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Documente Cultură
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paginile ediiei Vl. Drimba (D), respectiv G. Kuun (K). Sigla KW i numrul
alturat arat pagina la care se gsete cuvntul cuman n Komanisches Wrterbuch
de K. Grnbech. Dup echivalentul turc (osmanliu) al termenului cuman, redat n
forma sa actual, aa cum apare n Dicionarul turc-romn de A. Baubec i
M. Grecu (1979), siglele I, II sau III6 fac trimitere la numrul volumului i la
pagina din lucrarea Influena oriental asupra limbei i culturei romne, de Lazr
ineanu (1900), unde sunt discutate aproape toate etimoanele citate. La sfrit, n
paranteze drepte, este dat etimologia curent acceptat a cuvntului romnesc, n
cazul n care aceasta este diferit de cuvntul turc citat anterior, la care adaug
uneori succinte observaii sau suplimente bibliografice.
abitir bitir- [perficere] vollenden a duce pn la capt, a desvri,
bitirmek Vollendung, Vollbringung, Erfllung, 22r/19-21 (D 63, K 91),
KW 61 (v. infra: a bitirdisi), cf. tc. bitirmek II 6 [~ < tc. beter mai ru
(Iogu, GS, V, p. 181, DEXI); vezi, pentru evoluia semantic, i adv. alb.
beter (< tc.) mult, foarte, din cale afar de, extraordinar de... (obs. mea,
P.B.); ~ cf. tc. beter (DEX)]
accea (nv. moned) aqa [pecunia] 40v/10 (D 88, K 91), KW 39, tc. aka
I 17, 289, II 1;
alaci ??? (despre vite: blate) alaa [gestrift] blat, dungat 57v/25 (D 112,
K 137), KW 34, tt. alaa, cf. tc. alaca II 14 [~ < tt. alaa (ineanu IO,
II, 14); ~ < tc. alaa (!) MDA; v. i alagea (nv.) stof vrgat < tc. alaca];
almas (nv., reg.: diamant ) jalmas (p. ar. gr.) [yalmas] 47r/15 (D 97, K 109),
KW 111, tc. elmas III 6 [v. i olmaz (diamant colorat), cf. ucr., rus. almaz
DEX; ~ < ucr., rus. aa, bg. oa DEXI];
altngic (bot., reg.: condurul-doamnei) cf. altun aur, altuni [faber]
aurar 42v/10, 11 (D 90, K 96), KW 36, tc. altnck II 18 [< tc. altynyk
(sic!) MDA, DEXI];
amanet amanat (ar.) [recom[m]endatio] 24r/15 (D 66, K 51), KW 36, tc.
emanet, amanet II 19 [~ < tc. emanet, ngr. amanti DEX; tc. amanet MDA;
tc. amanet, ngr. amanti DEXI];
arc (nv.: sprijin, protecie) arqa [spalla] spate (n special partea de sus a
acestuia) 48r/4 (D 98, K 111), KW 40, tc. arka III 7;
arpaca / arpagic cf. arpa orz 55v/3 (D 109, K 130), KW 40, tc. arpa
( II 26 arpagic) [ arpaca < magh. rpaksa ;
arpagic < tc. arpack DEX; ~ < tc. arpacek [!], bg. apa [!] MDA; ~ <
tc. arpacek [!], bg. apa DEXI)];
arin (veche unitate de msur) arun cot 43r/22 (D 91, K 98), KW 40, tc. ar
cot [~ < rus. ap DEXI];
6
I = vol. I (Introducerea) paginile numerotate cu cifre romane sunt date cu cifre arabe, II =
vol. II1 (Vocabularul. 1. Vorbe populare), III = vol. II2 (Vocabularul. 2. Vorbe istorice, mprumuturi
literare, Indice general). Aceast notaie a fost utilizat anterior de Al. Ciornescu (DER).
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arzuliu (nv.: nfocat) arzula- a dori, a rvni 70v/15 (D 133, K 195), KW 42,
tc. arzl [~ < tc. arzl, cf. arde DEXI];
aslam (nv.: camt) astylan [usura] 38r/12 (D 84, K 85), KW 43, I 18,
259, 260 [~ < rus. oslam MDA; (sau de-a dreptul din vreun dialect ttresc
DA); ~ < v.rus. oslam d. tc. geagatai aslam, identic cu. cum. astelan, astlan
Scriban, DLR; ~ < tt. aslam Ciornescu, DER, 470];
baft bat (p.) [prosperitas] noroc 71v/11 (D 134, K 200), 76r/19 (D 139, K
204), KW 48, tc. baht [~ < tc. baht MDA; ~ < ig. baht, cf. tc. baht DEXI; ~
< ig. baht (Graur, Mots tsig., p. 124; DEX, Drimba, CE, p. 193; Suciu, CRT,
p. 242)];
bairam qurban bajram aj (ar.) [baram] 36v/20 (D 83, 196, K 81), KW 203, tc.
bayram I 25, 168, III, 9 (Drimba, CE, p. 114);
balc (calcan-~) baluq pete 22r/12 (D 63, K 46), 46r/29 (D 96, K 107), KW
49, tc. balk I 235, II 395;
balcic (reg.: loc nmolos) baluq 39v/8 (D 86, K 88), KW 48, tc. balk
noroi;
balsam balsanian [n loc de balsaman (Kuun, 181, Drimba, CC, p. 268)]
(merc.) 66r/4 (D 128, K 181), KW 48, tc. belsem [~ < it. balsamo, lat.
balsamum];
baltag [balta securis] 53r/8 (D 105, K 124), KW 48, tt. baltak, tc. balta I 45,
II 37 [~ < tc. baltak MDA, DEXI; cf. tc. balta DEX];
bascea, bagcea (reg.: grdin) baqa (p.) [baca iardinus] 40r/6 (D 87, K
89), KW 47, tc. bahe;
ba (cap, staroste) ba Kopf 47v/7 (D 97, K 109), Haupt 82r/15g (D 143,
K 230), KW 52, tc. ba I 55, 62, II 39;
baca baqa [preter, sine] 32r/17, 32v/7 (D 77, K 70), 69v/2 (D 130, K 189),
KW 52, tc. baka II 40;
bazar bazar (p.) [forum] 46r/3 (D 95, K 105), KW 53, tc. pazar I 44, II 287
[~ < fr. ~];
bcan (nv.: lemn de culoare roie) baqam (ar., p.) 41r/12 (D 88, K 92), KW
49, tc. bakam II 32;
brdac() bardaq 52v/15 (D 105, K 123), 65v/4d (D 126, K 179), KW 51, tc.
bardak I 230, II 38;
beci? pe (rus.) [!] furnus (i peter, Drimba, CE, 279) 44v/19 (D 93, K
102), KW 187, cf. tc. Be I 16, 277, 228, II 42, magh. Bcs Viena;
beg (nv.: principe) beg (mprumutat napoi din p.) [princep[s]] 45v/9 (D 94,
K 104), KW 54, tc. beg II 43;
bei (nv.: domnitor, guvernator) bej [bey baronus] 45v/10,/17 (D 95, K 105),
KW 54, tc. bey II 43;
berechet baraqat (ar.) [barahat (.l.d. barachat)] binecuvntat, 37v/15 (D 84,
K 84), KW 50, tc. bereket belug II 47;
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bir ber-, bir- geben, a da 9r/4 (D 46, K 170), 63v/15 (D 122, K 181), KW 55
[~ < magh. br DEX (cf. Drimba, 1964, p. 105)];
birlic (as) birlik [unitas] 64r/24 (D 123, K 174), KW 60, tc. birlik II 53
(Drimba, CE, 108);
a bitirdisi (a duce la capt, a cdea la nvoial) bitir- perficere vollenden
a desvri 22r/1921 (D 63, K 47), KW 61, tc. bitirmek III 19 (~ < bg.
bitirdisam, Suciu, CRT, p. 234);
boc3 bo, boq (Mist) [bogh sterchus, bogu (3 Pers.)] 48v/13 (D 99, K 113),
60v/9 (D 117, K 145), KW 63, 65, tc. bok II 53;
bogaz (canal), bohaz (reg. Oltenia) boaz gt 48r/1 (D 98, K 111), KW 63,
tc. boaz III 19, 165;
boi boj trup [boy corpus, persona] 48r/10 (D 98, K 111), 48v/29 (D 99, K
113), KW 63, tc. boy II 57;
boia boja culoare, vopsea [boya] 27v/12 (D 71, K 59), KW 63, tc. boya II 56;
boiangiu bojay 27v/11 (D 71, K 59), KW 63, tc. boyaci II 57;
borceag byraq [brizac erbegia] 55v/8 (D 109, 232: braq, K 131), KW 72;
buraq grindin, mzriche 19r/9 (D 59, K 40), KW 69, [~ < bg.
borak DEX; bg. borag MDA; tc. burak, bg. borag DEXI];
bostan (nv., Mold.: grdin, livad) bostan (p.) livad, umbr 57v/23d (D
112, K 137), KW 65, tc. bostan II 59;
bo bo [vacuum] leer(er Raum) 29r/14 (D 73, K 62), tc. bo I 276 [~ < lat.
bursa DEX; ~ < lat. *byrsea MDA, DEXI; ~ or. nec. Ciornescu, DER, 946];
briceag byaq 42v/15 (D 90, K 97), 43v/15 (D 91, K 99), 60v/18 (D 117, K 133),
KW 71, tc. biak ( I 244: cf. brici < sl).; [~ < tc. biak, influenat de brici
DEX, DEXI; ~ < tc. biak, mg. bicsak MDA (v. Suciu, CRT, p. 221222)];
bug ???? (taur) boa [boga] 54v/26 (D 108, K 129), [buga] 60v/27 (D 117, K
147), KW 62, tc. boa II 61 [~ < tc. buga MDA, DEXI (v. ineanu, IO)];
burlan ?? ?? bur-, burgu- [tronbe] trompet, 45r/21, 22 (D 94, K 104), KW
69, (cf. Drimba, CE, 43; bur- + ~ olan, cf. Suciu, CRT, p. 3334, 222, 242)
[cf. tc. boru eav, DEX, DEXI; et. nec. MDA],
? bur- drehen, winden a rsuci, a nfura 28v/12, 13 (D 71, K 60),
37r/29 (D 83, K 83), KW 68 sau burul- sich aufrollen a se face sul (P.B.)
69v/16 (D 131, K 191), KW 69, tc. burulmak [v. i (h)url, (h)urloi, P.B. (cf.
Scriban, DER)];
but but [cosia = coxa] 48v/14 (D 99, K 113), KW 70, tc. but II 64, 402;
buta ???? cf. butaq [butac rama arboris = ramur] 53r/18 (D 105, K 125), KW
70, (Bogrea, DR, I, p. 274) [~ < magh. bujts DEX; ~ < magh. dial. bts
Kiraly, CL, 175, DEXI]
/ butuc ?!??? butaq ramur 53r/18 (D 105, K 125), KW 70, tc. budak, butak
II 65, 402 (Suciu, CRT, p. 222) [~ et. nec. DEX, MDA, DEXI];
cabanos qaban [aper = porc slbatic] 66r/1g (D 128, K 181), KW 188 [~ <
pol. kabnos, cf. rus. kaban porc, DEXI (v. i pol. kaban purcel)];
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cadn qatun, atun [catonj (3. Pers.)] femeie (cstorit) 45v/20, 21 (D 95, K
105) KW 196, tc. kadn II 70 [DEXI, greit: tc. kadin];
calcan (pete) qalqan, -i (3. Pers.) 63v/7 (D 122, K 170), KW 191, tc. kalkan II
84;
calem (nv.: administraie public, cancelarie) qalm [kal] condei 40v/7,
(D 87, K 90), KW 235, tc. kalem II 26 [Graur, DCC, 177; Drimba, CC, p.
201]
calup, calp qalyp (ar.) form, calapod 43v/2 (D 91, K 99), KW 191, tc. kalp
II 83 [< tc. kalup, Graur; DCC, 186; < tc. kalp, ngr. kalopi DEXI];
camfor qanfor (ital.) [canfor] 41v/1 (D 89, K 189), KW 192, tc. kfur [~ < ngr.
kmfora, Graur, DCC, 189, DEX, MDA; ~ < ngr..., cf. it. canfora, lat. med.
camphora < ar. kafur DEXI];
canat anat [hanat] arip 65v/24g (D 127, K 180), KW 100, tc. kanat II 84;
caps (nv.: cutie) qapsa (lat.[!]) [(gr.), Drimba, CC, p. 288] 80v/24dr (D 141,
K 222), KW 193 [~ < lat. capsa, germ. Kapsel, ngr. DEXI; ~ latinism
nv. MDA];
caraculac (nv.: rs, linx) cf. qara negru; cf. qulaq, qula ureche
[chulac, chulag] 47v/14 (D 97, K 110), KW 202, tc. kara kulak ureche
neagr I 27, III 31 [~ < tc. karakulak ; cf. rom. carcal specie de linx,
et. nec. MDA; ~ < fr., sp. caracal [!] DEXI (fr. caracal < sp. ~ < tc. qara
qlq oreille [!] noire DEHF; cf. tc. kara kalak: bot negru)];
caraman (reg., Brila: bou cu prul negru) qara negru 46v/27 (D 96, K 108,
143), KW193, tc. karaman cu prul negru, brunet II 396;
casap qasap (ar.) 44r/29 (D 93, K 101), KW 195, tc. kasap II 92, III 31;
castan qastana (gr. sau a.) 53v/11 (D 106, K 126), KW 195, tc. kestane [~ < ngr.
() DEXI; ~ < ngr. (pl.) (Th. Hristea, Probleme de
etimologie, p. 8182)];
cat (etaj, nivel) qat- latur, parte, oar, dat [Kuun: latus] 30r/22 (D 75,
K 67), 37v/1 (D 84, K 83), KW 196, tc. kat II 93;
catr qatyr 54r/18 (D 107, K 127), KW 197, tc. katr I 18, II 94;
catifea qatifa (ar.) 46v/21 (D 96, K 108), KW 196, tc. kadife II 94 [< tc. katif
MDA; ~ < tc. kadife, ngr. katifs DEX, DEXI];
cazan qazan [calderonus] 52v/27 (D 105, K 124), KW 197, tc. kazan II 98
[cf. antr. Cazan];
cazma qazma [sapa] 44v/2 (D 93, K 102), KW 197, tc. kazma II 99;
crba() ?? (oaie), qara negru 46v/27 (D 96, K 108, 143), KW193,
ba cap 47v/7 (D 97, K 31), 82r/15g (D 143, K 109), KW 52, tc. karaba
(Bogrea, DR, I, p. 285);
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?! > crbu ?!?? [< carab[a] (rar folosit: oaie cu botul negru < tc.) + suf. -u
DEX, MDA; probabil lat. carbos < gr. crbu; crab DEXI; v. i
Suciu, CRT, p. 243];
cu ??? qovu [kou hol] gol, gunos, scobit 56r/29 (D 110, K 133), KW
201, cf. tc. kova gleat, cldare (P.B.) [~ < lat. *cau (cavus) + suf. -u
DEX; v. i Ciornescu, DER, 1566];
crmziu qyrmyzy (merc.) vopsea roie 46v/29 (D 96, K 108), KW 207, tc.
krmz II 91;
ceadr (nv. cort) atyr (p.?) [ater] 51v/13 (D 103, K 121), KW 74, tc. adr
I 79, II 120, III 39 [v. i atr, cf. Ciornescu, DER, 7488];
cealma alma 51v/4 (D 103, K 121), KW 72, tc. alma II 120;
ceanac (reg.: vas smluit) anaq [scutella] 53r/5 (D 105, K 124), KW 73, tc.
anak II 122;
chibrit kibrit (ar.) [chibrit sulfarinus] 40r/21 (D 87, K 90), KW 142, tc. kibrit
II 109;
chilim kilim (p.) 52v/5 (D 104, K 123), KW 142, tc. kilim II 111;
chimir kamar (kmr, Drimba, CC, p. 224) [chamar] centur cu buzunare
pentru bani 51v/15 (D 103, K 121), KW 134, tc. kemer II 112;
chindie, achindie ??? kinde, ekind 36r/21 (D 82, K 80), KW 86, tc. ikindi II
113 [cf. Densusianu, ILR, I, p. 243; Scriban, DLR];
chior ? kr (p.) [cor cechus = caecus] 50r/5 (D 101, K 116), KW 153, tc. kr
II 114 (Drimba, CE, p. 109);
chiorpe(a)c ??!? (reg.: indril (nnoit?)) ? krpe [corpa eyn lampuel =
Lammfell, pellis agnina] 56r/10 (D 110, K 132), KW 155, tc. krpe
proaspt, fraged (P.B.);
chirpici kerpi [cherpi] crmid nears 51r/21(D 102, K 120), KW 140, tc.
kerpi;
chitab, chitap (nv.: nscris autentic, carte ) (nesigur) kitab (ar.) [glosat greit
scola] 45r/27 (D 94, K 104), KW omis; tc. kitap carte, Coran III 39;
chican, ican syqan oarece [sichan ratus] 54v/22 (D 108, K 129), KW
227, tc. san (~ < chi[i] + cum. [sy]qan ?? P.B.) [~ < chici + suf. -an
DEX, DEXI; ~ < magh. cickny (?) MDA (magh. patkny obolan, pocok
chican, cin chi, cica pisic B. Kelemen, DM-R)];
cighir, gighir (reg.: prapur de miel, drob) igar (p.) [figatus] 48r/13 (D 98,
K 111), KW 98, tc. (kara) cier ficat II 127;
ciob p, -b berbleibsel, Abflle rmi, deeuri [bv (3. Pers.)]
81r/7 (D 141, K 224, n. 2 ramus virens [!]), KW 76, tc. p II 128 [~ cf.
tc. p DEX, ~ < tc. ob MDA] (cf. P. Boerescu, LR, LVII, 2008, nr. 2, sub
tipar);
ciubuc ybuq b, varg [ibuch, ibug] 63v/ 20 (D 122, K 171), 70r/1 (D 131,
K 191), KW 78, tc. ubuk II 136;
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ciufut (nv.: zgrcit, prost dispus; cmtar) uhut (p.) evreu 61v/36, 39 (D
119, K 161), KW 98, tc. ft (DEX) II 138 [~ < tc. cuhud (ineanu); ~ <
tc. ufit (!) MDA];
ciurez ? ura [terzororius oim mic (brbtu)] + rom. huhurez (P.B.) 55r/9
(D 108, K 129), KW 77 [~ v. huhurez: i ciuhurez MDA; ciuhurez < ciuf +
huhurez DEX];
cobuz, copuz qobuz 45r/12 (D 94, K 103), KW 198, tt. kobuz, tc. kopuz, kobuz
II 140 (Drimba, 1964, p. 106; Suciu, CRT, p. 227) [v. i cobz < rus., ucr.
kobza];
colan qolan 6r/27 (D 43, K 12), KW 199, tc. kolan II 141;
coltuc qoltuq 65v/34d (D 127, K 181), KW 199, tc. koltuk I 67, II 141;
comie, comiu (reg.: vecin, rude) qonu [cons vicinus, proximus] 49r/21
(D 100, K 163), KW 188, tc. komu [~ < bg. MDA; ~ < srb. komija
DEXI];
comur (despre culoarea vitelor:) negru-violet kmr [comur] crbune 42v/20
(D 90, K 97), KW 151, tc. kmr [~ et. nec. MDA; Drimba, CE, p. 61; Suciu,
CRT, p. 56]
conac qonaqla- [albergare] 3v/46 (D 39, K 7), qonaqlit [ospicium] 39v/29
(D 87, K 89), KW 199, tc. konak II 142;
corhan??? (reg.: coast de deal rpoas, munte gola) cf. quran movil
funerar 80v/22d (D 141, K 222), KW 203, tc. kurgan II 91; cf. gorgan,
pt. evoluia semantic: cf. alb. mal munte; v. i pers. gorkhnah, ap.
Ciornescu, DER, 3839 (P.B.) [Philippide, OR II, p. 376; ~ < ucr. kurhan
DEX, DEXI; ~ cf. rus., ucr. kurgan MDA];
culucciu (nv.: paznic de noapte) qulluqi [famulus] servitor 45r/5 (D 94,
K 103), KW 203 tc. kulluki II 148;
curgan ?? (reg. gorgan, tumulus) quran 80v/22d (D 141, K 222), KW 203,
tc. kurgan II 91 [~ < rus. kurgan MDA];
? > gorgan ? v. Drimba, CC, p. 200, ap. 80v/22d, cf. KQS 88; II 191 (~ <
persan gorkhnah, prin tc. kurgan sau rus. korgan, Ciornescu, DER, 3839);
~ < cum. quran cf. Drimba, CE, p. 297; Suciu, CRT, p. 216 [~ < rus. korgan
MDA, DEXI; ~ cf. rus. kurgan DEX];
devlet (nv.: administraie) cf. duvlat (ar.) Heil, noroc, fericire, mntuire
76r/19 (D 139, K 217: imperium), KW 83, tc. devlet stat; fericire;
dezghin (lovitur de fru, de pinteni; sritur a calului) tizgin 52r/1
(D 104, K 122), KW 246, tc. dizgin II 157;
dughean tugan (ar.) 39v/28 (D 87, K 89), KW 253, tc. dkkn I 84, II 162;
duman ? tuman, tman, dman (p.) adversarius, hostis] [dwzmanlar]
63v/14 (D 122, K 170), [tusman] 65v/36g (D 127, K 181 greit: tusmen),
[tusmni] 69v/8 (D 131, K 190), 72v/16 (D 136, K 206), [tvman] 73v/2 (D
137, K 208), KW 84, tc. dman II 165 (Suciu, CRT, p. 216);
442
Prvu Boerescu
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elciu (nv.: ambasador cretin la Istanbul) - eli (p.) [elzi] trimis, nuniu 45v/12
(D 95, K 105), KW 87, tc. eli III 51;
fanar, fnar (nv.: felinar) fanar [gr.] 46r/25 (D 95, K 106), KW 97, tc. fener
II 167 [~ < ngr. ];
filde fil tii 41r/11 (D 88, K 92), KW 97, tc. fildii II 171;
fistic pistaq (gr.) 53v/19 (D 106, K 126) KW 187, tc. fstk II 173;
frenghie, frnghie (nv.: stof de brocart purpuriu) frangi (p.) 46v/4 (D 96, K
107), KW 97, tc. frengi2 I 252, II 175;
garofil, caranfil (garoaf) aranful (merc.) [garanful Gewrznelke
(cuioare)] 41r/6 (D 88, K 92), KW 97 tc. karanfil II 89;
gevrea (nv.: batist brodat pe margini) vre circumferin [zoura
circuytus] 7r/19 (D 44, K 15), p vre [op oura circum] 30v/4 (D
74, K 65), vre [vvre] 82r/24 (D 144, K 231), KW 76, tc. evre contur;
batist brodat II 179;
ghiobec (nv., reg.: zbun) ? kbe Ringpanzer [chuba] cuiras, plato
50v/10 (D 101, K 118), KW 157 (P.B.), cf. tc. gbek ombilic, burt II
397 [~ et. nec. MDA; ~ < tc. gbek (krk) blan din regiunea ombilical
etc., Drimba CE, 2001, p. 78];
ghiolban, ghiulban, ghiolhan (reg.: femeie cu ochii mari, frumoas i cochet)
cf. gl (darini) (p.) [flos (canellae)] floare 41r/3 (D 88, K 91) KW 97 tc.
gl floare, trandafir II 183 [~ cf. tc. gl trandafir ( II 183) i hanm
femeie (P.B.); ~ et. nec. MDA];
ghiolda, iolda (nv.: tovar de drum) tc. yolda III 71,
cf. jol, jl drum 8r/2 (D 45, K 16), KW 125,
cf. jolu cltor, strin, oaspete 81r/28dr (D 142, K 225), KW 126;
gorgan v. curgan
habar abar (ar.) 18v/9 (D 59, K 39), KW 99, tc. haber II 192 [~ < tc. haber
veste, informaie DEX; ~ < tc. habar, cf. rus. dial. habar MDA; ~ < tc.
habar, haber DEXI];
halal allal (ar.) 66r/24 (D 128, K 183), KW 99, tc. halal II 199;
halc (verig, inel) alqa (p.) [ghalcha anellus (capistri)] 52r/2 (D 104, K
122), KW 100, tc. halka II 199;
hamal amal (ar.) 45r/4 (D 94, K 103), KW 100, tc. hamal II 201;
han (-ttar) an, qan [han imperator] 45v/6 (D 94, K 104), KW 100, 192, tt.,
tc. han II 203 (Suciu, CRT, p. 226);
(h)araba araba car 51v/18 (D 103, K 121), 82r/34 (D 144, K 232), KW 39, tc.
araba II 205 (v. i roab < tc. araba [?], Suciu, CRT, p. 105);
haraci (tribut) cf. ar (ar.) [char[g>]] cheltuial 12r/6-9 (D 50, K 25),
KW 101, tc. hara haraci, har cheltuial II 206;
haram aram (ar.) 66r/23g (D 128, K 183), KW 101, tc. haram II 207;
havai (nv. albastru) cf. hava (ar.) aer, atmosfer, vreme 36r/2, 37r/9, 20 (D
81, 83, K 78, 82), KW 101, tc. hava azuriu II 212 (havayi);
25
Codex Comanicus
443
hazna qazna (ar.) Schatzkiste, lad pentru bani i giuvaeruri 72v/5 (D 136, K
205), KW 197, tc. hazne, hazine II 215;
hlciug ???? (tufi, desi) alayq colib 40r/14 (D 87, K 90), KW 34
(Drimba, CE, p. 300: < cum. alayq, cf. tc. alauk, alacik; Suciu, CRT,
p. 223; Avram, NCE, p. 118: halng + hciug) [cf. hciug MDA; et. nec.
DEXI];
(h)oard orda 45v/19 (D 95, K 105), KW 179, tc. ordu I 282, II 373 (s.v.
urdie) [~ < pol. horda, rus. orda DEX, MDA, DEXI; ~ < fr. horde
Ciornescu, DER, 5920; v. i ordie, urdie]
(h)obaie ?! (reg.: vale puin adnc ntre dou dealuri) oba (m.) [podius =
podium] 39v/5 (D 86, K 88 convallis vale nchis ntre muni), KW 173
Hgel colin, ridictur de pmnt (P.B.) [~ cf. hoanc2, hobc MDA,
DEXI]; cum. oba nu este acelai cuvnt cu tt. oba cort portativ, cf. I 11,
III 157;
hogeag, ogeac oaq 53r/4 (D 105, K 124!), KW 173, tc. ocak II 276;
hoinar ?? ojna-, r [ludere] a juca 16v/5 (D 56, K 33, 34), KW 174 (Drimba,
CE, p. 302; Suciu, CRT, p. 223) [hoin = oin + -ar DEX, MDA, DEXI];
hor oron (gr.) Ringtanz 82v/10 (D 144, K 233), KW 103 [~ < bg. horo DEX,
MDA; ~ < ngr. o, bg. o DEXI];
hurm (nv.: curmal) orma (p.) 53v/12 (D 106, K 126), KW 103, tc. hurma
II 149 (Drimba, 1964, p. 106);
iacut (nv.: rubin) jaqut, jaqput (merc. < ar.) 47r/11 rubin (D 97, K 108),
KW 114, tc. yakut;
iaurt juurt [yugurt lac acer] 55v/13 (D 109, K 131), KW 128, tc. yourt II
221;
ioc joq, jo nu 31v/11 (D 76, K 68), KW 126, tc. yok I 62;
iorgan, iurgan (reg.: cuvertur) jovuran [yourgan culter] 43r/26 (D 91, K
99), 52v/3 (D 104, K 123), KW 126, tc. yorgan II 227 (Drimba, CE, p. 88)
[iurgan: et. nec. MDA!];
(i)ortoman ? jurt locuin [yurt mansio] 17r/14 (D 56, K 35), KW 129, cf. tc.
yurt possession, bien-fonds (ineanu) I 55, 264, II 227 (v. infra,
ortoman);
iurt ??? (reg.: grup de case, parte a satului) jurt [yurt mansio] (P.B.) 17r/14
(D 56, K 35), KW 129, cf. tc. yurt patrie, cmin, inut [~ et. nec. MDA; v. i
iurt < rus. iurta];
iz (miros) iz urm, dr [izn (poss. 3 accus. Drimba, CC, p. 234) eyn
por = Spur] 56r/28 (D 110, K 133), KW 108, tc. iz urm [~ < magh. iz
gust, arom DEX, MDA, DEXI];
izb (colib) izba (rus.) [yzba camera] 50v/23 (D 102, K 119), KW 108 [~ <
rus. izba];
lac lak (merc.) Lack, rang-i-lak Gummilack [lacha] 41r/8 (D 88, K 92),
KW 161 [~ < germ. Lack];
444
Prvu Boerescu
26
lahaniu (verde) cf. laan (gr.) [laghan] varz 54r/3 (D 106, K 127), KW
161, tc. lahana III, 72 [~ < tc. lahana, ngr. MDA];
lmie limon (merc.) [< p. lmn] 53v/17 (D 106, K 126), KW 161, tc. limon (>
rom. limoniu I 53, II 238) [~ < ngr. lemni];
liman limen (gr.) 20v/25 (D 61, K 43), KW 161, tc. liman II 237 [~ < tc. ~, ngr.
, rus, ucr. ~ DEXI];
magiun maaun (ar.) [maaiun(lar) confeti] electuar, magiun 41v/13 (D 89,
K 93), KW 161, tc. macun past II 244;
mahala maqala, maala? (ar.) 40r/11 (D 87, K 90), KW 163, tc. mahalle II
242;
maidan majdan (ar.) 40r/12 (D 87, K 90) KW, 162, tc. meydan, tt. maydan II
243;
maimu majmun (ar.) 54v/15 (D 107, K 128), KW 162, tc. maymun II 245 [~
< ngr. , tc. maymun MDA, DEXI; cf. ngr. ~, tc. ~ DEX; Suciu, CRT,
251];
marul (lptuc) marul (gr.) 53v/27 (D 106, K 126), KW 163, tc. marul II
250 [~ < bg. marulja, ngr. marli DEX, MDA, DEXI];
mascara (nv. mscrici) masqara (ar.) Clown 45r/13 (D 94, K 103), KW
163, tc. maskara II 250;
mcar maar (p.) poate c [magar forsan] (mgr, Drimba, CC, p. 188)
30v/23 (D 75, K 66), KW 161, tc. magar I 65 (cf. Ciornescu, DER, 4959)
[~ < ngr. makri DEX];
mrgean marand (ar.) [mariand] coral 42r/2 (D 89, K 95), KW 163, tc.
mercan II 249;
mehlem malaham (p.) unguent 44r/2 (D 92, K 100), KW 162, tc. mehlem (ar.);
mohor ? mohor (p.) [moghor] sigiliu 25r/29 (D 67, K 53), KW 165 [~ < magh.
mohar DEX (magh. muhar ! DM-R)];
murdar murdar (p.) [meretrix] 45r/23 (D 94, K 104), puturos, mpuit
62v/12, 17 (D 120, K 164), KW 166, tc. murdar [persan murd mortuus
30r/25] II 265;
naht (nv.: bani ghea) naqt (nat?) (ar.) [nagt moneta] 46r/11 (D 95, K 91),
KW 168, tc. nakt II 268 [~ < ngr. nhti, cf. tc. nakt, DEXI (Drimba, 1964,
p. 107)];
narangiu (portocaliu) narangi (p.) 47r/4 (D 96, K 108), KW 168, tc. narenci
I 53, II 269;
nut nout (p.) 55v/6 (D 109, K 131), KW 172, tc. nohut II 268 [~ < tc. nohud
(?), bg. nahut, nohut DEX, ~ < tc. nuhud (!), bg. ~ MDA, tc. nuhut (?), bg. ~
DEXI];
neam ??? (adv. reg., Oltenia, Muntenia: nimic) neme [neme, nema] (n
construcii negative:) nimic 62v/4 (D 120, K 164), KW 171 (P.B. Vezi i
bg. a nu e, bg. reg. < rom. ~, BER, IV, 1995, s.v.) [ ~ confundat cu
s. neam < magh nm DEX, MDA, DEXI; v. i magh. nem nu, Gldi, ap.
Ciornescu, DER, 5648];
27
Codex Comanicus
445
nisan (reg. Mold.: semn despritor la culesul grului) nian (p.) [nisan
signum] 25r/23 (D 67, K 159), KW 172, tc. nian [~ et. nesigur, cf. ngr.
MDA];
nizam (nv. ordin, oranizaie, statut, soldat turc) ? nizam (ar.) [nizan
exemplum] pild 62r/16 (D 119, K 159), KW 172, tc. nizam III 89;
nur (pl. nuri) nur (ar.) lumin 69v/7 (D 130, K 187), KW 172, tc. nur II 273;
oin ojyn [lusus] joc 16v/8 (D 56, K 34), KW 175 (Bogrea, DR, I, p. 289;
Drimba, CE, p. 316; Suciu, CRT, p. 216), tc. oyun [et. nec. DEX, MDA; cf.
tc. oyun DEXI];
opre(a)g (reg.: pies de mbrcminte femeiasc) opraq [vestimentum]
51r/31 (D 103, K 32), KW 178 [~ < srb. opreg];
rdie, rdie orda [curia (?)] 45v/19 (D 95, K 105), KW 179, tc. ordu II 373
[~ < bg., srb. ordija DEX, MDA, DEXI];
orman2 (reg.) orman pdure 40r/4 (D 87, K 89), KW 179, tc. orman;
ortac ortaq [socius] 49r/20 (D 100, K 114), KW 179, tc. ortak II 278 [~ <
srb. ortak DEX, MDA; ~ <tc. ortak, srb. ortak DEXI];
ortoman ???! orta Mitte, mijloc [!] 36v/16 (D 82, K 77), KW 178 (Drimba,
CE, p. 318; Suciu, CRT, p. 224) [et. nec. DEX, MDA, DEXI]; v. supra:
(i)ortoman;
pergamute, bergamote cf. tc., cum. beg armut par domneasc (Graur, DCC,
115),
beg principe, domn 45v/9 (D 94, K 104), KW ,
armut par 53r/27 (D 106, K 125), KW 40 [~ < ngr. < tc. beg
armudi para principelui DEXI (?)];
perghel (nv.: compas; cerc) pargal (p.) 43v/22 (D 92, K 100), KW 187, tc.
pergel II 292;
peruzea, (nv.) pirozea ???? (turcoaz) pyroza (p.) [peroxa] 47r/19 (D 97, K
109), KW 188, tc. peruze, piruze II 292;
revent ravand (p.) [rauand r(h)eubarbarum] 41r/28 (D 89, K 93), KW 209, tc.
ravent II 300;
rus(esc) rusi (p.) [russi] 46v/13 (D 96, K 107), KW 210, tc. rus;
sbur (aloe) sabur (ar.) 41v/21 (D 89, K 94), KW 210, tc. sabur II 303;
sacz saqyz 17v/17 (D 57, K 36), 41r/9 (D 88, K 92), KW 214, tc. sakz II 305;
saftian satian piele de capr [sastian (cu s n loc de g)] 43v/8 (D 91, K 99),
KW 212, tc. sahtiyan II 306;
salcm salqum ciorchine 66r/6g (D 128, K 182), KW 213, tc. salkm II 310
[tc. salkm (sic!) DEX; tc. salchim (sic!) MDA; tc salkim (!) DEXI];
sarai (reg.: grajd, cote, opron), serai saraj palat (p.) 39v/26 (D 87, K 89),
KW 214, tc. tt. saray, seray II 314;
sc2 (strigt pentru oi) sik penis 48 r/17 (D 98, K 112), KW 219, tc. sik
[MDA; vezi i sictir II 321];
446
Prvu Boerescu
28
snduc, sunduc, sandc (nv. reg. cufr) sunduq, synduk (ar.) 46r/17 (D 95, K
106 capsa), 50v/31 (D 102, K 181), 65v/31 (D 127, K 181), KW 225, tc.
sandk, sanduk II 313 [v. i Drimba, CE, 98];
srm srma (syrma) (gr.) fir de aur i/sau de argint (Drimba, CC, 246) 60r/7
(D 116, K ), KW omis, tc. srma [Graur, DCC, 1070; ~ < tc. srma, ngr.
DEXI]
scrum !!!? qurum [ru (funingine)] 80v/2d (D 140, K 220), KW 204, tc.
kurum II 318 [~ cf. alb. shkrumb];
siri (reg.: oaie) syr (syyr) [syr pecus] Rindvieh vit cornut (+ suf. i, cf. oi)] 57r/7 (D 111, K 134), KW 229, tc. sr; [~ < bg. cpua
MDA];
smoal samala (rus.) 42r/15 (D 90, K 95), KW 294 [~ < v. sl. smola];
sofr, sufragerie sufra (ar.) [suffra mensa] 51r/23 (D 103, K 120), 82v/12 (D
144, K 233), KW 225, tc. sofra II 324;
spanac yspanaq (p.) 53v/25 (D 106, K 126), KW 274, tc. ispanak [~ < ngr.
spanki, bg. spanak];
sugiuc suu 48r/15 (D 98, K 111), KW 225, tc. sucuk II 328;
sultan sultan (ar.) [soltan] 45v/34 (D 94, K 104), KW 225, tc. sultan II 328;
suret (nv.: copie a unui act) surat (ar.) imagine 80v/1 (D 140, K 220), KW
225, tc. suret aparen, copie, tc. surat fa, fizionomie III 112;
aitan, eitan, oitan (reg. diavol) ajtan (ar.) 71r/2 (D 133, K 197), KW 230,
tc. eytan II 336;
ofran zafran (ar.) 41v/10 (D 89, K 93), KW 275, tc. safran I 280 [~ < rus.
afran, pol. szafran DEX; ~ < slv. afran, cf. germ Safran, fr. safran MDA
(~ ?, cf. Graur, DCC, 1137; Drimba, 1964, p. 108)];
taban (reg., la nclminte: cptueal a tlpii; bran) taban [sola pedis]
48v/22 (D 99, K 99), KW 231, tc. taban talp II 339 (Drimba, CE, p.
100);
taman tamam (ar.) 6v/12 (D 43, K 13), 70r/19 (D 132, K 137), KW 233, tc.
tamam II 347;
tambur (nv.: tob) tombur (ital.) [dy puvke (die Pauke)] tob, timpan
81r/4d (D 141, K 223), KW 249 [~ < fr.];
tarla tarlov 65v/27d (D 127, K 180), 81r/7d (D 141, K 224), 81v/36d (D 143, K
229), KW 236, tc. tarla II 350;
tas tas (ar.) [bacile] 43v/30 (D 92, K 100), KW 236, tc. tas II 357;
tlman, talaman (reg., Bucovina: tont) talaman znkisch, certre
59r/10 (D 115, K 144), KW 232, tc. talaman certre, argos (MDA);
trsn (nv.: estur groas i aspr) ters (merc.) [scamandro] un fel de
stof 46v/6 (D 96, K 107, greit: terf), KW 243, [~ < bg. trsina DEX; ~ <
slav. trsina MDA, DEXI];
ttar tatar [tatare pe ttrete] 61v/25 (D 118, K 160), [tatar til limba
ttar] 81v/32d (D 143, K 229), KW 237, tc. Tatar;
29
Codex Comanicus
447
tlmaci, tlmaci tolma [?], tylma (rus.) [telma] 45v/26 (D 95, K 105), KW 248
[~ < slv. tlma];
teanc tag (p.) [balla] balot de mrfuri 44v/15 (D 93, K 102), KW 234, tc.
tenk (denk) II 355;
telal talal (ar.) 44r/24 (D 93, K 101), KW 233, tc. telll II 353;
terezie tarazu (p.) 40v/3 (D 87, K 90), KW 236, tc. terazi I 44, II 356 [~ < tc.
terazi, bg. MDA; Suciu, CRT, p. 159];
tigaie tegene [tegana] 42v/21 (D 90, K 97), 52v/28 (D 105, K 124), KW 238 [~ <
bg. tigan, srb. tiganj DEX; ~ < slv. tigan, tigan, srb. tiganja, ngr. (pl.)
tignia MDA; ~ < bg. , srb. tiganja DEXI];
tipsie tepsi 53r/14 (D 105, K 125), KW 242, tc. tepsi II 361;
tocmac (nv.: ciocan de plpumar, mai) ? toqmaq ciocan de lemn 43v/24 (D 92,
K 100), KW 249, tc. tokmak pislog, mai;
toi toj [convivium] osp, banchet 8v/7 (D 46, K 17), KW 248, tc. toy, doy
II 363 (Suciu, CRT, p. 221);
toiag tajaq, -i Stab, toiag [tayag] 60r/27 (D 116, K 144), [tayjak] 70r/1 (D
131, K 191), KW 232 [~ < v. sl. tojag, tojaga DEX];
tos toz [tos puluis] 39v/12 (D 86, K 89), KW 250, tc. toz;
tuci tu [stangnum (!)] 65v/33dr (D 127, K 181[omis]) KW 253, tc. tu
bronz II 385;
tuman (reg.: cea) tuman [nebula] 37r/15 (D 83, K 82), KW 253, tc. duman
[~ < rus., ucr. y MDA];
turliu(-turliu) (nv.: dichisit) trl [forma] 13v/12 (D 52, K 28), [tvrlu tvrlu
varia] 71r/5 (D 133, K 197), KW 260, tc. trl soi, fel, trl-trl fel de
fel II 370;
tutun tutun [fumus] 53r/10 (D 105, K 125), KW 261, tc. ttn II 370;
clie ??? (fam. cioc, barbion) saqal barb + suf. ie, cf. antr. acal (P.B.)
48v/25 (D 99, K 113), KW 214, tc. sakal barb [~ < magh. szakll barb
C. Lacea, DR III, p. 748; ~ form. expr., cf. ac, cioc Ciornescu DER, 8438;
~ < ac1 + suf. lie DLR s.n. XII, 1, p. 22; MDA: probabil ac1 + suf.
lie; ~ et. nec. DEXI];
vadea (nv., reg.: termen de plat) vada (ar.) scaden, soroc [ouada
terminum] 46r/10 (D 95, K 106), KW 272, tc. vade termen II 374;
vai! vaj! 62v/37 (D 121, K 166), KW 272, tc. vay!;
zahr akar (p.), kr (Drimba, CC, p. 202) [sahar] 40v/22 (D 88, K 91) KW
230, tc. eker [~ < ngr. , cf. bg. axap DEXI];
zaraf saraf (ar.) 40v/2 (D 87, K 90), KW 214, tc. sarraf II 386;
zitin (reg., Banat: untdelemn) zejtin mslin [zeytin aga mslin] 71r/18
(D 134, K 199), KW 275, tc. zeytin yag ulei de msline [~ < srb. zejtin
MDA];
zurn (fluier) suruna (p.) 45r/15 (D 94, K 103), KW 226, tc. zurna II 331
(s.v. surl).
448
Prvu Boerescu
30
Nume geografice:
Alma, Almaj ??? alma [pomum] mr 53r/28 (D 106, K 125), cf. magh.
alma, cf. magh. Almgy, Halmgy, tc. elma [magh. alms livad de meri,
cf. I. Iordan, Toponimia, p. 82; Halmgy < alma + -gy pru, albie de ru,
Kisch, I, p. 96, ap. I. Iordan, l. cit.];
Arpa cf. arpa orz 55v/3 (D 109, K 130), KW 40, tc. arpa ( II 26: arpagic),
magh. rps loc cu orz [Drganu, 541542; cf. antr. Arpa];
Brlui, Burlui ? ??? bur- a toarce, a ese 28v/12-14 (D 71, K 60), KW 68;
Borcea ?? v. antr. Borce, Borciul;
?? bara, bar (adj.) tot, ntreg 35r/7 (D 80, K 76), KW 50;
Burnaz ?? ? cf. burun, brun nas 62v/16 (D 120, K 164), KW 69, tc. burun
[DO, 224];
Buzu ? buzav, buzov [buxau vitellus] (cf. Ialomia vac gras i stearp,
P.B.) 54r/27 (D 107, K 128), KW 70, tc. buza [~ < M (hidronim, sec.
IV), ap. V. Prvan, Contr. epigr., SICA, 1992, p. 255; ~ < magh. boz < bg.
bozovo, cf. boz (I. Iordan, Toponimia, p. 61, dup Weigand); cf. buz, DO,
226];
Buceag (Bucegi) ??, Bugeac buak unghi 76r/1 (D 139, K 215), KW 67, tc.,
tt. bucak III 21 [tc. buak (sic!) MDA; v. Suciu, CRT, p. 209, nota 25;
DO, 218];
Caracal qara negru 46v/27 (D 96, K 108, 143), KW193, qalaa (ar.)
[castrum] 39v/24 (D 87, K 89), KW 191, tc. kara kale I 15 [acelai cu
caracal lynx (Ciornescu, DER, 1448)];
Caraiman ? qara negru 46v/27 (D 96, K 108, 143), KW193, I 88, 90, + suf.
man, cf. caraman negricios, brunet (~ < tc. karaman, cu i epentetic II
396; cf. tc. karamanl din Karamania etc., DO, 230),
?! tcc. qara iman capr neagr, Suciu, CRT, p. 206 [tcc. iman capr nu
este atestat n Codex Comanicus! Vezi i tc. iman religie, tt. iman
credin n Allah; tt. imana bir, dijm, DT-RU etc.! (P.B.)]
???! qar zpad 19r/8 (D 59, K 40), KW193, tc. kar;
???! aj [mensis] 36r/13 (D 82, K 79), [luna] 35v/28, 29 (D 81, K 78),
KW 30, tc. ay; (+ suf. -man);
Covurlui ?? ? qovun, uvun pepene + suf. *-luj = tc. -lu (P.B.) 53v/20 (D 106,
K 126), KW 201, tc. kavun;
??? ovar-; qyryl- a muri 81v/21d (D 142, K 227), KW 103, 207;
(?! ~ < cuman kuwarul-uj vale seac, pru sec I. Iordan, Toponimia, p.
179, cf. G. Weigand, XXVI.XXIX. Jber., p. 9899, BkA IV, p. 173174; [- uj
vale nu este atestat n Codex Comanicus! Kuwarul = ovar-ul ? (v. supra).
Totui: quru sec, uscat 39r/1 (D 86, K 87), KW 204 i eni vale,
depresiune, povrni 39v/6 (D 86, K 88), KW 89. (P.B.)]);
31
Codex Comanicus
449
Cozia ? ? qoz, oz nuc, (cf. Nucet, I. Iordan, Toponimia, p. 84) 42r/14 (D 89,
K 95), 46r/26 (D 95, K 106), 53v/2 (D 106, K 125), KW 202, tc. koz I 91;
? qozy [coxi, koz] miel 54v/2 (D 107, K 128), KW 202, tc. kuzu (P.B.),
[~ < v. sl. koza capr, cf. E. Petrovici, St. lingv. IV, p. 71; SDT, 1970,
p. 146, 280; DO, 251];
Iazupcea ?? ?? jazuq, jazyq, jazu vin 7r/20 (D 44, K 15), pcat 22r/1 (D
63, K 46), KW 109, tc. yazk pierdere, pagub; pcat!;
??? jazyl [jazlup] a fi descurcat 56r/6m (D 109, K 132), KW 109;
Oituz ??? (nv. Octuz, Ohtuz) ? gz [ochus flumen] ru (P.B.) 13v/19 (D 52,
K 28) [ogus bos] bou, 54r/25 (D 107, K 128), KW 182, tc. kz bou;
?? tuz sare 27r/7 (D 70, K 57), KW 259;
???! oqt (ar.) Zeit, Stunde 36r/16, 19 (D 82, K 79) KW 178,
??? uz (etnonim) cf. infra, Uz, Uzu;
Suhului ??? ?? su (kii) [avarus] lacom 50r/20 (D 101, K 117), KW 225 [~
< sl. suh uscat, sec I. Iordan, Toponimia, p. 179];
Tecuci ??? ? tek < terk adesea [sepe], repede 32v/23 (D 77, K 71), KW
240;
?? tek gol, neocupat (n tek tur- a tcea) 28v/9-11 (D 71, K 60), KW
239, tc. tek singur, unic; doar;
?? u sfrit 57v/29d (D 113, K 146), KW 263, tc. u vrf, capt;
?? u-, -ar a zbura 29r/1-3 (D 72, K 61), KW 263, tc. umak a zbura;
Teleorman teli [stultus] prost 49v/22 (D 100, K 116), KW 240, orman
pdure 40r/4 (D 87, K 89), KW 179, tc. deli nebun: deli orman codru
I 15;
Terlui ? ter sudoare 48v/27 (D 99, K 113), KW 242, tc. ter ;
Tezlui ?? ? tez (p.) repede [? Totui este vorba de un ru de cmpie!] 49v/8 (D
100, K 115), KW 243, tc. tez iute;
Tighina ?? ? tegene [tegana] (it.) acquaio, conca, vas pentru ap, spltor
42v/21 (D 90, K 97), 52v/28 (D 105, K 124), KW 238 [Kuun, XXXV,
Philippide, OR, II, p. 360];
Turlui ?? ? tur-, turur stehen bleiben, verbleiben, a sta pe loc, a rmne
[manere] 17r/11-13 (D 56, K 35), KW 254, tc. durmak a se opri;
ibin ?!?? (ru) ?? ibin [ibin musca] 54v/31 (D 108, K 129), KW 75 (P.B.)
[~ < sl. (bg.) siba (sviba) coarn + suf. , cf. bg. sibinja nume de
plant (Gerov, ap. Drganu, p. 553)];
Urlui ??? ? ur-, -ur a bate, a lovi (P.B.) 21v/18-20 (D 63, K 45), KW 266;
?? urluq smn 25v/21 (D 68, K 54), KW 266;
Uz (pas), Uzu (pru), Ozoiu, Guzul, Guzuc ?? etnonimul uz (DO, 402),
uz destoinic, iscusit [factum] 12v/10, (D 51, K 26) [sensus] 25r/8 (D
67, K 53), [sapienter] 33r/1 (D 77, K 71), [uz kii destrus] 49v/15 (D
100, K 116), KW 268;
450
Prvu Boerescu
32
Nume de persoan:
Aga ?? aa (m.) [aga] frate mai mare ananyng aasy unchi din partea mamei
65v/16dr (D 127, K 180), KW 28, tc. aa chiabur, jupn, ag II 10;
Aiaz ? ajaz [ayas serenum] 37r/6 (D 83, K 181), KW 31, tc. ayaz ger [DO,
179];
Ana cf. ana [anna mater] 49r/2 (D 99, K 114) KW 37, tc. ana [~ < ebr.
Hannah, DO, 8; nume de botez foarte rspndit, n trecut];
Arpa cf. arpa orz 55v/3 (D 109, K 130), KW 40, tc. arpa ( II 26: arpagic),
magh. rps cu urcior (la ochi) [~ cf. magh. rpa DO, 183];
Asan ? azam [asan homo] 47v/1 (D 97, K 66, 109, 164), KW 46 [cf. ar., tc.
Hassan, DO, 183];
Aslan arstlan [astlan leo] 54r/15 (D 107, K 127), KW 40, tc. aslan I 89, 90,
235, II 395, III 136;
Balaban ?? balaban oim 55r/6 (D 108, K 129), KW 48, tc. balaban I 235,
255, II 36, 401;
Barcan ! Barqan, nume purtat de o cpetenie mongol;
? bar was vorhanden ist, care este (aici) 25r/12 (D 67, K 53) KW 50;
? qan, an cf. han; [~ < tc. barkan, DO, 194];
Basarab ! ? bas-, -ar- drcken, treten, a apsa, a clca, a strivi n picioare
57v/34d (D 113, K 137 KW 5152 [~ < bas + aru cel bun (?) + aba tat
(Densusianu, ap. DO, 192); vezi i cum. ary [are, ari/arri] sfnt, curat, pur
61v/1, 11, KW 41, tc. ar;
?? cf. basqaq primar, guvernator [rector] 23v/16 (D 65, K 49), KW 52
(P.B.);
? *aba7, cf. tc. baba (subst.)printe, tat, (adj.) venerat, respectat; cf.
magh. apa tat; cf. ebr. abba (DO, 179); cf. gr. abbas (Graur, DCC, 4; DO,
179);
? cf. abaa (m.) [abaga] unchi 49r/13 (D 99, K 114), KW 27; v. i cum.
aa [aga] frate mai mare ananyng aasy unchi din partea mamei
65v/16dr (D 127, K 180), KW 28 [abaa = *aba + aa ? (P.B.)];
? cf. abuqa, abyqa [senex] 38v/26 (D 85, K 87), KW 27 [abuqa =
*aba + dimin. rus. -ya (?) P.B.];
Ba ba cpetenie 47v/7 (D 97, K 31), 82r/15g (D 143, K 109), KW 52, tc. ba
I 55, 62, II 39 [DO, 193];
Batia ?? ? bat-, -ar a se scufunda, a apune 17v/28-29 (D 57, K 36), KW 53;
?? baty apus 37r/4 (D 83, K 35), KW 53;
Berindei, Berendei ??? berin- a-i da osteneala 81v/13d (D 107, 291, K 227),
KW 56 [cf. (etnonim) berendei DO, 200];
7
n acest caz, asteriscul indic faptul c (-)aba, un termen de origine probabil cuman, nu este
atestat n Codex Comanicus.
33
Codex Comanicus
451
452
Prvu Boerescu
34
Gurban ??? qurban (ar.) sacrificiu 69v/11 (D 131, K 190), KW 203, tc. kurban
I 151, III 44 (cf. Suciu, CRT, 174; DO, 290);
Huzu ??? cf. (etnonim) uz: uz destoinic, iscusit [factum] 12v/10, (D 51, K
26) [sensus] 25r/8 (D 67, K 53), [sapienter] 33r/1 (D 77, K 71), [uz kii
destrus] 49v/15 (D 100, K 116), KW 268 [DO, 300];
Iarcn jarqyn, jrqyn strlucire 76r/15 (D 139, K 216), [splendor] 70r/18 (D
132, K 193), KW 116 (cf. rus. p strlucitor P.B.);
Itu ?? it cine 54v/6 (D 107, K 128), KW 108, tc. it cine;
Moldruz, Modruz (Valea lui ~) ?? munduz [simplex] prost, nerod 71v/5 (D
134, K 200), KW 166;
Papzoglu, Popzolu (fiul popii) papaz (chr.) [bapas presbiter] 35v/12 (D
81, K 77), KW 49, 187, tc. papazolu [sonorizarea bilabialei iniiale n
cuman constituie un argument pentru etimologia cuvntului beci (< cum.
pe), v. supra];
Sahac ?!? saaq [sagac] brbie 48r/2 (D 98, K 111) KW 211 (P.B.) [~ < arm.
sahak catolicos (!)];
Sahat ??? saat, sahat [sagat hora] or 36r/16 (D 82, K 79) KW 210, tc.
saat [Philippide, OR II, 356, ap. DO, 366];
Scarlat yscarlat stof de culoare rou nchis, strlucitor 46v/5 (D 96, K 107),
KW 274, tc. iskerlet [DO, 367];
Soltan sultan (ar.) [soltan] 45v/34 (D 94, K 104), KW 225, tc. sultan II 328;
Talab tolu plin 32r/11 (D 76, K 69), KW 249, tc. dolu (-aba, cf. Basarab)
[DO, 384; v. i talab (depreciativ:) talp mare, (reg.:) grap (~ et. nec.
MDA); ~ < talp [a piciorului] + lab (Th. Hristea, LR, nr. 14/2005, p. 60,
nota nr. 6)];
Tarle, Tarlev tarlov ogor, tarla 65v/27d (D 127, K 180), 81r/7d (D 141, K
224), 81v/36d (D 143, K 229), KW 236 [cf. magh. tarl mirite, DO, 290,
385];
Tatu ??? ?? tat-, -ar a gusta 14r/18-20 (D 53, K 29), KW 237;
Tncab !! ? ta Wunder 61v/14 (D 118, K 159), KW 234, tc. tansik;
?? te compar, gleich, ebensogross, egal, la fel de mare 76r/ ad 17
(D 138, cf. 284, K 217) KW 241, cf. Basarab [DO, 390];
Temircan, Temrcan, Cantemir temir fier 13v/17 (D 52, K 28), 42v/8 (D 90,
K 96), KW 240, tt. temir, tc. demir; qan, an cf. han [DO, 389];
Tocsab ! ? touz 9 (nou) 71v/14 (D 134, K 201), KW 248, tc. tokuz, dokuz
[Drganu, ap. DO, 390];
? toqluk [superfluum] 81r/21d (D 142, K 225), KW 249, tc. tok
ndestulat; cf. Basarab;
Tortab, Tartab, Turtab trt, drt patru [trt] 63r/8 (D 121, K 167), KW
251, tc. drt [CDOR, 385, 391];
acal saqal barb 48v/25 (D 99, K 113), KW 214, tc. sakal;
35
Codex Comanicus
453
Ulubei ??? ulu [oulu magnus] (Bogrea, DR, I, p. 285) 34v/16 (D 80, K 75, 78,
161), KW 265, bej 45v/10,/17 (D 95, K 105), KW 54, tc. ulu bey [~ < tt.
(DO, 439); pt. Hulubei, cf. hulub];
Urculescu (familie de moneni din satul Comanca, lng Caracal) uruq, uru
[proles] urma, copil, seminie (P.B.) 69v/1 (D 130, K 189), 70v/7 (D
132, K 194), 76r/11 (D 139, K 216), KW 266, tc. uruk trib, clan [~ < vb. a
urca, cf. Urucu, Curculescu DO, 465];
Urucu uruq, uru [proles] urma, copil, seminie 69v/1 (D 130, K 189),
70v/7 (D 132, K 194), KW 266 [~ cf. Oruk (trib. ttresc n Bugiac, n sec.
XVII), Philippide OR, II, p. 356 ?, ap. DO, 465];
Uzun, Uzon, Ozon uzun lung, nalt 38v/20 (D 85, K 86), KW 268, tc. uzun
[DO, 402];
Zaman, Zamonea, Zmona zamana(da) (ar.) timp 74v/3,4 (D 138, K 211),
vrst 72v/12 (D 136, K 206), KW 274, tc. zaman II 130 [DO, 413].
Nu am inclus, n liste, cuvintele introduse n limba cuman de ctre
misionarii cretini, de exemplu: alleyo aleluia 80r/8, KW 35, altar 70r/7, KW
37, amen, amin 61v/30, KW 37, apostol 71v/20, KW 38, ewangelim evanghelie
61v/1, KW 96, manna man 72v/5, mirron mir, smirn 71r/19, KW 165, pap
pap 61r/19, psalmo 69r/4, profet 76r/12, KW 187, abat (kn) smbt 36v/6,
KW 230, trapes trapez 82v/11, KW 252 etc.; coincidenele ntmpltoare i
nesemnificative precum curea qur Leibgurt, Schwertgehnge, cingtoare
51r/32 (D 103, K 120), KW 203 [curea < lat. corrigia sau *corrella curea la
nclminte], ori cotor qotur crust, pecingine, rie 50r/6,12 (D 101, K 116),
KW 201 [~ et. nec. DEXI (cf. alb. kot, P. Boerescu, n LR, LIII, 2004, nr. 56,
p. 256266]; interpretrile greite, de exemplu: hambar (Densusianu, ILR, I, 243,
v. i Suciu, CRT, 212, 213, cf. tc. ambar) care nu este atestat n cuman cu acest
sens, deoarece cum. ambar [ladano] (Kuun, 95), este tradus de Vl. Drimba prin
ambr cenuie, CCD, p. 205, cf. (p. 89) f. 42r/7 (vezi i lat. med. ambra, cu
echivalentul cum. charabar, CCD 41v/23); lecturile eronate, de exemplu: madem
minereu, metal, aliaj [madim, metallum, la Kuun, 233], n loc de kr-almadym
(kralmadm, Drimba, CC, p. 295): kr-alma [odiui], KW 153 nicht sehen
wollen, nicht ausstehen knnen, hassen, a ur etc. CCD 82v/8d; alt exemplu: mir
(ar.) princeps (Kuun, p. 216), cf. tc. emir, amir, pus n legtur de A. Philippide
(OR, II, p. 379) cu rom. mire [~ cf. alb. mir bun DEX; ~ cf. alb. mir bun, lat.
milex soldat DEXI], lectur greit n loc de cum. nur lumin (CC 69v/7, ed.
Drimba, p. 130). Nu am nregistrat n list nici cuvntul cum. be<e>l [hvffe
halcz] hftenlahm (Grnbech, KW, p. 54) = spetit, deelat, 82r/2d (D 143,
K 229, v. i Drimba, CC, p. 293, cu trimitere la L. Ligeti, 1962, p. 173174),
hvffe halcz fiind interpretat anterior de G. Kuun (CC, p. 229), din cauza pierderii
prii superioare a literelor la tierea hrtiei, cu ocazia legrii Codexului, ca huffe
hauz, urbs munita, ora [germ. Haus = cas!], loc ntrit (cf. Bcs Viena) i,
din aceast cauz, considerat pn nu demult, din inerie, dup ineanu IO, I 16,
454
Prvu Boerescu
36
drept cea mai sigur etimologie cuman din limba romn (pentru beci), dei
corectura era semnalat nc din anul 1942, n dicionarul lui K. Grnbech!
De asemenea, nu au fost incluse cuvintele turcice care au o origine persan,
copiate din greeal de L. ineanu (IO, I, p. 1618), din glosarul persan-latin al
ediiei G. Kuun: calp [chalp, falsus] 50r/25, dulap [dulab, armarium] 40r/15,
gherdan [gerdan, collum] 8v/18, hatr [chatir, voluntas] 28v/9, nai [nay, tibia,
tronbeta] 45r/22, tabiet [tabiat (ar.), natura] 19r/4; olat [oleat, provincia]
39v/20, care, acesta din urm, din cauza aceleiai greeli este considerat cuman i
de ctre Al. Ciornescu (DER, 5862) [olat: et. nec. DEX, MDA, DEXI !].
n sfrit, nu am considerat necesar s mai ncarc listele de mai sus cu
echivalentele cumane ale unor turcisme dobrogene cu rspndire limitat, precum
curuluc (mod de a usca tutunul) cf. quru [churu sichus] 39r/1 (D 86, K 87),
KW 204, tc. kuruluk uscciune, i nici cu toponime de origine turco-ttar din
Dobrogea sau din sudul Basarabiei.
Cea mai recent sintez dedicat posibilelor mprumuturi cumane n limba
romn i aparine lui Emil Suciu (CRT, p. 215225), care selecteaz mai nti un
numr de 8 cuvinte pentru care exist argumente solide n favoarea etimologiei
cumane: beci, ciob, duman, gorgan, odaie, oin, trm, toi i, separat, alte 9 sau
11 cuvinte a cror origine cuman sau, n general, turcic, preosmanlie, rmne
plauzibil, dar discutabil i deci ipotetic: (arcan), briceag, burlan, butuc,
(capcan), cluz, cinel, hlciug, (h)oinar, ortoman, pozn.
Lund ca baz de pornire aceast list, mpreun cu argumentele lui Emil
Suciu i ale lui Vladimir Drimba (cf. Drimba, CE), n Codex Comanicus ar fi
atestate etimoanele cumane ale cuvintelor beci, briceag, burlan, butuc, ciob,
duman, gorgan, hlciug, hoinar, oin, ortoman, toi.
Despre ciob am discutat nu demult, n aceast revist, pentru a doua oar.
Componenta cuman (i nu turc osmanlie!) a etimologiei acestui cuvnt mi se
pare acum sigur. Oin, hoinar i toi par s fie, cu destul certitudine, cuvinte de
origine preosmanlie, cuman, aa cum susin V. Drimba i E Suciu, dei
dicionarele curente prefer (nc!) etimologia turc. Butuc i hlciug nu au o
origine cuman din cauza semantismului clar divergent, soluiile date n DA i
CDER, 1238 pentru butuc, respectiv de ctre Andrei Avram (NCE, p. 118) pentru
hlciug (< halng + hciug) fiind mult mai plauzibile. Pentru briceag i
burlan, explicaiile lui Emil Suciu sunt suficiente, n aparen, dar originea cuman
a acestora rmne cu totul nesigur: sunt denumirile unor produse care implic o
tehnologie ce nu a fost utilizat la noi, pe o scar mai larg, n epoca preosmanlie.
Noua etimologie cuman a cuvntului beci, dat de Vl. Drimba: *be = pe
cuptor < v. sl., v. rus. pe cuptor i peter este mai coerent dect cea
anterioar, care s-a dovedit a fi consecina unei lecturi eronate. Unanimitatea
credinei c beci ar fi un cuvnt cuman a facilitat intrarea noii soluii n DEXI,
aceasta fiind singura explicaie cuman acceptat de un dicionar recent, dei este
susinut de prea puine fapte sigure. De exemplu, nu tim cnd i unde a aprut
37
Codex Comanicus
455
456
Prvu Boerescu
38
BER
Ciornescu, (C)DER
Conea-Donat, Contr.
DA
8
Vezi, n acest sens, Ciornescu, DER, nr. 693, 694, 976, 1095, 1233, 1504, 1552, 1610, 2204,
3367, 3604, 4000, 4468, 5123, 5573, 5631, 5855, 5936, 7313, 7321, (7623), 8043, 8390, 8682, 8746,
8814, 9010, cu etimologii cumane greite: nr. 760, 5329, 5862, ori fanteziste: nr. 1947, 3557, 6053.
39
Codex Comanicus
DEHF
DEX
DEXI
DG-R
Djuvara, Thocomerius
DLR s.n.
DM-R
DO
Drganu
Drimba, CC
Drimba, CE
Drimba, 1964
DT-RU
Graur, DCC
Graur, NL
Graur, NP
Grnbech, KW
=
=
=
Guu, DL-R
Iordan, DNF
=
=
Iordan, Toponimia
Ivnescu, ILR
=
=
457
458
Prvu Boerescu
Kirly, CL
Kuun, CC
Kuun, CC2
MDA
Petrovici, SDT
Peinis, DGr-R
Philippide, OR, II
=
=
Roesler, 1865
Rosetti, ILR
Sala, IE
SDLR
Suciu, CRT
ineanu, IO
Topciu-Melonashi, DA-R
40