.
llirorrl sc vil ntut{lirr 19.19lrr
flntvcrsitatcit (irlrrrnlria 9i v:r primi tlcnrrrrrirc:r
dc lliroul pcntrrr (icrcctrrrc
S<rciirlit
Aplicarrt('l'hc lltrrcirrrof Applicd Srrcirlll.cscerr.h).
rlcprrnc,
l,.rz;rrslcl<l
i n : r c c : r s t ipl c r r o ; r r l ic, f i r r t r r rci o n s i c l c r ; r l r ti l c c r r n s t r u r : 1i ri cr s r i r t r l i o r r a l r c, ;ri ro
rnrxlrlitirtetlc I rlolriirrrliprcstigiu,dc a dcpl;;i stlrrrttrl<lc ilnigrrrnr.
L J r r r rcl l i r r t r cn t r r r i l cm c r i t c : r l c s u l c c : i ( cc d a r c u s i t s : l s t e x r g l g r : r n i t c l e
clintrc oricrrtirrcrr
irt:rdcrrrrcil,
lir:llizrrtJcxclusivpc tcoric, pc cerceturc.si intcrcsttl pr:rctical rrtlntirristr'.r1ici
sarrirl conrprrniilor
A lrrnslttcrnrcrrtrldc
1;rrvatc.
,,ccrcctilrcrrtlrninistrrtivil".prin carc irrlclcgcl ccrcctJrcilcrngriricrl,
irrili:rrrlc:r
r:lsl)tttlslrt o lrrltrtirttrucglrrblic:t,
l;ro soliciturca guvernrrlrrisrrrr.l orgrrrriz.:rliilor
rlrcdi:r.[)in lcclt\(il cillrlll ;l lirstrlcscoritriticat rlc corrrrrni(rrtclr
ac:r<lcrrrit
r\,rrtlri
: r l c sd c c i l t r ct t n i i s r x t o l o gci i t r cc o n s i r l c r : tcrIr < l i s c r J r l itnr :crl r r r i e ; i r r r r rt rl c' ll l r r t c
tlc ltracticl. ()ricntcaz.:l
ccrcctilrcirconrrrnic'Jrii
dc rnlsJ c:ltrestrrtlirrlcl'cctelgr
;;i cstc ctlnsitlcrut pcrsortllitirtcrrcarc nr:rrchcazlttcccrcil dc lil ccrcctlrcu

l\trrltti

I J.)5

rlircct
filirntrplticcl, ccr(ctiltC:lstllicitirtltlc org:rrliZ.:rtii
fi1:rntatr\clc 6rArrrrizrrtii
(lc ptrblit:itrttc,
r
t
g
c
l
l
l
i
i
t
t
r
i
t
s
r
l
,
t
l
c
c
o
m
r
r
n
i
t
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i
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r
t
l
r
r
s
t
r
i
a
i r r r t : r c s r rrrlcc r c z r r l t l t c :
..ll,,ct1!ii
tlnitc, sinrlic:rtc.A irrcittrolttl tl"^
(lc rlrrrkcting,adrninisrraliir
st..rtcfttr
dirr $tirntclcstrcialc(dotttinatriitt
crtropc!nl
rborduren
tlc lcgrlttrrlintrc
l.rtrrrrc
spccrrlltivc)
5i troilc tcrltlitrlc c:lIc sc
llftrsofice
rlccrl!,rcnrc {c tlcnrcrsttri
9i
prxgltl:ltlc:I,ccrcctllrcl
(bchnviotistiltll,
llxrrtl:trca
niIStcxilin Sturelc tlnitc
cxnt it:ltivll).
()pcr:r 5i lcri\.itittc:l5riinlificI a lrri l)ntrl l,:rz:rrs[clds-:ttt lrtttttrrtttlc o
tlisrirrs.J
lprccicrc clrirrrrlin tirnprrlyielii srrle.A lirstllcs prcgctlintcrrlAsrxillicr
Anrcricarrcpcrrtrrrocrcetareaopiniei l)rrblice (1949-19.50)$i rl As<x'iIlici
Arrrcricarrcdc Srri6|rg,ic(196t-l(XrZ),nrenrfirttrrl Acir<lenriciNltir;tr:rlc tlc
Nrlion'.rledc $tiinle A prinrit titlttri on<xilltc tlc l:r
l'l<lrrcrrric
si rl Acrrclcrnici
( ltrivcrsitrttca
tlirr Ohicago,in l9({r, dc la tlrrivcrsit'rtcr(irltlrul)irr'in l()70'tlc
l r r U n i v c r s i t r t c rdr i n V i c n r r i, n 1 9 7 1 ,$ i d c h s o r l r o n r ti,n 1 9 7 2 ,l i i r r t l p r i r n r r l
$tiirrlificl.s-l
sociologarncriclrnctrc s-irltucrrratdc o ascmcncarccllnox$tcrr:
stirrsdin viag:Ilrr30 lrrgrrst197(r.

S l : i r 5 i t t rtll t : < c t r i t t l r t i :l t)li l t l l l l c l n l s c c 6 l t t l t t ir c c l t tc r r tt l o t l i t l : t tt l c t t c v r t i lttl c

t l o t t ; tr t
, , 1 : t p r 5c i i t ( . l i g l r i "o. r r r r rr c r r r i r r cl n) ; r t rl , r r z . r r s l t l it1l l ) r t : l u 1 lr1 c r l i t i , r: t
prlvintl
lrt
specrrl:r1ii
de
sil
ptltc{rl
ntt
l<:tittncl
i
llpt:r
lrrr.rlriiclcf11rt.
f
lx)rncilscil
(('t(ctiri $i
so
..1irtrtr:1
" c i c t : i t i cr ,i < l cl a r c T , t l l t i l t Crl cl r o rc X p c r i t t t C t t tlcl c, t l t ) r ) r
dc coluturrcruccste rcch cI s-a itxrtt tlc
itrvcstig..rlii.lr,lcritul 5c0lii ..rrDericanc
l:r itrceltrrtl)c (.crcctilri5i eXpcrinrentc,crtrefic all (cl)rcZclltatprr5iin tlirccti,t
(l:rrl
r l c s ; r r i r r t l c rrilic t c o r i i t : r t o t l ) t t t e l n i cpi cr ci s c i( c : t z t tcl c r c c t i l r i l oir l i l i r t t cr l t :
cstlli
itlll)rl(:t
l f ,rr'l:rtttl),fic 'ttt ittrtttgttrrao t,ottdpamr/iyntl d. ittktPftlott 11r(
(c:rzrrllrri l)rrrrll,az:trsl'cltl).
Ihrstrltivl pcntrttprtgmltisntttlclrc I ghitlrrtdctttcrsrrrilc dc ilvcstig:ttc srrilll estc c|i'Jt ccrcct:lrcrtitltrcprinsiltlc c{trc l)rrrtl
l,rrz:rrslcftf clrc va intcntcia parar/ipnarfntclorlinitttcitt conrtlllicrlre'Jtlc nllsil'
ritdio[trtticcPritt t:ttc
l)roicct:rtrll)cntnr ll cvulrrainrpirctrrlttrtorc:nrisitttri
politicilc
popttlariz.czc
sil
i5i
al Agricrrlttrrii lrr<rprrncl
I )cpitrtltttcttttrlitrttcricrrtt
a tlcvcnir l)c l)rlrcllrscll t()ttllelltc(:vil.
lcrlcralcirr rirrtlrrlfcrrlicrilor,ccrcctrrrcrr
ntl i-a li)st lirrrrtccl'.rrcttll\ s-"1
lrri
l,'.rz.rrrsfcld
l)otrivit lrri livcrctt lltrgcrs,niei
tlirr
rrl ltlcgcrilorPrczi<lc:trti'.rlc
stuclitt
intr-trn
trirlsfortlrlr o xsrf'cl{c irrtcrrlic
ccrt:cdc
.tccca,
prcsci;
iltotl)lltcrniciei
pcrccl)lia
1940.l)onrinrult:Iin el)(ril erir
tlovczi irlc ttnci ittlltlcn[c <lircttc, inrctli,rtc,rr
tlt6rii sc l$tcl,txll srl grlscirscrl
vcllci.tttill cotttr;tprrrssrncrlia:rsrt[)r:r
ttc vot. l)csc<tltcririlc
corlrlx)rtxmcntultri
tliltic crr tot cccrlc(:sc stiil pinl atrrnci.l'llc rclcvurrcl pcrstxttrclcsi grrrprrrilc
nlcdi;1,cr] tttrtss
dcsprecatrtlt:tnicrtlt'rirt:de tt-tltss
s<tcitlcsrltrtrrt:l irr[rrrrrr:rliilc
rrrccfirr nrr rcu$cscsuIlrtingl'ldccit /n nundr n/n.r lt'fx',vtllte, t'rl ttlccrtttisttrttltlc
irrllrrcllrrrc i.lcot.llxlrt.rltlentului cstc nrlt r/ifrit tlc ccc:l cc sc $tirlllill:l lltllrtci.

/.J0 / tllertni.snul vorului

[)trp:Icrttttdccl;rr:lchi:rr:ttttorii,srtlriccttrl
etlrliiil rcprcz.intil
opinirrptrblic{.
(ict:rtcc lt<lttccnott lttcrlrcacstc
dc irrvcstiglre.(ltt o irrlrricrrctlisil)crsl)cctivlr
tt)ltl;ltil,ci cottst:ttilirtrllrcsi:t
lrrrgrrlspilrrrlitl;l<xrivit
cilrci:ra irrvcstigrr
irrsctrrrrrul
,,etlcscrict c crctloutttcttiidcsprco :lscnrcncir
prolllcrnil"- dcci ccclrcc nunlinl
astil/.is()n(liljclctlc ogrttricciltc coltstltrl rnodrtl cttnt sc nrportcrzllntcrnl)rii
urrci c()nrrrnitllilir un [cnorncn sirualtrrl.Lrrcrrrc'.rtlc lhtrtgintcptcrltccvrr,gi
r r i c r< l c s c i l i : i r r r r r u lt l i r r r c s r r r t r r r i lncr r r t l c r n i t d tpi ii r < : t u r r l i r r tsl irir l c .l , l r rc c r c c tcuz.n
: l r r x J . r l i t i l l i lrcrc l r c . , s c l i r r r r c r r zoi p i r r i i l ci r r s c 5 i " , , , l i r r n r i r rsccr rh,i n r l l r r r c r r
pi tfcz.vrrltlrclolrirrici prrlrlrcc".Arrtorir ytrccir.cnt.zr
lirupcrJc:,,nu iurr tlcscris
oPirriuprrlrlrcil,cr urrr strrdiat-<l
in llrtrccstrlfrrrrrrJriici". L)coscbircrrftrlll dc
ccrcct:lrilctlc lrirul ltrrrrcicstc cvidcntl.

itt c,rtttitrtr;trc,
vont sitttctiz-rt
cirtcvirtlirrrrccontribrrliilclucrJriidc lirlll,1;rirrcrrrc
riltttittc atit tlc acttt;tlil,
cltilr tlrtcilcxpcrirncntulrlc la carc u porrrita tirstirrtrcl)rltrsitcttnlllcstc (rOclc ittti,irrtr-ttnc()ntcxtcu t()tul tlifcricdc ccl tlc rrstrtzi.
I)rrpil t4rinilrrlt)ilstril,
rillriinc dc tnarc:rctulrlitatc
corelllia pc carc autorii
o stabilcscintrc stirtutrrlstrciirlal llcgrrorrrlui p-ioP;irrncl sl dc vot. Aspcct
rsttprr cilrttirts-rtinsistlt tnai l)ulin. Ohiur <lrrcil
astalzicl ne rtl)urernri ntrirrrlrrt.
cltilr tllcrl ()l!littttcJ(lc \'ot cstc irrllucrrlrrtJ
tlc
llti frrctoricurc ult crcscgtirl
si
itlllx,rtiltlll (ctttttcstc,tlc pikl:t,ttrtssnrctlil),rccxstrlcorcl:tlicrrr:rrrilcsrl
t1r grrrrl
d c P c r c n i t a t cr c l n l r c a l l i l A
. l t n r i r r t c r in, u n c l ) l l t c l n c x P l i c ad e c c r c o l o u n d e
cstc silr;lcictlonrinJ irl)roilpcintotdcrrrrnastingu sau tle cc libcralisrnulori
uonscrvilt{)risttrrrl
sttlrtasrrcirttc
cu o starctlc 1'rrospcritate,
ctr standardcmttcr i i r l cr r l r i r i < l i c l r t:cr l cp c r s r n l t c l r lsrl r ug r r r p t r r i l o r .
ocrcct'.ltoriiirrrrtlcrrtilicrrt
o scric tlc vrrri,.r[rilc
5i ,,corclrrliicxtcriortc", t:rr
o llllrc inllxtrtilnlllitt tlcciz.irr
rlc vot, drrrc0rc itrro exisrcnpdintlcpcrulcrrtil{c
c;tntlxnia clcctrrrrtlil,
clccalitatcl ci. l,lstccccl.lcc l,azarsfcldgi colalxrritrgrii
sili
:rtt ntrnrit irrdcxulPrcdispoz.ilici
politicc (lPIt). l.ll rcprcz.int:I
un gcn dc T.estrc
srrci:rliI,
5t crrlturllrtclt citrcorrncnii virr in cirnrplrric.
lrsilrologicil
.S-aobscrvlt cil votttlcstc inlltrcn;lrttlc nrai nrrrltcvarilrlrilc:stltrrtrrls<rciocconornic,llilicrce rr:ligirxrsil,
rcz.idcnla(rural:lsrrtrrrr[l1iI). r,irste clcct6rartrlrri.intrc ilccstclt,srlttrtttlsrrro-ccorronric
arc rolul csclrli;ll.in c,rz.rrl
dc firtI,
pcrsornclc nrai llog:rtcnrrrnifcstirrr
prcfcrinlc viz.ibilcpcrrtnr rcprrblicani,i:rr
cclc crr p<rzilicsocillJ nrli modcsti, Jrcnrrrrdcrnocrali.I)rorcstanliiirrclin:rrr
sprc rcprrblicirni,in tinrp cc crrr0licii,sprc dcrn<rcra1i.
Ll fcl, pcrsoant:lcclrc
krcttiltttitr rnctlirtlrrrrll i5i cxpriltt:tttprcfcrirrlat'u prccrlrlcrcc;Itrcrcprrllliclni,
ilr tinrp cc lrrrritorriorir5clor,
c:ltrcdcrn<rcmgi.
Vlirstl jrrcai;i crt rrn rol - tilcrii
prcltrintlrr-i pc clcnrocrlli.irr cci nr:riirt viirstd,pc rcprrblicirni.
liirc$rcc:l in cadrrrlilccsrorcrrcgoriicxisrildcoscbiri.t)c pild;I,tincrii protcstilllticrltt ntrtiltrrlirrrcpublrcrrrti
dccit pr()tcstanlii
in viirstii.ilr tirrcriic:rtolici

Postlald / 237
opozili'.t,
rnrriprrlirr <lcrrrocrllidcc'it catoliciiin virsti (in general,tincrii 1;rel'errl
pozitic).Indexrrlerrcinstro vnloirreorienirrrli{trcntcc purtid sc allil in .rce:rst.l
rxtivilccr(I 5i rrc poutcinclicao clircclicu intcnliilor<ler,ot.lrrs:llttcrttrilc<levin
dc
nrrriconrplir:rrtc
rtrrnciclnd intcrvin discordrnle9i conllicceirrtre vrri'.rbile:
piltl:tc,rtolic,d'rr cu statuteconomicfoartebun; protestatrt,drr crr strtrrtsocial
rnri rrrotfcst. Apare in acest caz ceea ce autorii numesc przsiancaanflirtuald,
Lctnrl1lc cllrc \/orn irrccrcRsi o discutilnrdc sine stl(iltor.
Ar lnrrili rlc rncn;ionardottrlaspcctecarcni se par denrnc de rclilrttt.I)acrl
rrtrtlltcc o icntrlriel irnportanlciacestorvari'lbilc,ce:t clrc exprirni statttsttl
socio-ccorrorniccstc cu deoscbirc rclevantl. Politiccatc, o l)crsornl exprinrtr
pozititlsocirld,
uccuce cstc cil, in f'.rpt,in viapl socirll. Condiliilc dc existentr:I,
irl):rrtcncnlir
la rrrrgrrrpsarrla o clasdm<delcaz;I
<rrnrrrtritl psihologiccomunl
sau firartc 1rIr()l)iin'I,l'r.orfucv.traborddriirrruditc, interPrctrlrigi rlez.lcgrlriascrrlln:Itrrarc.l'c :rcesthaclgmundexistenlirl comull sau lscm:Inltor ll)rrr opliuni
sociulc
5i oricntrlripoliticesirnillre.Dupil crrnrobscrvllautorii,,,caracteristicilc
clcterrrri
nJ pref'crinl.rpoliticd".
in al dr>ilczr
rind, indicelede selectivitatefrrlt de mcsajclcmijkracelordc
crrmunic'.rrc,
cn pi lirl'I de alte tipuri de mesaje,variarAin funcgiede intensitrttcrtprcrlispozilicrlxlliticc, L)actravcm dc-l f}t:ecrt o prcdispozilicprrtcrnicil,
irr ulli tcrrrrcni,crr rr corrvirrgcrcbinc consolirl'ltil,sclcctivit.rtcacstc sc\/cril.
[]crsolnu sltttpcrsrxrnclcrcspcctivesturt fonrtcl)uIin ,,ltinsc" rlc altc rncsajc
dcciit cclc clrc corcspundpropriilorconvingeri.De aceca,pi 1;osibilitlrcudc
schirtrbarccstc nrinim{. Asemcneal)ersoane
iesdin campaniecrrconvingcreir
cu care arrirrtrat.E,ventualcu o convingcreconsolidatJ,
in urma pr(&-esului
dc
s c l c tl i c : r r r c s i r j c k rtrl c c a r ca r nu m i n t i t .
politice se leagil5i problcma stabilitlfii convingcrikrr.
[)c prcdispoz.igiilc
l)ersoanclccarc au 0lc'Ituite$antionulstudiatau avut doul tiptrri de ntanifest:lri: trnele nu 5i-rrr schimbatopinia pe ltarcursulcrcettrrilor.
iar altclc 5i-arr
schirnba!opinirrin diversemodtrri;dintre lcestel din rrrrnil,unelc arrprel'ertt
pintr lrrslirgitrrlclrnpnrrici5i,in sliirgit,
r'clillrrltprrrtid,rltclc 5i-attrrmilnatclcciz.irr
tltc pcrsrr:rrrc
irrrdccllra! ctl s-rrrdcciscrr cirrcsrlvotcz,e,dar ntr s-arrl)rz.cntilt
lir vot. in nrocllircsc,cercctiltoriigi-aufu:aliz:rtltcnti{ aslll)rilsrrbicc;ilorclrc
rccstci
5i-:rrrschintb:rtopinirr,incercdndsdidentificenrotivelc;;icircurnstanlcle
schi nrlxlri.
itr ,.c.r contcxt! arrtorii intrtxluc nogiulrcatlc reoricntlre (htnrotxr), cue
rilrlsoirrrl
schinrll:Irilcce survin ln intcntiile, x$tcl)ti'lrile$i c()lllportamcntill
pcrsourrclor.I')steo nogittnec<lnsidcratrl
lirndlrnrcntlll l]entnt ccrce(urciropirrrci.Ihci rc(]rientarcleste marerattrncisc poatc rlcdrrcccd <l;rinixsilu c()ntportlrtrcnttrl:ilrnt instabile.L)acd,dirnpotrivtr,prclhccrilcirr cldrul opinici gi
(()r'r)lx)rtirnlcntrrlrri
srrntrcdusc,atrrnciinscanrnicd tvcm dc-t facccu :ltitrrdini

---------......----

J,lti / tllratisuu/

volttlui

const:rntc.(lcrcct:rrc:r1rscoslil lunrinl lirprrrlc:l atitrrdinilc1t<rlitice

<lovcclcsc
o
stalrilitrtc rcnt;rrculril:l
5i. oricrrnr,nrili lllirrc <leciirsc crcdcrr.Srrrrtlrai ntrrlli
{ircroricarc cxplic.l o'.1\cr)lclrcilL()rlstxnlil:
gr;rtlrrlrle intcrcs, poz.ili;rsrrcillil,
cotrtrtrfttf cxcrcitat <legrrtp. Aut<lrii vorbcscchiirr dc <tit'rairic a stnlilitritii, cl.re
:lrirtilcil in 1xolylg11yg1c
frrrrclamcntrlcopiniilc sunt miri stabile,in tirnp cc in
cclc s1'rcciliccclc se adlptcilzd tnti rcl)cdc, in 1'rrnc;iede circunrstanrcsi
cvitlrrilrtlrcrsOtr:rlc.

l,ttct:trcadc lltlI llroicctcirzll,rlc,.lscnlcncrt,

o lrrrninl rnai rclrlisti\i;i rnui rrrnrrr .s r r p r ad i n a r r r i c iirn r c r n cl l o r i c J r u rt i p d c c o r r l r r r n t a r c
latJ lsul)ra:rlcgcrrloa
clcetr>r:rlil,
asul)rillllr)r tcndinlc cars sc nlitnilcstill)c parcursrrlunrriascmcncit
in t.:rrc
l)r(xics.(jcrcctirrc:rintrcprinsll <lc lttrtori a cvidcnti:rt trci pcrio:r<lr:
v()titlllitsc tlccitl grccittc sJ rlcrgl. () prrtc lrtcuccstlrrcrrrinaintc rlc irrcr:Jrcrcrr
t ; t t t r l x t t t i c i: ,r l 1 iirr r p r i r r t rpr : r r t c5 i ,i r r s l i r s i t ,c c i l r r l liir r u l t i n t : rl ) i t r t c : cr r r r l p r r r r r c i .
(-lc atrtttttctlctcrtttirrilrnonlcnt.ulin crrc runrcnii sc hotlrilsccu cirte \()tcazlli
l)oi fact<rriprincipirli:garlul hr r/eintera l'.,tl,l
de prr^*esrrlclcctor..rlSiprtsiunilc
itrcrttcig:rl.c
s'.lrron/it.fua/c la carc srrnt srrpupi.Ambii lactori ni se pir import:lnti. 11icaprlt:Irclcvrnlrl 5i pcnrrrrcJ nc ajurdsil nc rcl)rcz.ent.Jm
mai binc in
cc l)r()lxlrlicl)ot fi inflllcl)[rte 5i st:hinrb:rtc
opiniilc Aicomporrarncntclcinrr-()
c a r r t g r e r r5i ci c i n c i r r r r r n rpco i r t cl i i n f l r r c r r l aats t f c l .
lntcresrrl mrnifcstat htd tlc c:rnrpanicare un rol ft):lttc inlportilnt in
c()nl[)()rtrnrcrrtrrl
alcgJrorrrlui.(]rr ciit cste nlai intcrcsatrlc llcgcri, cu aret cl
sc tlcci<lc nr:ti tlcvrctnc ctt cinc vu votil. Aproxinrrtiv dorrl trcirrrirlintre cci
cilrc iltl tnlrrilcst:lttln ttlilrc intcrcs in lcgiltrrr:lctt t'nrrrlxrnils-trrtclccisinaintc
tlc ltrrlr rrrui,tlcci irrrrintcdc iltccJrcrcaclrrnpanrciproprirr-zisc,
in tinrl'lcc lrtat
un irrtcrc:*icJlutarr lrrlt dcciz.i:r
in
Pltlin (lc jtrnl:ltiltcrlin cci crrrctrt:rnilcstrrrr
acccrtsipcriortrll.I )rrc:llitaliz;trIl atcnlirlrrsrrpra
rrltirlci lrcrilirdc I carrrpanici,
l r t c r t r r i l c: r p l r l : r f c l t l c s c r n n i f i c : r t i v cr r: u r n l i( ) o l ) t i n l cd i n c c i c r r i r r t c r c sn r : r r c
sc tlccicl in rrltirnclcz.ilc,in tirnp cc qlrrrcntrrlcstc tlc dorrilrrri llri ntrrrcirr
rintlttl cclrlrctt itttcrcsscllz.ut.
in grrrprrlpcrsoanckrr
curc rnirnifcst..l
lll irltcrcs
(listirlg(:
sc
cclc,,lilartc
dc
l)rcgflant. l)()t
I)rc()cul):rtc" cvolrrtilr,dc soartuclrnclrtllrttrlrril)rcltrJt. l)c obicci,'.lccstcl)crsoltrcsc lrotlrrlscprintrc lrrrrr-rclc,
clcolrccc \'(,rca prol-rrirrl
crrrrclicllt
sJ irtvingJ.
(iratlrrl rlc inrcres csrc irnl)()rtilnrri
l)cntnr ir l)utea idcntillca grur/u/rle
ex/)ttt(rcir srrlricc;ilorla cirnrpanic,nrai alcs la nresrrjclemcrli.r.(lci intcrcsir;i
srrnt rnai crrriosi,clutil sil gtic, sr aflc, srlcun(xlscill)rrrrctetlc vctlcrc dif'critc.
l'li strnt activi 5i sunt c()nect.llil:r Pr.trlcnrclccirmpanici.Dinrpotrivrr,persoxtrclc ncitttcrcsittcsltrltap:rticc.Atitrrdincrrlor csrc lrinc cx;;rirnirtildc rrlsprrnstrl
lrc c'Jrcil tlarr 5i rlc corclelial)c circ o srrgcrclz:laccstrilsl)uns:,,"rlon'lIuou,
/m.ause./on'| ran.".

l\x(a!i

I 2.19

LJntrldintre cele mai imlxlnante tezultiltellc ccrcctrlriia lirst.:tccll cC ir

iclcntillcat trei cntegorii de elbctc pc carc calnl)rnia elcctrrrirliilc l)()rtteavcil
lranstltislxitt ntassttlctliit
irslt[,rllcctilfcltilor.lnlltrcntal)e ca]cmesajrrlgrcrsuasiv
o are irsupraccti[eanului lxratc fi acecilde activare,dc irrtilrirc sattd<:cgnvcrtire. Procentelerdmasese distribuieintre cottvcrtirclrParlilh 5i reconvcnire.
a) Aili,ann. (lontunicarca politicrl aclivcitd l)Icdispo/.ilii lrtctttc tle a r'otit
lrr rr
intr-O rrnttnritrltlireclie, predispozitiiforrn:ttcc'.1ltrtl)ilrcl:t1r:trtcnt:tt1ci
catcgoricsocirlil.ln ace.t crz, rleciziadelirritivitcstc in concrtrrlitrllrl
1r'rrr11it..l
accle
crr inrlcxrrlprcdispoziliilorpolitice.Ormcnii sllnt rtenli l'.t1;iselcctcitz.:l
lncsirjec:rreSunt in concordanlilcrr plrerilc lor antcrioarc,lrrcrtrvallbil :rtit
cit pi Petrtrtrunnttpcntlr comlniclrea lbrmirlil,prin canaleleinstittrlionnliz:rtc,
rttcsajclotl)ctstlrlin fanriliesarrintre prieteni.Srrbirnp'.rctrtl
rriclrcarnlorrrrirlil,
sivc, inrlivirlrrldevinc con$tientdc o op;irrnelltent{.
ll f nulina (ninlonnrcnt). Mai mtrlt de jrrmiltatc dintre cci intcrvievrli sc
hotrlraser,l<lcja la inceputul campaniei,atttnci cend a inccl)ltt ccrccrarcit
Acegtianu i^tiausigurcine va primi investitttradin paneaPartidului,dar intenlionarr sd v()tcz.epcntru un partid antlmer indil'ercnt de persoanadesenlnati\.
De accea,rlirectoriide campanietrehttiedoar strle ofcrc argtlmcntepcntrtl
ir-giPilstraop;iunea iniliali, motive pcntrtl it crcde cil iltl drcl)trte, t"J 9i rlrc
hotrlritc
acstlucru, pcrs<tancle
pcrsoanearraceleagi
optiuni. Dacd nrr rert$esc
sru, nt:rimrrlt,in l)crsoirnccltreulrtttse pot transformain persoaneeT.itanfe,
doneaz.tr
opliunea iniliale. Deciziile lttateincd tle la inceprrtrtlcanlprnici se
a tttcsujclor
printr-o sclectie l)crmcnentil, partiT.anil,
cristaliz.cazl/consolideazJ
massn)cdi.l.
r) ()onueflina, Nrrnrai 87o dintre cci sttprtgiccrcctilrii rttt nrnttiltstlt ttn
astlcl (le colltl'xrrtintcnt.(lonvertirca poate sJ libil ltrc d<lrtritr ritrtlttl grcrsoitnclor rl cllror intcres pcntru alegcri estc mic 5i care se lllrl srrb o l.rrcsitltlt:
(iradtrl dc ldcrcnlil lr progrlnrrrlurrrrilxrtid i^irr:ll tlntti c;ttttlitlitt
corrflictrrrrlJ.
cstc tnic. nrr trr intcrcsepersonrlcpentrtt l srrsfirlco i<lccsatt(t pcrsollttil.tlll
'sc
af]rlintr<r lxrg:rtdrc:lca(lc rclxlrl
arr leg:lturi strinse cu nici trn paftid $i
sot:ialc.Nurnlrul lor scudcde-l ltrngtrlcxnrl)inici,Pe milstlr:lcc ntt ltr li'ntrc:ecre$teintcrcsttl,ilr cotltrrmenele dc ,tctivare$i de consolidare.pe malsttr:l
sutrtrczolvate.(lci ctrvcdcri
dictiile internc provocatede presiuneaincrttcis:rtit
xstltl itl('it,
l)artizaneacord{ cer mai mare atentie mesaielorpropagandisticc,
in ternrelriabsoluli,rceste mesajeljtrng la persornclecel ntai l)tllin pr()lxrl)il
'l'otodatl,
cei care acortli rtenlic mesajelor tlin clntp:rrric
de a fi convertite.
tind srl Ic sclc<:tcze
doar pe ccle cate corespttndprol)riilorvcderi l)artizrtrrc.
l)c misurtr ce se desfil$urauintcrvirrrilein cadrrrlccrcctirii tlrn tlistrictrrl
tlc
l.,ric.dcveneadin ce in cc mai cvident cl exist:lultnclc sttrsctlt: inf'ltrerrtrl.

J.li l,llauti.ttutl tottlui

cd atare,lttr ftrsescril
l)rcsillncltsttJtrltlccizicitlc v<ltcarcnu lirscscrill)revllzrrtc;
Itt;ttcin scrtlrt:litt proicctrrrca
rtnchctckrr5i :r intcrvirrrilor.nnchctat()rii<lcsco()ilrncni.
o rnilrcl)irtc din irrlixrrr'.r1ii
tlc la'.rl1i
l)crcattcI cci irrtcrvicvlli grritrrcsc
()suri-Idc infrrrrn:t1ii
[)iscrrliilclirt:tin [rlrt rcl)rczcnrilrr
ccl pulin la lcldc intportdnt;1,drrcilrru nlri lx)Axtildcclc rtdirlrrl 5i prcsr scris:I.Cllnd sc l)unel inrrclxtrcn
cc surscirrrc()nsultiltrcccnt in lcgltrrrdcrr companir elcctorald,conversaliile
l)c ternc politicc cnlu tncnlion:rtcmli dcs dcclt rldioul sau l)rcsil scris:l".
( lcrcc:trltorii
rttttlcvcnit c('n$ticnliclc inrportanlalccstrri lcnonrcn si ru :rtlulrtlt
o l ) i l r t ct l i r t i r t t r c l > i t r rilrct t c r v i r r l rlr)ic n t n ri r t c s t r irn c l i l s i vi t c c s tl ' c n o l l t c l r( . i ( ) n elrrziit:,.r'ottrlcstc irr rnorlcscnlill o cxpcricnlildc grrrl>".
[)c f:rpt,aici irlcntiflclnl tn:lrcirdcsc<rpcrirc
lilcutd de c:Itrc l,az:rrst'cltl
9i
colirlxrrrrtorii
sri. l)irrl atrrncisc considcrl c{ hrcrliaarr inflrrcnla hot:lritoare
ils(rl)firPcrsoirrrci.
Actiln s-a cvitlcnliat cil in nrodclarc:roPiniilor.inclrrsivin
tnrx.fcf
arc:rc()ntlx)rtilncntrrlrri
tlc vtx, nlul t.rzrlinlrsk dilinrl lt rzltngup.l)c
: r l t l c l ,r r r r ad i n t r c r r n r b i l i i l c c r c c t ; I r o r i l o
c r . ra c c c i lt l c r i d c r r t i f i c ls c h i r n b : t r i l c
itrtcrvcrritcsrrlrirrflrrcnlarnijlo:rcclor
dc comunicarc.A rczrrltlrt<lrlcscqpcrirc
- in intcrierrrl
plrarloxrrli):surs:rprirrcipal:tdc inflrrcnllrc sc si(rrl rrlrrrlrdcv..r
grttpttltri.(Jorcspttttzrltor,
rolul rnijloacclortlc corntrrric:rrc
ir fost rcl)()rr(lcrilt.
l,,xistl aici, in f<rn<|.
rkruJ dcscopcriri:tnlu/ t.snyir/nl grpului si tvlu/ linitat al
Itrv.rti.S;l iusistJrrrl)ulitr lsul)r:rlicc:lrcirttlirrtrcclc.
l ) c r r t r tar t r t o r iri r n c r r c : r nci ,x i s t i 5
l : r n s lco l r t c r r r a rci a o r r n r c n i i c a rncl l r c c s c
()il tr:lrcscirrrprcun:lsl|uc:lrci5i pctrcc tinrprrllrtrerimpreund sil votczeaceiagi
canrlidali.Douil tipurr dc argrrnrcntcsunt.adusc in sprijinul acesteiipotezc.
l)rintul: ..omogcnitatcitgrlitic.J"a nruhor grrrpuri,cum ar fi organiz_aliile
reli.
g i o l s c ,c l r r b r r r i l <
c l cs p o r r5 i l l t c s t r t r c t r r ri ni s r i t u l i o n a l i z a tA
c .l d o i l c a :p c r s o a rrclecrr anrrrnitccaractcnstici
cornrrllcJu silnserrraimari sd aparlintracclorir5i
grttPuri.Olrncrrii sc rrproPicintrc ci po lt:rz.:r
itccstorctractcrisrici.( jci in vilrst:l
sc silnt rnlri:rprollilrli<.lcp<:rsrxrrtclc
gcncr:llic,lrlircurn tilcrii srrrrt
din :rccc;r5i
rrtai:rpropirlitot dc tittcri.(lclc rn:ristriinsccrrntircte
sc strbilcscintrc pcrsoanc
carc irl)urlinrrcclrrilSi
scgnrcntso,cill.
ln intcrlrrct,rrcnltri l,azrrsl'eltl,Iucrtrrilcnu se ()prcscrrici.Iltflrrernla
gnrprrlrrirrtrsc cxprirniltloar in llrllttrlcil lrcrsrxrnclccafc rnunccsc5i trJicscitn\'()rvotilcrr nlrrc yrrolxrbilitirtc
acciapicandidali.l)c m:lsurilce crnrpania
l)rcun-.I
sc dcrrrfc'.rz:I,ca inthrcc iu'l pr()ccs<leonogrnixtr lol nrti ntn a inrefliilor rleutl
ltratrv lr nnnifr-ehlnrntlrii grttltului.'l'cndinrt, sprrrrarrtorii,cstc probltrl srrrristic.
intrc ttt;ri$i octottrlrric,cilt:r <Jrrr:rt
clrnrPuniir
<lin 19,10,rrrrrnlrultlc ltcrstxrnc
c a t cr v c r l t to i r t t c t t t i cd c v o t i l l l a t i il n c o n t r r r r l i c ;ci cu p r o p r i r r l l ) l ) a s c l r r t tc o n sidcrll;il; irr cclc tlrrr rrrrnrl,clc ru votr( crr pxrtidctcaflrrtein :rcordcrr inrlcxrrl
prcclispoziliilorlor politicc.l):rcJrtr'crnirr vcdcrc luptrrlc:I nrrnrilrrrl\,otallilor
clre i;;ischinrb:lpartidtrlnu csrc nr:rrc,ciliclc nu sunt spcctircrrloasc.
Inrpgrtant

l'uUata | /41
a o l i t i c dp c
: r i r ,ci s t c l r r p t r r l c ir, l c - r lrt t n g r tul n e ic a m p i t n i vi ,o t a t l { iri e v i l l l l n r r r t c p
( r r r c( )( L : rp r o p r i i l cp r c r l i s p o z , i li ini . f c l t r lr c c s t r ri ,n d i r c c t ,p r i n i n t c r n r c t l i r rl l ) l ) ,
pc durltr cattll):lniciprollrirrl clcct()rltt.()irtlprrrilc
prrrririt.lci5i rct ttpcrcrtz.:l
politic:c(rcrrlc(lc cclc doild p'lrtide'.lllrcliottiltcn o forl'trnlflgncticil,xtrigitr(l
ctr rcclca5ivedcri i;i rcspingiindrt-lcl)c xcclcll ctl l)llrlcte
sprc clc pcrso:.tpclc
rlc vctlcrc clilcrite.in fclul ucesta,ficctre grttp tlevinc - incct, dar sigrrr- nrli
politic.
olnogclritt tcrtncnii opinici 1;iconrlx)rtirlr)cntrrltri
pi colnlrrrratorii
dt:itlcntificlrc.ttttt'trzsdinrrf<rstprcrrttp:t1i
l)rrrrll,rtzrrrslcltl
c:l problcttlrtitrc:
nccstrol, trlcnfi()rlArl(l
prin r:rlt:grrrprrrilelrrtlclllirrcsc
tritrttr'lor
ncvoic rlc ccrcctlri si rlczvoltrtriultcriorrrc.
scnttr'.tlltdc nttt<rricste lcllrczcn(:tt dc cxistctllll $i
l)rittrtrl rttccrttristtr
ctt itcetstrl ttcrtzicttn ttott
/ir/rtihr t/r opiuh. Cctcettrtoriilrr intro<lrts
rrctivitirtcrr
tlc nrits:l.
lcrtncn, (ilr('\'rl fircc caricr:Iin cercctarcsttltcrio:trilit c<ltnrtttic:irii
rccst con('cl)t<liscrrtiilor
r('clnto:lltct'rltlutoreirzil
I ,rrz.rrrrlclrl
l)c crlrclc-rtitttrcl , .[ J c r n r r vcso, r r s i r l c r rptltr i n t c l cr c L r t i i l o pr r r h l i c ci r r A r n c r i c : r .
r i r r r r cr r r l , l r l ur r r r 1
l l t : r r r r r sr . r rt o r r l l r r r r :i rl c c s tl u c r u ,i n t r - u n i lt l i n t r c c : I r l i l cs a l c l t t t t o [ r i t r g r l t f i c c ,
: r t l l r r A i r r tcl t c l . l l r i n c l r r st l l r r i,f i c o r r t l r r i r snco l i u r l c rrl l t t l l l c c t ' i t i s cc l t r t c al t l r
l'il/'/i. Opiilior,clriurdtcil l,ippttrlrttnrltl li)l()\iscrccst tc(t\lcn.
l .ilrgrnr:rrrrr
l , r t l c r i ir l c o p i r t i cs t t t t td c l i n i t i t l r c p t l l c r s o l n c l cc e l c t t u r i: t c t i v c ' l l cg r t t D r r l r r ri ,' c l cr r r r rsi c r r s i l r i lfci r l ; tl l c i n t c r c s c l c o r r t t t r r$ci < ' c l ct t r ; t li r r c r r c t t P l tst cr l - 5 i
crPrrrrrc1rrructclcdc vctlcre in problcnrcde itrtcrcstrt:tigcncritl.(lercct:trcrt
irrtrclrrirrsrl:r
rclcvilt c{ prirna ftrnclic a liderilortle oPirtic estc cca de nulierc
l)inI attrncicrr larg rtcceptntil
nrcrlirr5i ceilaltirnernbrirrigrrrprrltri.
intre rrr:rss
ilrrrtczrrcri indivizii prinrescinlbrrnatiiledinrl <lc lir nrijlorrcelespecillizatc.
(lcrcctrrrcurrsul)r'J
ttirr l9'1(l'Jrclc\".Itlrtl Ilt
crnrplnici prez.identi;rle'.ttncricltnc
(lc
cornplctncglij:rt1:iniIntrtncilcrl:l ilrlltilt('il,
trirscu circrrlalicrr infrrrnra;ici,
i r r 1 i t ' r r < ' r :l ri tl l, c r i it l c o ; l i n i c l c o r d i l n r i r r er r t c n l i ct n : t s sn r c < l i r t ,' i I s t t t t tt r t t t l t c
t:lztrrilct'irrrrlrtlcilcturg tlc lrrrrrdio5i tlin prcs:rscrisilcltrc litlcrii dc opirricsi
; r l r i r r r p o ic l t r c s c g n l c r ' r t e lnct r i l ) u l i n r c t i v c i r l e p o p r r l : r 1 i c(i). c i r r r a ir n r r l l i
r r r c r r l r r ri r ig r r r p r r l r pr ir i r n c s ci n l o r n r r r l iri lri n t l i s c t r l i i l e$ i c o n t a c t c l cp c t ' : t r cl c
: r r r< r r lri t l c r i it l c o p i r r r cl i g r r r p r r l r rli),c c i t r a s c r riln f o r r r t a l i csi c c o t t t p t t t t et l i t t
t k r t r tc t u p cp r i r r c i l r r l cd:c l r rr n i j l o r c c l cd c c o t n t t n i c l r cl l l i t l c r i it l c o p i n i ci ; it l c
de Problernelel)rtl)licc.A$x
la rncrnbriigrrrpuluinraiPrrIininteresagi
lrrrrt:cpti'r
rr ll)Irut tcoril cclor r/oi qn,si ai /uxnlui dr infonnalii, ctre vrt rllilrcil notlrl
prrr'.r<|igrrlll
irr sttrtlirrIcomunicirii tle rnas?|.
(lcl tlc-:rfrloilcn ntccartisnrcstc tttrntit<lc rrrtori ,,lp:rri1i
t" s',vr,,rti.rla/i'
vttrt" opirtiti.irr c:rdrtrlgrupulrri,prrtenrirrtllni rrpinii birtc xrticttlntc,(l'rr $i
scntinlc:nt.c
vrrgiirnprlrtlgitcll nivclrrlntembrilor.Villa de grtrl)cstc nr:riinrii
<lcc<rttextntorrlirtrtril
O dirr:rrrric:I
clc torrterrrrsistcrrrtlc intcrlclirrni recipr<rcc.
trlctc.c()rrcxirlrri,
disctrtii,corrllicte,intcrprctrlrictc. Vixta intcrtril I grtlpttlttt

J42 / tllctrtui.rnr/

tntului

l'o'rlakt

j r x r c l l r o l t t l l ) c ( : u r co c : r r n l l i r r r i ci l j o e c l l P c r r t r r ro l l i r r i i l <c: x i s t c n t c :
Pc cclc Ptrtcrr t i c c l c c o t t s o l t t l e : r r z I ,p c c c l c n t : r i s l l l l c , p c c c l c v : r 1 ' ,5i i r : r r c l i i r t c c r l l r t r l s d l c
t r a n s l i r r r t r ci r r o p i r r r i u l l : l t c i r r i r c o r u cl u v r r l o r i l cg r r r p r r l r r r c s l ) c ( ' t i v .
i n t r - , , c , , n r 1 r a n i cr.r g t c p t i t r i l cc l c c t o r : r t r r l r ri ni l c g i l t r r r rcl u l ) i r r t i ( l l r sl a t tc i t n ( l r d : r t r t l c u r c u n l ) c a ; 4 l s I c i i 5 t i g c r c l ) r c z i n t i l c c l m a i c l i s c t r u l ts u l ) i c c t . A i ; 1 ,c c l 1 t u 1 i n ,
s p r r r rr e z . r r l t r t c l cc c r c c t r l r i i .r \ 9 t ep t ; l r i l c i r r r c g i s t r c a z 5
: li c l c O c v o l r r l i c . [ ) c p i k l r t ,
i t r : r i n t c < l c r r o n r r r r : r l i z u r ccal n < l r t l ; r 1 i l o ro, t r < : i l n ec l i r r t r cr r r l r i c c l i 5 i - : r r rc x p r i r r r u t
o p t t t r l p r i v i t o ; t r c l : l c i n c l ; t c l s t i l l : t r r l c l i c r i l c .l ) t r p l l c c r r r n l r i ic : r n r l i , l l t i : r r rf ' o s t
c l l r r ( ) s e l r l rl,) t o l ) t ) t l i i lp c r s o : r n c l o r( l r r c l t U a v c ; r uo i t f t c l ) t l t r cc i t < l c c i t c o r ) t U r i t t I
:l scllut

l l r t t r r s f c r t 5 i l r r i i r t t i r sc o n s t l l n t r l p c r l t t r : r t l rc i u l l p t l n l c t .
l ; l r r c t r r r r ; i , rl ) c c i r r c ( ) l x ) t i t ) r e , l i s t r x : t f t c l ) t l l n l c c s t c m r t i r n l r r c d c c i t c c a I
i n t c r r ! i c i c l c v o t p r o p r i r r - z i s c . l l l t : r r v : r r ( r r l f r u r t l r r r n t ' r r t l li t r c r i s t r r l i z . l r c r t ' J $ t c l ) t i l -

r i l o r i l r c l r r c z i n ( i lt ( ) t i n ( c r c : i r r l I. ) c l t i k l r t ,r r r c r n t r r ilii c c r l r t r il ) : r r t i dc : r r ca r r i n t c n ; r r
d c v o t l r r c c i s c \ ( ) r u v c i l 5 i r r p t c p t i l r i c l u r c i r r l c g r l t r r r dc u c i i l r i l { i t r c a l l c g c r i l o r t l c
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