Metoda integrării prin părţi

E1(pag.229)
Z 1 Să se calculeze folosind integrarea prin părţi:
a) xe2x dx;
Z0 1
b) (2x − 1)ex dx;
Z 0e
c) x ln xdx;
1
Z e
d) x2 ln xdx;
Z 1e2
e) ln2 xdx;
Z 1e
ln x
f) dx.
1 x
Rezolvare. Z 1  2x ′
Z 1 1 1
1 1 2x e2 e2x e2 e2 1
Z
2x e x 2x
a) xe dx = x dx = e − e dx = − = − + =
0 0 2 2 0 2 0 2 4 0 2 4 4
e2 + 1
=
4Z
1 Z 1 Z 1 1 1
b) (2x − 1)ex dx = (2x − 1)(ex )′ dx = (2x − 1)ex − 2 ex dx = e + 1 − 2ex =
0 0 0 0 0
= e + Z1 − 2e + 2 = −e Z e+3 2 ′
e e e
x2 1 e e 2 x2 e2 e2 1
Z
x
c) x ln xdx = ln xdx = ln x − xdx = − = − + =
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 4 1 2 4 4
e2 + 1
=
4Z Z e  3 ′ e e
e
x3 1 e 2 e 3 x3 e3 e3 1
Z
2 x
d) x ln xdx = ln xdx = ln x − x dx = − = − + =
1 1 3 3 1 3 1 3 9 1 3 9 9
3
2e + 1
=
9Z 2 Z 2 2 Z 2
e e e e
e) ln2 xdx = x′ ln2 xdx = x ln2 x −2 ln xdx =
1 1 1 1
e2 e2
R e2 ′
= 4e − 2 1 x ln xdx = 4e − 2x ln x + 2x = 4e2 − 4e2 + 2e2 − 2 = 2(e2 − 1)
2 2

1 1Z
Z e Z e e e
ln x ′ 2 1 1
f) dx = (ln x) ln xdx = ln x − ln x · dx ⇒ I = 1 − I ⇒ I =
1 x 1 1 1 x 2
E2(pag.229) Să se calculeze folosind integrarea prin părţi:
Z π
2
a) (x + 1) sin xdx;
Z0 π
3
b) x sin xdx;
0
Z π
6
c) sin2 xdx;
Z0 π
2 x
d) dx.
π
4
sin2 x
Rezolvare.

1
 Z π Z π π Z π
2 2 2 2
′
a) (x + 1) sin xdx = (x + 1)(− cos x) dx = −(x + 1) cos x + cos xdx =
0 0 0 0
π
2
= 1 + sin x = 1 + 1 = 2
Z π 0 Z π π Z π π
3 3 3 3 π 3
b) x sin xdx = x(− cos x)′ dx = −x cos x + cos xdx = − + sin x =
0 √ 0 0 0 6 0
π 3
=− +
6 2Z π Z π π Z π
6 6 6 6
2 ′
c) I = sin xdx = sin x(− cos x) dx = − sin x cos x + cos2 xdx =
√ Z0 π 0
√ Z π √ 0 π 0
3 6 3 6 3 6
=− + (1 − sin2 x)dx = − + dx − I = − +x −I
4 0 √ 4 √ 0 4 0
3 π 3 π
Rezultă I = − + −I ⇒I =− +
Z π 4 6Z π 8 12 π Z π π
2 x 2
′
2 2 π 2
d) 2 dx = x(−ctgx) dx = −xctgx + ctgxdx = + ln(sin x) =
π sin x π π π 4 π
4
√ 4 4 4 4
π 2 π √
= − ln = + ln 2
4 2 4
E3(pag.229) Să se calculeze folosind integrarea prin părţi:
Z √5 √
a) x2 + 4dx;
Z0 3 √
b) 16 − x2 dx;
0
Z 4√
c) x2 − 5dx;
Z3 1 √
d) x x2 + 1dx.
0
E4(pag.229)
Z 1 Să se verifice egalităt, ile:
1
a) xex−2 dx = 2 .
e
Z0 π
2 1 π
ex sin xdx =


b) e2 + 1 ;
Z 01 2
π−1
c) (x + arcsin x)dx = ;
0
Z e 2
2e3 + 1
d) x2 ln xdx = .
1 9
Rezolvare.
Z 1 Z 1 1 Z 1 1
x−2 x−2 ′

x−2 x−2 1 x−2 1 1 1 1
a) xe dx = x e dx = xe − e dx = − e = − + 2 = 2
0 0 0 0 e 0 e e e e
Z π Z π π Z π π
2 2 2 2 π 2
b) I = ex sin xdx = (ex )′ sin xdx = ex sin x − ex cos xdx = e 2 − ex cos x − I
0 0 0 0 0
1 π
π

Rezultă 2I = e + 1 ⇒ I = 2 e2 + 1 .
2
Z 1 1 Z 1 1 Z 1
x2 ′ 1 x
c) (x + arcsin x)dx = + x arcsin xdx = + x arcsin x − √ dx =
0 2 0 0 2 0 0 1 − x2

2
 1
1 π √ π−1
= + + 1 − x2 =
2 2 0 Z 2 
Z e e ′ e e
x3 x3 1 e 2 e3 x3 2e3 + 1
Z
2
d) x ln xdx = ln xdx = ln x − x dx = − =
1 1 3 3 1 3 1 3 9 1 9
A1(pag.229) Să se calculeze integralele:
Z 1 Z e2 Z 1
3 x+1 2
x + ln(1 + x2 ) dx
 
a) x e dx; b) x ln xdx; c)
Z−11 √
1
Z e 0
Z √e
d) ln(x + x2 + 1)dx; e) sin(ln x)dx; f) x log3 xdx;
0 1 1 √ √
Z 1 Z e Z 3
2 x ln(x + 1 + x2 )
g) (x + x2 )ex dx; h) xn ln xdx, n ∈ N; i) √ dx
0 1 0 1 + x2
Rezolvare.
Z 1 Z 1 1 Z 1
3 x+1 3 x+1 ′ 3 x+1
a) x e dx = x (e ) dx = x e −3 x2 ex+1 dx =
−1 −1 −1 −1
1 Z 1 1 1
= e2 + 1 − 3x2 ex+1 +6 xex+1 dx = e2 + 1 − 3e2 + 3 + 6xex+1 − 6ex+1 =
−1 −1 −1 −1
= −2e2 + 16
Z e2 Z e2  2 ′ e2 Z e2
2 x 2 2 2
b) x ln xdx = ln xdx = x ln x − ln xdx =
1 1 2 1 1
Z e2  2  ′ e2 Z e2 e2
4 x 4 x2 x 4 4 x2 5e4 − 1
= 2e − ln xdx = 2e − ln x + dx = 2e − e + =
2 2 2 4 1 4
Z 11 2 Z 11 1
1
x 1 1
x + ln(1 + x2 ) dx = x′ ln(1 + x2 )dx = + x ln(1 + x2 ) −
 
c) 0 +
0 2 0 2 0
2 2 1 1
R 1 2x 1 R1 x +1−1 1
− 0 dx = + ln 2 − 2 0 dx = + ln 2 − 2x + 2arctgx =
1 + x2 2 x2 + 1 2 0 0
3 π 2 ln 2 + π − 3
= − + ln 2 + =
2Z 2 2
1 √ Z 1 √ √ 1
2 ′ 2 2
d) ln(x + x + 1)dx = x ln(x + x + 1)dx = x ln(x + x + 1) −
0 0 0
Z 1 √ √ 1 √ √
x
− √ dx = ln(1 + 2) − x2 + 1 = ln(1 + 2) − 2 + 1
0 x2 Z+ 1 0
e Z e e Z e
′
e) I = sin(ln x)dx = x sin(ln x)dx = x sin(ln x) − cos(ln x)dx =
1 1 1 1
Z e e
′
= e sin 1 − x cos(ln x)dx = e sin 1 − x cos(ln x) − I
1 1
e(sin 1 − cos 1) + 1
2I = e(sin 1 − cos 1) + 1 ⇒ I =
Z √e Z √e 2 Z √e  2  ′ √
e
1 1 x 1 x2
f) x log3 xdx = x ln xdx = ln xdx = · ln x −
1√ ln 3 1 √ ln 3 1 2 ln 3 2 1
Z e e
1 x e x2 e e 1 1
− dx = − = − + =
ln 3 1 2 4 ln 3 4 ln 3 1 4 ln 3 4 ln 3 4 ln 3 4 ln 3
Z 1 Z 1 ′ 1 Z 1
2 x2 1 2

x2
 1 2 x2 2
g) (x + x )e dx = (1 + x ) e dx = (1 + x )e − xex dx =
0 2 0 2 0 0
1
1 1 x2 e
=e− − e =
2 2 0 2

3
 e Z e ′ e Z e
xn+1 xn+1
Z
n 1
h) x ln xdx = ln xdx = ln x − xn dx =
1 1 n + 1 n + 1 1 n + 1 1
e
en+1 xn+1 nen+1 + 1
= − =
n + 1√ (n + 1)2 1 (n + 1)2 √
√ Z 3 √
Z 3
x ln(x + 1 + x2 ) ′ √
i) √ dx = x2 + 1 ln(x + x2 + 1)dx =
0 1 + x2 √ 0
√ √ 3 Z √3 √ √
= x2 + 1 ln(x + x2 + 1) − dx = 2 ln(2 + 3) − 3
0 0
A2(pag.230) Să se calculeze integralele:
Z π Z π Z 1 Z 1
2 x
2 2
3
a) cos xdx; b) x sin dx; c) x arcsin xdx; d) arctgxdx;
0 0 2 0 0
Z π Z 1 Z π Z π
x x arcsin x
4 x 3 x cos x
e) x sin cos dx; f) e dx; g) dx; h) dx
−π 2 2 0 0 1 + cos 2x π
6
sin3 x
Rezolvare.
Z π Z π π Z π
2 2 2 2
a) I = cos3 xdx = (sin x)′ · cos2 xdx = sin x cos2 x +2 sin2 x cos xdx =
0 0 0 0
Z π π
2 2
2
=2 (1 − cos x) cos xdx = 2 sin x − 2I
0 0
2
3I = 2 ⇒ I =
Z π3 π
1 π x2 1 π π2 1
Z Z
2 x
b) I = x sin dx = x(1 − sin x)dx = − x sin x = − J
0 2 2 0 4 0 2 0 4 2
Z π π Z π π
J= x(sin x)′ dx = x sin x − sin xdx = cos x = −2
0 0 0 0
π2 π2 + 4
I= +1=
4 1 4 1 ′ 1 1
x2 x2 x2
Z Z  Z
2 2 2 1 2
c) x arcsin xdx = arcsin xdx = arcsin x − √ dx =
0 0 2 2 0 2 0 1 − x2
π 1
= − J
48 21 1 √
√ √ Z 1√ Z 1
1 − x2
Z
2
′
2 2 3 2
J =− 2
x( 1 − x ) dx = −x 1 − x + 2 2
1 + x dx = − + √ dx =
0 0 0 4 0 1 − x2
√ 1 √
3 2 3 π
=− + arcsin x − J ⇒ J = − +
√4 0 4 12
3 π
I= −
16Z 48
1 Z 1 1 Z 1 1
′ x π 1 2
d) arctgxdx = x arctgxdx = xarctgx − 2
dx = − ln(1 + x ) =
0 0 0 0 1+x 4 2 0
π 1 π √
= − ln 2 = − ln 2
4 Z2π 4 π
1 π 1 π
Z Z
x x ′ 1
e) x sin cos dx = x sin xdx = x(− cos x) dx = − x cos x +
−π 2 2 2 −π 2 −π 2 −π
Z π π
1 1
+ cos xdx = π + sin x =π
2 −π 2 −π
Z 1 Z 1√ √ 1
arcsin x

′
f) I = e dx = 1 − x2 earcsin x dx = 1 − x2 earcsin x +
0 0 0

4
 Z 1 Z 1 1
arcsin x x
′
+ e ·√ dx = −1 + x earcsin x dx = −1 + xearcsin x − I
0 1 − xπ2 0 0
π e2 − 1
2I = e 2 − 1 ⇒ I =
Z π 2 Z π Z π π
4 x 1 4 x 1 4 ′
4
g) dx = dx = x(tgx) dx = xtgx −
0 1 + cos 2x 2 0 cos2 x 2 0
Z π π √ 0
4 π 1 4 π 1 2
− tgxdx = + ln(cos x) = + ln
0 8 2 0 8 2 2
Z π Z π  ′ π Z π
3 x cos x 1 3 1 x 3 1 3 dx
h) dx = x − 2 dx = − + dx =
π sin3 x 2 π6 sin x 2 sin2 x π 2 π6 sin2 x
6
π √ 6

π ctgx 3 π 3
= − = +
9 2 π 9 3
6
A3(pag.230) Să se calculeze integralele:
Z 1 Z 1 Z 2 √ Z √3
xarctgx arctgx 2 x
a) √ dx; b) 2
dx; c) √
xarctg x 2 − 1dx; d) p arcsin xdx;
0 1+x
1+x 2 (1 − x2 )3
0 2 0
√
Z 1 √ Z 3 Z 1
2 2 x arccos x 2
e) arcsin(2x 1 − x )dx; f) √ 2 √ dx; g) (arcsin x)2 dx
2 2
(1 − x ) 1 − x 2
0 2
0
Rezolvare.
Z 1 Z 1 √ √ 1 Z 1
xarctgx ′ dx
a) √ dx = arctgx · ( 1 + x2 ) dx = 1 + x2 arctgx − √ =
1+x 2 1 + x2
√ 0 0
1 √ 0 0
π 2 √ π 2 √
= − ln(x + 1 + x ) = 2 − ln(1 + 2)
4 4
Z 1 Z0 1 1
arctgx ′ 2
b) I = 2
dx = arctgx(arctgx) dx = arctg x − I
0 1+x 0 0
π2 π2
2I = ⇒I=
16 32 Z 2  2 ′
Z 2 √ √ √ 2
x x2
c) √ xarctg x2 − 1dx = √ arctg x2 − 1dx = arctg( x2 − 1 √ −
2 2 2 2
Z 2 √ 2 √ 2
1 x 2π π 2
x −1 5π 1 − 3
− √ √ dx = − − √
= +
2 2 x −1 2 3 4 2 2 12 2
√
Z √3 Z √3  ′ 3
2 x 2 1 1 2
d) p arcsin xdx = √ arcsin xdx = √ −
(1 − x2 )3 1 − x 2 1 − x 2
0 0 0
√
Z √3 3
√
2 1 2π 1 x−1 2 2π
− 2
dx = + ln = + ln(2 − 3)
0 1−x 3 2 x+1 0 3
Z 1 1 1
2 √ Z
2 √ √ 2
e) arcsin(2x 1 − x2 )dx = x′ arcsin(2x 1 − x2 )dx = x arcsin(2x 1 − x2 ) −
0 0 0
Z 1 1
2 x π √ 2 π √
−2 √ dx = + 2 1 − x2 = + 3 − 2
0 1−x 2 6 0 6 √
Z √3 Z √3  ′ 3
2 x arccos x 2 1 1 2
f) √ √ dx = √ √ arccos xdx = √ arccos x √ −
2 (1 − x 2 ) 1 − x2 2 1 − x 2 1 − x 2 2
2 2 2
Z 3 √
√ √
3 √ √
2 1 4 − 3 2π 1 x−1 2 (4 − 3 2)π 2−1
− √ 2
dx = − ln √
= + ln √
2
2 1 − x 12 2 x + 1 2 12 2 − 3
2

5
 Z 1 Z 1 1 Z 1
2
2
2
′ 2 x 2
2 2
g) (arcsin x) dx = x arcsin xdx = x arcsin x − 2 √ arcsin xdx =
0 0 0 0 1 − x2
Z 1 1 1
π2 2 √ ′ π2 √ 2 2
= +2 2
arcsin x( 1 − x ) dx = 2
+ 2 arcsin x 1 − x − 2x =
72 √0 72 0 0
2
π π 3
= + −1
72 6
A4(pag.230) Să se calculeze:
Z 2π Z 1 Z e2  
2 x 1
a) x| sin x|dx; b) x − x e dx; c) | ln x| + [ln x] dx
0 −1 1
e
x
Rezolvare.
Z 2π Z Z π Z 2π π
a) x sin xdx −
x| sin x|dx = x sin xdx = − x(cos x)′ dx+
0 0 π 0
Z 2π π Z π 2π Z 2π
′
+ x(cos x) dx = −x cos x + cos xdx + x cos x − cos xdx =
π 0 0 π π
π 2π
= π + sin x + 2π + π − sin x = 4π
Z 1 0 Z 0 π Z 1 Z 3
2 x 2 x 2 x
b) x − x e dx = (x − x)e dx + (−x + x)e dx + (x2 − x)ex dx =
−1 −1 0 1
0 Z 0 1 Z 1 3
2 x x 2 x x 2 x
= (x − x)e − (2x − 1)e dx + (−x + x)e − (−2x + 1)e dx + (x + x)e −
−1 −1 0 0 1
Z 3 0 0 1 1 3
2
− (2x − 2)ex dx = − − (2x − 1)ex + 2ex − (−2x − 1)ex − 2ex + 6e3 − (2x − 1)ex +
1 e −1 −1 0 0 1
3
1
+2ex = 3e3 − + 4
1 e
c) Avem   
1

 −1, x ∈ , 1
e
 
− ln x, x ∈ 1 , 1
 



| ln x| = e , [ln x] = 0, x ∈ [1, e)
2
ln x, x ∈ (1, e ) 1, x ∈ [e, e2 )
 



2, x = e2

Atunci
Z e2   Z 1 Z e2 Z 1 Z e2
1 1 1
| ln x| + [ln x] dx = − ln xdx + ln xdx − dx + dx =
1
e
x 1
e
1 1
e
x e x
1 1 e2 e2 1 e2
e3 + 4e − 2
= −x ln x +x + x ln x −x − ln |x| + ln x =
1 1
1 1 1
e e
e e e
A5(pag.230)
Z a+1 Să se determine a > 0 astfel ı̂ncât:
a) (3x − 2)ex−a dx = 3;
Za π
2
b) (x2 − ax) sin xdx = π + 8 − 3a2 .
0
Rezolvare.
Z a+1 a+1 a+1
a) (3x − 2)ex−a dx = (3x − 2)ex−a − 3ex−a = a(3e − 3) − 2e + 5
a a a
2
Rezultă a(3e − 3) − 2e + 5 = 3 ⇒ 3a(e − 1) = 2(e − 1) ⇒ a =
3

6
 Z π Z π π
2 2 2
2 2 ′ 2
b) (x − ax) sin xdx = (x − ax)(− cos x) dx = −(x − ax) cos x +
0 0 0
Z π π π
2 2 2
+ (2x − a) cos xdx = (2x − a) sin x =π−a−2 + 2 cos x
0 0
  0
2 2 5
Rezultă π − a − 2 = π + 8 − 3a ⇒ 3a − a − 10 = 0 ⇒ a ∈ ,2
3
A6(pag.230)
Z 1 √ Să se calculeze integralele:
a) x2 x2 + 4dx;
Z0 1 √
b) x3 x2 + 1dx
0
Rezolvare.
Z 1 √ Z 1 √ Z 1 √
1
x4 + 4x2
Z ′ ′
2 3
a) I = x x2 + 4dx = √ dx = x 2
x + 4 dx+4 x 2
x + 4 dx =
0 0 x2 + 4 0 0
√ 1 √ 1 Z 1√ √
= x3 x2 + 4 − 3I + 4x x2 + 4 − 4 x2 + 4dx = 5 5 − 3I − 4J
Z 1√ 0 Z 1 2 0
Z0 1 √ ′ √  1
x + 4 
J= x2 + 4dx = √ dx = x x2 + 4 dx + 4 ln x + x2 + 4 =
0 0 x2 + 4 √0 0
1 √ √
√ 1 + 5 5 + 4 ln 1+ 5
4
= x x2 + 4 − J + 4 ln ⇒J =
0√ 4
√ 2
3 5 1+ 5
Atunci I = − 2 ln
Z 14 √ 4 Z
1 Z 1 √ Z 1 √
3 x5 + x3 4
′
2
′
b) I = 2
x x + 1dx = √ dx = x 2
x + 1 dx + x 2
x + 1 dx =
0 0 x2 + 1 0 0
√ 1 √ 1 Z 1 √ √
= x4 x2 + 1 − 4I + x2 x2 + 1 − 2 x x2 + 1dx = 2 2 − 4I − 2J
0
Z 1 3 0 Z 1 √ 0 ′ Z 1
x +x 2 x
J= √ dx = x 2
x + 1 dx + √ dx =
0 x2 + 1 0 0 x2 + 1 √
√ 1 √ 1 √ 2 2−1
= x2 x2 + 1 − 2J + x2 + 1 = 2 2 − 1 − 2J ⇒ J =
√0 0 3
2 2+2
Atunci I =
15
A7(pag.230)
Z 2 Să se calculeze următoarele integrale:
a) ln x · g(x)dx, unde g : [1, 2] → R, g(x) = max(x + 1, x2 − 1);
Z1 2
b) ex f (x)dx, unde f : [−1, 2] → R, f (x) = min(x, x2 )
−1
Rezolvare.
a) Rezolvăm mai ı̂ntâi inegalitatea x + 1 ≥ x2 − 1 ⇔ x2 − x − 2 ≤ 0 ⇔ x ∈ [−1, 2]. Atunci
g(x) = x + 1, ∀x ∈ [1, 2]
Z 2 Z 2 2 ′  2  2 Z 2
x x x 
I= (x + 1) ln xdx = + x ln xdx = + x ln x − + 1 dx =
1 1 2 2 1 1 2
2 2 2
x 7
= 4 ln 2 − − x = 4 ln 2 −
4 1 1 4
b) Rezolvăm mai ı̂ntâi inegalitatea x ≥ x2 ⇔ x2 − x ≤ 0 ⇔ x ∈ [0, 1].

7
 (
x, x ∈ [−1, 0] ∪ [1, 2]
Atunci f (x) =
x2 , x ∈ (0, 1)
Z 0 Z 1 Z 2 0 0 1 Z 1 2 2
x 2 x
I= xe dx + x e dx + xex dx = xex −e x
+x e 2 x
−2 x
xe dx + xe x x
−e =
−1 0 1 −1 −1 0 0 1 1
1 1
1 1 2
= − 1 + + e + 2e2 − e − e2 + e − 2xex + 2ex = e2 + e + − 3
e e 0 0 e
Z 1
A8(pag.230) Fie In = xn ex dx, n ∈ N. Să se arate că:
0
a) In + nIn−1 = e, ∀n ∈ N∗ ;
b) lim In = 0.
n→∞
Rezolvare.
Z 1 1 Z 1
x ′
a) In = n
x (e ) dx = x e n x
−n xn−1 ex dx = e − nIn−1 ⇒ In + nIn−1 = e, ∀n ∈ N∗
0 0 0
b) Avem 0 ≤ xn ex ≤ exn , ∀n ∈ N. Rezultă
Z 1 Z 1 1
n x exn+1 e
0≤ x e dx ≤ e xn ⇒ 0 ≤ In ≤ ⇒ 0 ≤ In ≤
0 0 n+1 0 n+1
Trecând la limită, rezultă lim In = 0
n→∞
Z π
2
A9(pag.230) Se consideră s, irul (In ) , In = cosn xdx, n ∈ N
0
a) Să se calculeze I0 , I1 , I2 ;
b) Să se studieze monotonia s, irului (In );
c) Să se găsească o relat, ie de recurent, ă pentru In folosind metoda integrării prin părt, i.
Rezolvare.Z pi π
2 2 π
a) I0 = dx = x =
0 0 π 2
Z π 2
2
I1 = cos xdx = sin x = 1
0
Z π Z π0 π
2
Z π
2 2 2
2 ′
I2 = cos xdx = cos x(sin x) dx = cos x sin x + sin2 xdx =
Z π0 0
π
0 0
2 2 π
= (1 − cos2 x)dx = x − I2 ⇒ I2 =
0 0 h 4π i
n n+1
b) Avem cos x ≥ cos x, ∀x ∈ 0, ⇒ In ≥ In+1 , deci s, irul este descrescător.
Z π
2 π Z π
2 2 2
n−1 ′ n−1
c) In = cos x(sin x) dx = cos x sin x + (n − 1) cosn−2 sin2 xdx =
Z π0 0 0
2 n−1
= (n − 1) (1 − cos2 x) cosn−1 xdx = (n − 1)In−2 − (n − 1)In ⇒ In = In−2 , ∀n ≥ 2
0 R1 n
A10(pag.230) Fie s, irul (In ) , In = 0 (1 − x2 )n dx, n ∈ N
a) Să se arate că (2n + 1)In = 2nIn−1 , ∀n ∈ N∗ ;
1 1
b) Să se determine formula termenului In ; le c) Să se arate că In = Cn0 − Cn1 + Cn2 − . . . +
3 5
(−1)n n
C
2n + 1 n Z 1 Z 1 Z 1
2 n 2 n−1 2
Rezolvare. a) In = (1 − x ) dx = (1 − x ) (1 − x )dx = (1 − x2 )n−1 dx −
0 0 0
Z 1
x2 (1 − x2 )n−1 dx =
0

8
 Z 1 1
1
n ′ 1 1
x 1 − x2 dx = In−1 + x(1 − x2 )n − In

= In−1 +
2n 0 2n 0 2n
2n + 1
Rezultă In = In−1 ⇒ (2n + 1)In = 2nIn−1
2n
b) Aplicând succesiv formula de recurent, ă obt, inem
2n 2n 2(n − 1) 2 · 4 · 6 · . . . · 2n
In = In−1 = · In−2 = . . . =
2n +Z 11 2n + 1 2n − 1 3 · 5 · 7 · . . . · (2n + 1)
1 − Cn1 x2 + Cn2 x4 − . . . + (−1)n Cnn x2n dx =


c) I=
0
1 3 1 5 1 1
x x x2n+1 1 1 (−1)n n
=x − Cn1
+ Cn2
− . . . + (−1) n
Cnn= Cn0 − Cn1 + Cn2 − . . . + C
0 3 0 5 0 2n + 1 0 3 5 2n + 1 n
Z 1 Z 1
A11(pag.231) Se consideră s, irul (In ), I0 = e−x dx s, i In = e−x xn dx, n ∈ N∗
0 0
a) Să se calculeze I0 , I1 , I2
1
b) Folosind integrarea prin părt, i, să se arate că In = − + nIn−1 , n ∈ N∗ .
  e
n! 1 1 1
c) Să se arate că In = e − − − ... − , n ∈ N∗
e 0! 1! n!
Bacalaureat 2002

Rezolvare.Z 1 1
1
a) I0 = e−x dx = −e−x = 1 −
0 0 e
Z 1 1
2
I1 = xe−x = −xe−x + I0 = 1 −
e
Z0 1 0
1
5
I2 = x2 e−x dx = −x2 e−x + 2I1 = 2 −
0 0 e
Z 1 1
1
b) In = xn (−e−x )′ dx = −xn e−x + nIn−1 = − + nIn−1
0 0 e
c) Aplicând succesiv formula
 de recurent, ă,rezultă
1 1 1
In = − + nIn−1 = − + − + (n − 1)In−2 =
e e e 
1 n 1
= − − + n(n − 1) − + (n − 2)In−3 = . . . =
e e e
1 n n(n1 ) n(n − 1)(n − 2)
=− − − − − . . . − n!I0 =
e e e e
1 n n(n − 1) n(n − 1)(n − 2) n!
=− − − − − ... − + n! =
e e e  e e
n! 1 1 1
= e − − − ... −
e 0! 1! n!