ORDINUL COLEOPTERA

Cuprinde insecte cunoscute popular sub denumirea de gândaci, cărăbuşi, gărgăriţe,

buburuze, purici de pământ, etc. Sunt insecte de diferite dimensiuni (0,1 – 0,2 mm până la 150
mm). Au două perechi de aripi; cele anterioare transformate în elitre, iar cele posterioare
membranoase. Uneori elitrele sunt reduse; alteori aripile posterioare sunt reduse sau chiar
lipsesc.

https://encrypted-
https://www.biolib.cz/IMG/GAL/1659 tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9
30.jpg GcTCVQRPANUVilxQp9dF55AxSwDO
KEBwcxQQmA&usqp=CAU
https://www.nexles.com/article
s/wp-
content/uploads/2019/07/Antho
nomus-pomorum-280x180.jpg
https://bugguide.net/images/cache/3
RX/QTR/3RXQTRMQNRN0DQ50OQ70
TQ40JQFKBR3KYQ80URLQNRKQK0
E0CR20S0U0CR90Z0P0K0U0K0P0JR
QQDRSQUR0QDR3KNR.jpg

https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-
https://lh3.googleusercontent. zz9q_fYxYQc/VxkU8am8z-
com/proxy/fpWkLz90_tCnZTg I/AAAAAAAAUkw/qgdKriT7SnQquN https://www.coleopt
RZOXLcpYmVN299yUs907cJ U1ihnfl7v4jCqiYAYYwCLcB/s1600/M era.org.uk/sites/ww
B0sfc9h0EDHRpXPCnekqAbv eloe-Meloe-proscarabeus-male- w.coleoptera.org.uk/
bd5u7RQUq4wS_roLDdQtjmH DSC35697-romania.jpg files/imce/species/ae
fQvuFuPwzVXhmms4 uph1a.JPG
Elitrele sunt apropiate totdeauna, intim, pe linia medio-dorsală, fără a se
acoperi, iar la baza lor se găsește scutelul vizibil, de formă triunghiulară.

https://www.coleoptera.org.uk/sites
/www.coleoptera.org.uk/files/imce/s
pecies/Lilioceris%20lilii.jpg

https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-
838603172e2b1a7eda60bca6dfc90459

https://www.vic.waterwatch.org.au/uplo
ads/file_213034.jpg
 Capul este liber, prognat, ortognat sau hipognat, puternic chitinizat.
Aparatul bucal este adaptat pentru rupt şi masticat sau pentru ros şi
masticat. Antenele sunt bine dezvoltate, pluriarticulate, alcătuite în
general din 10 – 11 articole, putând fi: filiforme, moniliforme, pectinate,
lamelate, măciucate, etc.
 Capul este liber, prognat, ortognat sau hipognat, puternic chitinizat. Aparatul bucal este
adaptat pentru rupt şi masticat sau pentru ros şi masticat. Antenele sunt bine dezvoltate,
pluriarticulate, alcătuite în general din 10 – 11 articole, putând fi: filiforme, moniliforme, pectinate,
lamelate, măciucate, etc.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e
5/EB1911_Coleoptera_-
_Fig._1.%E2%80%94Structure_of_Male_Stag-
Beetle.jpg
 Protoracele este bine dezvoltat, mezotoracele şi metatoracele sunt unite. Picioarele
sunt adaptate pentru alergat, sărit, săpat, înot, etc. Tarsul este format din din 2 – 5 articole,
terminat cu 2 gheare. Abdomenul, cel mai adesea este alungit şi se leagă de torace printr-o
bază largă.
Sunt specii ovipare. Ouăle sunt depuse pe sol sau în pământ, la suprafaţă sau în
interiorul plantelor. Metamorfoza este holometabolă şi numai excepţional hipermetabolă
(Meloidae). Larvele sunt oligopode sau apode, iar pupa este liberă. Regimul de hrană este
foarte variat. Există specii fitofage, zoofage, necrofage, etc.
Numărul speciilor de coleoptere, cunoscute pe glob, depăşeşte 300000 şi sunt grupate
în două subordine: Adephaga şi Polyphaga.
https://aggie-
horticulture.tamu.edu/galveston/beneficials_images/1c_archives/beneficial-00-
D=Fig1_Complete_metamorphosis.jpg
Gandacul ghebos - Zabrus tenebrioides
 Gandacul florilor - Oxythyrea funesta
Gandacul paros - Epicometis hirta

https://insects.nature4stock.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Tropinota-hirta-
IMG_7213.jpg

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com
mons/9/93/Oxythyrea_funesta_-
https://live.staticflickr.com/7026/6544819543_619c4eb24a_z.jpg _Pedicularis_sceptrum-carolinum_-
_Keila.jpg
 Coleoptera - Curculionidae
Gărgărița coletului - Otiorrhynchus sulcatus Fab.

https://www.dkbdigitaldesigns.com/clm/sites/default/files/images/CLM-
8490.jpg

https://bugwoodcloud.org/images/768x512/1549798.jpg

https://bugwoodcloud.org/images/768x512/2130078.jpg
https://www.gapphotos.com/images/LargeWebPreview/0181/0181
 Coleoptera - Curculionidae
Țigărarul - Bycticus betulae

https://ukrbin.com/files/68/CRW_70030.jpg
https://www.floraitaliae.actaplantarum.org/download/file.php?id=
2411

https://baza.biomap.pl/images/taxa/coleoptera/big/Byc
tiscus_betulae-Borowiec_L-1026609-20150209004537-
Byctiscus_betulae_ov.jpg

https://www.coleoptera.org.uk/sites/www.coleop
tera.org.uk/files/imce/species/byctibet_leafroll_
RSK.jpg

https://bladmineerders.nl/wordpress/wp-
content/uploads/2020/07/5619-200710_00.gif
Coleoptera – Chrysomelidae
Gandacul rosu al crinului –
Lilioceris lilii

https://pics.davesgarden.co
m/pics/2007/06/09/wallaby1/e
a9f93.jpg

https://photos.smugmug.com/Wildlife/Insects/C
https://bugguide.net/images/raw/WZ
oleoptera/Lilioceris-lilii/i-
G/L2Z/WZGL2ZHL8ZZLEZSL6Z8HZR
dCM4sRr/0/b009aaf6/L/Lily%20Leaf%20Beetle%
UHZREHLR8LWZ4LUZ4LZRMLVZIL
2C%20Lilioceris%20lilii%20PT7_5555-L.jpg
5Z8HAH0L4Z7L9ZEHLRPH1H8HOH
MHDH.jpg

https://encrypted-
tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQVpOjfkJSm7qaEK6gB
RUUQidBI_11XpPxsdg&usqp=CAU
 Gandacul rosu al plopului -Chrysomela populi

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co
mmons/thumb/8/8b/Chrysomela_populi_M
F.jpg/220px-Chrysomela_populi_MF.jpg

https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/wp-
content/uploads/2014/11/le_larve_piu_devastanti_degli
_adulti_muoiono_ai_primi_freddi_invernali.jpg

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co https://gd.eppo.int/media/data/taxon/C/CHRSPO/pics/1024x0/
mmons/3/33/Melasoma_populi.jpg 2449.jpg

Minodora Gutue
 Catelul frasinului ( Cantarida) - Lytta vesicatoria

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Lytta_ https://insects.nature4stock.com/wp-
vesicatoria_up.JPG/1200px-Lytta_vesicatoria_up.JPG content/uploads/2012/10/IMG_8876_Lytta_vesicatoria.jpg
 Coleoptera - Buprestidae
Ovalisia festiva

https://encrypted-
tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTX
KGwPyAad7y_AKD7QobG4zkNHPsjcDe2M
Fw&usqp=CAU
https://encrypted-
tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQDyZ3
Q3RGEBWgTS8Yivh-
uIDXL9mWIFZhriQ&usqp=CAU
Lungimea corpului: 6 -8 mm

https://encrypted-
tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSPzafh
qMSh7FsEWbD_2OP0ndNIdcRTj9_JNA&usqp=
CAU
Coleoptera - Cerambycidae
Semanotus russicus

https://www.galerie-
insecte.org/galerie/image/dos155/big/6_
dscn4906_ok_fr.jpg
https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/PGV-
AHYXBlh5JHsMOO0XnX17-ilnNn2-
LfnjklOp70DyTnSXSQkzqPhmjKYzpN8Wfk_ARAmvl-
ROSiNzv_CtVB5SsNNH8Fz3_2SjeD2rgLzp4bPBu1qtyo9kgdgNuRO
WNtl5zXNaBA

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/cDN
0kyHeWXRZ2EDxJuXz6HZYzwZVwue-
0_QfTX0uE8KngQtZe8GRi8Q8Zwwq9asxqcm
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https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/
V5lh3yBCpUiaF_tJX_KKByKgEpgcYwLHpXut
proxy/sld2tOkNUahvi2CRWAjlcplV
b2a
Ww1Fub67Cq_JZ2zaYXmZaYxM6J
Mrbyhh6IAq4KvMik5fiwsa8uO_C96
V86Te48MoyVDHI7ko
COLEOPTERA – Melolonthidae
CĂRĂBUŞUL DE STEPĂ – Anoxia
villosa F.

https://www.sanatateaplantelor.r
o/wp-
content/uploads/2018/09/Fig-6-
Larve-de-viermi-albi.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commo
ns/6/66/Anoxia_villosa01.jpg
https://www.biodiversidadvirtual.org/insectari
um/data/media/21016/Anoxia-(Anoxia)-
villosa-(Fabricius-1781)-236163.jpg
 Carabusul de mai - Melolontha melolontha

https://www.koppert.com/content/_processed_/
9/a/csm_Melolontha_melolontha_adult_2d72e1
3420.jpg
https://images.fineartamerica.com/images-
medium-large-5/cockchafer-larva-
melolontha-melolontha-dr-jeremy-
burgessscience-photo-library.jpg

https://scx1.b-
cdn.net/csz/news/800/2016/thedandelion.jpg
https://www.koppert.com/content/_processed_/b/4
https://ephytia.inra.fr/en/I/30605/Vers-blancs1 /csm_Melolontha_melolontha_damage_08609a8f1
3.jpg
 Gandacii pocnitori sau viermii sarma - Agriotes spp.

https://bugguide.net/images/cache/2HF/ https://www.glissando.ro/wp-
HWH/2HFHWHYH8HWZ0LAZ8L1Z7LVZIL content/uploads/2019/05/Agriotes-spp.-
WZLLPZKL6Z0LBH5HEZHLUZHL8ZQLG Viermi-s%C3%A2rm%C4%83-1.jpg
Z7LJHNHTHQL1HSL4ZZLAHMHOHXHAH
XH4Z7LAZ.jpg

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Robin_Kun
drata/publication/339415549/figure/fig1/AS:86110
6985766912@1582315312319/Habitus-images-of- https://ephytia.inra.fr/en/I/30525/Taupin2
the-examined-Agriotes-species-A-A-acuminatus-
B-A-lineatus-C.png
https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/3cAejC3K
J7dJiwEoy34H02hauvYInTe_KoY-c70sHzhBq_lhK- https://media.sciencephoto.co
Lmn1pCyUKbUnDLvjuQYl6AdXliLxBD7S3jboX- m/c0/01/77/99/c0017799-800px-
KuYe9BizRgf6xeN6cLrZlcPMo9m948jStSvLBUEYC_ wm.jpg
-fs1JvgPyK62vqifK1GYMSZFZPVR67
 ORDINUL LEPIDOPTERA
Cuprinde insecte cunoscute popular sub denumirea de fluturii şi molii. Au corpul de
diferite mărimi, de la mici până la mari (1 – 60 mm), acoperit cu peri şi solzi de diferite
culori. Capul este liber, hipognat. Prezintă 2 ochi compuşi şi oceli. Antenele sunt bine
dezvoltate şi de diferite forme. Aparatul bucal transformat într-o trompă (spiritrompă)
adaptat pentru supt. Au în general 2 perechi de aripi membranoase şi acoperite cu solzi, de
unde şi denumirea de “lepidoptere”. La unele specii femelele sunt aptere sau numai cu
rudimente de aripi.
Larvele sunt în general polipode, cunoscute popular sub denumirea
de “omizi”, pupele obtecte.
https://www.noisiamoagricoltura.com/
wp-content/uploads/2019/08/5429090-
1.jpg
https://www.pacsworlds.com/blogs/wp-
content/uploads/2012/06/Caterpillar-06-15-12-lo-
res.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co
mmons/thumb/d/da/Agrotis_ipsilon_larva.
jpg/1200px-Agrotis_ipsilon_larva.jpg

https://www.biolib.cz/IMG/GAL/149926.
jpg
https://www.sanatateaplantelor.ro/wp-
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/common
content/uploads/2019/07/fig.-2-la-6-24_Erannis-defoliaria-
s/c/ca/Operophtera_brumata_-_Burgenland.jpg
300x200.jpg
https://cdn.wwb.co.uk/image/cache/data/Pieridae2/Bra
ssicae%20pupa%209127%20Sm-600x600.jpg
https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/srMZDxXzEnXYAedqpBONfbNB2L
drh-nyNo_r3-
Odb_2w1lZTNFWonHdFyHAZMPav4eNKzG_nZfCa2YM8R4Yb4a6azDQxanDZ
gOxNaNA

https://www.sericicultura.targulagri
cultorilor.ro/ari_afisare_thumbnail.p
hp?image=33
https://bugguide.net/images/cache/YQ5/0CQ/YQ50CQ40H0HQ
ORXQCR0QTR7Q3R7Q3RU0DR60H020Q0503Q90FQ50ARZQ3
QX0BRLQJQYKURLQ9RM0TQ50YQYKWRFKNRJK.jpg
https://www.clintoncountypa.com/Home/ShowPublishedImage/424/63725743033
1130000
 Viermele merelor - Cydia pomonella

https://www.hantsmoths.org.uk/i
https://www.nexles.com/articles/wp-
mages/Cydia_pomonella_pillar_0
content/uploads/2019/08/Cydia-
https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/- 037_David_G_Green.jpg
pomonella.jpg
4t4yao6XR0sClLWiwd2galDRWwUwgI7ixh_dIZ0gnX4EU2
BEemDoK9BIFEg9fmw_PaHQ2hWrKU6KaXSwlxevVD9X3
IVt1l_xH7NaVVPk6amQDguPICftQXPDbedTmKXNtvWyP2
ssPjtCOsHwbUhQnvFAOhQqYISfvxFrJ93kAaGnnbRZ68c
JbRRp6rMqloSxw

https://doorcountypulse.com/wp-
content/uploads/2017/06/codling-moth-
damage-e1496937769342-660x440.jpg
https://apples.ahdb.org.uk/images/files/codling-moth-larva.jpg
https://i.ytimg.com/vi/TBAs0YX0IhM/maxresdefault.jpg
 Omida paroasa a dudului - Hyphantria cunea

https://www.glissando.ro/wp-
content/uploads/2019/05/Hyphantria-cunea-
https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/mV Omida-p%C4%83roas%C4%83-a-dudului-3.jpg
kinrBzm843lnMMmXWvdT2pHdLHDneYnZi_7
DJxLFqgxXxgLH2QSozTSrP4xFRUYbj2gWUI
iiJYk5oKMbha5vMZGw3KeuOIYZeJkRuV

https://dkbdigitaldesigns.com/clm/sites/def
ault/files/images/Hyphantria-cunea-Jul-09-
08.jpg

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/27MQ45mJSP
http://bugoftheweek.com/blog/2013/8/19/world-wide-webworm- dz0ug6QVKZoCTeTlfA4v_DZd1tJ9oYXpCZrRJIqY2JfEO
fall-webworm-ihyphantria-cuneai AG9BF6M2U98p05aAjpx1KMS2w3Z1OdCvZNkRGoHdC
dnO90Gw6QIZHcEIZwAWajUXt
 Buha semanaturilor - Agrotis segetum

https://www.pesticide.ro/images/daunat
ori/buha-semanaturilor-agrotis-
segetum-39_0_3.jpg

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/Ix7B5lEJAsz https://www.pesticide.ro/images/daunat
moNUmJ_wtldf6MQxjJcWYsDWo13Ne_fmdYaRLkZ- ori/buha-semanaturilor-agrotis-
iTBlaHlAwowjkAUILIp2i-KLbpnKrpcdRUw segetum-39_2_3.jpg

https://bugwoodcloud.org/images/768x512/5361045.jpg
 Omida fructificatiilor - Helicoverpa armigera armigera

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/comm
ons/b/b4/Helicoverpa_armigera_%2831662117
02%29.jpg

https://www.pestnet.org/fact_sheets/assets/image/t
omato_fruit_borer_corn_earworm_112/heliverpato
m.jpg
 Buha gama - Authgrapha gamma

https://www.koppert.com/content/_processed_/f/2/csm
_Autographa_gamma_80466f3d56.jpg
https://www.google.com/url?s
a=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.
wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSilv https://lh4.ggpht.com/Uyk2IpoPJOltC-
er_Y&psig=AOvVaw3jALX5_H Xl7ME2jE_XbCHh7Mec86-
fJ- c0K5oaY0lB5WvibcLCxqIeJyRFNeTyzgX1VKcNEnf4YUs
BEORF2MeZzI&ust=16075227 jz8X=s580
30280000&source=images&cd
=vfe&ved=0CAMQjB1qFwoTCI
DDuoDHvu0CFQAAAAAdAAA
AABAN

https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/3-s2.0-
B9780123877376500029-f02-61-
9780123877376.jpg
 INELARUL - Malacosoma neustria L.

https://bugwoodcloud.org/images/1536x1024/2169021.jpg

https://st2.depositphotos.com/7480148/10814/i/950/d https://a4.pbase.com/o6/36/682736/1/7858
epositphotos_108142412-stock-photo-lackey-moth- 5849.WEXTTDAF.ringelrups2.jpg
caterpillers-malacosoma-neustria.jpg
OMIDA PĂROASĂ A STEJARULUI - Lymantria dispar dispar L.

https://bugwoodcloud.org/images/768x512/2168016.jpg

https://bugguide.net/images/cache/7KB/K8K/7KBK
8KVKQKJ06QA0PQZSNQF0NQRSUQA00KNKRKP
KRKC0AQY0WQHSIKZSGKZSNQ1K9QHSIKBKIKE
KLKNK8QY0GKLSWQ.jpg

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/WQny
JShxJS7Gi-ht6iwLv-
mzcSlRM10RVF9FjOEpGbY13ecWClf1cHzMJ8dI
3KQPOUMvt3_4rLm72lr3xey_TukKgQxQfk5OJu
https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/ 8hJ7RGvHz8P7Py
Bmze263eMzMAcLsF5G1SeBdO6MbYJjc0
yC7KXkIFrYxRFz3dWKBGrvpGSVvQR-
5s1UDtKfz92BT0MMINPID3WIpnbeK8owfi
s1bHfWAdoc0VHPCJpA
Molia plantelor de Buxus – Cydalima perspectalis

https://lepidoptera.nature4stock.com/wp-
content/uploads/2017/09/IMG_7347-
73_Cydalima_perspectalis_s.jpg
 Minierul frunzelor de castan – Cameraria ohridella

https://www.koppert.com/content/_processed_/8
/1/csm_Cameraria_ohridella_4da505bb73.jpg

https://bugwoodcloud.org/images/768x512/5410738.jpg

https://www.koppert.com/content/_processed_/6/d/csm_
Cameraria_ohridella_2_92b24e7c58.jpg
Insecta bat (Phryganistra chinensis)- 62,4 cm
 Increngatura NEMATHELMINTHES

- animale cu corpul cilindric (viermi

cilindrici);
- caracterizate prin prezenta unei cavitati
interne, a intestinului posteriorsi a orificiului
anal;
- sistemul respirator si sistemul ciculator
lipsesc;
- sexele sunt separate;
 CLASA NEMATODA

- animale cu corpul lung si subtire, filiform sau fusiform,

circular in sectiune transversala si nearticulat;

- femele la unele specii iau forma de sac sau de lamaie,

ori devin globuloase;

- corpul nematozilor este alcatiut din : cap, trunchi si

coada, acoperit de o cuticula rezistenta si flexibila;
- cea mai mare parte a nematozilor paraziti la plante sunt
ovipari, femelele depun ouale de regula in tesuturile
plantelor;
- majoritatea speciilor au mai multe generatii pe an,
preferand pentru dezvoltare medii umede;
 INCRENGATURA MOLLUSCA

- animale nevertebrate, cunoscute sub numele de

melci, sepii, caracatite;

- corpul este moale, impartit in trei regiuni :cap,

trunchi si picior, partea ventrala musculoasa a
corpului.

- la majoritatea molustelor corpul este inchis intr-o

cochilie calcaroasa bine dezvoltata.
 CLASA GASTEROPODA
- gasteropodele se deosebesc de celelalte moluste
prin cochilia lor spiralata si prin asimetria corpului;
 INCRENGATURA ARTHROPODA

CLASA ARACHNIDA

- arthropode terestre lipsite de antene si aripi;

- corpul este format din 2 regiuni : cefalotorace si

abdomen;

- au patru perechi de picioare;

- respiratia este cutanee sau traheana;

- sexele sunt separate, dar se pot reproduce si

partenogenetic;

- majoritaea speciilor au un regim de hrana zoofag si

numai o mica parte se hranesc cu vegetale (Ord.Acari).
 CLASA CRUSTACEA

- arthropode cu tegumentul chitinos, deseori incrustat cu saruri

calcaroase;
- corpul este bine segmentat, impartit în cap, torace şi abdomen;
- la cap prezinta 5 perechi de apendice : o pereche de antene, o
pereche de mandibule şi 2 perechi de maxile;
- toracele are un numar variabil de segmente, uneori diferit şi
dupa specie;
- abdomenul se termina cu un telson, care poate fi contopit cu
ultimul segment abdominal;
- respiraţia este branhială sau cutanee;
- sexele sunt in general separate, dar exista şi forme
hermafrodite;
- majoritatea sunt specii acvatice, dar se intalnesc şi forme de
uscat, populand mai ales medii umede.
 CLASA MYRIAPODA

- cupride arthropode terestre cu respiratia traheana ;

- corp alungit :cap si trunchi;
- trunchiul este format din numeroase segmente, purtand
fiecare 1-2 perechi de picioare articulate;
- regimul de hrana este fitofag sau carnivor;
- majoritatea speciilor se hranesc cu diferite vegetale in
descompunere, dar sunt si unele specii care pot produce
vatamari la plante (solarii, ciupercarii, etc.).
 INCRENGATURA VERTEBRATA

- animale superioare care prezinta coloana vertebrala si

corp diferentiat in cap, trunchi si membre;

CLASA MAMMALIA (MAMIFERA)

- animale vertebrate homeoterme, cu corpul acoperit in

general de par, care nasc pui vii, pe care ii hranesc cu
lapte produs de glandele mamare.
ORDINUL LOGOMORPHA
Fam. Leporidae – Lepus europaeus
ORDINUL RODENTIA
Fam. SCIURIDAE –Citellus citellus
Fam. Cricetidae –Cricetus cricetus
Fam. Muridae –Mus musculus