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Spondiloza Mycoplasma
cervicală pneumoniae
Note: VZV, varicella-zoster virus; HSV, herpes simplex virus; CMV, cytomegalovirus; HTLV, human T cell lymphotropic virus.
SINDROMUL DE NEURON MOTOR
PERIFERIC
este pareza/plegia cauzată de
lezarea neuronului motor
periferic
la nivelul uneia din formaţiunile
anatomice care
formează calea spino-
musculară:
- fasciculaţii musculare;
- hiporeflexie / areflexie.
SINDROMUL DE NEURON MOTOR
PERIFERIC
Manifestările electrofiziologice:
- potenţiale de fibrilaţii,
- fasciculaţii
- şi unde pozitive ascuţite.
PTER 30
coccygeal segments. The conus syndrome is distinc- uated on the side of the body they innervate. How-
tive, consisting of bilateral saddle anesthesia (S3-S5), ever, afferent fibers mediating pain and temperature
prominent bladder and bowel dysfunction (urinary sensation ascend in the spinothalamic tract contralateral
Lombarr T10-T12
Sacral T12-L1
NOŢIUNI ANATOMICE – FIZIOLOGICE DESPRE
FUNCŢIA DE CONTINENŢĂ A URINEI
ETIOLOGIE.
Virusul poliomielitic face parte din familia
Picornaviridae, genul Enterovirus. Este un virus
foarte mic (28 nm), cu 3 tipuri antigenic
distincte: tipul 1 (diverse tulpini: Brunhilde,
Mahoney etc.), tipul 2 (Lansing) şi tipul 3 (Leon,
Saukett).
POLIOMIELITA
HISTOPATHOLOGIE
Manifestări clinice
Manifestări clinice
LCR: foarfeca
Vaccinarea
20-30% din persoanele care au suferit de poliomielită pot ulterior după mulți
ani să dezvolte syndromul post-polio, cu slăbiciune musculară de novo, dureri
și handicap în evoluție crescândă.
POLIOMIELITA Replication in
tonsils
rezumat Oral transmission
of poliovirus Motor neuron
Repere:
Enterovirus
Neuronal involvement
Meningită aseptică, polioencefalită, (organ manifestation)
Neurogenic
Acute poliomyelitis muscle lesion
Postpolio syndrome
Nette
r În perioada postnatală măduva spinării se
alimentează cu sânge de către artera spinală
anterioară și două artere spinale posterioare
care sunt un canal anastomotic al ramurilor
ascendente și descendente al arterelor
Thron
radiculomedulare anterioare și posterioare.
derseiten- und Pyramidenseitenstrangs. Große Bedeutung haben Verstärkung der neuronalen Tätigkeit, z. B. in den motorischen
die Sulkokommissuralarterien, die von der vorderen Spinalarterie Vorderhornzellen für den Armplexus, führt zu einer Zunahme
aus in den ventralen Abschnitt des Rückenmarks eindringen. Im der regionalen Durchblutung in diesem Rückenmarksabschnitt.
Hals- und Brustmark tritt nur jeweils eine Sulkokommissuralarterie Eine Übersicht über die wichtigsten spinalen vaskulären Syn-
(From Hacke
1994)
. Abb. 10.1 Blutversorgung des Rückenmarks. Darstellung der arteriellen und venösen Blutversorgung im Rückenmarkquerschnitt.
Arterele Măduvei Spinării
Zülch
Miscellaneous: nonsurgical Cocaine abuse, vertebral artery dissection, spinal vascular malformation,
decompression sickness
ET
MAV Spinală : de tip Ghem (Glomus Type)
PE STÂNGA: Imagine RMN
sagitală T2 ponderată
demonstrează creșterea în
volum a măduvei spinării,
T2- hiperintensitate
medulară și vene medulare
intra- și extramedulare
lărgite.
CENTRU și PE DREAPTA:
Faza arterială și cea care
urmează în angiografia
vertebrală (proiecție antero-
posterioară) demonstrează
artera radiculomedulară de
nivel C5 crescută în
dimensiuni (săgeata roșie)
alimentând un MAV
compact cu nidus de tip
ghem (săgeata galbenă)
grație ASA fenestrată
(săgețile albe). Venele de
drenare patologic lărgite se
vizualizează în fazele mai
târzii (săgețile albastre).
MAV Spinală : Tip Juvenil
RD
MIELOPATIA COMPRESIVĂ
Compresia medulară neoplazică
ES
ession
al in origin, result-
spinal bones. The AA BB
size to the vertebral FIGURE 30-2
CHAPTER 30
Sagittal T1-weighted (A) and T2-weighted (B) MRI scans through the cervicothoracic
bone reveal Epidural
proportion ofjunction spinal cord compression due to breast carci-
an infiltrated and collapsed second thoracic vertebral body with posterior
. Almost anydisplacement
malig- noma.
and Sagittal ofT1-weighted
compression (A) and
the upper thoracic T2-weighted
spinal (B) MRI bone
cord. The low-intensity
pinal column, withsignal inscans
marrow through
A signifies the cervicothoracic
replacement by tumor. junction reveal an infil-
ma, and plasma cell trated and collapsed second thoracic vertebral body with
The thoracic cord posterior displacement and compression of the upper tho-
these, with occasional cases caused by chordoma, Spinal Epidural Abscess
FIGURE 30-4
FIGURE 30-3 MRI of an intramedullary astrocytoma. Sa
MRI of a thoracic meningioma. Coronal T1-weighted post- post-contrast image through the cervical sp
Coronal T1-weightedcontrast
post- contrast image
image through through
the thoracic thecord
spinal thoracic spinal cord
demonstrates demonstrates
expansion of the upper cervical spine by a
intense and uniformintense
enhancement of a well-circumscribed extramedullary
and uniform enhancement of a well-circumscribed mass (arrows)
nating from within the spinal cord at the
which displaces the spinal cord to the left.
extramedullary mass (arrows) which displaces the spinal cord junction. Irregular peripheral enhancement
to the left. mass (arrows).
cases prevent permanent sequelae. Aching pain is almost
always present, either over the spine or in a radicular
FIGURE 30-4
Sagittal T1-weighted post-contrast
MRI of an image
intramedullary through the
astrocytoma. cervical
Sagittal spine demonstrates
T1-weighted
expansion
nal T1-weighted post- of the upper cervical
post-contrast spine
image by a mass
through lesion emanating
the cervical from within the spinal
spine demonstrates
cord at the cervicomedullary
expansion of thejunction. Irregularspine
upper cervical peripheral enhancement
by a mass occurs within
lesion ema-
nal cord demonstrates
the mass (arrows).
a well-circumscribed nating from within the spinal cord at the cervicomedullary
splaces the spinal cord junction. Irregular peripheral enhancement occurs within the
mass (arrows).
required if encephalopathy or other clinical signs raise the improve following s
systemic and oral an
MRI of a spinal epidural abscess due to tuberculosis
the choice of antib
blood cultures. Ho
progress during an
management rema
the abscess is limite
rologic signs.
Spinal Epidural H
Hemorrhage into th
acute focal or radicu
a spinal cord or con
anticoagulation, trau
predisposing conditi
puncture or epidural
with use of low-m
A A BB CT confirm the clin
FIGURE 30-5 extent of the bleed
A. Sagittal T2-weighted free spin-echo MR sequence. A hypointense mass replacesreversal the of any unde
MRI of a spinal epidural abscess due to tuberculosis.
posterior elements of C3 and extends epidurally to compress the spinal cord (arrows).
B. SagittalA. T1-weighted
Sagittal T2-weighted decompression. Surg
image after free spin-echo
contrast MR sequence.
administration reveals a diffuse
enhancementA hypointense
of the epiduralmass replaces
process (arrows)the
withposterior
extensionelements of C3 space.recovery, especially i
into the epidural
and extends epidurally to compress the spinal cord (arrows). motor function pre
B. Sagittal T1-weighted image after contrast administration hemorrhage, lumbar
reveals a diffuse enhancement of the epidural process ever possible in pati
MRI of syringomyelia associated with a Chiari malformation
396 of a number of methods, but the ad
procedure is uncertain, and morbidit
Chiari malformations, shunting of hyd
generally precede any attempt to
Surgery may stabilize the neurologi
patients improve.
Syringomyelia secondary to trau
treated with a decompression and d
in which a small shunt is inserted b
cavity and the subarachnoid space
cavity can be fenestrated. Cases due
spinal cord tumor are generally man
of the tumor.
CHRONIC MYELOPATHY OF M
SECTION III
SCLEROSIS
FIGURE 30-7 A chronic progressive myelopathy is
Sagittal T1-weighted image through the cervical and
MRI of syringomyelia associated with a Chiari malforma-
upper thoracic spine
cause of disability in both primary p
demonstrates descent tion. of theT1-weighted
Sagittal cerebellar tonsils
image throughand vermis
the cervical and below theprogressive
ondary level offorms
the of MS. Invo
foramen magnum upper (blackthoracic spine demonstrates descent of the cerebellar
arrows). Within the substance of bilateral
the but asymmetric
cervical and and produ
tonsils and vermis below the level of the foramen magnum and bladder/bowel disturbances. Fix
Diseases of the C
46
PROTECT YOUR BRAIN
and
SPINAL CORD!
48