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Sunete
Undele mecanice cu frecvene (20 Hz 20kHz) care produc
senzaii auditive se numesc unde sonore sau sunete
Undele sonore sunt unde longitudinale i se propag sub forma
unei succesiuni de comprimri i rarefieri ale aerului
comprimri
rarefieri
Percepia sunetelor
Sunetele sunt percepute cu urechea
sunetul ptrunde n ureche prin
canalul auditiv (1)
undele sonore fac ca timpanul (2)
s vibreze, iar acesta pune n
oscilaie sistemul format din cele
trei oscioare articulate: ciocnelul,
nicovala i scria
lichidele (perilimfa i endolimfa)
din interiorul urechii (cohlee) (3) fac
s vibreze cilli vibratili
http://highered.mcgrawcelulele ciliate transform vibraiile hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_vie
n impulsuri electrice, care sunt
w0/chapter19/animation__effect_of_so
trimise prin nervul acustic (4) la creier und_waves_on_cochlear_structures__
quiz_1_.html
Prof. Elena Rducanu, Colegiul Naional Bnean,Timioara
Surse sonore
Surse naturale
Sunetul pdurii
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=yV1bc5qBcvY&feature=related
Cntecul canarului
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdC
ypdivLx8&feature=related
Prof. Elena Rducanu, Colegiul Naional Bnean,Timioara
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R
gQj99M190U&feature=related
Sunetul mrii
Alicia Keys
http://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=iEKZL3mjc
tQ&feature=related
Prof. Elena Rducanu, Colegiul Naional Bnean,Timioara
Animale
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=lG5Wd1nZTyc&feature=related
Delfini
Lupi
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=CR4EIJlnwgQ&feature=fvwp&N
R=1
Prof. Elena Rducanu, Colegiul Naional Bnean,Timioara
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z8Qx5
uohJSk&feature=relmfu
Prof. Elena Rducanu, Colegiul Naional Bnean,Timioara
Tuburi sonore
http://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=WbHoQhK5_X4&featur
e=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmb
xPzHPxl0&feature=related
Prof. Elena Rducanu, Colegiul Naional Bnean,Timioara
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cK2-6cgqgYA
Prof. Elena Rducanu, Colegiul Naional Bnean,Timioara
Coarda sonor
ntr-o coard fixat la capete se formeaz
unde staionare prin suprapunerea undei
incidente cu unda reflectat
la capete, unde coarda este fixat se
formeaz noduri
lungimea corzii :
Ln
n=1
n=2
n=3
v
fn n
2L
L
http://www.falstad.com/loadedstring/
Tuburi sonore
sunt componente ale instrumentelor de suflat
sursa sonor este mutiucul (ancia) care produce unde staionare n
tub
n=1
v
fn n
2L
n = 1,2,3,
Prof. Elena Rducanu, Colegiul Naional Bnean,Timioara
v
f n 2n 1
4L
n = 1,2,3,
n=1
n=2
L
Prof. Elena Rducanu, Colegiul Naional Bnean,Timioara
Calitile sunetului
Intensitatea energetic sonor este energia transferat n unitatea
de timp printr-o suprafa egal cu unitatea aezat perpendicular pe
direcia de propagare.
W
I
St
I SI
W
2
m
I
N S 10 lg
I0
N S SI dBdecibeli
I intensitatea sonor
I0 intensitatea minim perceput de ureche, la frecvena 0 = 103 Hz
I0 = 10- 12 W/m2
Prof. Elena Rducanu, Colegiul Naional Bnean,Timioara
Sursa zgomotului
I ( W/m2 )
NS( dB)
Fonet de frunze
10-11
10
oapt
10-10
20
Conversaie normal
10-6
60
Trafic aglomerat
10-5
70
10-4
80
Discotec
10-2
100
120
Pragul de durere
10
130
Perforarea timpanului
104
160
Motor de avion
http://www.fearofphysics.com/Sound/sounds.html
http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/sound
Org
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=-8-zoCDWK5k&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8iJdkDhsfHA
Prof. Elena Rducanu, Colegiul Naional Bnean,Timioara
Infrasunetele
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BK76
QkkRj3U&feature=related
Avalane
http://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=GimXqUJGVKw
Vulcanii
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
OowFvnlWI90&feature=related
Meteoriii
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
GWhrW7lpqZM&feature=related
Prof. Elena Rducanu, Colegiul Naional Bnean,Timioara
Ultrasunetele
Aplicaiile ultrasunetelor
Medicin
Ecografia foloseste ultrasunete
cu o frecven mai mare de 1MHz
Industrie
Defectoscopie cu ultrasunete
Defectoscop
Bibliografie
http://www.falstad.com/loadedstring/
http://www.cochlear.ro/Products/442.asp
http://www.falstad.com/mathphysics.html
http://electron9.phys.utk.edu/phys135d/modules/m10/sound.htm
http://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/jw/sound-waves.htm
http://www.worsleyschool.net/science/files/sound/energy.html
http://www.mediacollege.com/audio/01/sound-waves.html
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound/
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound/u11l1c.cfm