Sfaturi pentru invatarea limbii engleze Invatarea unei limbi straine este asemenea unei calatorii.

Aceasta calatorie poate fi placuta si interesanta, sau obositoare si dificila. Va oferim aici cateva sfaturi cu ajutorul carora sa va puteti bucura mai mult de aceasta minunata experienta! Eficienta, eficienta, eficienta Nu este un secret ca o limba straina se invata cel mai bine atunci cand locuiesti in mijlocul celor care vorbesc aceasta limba. Interactiunea contiuna este cel mai eficient mod de a invata o limba straina. Dar, daca nu planuiti sa va mutati prea curand in S.U.A., exista si alte solutii. Cautati un vorbitor fluent de limba engleza (chiar daca nu este strain) si petreceti cat mai mult timp impreuna, straduindu-va sa vorbiti numai si numai in limba engleza. Incet-incet, muzicalitatea limbii engleze va va deveni tot mai familiara si veti culege cuvinte noi din mers. Pe locul al treilea se afla mijloacele multimedia, in special filmele si muzica in limba engleza, eventual subtitrate. Faceti rost de cat mai multe filme in limba engleza si uitati-va la ele din nou si din nou. Nu conteaza foarte mult calitatea filmului, important este sa fie foare multe dialoguri si eventual sa se vorbeasca clar (accente jamaicane sau irlandeze nu va sunt de prea mult folos in aceasta faza a procesului de invatare). Foarte multi tineri au invatat limba engleza de la desene animate si dallas (pe cand cartoon-network era in engleza). Pe locul patru se afla CD-urile speciale pentru invatarea limbii engleze, de genul Rosseta Stone sau Pimsleur, care sunt bunicele, dar raportul pret calitate le dezavantajeaza. Vom vorbi despre ele pe larg in viitor. Cititul este un alt mijoc de exersare a limbii engleze. In ziua de azi, pe langa biblioteci si librarii, veti gasi enorm de mult material de citit pe internet. De asemenea nu trebuie subestimata puterea jocurilor in invatarea unei limbi straine. Pe viitor vom trata toti acesti pasi in detaliu. Pana atunci succes si nu uitati, have fun!

Where there's a will there's a way. You can't have your cake and eat it too. You can't tell a book by it's cover. Actions speak louder than words.

Unde este vointa se gaseste si posibilitate.

Nu poti sa ai prajitura si sa o si mananci.

Nu poti judeca o carte dupa copertile ei.

Faptele vorbesc mai tare decat cuvintele.

Don't wash your dirty linen in public.

Nu-ti spala rufele murdare in public.

There is more than one way to skin a cat.

Exita mai multe modalitati de a jupui o pisica. (Cu sensul de: sunt mai multe moduri in care poti sa faci un anumit lucru)

Don't put all your eggs in one basket. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. As you make your bed, so you must lie upon it. He who laughs last laughs best.
Cuvinte necesare

Nu-ti pune toate ouale intr-un singur cos.

O pasare in mana face mai mult decat doua pasari din tufis.

Asa cum iti faci patul, trebuie sa dormi in el.

Cine rade la urma rade mai bine.

Bine ati venit in sectiunea Cuvinte necesare. Aici gasiti cele mai importante cuvinte din limba engleza .

Adjective

able = capabil (to be able to do something = a fi n stare sa faca ceva absent = absent; (absent minded neatent, distrat ) active = activ, energic; agil actual = real, adevarat, veritabil afraid = speriat; (to be afraid of a-i fi teama de; I am afraid not cred ca nu) alive = (de) viu; (Look alive! Misca-te! )

ancient = antic; vechi angry = mnios, suparat; (to be angrily somebody a se supara pe cineva) appropriate = potrivit, convenabil asleep = adormit, (fast asleep dormind profund) available = disponibil; folositor; de gasit awake = treaz; constient aware = constient ( awareness = constienta ) bad = rau, imoral( bad language = cuvinte de ocara); neplacut( bad weather = vreme rea); de calitate proasta (bad translation = traducere proasta ) basic = de baza, fundamental, esential beautiful = foarte frumos, magnific big = mare; important; vast; ncins, mpresmuit; corpolent; ( to grow big = a se ngrasa; to tolk big = a lua pe cineva de sus ) bitter = acerb, aspru, amar; nversunat; patrunzator; riguros black = negru; brun; (fig) obscur, sumbru, trist blind = orb, obscur; insensibil la blue = albastru;( the blues = proasta dispozitie; blues = (melodie) bluz ) brave = curajos, brav, viteaz; (fig) faimos, excelent bright = stralucitor; vese; politicos; luminos;destept, ager (bright faces= fete vesele); brilliant = stralucitor, sclipitor broad = larg; mare, gros, ntins; vast; deschis la minte brown = brun, brunet, oaches; maro, cafeniu; saten; sumbru; ( in a brown study = cufundat n gnduri ) busy = agitat, ocupat; n miscare; neastmparat, zburdalnic; srguincios, zelos, prompt calm = calm; linistit; (to get calm = a se calma ) capitalist = capitalist careful = atent; grijuliu; prudent, econom; plin de griji, ngrijorat central = central; important; principal certain = sigur; convins; oarecare ( for certain = cu siguranta; a certain person = o oarecare persoana ) cheap = ieftin; prost; fara valoare chemical = chimic clean = curat; nevinovat; pur clear = clar, limpede; curat; lamurit clever = istet; priceput; destept close = apropiat; nchis; (close at hand = prin apropiere; close to = aproape de; close friend = prieten apropiat) cold = rece; neprietenos comfortable = comod; confortabil; ( make yourself comfortable = fa-te comod ) common = comun, obisnuit; al tuturor; (the common man = omul de pe strada ) communist = comunist complete = complet, ntreg complex = complex; complicat concerned = preocupat, interesat, grijuliu conscious = constient (de) content = multumit contrary = contrar, nefavorabil cool = racoros; rece; calm (keep cool= fii calm ) cruel = crud; nemilos curious = curios; dornic sa stie; ciudat current = n uz; curent; actual damp = umed dangerous = periculos dark = ntunecos; de culoare nchisa; neplacut dead = mort; amortit;( the dead of night toiul noptii; dead-end = fundatura; dead sure = foarte sigur) deaf = surd dear = drag; scump ( she is a dear = e o dulceata deep = adnc; profund delicate = fin; fragil; delicat delightful = ncntator; minunat dependent = dependent different = diferit difficult = greu, dificil direct = drept; direct; sincer dirty = murdar; obscen due = datorat; cuvenit;( due to = datorita; due = datorie,cotizatie )

dull = tern; mohort; prost; plictisitor; bont dumb = mut dusty = prafos, prafuit early = timpuriu; la nceput de easy = usor; tihnit economic = economic elastic = elastic; flexibil electric = electric empty = gol; nelocuit; fara continu equal = egal; (equal to = n stare sa ) exact = exact; precis excited = emotionat, excitat, surescitat, enervat fair = drept; cinstit, rezonabil; potrivit; frumos; blond; corect false = fals; gresit familiar = familiar famous = celebru; renumit far = departe; mult; (so far = pna acum; so far, so good = pna acum toate bune; far and away = de departe;) fat = gras; garnisit; ( fat- head = prostanac ) fertile = roditor, prolific few = putin, putina final = final; decisiv; definitiv financial = financiar fine = senin; bun; fin; ascutit; (one fine day = ntr-o buna zi;) firm = tare; solid; ferm; sigur foggy = cetos; vag following = urmator foolish = prostesc foreign = strain; extern free = liber; generos frequent = frecvent; obisnuit fresh = proaspat; curat; aprins; ndraznet; (fresh water = apa dulce ) friendly = prietenos; amical funny = nostim; caraghios; ciudat full = plin; bucalat; ntreg (full stop = punct ) general = general; vag; nedefinit ( as a general rule = n general ) gentle = blnd; tandru; prietenos; placut; lin glad = bucuros; mbucurator; (glad rags = haine de sarbatoare ) good = bun; cum trebuie; cumsecade; benefic; capabil; placut; (to have a good time = a se distra; in good time = la timpul potrivit; as good as = aproape; good-for-nothing = neispravit; good looking = frumos; good-natured = altruist; good sense = bun simt ) grateful = recunoscator great = mare; bun; important; minunat; (great coat = palton) greedy = lacom green = verde; crud; neexperimentat grey = cenusiu, gri, plumburiu, sur guilty = vinovat handsome = aratos; generos happy = fericit hard = tare; dur; greu; dificil; aspru; puternic ( a hard nut to crack = o problema grea; hard-hearted =insensibil ) healthy = sanatos; benefic heavy = greu; greoi; nchis; sumbru; plicticos; (heavy-handed = nendemnatic; heavy-hearted = ndurerat; ) high = nalt; important; acut; nobil; (high and low = toate paturile sociale ) honest = sincer; cinstit hot = fierbinte; iute; violent; ritmat human = uman hungry = flamand ill = bolnav; prost; rau; aspru important = important; de vaza impossible = imposibil independent = independent individual = individual industrial = industrial

injured = ranit; vatamat; ofensat intelligent = inteligent interesting = interesant international = international joint = comun, unic kind = bun; prietenos; amabil large = mare; ntins; deschis (la minte) last = ultim; recent late = trziu; ntrziat; fost; decedat lazy = lenes left = stng legal = legal likely = probabil little = mic; micut; putin; tnar; putin; (little by little = treptat; after a little = dupa putin) local = local lonely = singuratic; izolat; retras long = lung; mult; mare; loose = slobod; liber; larg; imoral; vag;( to have a screw loose a-i lipsi o doaga ) loud = tare low = scund; jos; redus; mic; scazut; primar, umil lucky = norocos main = principal major = major, important many = multi; multe (one too many = n plus ) material = material; esential; de baza medical = medical merry = vesel mild = blnd; slab military = militar modern = modern much = mult narrow = ngust; limitat; mic; strict national = national natural = natural; normal; nnascut nearby = aproape; apropiat; meschin necessary = necesar nervous = nervos; speriat neutral = impartal new = nou; modern next = urmator, viitor; (next to nothing = aproape nimic) nice = dragut; placut; frumos; bun; subtil noisy = zgomotos normal = normal north = nordic nuclear = nuclear old = batrn; vechi; demodat; versat only = singur open = deschis; neacoperit; liber, sincer opposite = opus; omolog; de vis-a-vis original = original; initial other = alt; diferit oval = oval own = propriu; personal pale = palid; deschis, pal particular = particular; exact; pretentios past = ultim peaceful = pasnic, tihnit peculiar = caracteristic; specific; ciudat; deosebit perfect = perfect; complet; notoriu permanent = nencetat, permanent

personal = personal; particular pleasant = placut; agreabil polite = politicos; rafinat political = politic poor = sarac; sarman; biet; umil popular = popular popular = popular powerful = puternic pretty = dragut; frumos; placut; mult previous = anterior; precedent present = prezent; de fata; actual private = particular; propriu; secret; intim; (private! = intrarea oprita ) professional = profesional; profesionist public = public; popular; deschis; renumit ( publicschool =liceu particular ) quick = rapid; vioi; ager; inteligent quiet = linistit; tacut; cuminte; placut rapid = rapid; abrupt ready = gata; pregatit; prompt; la ndemna real = real; natural; adevarat; imobiliar realistic = realist reasonable = rational; ntelept; moderat; acceptabil; drept; cinstit recent = recent red = rosu (red-letter day = zi de sarbatoare; red -handed = (prins) asupra faptului ) regular = regulat; obisnuit; normal; adevarat responsible = responsabil rich = bogat; luxos; costisitor; satios; abundent right = corect; drept; just; exact; bun; potrivit roast = fript, prajit rough = aspru; agitat; brut; dur (rough copy = ciorna ) round = rotund; circular; n circuit royal = regal sacred = sacru; solemn sad = trist; mohort safe = ferit; sigur; sanatos; precaut; seif same = acelasi satisfactory = satisfacator scientific = stiintific; experimentat secret = secret; ascuns; izolat serious = serios; grav; de nadejde; sever several = mai multi significant = important sharp = ascutit; ironic; abrupt; iute (la gust); patrunzator; abil; crncen short = brusc; scurt, pe termen scurt sick = bolnav; abatut ( sick -leave = concediu medical) similar = asemanator; identic simple = simplu; necomplicat; usor; neprefacut; pur; fraier; neimportant; incult single = singur; numai unul; necasatorit ( single-minded = cu o idee fixa) sincere = sincer; neprefacut sleepy = somnoros; plicticos; rascopt slow = lent; greoi (la minte) (a slow train = tren personal ) small = mic; neimportant, marunt; umil, sarac smooth = neted; plan; lins; lin; placut social = social socialist = socialist soft = moale; catifelat; fin; nealcolic; dulce; matasos; linistit; milos; slab; molatic (soft boiled = (ou) moale; soft palate = cerul gurii) solid = solid; masiv; robust; durabil sorry = mhnit; suparat sour = acru special = special; deosebit; extraordinar specific = specific; tipic; precis square = (la) patrat; ntins; categoric ( square brackets = paranteze drepte; square root = radacina patrata ) still = linistit; tacut (still life = natura moarta)

stormy = furtunos, vijelios straight = drept; n ordine; direct, sincer strange = ciudat; strain strong = puternic; solid stupid = prost successful = victorios; reusit sure = sigur sweet = dulce; proaspat; potabil; placut (sweet meat = bomboana) tall = nalt; exagerat terrible = groaznic; enorm; deprorabil thick = gros; dens; des; prost; (thick with = plin de; thick set = mic si ndesat ) thin = subtire; slab; redus; rar thirsty = nsetat; uscat tired = obosit traditional = stramosesc; traditional trip = true = adevarat; loial; exact top = de deasupra; de sus; maxim total = total; complet ugly = urt; amenintator; dificil useful = util; capabil usual = obisnuit valuable = valoros various = divers; diferit violent = violent; puternic warm = cald; entuziast; milos weak = slab; slabit; apos; nepriceput; moale wealthy = bogat wet = ud; umed; ploios (wet nurse = doica ) white = alb; palid (white coffee = cafea cu lapte; white-haired carunt ) whole = ntreg; nevatamat; tot ( whole meal = faina integrala ) wide = larg; lat; spatios; vast; larg deschis wild = salbatic; barbar; crud; violent; furios; nesabuit wise = cu scaun la cap; ntelept; prevazator wonderful = minunat worth = n valoare de; valoros; care merita wrong = gresit; fals; incorect; rau; nepotrivit yellow = galben; las young = tnar; la nceput; novice

Numerale

zero = zero = 0 one = unu = 1 two = doi = 2 three = trei = 3 four = patru = 4 five = cinci = 5 six = sase = 6 seven = sapte = 7 eight = opt = 8 nine = noua = 9 ten = zece = 10 eleven = unsprezece = 11 twelve = doisprezece = 12 thirteen = treisprezece = 13 twenty = douazeci = 20

thirty = treizeci = 30 fifty = cincizeci = 50 hundred = suta = 100 thousand = mie = 1.000 million = milion = 1.000.000 first = prim; nti ( first rate = de calitate) second = al doilea third = al treilea; a treia fourth = al patrulea fifth = al cincilea sixth = al saselea seventh = al saptelea eighth = al optulea ninth = al noualea tenth = al zecelea eleventh = al unsprezecelea twelfth = al doisprezecelea thierteenth = al treisprezecelea twentieth = al douazecilea thirtieth = al treizecilea fiftieth = al cincecilea once = o data;( once a week = o data pe saptamna; once more = nca o data; once and again = din cnd n cnd; at once = imediat; all at once = dintr-o data ) twice = de doua ori; (twice as much = de doua ori pe att ) double = dublu

Verbe

accept = a accepta; a recunoaste accuse = a acuza acquire = a dobndi; a-si forma act = a actiona; a se comporta add = a adauga; a aduna; a uni to add to = a spori advance = a nainta, a avansa advise = a recomanda; a sfatui; a preveni de agree = a consimti; a fi de acord; a se ntelege (bine) amuse = a (se) distra; a (se) amuza answer = a raspunde apologize = a cere scuze appear = a aparea; a parea ; a se arata; a se prezenta (la) apply = a aplica; apply (to)= a se adresa; a pune (frna); a se aplica; a corespunde; to apply for= a solicita approve = a aproba arrive = a sosi (la); a parveni (la) ask = a ntreba; a cere; a invita astonish = a uimi attack = a ataca attempt = a ncerca; a tenta; a compromite attend = a frecventa; a asista; a servi; a urma (scoala etc.); a ngriji; a nsoti (attend to) a se tine de (treaba etc.), a se ocupa de; to attend upon = a servi; (attend to) a fi atent la avoid = a evita be = a fi , a exista beat = (trec. beat, part. trec. beaten) a bate, a macina, a strivi become = (trec. became, part. trec. become) a deveni; a sta bine, a se potrivi; to become of= a se ntmpla cu

begin = (trec. began, part. trec. begun) a ncepe; a debuta; to begin with = n primul rnd behave = a se comporta, a se purta believe = a crede belong = (belong to) a apartine (cuiva) bend = (trec. part. trec. bent) a ndoi, a cura, a nclina; (fig) a aplica, a dirija bind = ( trec. si part. trec. bound) a (se) lega; a bandaja; a obliga; a garnisi cu bordura (pantofii, etc.); a lega din nou (o carte); a bombani; a (se) ntari; a (se) solidifica bite = (trec. bit, part. trec. bitten ) a musca; (d insecte) a ciupi bleed = a lua snge; a debursa, a plati (cu bani din buzunar);a sngera; a pierde snge; a purja blow = (trec. blew, part. trec. blown) (d vnt) a bate; a fi luat (de vnt); a sterge praful; a sufla (la un instrument); a insufla boil = a fierbe; boil over = a da n foc borrow = (borrow from) a mprumuta (de la) break = (trec. broke, part. trec. broken) a (se) sparge; a (se) rupe: to break a door open = a forta o usa; a ncalca: to break a law = a ncalca o lege; to break a promise = a nu se tine de o promisiune; a ntrerupe; to break one's fast = a nu mai posti; to break down = a esua; a se defecta; a ntrerupe; to break off = a face o pauza; to break out = a izbucni; to break up = a se narui breathe = a respira, a rasufla bring = (trec., part. trec. brought) a aduce; a conduce; a purta de grija; a transporta; a reduce; (fig) a pune; to bring about = a cauza, a produce; to bring out = a publica; to bring down = a cobor, a duce n jos (o persoana), a umili, a abate; to bring together = a reuni, a asambla, a recomanda, a reconcilia broadcast = a semana (seminte) din zbor; a difuza (stiri), a radiodifuza build = (trec., part. trec. built) a construi, a dura; (fig) a edifica, a fonda burn = (trec, part. trec. burnt sau burned) a arde; a incendia; a distruge; a arde (caramida, etc) burst = (trec., part. trec. burst) a izbucni, a exploda; a face sa erupa; a rupe, a sfarna; a despica, a crapa; to burst into = a intra ca o futuna bury = (trec., part. trec. buried) a ngropa, a nmormnta; (fig) a nfunda, a ascunde buy = (trec., part. trec. bought) a cumpara calculate = a calcula, a socoti; a chibzui a conta pe call = a striga; a chema; a numi, a califica; a convoca; a rechema; a considera a striga; a face o vizita; to call for a se cere; to call up a suna la telefon can = (negativ cannot, trec. si subj. could) a putea; a sti; I can see a fly there = vad o musca acolo; can (= may) I smoke here? = pot sa fumez aici?; I could slap you! = ce ti-as mai da o palma! catch = trec., part. trec. caught) a prinde; a se agata de; a se mbolnavi; to catch by = a prinde din urma; to catch red-handed = a prinde asupra faptului cause = a cauza, a pricinui celebrate = a sarbatori; (a celebrated poet = un poet renumit ) change = a se schimb (I've change d my mind m-am razgndit ) choose = (trec. chose, part, trec. chosen) a alege; a prefera climb = a (se) sui, a (se) urca close = a nchide; a strnge (rndurile); to close in = (d zile) a se scurta come = (trec. came, part. trec. come) a veni; a deveni; to come across = a da peste; to come back = a se ntoarce; to come in = a intra; come on! = haide!; to come to = a-si reveni complain = a se plnge confirm = a confirma; a fi de acord congratulate = a felicita consider = a se gndi sa/la; a lua n consideratie continue = a continua; a (se) mentine; (it will be continued = va continu ) control = a controla; a combate cook = a gati correct = a corecta; a potrivi (ceasul)

cost = a costa; a lua (timp) cough = a tusi count = a numara; a socoti; to count on a conta pe create = a crea; a produce cross = a traversa; a trece; a-si face cruce; a se ncrucisa cry = a striga; a plnge cure = a vindeca cut = (trec., part. trec. cut) a taia; a croi; to cut away/off = a reteza; to cut back = a reduce; to cut down = a rapune; to cut out = a croi ........Alte verbe (in ordine alfabetica) - cat de curand.

Substantive
Accident = accident, intamplare, nenorocire, caz, eveniment, patanie Action = actiune, fapta masura, comportare, influenta, effect , activitate, operatie, intriga, subiect al unei opera literare, batalie, lupta, Actor = actor , comediant m artist Addition = adaugare ; adaos ; (mat) adunare ; in addition to pe lnga; (fam) nota de plata Address = adresa ; alocutiune; discurs ; (pl) omagii Advantage = avantaj ; profit ; (to turn something to advantage =a valorifica ceva; to take advantage of a profita de) Advertisment = advertisement Administration = conducere Advice = sfat ; (pl) informatii Affair = treaba ; legatura (sentimentala) Afternoon = dupa amiaza after-game = revansa after-pains = s.pl dureri care survin nasterii the aftermath of war = urmarile razboiului afterbirth = placenta after-ages = posteritate after effect = efect secundar after math = consecinta Age = vrsta, etate; era ( vi a mbatrni ) Agency = agentie ; mijloc Aggression = agresiune ; atac Agriculture = agricultura Aid = ajutor ; complice (vt a ajuta; a salva; a asista) Aim = tinta ; tel ( vt (at) a ndrepta spre; a dirija; a lansa) Air = aer; (by air =cu avionul) Airplane = avion Airport = aeroport Alcohol = alcool Ally = aliat; confederat (a (se) alia; a (se) uni) Ambassador = ambasador Ambition = ambitie ; tel Amercican = american Amount = total ; suma ; cantitate ; (fig) valoare ( a se referi (la); a se reduce (la) amount (to) =a se ridica la, a ajunge) Amusement = amuzament ; divertisment Angel = inger Anger = mnie ; furie Angle = unghi; vrf ; punct de vedere ; undita f (vi a pescui) Animal = animal Anniversary = aniversare Apparatus = aparat ; dispozitiv Apple = mar

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Appoimant = ntlnire ; numire ; slujba ; ora (la dentist) Approval = aprobare ; consimtamnt Arch = arc Archer = arcas Architect = arhitect ; constructor Area = suprafata ; domeniu ; ntindere Argument = argument ; discutie ; nentelegere ; cearta ; controversa Arm = brat ; arm in arm= brat la brat; stema Arms = arme Army = armata; multime Arrival = sosire Art = arta Article = articol Artist = artist (plastic) Ash = frasin; cenusa Assistant = auxiliar ; asistent ; adjunct Assistance = asistenta ; ajutor Astronaut = astronaut Atmosphere = atmosfera Atom = atom ; particica Attempt = ncercare ; efort ; tentativa (vt a ncerca; a tenta; a compromite) Attention = atentie ; pay attention to =fii atent la interj. Drepti ! Attraction = atractie Aunt = matusa Authority = autoritate ; autorizatie ; mandat Automobile= automobil Autumn = toamna Avenue = strada; bulevard ; alee ; (fig) cale de acces Baby = bebelus baby-carriage = carucior (pt. copil) babyhood = primul nascut (babyish = adj infantil, copilaros, pueril, naiv) Back = spate (he fell on his back =a cazut pe spate; at the back of= n spatele stand back= dati-va napoi!; napoi ; put it back =pune-o napoi; I am back home =sunt din nou acasa) backbone = sira spinarii back-yard = curtea din spate Bacon = slanina Bag = poseta; sacosa;( bag and baggage =cu catel cu purcel ; to bag = a umfla ) Baker = brutar (to bake = a coace; a se bronza ) Balance = cntar ; (in the balance =n dubiu; balance sheet =bilant) Ball = minge; bal; bulgare de zapada; ghem ; cocolos ; Ballot = bula ; bulgare ; buletin ; vot Band = legatura; orchestra; lungime de unda; (tehn) banda Bank = mal (de ru) ; panta , povarnis ; rambleu ; banca ( the Bank= Banca Angliei ) bank-clerk = comis de banca Bar = bar ; bucata (de sapun etc.); bara ; bariera ; jur.( the Bar =barou , parchet ) Barber = barbier , frizer Base = baza ; suport ; postament ; tapla ; sol (adj josnic; inferior) Basin = bazin , rezervor ; castron ; chiuveta , lighean Basket = cos Bath = baie (n cada) ; cada bath-chair = fotoliu rulant bath-gown = halat de baie Battle = batalie ; lupta ; battle field = cmp de lupta Beach = plaja ; prundis ; mal ; tarm Beard = barba Beauty = frumusete Bed = pat Bedroom = dormitory Beef = carne de vaca Beef tee = supa de vaca Beer = bere Behaviour = comportare ; purtare ; conduita ; tinuta ; maniere Belief = ncredere; credinta Bell = clopot ; clopotel ; sonerie ; (bell of a flower= caliciul/cupa unei flori)

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Bench = banca (n parc) ; bancheta ; parchet ; tibunal; curt, magistratura Benefit = folos ; ajutor ; avantaj ; binefacere ; beneficiu Bill = cioc ; nota de plata ; factura ; afis ; ( bill of fare= meniu;) halebarda f bill-board = afisier Bird = pasare; ( queer bird= tip ciudat) bird's-eye-view = vedere panoramica Birth = nastere ; origine Birthday = zi de naster Biscuit = biscuit, pesmet, prajitura Bishop = episcop Bit = bucatica, strop, farma, particica,s zabala ; bucatica (de hrtie etc.) ; cifra binara ; (a bit =putin; not a bit = deloc ) Bite = muscatura ; ciupitura (de tntar etc.) Blackboard = tabla (la scoala) Blade = lama ; fir (de iarba) ; frunza lunga si subtire ; lopata (pt zapada) , (fig) persoana energica Blanket = patura ; cuvertura ; nvelitoare Block = bila ; gravura n lemn; buturuga ; butuc ; pietroi ; obstacol ; cliseu ; (block of flats = bloc (de locuit) ) Blood = snge, temperament; rasa (de cal); in cold blood cu snge rece Blouse = bluza ; camasa ; corsaj Blow = lovitura (de pumn etc.); soc ; percutie; purjare Board = scndura ; bord ; tabla (de sah) ; masa ; ( board and lodging = casa si masa; on board! =n vagoane! ) Boarder = pensioner Boat = vapor ; barca ; ambarcatiune Body = corp ; trup ; cadavru ; caroserie ; corsaj ; persoana body-linen = lenjerie de corp Bomb = bomba Bone = os ; oseminte ; fildes ; ( she's skin and bone =e numai piele si oase ) Book = carte ; the Book = biblia ; libret (de opera) ; registru Booking-office = birou de nregistrare ; ghiseu Boot = gheata Border = mal ; margine ; frontiera ; plat banda Bottle = sticla ; flacon ; biberon ; Bottom = fund ; baza ; dedesupt ; spate ; vapor ; (from the bottom of one's heart =din strafundul inimii ) Box = cutie; lada ; separeu (la restaurant) ; loje (la teatru) ; box ; palma ; (box somebody's ears a palmui pe cineva ) Boy = baiat ; baietel ; fiu Bread = pine ; ( bread and butter = pine cu unt; slice of bread =felie de pine ) Brain = creier ; (fig) judecata ; spirit ; cap Brake = feriga ; iarga ; tufis ; lastaris ; grapa ; frna ; furgon ; cabrioleta Branch = ramificatie ; ramura ; creanga ; bransa ; afluent ; sucursala ; linie deviata ; ambransament Breakfast = mic dejun Breath = respiratie ; rasuflare ; suflu Bridge = pod ; punte ; pasarela ; bridge (joc) ; calus (la vioara) Brother = frate Brush = perie ; pensula ; matura ; periere; ncaierare ; coada de vulpe ; urma luminoasa ( to brush up a mprospata cunostintele ) Building = cladire ; constructie ; edificiu Bullet = glonte Burn = arsura Burst = explozie ; izbucnire ; hernie Bus = autobus Business = afaceri ; magazin ; ocupatie ; meserie ; comert ; clientela Butcher = macelar Button = nsture Butter = unt cabinet = dulap , vitrina , cabinet caf = cafenea cake = tort ; prajitura ; bucata (de sapun etc.) ; tableta (de ciocolata) ; coaja crusta cake shop = patiserie camera = aparat de fotografiat sau filmat

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campaign = campanie cancer = cancer candidate = candidat; aspirant cap = boneta ; basca ; sapca; capison ; capsula capital = capitala ; majuscula ; capital capitalism = capitalism capitalist = capitalist captain = capitan car = masina ; autoturism dining-car= vagon restaurant ; spleeping-car = vagon de dormit card = carte de vizita ; fisa ; felicitare ; carte de joc ; roza vnturilor card-case = carnet de vizite care = grija, (take care= ai grija; to take care of=a avea grija de) ; solicitudine ; precautie, atentie ; suparare, neliniste carpet = covor ........Alte substantive (in ordine alfabetica) - cat de curand.

Greetings
Hello , Hi Good morning Good night Good-bye, bye See you soon See you later Please Thank you You're welcome Excuse me Sorry Congratulations Good luck Salut ! Buna dimineata ! Noapte buna ! La revedere ! Pe curand ! Ne vedem mai tarziu ! Va rog Multumesc Cu placere Ma scuzati Imi pare rau Felicitari ! Noroc , Bafta !

Time - Timpul
second minute hour day week month secunda minut ora zi saptamana luna season year decade century millennium eternity anotimp an deceniu secol mileniu eternitate

morning noon afternoon

dimineata pranz / amiaza dupa amiaza

evening night midnight

seara noapte miez de noapte

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday

Luni Marti Miercuri Joi

Friday Saturday Sunday

Vineri Sambata Duminica

January February March April May June to wet

Ianuarie Februarie Martie Aprilie Mai Iunie wet

July August September October November December wet

Iulie August Septembrie Octombrie Noiembrie Decembrie a uda

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spring summer

primavara vara

fall, autumn winter

toamana iarna

The Body -Corpul omenesc

face chin shoulder elbow armpit chest abdomen hip thigh calf fata barbie umar cot subsuoara piept abdomen sold coapsa gamba mouth neck arm forearm back waist buttocks leg knee gura gat brat antebrat spate talie, mijloc buca, fesa picior genunchi

The hand - Mana

wrist fingernail index finger ring finger palm ncheietura minii unghie degetul aratator degetul inelar palma knuckle thumb middle finger little finger ncheietura a degetelor deget mare (de la mna) degetul mijlociu(de la mijloc) degetul mic

The Head - Capul

hair ear nose jaw mustache tooth par ureche nas falca mustata dinte forehead cheek nostril beard tongue lip frunte obraz nara barba limba buza

The Eye - Ochiul

eyebrow eyelashes pupil sprnceana gene pupila eyelid iris pleoapa iris

The Foot - Piciorul

ankle instep toe toenail glezna scobitura piciorului deget de la picior unghia de la picior heel big toe little toe calci degetul mare degetul mic

The Internal Organs - Organele interne

brain throat esophagus creier gt esofag spinal cord windpipe muscle sira spinarii trahee muschi

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lung liver intestines artery pancreas

plamn ficat intestine artera pancreas

heart stomach vein kidney bladder

inima stomac vena rinichi vezica

Women's clothing - Men's Clothing - Haine pentru femei si barbati Women's clothing
blouse dress glasses sunglasses strap jewerly earring necklace locket bra(ssiere) panties pijanas high heel shoe sweater mittens bluza, camasa rochie ochelari ochelari de soare panglica, curea bijuterie cercel colier, sirag medalion sutien chiloti pijamale pantof cu toc inalt jerseu, pulover manusi cu un deget skirt zipper lens purse jewerly box ring bracelet beads veil slip hose, stockings nightgown coat gloves scarf fusta fermoar lentila geanta cutie pentru bijuterii inel bratara margele voal combinezon ciorapi camasa de noapte haina, palton, jacheta manusi esarfa, sal, basma

Men's Clothing
shirt tag pocket t-shart tie pants belt hat socks shoe laces boots slippers vest leather jacket camasa eticheta buzunar tricou cravata pantaloni curea palarie sosete siret-uri ghete papuci de casa vesta haina de piele sleevet collar buttons suit knot shorts buckle underwear shoes sole sandals bathrobe watch cap mneca guler nasturi costum nod pantaloni scurti catarama lenjerie de corp pantofi talpa sandale halat de baie ceas (de mna) basca, sapca

The Family -Familia The Family

grandmothet uncle father cousen brother brother-in-low nephew daughter bunica unchi tata var frate cumnat nepot (de unchi) fiica grandfather mother aunt sister-in-low sister husband niece son bunic mama matusa cumnata sora sot nepoata (de unchi ) fiu

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People and relationships

woman husband baby children girl granddouther femeie sot bebelus copii fata nepoata man wife parents boy grandparents grandson barbat sotie parinti baiat bunici nepot

Fruits - Fructe
apple apple slice banana orange lemon plum peach avocado melon pineapple mango grapes olives raspberry mar felie de mar banana portocala lamie pruna piersica fruct de avocado pepene ananas mango struguri masline zmeura apple core seed peel grapefruit lime prune apricots pear watermelon coconut cherries raisins strawberry blackberries cotorul marului (miezul cu samburi) samanta coaja (de fructe) grepfrut lamie verde pruna uscata caise para pepene verde nuca de cocos cirease stafide capsuna mure

Vegetables - Verdeturi, zarzavat

pepper potato lettuce carrot artichoke cucumber corn cauliflower onion celery zucchini peas pod ardei cartof salata verde morcov anghinare castravete porumb conopida ceapa telina dovlecel mazare pastaie eggplant chili pepper cabbage asparagus beet garlic broccoli tomato mushrooms pumpkin beans radish spinash vanata ardei iute varza sparanghel sfecla usturoi broccoli (patlagica) rosie ciuperci dovleac fasole ridiche spanac

Morfologie
Bine ati venit in sectiunea Morfologie. Aici veti invata minimul necesar despre partile de vorbire, luate in ordine alfabetica :

Adjectivul

Adjectivele, in limba engleza , sunt invariabile ( nu se acorda cu substantivele in gen,numar si caz ). Adjectivele stau inaintea substantivelor (I like Chinese food) sau dupa anumite verbe auxiliare (to appear, to be, to become, to feel, to get, to look, to keep,to seem, to taste, to make,to smell,to sound, to turn, to taste).

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Desi stau dupa verbe, ele nu descriu verbul si subiectul propozitiei (in majoritatea cazurilor - substantive sau pronume). Ex: The examination did not seem difficult. Your friend looks nice. Unele din adjectivele care pot sta numai dupa verbele auxiliare: asleep, awake, afraid, alike, alive, alone, annoyed, difficult, ill, nice, sorry, upset, well (She is alone.). Asa cum am mai spus, avem adjective care stau inaintea substantive: Ex : I like big black dogs. She was wearing a beautiful long red dress. Care este ordinea corecta pentru adjective ? 1) Ordinea generala: opinion, fact Ex : a nice French car (not a French nice car) "Opinion" este ceea ce crezi despre subiectul propozitiei/frazei . "Fact" este ceea ce este adevarat despre subiectul propozitiei/fraziei. 2) Ordinea normala a adjectivelor este : size, age/temperature , shape, colour, material, origin: Ex : a big, old, square, black, wooden Chinese table Size : small, little, thiny, big Age/Temperature : old, new, hot, cold Shape : round, square Color : yellow, red, blue Material : plastic, silver Origin : Chinese, Romanian, Franch 3) Determiners usually come first, even though they are fact adjectives: articles (a, the) possessives (my, your...) demonstratives (this, that...) quantifiers (some, any, few, many...) numbers (one, two, three)

Here is an example with opinion and fact adjectives:

adjectives determiner opinion fact age two nice old shape round colour red

noun

candles

Cand vrem sa folosim doua adjective care se refera la o culoare folosim and. Ex: Newspapers are usually black and white. Gradele de comparative ale adjectivelor : gradul pozitiv : arata prezenta normala a unei calitati a obiectelor (fara comparatii) Ex : She is beautiful. gradul comparativ : compara doua sau mai multe obiecte o in masura egala : comarativul de egalitate : he is as tall as his brother o in masura inegala :- comparativul de superioritate : he is taller then she. - compartivul de inferioritate : not as tall as gradul superlativ: este de doua feluri : relative(in comparative cu alte elemente)

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Ex : The biggeste : Cel mai mare The smallest = Cel mai mic The most important = Cel mai important absolute (fata de el insusi) Ex : Very gig = Foarte mare Very small = Foarte mic Very/Highly important = Foarte important Comparativul de egalitate se formeaza prin incadrarea adjectivului : asas Ex : as tall as = la fel de inalt ca, tot atat de inalt ca Pentru sens negative : incadram adjectivul in : not as/ soas Ex : not as/so tall as = nu atat/ asa de inalt cat/ca Comparativul de inferioritate se formeaza incadrand adjectivul in expresia : not so(as)as sau lessthen Ex : not as tall as/ not so tall as = nu atat de inalt ca Less tall then = mai putin inalt ca Atentie la aceste 4 expresii: So much the better = Cu atat mai bine So much the worse = Cu atat mai rau So much the more = Cu atat mai mult So much the less = Cu atat mai putin Expresia cu cat..cu atat nu are echivalent in limba engleza. (Cu cat) mai curand, (cu atat) mai bine = The sooner, the better. (Cu cat este)casa mai veche, (cu atat este) pretul mai mic. = The older the house, the smaller the price. Adjectivele terminate in e mut suprima aceasta vocala inaintea terminatiilor -er , -est . Ex : large larger the largest fine finer - the finest Adjectivele terminate in y precedat de o consoana, schimba pe y in i inaintea lui er si est . Ex : heavy heavier the heaviest Adjectivele terminate in y precedat de o vocala raman neschimbate : Ex : gay gayer the gayest (vesel) Acest adjective este foarte rar folosit in sensului lui propriu, intrand in raza vulgar a vocabularului. Adjectivele monosilabice terminate in consoana, o dubleaza la comparative si la superlative : Ex: big bigger the biggest Unele adjective au forme diferite la comparativ si superlativ: Good better the best = bun(a) Well better the best = bine Bad worse the worst = rau Ill- worst the worst = bolnav Much more the most = mult(a) Many more the most = multi(e) Little less the least = putin Adjectivele posesive:

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Se pun intotdeauna inaintea substantivelor: My = meu, mea, mei , mele Your = tau, ta, tai, tale His = lui, sau, sa, sai, sale, dansului, dumnealui, domniei sale Her = ei, sau, sa, sai, sale, dansei, dumneaei Its (pers III neutru) = lui, ei , sau, sa, sai , sale Our = nostril, nostru, noastra, noastre Your = vostru, voastra, vostri, voastre, d-voastra Their = lor, dansilor, danselor, dumnealor Adjectivele demonstrative: Pentru apropere: This = acest, acesta, ast, asta, aceasta, asta Those = acestia, acesti, asti, astia, aceste, acestea, astea, , aste Pentru departare: That = acela, acel, ala, aceea, acea, aia Those = acei, aceia, ai, aia, acelea, alea

Adverbul

Adverbul este cel care ne spune mai mult despre verb, care intareste verbul. Majoritatea adverbelor se formeaza din adjective. Ele seformeaza astfel: - pentru majoritatea adverbele - la adjectiv se adauga teminatia -ly : bad - badly hard - hardly - pentru adjectivele care se termina in -le, ca sa formam adverb, se shimba terminatia -le in -ly simple - simply probable - probably -pentru adjectivele care se termina in y, precedat de o consoana, ca sa formam adverb shimbam pe y in i si apoi adauga terminatia -ly easy - easily happy - happily Exceptii : well = bine; cum trebuie fast = repede; strns very = foarte; chiar; prea never = niciodata; deloc always = totdeauna often = adesea still = nca; si mai; totusi Gradele de comparatie ale adverbelor sunt aceleasi ca si la adjective si se formeaza in acelasi moduri.

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Pozitiv badly far late little well

Comparativ worse farther further later less better

Superlativ the worst the farthest the furthest the latest the last = ultimul the least the best

Adverbele sunt de mai multe feluri : - de loc - de mod - de timp - precizat - neprecizat : already = deja, pana acum always = intotdeauna ever = totdeauna, vreodata just = tocmai often = adesea never = niciodata sometimes = uneori, cateodata seldom = rareori still = inca, mai O modalitate usoara de a tine minte adverbele de timp si care ne arata cat de des cineva face ceva :
100% always usually frequently often 50% sometimes occasionally rarely seldom hardly ever 0% never

Articolul

Articolul nehotarat (care se traduce in romana : un , o ): a = inaintea unei consoane (a car) an = inaintea unei vocale (an inkpot) Articolul nehotarat este acelasi pentru toate genurile. Trebuie tinut cont atunci cand vorbim ca articolul nehoratat nu se accentueaza si nici nu se face pauza dupa el. LA plural nu exista articol nehotarat(atunci cand este cazul se folosestie some = niste, unele). Exista unele exceptii : a ewe = o oaie/mioara a Europian = un european a union = o uniune, un sindicat a university = o universitate Articolul horatat: Articolul hotarat in limba engleza este THE , atat la singular cat si la plural, la toate genurile. Ca si la articolul nehotarat, in vorbire, articolul hotart nu se accentueaza si nici nu se face pauza dupa el.

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Conjunctia

Conjunctia este partea de vorbire care leaga cuvinte sau propozitii. Conjunctiile pot sa fie: - coordonatoare = atunci cand leaga doua propozitii de acelasi fel; - subordonatoare = atunci cand leaga o propozitie principala cu una secundara. Conjunctiile coordonatoare Conjunctiile coordonatoare arata ca elementele pe care ele le unesc sunt identice(similare) in importanta si structura.

+
Intotdeauna conjunctiile coordonatoare se gasesc intre cuvintele sau propozitiile pe care le leaga. I like [tea] and [coffee]. [Ram likes tea], but [Anthony likes coffee].

Conjunctiile coordonatoare sunt sapte (7) la numar. Ele sunt cuvinte simple, formate din doua sau trei litere. Iara un mod usor si distractiv de a tine minte conjunctiile coordonatoare :
F
Fo r

A
And

N
Nor

B
But

O
Or

Y
Yet

S
So

Conjunctiile subordonatoare Cele mai comune conjunctii subordonatoare sunt : after although as because before how if once since than that though till until when where whether while Conjunctiile subordonatoare leaga o propozitie secundara de una principala. Intotdeauna conjunctia subordonata se gaseste in fata propozitiei secundare. Ram went swimming although it was raining.

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Ram went swimming although it was raining. Although it was raining, Ram went swimming. Atentie la urmatoarele constructii : ...either ...or = ...sau ...sau ...neither ...nor = ...nici ...nici ...nor only ...but also = ...nu numai ...ci(dar)si ...both ...and = ...ata ...cat si

Numeralul

Numeralul cardinal : zero = zero = 0 one = unu = 1 two = doi = 2 three = trei = 3 four = patru = 4 five = cinci = 5 six = sase = 6 seven = sapte = 7 eight = opt = 8 nine = noua = 9 ten = zece = 10 Atentie la o deosebire de limba romana. In limba engleza se foloseste virgula in locul punctului din romana. hundred = suta = 100 thousand = mie = 1,000 million = milion = 1,000,000 Astfel ceea ce scriem in romana 1,7 - in engleza vom scrie 1.7 = one point seven. Numeralul ordinal : first = prim; second = al doilea third = al treilea; a treia De la patru in sus , numealul ordinal se formeaza din numeralul cardinal + th (dar atentie ca -y se inlocuieste ci - ieth ). fourth = al patrulea fifth = al cincilea sixth = al saselea seventh = al saptelea eighth = al optulea ninth = al noualea tenth = al zecelea eleventh = al unsprezecelea twelfth = al doisprezecelea thierteenth = al treisprezecelea

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twentieth = al douazecilea thirtieth = al treizecilea fiftieth = al cincecilea Datele se exprima in limba engleza cu numeralul ordinal : The first of May sau May the first Numeralul multiplicativ : once = o data; twice = de doua ori; De la trei in sus , numeralele multiplicative se formeaza din cel cardinal + times three times = de trei ori four times = de patru ori Numeralele fractionale : one whole = un intreg (o unitate) one haf = o jumatate = 1/2 one third = o treime = 1/3 one quarter = un sfert, o patrime = 1/4 one tenth = o zecime = 1/10

Prepozitia

Prepozitiile sunt cuvintele care fac legatura intre partile de vorbire. Sunt peste 150 de prepozitii in limba engleza.Lista cu cele mai uzuale prepozitii le gasiti la Cuvinte necesare/Prepozitii. Prepozitii de loc: In general se tine cont de urmatoarele reguli: at = pentru un punct, un reper in = pentru o anumita zona on = pentru o suprafata Iata aici cateva exemple :
at punct, un reper at the corner at the bus stop at the door at the top of the page at the end of the road at the entrance at the crossroads at the entrance in zona in the garden in London in France in a box in my pocket in my wallet in a building in a car on suprafata on the wall on the ceiling on the door on the cover on the floor on the carpet on the menu on a page

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Exista expresii standar cu prepozitiile de loc.Iata-le :

at at home at work at school at university at college at the top at the bottom at the side at reception in in a car in a taxi in a helicopter in a boat in a lift (elevator) in the newspaper in the sky in a row in Oxford Street on on a bus on a train on a plane on a ship on a bicycle, on a motorbike on a horse, on an elephant on the radio, on television on the left, on the right on the way

Prepozitiile de timp : at = atunci cand timpul este precizat in = pentru luni, ani, secole si perioade lungi on = pentru zile si date Iata cateva exemple:
at timp precizat at 3 o'clock at 10.30am at noon at dinnertime at bedtime at sunrise at sunset at the moment in luni, ani, secole si perioade lungi in May in summer in the summer in 1990 in the 1990s in the next century in the Ice Age in the past/future on zile si date on Sunday on Tuesdays on 6 March on 25 Dec. 2010 on Christmas Day on Independence Day on my birthday on New Year's Eve

Atunci cand folosim last, next, every, this - nu folosim si at, in, on. Exemple: I went to London last June. (not in last June) He's coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday) I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter) We'll call you this evening. (not in this evening)

Pronumele
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Pronumele personale : Nominativ : I = eu you = tu, dumneata, dumneavoastra he = el, dansul, dumnealui she = ea, dumneaei we = noi you = voi they = ei,ele, dansii, dansele, dumnealor Acuzativ-dativ : me = mi-, ma, pe mine, imi you = ti, te, pe tine, iti, dumitale, dumneavoastra him = i-, l-, pe el, ii,(lui) her = i-, -o, pe ea, ii us = ne-, noua, pe noi you = v-, voua, pe voi them = i-, le-, loe, pe ei, pe ele Pronumele reflexive : myself = eu insumi/insami, pe mine insumi/insami yourself = tu insusi/insati, pe tine insuti/insati himself = el insusi/pe el insusi herself = ea insasi/pe ea insasi ourselves = noi insine, pe noi insine yourselves = voi insiva, pe voi insiva oneself = pe sine insusi (insasi) Pronumele posesiv : mine = al meu, a mea, ale mele, ai mei yours = al tau, a ta, ale tale, ai tai his = al lui, a lui, ale lui, ai lui hers = a ei, ale ei, al ei, ai ei ours = a noastra, al nostru, ale noastre, ai nostri yours = al vostru, a voastra, ai vostri, ale voastre theirs = al lor, a lui, ai lor, ale lor Pronumele demonstrative sunt identice ca forma cu adjectivele demonstrative(numai ca in cazul pronumelor, acestea inlocuiesc substantivele).

Substantivul
Substantivul, in limba engleza, are patru genuri: - genul masculin = substantive care denumesc persoane de gen masculin (boy, man, son , brother, king) - genul feminin = substantive care denumesc persoane de gen feminin (woman, mother, girl, wife, sister) - gen neutru = substantivele care denumesc obiecte si animale (dog, , purse, window, cat) - genul comun = substantivele care au aceeasi forma atat la masculin cat si la feminin (teacher, doctor, friend, author) Deosebirea dintre substantivele feminine si masculine se face astfel: - se foloseste cuvinte diferite pentru feminin si masculin :

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Feminin aunt = matusa daughter = fiica girl = fata hen = gaina nice = nepoata sister = sora mother = mama wife = sotie woman = femeie

Masculin uncle = unchi son = fiu bou = baiat cock = cocos nephew = nepot brother = frate father = tata husband = sot man = barbat

- se adauga un sufix: prince - princess actor - actress waiter - waitress - pentru locuitorii unei tari, terminate in sh si ch, genul persoanei se indica folosind cuvintele: man si woman. an Englishman - an Englishwoman a Romanianmam - a Romanianwoman

Pluralul substantivelor : 1)- In general se realizeaza adaugand "-s" la substantivul la singular: cat + "s" = cats dog + "s" = dogs 2)- pentru substantivele terminate in "s", "x", "sh", "ch","zh", "z" sau "j" pluralul se formeaza adugand "-es" sau "-s", daca substantivul se termina in "e" mut. bus + "es" = buses box + "es" = boxes dish + "es" = dishes church + "es" = churches mirage + "s" = mirages prize + "s" = prizes bridge + "s" = bridges 3)- a) - pentru substantive terminate in "y" pluralul substantivelor se formeaza adaugand "-s", daca "y" final este precedat de o vocala(a, e, i, o, u). boy + "s" = boys - b) - pentru substantivele terminate in "y", unde "y" final este precedat de o consoana, pluralul substantivelor se formeaza astfe: se transforma "y" in "i" si apoi se adauga "-es" baby - y + "s" = babies 4)- a) - pentru substantivele terminate in "o", pluralul substantivelor se formeaza adaugand "-s", daca "o" este precedat de o vocala (a, e, i, o, u). radio + "s" = radios - b) - pentru substantivele terminate in "o", unde "o" este precedat de o consoana, pluralul substantivelor se formeaza adaugand "-es". tomato + "es" = tomatoes Atentie : - pentru substantivele legate (referitoare) de muzica - pot forma pluralul adaugand "-s", chiar daca "o" este precedat de o consoana piano + "s" = pianos

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5)-pentru substantivele terminate in "f" sau "fe", pluralul substantivelor se face adaugand "-s". roof + "s" = roofs giraffe + "s" = giraffes - Exista exceptii la aceasta regula.Unele substantive terminate in "f" sau "fe" fac pluralul schimband pe "f" in "-ves". Iara aceste exceptii : calf - calves = vitel/ vitei elf- elves = spiridusi/i half - halves = jumatate/jumatati knife - knives = cutit/cutite leaf - leaves = frunza/frunze loaf - loaves = franzela,paine/franzele life - lives = viata/vieti penknife - penknife = briceag/bricege sheaf - sheaves = snop/snopi staff - staves = portativ scarf - scarves = esarfa, fular/esarfe,fulare - dar si scarfs self - selves = ins, fiinta shelf - shelves = raft/rafturi thief - thieves = hot/hoti wolf - wolves = lup/lupi wife - wives = sotie/sotii 6)- urmatoarele substantive nu respecta nici o regula in formarea pluralelor :

Singular alga alumna alumnus antenna (on a bug's head) antenna (on a television) appendix bacterium bison buffalo bus cactus child corps criterion crisis datum deer die dwarf foot fish goose half hippopotamus hoof louse man medium memorandum moose mouse octopus

Plural algae alumnae alumni antennae antennas appendixes, appendices bacteria bison buffalos, buffaloes, buffalo buses, busses cacti, cactuses children corps criteria crises data deer dice dwarfs, dwarves feet fish, fishes geese halves hippopotami, hippopotamuses hoofs, hooves lice men media memoranda moose mice octopi, octopuses, octopodes

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ox scarf series sheep staff (stick or line for charting music) staff (group of workers) stegosaurus swine talisman tooth wharf woman

oxen scarves, scarfs series sheep staves staffs stegosauri swine talismans teeth wharfs, wharves women

Verbul

In limba engleza sunt doua categorii de verbe: -verbe regulate -verbe neregulate Verbele regulate: Cele mai multe verbe in limba engleza sunt regulate. Ele se conjuga astfel: Indicativ prezent : I call You call He calls She calls We call You call They call Forma interogativa: Do I call ? Do you call ? Does he call ? Does she call ? Do we call ? Do you call ? Do they call ? I do not call You do not call He does not call She does not call We do not call You do not call They do not ask Forma interogativ-negativa: Don't I call ? Don't you call ? Doesn't he call ? Doesn't she call ? Don't we call ? Don't you call ? Don't they call ?

- - - La indiativ prezent, numai prsoana a treia (III-a) singular, verbele primesc un "-s", celelalte ramanand neschimbate. - - - Pentru verbele terminate in "ch", "sh", "ss", "x" - la persoana III-a singular va fi "-es". - - - Verbele terminate in "y" precedate de o consoana, schimba pe "y" in "i" si primesc terminatia "-es". - - - Verbele terminate in "o" primesc terminatia "-es"

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Toate verbele din limba engleza (cu exceptia celor doua verbe auxiliare: HAVE = a avea si BE = a fi) se conjuga la formele simple interogative si negative cu ajutorul auxiliarului DO/DOES. Past tense : La Imperfect si Perfect Simplu verbele neregulate primesc terminatia "-ed". I called You called He called she called We called You called They called Forma negativa: I did not call You did not call He did not call She did not call We did not call You did not call They did not call Forma interogativa: Did I call ? Did you call ? Did she call ? Did he call ? Did we call ? Did you call ? Did they call ? Future Tense: Viitorul in limba engleza se formeaza cu ajutorul verbelor auxiliare SHALL/WILL urmate de infinitiv. - auxiliarul SHALL - pentru persoana I singular si plural - auxiliarul Will - pentru restul persoanelor I shall call You will call He will call She will call We shall call You will call They will call Forma negativa : I shall not (shan't) call You will not call He will not call Forma interogatv-negativa: Didn't I call ? Didn't you call ? Didn't she call ? Didn't he call ? Didn't we call ? Didn't you call ? Didn't they call ?

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We shall not call You will not call They will not call Forma interogativa : Shall I call ? Will you call ? Will he call ? Will she call ? Shall we call ? will you call ? Will they call ? Mai-mult-ca-perfect(past perfect): M.m.c.p se formeaza cu ajutorul verbului auxiliar HAVE la trecur (adica HAD) +participiu trecut al verbului. I had called You had called He had called She had called We had called You had called They had called Conditionalul prezent : Se formeaza cu verbele auxiliarele SHOULD/WOULD + infinitivul verbului. I should call You would call ... Conditionalul trecut : Se formeaza din conditionalul prezent al verbului HAVE + participiu trecut al verbului I should have called you would have called He would have called She would have called We should have called You would have called They would have called Participiu prezent: Se formeaza adaugand "-ing" la infinitivul verbului. to call = a striga, a suna -> calling = strigand Participiu trecut : Se formeaza adaugand "-ed" la infinitivul verbului call -> called
Nr. Tense 1. Present Tense Form S + V1 Used to express 1.actiuni obisnuite repetabile Romana Prezent

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Simple

Do/Does + S + V1 S + Do/does + not + V1

2.adevaruri general valabile 3.repros, constatari 4.in loc de viitpr- pentru actiuni planificate oficial 1.actiuni care se petrec in momentul vorbirii(now, at present, at the moment) 2.actiuni temporare(today, this week, this mounth) 3.repros accentuat aproape de prezent. 4.actiuni oficiale planificate neoficial 1.actiune termiata in moment trecut neprecizat (lately, just, always, offe, ever, never) 2.actiune terminata in perioada de timp neterminata (today, this week) 3.actiune terminata care are legatura cu prezentul

2.

Present Tense Continous

S + To be + V-ing

Prezent

3.

Present Perfect Simple

S + have/has + V3 Have/has + S + V3 S + have/has + been + v-ing Have/has + been + S + V-ing S + V2 Did + S + V1 S + did + not + V1

Perfect compus

4.

Present Perfect Continous

actiune inceputa in trecut care se continua si in prezent sau al carui rezultat se vede acum in prezent prezent For + perioada de timp Since + inceputul de timp Actiunitrecute terminate in momentul precizat(ago, last, yesterday, in perfect 1990) compus imperfect m.m.c.p. imperfect

5.

Past tense simple Past tense continous

6. 7. 8.

actiune trecuta in progres: S + was/were + V-ing while + timp continuu when + timp simple exprima o actiune trecuta terminata inaintea altei actiuni trecute actiune trecutain progres, inceputa inaintea altei actiuni trecute S + had + been + Ving

Past perfect simple S + had + V3 Past perfect continous

In limba engleza este foarte important sa stim conjugarea celor doua verbe auxiliare :HAVE si BE. TO HAVE = a avea Indicativ prezent : I have you have He has She has We have You have They have Imperfectul si perfect simplu: I had you had He had She had We had You had They had M.m.c.p. I had had you had had He had had She had had We had had You had had

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They had had Viitorul: I shall have You will have He will have She will have We shall have You will have They will have Conditional prezent : I should have You would have He would have She would have We would have You would have They would have Conditional trecut : I should have had You would have had He would have had She would have had We would have had You would have had They would have had Participiu prezent: having Participiu trecut : had

TO BE = a fi Indicativ prezent : I am You are He is She is We are You are They are Imperfectul: I was You were He was She was We were You were They were M.m.c.p.: I had been

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You had been He had been She had been We had been You had been They had been Viitor: I shall be You will be He will be She will be They shall be You will be Yhey will be Conditional prezent: I should be We would be ... Conditionalul trecut : I should have been He would have been ... Participiu prezent : being Participiu trecut : been

SURSA: http://www.engleza.tk/

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