Metoda diferentelor finite – Aplicatii la calculul placilor

Analiza cu diferente finite a placilor

Placi incovoiate

Analiza se bazeaza pe calculul cu diferente finite a placilor avind diverse conditii de incarcare si pe
frontiera, determinarea ecuatiilor care guverneaza comportarea acestor placi s-a facut pe baza
urmatoatelor ipoteze simplificatoare:
- grosimea placilor este mica in comparatie cu celelalte dimensiuni (lungimea si latimea)
- deformatiile sunt mici astfel incit curburile placilor pot fi aproximate cu ajutorul
derivatelor de ordinul doi ale sagetilor in raport cu coordonatele din planul median al
placii.
- Alungirilrile, scurtarile si sagetile planului median al placii sunt mult mai mica decit
grosimea placii, indiferent de modul de rezemare sau de impidecare a deformatiilo.
Daca aceste ipoteze nu sunt realizate, atunci calculul se va face in ipoteza deformatiilor mari, caz in
care trebuieste luata in considerare faptul ca relatiile dintre incarcari si deplasari nu mai sunt liniare,
fiind luat in considerare si efecte mult mai complexe. Din rapoartele incarcarilor efectuate, s-a
constatat ca in cazul placilor in consola, chiar si pentru deplasarile maxime ale placii pina la de 20
de ori mai mari decit grosimea, ecuatiile liniare isi pastreaza valabilitatea.

Notatiile caracteristicilor fizice utilizate in continuare sunt:

Notatia descrierea Unitatea de

masura
p Valoarea incarcarii distribuite daN/cm2
E Modulul de elasticitate daN/cm2
μ Coeficientul Poisson -
t Grosimea placii cm
w Deplasarea placii pe directia Oz cm
D E ⋅t3
D=
(
12 ⋅ 1 − μ 2 )

Ecuatiile care guverneaza procesul sunt date in Tabelul 2:

Tabelul 1. Expresia moentelor si fortelor functie de incarile placii
Marimile
Ecuatiile
fizice

Deplasarei ∂4w ∂4w ∂4w P

+2 2 2 2 2 + 4 =
(w) ∂x 4 ∂ x ∂ y ∂y D
⎛ ∂2w ∂2w ⎞
M x = − D ⋅ ⎜⎜ 2 + μ 2 ⎟⎟
⎝ ∂x ∂y ⎠
⎛ ∂2w ∂2w ⎞
Momente M y = − D ⋅ ⎜ 2 + μ 2 ⎟⎟
⎜
⎝ ∂y ∂x ⎠
∂2w
M xy = M yx = D ⋅ (1 − μ )
∂x∂y

Leoveanu Ioan Sorin studii de caz – placi incovoiate cu geometrie dreptunghiulara 1

 Metoda diferentelor finite – Aplicatii la calculul placilor
⎛ ∂3w ∂3w ⎞
Q x = − D ⋅ ⎜⎜ 3 + ⎟⎟
Forte ⎝ ∂y ∂x∂y 2 ⎠
Taietoare ⎛ ∂3w ∂3w ⎞
Q y = − D ⋅ ⎜⎜ 3 + ⎟
⎝ ∂y ∂y∂x 2 ⎟⎠
⎛ ∂3w ∂3w ⎞
R x = − D ⋅ ⎜⎜ 3 + (2 − μ ) ⎟⎟
Forte pe ⎝ ∂x ∂x∂y 2 ⎠
fetele
⎛ ∂3w ∂3w ⎞
celulei R y = − D ⋅ ⎜⎜ 3 + (2 − μ ) ⎟
⎝ ∂y ∂y∂x 2 ⎟⎠
∂2w
R = 2 ⋅ M xy = 2 ⋅ D ⋅ (1 − μ )
Fortele
concentrate ∂x∂y

Expresia derivatelor deplasarii w in nodul curente este:

Tabelul 2. Expresia in deplasari nodale a derivatelor.
⎛ ∂w ⎞ w − wW
⎜ ⎟ = E
⎝ ∂x ⎠ C 2⋅h
⎛ ∂2w ⎞ w − 2 ⋅ wC + wW
⎜⎜ 2 ⎟⎟ = E
⎝ ∂x ⎠ C h2
⎛ ∂3w ⎞ w − 2 ⋅ wE + 2 ⋅ wW − wWW
⎜⎜ 3 ⎟⎟ = EE
⎝ ∂x ⎠ C 2 ⋅ h3
⎛ ∂4w ⎞ w − 4 ⋅ wE + 6 ⋅ wC − 4 ⋅ wW + wWW
⎜⎜ 4 ⎟⎟ = EE
⎝ ∂x ⎠ C h4

⎛ ∂w ⎞ w − wN
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = S
⎝ ∂y ⎠ C 2⋅h
⎛ ∂2w ⎞ w − 2 ⋅ wC + wN
⎜⎜ 2 ⎟⎟ = S
⎝ ∂y ⎠ C h2
⎛ ∂3w ⎞ w − 2 ⋅ wS + 2 ⋅ wN − wNN
⎜⎜ 3 ⎟⎟ = SS
⎝ ∂y ⎠ C 2 ⋅ h3
⎛ ∂4w ⎞ w − 4 ⋅ wS + 6 ⋅ wC − 4 ⋅ wN + wNN
⎜⎜ 4 ⎟⎟ = SS
⎝ ∂y ⎠ C h4

Expresia Derivate numerice utilizate pentru doua dimensiuni

⎛ ∂2w ⎞ w − wNE − wSW + wNW
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = SE
⎝ ∂x∂y ⎠ C 4 ⋅ h2
⎛ ∂4w ⎞ w + wSE + wSW + wNW − 2 ⋅ (wN + wS + wE + wW ) + 4 ⋅ wC
⎜⎜ 2 2 ⎟⎟ = NE
⎝ ∂x ∂y ⎠ C h4

Tabelul 3. Expresia Incarcarilor in functie de deplasarile nodale

Leoveanu Ioan Sorin studii de caz – placi incovoiate cu geometrie dreptunghiulara 2

 Metoda diferentelor finite – Aplicatii la calculul placilor
Marimi Expresia in diferente finite
fizice
Incarcarea 20 ⋅ wC − 8(w N + wE + wS + wW ) + 2(w NE + wSE + wSW + w NW ) +
P0
pC ⋅ h 4
w NN + wEE + wSS + wWW =
D
Momente
(M x )C =−
D
(− 2 ⋅ (1 + μ ) ⋅ wC + wW + wE + μ ⋅ (wN + wS ))
h2
(M y )C = − D2 (− 2 ⋅ (1 + μ ) ⋅ wC + wN + wS + μ ⋅ (wW + wE ))
h
(M xy )C = (1 − μ )⋅ D
(wSE − wNE − wSW + wNW )
4 ⋅ h2
Forte
(Q x )C = − D 3 (4 ⋅ (wW − wE ) + wNE + wSE − wNW − wSW − wWW + wEE )
Taietoare 2⋅h
(Q y )C = − D 3 (4 ⋅ (wN − wS ) + wSE + wSW − wNW − wNE − wNN + wSS )
2⋅h
Forte pe
(R x )C = − D 3 ((6 − 2 ⋅ μ )(wW − wE ) + (2 − μ )(wNE + wSE − wNW − wSW ) − wWW + wEE )
fete 2⋅h
(R y )C = − D 3 ((6 − 2 ⋅ μ )(wN − wS ) + (2 − μ )(wSE + wSW − wNW − wNE ) − wNN + wSS )
2⋅h
Fortele in
(R )C = D ⋅ (1 −2 μ ) (wSE − wNE − wSW + wNN )
colturi 2⋅h

Conditiile limita pot fi:

Tabelul 4. Cazul nodului pe muchia exterioara libera
Nr Conditia Expresia in diferente finite
. limita
crt
1 muchie fixa wC = 0
wE − wW = 0
2 muchie − 2 ⋅ (1 + μ ) ⋅ wC + wN + wS + μ ⋅ (wW + wE ) = 0
libera 2(3 − μ )(wN − wS ) + (2 − μ )(wSE + wSW − wNW − w NE )
(y=constant)
2 ⋅ h 3 ⋅ (R y )C
− wNN + wSS = −
D
3 Colt liber wE − 2 ⋅ wC + wW = 0
wS − 2 ⋅ wC + wN = 0
2(3 − μ )(wW − wE ) + (2 − μ )(wNE + wSE − wNW − wSW )
2 ⋅ h 3 ⋅ (R x )C
− wWW + wEE = −
D
2(3 − μ )(wN − wS ) + (2 − μ )(wSE + wSW − wNW − wNE )
2 ⋅ h 3 ⋅ (R y )C
− wNN + wSS = −
D
2 ⋅ h 2 ⋅ (R )C
wSE − wNE − wSW + wNW =
(1 − μ ) ⋅ D

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 Metoda diferentelor finite – Aplicatii la calculul placilor
Deoarece wC in orice conditie limita poate ajunge pe muchiile placii, o parte dintre nodurile vecine
se vor gasi in afara placii, devenind astfel noduri fictive, care delimiteaza celule fictive sau fantome
(ghost cell). In aceste cazuri, forma ecuatiilor nodale se modifica atit pentru calulul deplasarilor (w)
cit si pentru calculul eforturilor (Qx,Qy,Mx,My,Mxy,RC) si tensiunilor (σx,σy,σxy) si deformatiilor
(εx,εy,εxy). Din aceasta cauza, trebuiesc studiate toate situatiile posibile pe care le intilnim in
geometria si constringerile placii pe care o analizam.

Astfel, pentru cazul din figura 3, observam ca atunci cind nodul C se gaseste pe muchia domeniului,
(frontiera acestuia), aceasta nu are nici o restrictie de deplasare iar deplasarile (sagetile) din nodurile
aflate in afara domeniului sunt nule. Acest caz putem sa il numim prin prisma conditiilor
geometrice si de deplasare muchie sau latura libera. Expresia deformatiilor, fortelor care actioneaza
pe aceasta muchie, momentelor din nodurile aflate pe aceasta muchie difera fata de cazul in care
toate nodurile celulei sunt pe placa analizata. Modul de obtinere al acestora este urmatorul:

Tabelul 5. Ecuatiile implicate in determinarea deplasarii unui nod aflat pe o muchie libera
Cazul analizat Ecuatia Expresia acesteia
20 wC − 8(w N + wE + wS + w N ) +
Incarcarea 2(w NW + w NE + wSE + wSW ) +
P0 P0 ⋅ h 2
wSS + w NN + wWW + wEE =
D
Fortele 3(1 − 2 μ )(wN − wS ) + (2 − μ )(wSE + wSW − wNW − wNE )
nodale − wNN + wSS = 0
Moment in − 2(1 + μ )wW + wNW + wSW + μ (wWW − wC ) = 0
W
Moment in − 2(1 + μ )wC + wN + wS + μ (wW + wE ) = 0
C
Moment in − (1 + μ )wE + wNE + wSE + μ (wEE + wC ) = 0
E

Prin eliminarea deplasarilor din nodurile aflate in afara domeniului (wSS,wS,wSW,wSE) din aceste
ecuatii se obtine ecuatia ce descrie deformatia din nod, ecuatie ce va fi folosita in procesul de
determinare a deformatiilor placii analizate.

Tabelul 6. Simplificarea reprezentarii grafice si ecuatia in deplasari nodale

Nodurile Ideograma pe noduri

( ) ( )
2 8 − 4 μ − 3μ 2 wC + 4(− 3 + μ )wN + 4 − 2 + μ + μ 2 (wW + wE ) + 2(2 − μ )(wNE + wNW ) +
P0 ⋅ h 4 2 ⋅ h 3
(1 − μ )(w
2
WW + wEE ) + 2 wNN =
D
+
D
⋅ (R y )C

in cazul din figura P0 = 0 si (R y )C = 0

Leoveanu Ioan Sorin studii de caz – placi incovoiate cu geometrie dreptunghiulara 4

 Metoda diferentelor finite – Aplicatii la calculul placilor
Pentru a usura procesul de calcul pentru aceste cazuri, se foloses in general simboluri in care sunt
trecuti coeficientii deplasarilor din nodurile care intra in ecuatia generala si expresia termenului
liber (termenul din dreapta)

Tabelul 7. Ecuatii utilizate pentru diverse cazuri de incarcare.

Situatia posibila Ecuatia
Nod pe muchie libera 1
2(8 − 4 μ − 3μ )wC + 4(− 3 + μ )w N + 4(− 2 + μ + μ 2 )(wW + wE )
2

+ 2(2 − μ )(w NE + wNW ) + 1 − μ 2 (wWW + wEE ) ( )

P0 ⋅ h 2⋅h
⋅ (R y )C
4 3
+ 2 wNN = +
D D
in cazul din figura P0 = 0 si (R y )0 = 0
Nod adiacent muchiei libere 2
19 wC − 8(w N + wE + wW ) + (2 μ − 6) wS + 2(w NE + w NW ) +
P0 ⋅ h 4
(2 − μ )(wSE + wSW ) + wNN + wWW + wEE =
D
Nod in colt liber 3
( ) (
4 3 − 2 μ − μ wC + 4 − 3 + 2 μ + μ 2 (w N + wW ) + 8(1 − μ )w NW +
2
)
2(1 − μ )(w + w ) =
P ⋅h 2 ⋅ h3
[
(R x )C + (R y )C + 4 ⋅ h (R ) ]
4 2
2
NN WW
0
+
D D D
Nod adiacent unui colt 4
18wC − 8(w N + wW ) + 2(μ − 3)(wE + wS ) + (2 − μ )(w NE + wSW ) +
P0 ⋅ h 4
2 w NW + 2(1 − μ )wSE + wWW + w NN =
D
Nod adiacent unui colt intre
5
doua muchii libere
(15 − 8μ − 4μ )w 2
C ( ) (
+ 2 − 2 + μ + μ 2 w N + 2 − 3 + 2 μ + μ 2 wS + )
4(μ − 3)wW + 2(2 − μ )(wNW + wSW ) + (1 − μ )w 2
NN + 2 wWW
P0 ⋅ h 4 2 ⋅ h 3
= + (R x )C
D D
Nod vecin unei muchii fixe 6

P0 h 4
21wC − 8(wN + wE + wS ) + 2(wNE + wSE ) + wNN + wSS + wEE =
D

Nod vecin unui colt intre o

7
muchie fixa si una libera
(17 − 8μ − 5μ )w + 4(μ − 3)w + 4(μ + μ − 2)w
2
C N
2
E + 2(2 − μ )w NE
P ⋅h 2⋅h
+ 2 w + (1 − μ )w = (R )
4 3

NN
2
+ EE
0
y C
D D

Leoveanu Ioan Sorin studii de caz – placi incovoiate cu geometrie dreptunghiulara 5

 Metoda diferentelor finite – Aplicatii la calculul placilor
Nod vecin unui colt intre o
8
muchie fixa si una libera

20 wC − 8(w N + wE ) + 2(μ − 3)wS + 2 w NE + (2 − μ )wSE + w NN + wEE

P0 ⋅ h 4
=
D

Nod interior domeniului 9

20 wC − 8(w N + wE + wS + wW ) + 2(w NE + wSE + wSW + w NE ) +

P0 ⋅ h 4
w NN + wSS + wEE + wWW =
D

Reactiuni, momente si eforturi

Dupa determinarea deplasarilor, momentele, fortele taietoare si axiale ca si reactiunile din reazeme,
articulatii sau incastrai pot fi determinate folosind cuatiile din Tabelul 7.

Momentele maxime pe fetele placii pot fi determinate folosind relatia:

max ⎫ ⎧⎪ M 1 1 2

= (M x + M y ) ± ⎢ (M x − M y )⎥ + M xy2
⎡1 ⎤
⎬→⎨
min ⎭ ⎪M 2 2
⎩ ⎣2 ⎦
Unghiul dintre momentul pe axa Ox si momentul maxim principal, M1 se determina cu relatia:

2 ⋅ M xy
tan( 2ϑ ) =
Mx −My

Valoarea maxima din fibra exterioara a placii se determina cu relatia

6 ⋅ M1
σ max =
t2

Exemplu 6.1

Se considera o placa fixata pe latura x = 0 si libera pe toate celelalte latri, incarcata cu o forta
concentrata P la mijlocul laturii x = L, ca in figura. Se cere determinarea deplasarilor, momentelor
nodale si tensiunilor din fibrele exterioare.

Observatii: Se observa ca placa prezinta simetrie atit geometrica cit si din punct de vedere al
incarcarii, ceea ce ne conduce la o forma mult simplificata a analizei. Astfel, deplasarea din punctul
2’ este aceeasi cu cea din 2 si asa mai departe, ceea ce face ca in calcul sa poata fi preluate doar 12
noduri.
Folosind ecuatiile din Tabelul 7, se genereaza urmatorul sistem de ecuatii:

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 Metoda diferentelor finite – Aplicatii la calculul placilor

Nodul Forma redusa (Ecuatia nodala pentru μ = 0)

1 17 w1 − 12 w2 + 2 w3 − 8w4 + 4 w5 + w7 = 0
2 − 6 w1 + 21w2 − 8w3 + 2 w4 − 8w5 + 2 w6 + w8 = 0
3 2 w1 − 16w2 + 21w3 + 4 w5 − 8w6 + w9 = 0
4 − 6 w1 + 4 w2 + 16 w4 − 12 w5 + 2 w6 − 8w7 + 4 w8 + w10 = 0
5 2 w1 − 6 w2 + 2 w3 − 6 w4 + 20 w5 − 8w6 + 2 w7 − 8w8 + 2 w9 + w11 = 0
6 4 w2 − 8w3 + 2 w4 − 16 w5 + 20 w6 + 4 w8 − 8w9 + w12 = 0
7 w1 − 8w4 + 4 w5 + 15w7 − 12 w8 + 2 w9 − 6 w10 + 4 w11 = 0
8 w2 + 2 w4 − 8w5 + 2 w6 − 6 w7 + 19 w8 − 8w9 + 2 w10 − 6 w11 + 2 w12 = 0
9 w3 + 4w5 − 8w6 + 2w7 − 16w8 + 19 w9 + 4 w11 − 6 w12 = 0
10 2w4 − 12w7 + 8w8 + 12w10 − 12w11 − 2w12 = 0
11 2 w5 + 4 w7 − 12 w8 + 4 w9 − 6 w10 + 16 w11 − 8w12 = 0
12 2
⎛L⎞
P⎜ ⎟
2 w6 + 6 w8 − 12 w9 + 2 w10 − 16 w11 + 16w12 = 2 ⎝ ⎠ = P
4 L2
D 8
2
Deplasarea * PL /8 Tensiunea * P/t2
1 0.03002 4.044
2 0.03143 4.485
3 0.03211 4.531
4 0.10611 2.646
5 0.10978 2.951
6 0.11183 3.002
7 0.21250 1.265
8 0.21923 1.443
9 0.22405 1.452
10 0.33331 0
11 0.34370 0.433
12 0.35430 1.852

Tensiuni in a) σa = 5.763 b) σb = 6.035 c) σc = 6.166

incastrare
*P/t2

Leoveanu Ioan Sorin studii de caz – placi incovoiate cu geometrie dreptunghiulara 7

 Metoda diferentelor finite – Aplicatii la calculul placilor
Verificarea rezultatelor.
S-a facut pe placi de aliaj de aluminiu, avind modulul de elasticitate E = 710160 daN/cm2 cu
grosimea de 3.2 mm si pentru o forta de 2.42 daN. Compararea rezultatelor s-a facut folosind atit
relatia teoretica cit si masuratorile experimentale atit pentru μ = 0 cit si pentru μ = 0.3.
Deplasarea (w) [mm]
Teoretic Experimental
Eroarea (%) pentru
nodul μ=0 μ = 0.3 Masurare media
μ = 0.3
1 0.761 0.635 0.5841 0.6604 -3.84
1’ 0.7366

2 0.8128 0.8382 0.8128 0.7874 6.43

2’ 0.7366

3 0.8128 0.8636 0.8382 0.8382 -3.03

4 2.6923 2.590 2.54 2.591 0

4’

5 2.7686 2.8956 2.8194 2.8702 0.88

5’ 2.8956

6 2.8448 2.9972 2.9464 2.9464 1.72

7 5.4102 5.4102 5.2069 5.334 1.45

7’ 5.4356

8 5.588 5.7912 5.5626 5.6388 2.70

8’ 5.715

9 5.6895 5.9944 5.8166 5.8166 3.06

10 8.4836 8.636 8.4328 8.4328 2.41

10’

11 8.7376 9.144 8.9154 8.9154 2.56

11’ 8.89

12 9.017 9.525 9.1948 9.1948 3.59

Tensiuni maxime principale

Teoretic Experimental
Nodul μ=0 μ = 0.3 Masurat Media Eroarea (%)

2 0.69719 0.6998 0.7185 0.7185 -2.52

2’

8 0.2243 0.2364 0.2410 0.2451 -3.57

8’ 0.2492

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 Metoda diferentelor finite – Aplicatii la calculul placilor

Exemplul 6.2.
Pentru placa din figura se cere determinarea deplasarilor nodale si a tensiunilor si deformatiilor daca
E = 200 GPa, L = 4m, H = 3m, p(x) = 10 kPa/m2, t = 100 mm si μ = 0.3.

Figura 6.3 Notatia deplasarilor w pentru placa incarcata cu p(x) si cu gol interior, cu simetrie dupa
axa Ox.

Coeficientul D
E ⋅t3 200 ⋅ 10 9 × 0.12 N
D= = = 1.832 ⋅ 10 7 2
(
12 1 − μ )
2
(
12 1 − 0.3 )
2
m
Termenul liber pentru incarcarea uniform distribuita este:
h 4 ⋅ p ( x) 0.5 4 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 0.25
lrh = = = 0.000034m
D 1.832 ⋅ 10 7
Ecuatiile nodale pentru cazul placii simplu rezemate pe contur, (w1 = -w1) se obtin pentru fiecare
nod in parte pe baza numerotarii extensiei nodurilor.
Nodul 1 - intern
20 w1 − 8(wS + wS + w2 + w4 ) + (w3 − w1 − w1 + w7 ) + 2(wS + wS + w5 + wS ) = lrh
wS = 0
18w1 − 8w2 + w3 − 8w4 + 2 w5 + w7 = lrh
Nodul 2 - intern

Leoveanu Ioan Sorin studii de caz – placi incovoiate cu geometrie dreptunghiulara 9

 Metoda diferentelor finite – Aplicatii la calculul placilor
20 w2 − 8(wS + w5 + w1 + w3 ) + (wS + w2 − w2 + w8 ) + 2(wS + wS + w6 + w4 ) = lrh
wS = 0
20w2 − 8w1 − 8w3 + 2 w4 − 8w5 + 2 w6 + w8 = lrh
Nodul 3- intern
20 w3 − 8(wS + w2 + w6 + w2 ) + (− w3 + w1 + w1 + w9 ) + 2(wS + wS + w5 + w5 ) = lrh
wS = 0
(20 − 1) w3 + 2 w1 − 16 w2 + 4 w5 − 8w6 + w9 = lrh
Nodul 4- intern
20 w4 − 8(w1 + wS + w7 + w5 ) + (wS − w4 + w6 + w10 ) + 2(w2 + w8 + wS + wS ) = lrh
wS = 0
19 w4 − 8w1 + 2 w2 − 8w5 + w6 − 8w7 + 2 w8 + w10 = lrh
Nodul 5- intern
20 w5 − 8(w2 + w8 + w4 + w6 ) + 2(w3 + w9 + w7 + w1 ) + (wS + w5 + w11 + wS ) = lrh
wS = 0
21w5 + 2 w1 − 8w2 + 2 w3 − 8w4 + 2 w7 − 8w8 + 2 w9 + w11 = lrh
Nodul 6- intern
20 w6 − 8(w3 + w9 + w5 + w5 ) + 2(w2 + w2 + w8 + w8 ) + (wS + w4 + w4 + w12 ) = lrh
wS = 0
20 w6 + 4 w2 − 8w3 + 2 w4 − 16 w5 + 4 w8 − 8w9 + w12 = lrh
Nodul 7- intern
20 w7 − 8(w4 + w10 + w8 + wS ) + 2(w5 + w11 + wS + wS ) + (w9 + w1 + w11 − w7 ) = lrh
wS = 0
19 w7 + w1 − 8w4 + 2 w5 − 8w8 + w9 − 8w10 + 2 w11 + w13 = lrh
Nodul 8 - intern
20 w8 − 8(w7 + w5 + w11 + w9 ) + 2(w6 + w4 + w10 + w12 ) + (w2 + w14 + wS + w8 ) = lrh
wS = 0
21w8 + w2 + 2 w4 − 8w5 + 2 w6 − 8w7 − 8w9 + 2 w10 − 8w11 + 2 w12 + w14 = lrh
Nodul 9 - intern
20 w9 − 8(w6 + w12 + w8 + w8 ) + 2(w5 + w5 + w11 + w11 ) + (w7 + w7 + w3 + w15 ) = lrh
wS = 0
20 w9 + w3 + 4w5 − 8w6 + 2 w7 − 16 w8 + 4 w11 − 8w12 + w15 = lrh
Nodul 10 - intern
20 w10 − 8(w7 + wS + w13 + w11 ) + 2(w8 + w14 + wS + wS ) + (w4 + w16 + w12 − w10 ) = lrh
wS = 0
19 w10 + w4 − 8w7 + 2 w8 − 8w11 + w12 − 8w13 + 2 w14 + w16 = lrh
Nodul 11 - intern
20 w11 − 8(w8 + w14 + w10 + w12 ) + 2(w9 + w15 + w7 + w13 ) + (w5 + w17 + wS + w11 ) = lrh
wS = 0
21w11 + w5 + 2 w7 − 8w8 + 2 w9 − 8w10 − 8w12 + 2 w13 − 8w14 + 2 w15 + w17 = lrh
Nodul 12 – vecin cu o margine libera
w6 + 4 w8 − 8w9 + 2 w10 − 16 w11 + 19 w12 + 3.4 w14 − 5.4 w15 = lrh
Nodul 13 – intern
w7 − 8w10 + 2 w11 + 19 w13 − 8w14 + w15 − 8w16 + 2 w17 + w18 = lrh

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 Metoda diferentelor finite – Aplicatii la calculul placilor
Nodul 14 – nod de colt intre laturi libere
w8 + 2 w10 − 8w11 − 8w13 + 19.8w14 − 2.8w15 + 2 w16 − 8w17 + w19 = lrh
Nodul 15 – nod pe latura libera
2w9 + 6.8w11 − 10.8w12 + 1.82w13 − 12.88w14 + 13.06w15 = lrh
Nodul 16 – nod vecin cu o latura libera
w10 − 8w13 + 1.7 w14 + 18w16 − 5.4 w17 − 8w18 + 1.7 w19 = lrh
Nodul 17 – nod pe latura libera
0.91w11 + 3.4 w13 − 6.44 w14 − 10.8w16 + 13.06 w17 + 3.4 w18 − 6.44 w19 = lrh
Nodul 18 – Nod interior
w13 − 8w16 + 2 w17 + 18w18 − 8w19 + w20 = lrh
Nodul 19 – nod pe colt intre laturi libere
w14 + 2 w16 − 8w17 − 8w18 + 18.8w19 − 2.8w20 = lrh
Nodul 20 – nod pe latura libera
1.82 w18 − 12.88w19 + 11.06 w20 = lrh

Rezultate (mm) Diferente

Deplasarea
MDF ETABS 9.7.3 (mm) (%)
w1 0.0669 0.0613 -0.0056 9.14
w2 0.1128 0.1038 -0.009 8.67
w3 0.1288 0.1187 -0.0101 8.51
w4 0.1196 0.1095 -0.0101 9.22
w5 0.2026 0.1865 -0.0161 8.63
w6 0.2317 0.2137 -0.018 8.42
w7 0.1542 0.1407 -0.0135 9.59
w8 0.2625 0.2407 -0.0218 9.06
w9 0.3003 0.2764 -0.0239 8.65
w10 0.1697 0.1551 -0.0146 9.41
w11 0.2918 0.2685 -0.0233 8.68
w12 0.3345 0.3095 -0.025 8.08
w13 0.1629 0.1498 -0.0131 8.74
w14 0.2884 0.2753 -0.0131 4.76
w15 0.3431 0.3331 -0.01 3
w16 0.1242 0.1206 -0.0036 2.99
w17 0.2247 0.2321 0.0074 -3.19
w18 0.0679 0.0693 0.0014 -2.02
w19 0.1168 0.1284 0.0116 -9.03
w20 0.128 0.1474 0.0194 -13.16

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 Metoda diferentelor finite – Aplicatii la calculul placilor
Diagrame de lucru redusa (μ = 0)

Pozitia
Schema redusa
nodului

Vecin cu o
fata fixata

Vecin cu
un nod de
colt intre
fata fixa si
fata libera

Nod pe
fete libere

Leoveanu Ioan Sorin studii de caz – placi incovoiate cu geometrie dreptunghiulara 12

 Metoda diferentelor finite – Aplicatii la calculul placilor

Nod
interior

Placi dreptunghiulare cu considerarea coeficientului Poison, μ = 0.3

Cazul Expresia coeficientilor deplasarilor la noduri

Leoveanu Ioan Sorin studii de caz – placi incovoiate cu geometrie dreptunghiulara 13

 Metoda diferentelor finite – Aplicatii la calculul placilor

Leoveanu Ioan Sorin studii de caz – placi incovoiate cu geometrie dreptunghiulara 14

 Metoda diferentelor finite – Aplicatii la calculul placilor

Leoveanu Ioan Sorin studii de caz – placi incovoiate cu geometrie dreptunghiulara 15

 Metoda diferentelor finite – Aplicatii la calculul placilor

Expresia momentelor, fortelor nodale si a reactiunilor din blocaje

Cazul analizat Ecuatiile momentelor, fortelor si reactiunilor
2D
M x = − 2 wE
h
2D
M y = − 2 μ ⋅ wE
h
M xy = 0

Qx = Rx = −
D
(− 16 ⋅ wE + 4(wNE + wSE ) + 2 ⋅ wEE )
2 ⋅ h3
Qy = −
D
(wSE − wNE )
h3
D
M x = −2 2 wE
h
D
M y = −2 2 μ ⋅ wE
h
M xy = 0

Qx = Rx = −
D
(− 16 ⋅ wE + 4(wNE + wSE ) + 2 ⋅ wEE )
2 ⋅ h3
Qy = −
D
(wSE − wNE )
h3
2⋅D
M x = − 2 wE
h
2⋅ D
M y = − 2 μ ⋅ wE
h
M xy = 0
−D
Qx = Rx = (( )
− 16 + 4 μ + 4 μ 2 wE + (8 − 4 μ )wNE + (2 − 2 μ )wEE )
2⋅h 3

Qy = Ry = 0

Mx = −
D
(− 2(1 + μ )wC + wE + μ (wN + wS ))
h2
M y = − 2 (− 2(1 + μ )wC + wN + wS + μwE )
D
h
D(1 − μ )
M xy = (wSE − wNE )
4 ⋅ h2
Qx = −
D
(− wC − 4wE + wNE + wSE + wEE )
2 ⋅ h3
Qy = −
D
(4(wN − wS ) + wSE − wNE − wNN + wSS )
2 ⋅ h3

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 Metoda diferentelor finite – Aplicatii la calculul placilor

Mx = −
D
(− 2(1 + μ )wC + wE + μ (wN + wS ))
h2
M y = − 2 (− 2(1 + μ )wC + wN + wS + μwE )
D
h
D(1 − μ )
M xy = (wSE − wNE )
4 ⋅ h2
Qx = −
D
(− wC − 4wE + wNE + wSE + wEE )
2 ⋅ h3
Qy = −
D
(− wC + 4wN − 2(1 + μ )wS + (1 − μ )wSE − wNE − wNN )
2 ⋅ h3
( )
M x = − 2 1 − μ 2 (wE − 2wC )
D
h
My =0
(1 − μ )D (− 2w
M xy = NE + 2(1 + μ )w E − μ ⋅ wC − μ ⋅ wEE )
4 ⋅ h2
Qy = −
D
(− (1 + μ )wC − 2 ⋅ (1 − μ )wE + (1 − μ )wEE )
2 ⋅ h3
( )
M x = − 2 1 − μ 2 (− 2 ⋅ wC + wE − wW )
D
h
My =0
(1 − μ )D (2(1 + μ )(w
M xy = − E − wW ) + 2(w NW − w NE ) + μ (wWW − wEE ))
4 ⋅ h2
Qx = −
D
(2(1 − μ )(wW − wE ) − (1 − μ )(wW − wEE ))
2 ⋅ h3
( )
M x = − 2 1 − μ 2 (− 2wC + wW + wE )
D
h
My =0

M xy =
D
(1 − μ )(μ ⋅ wC − 2(1 + μ )wW + 2(wE − wNE + wNW ) + μwWW )
4 ⋅ h2
Qx = −
D
(2(1 − μ )wW − (1 − μ )(wC + wWW ))
2 ⋅ h3
Mx = 0
My =0

=
D ⎜
( )
⎛ 2 − 3 + 2 μ + μ 2 (w N + wW − wC ) + ⎞
⎟
( )
M xy
4 ⋅ h2 ⎜ 1 − μ 2 (w + w ) + (4 − 4 μ )w ⎟
⎝ NN WW NW ⎠

Leoveanu Ioan Sorin studii de caz – placi incovoiate cu geometrie dreptunghiulara 17

 Metoda diferentelor finite – Aplicatii la calculul placilor

Mx = −
D
(− 2(1 + μ )wC + wW + wE + μ (wN + wS ))
h2
M y = − 2 (− 2(1 + μ )wC + wN + wS + μ (wN + wE ))
D
h
M xy =
(1 − μ )D (w − w − w + w )
4 ⋅ h2
SE NE SW NW

D ⎛ − wC + 4 wW + (− 2 + 2 μ )wE + (1 − μ ) ⋅ ⎞
Qx = − ⎜ ⎟⎟
2 ⋅ h 3 ⎜⎝ (wNE + wSE ) − (wNW + wSW ) − www ⎠
D ⎛ − wC + 4 wN − 2(1 − μ )wS + (1 − μ )(w NE + wSW ) − ⎞
Qy = − ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
2h 3 ⎝ (wNW + w NE ) − wNN ⎠
Mx = −
D
(− 2(1 + μ )wC + wW + wE + μ (wN + wS ))
h2
M y = − 2 (− 2(1 + μ )wC + wN + wS + μ (wE + wW ))
D
h
M xy =
(1 − μ )D
(wSE − wNE − wSW + wNW )
4h 2
Q x = − 3 (4(wW − wE ) + wNE + wSE − wNW − wSW − wWW + wEE )
D
2h
D ⎛ − wC + 4 wN + 2(− 1 + μ )wS − wNW − wNE + ⎞
Q y = − 3 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
2h ⎝ (1 − μ )(wSE + wSW ) − wNN ⎠
M x = − 2 (− 2(1 + μ )wC + wW + wE + μ (wN + wS ))
D
h
M y = − 2 (− 2(1 + μ )wC + wN + wS + μ (wW + wE ))
D
h
M xy =
(1 − μ )D
(wSE − wNE − wSW + wNW )
4h 2
Q x = − 3 (4(wW − wE ) + wNE + wSE − wNW − wSW − wWW + wEE )
D
2h
Q y = − 3 (4(wN − wS ) + wSE + wSW − wNW − wNE − w NN − wSS )
D
2h

Bibliografie

1. S... Timoshenko, "Theory of Plates and Shells", McGraw-Hlll Book Co.

2. V. Southwell, "Pelasation Hsthoda in Theoretical Physics", Clarendon Press, O&ford
3. D. L. Holl, "Cantilever Plate with Concentrated Edge Loads”, Journal ef Applied Mechanics
4. Roknuzzaman, M., Hossain, M.B., Haque, M.R. and Ahmed, T.U. (2015). Analysis of Rectangular Plate
with Opening by Finite Difference Method. American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 3(5), 165-
173.
5. Szilard, R. (2004). Theories and applications of plate analysis: classical numerical and engineering
methods.John Wiley & Sons.
6. Timoshenko, S. P. and Woinowsky-Krieger, S. (1959). Theory of plates and shells. McGraw-hill.
7. Ugural, A. C. (1999). Stresses in Plates and Shells. 2nd Ed. McGraw-Hills Books Co., Singapore.
8. ETABS [Computer Software]. (2011). Computers and Structures, Inc. Version- 9.7.3

Leoveanu Ioan Sorin studii de caz – placi incovoiate cu geometrie dreptunghiulara 18