Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Exemplu titlu:
Amplasarea experienței
(amplasarea geografică,
condițiile staționale,
ecologice etc.)
Prezentarea principalelor date și informații despre zona
(arealul, site-ul, suprafața) investigată
Amplasare
Pădurea Bejan-Deva este recunoscută în România ca centru de hibridare interspecifică între
cvercinee, proces facilitat pe de o parte de interferenţa arealistică a speciilor autohtone ale
acestui gen, cu excepţia stejarului brumăriu.
Pe de altă parte, procesul de hibridare în arboretele din pădurea Bejan este şi o consecinţă a
condiţiilor climatice locale, care determină în mod obişnuit o suprapunere a fenofazelor antezei
la taxonii respectivi (Stănescu et al., 1991).
S=70 ha
Piețe de probă:
Forma: circulară
Raza: 12.62 m
Supraf. =500 m2
Nr. piețe
[Obiective, problematici urmărite etc. – Exemplu, FAO]
Variables
It is important to reconcile the need for a comprehensive data set at country level for management
actions with the requirements for global assessment that looks at the causal factors (natural or human)
causing positive or negative changes.
One of the major outputs from permanent plots is information on growth of forest stands and species, which is widely lacking in the tropical
world and hence limiting seriously adequate management planning and forestry development in general. The design of a sampling based partially on
permanent field plots should secure yielding precise growth models of the forest stands and of some important species selected socially, environmentally
and economically.
The survey should extend to tree species as well as to stand characteristics, which can provide a
comprehensive understanding of the economical, social and ecological values of the tree species and forests.
It should extend to site parameters and social environment within the forest. As far as forest is concerned,
the various functions should be assessed for protection, production and aesthetic.
Protection includes soil and water conservation, biodiversity preservation (faunal and floral components), carbon sequestration, etc. Production
refers to timber, other wood and non-wood products.
Having these considerations in mind, the following set of variables may be included in country surveys for their measurement in the field. A
team of national experts should refine the final set, in collaboration with FAO as leading agency for this work and main user of the results for global
resources assessment. The survey should cover the attributes that describe aspects of:
http://www.fao.org/3/ad664e/ad664e05.htm
[Obiective, problematici urmărite etc.]
b. Environmental aspects
- Ecological zone (e.g. wet, moist, dry, very dry, arid, desertic, etc.)
- Forest ecosystems (e.g. mountains, lowland, gallery, swamp, mangroves, etc.)
- Vegetation community (species composition, frequency of occurrence, etc.)
- Health of forest
- Forest degradation (removal of selected species, elimination by fire, change forest from closed canopy to open or fragmented forest
cover, etc.)
- Deforestation (clearing of forest cover for the aim of transforming the forest land into temporary cultivation or permanent crop land)
- Type of spatial pattern of the forest area (scattered gaps of non-forest land, oblong gaps of non-forest land, island of forest, belt of
forest, none)
- Forest fires and other damages
- Endemic species (from existing lists)
- Endangered and threatened species (from existing lists)
- Soil
- Water resources (erosion)
- Wildlife and wildlife habitat
- Aspect of relief terrain (N, NW, NE, W, SW, SE, S and E), slope, elevation.
- Protection status (national park, game and/or gene reserve, official hunting area, open hunting and other resources collection area,
etc.)
- Land and resources tenure (state, private, community, etc.)
http://www.fao.org/3/ad664e/ad664e05.htm
[Obiective, problematici urmărite etc.]
c. Social environment
- Land-use type (assigned function to the land: wood production, grazing, agriculture, environmental protection, other infrastructure
scheme)
- Type of agriculture (permanent farming system, shifting cultivation, agro-forestry)
- Use of bush fire (land clearing, grazing, hunting, household and people’s protection)
- Settlements (permanent, temporary, construction in concrete or with local material)
- Number of house holds
- Main activities of local population (agricultural activities, trading, services, etc.)
- List of non-wood products extracted from the surrounding forest
- Forest-man relation by eco-region through a rapid rural appraisal (questionnaire for RRA to be designed with the help of a
sociologist).
General variables: date of assessment, province, district and locality, and names of field crew members.
Plot variables: Forest name, compartment, sub-compartment number, plot number, X and Y co-ordinates. (Refer to variable template in
annex 3)
http://www.fao.org/3/ad664e/ad664e05.htm
Exemple de posibile caractere cantitative şi/sau
calitative la arbori, care pot fi analizate
Caracteristicile frunzelor
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagaceae
Variabilitate
Modern leaf variability in Quercus cerris!
Denk, T., Güner, H. T., Bouchal, J. M., & Kallanxhi, M. E. (2019). The
Pleistocene flora of Bezhan, southeast Albania: early appearance of extant
tree species. Historical Biology, 1-23.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333222308_The_Pleistocene_flo
ra_of_Bezhan_southeast_Albania_early_appearance_of_extant_tree_speci
es
Descriptori posibili (la frunze):
PU (intensitatea părozităţii pe dosul laminei, evaluată pe scara cu 6 trepte de intensitate propusă de
Kissling, 1977),
NL (numărul de lobi),
NV (numărul de nervuri intercalare),
BS (forma bazei frunzei, evaluată pe o scară numerică de ordonare cu 9 trepte, de la 1 - cuneată la 9 -
auriculată),
OB (forma laminei; OB = 100 x WP/LL),
PR (ponderea lungimii peţiolului: PR = 100 x PL / (LL + PL),
LWR (variabilă transformată obţinută cu relaţia: LWR = 100 x LW/LL ),
LDR (variabilă transformată rezultată din relaţia LDR = 100 x (LW – SW) / LW) şi
PV (variabilă transformată rezultată din relaţia: PV = 100 x NV / NL).
1 9.2 10.5 9.3 12.3 14.0 9.0 11.5 9.6 11.5 13.0 14.0 11.3
2 9.1 10.2 9.5 12.1 13.5 12.1 14.1 13.1 12.2 14.2 14.7 11.1
3 9.7 9.9 11.4 13.5 14.2 11.0 11.9 12.0 9.39 14.3 14.9 12.1
4 9.3 10.5 9.3 12.4 14.0 12.0 12.8 12.0 11.5 14.6 14.2 11.4
5 9.1 9.6 9.2 12.3 13.7 9.7 14.7 9.7 10.6 14.1 14.3 12.1
6 8.8 9.8 9.8 12.3 14.2 10.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 14.4 14.6 11.3
7 8.9 10.8 10.2 12.7 14.3 11.0 11.8 10.6 12.8 14.7 14.4 12.5
8 8.7 9.9 9.3 12.5 14.6 12.0 12.0 12.7 19.9 13.6 13.2 11.5
9 9.6 9.8 9.4 12.2 14.2 9.9 14.9 9.5 11.8 14.2 13.2 12.6
10 9.3 10.6 9.5 13.3 13.1 12.0 12.9 12.8 11.6 13.1 14.1 12.9
20.0 18.2
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0 10.7 10.2
10.0 8.9
8.0
8.0 6.7 7.1 7.1 7.1
6.2 6.2
6.0
4.0 3.6
2.0
0.0
15
14
13
12
11
10
Curtu AL, Gailing O, Finkeldey R (2009). Patterns of contemporary hybridization inferred from paternity analysis in a
four-oak-species forest. BMC Evolutionary Biology 9(1):1-9.
Şofletea N, Moldovan IC, Enescu MC, Crăciunesc I, Curtu AL (2011). Consideraţii privind identificarea hibrizilor între
speciile autohtone de cvercinee. Revista pădurilor 1:6-11.
Bruschi P, Vendramin GG, Bussotti F, Grossoni P (2000). Morphological and molecular differentiation between Quercus
petraea (Matt.) Liebl. and Quercus pubescens Willd. (Fagaceae) in northern and central Italy. Annals of Botany 85:325-
333. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1999.1046
Viscosi V, Lepais O, Gerber S, Fortini P (2009). Leaf morphological analyses in four European oak species (Quercus)
and their hybrid: A comparison of traditional and geometric morphometric methods. Plant Biosystems 143(3):564-574.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/11263500902723129