CALCULUL ELEMENTELOR DE SARPANTA

Evaluarea incarcarilor

Încărcarea din zăpadă: CR 1-1-3/2012

μ1α ≔ 0.8 ( α < (30°)

γSI ≔ 1

CE ≔ 1

Ct ≔ 1
kN
sk ≔ 2 ―― Valoarea încărcării din zăpadă la sol în Rm. Vâlcea
2
m
kN
S ≔ μ1α ⋅ γSI ⋅ CE ⋅ Ct ⋅ sk = 1.6 ――
2
m

Încărcarea din vant: CR 1-1-4/2012

Presiunea de referință a vântului în kPa- Rm. Vâlcea

kN
qb ≔ 0.4 ――
2
m
Factor de teren

kr ≔ 0.233
2
kr = 0.054

Inaltimea de referinta z=zmin=10m

z ≔ 10

Lungimea de rugozitate

z0 ≔ 1

Factor de rugozitate
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 ⎛z⎞ 2
cr ≔ kr ⋅ ln ⎜―⎟ = 0.354 cr = 0.125
⎝ z0 ⎠

Valoarea medie a presiunii dinamice a vantului

 Valoarea medie a presiunii dinamice a vantului
2 N
qm ≔ cr ⋅ qb = 50.002 ――
2
m

Valoarea lui ‾‾
β in functie de categoria de teren
2
β ≔ 2.12 = 4.494 ‾‾
β = 2.12

Intensitatea vantului la inaltimea z

‾‾
β
Iv ≔ ――――= 0.368
⎛z⎞
2.5 ⋅ ln ⎜―⎟
⎝ z0 ⎠

Factorul de rafala:

g ≔ 3.5

cpq ≔ 1 + 2 ⋅ g ⋅ Iv = 3.578

Valoarea de varf a presiunii dinamice medie a vantului la inaltimea z:

N
qp ≔ cpq ⋅ qm = 178.906 ――
2
m

Coeficient de importanta Coeficient aerodinamic de presiune

γIW ≔ 1 cpe ≔ 0.25

Presiunea/Suctiunea vantului pe suprafetele rigide ale acoperisului se determina cu relatia:

N
we ≔ γIW ⋅ cpe ⋅ qp = 44.726 ――
2
m

Incarcarea utila: U ≔ 1000 N

Calculul elementelor de sarpanta

Evaluarea incarcarilor

Calculul capriorilor

α ≔ 26° t ≔ 0.8 m

cos (α) = 0.899 sin (α) = 0.438

Verificarea capriorilor la moment incovoietor

Incarcarea permanenta pe m^2 normata din invelitoare Bardolina

N
gp ≔ 350 ――
2
m

Incarcarea permanenta de calcul

N
qp.c ≔ gp ⋅ t = 280 ―
m

N
qp.c.n ≔ qp.c ⋅ cos (α) = 251.662 ―
m

Incarcarea din zapada

N
qs ≔ S ⋅ t = ⎛⎝1.28 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ ―
3

N
qs.n ≔ qs ⋅ cos (α) = ⎛⎝1.15 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ ―
3

Incarcarea din vant

N
qw ≔ we ⋅ t = 35.781 ―
m

N
qw.n ≔ qw ⋅ cos (α) = 32.16 ―
m

Incarcarea utila

qu.n ≔ U ⋅ cos (α) = 898.794 N

IPOTEZE DE INCARCARE

Ipoteza 1
N
qip1 ≔ 1.35 ⋅ qp.c.n + 1.5 ⋅ qs.n = ⎛⎝2.065 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ ―
3

Ipoteza 2
N
qip2 ≔ 1.35 ⋅ qp.c.n + 1.5 ⋅ qs.n + 1.5 ⋅ qw.n = ⎛⎝2.114 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ ―
3

Ipoteza 3
N
qip3 ≔ 1.35 ⋅ qp.c.n + 1.05 ⋅ qs.n + 1.5 ⋅ qw.n = ⎛⎝1.596 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ ―
3

Ipoteza 4
 Ipoteza 4
N
qip4 ≔ 1.35 ⋅ qp.c.n + 1.05 ⋅ qw.n = 373.512 ―
m

Ipoteza 5
N
qip5 ≔ 1.35 ⋅ qp.c.n + 1.5 ⋅ qw.n = 387.984 ―
m

U5 ≔ 1.05 ⋅ qu.n = 943.734 N

MOMENTE INCOVOIETOARE

l ≔ 2.2 m

Ipoteza 1 Ipoteza 2 Ipoteza 3

2 2 2
qip1 ⋅ l qip2 ⋅ l qip3 ⋅ l
= ⎛⎝1.25 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ N ⋅ m = ⎛⎝1.279 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ N ⋅ m M3.c ≔ ―――
3 3
M1.c ≔ ――― M2.c ≔ ――― = 965.558 N ⋅ m
8 8 8

Ipoteza 4 Ipoteza 5
2 2
qip4 ⋅ l qip5 ⋅ l
M4.c ≔ ――― = 225.975 N ⋅ m M5.c ≔ ――― = 234.73 N ⋅ m
8 8

MEd ≔ max ⎛⎝M1.c , M2.c , M3.c , M4.c , M5.c⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝1.279 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ N ⋅ m

3

Sectiune propusa
2
bc ⋅ h c
= ⎛⎝2.4 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ mm
5 3
bc ≔ 0.10 m hc ≔ 0.12 m Wc ≔ ―――
6
3
bc ⋅ h c
= ⎛⎝1.44 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ mm
7 4
Ic.x ≔ ―――
12

Rezistenta de calcul

coeficient de conditii lucru coeficient de conditii lucru rezistenta caracteristica la coeficient partial de
-umiditate -timp incarcari incovoiere siguranta

N
mui ≔ 1 mdi ≔ 0.55 Ri ≔ 24 ―― γi ≔ 1.1
2
mm

coeficient de tratare a lemnului

mTi ≔ 0.9
Ri N
Ri.c ≔ mui ⋅ mdi ⋅ ― = 12 ――
γi mm
2
 Moment capabil al sectiunii

Mrc ≔ Ri.c ⋅ Wc ⋅ mTi = ⎛⎝2.592 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ N ⋅ mm

6

Verificareincovoiere.c ≔ if MEd < Mrc |

‖ “Adevarat” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “Sectiunea nu rezista” |
‖ |

Verificareincovoiere.c = “Adevarat”

Verificarea rigiditatii la incovoiere statica a capriorilor

Incarcarea permanenta Incarcarea din zapada

N 2 N
qri.s ≔ S ⋅ t ⋅ (cos (α)) = ⎛⎝1.034 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ ―
3
qri.c ≔ gp ⋅ t ⋅ cos (α) = 251.662 ―
m m

Incarcarea din vant

Incarcarea utila
N
qri.w ≔ we ⋅ t = 35.781 ―
m qri.U ≔ U ⋅ cos (α) = 898.794 N
N
Ebrad ≔ 9000 ――
2
mm

Deformatii din incarcarea permanenta Deformatii din incarcarea cu zapada

kp.def ≔ 0.5 ks.def ≔ 0.25

4 4
5 qri.c ⋅ l 5 qri.s ⋅ l
fc.p.inst ≔ ―― ⋅ ―――― fc.s.inst ≔ ―― ⋅ ―――― = 2.434 mm
384 Ebrad ⋅ Ic.x 384 Ebrad ⋅ Ic.x

fc.p ≔ fc.p.inst ⋅ ⎛⎝1 + kp.def⎞⎠ = 0.888 mm fc.s ≔ fc.s.inst ⋅ ⎛⎝1 + ks.def⎞⎠ = 3.042 mm

Deformatii din incarcarea cu vant Deformatii din incarcarea utila

kw.def ≔ 0.0 kU.def ≔ 0.0

4 3
5 qri.w ⋅ l 1 qri.U ⋅ l
fc.w.inst ≔ ―― ⋅ ―――― = 0.084 mm fc.U.inst ≔ ― ⋅ ―――― = 1.538 mm
384 Ebrad ⋅ Ic.x 48 Ebrad ⋅ Ic.x

fc.w ≔ fc.w.inst ⋅ ⎛⎝1 + kw.def⎞⎠ = 0.084 mm fc.U ≔ fc.U.inst ⋅ ⎛⎝1 + kU.def⎞⎠ = 1.538 mm
 Ipoteza 1 Ipoteza 1 Ipoteza 1

fc.1 ≔ fc.p + fc.s = 3.93 mm fc.2 ≔ fc.p + fc.s + fc.w = 4.015 mm fc.3 ≔ fc.p + fc.U + fc.w = 2.511 mm

Deformatia maxima

fc.max ≔ max ⎛⎝fc.1 , fc.2 , fc.3⎞⎠ = 4.015 mm

l
fc.adm ≔ ―― = 11 mm
200

Verificaredeformatie.c ≔ if fc.max ≤ fc.adm |

‖ “Adevarat” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “Sectiunea nu rezista” |
‖ |

Verificaredeformatie.c = “Adevarat”

CALCULUL PANELOR

Sectiune propusa
l
d ≔ ―= 1.1 m bp ≔ 0.15 m hp ≔ 0.19 m
2
2 2
bp ⋅ h p bp ⋅ h p ⎛
= ⎛⎝9.025 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ mm = ⎝7.125 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ mm
5 3 5 3
Wp.x ≔ ――― Wp.y ≔ ―――
6 6
3 3
bp ⋅ h p bp ⋅ h p ⎛
= ⎝⎛8.574 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ mm = ⎝5.344 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ mm
7 4 7 4
Ip.x ≔ ――― Ip.y ≔ ―――
12 12

Incarcarea permanenta
1 N N N
qp.p ≔ gp ⋅ 2 ⋅ d ⋅ ――― + bp ⋅ hp ⋅ 4800 ―― = 993.503 ― qp.p.y ≔ qp.p = 993.503 ―
(
cos α ) m
3
m m

Incarcarea din actiunea zapezii

N N
qp.s ≔ S ⋅ 2 ⋅ d = ⎛⎝3.52 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ ― qp.s.y ≔ qp.s = ⎛⎝3.52 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ ―
3 3

m m

Incarcarea din actiunea vantului

1 N
qp.w ≔ we ⋅ 2 ⋅ d ⋅ ――― = 109.478 ―
cos (α) m
N
qp.w.x ≔ qp.w ⋅ sin (α) = 47.992 ―
m
 N
qp.w.x ≔ qp.w ⋅ sin (α) = 47.992 ―
m

N
qp.w.y ≔ qp.w ⋅ cos (α) = 98.398 ―
m

IPOTEZE DE INCARCARE

Ipoteza 1
N
qp.1.y ≔ qp.p.y ⋅ 1.35 + qp.s ⋅ 1.5 = ⎛⎝6.621 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ ―
3

Ipoteza 2
N
qp.2.x ≔ qp.w.x ⋅ 1.05 = 50.392 ―
m

N
qp.2.y ≔ qp.p.y ⋅ 1.35 + qp.s ⋅ 1.5 + qp.w.y ⋅ 1.05 = ⎛⎝6.725 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ ―
3

Ipoteza 3

N
qp.3.x ≔ qp.w.x ⋅ 1.5 = 71.988 ―
m

N
qp.3.y ≔ qp.p.y ⋅ 1.35 + qp.s ⋅ 1.05 + qp.w.y ⋅ 1.5 = ⎛⎝5.185 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ ―
3

MOMENTE INCOVOIETOARE

lp ≔ 3.2 m

Ipoteza 1
2
qp.1.y ⋅ lp
= ⎛⎝8.475 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ N ⋅ m
3
Mp.1.x ≔ ―――
8

Ipoteza 2 Ipoteza 3
2 2
qp.2.y ⋅ lp qp.3.y ⋅ lp
= ⎛⎝8.607 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ N ⋅ m = ⎛⎝6.637 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ N ⋅ m
3 3
Mp.2.x ≔ ――― Mp.3.x ≔ ―――
8 8
2 2
qp.2.x ⋅ lp qp.3.x ⋅ lp
Mp.2.y ≔ ――― = 64.501 N ⋅ m Mp.3.y ≔ ――― = 92.145 N ⋅ m
8 8
 Momente capabile ale sectiunii

Mrp.x ≔ Ri.c ⋅ Wp.x ⋅ mTi = ⎛⎝9.747 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ N ⋅ m

3

Mrp.y ≔ Ri.c ⋅ Wp.y ⋅ mTi = ⎛⎝7.695 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ N ⋅ m

3

VERIFICARI

Ipoteza 1 Verificareincovoiere.p.1 ≔ if Mp.1.x ≤ Mrp.x |

‖ “Adevarat” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “Sectiunea nu rezista” |
‖ |

Verificareincovoiere.p.1 = “Adevarat”

Mp.2.x Mp.2.y |
Ipoteza 2 Verificareincovoiere.p.2 ≔ if ―― + ―― ≤ 1.00 |
Mrp.x Mrp.y
|
‖ “Adevarat” |
‖
else |
‖ “Sectiunea nu rezista” |
‖ |

Verificareincovoiere.p.2 = “Adevarat”

Mp.3.x Mp.3.y |
Ipoteza 3 Verificareincovoiere.p.3 ≔ if ―― + ―― ≤ 1.00 |
Mrp.x Mrp.y
|
‖ “Adevarat” |
‖
else |
‖ “Sectiunea nu rezista” |
‖ |

Verificareincovoiere.p.3 = “Adevarat”

Deformatii din incarcarea permanenta Deformatii din incarcarea cu zapada

kp.def ≔ 0.5 ks.def ≔ 0.25

4 4
5 qp.p.y ⋅ lp 5 qp.s.y ⋅ lp
fp.p.inst ≔ ―― ⋅ ―――― = 1.758 mm fp.s.inst ≔ ―― ⋅ ―――― = 6.228 mm
384 Ebrad ⋅ Ip.x 384 Ebrad ⋅ Ip.x

fp.p ≔ fp.p.inst ⋅ ⎛⎝1 + kp.def⎞⎠ = 2.637 mm fp.s ≔ fp.s.inst ⋅ ⎛⎝1 + ks.def⎞⎠ = 7.785 mm
Deformatii din incarcarea cu vant
kw.def ≔ 0
4 4
5 qp.w.x ⋅ lp 5 qp.w.y ⋅ lp
fp.w.inst.x ≔ ―― ⋅ ―――― = 0.085 mm fp.p.inst.y ≔ ―― ⋅ ―――― = 0.174 mm
384 Ebrad ⋅ Ip.x 384 Ebrad ⋅ Ip.x

fp.w.x ≔ fp.w.inst.x ⋅ ⎛⎝1 + kw.def⎞⎠ = 0.085 mm fp.w.y ≔ fp.p.inst.y ⋅ ⎛⎝1 + kw.def⎞⎠ = 0.174 mm

Sageata in ipoteza 1 fp.1 ≔ fp.p + fp.s = 10.422 mm

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
Sageata in ipoteza 2 fp.2 ≔ fp.w.x + ⎛⎝fp.p + fp.s + fp.w.y⎞⎠ = 10.597 mm

lp
fp.adm ≔ ―― = 16 mm
200

fp.max ≔ max ⎛⎝fp.1 , fp.2⎞⎠ = 10.597 mm

Verificaredeformatie.p ≔ if fp.max ≤ fp.adm |

‖ “Adevarat” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “Sectiunea nu rezista” |
‖ |

Verificaredeformatie.p = “Adevarat”

Calculul popilor

Ipoteza 1
⎛ 1.35 ⋅ gp ⎞
+ 1.5 ⋅ S⎟ ⋅ 2 ⋅ d ⋅ lp = ⎛⎝2.06 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ N
4
N1 ≔ ⎜―――
⎝ cos (α) ⎠

Ipoteza 2
⎛ 1.35 ⋅ gp ⎞
+ 1.5 ⋅ S + 1.05 ⋅ we⎟ ⋅ 2 ⋅ d ⋅ lp = ⎛⎝2.093 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ N
4
N2 ≔ ⎜―――
⎝ cos (α) ⎠

Ipoteza 3
⎛ 1.35 ⋅ gp ⎞
+ 1.05 ⋅ S + 1.5 ⋅ we⎟ ⋅ 2 ⋅ d ⋅ lp = ⎛⎝1.6 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ N
4
N3 ≔ ⎜―――
⎝ cos (α) ⎠

Nmax ≔ max ⎛⎝N1 , N2 , N3⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝2.093 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ N

4
 Verificare la flambaj

Sectiune propusa
3
2 bpop ⋅ hpop
bpop ≔ 0.15 m hpop ≔ 0.15 m Apop ≔ bpop ⋅ hpop = 0.023 m Ipop ≔ ――――
12

‾‾‾‾
Ipop
ipop ≔ ―― = 0.043 m Hpop1 ≔ 0.86 m Hpop2 ≔ 1.28 m
Apop
lf.pop.1 ≔ Hpop1 lf.pop.2 ≔ Hpop2

lf.pop.1 lf.pop.2
λpop1 ≔ ―― = 19.861 λpop2 ≔ ―― = 29.56
ipop ipop

ρpop.1 ≔ if λpop1 ≤ 75 | ρpop.2 ≔ if λpop2 ≤ 75 |

‖ | ‖ |
⎛ λpop1 ⎞ ⎛ λpop2 ⎞
‖ 1 − 0.8 ⋅ ⎜―― | ‖ 1 − 0.8 ⋅ ⎜―― |
⎟ ⎟
‖ ⎝ 100 ⎠ | ‖ ⎝ 100 ⎠ |
else | else |
‖ 3100 | ‖ 3100 |
‖ ――― | ‖ ――― |
2 2
‖‖ λpop1 | |
| ‖ λpop2
‖ |

ρpop.1 = 0.841 ρpop.2 = 0.764

N
Rc.c.∥ ≔ 9.2 ――
2
mm

mTi ≔ 0.9

cr.pop.1 ≔ Apop ⋅ Rc.c.∥ ⋅ mTi ⋅ ρpop.1 = ⎛⎝1.567 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ N

5

cr.pop.2 ≔ Apop ⋅ Rc.c.∥ ⋅ mTi ⋅ ρpop.2 = ⎛⎝1.422 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ N

5

flambajpop.1 ≔ if cr.pop.1 ≥ Nmax | flambajpop.2 ≔ if cr.pop.2 ≥ Nmax |

‖ “OK” | ‖ “OK” |
‖ | ‖ |
else | else |
‖ “Sectiunea nu rezista” | ‖ “Sectiunea nu rezista” |
‖ | ‖ |

flambajpop.1 = “OK” flambajpop.1 = “OK”

 Talpa pe care se sprijina popul se verifica la strivire

Aria de contact Coeficient de reazem

2
Ac ≔ bpop ⋅ hpop = 0.023 m mr ≔ 1.6

Coeficient de tratare a lemnului- compresiune

mTi ≔ 0.9

Rezistenta de calcul la compresiune in plan perpendicular pe fibre:

N
Rc.c.perpend ≔ 1.956 ――
2
mm

Capacitatea de rezistenta la strivire

Qr ≔ Ac ⋅ mTi ⋅ mr ⋅ Rc.c.perpend = ⎛⎝6.337 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ N

4

strivirepop ≔ if Qr ≥ Nmax |
‖ “OK” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “Sectiunea nu rezista” |
‖ |

strivirepop = “OK”