ACIZI CARBOXILICI : RCOOH Derivai ai hidrocarburilor care conin COOH ( una sau mai multe grupri ) DENUMIRE I CLASIFICARE

: ACIDUL ACETIC : CH3COOH 1. Dup nr. gruprilor carboxil : OBINERE : A) MONCARBOXILICI : Ex : 1) H-COOH ( acid metanoic ) - formic 2) CH3-COOH ( acid etanoic ) acetic 3) CH3-CH2-COOH ( acid propanoic ) - acrilic 4) CH2=CH2-COOH ( acid propenoic ) - oxalic Regul de denumire : ACID + Numele Hidrocarburii coresp + OIC B) DICARBOXILICI : Ex : 1) HOOC-COOH ( acid etandioic ) 2) HOOC-CH2-COOH (acid propandioic / malonic ) Regul de denumire : ACID + Numele Hidrocarburii REPREZENTANI : 1) ACID ACETIC 2) AZIZII GRAI , n grsimi i au caracteristicile : - monocarboxilici, nr mare de C (n4, n-par ); - saturai / nesaturai ; - au catena liniar Ex : CH3-(CH2)14-COOH -> ACID PALMITIC ( diverse grsimi ) CH3-(CH2)16-COOH -> ACID STEARIC ( n cear ) CH3-(CH2)7-CH=CH-(CH2)7-COOH -> ACID OLEIC ( n REACII : 1) comune cu ale acizilor anorganici : a) cu metale reactive( Na, Mg, Ca ) : xCH3-COOH + Me (CH3-COO)xMe + x/2 H2O b) cu oxizi metalici (CuO) : 2xCH3-COOH + Me2Ox 2(CH3-COO)xMe + H2O c) cu bazele ( Mg(OH)2 ) : CH3-COOH + MeOH CH3-COOMe + H2O d) cu srurile ac. mai slabi ( H2CO3, HCN ) : 2xCH3-COOH + Me(CO3)X 2(CH3-COO)XMe + xCO2+ xH2O xCH3-COOH + Me(HCO3)x (CH3-COO)xMe + xCO2 + xH2O 2) reacii specifice acizilor organici : REACIA DE ESTERIFICARE COOH + H2O a) Industrial -> fermentaia acetic a vinului ( oetirea vinului ) CH3-CH2-OH + O2 -> CH3-COOH + H2O b) n laborator -> oxidarea etanolului : CH3-CH=O + [O] ----> CH3COOH -> oxidare energic etanol : CH3-CH2-OH + 2[O] -- CH3-

PROPRIETI : determinate de structur , gr COOH are caracter acid => cedeaz p+ R-COOH + H2O R-COO- + H3O+