TIMPUL

Este reprezentat cu autorul unei axe, momentul present ‘NOW’ fiind punctul de referinta la care se raporteaza toate timpurile verbale.

Timpul se divide in

-present : pe a carui axa avem : PRESENT TENSE SIMPLE,PRESENT TENSE CONTINUOUS si, anterior lor, PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE,PRESENT
PERFECT CONTINUOUS

-past : pe a carui axa avem: PAST TENSE SIMPLE, PAST TENSE CONTINUOUS si, anterior lor, PAST PERFECT SIMPLE, PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

-future : FUTURE TENSE SIMPLE, FUTURE TENSE CONTINUOUS si, anterior lor, FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE, FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

TIMPURILE se construiesc astfel

 Cele PERFECTE, ne arata anterioritatea fata de punctul de referinta (prezent,trecut,viitor) si se construiesc

cu auxiliarul HAVE iar daca avem -PRESENT PERFECT=> have va fi la prezent => HAVE
-PAST PERFECT => have va fi la trecut => HAD
- FUTURE PERECT => have va fi la viitor => WILL HAVE
 Cele continue, cu ajutorul sufixului – ING care ne indica durata/continuitatea actiunii

FORMAREA TIMPURILOR

PRESENT
1. Present tense simple Afirmativ Subiect+infinitiv scurt + S la persoana 3 a singular
Ex : I learn….SHE/HE learns
Atentie!
- Adaugam S la verbele terminate in consoana (exceptie S/Z) si vocala (exceptie O)
- Adaugam ES la verbele terminate in S, SS, Z, ZZ, -T(CH), SH, X, O
Ex: pass-passes; watch-watches, go-goes
- La verbele terminate in consoana + Y, Y se transforma in I si adaugam ES
Ex : carry-carries ; try-tries, fly-flies

1
 Negativ Subiect+auxiliarul DO+NOT+ verb
I do not lern
Interogativ Inversiune auxiliar – subiect+verb
Do I lern?
2. Present tense Afirmativ S+ auxiliarul BE la present + participiul present al verbului (-ing)
continuous I am learning
Atentie !
- Verbele terminate in VOCALA fac urmatoarele schimbari de ortografie
E mut dispare : love – loving
IE – cele doua vocale devin Y si adaugam ING : die-dying
- Verbele terminate in SEMIVOCALA –Y- o pastreaza indiferent daca este precedata de o
vocala sau de o consoana ex : try-trying ; play-playing
- Verbele terminate in CONSOANA
a. Monosilabice (alcatuite dintr-o singura silaba) care se termina intr-o consoana
precedata de o vocala dubleaza consoana finala ex: sit-sitting; dig-digging
b. Bisilabice (alcatuite din 2 silabe)
- Dubleaza consoana daca accentual cade pe a 2 a silaba: be-gin/beginning;
prefer/preferring
- NU dubleaza daca accentual cade pe prima silaba: en-ter/entering
c. La verbele terminate in IC, c se transforma in CK : panic-panicking
d. La verbele terminate in L dublam L in British English si NU DUBLAM in American
English
Ex: travel-travelling(B.E)-traveling(A.E.)
Negativ S+ BE la present + NOT+ING
I am not learning
Interogativ Inversiune auxiliary-subiect+verb
Am I learning?
3. Present perfect simple Afirmativ S+prezentul auxiliarului HAVE + participiul trecut al vb (-ed)
I have learned
Negativ S+prezentul auxiliarului HAVE + NOT + participiul trecut al vb
I have not learned
Interogativ Inversiune S-auxiliar
Have I learned?
4. Present perfect Afirmativ S+ prezentul aux HAVE+ participiul trecut al aux BE (BEEN)+ participiul present al vb (-ing)

2
 continuous I have been learning
Negativ S+ prezentul aux HAVE+ NOT+participiul trecut al aux BE (BEEN)+ participiul present al vb (-ing)
I have not been learning
Interogativ Inversiune subiect-auxiliar
Have I been learning?
PAST
1. Past tense simple Afirmativ a. Verbe neregulate – forma a 2 a din lista
b. VERBE REGULATE- adauga ED la infinitivul scurt (forma din dictionar fara particula TO)
I learned
Atentie:
- Verbele terminate in vocala adauga ED ex: dye-dyed
- Y precedat de consoana Y-> I + ED cry-cried
- Verbele terminate in consoana
=monosilabice: dubleaza consoana finala ex: star-starred
=bisilabice : dubleaza consoana finala doar daca accentul cade pe a 2 a silaba
en-ter/enterred
- IC-> CK panic-panicked
- Litera L se dubleaza in BE si nu se dubleaza in A.E. travel-travelled-traveled
Negativ S+ aux DO la trecut = DID+ vb la infinitive scurt
I did not learn
!!! ATENTIE !!! Nu punem si auxiliarul DO si verbul de conjugat la trecut! VERBUL DE CONJUGAT
RAMANE LA INFINITIV SCURT !
Este gresita formularea I DID NOT LEARNED
ESTE CORECT : I did not LEARN
Interogativ Auxiliarul DO la trecut = DID+ S+vb la infinitivul scurt
Did I learn?
2. Past tense continuous Afirmativ Subiect+ past tense al auxiliarului BE+ partcipiul present al verbului de conjugat
I was learning
Negativ Subiect+ past tense al auxiliarului BE+NOT+ partcipiul present al verbului de conjugat
I was not learning
Interogativ Inversiune subiect –auxiliar
Was I learing ?
3. Past perfect simple Afirmativ Past tense al auxiliarului HAVE (HAD)+ partcipiul trecut al vb
I had learned

3
 Negativ Past tense al auxiliarului HAVE (HAD)+NOT+ partcipiul trecut al vb
I had not learned
Interogativ Inversiune subiect-auxiliar
Had I learned?
4. Past perfect Afirmativ S+Past tense aux Have (HAD)+ participiul trecut al lui BE (BEEN)+participiul present vb (ING)
continuous I had been learning
Negativ S+Past tense aux Have (HAD)+NOT+ participiul trecut al lui BE (BEEN)+participiul present vb
(ING)
I had not been learning
Interogativ Had I been learning?
FUTURE
1. Future tense simple S+ SHALL (pers 1)/ WILL (pers 2 si 3 singular si plural) + infinitive scurt
I shall learn
2. Future tense S+ future simple al auxiliarului BE+ participiul present al vb de conjugat
continuous I shall be learing
3. Future perfect simple S+ viitorul simplu al aux HAVE+ participiul trecut al vb de conjugat
I shall have worked
4. Future perfect S+ viitorul perect al aux BE+participiul prezent al vb de conjugat
continuous I shall have been workin
5. ALTE MIJLOACE DE EXPRIMARE A VIITORULUI
a. BE GOING TO : I am going to learn
b. BE TO: These tablets are to be kept out of reach of children
c. BE ABOUT TO + infinitiv

PARTICIPIUL PREZENT= infinitive+ ing

PARTICIPIUL TRECUT= este la fel ca PAST TENSE (-ED)sau a 3 a forma din lista verbelor neregulate.